cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Entry of influenza virus into a glycosphingolipid-deficient mouse skin fibroblast cell line.

A glycosphingolipid (GSL)-deficient mouse skin fibroblast mutant cell line (GM95) was tested for its susceptibility to influenza virus infection and/or fusion. Octadecyl rhodamine labeled influenza virus fused at 37 °C and low pH with GM95 cells at similar rates and extents as with the parental cell lines which did bear glycosphingolipids. Influenza virus infected the GM95 cells at the same level as the parental cell lines. The infection and fusion was blocked when the cell lines were pre-treated with neuramindase. We conclude that influenza virus uses mainly sialoglycoproteins and that gangliosides are not essential for influenza virus fusion and infection.
Criminological verstehen: Inside the immediacy of crime

Many past and present studies in criminology have developed out of engaged and often illegal field research—that is, field research in which the researcher of necessity crosses over into the world of criminality. Contemporary reevaluations of methodology, and specifically the role of the researcher in the research process, provide a framework for exploring anew the implications of such field research. In addition, a variety of contemporary criminological studies highlight the importance of the meanings and emotions that emerge inside criminal events, and thus confirm the need for methodologies that can situate researchers to some degree inside illegality. Drawing on Weber's notion of verstehen, this essay proposes one such situated methodology: criminological verstehen. It concludes by suggesting broader applications of this methodology in present and future criminal and criminal justice research situations.
Impacts of Extended Interstate Closures on Regional Freight Logistics: Case Study of the 2011 Interstate 29 Closure

This paper uses freight performance measure (FPM) data to assess quantitatively the local effects of an Interstate closure. The use of FPM data allows for an empirical analysis beyond traditional theoretical modeling, simulations, user surveys, windshield surveys, and manual traffic counts. Specifically, this paper presents a case study of the localized changes in regional freight flows with origins and destinations in Kansas City, Missouri, and Kansas City, Kansas, and in Omaha, Nebraska, and Council Bluffs, Iowa, during the Missouri River flooding of 2011, which caused 49 mi of Interstate 29 to be closed for 115 days. Analysis results show that most of the regional truck traffic did not adhere to the detour routes designated by the state department of transportation, which aimed to keep the trucks on Interstates or four-lane divided facilities. Other routes used were found to be advantageous for driver costs, vehicle operating costs, travel time, and vehicle miles traveled. On average, as a result of th...
Understanding clinicians' diagnostic practices: Attitudes toward the utility of diagnosis and standardized diagnostic tools

Data on clinician diagnostic practices suggest they may not align with evidence-based guidelines. To better understand these practices, a multidisciplinary survey of 1,678 child clinicians examined attitudes toward the utility of diagnosis and standardized diagnostic tools. Psychiatrists were more likely than other disciplines to value diagnosis, whereas psychologists were more likely than others to value standardized diagnostic tools. Private practitioners held less positive views in both domains than other practitioners. Both attitude scales predicted self-reported diagnostic practices, although views of diagnosis utility were more associated with diagnosing in general, whereas views of diagnostic tools were more predictive of standardized tool use.
Application of the dual-component model of working memory to ADHD.

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been associated with a deficit in working memory across both verbal and spatial domains, but the precise nature of this deficit is poorly understood. The dual-component model postulates that working memory capacity consists of two dissociable components: maintenance in primary memory (PM) and recall from secondary memory (SM). Participants diagnosed with ADHD (n = 32) and age-matched controls (n = 31) performed both verbal and spatial free-recall tasks, and subsets of these two samples were selected for further comparison based on their use of a “recency” order-of-report strategy. The primary results showed that maintenance in PM appears to be largely intact whereas recall from SM appears to be deficient in ADHD relative to age-matched controls. Similar outcomes were observed across both task domains. Implications for understanding both the underlying pathology and treatment of ADHD are discussed.
“More to Induce Than Demand”: Eisenhower and Congress

This article offers a fresh interpretation of Dwight Eisenhower's legislative presidency. Often viewed as passive or naive in his dealings with Congress, and as a patsy for Democratic Senate leader Lyndon B. Johnson, Eisenhower was in reality shrewd and effective, as his high level of success on the legislative front attests. Eisenhower used various tools in his leadership kit to accomplish his ends, including regular meetings with legislators of both parties to discuss his program; a willingness to meet the political opposition at least part way toward his objectives; readiness to explain his priorities through regular press conferences and also in private meetings with political barons in the Congress; and a determination to play hardball if necessary, with those who were sought to block his initiatives in whole or part. Far from being an “auto-pilot” president when it came to dealings with Congress, Eisenhower was active along various tracks; the results of his efforts speak for themselves.
An Empirical Comparison of Spectral Learning Methods for Classification

In this paper, we explore the problem of how to learn spectral (e.g., Fourier) models for classification problems. Specifically, we consider two sub-problems of spectral learning: (1) how to select the basis functions that will be included in the model and (2) how to assign coefficients to the selected basis functions. Interestingly, empirical results suggest that the most commonly used approach does not perform as well in practice as other approaches, while a method for assigning coefficients based on finding an optimal linear combination of low-order basis functions usually outperforms other approaches.
A common basis for auditory sensory storage in perception and immediate memory

