cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Novel tetracyanoplatinates with the larger Ln3+ ions: Synthesis, structures, and photoluminescence properties of KLn[Pt(CN)4]2·8.75H2O (Ln = La, Pr, Nd)

Abstract The reaction of the larger Ln3+ ions with K2Pt(CN)4·3H2O results in the formation of the crystalline coordination compounds KLn[Pt(CN)4]2·8.75H2O (Ln = La, Pr, Nd). The structures of these compounds have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and found to be isostructural. Crystallographic data (Mo Kα, λ = 0.71073 A) for the representative La compound (LaPt): orthorhombic, Fdd2, a = 19.5826(3) A, b = 26.8725(7) A, c = 34.9729(8) A, V = 18 403.9(7) A3, Z = 32, R1(I > 2σ(I)) = 0.0217. The structures of the compounds contain nearly planar two-dimensional lanthanide tetracyanoplatinate layers formed from the trans-bridging of the Ln3+ cations by tetracyanoplatinate (TCP) anions. The layers are graphitic in nature, containing fused hexagons that form the layered 2-D topology. Furthermore, they stack in an ABCDEFGHA pattern, are separated by an average distance of 3.3591(7) A, and contain multiple interlayer Pt⋯Pt interactions that give rise to one-dimensional stacks of TCP. All three compounds display strong broad-band luminescence in the visible region originating from the TCP stacks. At room temperature, LaPt illustrates strong green emission centered at 508 nm upon excitation in the UV. The broad emission splits into a stronger band at 534 nm and a higher energy band at 478 nm upon cooling the crystals to 77 K. The extent of splitting was found to depend on the excitation wavelength. Similar spectral features at both room temperature and 77 K are observed in the PrPt system. A characteristic feature of NdPt is that the TCP-based broad emission is significantly quenched due to reabsorption of the emitted light by the Nd3+ ion, indicating the dominance of a radiative process within the system.
A Path Worth Taking: The Development of Social Justice in Outdoor Experiential Education.

This article examines the influences promoting social justice in the field of outdoor experiential education. The philosophical foundations of outdoor adventure including the work of John Dewey and Kurt Hahn are considered in light of social justice education. The historical evolution of social justice activism within the professional community is analyzed. Other influential trends including the development of outdoor programs sensitive to social justice concerns, the cross fertilization from other related fields, and the demographic and economic imperatives to transform the field are described. The methodological fit between outdoor experiential education and social justice education is the final influence presented. The article concludes that potentials for social justice education within the outdoor experiential education field create an imperative for inclusion.
Panel flutter detection and control using eigenvector orientation and piezoelectric layers

A basic eigenvector orientation approach has been used to evaluate the possibility of controlling the onset of panel flutter using a simple flat panel (wide beam) as an illustrative example. The use of the eigenvector orientation method for prediction of the flutter boundary (indicated by a gradual loss of orthogonality between two eigenvectors) was developed in a previous study and can thus provide a lead time for possible flutter control. As a first step, piezoelectric layers are assumed to be bonded to the top and bottom surfaces of the panel in order to provide counterbending moments at joints between elements. The standard linear quadratic control theory is used for controller design and full state feedback is considered for simplicity. The controllers are designed to restabilize the system at the onset of flutter; as a result, flutter occurrence can be offset to a higher flutter speed. To illustrate the applicability and effectiveness of the developed method, several simple wide-beam examples are studied and presented. The effects of control moment locations are studied so as to fulfill the objective of adjusting the flutter speed to be within a desirable range. Potential applications of this basic method may be straightforwardly applied to plate and shell structures of laminated composites using the versatile finite element method.
Capturing Common Loons during prenesting and nesting periods

