cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Can Humor Prediction Datasets be used for Humor Generation? Humorous Headline Generation via Style Transfer

Understanding and identifying humor has been increasingly popular, as seen by the number of datasets created to study humor. However, one area of humor research, humor generation, has remained a difficult task, with machine generated jokes failing to match human-created humor. As many humor prediction datasets claim to aid in generative tasks, we examine whether these claims are true. We focus our experiments on the most popular dataset, included in the 2020 SemEval’s Task 7, and teach our model to take normal text and “translate” it into humorous text. We evaluate our model compared to humorous human generated headlines, finding that our model is preferred equally in A/B testing with the human edited versions, a strong success for humor generation, and is preferred over an intelligent random baseline 72% of the time. We also show that our model is assumed to be human written comparable with that of the human edited headlines and is significantly better than random, indicating that this dataset does indeed provide potential for future humor generation systems.
Construct Validation of Experimental Manipulations in Social Psychology: Current Practices and Recommendations for the Future:

Experimental manipulations in social psychology must exhibit construct validity by influencing their intended psychological constructs. Yet how do experimenters in social psychology attempt to establish the construct validity of their manipulations? Following a preregistered plan, we coded 348 experimental manipulations from the 2017 issues of the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. Representing a reliance on "on-the-fly" experimentation, the vast majority of these manipulations were created ad hoc for a given study and were not previously validated before implementation. A minority of manipulations had their construct validity evaluated by pilot testing before implementation or via a manipulation check. Of the manipulation checks administered, most were face valid, single-item self-reports, and only a few met criteria for "true" validation. In aggregate, roughly two fifths of manipulations relied solely on face validity. To the extent that they are representative of the field, these results suggest that best practices for validating manipulations are not commonplace-a potential contributor to replicability issues. These issues can be remedied by validating manipulations before implementation using validated manipulation checks, standardizing manipulation protocols, estimating the size and duration of manipulations' effects, and estimating each manipulation's effects on multiple constructs within the target nomological network.
Catalytic hydrogenation enabled by ligand-based storage of hydrogen

Biology employs exquisite control over proton, electron, H-atom, or H2 transfer. Similar control in synthetic systems has the potential to facilitate efficient and selective catalysis. Here we report a dihydrazonopyrrole Ni complex where an H2 equivalent can be stored on the ligand periphery without metal-based redox changes and can be leveraged for catalytic hydrogenations. Kinetic and computational analysis suggests ligand hydrogenation proceeds by H2 association followed by H-H scission. This complex is an unusual example where a synthetic system can mimic biology's ability to mediate H2 transfer via secondary coordination sphere-based processes.
Developing a sense of self-reliance: caregivers of infants with single-ventricle heart disease during the interstage period.

BACKGROUND Caring for infants after the first-stage palliative surgery for single-ventricle heart disease bring challenges beyond the usual parenting responsibilities. Current studies fail to capture the nuances of caregivers' experiences during the most critical "interstage" period between the first and second surgery. OBJECTIVES To explore the perceptions of caregivers about their experiences while transitioning to caregiver roles, including the successes and challenges associated with caregiving during the interstage period. METHODS Constructivist Grounded Theory methodology guided the collection and analysis of data from in person or telephonic interviews with caregivers after their infants underwent the first-stage palliative surgery for single-ventricle heart disease, and were sent to home for 2-4 months before returning for their second surgery. Symbolic interactionism informed data analyses and interpretation. RESULTS Our sample included 14 parents, who were interviewed 1-2 times between November, 2019 and July, 2020. Most patients were mothers (71%), Latinx (64%), with household incomes <$30K (42%). Data analysis led to the development of a Grounded Theory called Developing a Sense of Self-Reliance with three categories: (1) Owning caregiving responsibilities despite grave fears, (2) Figuring out how "to make it work" in the interstage period, and (3) Gaining a sense of self-reliance. CONCLUSIONS Parents transitioned to caregiver roles by developing a sense of self-reliance and, in the process, gained self-confidence and decision-making skills. Our study responded to the key research priority from the AHA Scientific Statement to address the knowledge gap in home monitoring for interstage infants through qualitative research design.
Electronic Speed Control

A second generation automotive speed control system using electronic circuits to perform the necessary logic and memory functions is described. Important considerations, such as performance and environmental factors, are discussed in relation to their design implications. Component function and system operation are covered using generalized circuit concepts. The unique Philco-Ford electronic speed control system is described in detail.
On Dark Energy, Weyl’s Geometry and Different Derivations of the Vacuum Energy Density

Two different derivations of the observed vacuum energy density are presented. One is based on a class of proper and novel generalizations of the (Anti) de Sitter solutions in terms of a family of radial functions R(r) that provides an explicit formula for the cosmological constant along with a natural explanation of the ultraviolet/ infrared ( UV/IR) entanglement required to solve this problem.....
Naïve Rules Do Not Consider Underlying Causality

Naive association rules may result if the underlying causality of the rules is not considered. The greatest impact on the decision value quality of association rules may come from treating association rules as causal statements without understanding whether there is, in fact, underlying causality. A complete knowledge of all possible factors (i.e., states, events, constraints) might lead to a crisp description of whether an effect will occur. However, it is unlikely that all possible factors can be known. Commonsense understanding and reasoning accepts imprecision, uncertainty and imperfect knowledge. The events in an event/effect complex may be incompletely known; as well as, what constraints and laws the complex is subject to. Usually, commonsense reasoning is more successful in reasoning about a few large-grain sized events than many fine-grained events. A satisficing solution would be to develop large-grained solutions and only use the finer-grain when the impreciseness of the large-grain is unsatisfactory.
Noninvasive detection of Helicobacter pylori infection in clinical practice: the 13C urea breath test.