Thirty-two subjects participated in three experiments, one assessing auditory short-term memory for word lists with and without a verbal suffix and two assessing discrimination of synthetic vowels at either short or long interstimulus delays. The purpose was to find out whether the same kind of auditory memory supports both short-term memory and speech discrimination. There was a significant correlation between performance in the suffix and A-X speech-discrimination experiments in those conditions likely to depend partly on echoic memory; however, there was no significant correlation between the tasks in conditions in which echoic memory was presumed to have been removed. The results provide a bridge between perception and memory procedures and support a theoretical model that was made to cover both domains.
A carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur elemental and isotopic study in dated sediment cores from the Louisiana Shelf

Three sediment cores were collected off the Mississippi River delta on the Louisiana Shelf at sites that are variably influenced by recurring, summer-time water-column hypoxia and fluvial loadings. The cores, with established chronology, were analyzed for their respective carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur elemental and isotopic composition to examine variable organic matter inputs, and to assess the sediment record for possible evidence of hypoxic events. Sediment from site MRJ03-3, which is located close to the Mississippi Canyon and generally not influenced by summer-time hypoxia, is typical of marine sediment in that it contains mostly marine algae and fine-grained material from the erosion of terrestrial C4 plants. Sediment from site MRJ03-2, located closer to the mouth of the Mississippi River and at the periphery of the hypoxic zone (annual recurrence of summer-time hypoxia >50%), is similar in composition to core MRJ03-3, but exhibits more isotopic and elemental variability down-core, suggesting that this site is more directly influenced by river discharge. Site MRJ03-5 is located in an area of recurring hypoxia (annual recurrence >75%), and is isotopically and elementally distinct from the other two cores. The carbon and nitrogen isotopic composition of this core prior to 1960 is similar to average particulate organic matter from the lower Mississippi River, and approaches the composition of C3 plants. This site likely receives a greater input of local terrestrial organic matter to the sediment. After 1960 and to the present, a gradual shift to higher values of δ13C and δ15N and lower C:N ratios suggests that algal input to these shelf sediments increased as a result of increased productivity and hypoxia. The values of C:S and δ34S reflect site-specific processes that may be influenced by the higher likelihood of recurring seasonal hypoxia. In particular, the temporal variations in the C:S and δ34S down-core are likely caused by changes in the rate of sulfate reduction, and hence the degree of hypoxia in the overlying water column. Based principally on the down-core C:N and C:S ratios and δ13C and δ34S profiles, sites MRJ03-3 and MRJ03-2 generally reflect more marine organic matter inputs, while site MRJ03-5 appears to be more influenced by terrestrial deposition.
Analysis of dispersive spectrum splitting systems

Shockley and Queisser have shown that systems based on single junction PV cells are limited to a system efficiency of 33%. This restriction results from the mismatch between the photon energy of the incident sunlight and the inability of a single junction device to optimally convert the broad incident spectrum. One approach to overcome this difficulty is to incorporate multiple PV cells with different bandgaps that are optimized to convert different parts of the incident spectrum to electrical power. Spectrum splitting configurations distribute incident photons onto several single bandgap PV cells that are spatially separated. Although, systems with different methods and geometries have been proposed, optical systems relying on reflective filters have not been compared to transmissive ones. Since reflection-type films are primarily based on the interference of reflected waves from optical interfaces, systems based on these filters do not have dispersion losses. Dispersive spectrum splitting systems rely on optical elements that use diffraction or refraction for spectral separation. The dispersion from a single broad band optical element can be used for spectral separation. The geometrical relationship between focusing power, the degree of dispersion, the system aperture, and the PV cell aperture and position can be used to tailor the spectral shape of the incident spectrum into each of the PV cells comprising the system. In this paper, the effects of dispersion introduced by transmission type filters are presented compared to reflective filters.
Schools and Neighborhoods: Organizational and Environmental Factors Associated with Crime in Secondary Schools.

BACKGROUND: While crime and violence in schools are derived primarily from factors external to schools, violent behavior may also be aggravated by factors in the school environment, including the physical environment, its educational and social climate, and its organizational capacity and composition. The objective of this study is to examine the effect of the school's organizational and educational environment on crime rates in secondary schools and to examine how neighborhood factors influence these relationships. METHODS: School and neighborhood crime rates for 95 middle (MS) and high (HS) schools were calculated using data from the Los Angeles Unified School District (LAUSD) Police Department and Los Angeles Police Department, respectively. School-level organizational and educational variables, including the academic performance index (API), were obtained from the California Department of Education. A measure of neighborhood dilapidation was created using variables collected on a neighborhood environmental survey. Linear regression was used to examine the relationship between organizational and educational school variables and school crime rates. Community crime and dilapidation were added to the model to examine the influence of the school-community context relationships. RESULTS: HS had higher crime rates than MS. As the percentage of certified teachers and student to staff ratios increased, school crime decreased (p < .01). An API of below basic performance was significantly associated with increasing school crime rates (p < .05). Neighborhood crime was not significantly associated with school crime, although dilapidation was positively and significantly associated with school crime even after controlling for community crime (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS: Both school- and neighborhood-level factors were associated with increasing crime rates in secondary schools. School violence prevention efforts should include school and community partnerships to address these potentially modifiable factors. Language: en
Multidimensional trees, range searching, and a correlation dimension algorithm of reduced complexity