Several techniques have been used to capture Common Loons (Gavia immer), but effectiveness is limited during periods of the breeding season when loons do not have chicks. From 2005 to 2008, we studied loons in northern Wisconsin and used night lighting to capture loons on nests and also designed a lift net for capturing loons prior to nesting. At night, incubating loons were approached by boat and, when within about 30–60 m, we focused a spotlight on the loon and, once at the nest, captured loons using a landing net. Using this technique, we captured 23 loons in 29 attempts (79%). In addition, taped calls and loon decoys were used to entice prenesting, territorial loons into a shoreline-based, lift-net trap at a capture efficiency of 67% (10 captures in 15 attempts) during the second year of use. Our diurnal lift-net trap and night-light nest-capture techniques allowed us to capture adult Common Loons during periods of the breeding season when previous investigators have found loons difficult to catch. These techniques may also be useful for capturing other species of territorial waterbirds, especially other species of loons. RESUMEN Muchas tecnicas han sido utilizadas para capturar a Gavia immer, pero su efectividad es limitada durante el periodo reproductivo cuando no tienen polluelos. Entre el 2005 y el 2008, estudiamos Gavia immer en el norte de Wisconsin y usamos encandilamientos durante la noche para capturar Gavia immer en los nidos y tambien disenamos una red trampa de elevacion para capturar a los individuos antes de la anidacion. Durante la noche, nos aproximamos en bote a los individuos que estaban incubando, y cuando estabamos entre 30 y 60m, enfocamos una luz incandescente sobre el individuo y, una vez en el nido, capturamos a los individuos usando una red de caida. Usando estas tecnicas, capturamos 23 individuos en 29 intentos (79%). Adicionalmente, grabaciones de llamadas e individuos falso de Gavia immer fueron usados para atraer individuos territoriales hacia la orilla antes del periodo de anidacion, redes trampa de elevacion fueron utilizadas para capturarlos con una eficiencia del 67% (10 capturas en 15 intentos) durante el segundo ano de uso. Nuestro uso diurno de redes trampa de elevacion y encandilamiento en el nido durante la noche fueron tecnicas que nos permitieron capturar adultos de Gavia immer durante periodos de la epoca reproductiva durante las cuales anteriores investigadores han tenido dificultad en capturar individuos de Gavia immer. Estas tecnicas pueden tambien ser utiles para capturar otras especies territoriales de aves acuaticas, especialmente del genero Gavia.
Market Equilibria in Polynomial Time for Fixed Number of Goods or Agents

We consider markets in the classical Arrow-Debreu model. There are n agents and m goods. Each buyer has a concave utility function (of the bundle of goods he/she buys) and an initial bundle. At an ldquoequilibriumrdquo set of prices for goods, if each individual buyer separately ex-changes the initial bundle for an optimal bundle at the set prices, the market clears, i.e., all goods are exactly consumed. Classical theorems guarantee the existence of equilibria, but computing them has been the subject of much recent research. In the related area of Multi-Agent Games,much attention has been paid to the complexity as well as algorithms. While most general problems are hard, polynomial time algorithms have been developed for restricted classes of games, when one assumes the number of strategies is constant.For the Market Equilibrium problem, several important special cases of utility functions have been tackled. Here we begin a program for this problem similar to that for multi-agent games, where general utilities are considered. We begin by showing that if the utilities are separable piece-wise linear concave (PLC) functions, and the number of goods(or alternatively the number of buyers) is constant, then we can compute an exact equilibrium in polynomial time.Our technique for the constant number of goods is to de-compose the space of price vectors into cells using certain hyperplanes, so that in each cell, each buyerpsilas threshold marginal utility is known. Still, one needs to solve a linear optimization problem in each cell. We then show the main result - that for general (non-separable) PLC utilities, an exact equilibrium can be found in polynomial time provided the number of goods is constant. The starting point of the algorithm is a ldquocell-decompositionrdquo of the space of price vectors using polynomial surfaces (instead of hyperplanes).We use results from computational algebraic geometry to bound the number of such cells. For solving the problem inside each cell, we introduce and use a novel LP-duality based method. We note that if the number of buyers and agents both can vary, the problem is PPAD hard even for the very special case of PLC utilities - namely Leontief utilities.
Pitfalls in the Care of the Psychiatric Patient in the Emergency Department

Abstract Background Care of the psychiatric patient in the Emergency Department (ED) is evolving. As with other disease states, there are a number of pitfalls that complicate the care of the psychiatric patient. Objective The purpose of this article is to update Emergency Physicians concerning the pitfalls in caring for the psychiatric patient, and possible solutions to deal with these pitfalls. Discussion The article will address the burden of the psychiatric patient, staff attitudes, medical clearance process, treatment of the agitated patient, suicidal patients, and admission decisions. Conclusions Alternative care resources, collaboration with Psychiatry, staff education, improvement in the medical clearance process, proper use of restraint and seclusion, and appropriate choice of medication for agitated patients can help avoid some of the top pitfalls in the care of the psychiatric patient in the ED.
Discrimination against facially stigmatized applicants in interviews: An eye-tracking and face-to-face investigation.