Objectives : To validate the 13 C urea breath test for the detection of Helicobacter pylori infection both before and after treatment. Methods : 13 C urea breath tests with 125-mg and 250-mg doses were carried out on each of 60 infected and 60 noninfected subjects. Results were compared with histological examination of gastric biopsies to establish detection limits. The best cut-off point was used in a clinical trial of the efficacy of the breath test in duodenal ulcer patients before and after antimicrobial therapy. The incremental increase (percentage, δ over baseline in U of δ/mil) in respiratory 13 CO 2 abundance was associated with histological evidence of H.pylori. Outpatient, tertiary care medical center, and secondary and primary care facilities were included. One hundred twenty healthy asymptomatic subjects and 465 patients with duodenal ulcer disease were studied. The test kit assessed repeatability of breath sample collection and storage and stability of stored samples. Test performance was analyzed by comparison of 125-mg and 250-mg 13 C urea with measurements at 30 and 40 min postdose. The test was used to diagnose active H. pylori infection and gauge success of antimicrobial therapy. Results : The test kit results were highly reproducible. The cut-off values were higher with 250-mg compared with 125-mg doses of 13 C urea and 40 min compared with 30 min. Using a 125-mg 13 C urea and test detection limit of 2.4% at 30 min, the accuracy was 94.8 (95% confidence interval = 92-97%) before antimicrobial therapy and 95.4% (95% confidence interval = 91-98%) after. An increase of 2.4% in the abundance of breath 13 CO 2 measured 30 min after a 125-mg dose of 13 C urea reliably indicated the presence of active H. pylori infection either before or after antimicrobial therapy. The 13 C urea breath test provides a simple and reliable and noninvasive method of assessing H. pylori status.
Data Safety Monitoring Boards

All clinical trials require safety monitoring, but not all trials require monitoring by an independent group external to the trial sponsors and investigators. Data safety monitoring board (DSMB) is a group of independent individuals with relevant expertise that reviews accumulating data on routine basis from one or more ongoing trials. DSMB monitors the safety of trial participants as well as the validity and scientific merit of the trial. DSMBs are generally established for large, randomized multicenter trials that evaluate interventions intended to prolong life or reduce risk of a major adverse health outcomes. Appointment of independent members to DSMB without any conflict of interest is of paramount importance because it promotes objectivity and reduction of potential bias thus increasing the credibility of trial’s conclusions.
A novel approach to detecting a regime shift in a lake ecosystem

Summary 1. Certain classes of change in the characteristics of an ecosystem, labelled regime shifts, have been observed in marine and freshwater ecosystems world-wide. Few tools, however, have been offered to detect and identify regime shifts in time-series data. 2. We use a novel approach based on tools taken from the world of statistics, and econometrics to examine the occurrence of a regime shift in the predatory zooplankton population of Lake Kinneret, Israel. The tools are a free-knot spline mean function estimation method and a Markov-switching vector autoregression model. 3. Our approach detected, with high probability, the occurrence of a regime shift in the zooplankton population in the early to mid-1990s. This was in-line with expectations based on similar events observed in the lake. 4. The suggested approach is a step forward from existing approaches in that it does not require any pre-determent of threshold values but rather relies on a hidden underlying stochastic process that yields probabilities of regime shifts. Thus, it can therefore be applied without introducing any prior biases into the analysis. The approach is, therefore, an objective method in detecting the likely occurrence of a regime shift.
Cinematic Cold War: The American and Soviet Struggle for Hearts and Minds Tony Shaw and Denise J. Youngblood. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2010.