Abstract Multidimensional trees may be exploited, at the negligible O ( n log n ) cost of their construction, to significantly reduce the complexity of the Grassberger-Procaccia algorithm and to accelerate computations of the correlation dimension at intermediate length scales.
A massively parallel tensor contraction framework for coupled-cluster computations

Precise calculation of molecular electronic wavefunctions by methods such as coupled-cluster requires the computation of tensor contractions, the cost of which has polynomial computational scaling with respect to the system and basis set sizes. Each contraction may be executed via matrix multiplication on a properly ordered and structured tensor. However, data transpositions are often needed to reorder the tensors for each contraction. Writing and optimizing distributed-memory kernels for each transposition and contraction is tedious since the number of contractions scales combinatorially with the number of tensor indices. We present a distributed-memory numerical library (Cyclops Tensor Framework (CTF)) that automatically manages tensor blocking and redistribution to perform any user-specified contractions. CTF serves as the distributed-memory contraction engine in Aquarius, a new program designed for high-accuracy and massively-parallel quantum chemical computations. Aquarius implements a range of coupled-cluster and related methods such as CCSD and CCSDT by writing the equations on top of a C++ templated domain-specific language. This DSL calls CTF directly to manage the data and perform the contractions. Our CCSD and CCSDT implementations achieve high parallel scalability on the BlueGene/Q and Cray XC30 supercomputer architectures showing that accurate electronic structure calculations can be effectively carried out on top of general distributed-memory tensor primitives. We introduce Cyclops Tensor Framework (CTF), a distributed-memory library for tensor contractions.CTF is able to perform tensor decomposition, redistribution, and contraction at runtime.CTF enables the expression of massively-parallel coupled-cluster methods via a concise tensor contraction interface.The quantum chemistry software suite Aquarius employs CTF to execute two coupled-cluster methods: CCSD and CCSDT.The Aquarius CCSD and CCSDT codes scale well on BlueGene/Q and Cray XC30, comparing favorably to NWChem.
Violence: An annotated bibliography of selected publications and resources

Reducing violence-related injuries and deaths among youth requires an integrated community-based approach, involving policy, education, legal and regulatory, and environmental modification strategies. Developing violence-prevention programs demands an understanding of the problem, knowledge of existing programs and their effectiveness, technical expert assistance, and human and material resources. This annotated bibliography of selected publications and resources relates to violence and violence prevention. The purpose of the bibliography is to provide a first point-of-entry for using the literature and for identifying and locating additional resources. The publications include a collection of research reports, conference proceedings and their background papers, and articles exploring issues and reviewing prevention strategies and resources. Resource entries identify federal agencies, academic centers, and projects that provide a range of services and assistance.
Transmission of Claviceps africana Spores from Diseased to Non-Infected Sorghum by Corn Earworm Moths, Helicoverpa zea

ABSTRACT The potential of corn earworm moths Helicoverpa zea, an important pest of sorghum in Texas, as a passive vector of sorghum ergot, Claviceps africana was assessed. Laboratory-reared (females and males) and field-moths trapped in sex pheromone traps were confined in screen cages with potted male-sterile sorghum line AT×623 that had been artificially infected with sorghum ergot and was producing massive amounts of honeydew that contained spores of the fungus. In the cages, moths were observed feeding on the honeydew. When laboratory-reared moths contaminated with C. africana spores were released for 12 or 48 h in cages containing healthy greenhouse- or field-grown male-sterile sorghum plants at anthesis, the levels of ergot severities on the panicles ranged from 0.5–90%, per panicle. The levels of ergot infection on greenhouse- and field-grown AT×623 exposed to ergot contaminated field-trapped males for 48 h ranged from 0–81.7%. Mean external contamination of laboratory-reared and field-trapped moth...
Temperature control of hot-poured sealants during the sealing of pavement cracks☆

Abstract Bituminous sealants are applied to asphalt concrete roadways to prevent the ingress of water, brine and debris in the road structure. This delays degradation and extends the pavement service life. Sealants are applied hot, yet little is known about temperature control and temperature variations during typical sealant installations and its affect on sealant properties and performance. To address this issue, sealant temperatures were measured at various points in three common kettles melters during sealant installations. Kettle temperature gauge readings were compared to true sealant temperatures and to recommended application temperatures. The results indicate a mismatch between the suggested and the true installation temperatures due to the lack of kettle gauge calibration, the contractors’ attention to and control of the sealant temperature, and the characteristics of the stirring system. To improve temperature control, it is suggested that installation specifications require a certificate of temperature calibration, that kettles with variable speeds be operated at the fastest and safest practical speed, and that the next generation of kettle be equipped with automated temperature controls.
Proficiency testing programs for DNA typing laboratories offered by the College of American Pathologists