Drawing from theory and research on perceived stigma (Pryor, Reeder, Yeadon, & Hesson-McInnis, 2004), attentional processes (Rinck & Becker, 2006), working memory (Baddeley & Hitch, 1974), and regulatory resources (Muraven & Baumeister, 2000), the authors examined discrimination against facially stigmatized applicants and the processes involved. In Study 1, 171 participants viewed a computer-mediated interview of an applicant who was facially stigmatized or not and who either did or did not acknowledge the stigma. The authors recorded participants’ (a) time spent looking at the stigma (using eye tracker technology), (b) ratings of the applicant, (c) memory recall about the applicant, and (d) self-regulatory depletion. Results revealed that the participants with facially stigmatized applicants attended more to the cheek (i.e., where the stigma was placed), which led participants to recall fewer interview facts, which in turn led to lower applicant ratings. In addition, the participants with the stigmatized (vs. nonstigmatized) applicant depleted more regulatory resources. In Study 2, 38 managers conducted face-to-face interviews with either a facially stigmatized or nonstigmatized applicant, and then rated the applicant. Results revealed that managers who interviewed a facially stigmatized applicant (vs. a nonstigmatized applicant) rated the applicant lower, recalled less information about the interview, and depleted more self-regulatory resources.
Multi-mode precoding using linear receivers for limited feedback MIMO systems

Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless systems obtain large diversity and capacity gains by employing multi-element antenna arrays at both transmitter and receiver. The theoretical performance benefits, however, are irrelevant unless low error rate, high spectral efficiency spatio-temporal signaling techniques are found. Most work in space-time coding concentrates on either designing low error rate codes or high data-rate codes but not both simultaneously. This paper proposes a new method for designing high data-rate spatio-temporal signals with low error rates. The basic idea is to use transmitter channel information in the form of limited feedback to adaptively vary the transmission scheme for a fixed data-rate. This adaptation is done by varying the number of substreams and the rate of each substream in a precoded spatial multiplexing system. We show how this method can be implemented in a limited feedback scenario where only finite sets, or codebooks, of possible precoding configurations are known to both the transmitter and receiver. Monte Carlo simulations show substantial performance gains over beamforming and spatial multiplexing.
Public Cowboy No. 1: The Life and Times of Gene Autry

Reviewed Medium: book Authors: Holly George-Warren Year: 2007 Pages: 480 Publisher: Oxford University Press ISBN: 9780195177466 (hard cover). Prices: $28.00 USD(hard cover).
Smart sensor architecture customized for image processing applications

A system level design methodology is applied to the embedded system design for a typical sensor network application: face detection for security purpose. The tradeoff analysis is performed for hardware and software implementations of the tasks in this application. The best system design is achieved with limited hardware resources.
Sex Differences in the Pressor Response to Angiotensin II When the Endogenous Renin-Angiotensin System Is Blocked

The present study determined whether there are sex differences in the pressor response to angiotensin II (Ang II) when the endogenous renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is blocked by enalapril (ACEI), and whether this pressor response is changed in the presence of high salt (HS). Telemetry BP was measured in rats treated with ACEI (250 mg/L drinking water) (n=6 to 7/grp), or with ACEI and Ang II (150 ng/kg/min, sc; n=5 to 6/grp), for 3 wk. For the last 2 wk of the study, rats received HS (4% NaCl). MAP was lower in females during baseline (100.8±1.1 versus 105.2±1.3; P P P P
An Information-Theoretic Approach to Accelerated Simulation of Hybrid-ARQ Systems

In order to address the long runtimes required to fully simulate hybrid automatic repeat-request (ARQ) systems, such as high-speed downlink packet access (HSDPA), we propose an information-theoretic approach to accelerate the simulation while still maintaining its fidelity. The approach is based on the concept of information-outage probability, and involves the computation of the mutual information between the code bits transmitted over the channel and the bit log-likelihood ratio coming out of the demodulator. Because the mutual information is measured at the demodulator output, the metric naturally accounts for the parameters of the channel and modulation as well as the length of the codeword. An information outage is declared whenever the measured mutual information is below a threshold (the code rate), and the frequency of simulated information outages provides an accurate prediction of the rate that the turbo decoder fails. Because the prediction is sufficiently accurate, it is possible to run the simulation without actually decoding the turbo code. The result is a 10-30 fold speedup in simulation runtime, while the predicted frame error rate and throughput results are still within 1-2 dB of the values obtained with a more accurate (though lengthier) simulation that decodes each turbo codeword.
Near-field scanning nanophotonic microscopy

We fabricated nanoscale light emitting diodes (NANO-LED) at the tip of silicon probes. Simultaneous optical and topographical images were acquired using the probes with the nano-LED in a standard near-field scanning optical microscope.
Waist to hip ratio and trunk to extremity fat (DXA) are better surrogates for IMCL and for visceral fat respectively than for subcutaneous fat in adolescent girls

Background Increased visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and intramyocellular lipids (IMCL) are associated with increased metabolic risk. Clinical and DXA body composition measures that are associated with VAT are generally even more strongly associated with subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) reflecting general adiposity, and thus are not specific for VAT. Measures more strongly associated with VAT than SAT (thus more specific for VAT), and predictors of IMCL have not been reported.
The technology of fast wave current drive antennas