Cinematic Cold War: The American and Soviet Struggle for Hearts and Minds Tony Shaw and Denise J. Youngblood. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2010.The Cold War involved much more than guns and nuclear warheads. Cinematic Cold War insightfully explores how the United States and the Soviet Union waged this global struggle on the movie screens. In this "first comparative study of Soviet and American film during the Cold War" (4), Tony Shaw and Denise J. Youngblood elucidate the changing representations of enemy and ally by dissecting a select body of filmic narratives. The coverage includes familiar and obscure films-all of them provocative and fascinating.The authors begin with a brief historical overview of the US and Soviet film industries. Following this is a study of films from the early Cold War era. This "darkest period" (65) of bipolar conflict gave rise to a body of "hard-line negative propaganda" (18) that mounted hostile portraits of the enemy. Therefore, Soviet films like The Meeting on the Elbe presented American soldiers as drunk and corrupt, while Hollywood's Man on a Tightrope treated communism in Eastern Europe as an oppressive force. The 1950s came with "soft-core, positive propaganda" (18) that boasted the best aspects of society. The US celebrated individual freedom and material affluence with Roman Holiday, the Soviets beautified industrial work and crossclass interactions by way of Spring of Zarechnaya Street.Clear-cut binaries of "positive" and "negative" diminished in the ensuing two decades. Mikhail Romm's visually elegant Nine Days in One Year etched a bleak portrait of Soviet nuclear science as a trio of atomic physicists suffers from torn private lives and decaying physical health. Americans critiqued the nuclear arms race through Fail Safe, which advanced a doomsday scenario stemming from a small technical glitch in the safeguard system. In Bananas, Woody Allen mocked the US national security establishment (as well as freewheeling youth protesters) and its tendency to align with Latin American dictatorships.Black-and-white portraits of friend and foe returned to the screens in the 1980s as part of the "New" Cold War. The Russians catapulted "negative" propaganda such as Incident at Map Grid 36-80, which not only dignified the men in uniform-as did Brezhnev-era films like Officers-but also caricatured the American navy as incompetent and even out of control. Americans played offense with Rambo: First Blood Part II, which showcased Sylvester Stallone's lone crusade in Vietnam against a united North Vietnamese-Russian front. …
Bringing the State Back In

Book reviewed in this article: Culture and Society in New Order Indonesia. Virginia Matheson Hooker, ed. Kuala Lumpur: Oxford University Press, 1993. 302 pp. Dissociated Identities: Ethnicity, Religion, and Class in an Indonesian Society. Rita Smith Kipp. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1993. 320 pp.
Distinctiveness-based stereotype threat and the moderating role of coaction contexts

Abstract Two experiments, using computer avatars, examined the role of coaction contexts (competition versus cooperation) in distinctiveness-based stereotype threat. In Experiment 1, African-American participants performed an anagram-solving task with two ostensible coactors either in a high-distinctiveness (participant being a numerical minority with two Caucasian coactors) or in a low-distinctiveness (racial-cues absent with silhouette-image avatars) environment; coaction contexts were structured either in terms of competition or in terms of cooperation. Participants situated in the high-distinctiveness environment performed better when they engaged in cooperation than in competition whereas those in the low-distinctive environment did not show a significant difference. In Experiment 2, which was conducted to replicate and extend Experiment 1 with a different social category/domain, females took a mathematics test with two ostensible coactors. Whereas the competition versus cooperation difference was not significant among participants placed in a low-distinctiveness (female-majority or all-female) environment, participants situated in a high-distinctiveness (female-minority) environment showed significantly lower levels of stereotype-associated concerns and better performance on the math test in cooperation than in competition. Our findings suggest that distinctiveness-based stereotype threat is less likely to occur when the context of group performance is framed as cooperation as opposed to competition.
Repair of thoracic aneurysms, with special emphasis on the preoperative work-up.

The anesthetic approach to the patient with a thoracic aortic aneurysm depends on the urgency of repair. Symptomatic patients with leaking aneurysms require urgent intervention, and there is genera...
Geothermal Vents and Chemical Processing: The Infrared Spectroscopy of Hydrothermal Reactions

Water at high pressure and high temperature (hydrothermal conditions) is prevalent in geochemistry and may have contributed to the origin of life. On the practical side, hydrothermal methods are us...
The social roots of the dream

Historically, current dream theory arose in close connection with the problem of therapy. Its development has been weighted in the direction of sharpening its therapeutic efficacy. Increasing knowledge of the sleep-waking cycle suggests the need for changes in one direction—namely, clarification of the biological adaptive role of the dream. The developing interest of anthropologists and the usefulness of the dream in studies of culture and personality suggest the need to orient further investigation along the line of a greater concern with the potential of the dream as a tool with which to extend our knowledge of the molding influences of the social and cultural milieu of the individual. Current anthropological investigations relating to the manifest dream content are reviewed and their implications for psychoanalytic theory and practice are discussed.
MALDI mass spectrometry analysis of high molecular weight proteins from whole bacterial cells : Pretreatment of samples with surfactants

The use of surfactants as additives in conjunction with on-probe whole cell bacterial protein analysis employing MALDI-TOF-MS is described. Nonionic and zwitterionic surfactants were used to enhance the detection of high molecular weight proteins. Three nonionic, N-octyl-B-D-glactopyranoside, N-decyl-B-D-maltopyranoside, and N-dodecyl-B-D-maltoside, and two zwitterionic surfactants, N,N-dimethyldodecylamine-N-oxide and zwittergent 3–12 were evaluated with five different MALDI matrix systems. New peaks in the mass range of 2 to 80 kDa were produced with all of the various combinations of matrix and surfactant from both whole cell gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Ferulic acid used in conjunction with a 1. 0 mM solution of N-octyl-B-D-glactopyranoside produced the highest quality spectra with high signal to noise ratios and peaks up to 140 kDa.
Phytic Acid as a Phosphorus Reservoir in the Developing Potato Tuber