Abstract The College of American Pathologists (CAP) has several proficiency testing programs targeted to laboratories that perform DNA typing of STR loci. Two well-known programs for parentage testing and forensic labs have been available since the early 1990s and are used by labs worldwide. New proficiency surveys introduced by CAP within the last 2 years may also be of interest to DNA typing labs interested in STR typing for new sources of revenue. Recently added surveys include one for labs monitoring engraftment in bone marrow transplant patients, a second survey for labs that perform phenotyping of convicted offenders for databasing programs, and a survey for labs that perform mitochondrial DNA sequencing. Presented here are brief introductions to the proficiency surveys offered by CAP that are of potential interest to DNA typing labs.
Atypical Femoral Fractures: An Orthopaedic Surgeon’s Perspective

Atypical femoral fractures are uncommon fractures that are often associated with extended bisphosphonate use. They occur in the proximal or middle diaphyseal portion of the femur with a short oblique pattern and have relatively thickened cortices. Prodromal pain symptoms vary and bilateral involvement is common. Because delayed or complicated healing adversely affects treatment, fixation with a load-sharing intramedullary nail seems to fair better than load-bearing plate stabilization. If a delayed union is noted, it is best to wait up to one year before surgical intervention. Optimization of the patient’s metabolism is also required.
A multimodal location and routing model for hazardous materials transportation

The recent US Commodity Flow Survey data suggest that transporting hazardous materials (HAZMAT) often involves multiple modes, especially for long-distance transportation. However, not much research has been conducted on HAZMAT location and routing on a multimodal transportation network. Most existing HAZMAT location and routing studies focus exclusively on single mode (either highways or railways). Motivated by the lack of research on multimodal HAZMAT location and routing and the fact that there is an increasing demand for it, this research proposes a multimodal HAZMAT model that simultaneously optimizes the locations of transfer yards and transportation routes. The developed model is applied to two case studies of different network sizes to demonstrate its applicability. The results are analyzed and suggestions for future research are provided.
Canine reachability of snout-based wearable inputs

We designed an experiment with the goal of assessing wearable reachability for canines. We investigated the effect of placement on the ability of dogs to reach on-body interfaces with their snouts. In our pilot study, seven placements along the front legs, rib cage, hip and chest are tested with six dogs. The results showed that the front leg placements are reachable with the least amount of training and are also the most invariant to small changes in location. With training, the lower half of the rib cage area had the fastest access times across subjects. We hope that these results may be useful in mapping the constraint space of placements for snout interactions.
Severe mental illness and mortality of hospitalized ACS patients in the VHA

Background Severe mental illness (SMI) has been associated with more medical co-morbidity and less cardiovascular procedure use for older patients with myocardial infarction. However, it is unknown whether SMI is associated with increased long term mortality risk among patients presenting with acute coronary syndromes (ACS). We tested the hypothesis that SMI is associated with higher one-year mortality following ACS hospitalization.
Mass transport effects in electrohydrodynamic mass spectrometry

Abstract A homologous series of tetraalkylammonium salts was used to characterize the sampling behavior of electrohydrodynamic (EH) mass spectrometry. Relative sampling efficiencies increased with increasing ion size up to the tetrabutylammonium ion for glycerol solutions, reflecting expected decreases in the strength of ion—solvent interactions with increasing ion size. An unexpectedly low sensitivity for tetrapentylammonium did not result from ion pairing or surface tension effects. The anomaly was more pronounced when LiCl was used as supporting electrolyte in glycerol (increasing viscosity) and was not observed when sampling from ethylene glycol. These effects are consistent with mass transport control of ion concentrations in the sampling region, introducing a diffusion coefficient-based bias. Studies with the tetramethylammonium ion showed systematic decreases in signal intensity with time, characteristic of convection—diffusion control of surface concentrations. A model of convection—diffusion behavior in the EH system was developed. While the model does not explain all aspects of the sampling process, it provides support for the mass transport hypothesis.
Specific lipid mediator signatures of human phagocytes: microparticles stimulate macrophage efferocytosis and pro-resolving mediators.