Abstract The design of antenna arrays for fast wave current drive (FWCD) involves several issues and trade-offs in addition to the usual considerations in the design of fast wave antennas for plasma heating. One feature of a well-designed FWCD antenna is that it will function efficiently for plasma heating when phased symmetrically. Most of the antennas in use today on major fusion experiments were designed solely for heating and are generally not suitable for current drive. New RF systems capable of addressing FWCD are being installed on a number of machines, including DIII-D and the Joint European Torus (JET).
Leveraging transcription factors to speed cellobiose fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Background Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a key organism used for the manufacture of renewable fuels and chemicals, has been engineered to utilize non-native sugars derived from plant cell walls, such as cellobiose and xylose. However, the rates and efficiencies of these non-native sugar fermentations pale in comparison with those of glucose. Systems biology methods, used to understand biological networks, hold promise for rational microbial strain development in metabolic engineering. Here, we present a systematic strategy for optimizing non-native sugar fermentation by recombinant S. cerevisiae, using cellobiose as a model.
Prolonged exposure to NMDAR antagonist induces cell-type specific changes of glutamatergic receptors in rat prefrontal cortex

N-methyl-d-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptors are critical for both normal brain functions and the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. We investigated the functional changes of glutamatergic receptors in the pyramidal cells and fast-spiking (FS) interneurons in the adolescent rat prefrontal cortex in MK-801 model of schizophrenia. We found that although both pyramidal cells and FS interneurons were affected by in vivo subchronic blockade of NMDA receptors, MK-801 induced distinct changes in α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) and NMDA receptors in the FS interneurons compared with pyramidal cells. Specifically, the amplitude, but not the frequency, of AMPA-mediated miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs) in FS interneurons was significantly decreased whereas both the frequency and amplitude in pyramidal neurons were increased. In addition, MK-801-induced new presynaptic NMDA receptors were detected in the glutamatergic terminals targeting pyramidal neurons but not FS interneurons. MK-801 also induced distinct alterations in FS interneurons but not in pyramidal neurons, including significantly decreased rectification index and increased calcium permeability. These data suggest a distinct cell-type specific and homeostatic synaptic scaling and redistribution of AMPA and NMDA receptors in response to the subchronic blockade of NMDA receptors and thus provide a direct mechanistic explanation for the NMDA hypofunction hypothesis that have long been proposed for the schizophrenia pathophysiology.
Right lobe living donor liver transplantation: A review

The continuing shortage of organs for adult transplant recipients has generated enthusiasm for adult-to-adult living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). The major concern has been the ability to resect a graft of adequate size without subjecting the donor to undue risk. The right hepatic lobe is generally large enough for adult recipients, but because of the real and perceived risks of right lobe (RL) resection, surgeons have been hesitant to offer this option to their patients. The first series of RL resections that included a significant number of patients was reported in 1999, and the results were encouraging. Only minor complications occurred in donors, and the recipients fared quite well. Enthusiasm for these donor resections is growing, and more centers are beginning to perform them. There is a good deal of global experience with pediatric LDLT but little with adults, and there are unique considerations in this population. This review examines donor selection criteria for adult recipients, highlights technical points critical for good outcome, and examines the early results and complications in both donors and recipients. If the preliminary results continue to be reproduced, RL LDLT could have significant impact on the worsening organ shortage.
Laser Injection of Ultrashort Electron Pulses into Wakefield Plasma Waves

A novel laser-plasma-based source of relativistic electrons is described. It involves a combination of orthogonally directed laser beams, which are focused in a plasma. One beam excites a wakefield electron plasma wave. Another locally alters the trajectory of some of the electrons in such a way that they can be accelerated and trapped by the wave. With currently available table-top terawatt lasers, a single ultrashort-duration electron bunch can be accelerated to multi-MeV energies in a fraction of a millimeter, with femtosecond synchronization between the light pulse, the electron bunch, and the plasma wave. Both analytical and numerical-simulation results are presented.
Quantum mechanical modelling of alkene hydroformylation as catalyzed by xantphos-Rh complexes

Fundamental issues concerning the hydroformylation of 1-alkenes as catalyzed by Rh complexes ligated with the xantphos diphosphine ligand are explored using ONIOM calculations. In this study xantphos serves as a prototype of the large bite-angle ligands that are associated with high regioselectivity and rates in catalytic hydroformylation. Computations have been used to explore the thermodynamics of 56 unique isomers (e.g., cis vs. trans isomers of square planar complexes, diequatorial vs. axial-equatorial five-coordinate complexes) and conformers for intermediates along the reaction pathway. More than 20 transition states relevant to the catalyst mechanism have been determined. In terms of realistically modelling experiment, the computational results are mixed. In agreement with experiment, the computations yield a mixture of diequatorial and axial-equatorial isomers of HRh(xantphos)(CO)2 as the catalyst resting state. Dissociation of CO from these complexes is computed to be barrierless leading to a computed free energy for exchange of CO ligands around 15 kcal mol−1, somewhat lower than the value of ca. 20 kcal mol−1 derived from experimental data. The computed ratios of rates of propene insertion to form n-propyl and i-propyl Rh-alkyl (42 ∶ 1) is in good agreement with experimental ratios of n-nonanal to i-nonanal (52 ∶ 1) for 1-octene hydroformylation. Nonetheless, the computations dramatically overestimate the overall activation free energies for catalytic hydroformylation. Thus, at this stage computations do not provide useful insight into the the kinetics of hydroformylation and detailed mechanistic issues. It appears that much of this discrepancy between computed and experimental activation energies originates from the underestimation of propene bonding energies.
Carrier-envelope phase dynamics and noise analysis in octave-spanning Ti:sapphire lasers