PHYTIC acid is present in the mature potato tuber, as a mixture of dicalcium monomagnesium salts of inositol hexa- and penta-phosphoric acids1,2. The present communication provides information on the effect of maturity and post-harvest storage temperature on the phytic acid content of the potato tuber. Table 1 shows that the phytic acid phosphorus content of freshly harvested tubers increases with increasing maturity, but does not change greatly on subsequent storage at either 25° or 0°. Table 1 also shows that the percentage of total phosphorus present as phytic acid increases with increasing maturity, especially during later stages of development. Thus two-thirds of the increase in phosphorus content per 100 gm. of tuber observed between 80 and 102 days after planting appears as phytic acid phosphorus, whereas at earlier stages of development the incoming phosphorus is preferentially incorporated into starch3. Between two-thirds and four-fifths of the total organically bound acid-soluble phosphorus is present in the tuber as phytic acid phosphorus3. Although the phytic acid contributes a substantial portion of the total phosphorus of the tuber, its concentration in tubers amounts to less than 0.1 per cent of the fresh weight of the tuber.
The ADP Release Step of the Smooth Muscle Cross-Bridge Cycle Is Not Directly Associated with Force Generation

When smooth muscle myosin subfragment 1 (S1) is bound to actin filaments in vitro, the light chain domain tilts upon release of MgADP, producing a approximately 3.5-nm axial motion of the head-rod junction (Whittaker et al., 1995. Nature. 378:748-751). If this motion contributes significantly to the power stroke, rigor tension of smooth muscle should decrease substantially in response to cross-bridge binding of MgADP. To test this prediction, we monitored mechanical properties of permeabilized strips of chicken gizzard muscle in rigor and in the presence of MgADP. For comparison, we also tested psoas and soleus muscle fibers. Any residual bound ADP was minimized by incubation in Mg2+-free rigor solution containing 15 mM EDTA. The addition of 2 mM MgADP, while keeping ionic strength and free Mg2+ concentration constant, resulted in a slight increase in rigor tension in both gizzard and soleus muscles, but a decrease in psoas muscle. In-phase stiffness monitored during small (<0.1%) 500-Hz sinusoidal length oscillations decreased in all three muscle types when MgADP was added. The changes in force and stiffness with the addition of MgADP were similar at ionic strengths from 50 to 200 mM and were reversible. The results with gizzard muscle were similar after thiophosphorylation of the regulatory light chain of myosin. These results suggest that the axial motion of smooth muscle S1 bound to actin, upon dissociation of MgADP, is not associated with force generation. The difference between the present mechanical data and previous structural studies of smooth S1 may be explained if geometrical constraints of the intact contractile filament array alter the motions of the myosin heads.
China's space policy — a historical review

Abstract The political and economic climate in China has changed often and wildly since the country's space programme was founded. Nevertheless the programme has remained remarkably stable and achieved major successes. This article traces the programme's history in the context of the four major periods through which it has lived and offers an explanation of why and how it has survived so well: high-level government support, international prestige and committed personnel. The recent Tiananmen turmoil has not dimmed its progress and the programme looks set both to advance its space commercialization efforts in the short term and to develop a manned capability in the long term.
Soot inception temperature and the carbonization rate of precursor particles

The critical temperature for soot formation in diffusion flames has been the subject of prior measurements by various investigators. More recently, the presence of soot precursor particles in a variety of diffusion flames has been recognized, and the Arrhenius reaction rate constants for their conversion to carbonaceous soot have been reported. In this work the prediction of the soot inception temperature using the recent carbonization reaction rate data is investigated when temperature increases linearly with time. The temperature gradient and the detection sensitivity to the initial soot formation are two factors accommodated by the method of prediction. A good correlation is obtained between the predicted soot inception temperatures and the values previously measured by several investigators for eight hydrocarbon fuels of diverse molecular structures. Both the temperature gradient and the detection sensitivity of the experiments to the initial soot formation are significant differences among the several test protocols. The ability to predict the soot inception temperatures in diffusion flames for the wide range hydrocarbon fuels by means of the Arrhenius rate data are discussed.
Modification of a commercial automatic alpha counter for 2-π alpha counting

Abstract A 2-π proportional counting chamber is substituted for the end-window chamber in an automatic α/β counter, to achieve automated α-counting without sacrificing the efficiency and accuracy offered by manually operated 2-π proportional counters. A 2-π chamber was fitted with a thin metal base plate with a hole in the center. Appropriate sample inserts were made, and a mechanism was fabricated for raising the sample insert flush with the hole. A manifold and solenoids mounted in a double-wide NIM module are used to control counter gas purging of the chamber and normal gas flow during counting. The counter operations are controlled by modified logic circuits, also located in the module. During ca. 8 months of operation, the system has performed well.
Intersecting polyhedra with successive planes

Abstract An algorithm that computes the intersections of a set of non-overlapping arbitrary polyhedra with a series of planes is described. Each succeeding plane intersection is computed using information from the preceding intersection. Only changes to the preceding intersection are considered, making testing of the polyhedra minimal. Successions of intersecting planes that are translations of one another and those that are rotations of one another are considered.
Effects of Transition Length on the Perception of Stop Consonants by Children and Adults.