Phagocytes orchestrate acute inflammation and host defense. Here we carried out lipid mediator (LM) metabololipidomics profiling distinct phagocytes: neutrophils (PMN), apoptotic PMN, and macrophages. Efferocytosis increased specialized pro-resolving mediator (SPM) biosynthesis, including Resolvin D1 (RvD1), RvD2, and RvE2, which were further elevated by PMN microparticles. Apoptotic PMN gave elevated prostaglandin E2, lipoxin B4 and RvE2, whereas zymosan-stimulated PMN showed predominantly leukotriene B4 and 20-OH-leukotriene B4, as well as lipoxin marker 5,15-diHETE. Using deuterium-labeled precursors (d8-arachidonic acid, d5-eicosapentaenoic acid, and d5-docosahexaenoic acid), we found that apoptotic PMN and microparticles contributed to SPM biosynthesis during efferocytosis. M2 macrophages produced SPM including maresin-1 (299 ± 8 vs 45 ± 6 pg/2.5 × 105 cells; P < .01) and lower amounts of leukotriene B4 and prostaglandin than M1. Apoptotic PMN uptake by both macrophage subtypes led to modulation of their LM profiles. Leukotriene B4 was down-regulated in M2 (668 ± 81 vs 351 ± 39 pg/2.5 × 105 cells; P < .01), whereas SPM including lipoxin A4 (977 ± 173 vs 675 ± 167 pg/2.5 × 105 cells; P < .05) were increased. Conversely, uptake of apoptotic PMN by M2 macrophages reduced (∼ 25%) overall LM. Together, these results establish LM signature profiles of human phagocytes and related subpopulations. Moreover, they provide evidence for microparticle regulation of specific endogenous LM during defined stages of the acute inflammatory process and their dynamic changes in human primary phagocytes.
Clinical features and management of splenic artery pseudoaneurysm: case series and cumulative review of literature

Abstract Introduction Splenic artery pseudoaneurysm is uncommon. We report our institution's recent 18-year experience with these aneurysms and review the literature. Methods We reviewed the records for 37 patients with visceral artery pseudoaneurysm evaluated at our institution from 1980 to 1998. From this group we found only 10 patients (27%) with splenic artery pseudoaneurysm. We also reviewed 147 cases of splenic artery pseudoaneurysm reported in the English literature. Results In this series of 10 patients, 5 were men. Mean age was 51.2 years (range, 35-78 years). Causes of aneurysm included chronic pancreatitis in 4 patients, trauma in 2 patients, iatrogenic cause in 1 patient, and unknown cause in 3. The most common symptom was bleeding in 7 patients and abdominal or flank pain in 5 patients; 2 patients had no symptoms. Aneurysm diameter was known for four pseudoaneurysms, and ranged from 0.3 to 3 cm (mean, 1.7 cm). Splenectomy and distal pancreatectomy were performed in 4 patients, splenectomy alone in 2 patients, endovascular transcatheter embolization in 2 patients, and simple ligation in 1 patient. One patient with a ruptured pseudoaneurysm died before any intervention could be performed; there were no postoperative deaths. Follow-up data were available for 7 patients, with a mean of 46.3 months (range, 4.5-120 months). Conclusions Splenic artery pseudoaneurysm is rare and usually is a complication of pancreatitis or trauma. Average aneurysm diameter in our series of 10 patients was smaller than previously reported (1.7 cm vs 5.0 cm). Although conservative management has produced excellent results in some reports, from our experience and the literature, we recommend repair of all splenic artery pseudoaneurysms.
Flow rule for the plastic deformation of particiulate metal-matrix composites

Abstract Finite element calculations are performed on models of particulate metal-matrix composites to study the applicability of a quadratic yield function and an associated flow rule. The matrix, here taken to be Al, is described by a J 2 flow rule for an isotropic material and the reinforcing particles, either SiC or TiC, are taken to be elastic. Two different types of three-dimensional models of the composite are considered: (1) a simple cubic lattice of spherical particles and (2) random digital models that are approximately isotropic. Only in the second type of model can the existence of a flow rule be established. The validity of a flow rule in random models is associated with the absence of shear planes that extend throughout the solid without intercepting any particles. Such planes can be drawn in the simple cubic lattice for some shear deformations and particle volume fractions. Localized shear bands occurring on these planes results in a shear response essentially identical to that of the unreinforced matrix material, which precludes the determination of the shear response from the uniaxial deformation of the composite.
Selective adsorption of surface-modified ferritin on a phase-separated polymer blend

Abstract We compare the adsorption behavior of wild and surface-modified ferritin on a homopolymer blend of poly(desaminotyrosyl tyrosine dodecyl ester carbonate) (PDTD) and poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL). Wild ferritin was alkylated by zero length cross-linking to surface carboxylate groups activated by water soluble carbodiimide (EDC). Modification was confirmed by anion exchange chromatography. All the adsorption experiments were done using deionized water (pH 5.8) and ultramicrotomed thin polymer films of thickness ∼100 nm. Transmission electron microscopy shows a clear selectivity of alkylated ferritin adsorption onto the PCL phase while wild ferritin predominantly adsorbs onto the PDTD phase. We attribute these differences to the nature of the electrostatic interaction between the two types of ferritin and the polymer surface.
Influence of nitrogen, plant growth stage, and environment on charcoal rot of grain sorghum caused by Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid

Colonization of sorghum by Macrophomina phaseolina in field plots was determined at nitrogen fertilization rates of 0, 56, 112, and 168 kg ha-1 in 1988 and 0, 84, 168, and 256 kg ha-1 in 1989. Above ground plant tissue and roots were sampled monthly to determine total nitrogen and percent colonization of root segments by natural inoculum. Root infection was not affected by nitrogen treatment, but was affected by growth stage and environment. High root infection occurred before reproductive development (growth stage 3) in 1988 and was associated with hot, dry weather early in the growing season. In 1989, when the weather was cool and wet, root infection began after reproductive development (growth stage 4). The effect of nitrogen treatments on lesion length was determined in sorghum stalks artificially inoculated with M. phaseolina. Lesion lengths were significantly affected by both nitrogen treatments and growth stage. Lesions were significantly longer with all nitrogen treatments at growth stage 9 than with the no-nitrogen treatment, and lesions tended to increase with increased levels of nitrogen fertilization. Significant increases in lesion length occurred between growth stages 5, 7, and 9 in 1988 and between 7 and 9 in 1989. This study demonstrates that nitrogen fertilization affects colonization of sorghum stalks but not root infection by M. phaseolina.
Male and Female Delinquents' Attachments and Effects of Attachments on Severity of Self-Reported Delinquency

Although there has been considerable research on attachment and delinquency, few studies have focused on gender differences. This study used a survey of adolescent boys and girls incarcerated in th...
Returning to Overuse Activity Following a Combined Supraspinatus and Infraspinatus Tear Leads to Shoulder Joint Damage

Rotator cuff tendon tears are common conditions which can lead to significant pain and dysfunction. Tears may progress over time from isolated supraspinatus tears to complete ruptures of both the supraspinatus and infraspinatus tendons, disrupting the anterior-posterior force balance provided by the subscapularis anteriorly and infraspinatus posteriorly (commonly referred to as a “force couple”) [1]. This disruption may lead to increased joint instability and result in altered glenohumeral translations which may cause damage to joint structures, such as articular cartilage and adjacent (intact) tendons. This is a particular concern for active individuals who are likely to continue high levels of overuse activity (e.g., laborers, athletes), despite the presence of rotator cuff tears. Previous studies have shown that returning to overuse activity following an isolated supraspinatus tear alters biceps and glenoid articular cartilage properties, but does not alter shoulder function or the adjacent intact subscapularis tendon [2]. However, the consequences associated with disrupting the anterior-posterior force balance (supraspinatus and infraspinatus tears) are not understood. Therefore, the objectives of this study were 1) to investigate the effect of returning to overuse activity following tears of both the supraspinatus and infraspinatus tendons on shoulder function and the remaining intact tendon and glenoid cartilage mechanical properties and 2) to begin to define the biologic mechanisms responsible for these changes. We hypothesized that overuse activity following two-tendon rotator cuff tears would H1) alter shoulder function and H2) lead to damage (indicated by inferior mechanical properties and increased production of degenerative factors, extracellular matrix, and cartilage markers) in the remaining intact tendons (including the biceps and upper and lower subscapularis tendons) and in the anterior-superior region of the glenoid articular cartilage as a result of the excessive joint loading due to overuse following the supraspinatus-infraspinatus tear.© 2013 ASME
New values of quadrupole moments of fluorine nuclei

The increasing availability of $^{19}\mathrm{F}^{*}(I=\frac{5}{2})$ and $^{20}\mathrm{F}(I=2)$ quadrupole interaction data by nuclear radiation techniques has crystallized the need for accurate values of $Q$ for these nuclei. From accurate self-consistent-field calculations on the FCl molecule we have obtained $|Q(^{19}\mathrm{F}^{*})|=0.072\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.004$ barns and $|Q(^{20}\mathrm{F})|=0.043\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.002$, respectively, which are only two-thirds of earlier semiempirical estimates.
Transient Ischaemic Dilation on Tc99m Adenosine Myocardial Perfusion Imaging is not due to Left Ventricular Cavity Dilation or Stunning: Comparison of Echocardiography and Myocardial Perfusion Imaging

tuberculous (2%), sarcoid (2%) andunknown (20%).Cytologywas positive in 22%of all patients tested and 94%were exudates. Procedural success was 100% with no major complications or mortality. Mean total fluid drained was 553ml with extended catheter drainage used for a mean duration of 2 (range 1–4) days. Significant recurrences were noted in 8%. Definitive therapy was chemotherapy in 29% and creation of a surgical pericardial window in 11% of patients. Conclusion:CT fluoroscopy is a safe and effective strategy for pericardiocentesis with low complication rates. It is particularly useful in high risk patients with coagulopathy and when available should be considered a first line technique in all patients that are hemodynamically stable. doi:10.1016/j.hlc.2009.05.095
MicroRNA-directed cleavage of HOXB8 mRNA