The intensity-related carrier-envelope phase dynamics of octave-spanning Ti:sapphire lasers is investigated. Taking the laser gain dynamics into account, quantitative agreement between the measured and predicted carrier-envelope phase noise resulting from pump laser noise is achieved.
Policy and Legislation for Healthy Places

Policies and laws are, respectively, the articulation of governmental principles and the implementation of those principles; together they are central factors in creating healthier places. Policies and laws are created and implemented at the local, state, and federal levels. It is important to identify the level of government through which a goal is best approached. Policy and legislation development processes are often responsive to public input, creating numerous opportunities to effect built environment change to promote public health. Different governments have different decision-making structures, and to be effective it is important to understand these differences.
The Clerical—Administrative Boundary

Several scholars have argued that the socioeconomic ranking of occupations has been relatively stable over time (Duncan 1968; Nam et al. 1975; Treiman 1977; Featherman and Hauser 1978). But it is possible for the historical relationship among occupational groups to change, even if the status ordering of these groups remains the same. Such changes can have important implications for the structure of job ladders that has evolved in the modern bureaucratized organization. These implications can be illustrated through the study of the occupations involved in office work.
Moving forward without changing course.

It may be healthy for a scientific discipline to periodically evaluate its assumptions and practices to ensure that it is proceeding in an efficient and logically consistent path towards its goals. In this vein, Vyse (2013) has offered a critique of the current status of the experimental analysis of behavior (EAB). The paper is one of a number of recent articles that has criticized current basic behavior-analytic research. With this paper, Vyse has constructed an impassioned argument for changes he sees as essential for the viability of the field.
Republished: The association between inflammatory markers, serum lipids and the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Objective To examine the association of serum inflammatory markers (erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP)) and serum lipid measures (low-density lipoprotein (LDL)- and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol) with risk of myocardial infarction (MI) and ischaemic stroke (IS) among rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study using 2005–2010 data from a US commercial health plan. Eligible patients had two or more physician diagnoses of RA during a baseline period of at least 180 days with continuous medical and pharmacy coverage. We computed age-adjusted incidence rates of MI and IS, and used spline regression to assess non-linear associations and Cox-regression to quantify the independent association between the laboratory values and the outcomes. Results We identified 44 418 eligible RA patients (mean age 49 years; 76% women). CRP>10 mg/L compared with 42 mm/h compared with Conclusions This study provides evidence supporting the hypothesis that RA-related systemic inflammation plays a role in determining cardiovascular risk and a complex relationship between LDL and cardiovascular risk.
Epidemiological analysis of tuberculosis in Jiading District,Shanghai(2010)

Objective To analyze the incidence of tuberculosis and epidemiological characters in Jiading District and provide basis for controlling tuberculosis.Methods The data of registered tuberculosis in 2010 in Jiading District were analyzed with SPSS software.Results The registration rate for TB cases and smear positive cases were 30.62/100000 and 14.79/100000 respectively in Jiading District in 2010.The registration rate for TB cases and smear positive cases were 23.95/100000 and 10.61/100000 respectively in the native population,while there were 35.7/100000 and 17.99/100000 respectively in the floating population.The proportion of the patients in male was obviously higher than that of female.The age of most cases in the native population was older than 45,occupied 62.6%.84.38% of the cases in the floating population was between 15 to 44.The proportion of the workers in the native population was the highest,and that of the peasant workers in the floating population was the highest.The number of TB patients of Jiangqiao Town was the highest in the native population,while Malu Town was the highest in the floating population.The distribution of tuberculosis in different seasons varied little.Conclusion The registration rate for TB cases in the floating population was obviously higher than that of the native population.Therefore,emphasis should be put on the control of tuberculosis in the floating population and the elderly.
Thermal Inactivation of Salmonella and Escherichia coli O157:H7 on Alfalfa Seeds