The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether children with normal linguistic skills demonstrate increasing developmental changes in their perception of place of articulation for stop ...
Efficacy of the indirect approach for estimating structural equation models with missing data: A comparison of five methods

Incomplete or missing data are routinely encountered in structural equation problems. Although current literature supports the use of a direct approach for modeling the missing values in a structural equation model, many situations are not applicable for the effective use of this approach. This leaves the use of an indirect approach for dealing with missing information. There is a general lack of knowledge regarding the efficacy of the use of the indirect approach in structural equation modeling. This article assesses the efficacy of five indirect methods for estimating parameters in a structural equation model with various levels of missing data.
Griseofulvin therapy in tinea capitis.

Summary 1. The oral treatment of tinea capitis due to M. audouini or M. canis was studied in 58 patients. 2. Griseofulvin was given orally in doses ranging from 250 mg twice a day to 500 mg. 4 times a day, depending on the weight of the patient and the severity of the fungus infection. 3. Patients were carefully followed with serial Wood's light examinations and cultures to observe the therapeutic effect of griseofulvin, and with urinalyses, serial blood counts, and hepatic and renal function tests to determine its possible toxicity. 4. Griseofulvin proved uniformly effective, achieving eradication of the fungus infection in all 58 cases included in this study. 5. The only adverse reactions observed were 9 cases of transient leukopenia, 8 of which rebounded during therapy and 1 following its discontinuation, 2 cases of transient maculopapular rash, and 1 case of temporary headache.
Determination of microbial DNA base pair ratios by agar gel electrophoresis.

SummaryThe determination of DNA base pair ratios has been described using a rapid agar-gel electrophoresis method for the separation of DNA bases obtained from formic acid hydrolyzates. The actual mol % G + C values calculated from spectrophotometric data on the electrophoretically separated bases compared favorably with values obtained by thermal denaturation or buoyant density determinations on separate aliquots of the same DNA.
A new hypothesis: imatinib affects leukemic stem cells in the same way it affects all other leukemic cells.

In this article, two arguments will be provided, based on both clinical data and mathematical insights on the dynamics of the leukemic cell population, to highlight the substantial effect that imatinib also seems to have on the leukemic stem cells (LSCs). The hypothesis proposed here is that imatinib may be able to affect the LSCs in the same way it affects all other leukemic cells, that is, by inhibiting their proliferation and consequently causing them to reach their life span and die out. This is, indeed, the general consensus on the effect that the drug has on leukemic non-stem cells.1, 2, 3, 4 In fact, the different lifespans in the hierarchical structure of the leukemic cell population can explain the seemingly different (short-term) outcomes observed among the various types of leukemic cells under imatinib, rather than a differential effect of the drug on them. The latter has been a typical point of view expressed in the literature on chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), see, for example, Sloma et al.2 I believe this represents an example of the usefulness of combining mathematical modeling with the experimental and clinical data to obtain a deeper understanding of the biological system under consideration and its dynamics.
Case study reclaimed the greener way: a proposed supply chain model for the reclaimed lumber industry.

Thanks to the strategic priorities of the current federal administration, discussions about green management are a popular trend in the business community. Increasing efficiency, limiting energy consumption, and reducing waste internally as well as along the supply chain has been one way that managers have addressed â€œgoing green.â€ Some examples include front-to-back printing and stringent recycling efforts. For the lumber industry, going green is not as easy as changing how employees print or recycle plastic bottles, especially since one of the main resources in the lumber industry is wood. In this regard, the authors discuss a proposed supply chain model to reduce intra-process shipments, improve raw material acquisition and usage, and improve production yields through repurposing of the wood by-product created during the manufacture of reclaimed, wood-based products. The proposed model also suggests that entrepreneurial efforts could lead the way in innovating how wood by-products can be used to create disruptive methods that could lead to new wood based businesses.
On the criteria of active transport.

Abstract The phenomenological aspects of inclusion of effects of chemical reactions on diffusion currents are discussed. Formal statistical expressions for systems with chemical reactions inside an anisotropic membrane consistent with hydrodynamic equations are derived. The properties of a multicomponent system with chemical reactions are expressed in terms of the properties of an identical system with no chemical reaction. A critical appraisal of the state of the theories including Kedem's criteria of active transport is presented. The relationship between metabolic energy and active transport is analyzed and an explanation based on partial heat of transport is presented. The considerations are shown to be consistent with our proposed explanation of active transport, which was based on consideration of intercorrelation of fluxes, changes in iso-thermal perturbations of pair interactions, and the effects of localized charges on the magnitude and direction of flux of a specified kind of ion.
The Beethoven Sonatas and the Creative Experience