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous approximately 22-nucleotide RNAs, some of which are known to play important regulatory roles in animals by targeting the messages of protein-coding genes for translational repression. We find that miR-196, a miRNA encoded at three paralogous locations in the A, B, and C mammalian HOX clusters, has extensive, evolutionarily conserved complementarity to messages of HOXB8, HOXC8, and HOXD8. RNA fragments diagnostic of miR-196-directed cleavage of HOXB8 were detected in mouse embryos. Cell culture experiments demonstrated down-regulation of HOXB8, HOXC8, HOXD8, and HOXA7 and supported the cleavage mechanism for miR-196-directed repression of HOXB8. These results point to a miRNA-mediated mechanism for the posttranscriptional restriction of HOX gene expression during vertebrate development and demonstrate that metazoan miRNAs can repress expression of their natural targets through mRNA cleavage in addition to inhibiting productive translation.
Admissibility of the maximum likelihood estimator in the regression of two predictands on one predictor

Stein [2] has shown that the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) of the regression coefficients is admissible in unvariate regression with one predictor or with two predictors and known means. In a similar way it is shown in the present note that the MLE is admissible when there are two predictands and one predictor and the means are known.
Propagation of m=-1 mode helicon waves

Summary form only given. Helicon waves are plasma waves in the whistler frequency regime which are excited in a bounded plasma. These waves have demonstrated the capability of propagation at high plasma densities (/spl sim/10/sup 13/ cm/sup -3/) at powers less than 1 kW. While theory allows for the existence of various azimuthal modes, most experiments have produced primarily m=0, +1. However, field patterns for the m=-1 mode indicate that this mode could achieve higher centerline densities than the m/spl ges/0 modes. Theoretical and computational modelling of helicon propagation using the ANTENA code indicate the existence of a cutoff density for the m=-1 mode which is higher than the typical densities achieved in experiments. Unlike the more common 0 and +1 modes, m=-1 helicon waves are difficult to create since the mode is unable to initially create the high densities needed to maintain it. If the other modes are able to establish a density greater than the -1 cutoff, this mode can then be established. This threshhold density is exceeded in our experiments through the use of edge limiters to create a narrow, steady state high density plasma. The helicon plasma dispersion relation predicts peak plasma density will vary inversely with plasma radius.
Induced class functions are conditional expectations

The induced class function determined by a class function on a refinement subscheme of an association scheme is interpreted as the conditional expectation of a certain random variable.
Wafer-level testing with a membrane probe

The authors describe a proprietary membrane probe card that addresses the needs of testing VLSI devices at the wafer level. The membrane probe allows the testing of devices with a high pin count at operating speed, while allowing a complete package test at the wafer level. The concepts and structure of the probe are examined, and its performance is demonstrated by time-domain and frequency-domain measurements of the typical electrical characteristics of a VLSI digital probe that accesses 272 pads at a pitch of 110 mu m. Applications to a bipolar ECL (emitter-coupled logic) flash A/D (analog-to-digital) converter, a bipolar ECL D/A converter, an application-specific CMOS IC, an NMOS VLSI central processing unit, and area-array solder bumps are presented. >
Quinolone antimicrobial agents: Adverse effects and bacterial resistance

Adverse effects, drug-drug interactions and bacterial resistance to the new quinolone antimicrobial agents are reviewed. Clinical adverse effects are reported to occur in 5–10% of patients, and include primarily gastrointestinal disturbances, central nervous system toxicity and rash. Laboratory abnormalities are reported to occur in 5–12% of patients, and include mild reversible elevations of transaminases. Quinolones are not recommended in persons whose bone growth is incomplete or in pregnant or nursing women because cartilage toxicity has been observed in juvenile beagles. Drug-drug interactions may occur between quinolones and theophylline, caffeine, and magnesium- or aluminium-containing compounds such as antacids and sucralfate. Bacterial resistance occurs by chromosomal mutations which alter the target enzyme DNA gyrase or decrease drug accumulation. Emergence of resistance during therapy is uncommon to date but can be problematic in infections withPseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and other bacteria for which the therapeutic index may be low. In summary, quinolones thus far have been well tolerated, but more experience is needed to determine the exact nature and extent of adverse effects and emergence of bacterial resistance.
Plasmodium berghei: Adherence and phagocytosis by rat macrophages in vitro

Abstract Comparative studies of the adherence and phagocytosis of Plasmodium berghei using macrophages obtained from normal rats, from rats with active parasitemias, and from recently recovered rats were conducted in vitro. Preliminary data indicated that the combination of immune macrophages with immune serum was more effective in phagocytosis of parasites than either component alone and that macrophages interacted differently with parasites isolated at different stages of infection. Immune macrophages were able to entrap and ingest parasites isolated both at the early stage and at the late stage of infection. Normal macrophages, without the help of immune serum, were able to entrap and ingest only parasites isolated at the early stage of infection. Immune serum enhanced the phagocytic capability of both normal and immune macrophages.
Photoacoustic imaging of chemotherapy-induced apoptosis in squamous cell carcinoma