Alfalfa seeds inoculated with five strains of Salmonella or Escherichia coli O157:H7 were subjected to dry heat at 55°C for up to 8 days. Five-log reductions in Salmonella or E. coli O157:H7 on seeds were observed. No pathogens were detected on the sprouted seeds, which were initially inoculated with ca. 2 log CFU/g of Salmonella or more than 8 log CFU/g of E. coli O157:H7. The percentages of germination of the alfalfa seeds did not significantly decrease after 6 days of heating at 55°C. These results showed that heat treatment of alfalfa seeds at 55°C for up to 6 days was effective in enhancing the safety of alfalfa sprouts without affecting germination significantly.
Affect and neural activity in women with PTSD during a task of emotional interference

Abstract Background The current study sought to determine the relationship between self-reported dimensions of affect and activation in brain regions associated with emotion regulation in PTSD during a task of non-conscious emotional processing in interpersonal trauma survivors with PTSD and healthy controls. Methods Participants included 52 women diagnosed with PTSD and 18 female healthy controls. All participants completed a clinical assessment including the SCID, CAPS, and PANAS followed by a functional MRI assessment including a task of implicit emotional conflict. Results When PTSD participants were oriented to fearful faces, negative affect (NA) was inversely related to activation in the left amygdala and positive affect (PA) was inversely related to activation in the right amygdala. When ignoring fearful faces, NA was positively associated with activation in the right parahippocampal gyrus and PA was inversely related to activation in the left hippocampus. Similar results were observed in healthy controls regarding PA. However, NA was not significantly related to any region of interest in healthy controls. Limitations Limitations include the homogeneity of the healthy controls with regard to racial diversity, results may only be specific to female interpersonal trauma survivors with PTSD, and neutral faces within the conflict task may be perceived as negative by clinical samples. Conclusions Persistent, increased NA may represent a proxy for disruptions in emotional processing in interpersonal trauma survivors with PTSD. As such, clinicians may prioritize increasing emotional awareness through emotion regulation and/or distress tolerance strategies in this population.
Seven-year outcome in the Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation (BARI) by treatment and diabetic status.

OBJECTIVES To compare seven-year survival in the Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation (BARI) patients randomly assigned to percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) versus coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). BACKGROUND The primary results of BARI reported no significant difference in five-year survival between CABG and PTCA groups. However, among patients with treated diabetes mellitus, a subgroup not specified a priori, a striking difference was seen in favor of CABG. METHODS Symptomatic patients with multivessel disease (n = 1,829) were randomly assigned to initial treatment strategy of CABG or PTCA and followed for an average of 7.8 years. The intention-to-treat principle was used to extend the initial five-year BARI treatment comparisons. RESULTS Kaplan-Meier estimates of seven-year survival for the total population were 84.4% for CABG and 80.9% for PTCA (p = 0.043). This difference could be explained by the 353 patients with treated diabetes mellitus for whom estimates of seven year survival were 76.4% CABG and 55.7% PTCA (p = 0.0011). Among the remaining 1,476 patients without treated diabetes, survival was virtually identical by assigned treatment (86.4% CABG, 86.8% PTCA, p = 0.72). The PTCA group had substantially higher subsequent revascularization rates than the CABG group (59.7% vs. 13.1%, p < 0.001); however, the changes between the five- and seven-year rates were similar for the two groups. CONCLUSIONS At seven years, there was a statistically significant survival advantage for patients randomized to CABG compared with PTCA. Among patients with treated diabetes mellitus, the benefit of CABG over PTCA seen at five years was more pronounced at seven years; among nondiabetic patients, there was essentially no treatment difference.
Creation of Abdominal Adhesions in Mice

Abdominal adhesions consist of fibrotic tissue that forms in the peritoneal space in response to an inflammatory insult, typically surgery or intraabdominal infection. The precise mechanisms underlying adhesion formation are poorly understood. Many compounds and physical barriers have been tested for their ability to prevent adhesions after surgery with varying levels of success. The mouse and rat are important models for the study of abdominal adhesions. Several different techniques for the creation of adhesions in the mouse and rat exist in the literature. Here we describe a protocol utilizing abrasion of the cecum with sandpaper and sutures placed in the right abdominal sidewall. The mouse is anesthetized and the abdomen is prepped. A midline laparotomy is created and the cecum is identified. Sandpaper is used to gently abrade the surface of the cecum. Next, several figure-of-eight sutures are placed into the peritoneum of the right abdominal sidewall. The abdominal cavity is irrigated, a small amount of starch is applied, and the incision is closed. We have found that this technique produces the most consistent adhesions with the lowest mortality rate.
Historical Misfeasance: Immorality to Justice in Public Health

The article discusses what the author refers to as historical misfeasance in relation to immorality, past public health-related injustices, and medical studies that were conducted by public health practitioners without participants' consent. America's Tuskegee Syphilis Study and the sexually transmitted disease (STD) Experiments in Guatemala are examined, along with state-ordered sterilizations in places such as Virginia and California.
Optimized temporal pattern of brain stimulation designed by computational evolution.