Preface 1. The First Raptus, and All Subsequent Ones *The Sounds of Involvement 2. Technique as Touch 3. Tempo and the Pacing of Musical Ideas 4. Dynamic Nuance and Musical Line 5. The Role of Silence 6. Sound as Color *The Sonatas 7. Descriptive Music: Op.81a, Op.13 8. Motivic Development: Op.2 No.1, Op.57, Op.110 9. Quasi una Fantasia: Op.27 Nos.1 and 2, Op.26 10. Line and Space: Op. 2 No.2, Op 101 11. Movement as Energized Colour: Op.53 12. The Moment of Creation: Op.28, Op.31 Nos.2 and 3 13. Facing Two Directions: Op.49 Nos.1 and 2, Op.54, Op. 78, Op. 90 14. The Enjoyment of Fluency: Op.10 Nos.2 and 3, Op. 14 No. 2, Op.22, Op.31 No.1, Op.79 15. The Cosmopolitan Impostor: Op.2 No.3, Op.14 No.1 16. Embracing the Dachstein: Op. 7, Op. 106 17. A Higher Revelation: Op.10 No.1, Op.109, Op.111 18. The Witness Tree *Notes
Dichloroacetate‐ and trichloroacetate‐induced phagocytic activation and production of oxidative stress in the hepatic tissues of mice after acute exposure

Dichoroacetate (DCA) and trichloroacetate (TCA) are by-products formed during chlorination of the drinking water and were found to be hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic in rodents. In this study, the abilities of the compounds to induce oxidative stress and phagocytic activation have been studied in B6C3F1 mice. Groups of mice were administered 300 mg/kg of either DCA or TCA, p.o, and were sacrificed after 6 or 12 h. Peritoneal lavage cells (PLCs) were isolated and assayed for superoxide anion (SA) production, and hepatic tissues were assayed for the production of SA, lipid peroxidation (LP), and DNA-single strand breaks (SSBs). TCA resulted in significant production of SA in the PLCs, and in the production of SA, LP, and DNA-SSBs in the hepatic tissues, 12 h after dosing, as compared with the control. DCA administration, on the other hand, resulted in significant increases in the productions of LP and DNA-SSBs in the hepatic tissues at both time points, and in SA production in PLCs and hepatic tissues, 6 h after dosing. However, DCA-induced increases in SA production in PLC and hepatic tissues declined at the 12-h time point, reaching control level in the hepatic tissues. These results may implicate the contribution of phagocytic activation to the induction of oxidative stress in the hepatic tissues and also the role of SA production in the induction of LP and/or DNA damage in those tissues, in response to the compounds. The results also suggest studying the involvement of these mechanisms in the long-term hepatotoxicity/hepatocarcinogencity of the compounds. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 22:27–34, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.20210
Protective action of taurine, given as a pretreatment or as a posttreatment, against endotoxin-induced acute lung inflammation in hamsters

To assess the effect of taurine on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lung inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis, female Golden Syrian hamsters were intratracheally instilled with bacterial LPS (0.02 mg in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) pH 7.4), before or after a 3-day intraperitoneal treatment with a single dose of taurine (50 mg/kg/day in PBS pH 7.4), and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissue samples were collected at 24 hr after the last treatment. In comparison to BALF samples from animals receiving only PBS pH 7.4, and serving as controls, those of LPS-stimulated animals exhibited a higher count of both total leukocytes and neutrophils and increased expression of tumor necrosis factor receptor 1. In comparison to lungs from control animals, those from LPS-treated animals showed increased cellular apoptosis, lipid peroxidation, decreased glutathione levels, altered activities of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase) and focal inflammation confined to the parenchyma. A treatment with taurine was found to significantly attenuate all these alterations, with the protection being, in all instances, greater when given before rather than after LPS. The present results suggest that taurine is endowed with antiinflammatory and antioxidant properties that are protective in the lung against the deleterious actions of Gram negative bacterial endotoxin.
Gyroresonance interactions in the outer plasmasphere

Abstract Based on energy and pitch angle anisotropy considerations taken together, it is demonstrated theoretically that the equatorial plane of the outer plasmasphere is a favoured region for the occurrence of gyroresonance interactions between energetic electrons and whistler mode radiation. Electrons of ~tens of keV and anisotropy > 0.3 can become unstable to the cyclotron instability at 3 kHz if the cold plasma density exceeds 10 2 cm −3 . Some experimental results, which may be interpreted in this manner, are cited.
Separation and identification of picogram levels of dioxins and PCBs by GC/cryogenic trapping FTIR

Capillary gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) has routinely been used by the analytical chemist to separate and identify low levels of environmentally important compounds. A GC/Cryogenic Trapping Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (Tracer) provides the sensitivity of the GC/MS with the added capability of differentiating between compounds of the same mass. In this work, the Tracer was utilized to study low levels of six Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs), eight Chlorinated Dibenzo-p-Doxins and Norflurazon. In all cases, picogram levels of these compounds were easily detected from `on the fly' generated IR chromatograms. Since the separated compounds eluting from the capillary column are cryogenically trapped onto a moving liquid nitrogen cooled ZnSe crystal, excellent signal-to- noise spectra of these same compounds may be collected after the run by returning to the same areas of deposition and signal averaging.
Detection of Class-Specific Antibodies of Pemphigus Vulgaris Using a Solid Phase Radioimmunoassay