Anti-cancer drugs typically exert their pharmacological effect on tumors by inducing apoptosis, or programmed cell death, within the cancer cells, with PCD occurring as soon as 4 hours after treatment. Detection of apoptosis in patients could decisively report a response to treatment days or even weeks before MRI, CAT, and ultrasound indicate morphological changes in the tumor. Here we developed a novel near-infrared dye based imaging probe to directly detect apoptosis with high specificity in cancer cells by utilizing a non-invasive photoacoustic imaging technique. Nude mice bearing head and neck tumors received cisplatin chemotherapy were imaged by PAI after tail vein injection of the contrast agent. In vivo PAI indicated a strong apoptotic response to chemotherapy on the peripheral margins of tumors, whereas untreated controls showed no contrast enhancement by PAI. The apoptotic status of the mouse tumor tissue was verified by immunohistochemical techniques staining for cleaved caspase-3 p11 subunit. The results demonstrated the potential of this imaging probe to guide the evaluation of chemotherapy treatment.
The in vitro Development of Innervated Sensory Hair Cells of a Mammal

Twelfth gestation day mouse embryo otocysts with their associated statoacoustic ganglions and otic mesenchyme were explanted to "in vitro". The otocyst explants developed for seven days in organ culture. They were then fixed and studied on a light microscopic and ultrastructural level for the development of synapses. Evidence is presented that strongly suggests that afferent synapses are developing "in vitro" in the vestibular sensory epithelium studied.
The saurian malarias of Venezuela: Plasmodium species from iguanid and teiid hosts

Abstract A total of 651 iguanid and teiid lizards collected from Estados Portuguesa, Cojedes, and Guarico were found parasitized by eight Plasmodium species, one of which was undescribed. Plasmodium t. tropiduri Aragao & Neiva, 1909 parasitized Tropidurus hispidus , and P. colombiense Ayala & Spain, 1976 was found in Anolis auratus. Iguana iguana was host to P. rhadinurum Thompson & Huff, 1944 and to a new species characterized by schizonts with 6–25 nuclei, heavily pigmented when in erythrocytes. The round to oval, prominently pigmented gametocytes, which exceed the host cell nucleus in size, are more commonly found in proerythrocytes than in mature cells. Three Plasmodium species parasitized Ameiva ameiva: P. cnemidophori Carini, 1941; P. attenuatum Telford, 1973; and P. telfordi (Lainson, Landau & Shaw, 1971), the last species occurring both in pigmented and unpigmented forms. A detailed description is provided for P. minasense tegui Telford, 1979, a parasite of Tupinambis teguixin .
Long‐term cumulative effects of childcare on children's mental development and socioemotional adjustment in a non‐risk sample: the moderating effects of gender

We studied the long‐term cumulative effects of two common indices of childcare—the total number of hours of non‐maternal care and the mean hour‐weighted child‐to‐caregiver ratio per caregiving situation—on mental development and socioemotional adjustment from birth to 4.5 years old in a non‐risk middle‐class sample of girls and boys after taking into consideration child (gender and sibling status), maternal (education and concepts of child development), and family selection (socioeconomic status [SES] factors. Childcare indices did not differ in girls and boys year by year. Children experienced less non‐maternal care in their first year of life, but afterward children encountered more children in their caregiving situations in proportion to the number of caregivers. At age 4.5 years, girls scored higher on cognitive and language measures than boys, and boys exhibited more externalizing problem behaviors than girls. Hours of non‐maternal care were not a predictor of mental development or socioemotional adj...
Average values of catalyst properties in fluidized systems

Abstract The inventory of catalyst in a fluidized system may be made up of a large number of individual charges which differ in length of service. Average values of catalyst properties may be calculated if the mass and the age-dependent properties for each charge are known. An equation can be developed that describes how the mass of each age group varies with time on stream. The mass of catalyst in each age group reflects how catalyst is added and how it is lost or withdrawn. With this age-distribution function and information on how catalyst properties change with age, the average value of any given catalyst property can be calculated for a wide variety of operating conditions. Many concepts of fluidized-bed and slurry-phase operation can be unified by this method of analysis.
Indications for prehospital spinal immobilization. National Association of EMS Physicians Standards and Clinical Practice Committee.

(1999). Indications for prehospital spinal immobilization. Prehospital Emergency Care: Vol. 3, No. 3, pp. 251-253.
Friction-Induced Phase Transformations of Cu-Al During Severe Wear

Surface modification and performance depend largely on the properties of surface atoms and structures. Fundamental investigation of friction was conducted in a Cu-Al sliding system. Deformation, wear, and transfer were studied. Detailed study was focused on friction-induced phase transformations. Surface characterization was carried out using an atomic force microscope (AFM). The debris analysis was done using a transmission electron microscope (TEM). Results showed that debris formed during sliding were amorphous. On the wear track, there is indication of surface melting and hardening. This presentation will discuss wear mechanisms involved in oxidation and property-performance of metallic materials.Copyright © 2005 by ASME