Brain stimulation is a promising therapy for several neurological disorders, including Parkinson’s disease. Stimulation parameters are selected empirically and are limited to the frequency and intensity of stimulation. We varied the temporal pattern of deep brain stimulation to ameliorate symptoms in a parkinsonian animal model and in humans with Parkinson’s disease. We used model-based computational evolution to optimize the stimulation pattern. The optimized pattern produced symptom relief comparable to that from standard high-frequency stimulation (a constant rate of 130 or 185 Hz) and outperformed frequency-matched standard stimulation in a parkinsonian rat model and in patients. Both optimized and standard high-frequency stimulation suppressed abnormal oscillatory activity in the basal ganglia of rats and humans. The results illustrate the utility of model-based computational evolution of temporal patterns to increase the efficiency of brain stimulation in treating Parkinson’s disease and thereby reduce the energy required for successful treatment below that of current brain stimulation paradigms.
Barack Hussein Obama and the New Retrenchment

This chapter depicts how weariness with wars in Afghanistan and Iraq figured in Barrack Obama’s presidential election and his policies. By being the un-Bush president, Obama is seen reversing interventionism toward strategic detachment. It outlines the wholesale military withdrawal from Iraq, step up in drone airstrikes, and Pivot to Asia. Obama is seen striving to patch up relations with Iran to set the stage for a landmark nuclear deal in his second term. It explains the president’s Afghan disengagement plan to train an Afghan force, so the United States and allies can withdraw. He temporarily upped troop levels to almost 100,000 but set an 18-month deadline for withdrawing forces. At the end of his presidency, there remain only 8400 military personnel.
An update on the currently available nonthermal ablative options in the management of superficial venous disease.

Abstract Background Chronic venous insufficiency affects millions of Americans with symptoms spanning a broad range. Saphenous incompetence resulting in chronic reflux is at the root of most disease and is amenable to surgical correction. Methods We conducted a systematic review of the literature on nonthermal ablative techniques using a MEDLINE (Ovid) search from January 2000 to August 2016. Only prospective studies and literature review articles in the English language were included for final analysis. Results A total of 358 unique articles were identified, with a total of 60 articles meeting the stated inclusion and exclusion criteria. Historically, nonthermal ablative techniques have not demonstrated clinical results on par with thermal ablative interventions. However, three newer nonthermal ablative techniques have become available for use in the United States. Review of the literature demonstrated significant improvements in nonthermal ablative results, with intermediate-term data suggesting improved durability. Conclusions Advances in nonthermal ablative techniques have led to a developing role and acceptance in the primary management of varicose veins and venous insufficiency, even in the setting of challenging cases.
Point‐of‐Care Ultrasound Work Flow Innovation: Impact on Documentation and Billing

Objectives To evaluate the impact that an innovative automated ultrasound (US) work flow, which allows for bedside performance of examination documentation and order placement, has on point-of-care US billing compared to ordering US examinations through an electronic medical record. Methods We conducted a retrospective review of point-of-care US billing data (March 2014–February 2016) for adult and pediatric emergency departments with an emergency medicine residency and a US fellowship. An innovative work flow with the ability to automate US billing and selectively transfer the images and reports for patient care examinations to an electronic medical record and picture archiving and communication system using the QPath US work flow solution (Telexy Healthcare, Maple Ridge, British Columbia, Canada) was implemented. The total number of examinations billed and percent increase in technical and professional revenue, excluding examinations performed by US fellows, before and after implementation of the automated work flow innovation were determined. Results After implementation of our automated US work flow process, the number of patient care US examinations billed increased significantly due to completing documentation and immediate billing determination at the bedside. The increase in percent billing relative to total examinations was noted in both technical (32% to 61%; P < .0001) and professional (37% to 65%; P < .0001) billing components. In addition, there was a net increase in technical and professional fee revenue to 96% and 78%, respectively. Conclusions The implementation of an innovative automated work flow to include bedside point-of-care US documentation, order placement, and the automated transfer of images and reports led to a significant increase in US billing revenue, documentation, and compliance.
Oxazine Ring-Related Vibrational Modes of Benzoxazine Monomers Using Fully Aromatically Substituted, Deuterated, 15N Isotope Exchanged, and Oxazine-Ring-Substituted Compounds and Theoretical Calculations