A sensitive solid phase radioimmunoassay was developed to detect class-specific pemphigus antibodies. COLO-16, a cell line derived from a human squamous cell carcinoma of the skin, was used as the substrate, since this cell line has been shown by indirect immunofluorescence to bind IgG antibodies in sera from patients with pemphigus vulgaris, but not from those with bullous pemphigoid. IgG antibodies to COLO-16 were significantly greater in sera from 17/24 patients ( p p in vitro .
PKC-δ inhibition does not block preconditioning-induced preservation in mitochondrial ATP synthesis and infarct size reduction in rats

We have previously demonstrated that cardioprotection induced by the infusion of a selective δ1-opioid agonist is mediated by the specific translocation of PKC-δ to the mitochondria in in vivo rat hearts and via opening of the mitochondrial KATP channel. Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) is also thought to involve the translocation of specific isoforms of PKC and KATP channel activation. Therefore, we utilized the PKC-δ selective antagonist, rottlerin, to assess the effect of inhibition of this isozyme on cardioprotection induced by one-cycle of IPC prior to 30 minutes of ischemia and 2 hours of reperfusion. Infarct size (IS) was determined by tetrazolium chloride staining and expressed as a percent of the area at risk (AAR). Non-preconditioned control animals had an IS/AAR of 59.7 ± 1.6. IPC significantly reduced the extent of myocardial infarction (6.3 ± 1.4). Rottlerin, 0.3 mg/kg, did not alter IS/AAR in control animals (55.0 ± 5.6), and had no significant effect on IS/AAR in preconditioned animals (14.4 ± 3.8). Additionally, we demonstrated, using a luciferase-based assay to determine the rate of ATP synthesis and state of mitochondrial bioenergetics, that IPC preserves ATP synthesis in the ischemic myocardium and that this preservation is attenuated by the isoform non-selective PKC inhibitor, chelerythrine, but not by the δ-selective antagonist, rottlerin. These data suggest that PKC-δ does not play an important role in IPC and that differences in isoform importance are evident during pharmacological versus ischemia-induced preconditioning.
Reintegrating Ethics and Institutional Theories.

Organizational ethics and institutional theories are extended by recovering Weberian and Pre-Weberian theorizing that emphasized the joining of ethics and institutional theories. Understanding how ethics and institutional systems influence each other can advance our understanding of the nature and causes of structural organizational ethics issues and help guide potential reforms. We consider the interplay of these elements during the recession of 2008–2009, highlighting how structural ethics problems may have to be addressed at the institutional levels and not solely the individual or organizational levels.
The effect of electrical conduction of Si 3 N 4 on the discharge of MNOS memory transistors

It is proposed that the discharge of MNOS memory devices proceeds through a combination of direct tunneling from charge traps in the silicon nitride into the silicon, and charge migration through the nitride by a series of Poole-Frenkel emission-drift-capture events. The discharge of MNOS transistors calculated from this model by computer agrees well with experimental data taken at elevated temperatures on SOS/MNOS devices with LPCVD nitrides. Parameter values used indicate a very low value of electron mobility. The discharge rate at elevated temperatures is predicted to be sensitive to whether the silicon under the gate is in accumulation or depletion during the discharge.
Parallel phase Ib studies of two schedules of buparlisib (BKM120) plus carboplatin and paclitaxel (q21 days or q28 days) for patients with advanced solid tumors

Purpose Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase I (PI3K) inhibition sensitizes a wide range of cancer cell lines to platinum/taxane-based chemotherapy. This phase I study combines buparlisib, a pan-class 1A PI3K inhibitor, with two schedules of carboplatin and paclitaxel for patients with advanced solid tumors (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01297452).
Social constructionism in the counselling context

Abstract Social Constructionism (SC), with its redefinition of social realities as constitued through discourse, and its challenges to traditional notions of a stable and essentialized self, carries sweeping implications for applied psychology. My aim in this paper is to clarity the basic agenda of SC, and to suggest that a judicious cross-fertilization with concepts and procedures originating in constructivist forms of psychotherapy can provide a useful and relevant frame for counselling practice
Induction Motor Speed Control with Static Inverter in the Rotor

A speed regulating scheme using a wound rotor induction motor and a static synchronous inverter is investigated. The purpose of the inverter is to receive the slip power from the rotor and to deliver it to the ac line.
HUMAN WHOLENESS IN LIGHT OF FIVE TYPES OF PSYCHIC DUALITY

. Five types of psychic duality are distinguished: bipolarity, bimodality, contrariety, dualism, and the coincidentia op–positorurn. Bipolarity is the basic division of the psyche into egoic and nonegoic (physico–dynamic) poles. Bimodality is the division of egoic functioning into active and receptive modes. Contrariety is the division of the nonegoic sphere into opposing sympathetic and parasympathetic systems. Dualism is the organization imposed upon the bipolar structure by primal repression. And the coincidentia opositorum is the condition of psychic integration that would emerge were dualism to be transcended and the bipolar structure (together with the bimodal and contrarietal structures) unified into a higher whole.
Aspects of alcoholics' self-concepts as measured by the Tennessee Self-Concept Scale.

The Tennessee Self-concept Scale was administered to 140 male alcoholics when they voluntarily entered the 60-day Alcoholic Treatment Program at the Lexington, Kentucky, Veterans Administration Hos...
Carbon dioxide flux as affected by tillage and irrigation in soil converted from perennial forages to annual crops

Among greenhouse gases, carbon dioxide (CO2) is one of the most significant contributors to regional and global warming as well as climatic change. A field study was conducted to (i) determine the effect of soil characteristics resulting from changes in soil management practices on CO2 flux from the soil surface to the atmosphere in transitional land from perennial forages to annual crops, and (ii) develop empirical relationships that predict CO2 flux from soil temperature and soil water content. The CO2 flux, soil temperature (Ts), volumetric soil water content (θv) were measured every 1–2 weeks in no-till (NT) and conventional till (CT) malt barley and undisturbed soil grass-alfalfa (UGA) systems in a Lihen sandy loam soil (sandy, mixed, frigid Entic Haplustoll) under irrigated and non-irrigated conditions in western North Dakota. Soil air-filled porosity (e) was calculated from total soil porosity and θv measurements. Significant differences in CO2 fluxes between land management practices (irrigation and tillage) were observed on some measurement dates. Higher CO2 fluxes were detected in CT plots than in NT and UGA treatments immediately after rainfall or irrigation. Soil CO2 fluxes increased with increasing soil moisture (R2=0.15, P<0.01) while an exponential relationship was found between CO2 emission and Ts (R2=0.59). Using a stepwise regression analysis procedure, a significant multiple regression equation was developed between CO2 flux and θv, Ts (CO2flux=e-3.477+0.123Ts+6.381θvflux=e-3.477+0.123Ts+6.381θv; R2=0.68, P⩽0.01). Not surprisingly, soil temperature was a driving factor in the equation, which accounted for approximately 59% in variation of CO2 flux. It was concluded that less intensive tillage, such as no-till or strip tillage, along with careful irrigation management will reduce soil CO2 evolution from land being converted from perennial forages to annual crops.
The Mechanism of the Anti-Tumor Activity of the Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor, Suberoylanilide Hydroxamic Acid (SAHA)

Histone deacetylases (HDAC) are ubiquitously distributed through chromatin. Nevertheless HDAC inhibitors (HDACi), such as SAHA, selectively alter the transcription of as few as 2-5% of expressed genes in various transformed cells. p21(WAF1) is one of the most commonly induced genes in cells cultured with SAHA. Understanding the mechanism of the selective effects of the HDACi is a challenging problem. Gui et al. have identified effects of SAHA on p21(WAF1) promotor associated proteins that explain, at least in part, the selective effects of HDAC in altering gene expression.
Female tactics to reduce sexual harassment in the Sumatran orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus abelii)

Orangutan males demonstrate intrasexual di- morphism with corresponding alternative mating strate- gies. Sexual harassment is the predominant feature of the mating strategy that subadult males pursue. This study investigated the countertactics that females employ to re- duce sexual harassment by subadult males. I observed 207 copulations during more than 9,000 h of focal fol- lows of wild Sumatran orangutans at the Suaq Balimbing Research Station over a 23-month period. Rates of copu- lations initiated by subadult males increased during months of high fruit abundance, and most mating at- tempts were directed toward females with weaned in- fants. Simultaneous harassment by multiple subadult males increased significantly during months of high fruit abundance, and nearly all adult female-adult male con- sortships occurred during periods of high fruit abun- dance. Females who maintained spatial association with adult males, either via consortship or by nonmating tem- porary parties, received lower rates of harassment, as measured by the success rate of subadult male mating at- tempts. Adult female-adult male parties did not always result in mating between the associating dyad. Female initiation of protective services by adult males is one so- cial tactic that female orangutans employ to reduce sexu- al harassment. Females therefore receive direct services from adult males, which may be one factor that influenc- es female mate choice in Sumatran orangutans.
Inverse Opal Structure of Nitrogen‐Doped Titanium Oxide with Enhanced Visible‐Light Photocatalytic Activity

Nitrogen-doped titanium oxide inverse opal structure was synthesized to combine both chemical and physical modifications on n-TiO2 by the polystyrene sphere self-assembly followed by a sol–gel process. Enhanced visible-light absorption and subsequently enhanced photodegradation efficiency were observed in this unique structure, which can be attributed to both nitrogen-doping effect and inverse opal structure effect. Our work suggests that the coupling of photonic band gap structure with photocatalytic materials is a promising approach to achieve maximum enhancement for various photocatalytic materials, especially for environmental applications and solar cell devices.
The addition of dichlorocarbene to methylenecyclohexan-4-one ethylene, acetals—the absence of synergism.

Aus der Organoquecksilberverbindung (I) wird Dichlorcarben (II) hergestellt und mit verschiedenen Olefinen umgesetzt.