Polymerization of benzoxazine resins is indicated by the disappearance of a 960–900 cm–1 band in infrared spectroscopy (IR). Historically, this band was assigned to the C–H out-of-plane bending of the benzene to which the oxazine ring is attached. This study shows that this band is a mixture of the O–C2 stretching of the oxazine ring and the phenolic ring vibrational modes. Vibrational frequencies of 3-phenyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[e][1,3]oxazine (PH-a) and 3-(tert-butyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[e][1,3]oxazine (PH-t) are compared with isotope-exchanged and all-substituted compounds. Deuterated benzoxazine monomers, 15N-isotope exchanged benzoxazine monomers, and all-substituted benzoxazine monomers without aromatic C–H groups are synthesized and studied meticulously. The various isotopic-exchanges involved deuteration around the benzene ring of phenol, selective deuteration of each CH2 in the O–CH2–N (2) and N–CH2–Ar (4) positions on the oxazine ring, or simultaneous deuteration of both positions. The chemical...
Usability Assessment of the Missouri Cancer Registry's Published Interactive Mapping Reports: Round One.

Background: Many users of spatial data have difficulty interpreting information in health-related spatial reports. The Missouri Cancer Registry and Research Center (MCR-ARC) has produced interactive reports for several years. These reports have never been tested for usability. Objective: The aims of this study were to: (1) conduct a multi-approach usability testing study to understand ease of use (user friendliness) and user satisfaction; and (2) evaluate the usability of MCR-ARC’s published InstantAtlas reports. Methods: An institutional review board (IRB) approved mixed methodology usability testing study using a convenience sample of health professionals. A recruiting email was sent to faculty in the Master of Public Health program and to faculty and staff in the Department of Health Management and Informatics at the University of Missouri-Columbia. The study included 7 participants. The test included a pretest questionnaire, a multi-task usability test, and the System Usability Scale (SUS). Also, the researchers collected participants’ comments about the tested maps immediately after every trial. Software was used to record the computer screen during the trial and the participants’ spoken comments. Several performance and usability metrics were measured to evaluate the usability of MCR-ARC’s published mapping reports. Results: Of the 10 assigned tasks, 6 reached a 100% completion success rate, and this outcome was relative to the complexity of the tasks. The simple tasks were handled more efficiently than the complicated tasks. The SUS score ranged between 20-100 points, with an average of 62.7 points and a median of 50.5 points. The tested maps’ effectiveness outcomes were better than the efficiency and satisfaction outcomes. There was a statistically significant relationship between the subjects’ performance on the study test and the users’ previous experience with geographic information system (GIS) tools (P=.03). There were no statistically significant relationships between users’ performance and satisfaction and their education level, work type, or previous experience in health care (P>.05). There were strong positive correlations between the three measured usability elements. Conclusions: The tested maps should undergo an extensive refining and updating to overcome all the discovered usability issues and meet the perspectives and needs of the tested maps’ potential users. The study results might convey the perspectives of academic health professionals toward GIS health data. We need to conduct a second-round usability study with public health practitioners and cancer professionals who use GIS tools on a routine basis. Usability testing should be conducted before and after releasing MCR-ARC’s maps in the future. [JMIR Hum Factors 2017;4(3):e19]
Factors Associated With Insulin Resistance in Adults With HIV Receiving Contemporary Antiretroviral Therapy: a Brief Update.

This narrative review summarizes recent data on factors associated with insulin resistance (IR) in adults with HIV, including contemporary antiretroviral therapy (ART). IR remains common in persons with HIV, even those receiving contemporary ART. Generalized and abdominal obesity and ectopic fat are correlates of IR, and emerging data have identified associations with biomarkers of inflammation and immune activation. Small studies suggest associations between mitochondria and IR. In ART-naive individuals, IR increased within 4 weeks of starting ART in persons receiving contemporary boosted protease inhibitors or an integrase inhibitor. The importance of IR in non-diabetic persons with HIV will continue to grow as the population ages and obesity increases. Non-invasive estimates of IR appear to perform well in persons with HIV, but clinically relevant cutoffs are uncertain. Unexpected metabolic effects of newer HIV integrase inhibitors have been reported; thus, careful observation for and studies of IR are still warranted.
Plant–Soil Interactions

Plant–soil interactions include a wide range of biological, chemical, and physical effects exerted by soil on plant survival, growth, and reproduction, and reciprocal effects of plants on soil formation, soil physical structure, and the activities of the soil biota. These interactions take place over a wide range of temporal and spatial scales. The involvement of both the soil biota and the physical substrate of the soil has feedback effects on plant populations and communities, and also results in changes in nutrient cycles and dynamics.
A Tool for Education and Exploratory Research on Shallow Waters

We introduce RITA1, a one-dimensional finite element model specifically designed to aid graduate-level teaching and exploratory research on shallow water dynamics and modeling. RITA1 uses a very flexible solution of the momentum and generalized wave equations, and is served by a user-oriented interface with broad scientific visualization capabilities. The application of RITA1 is illustrated through a classroom-oriented study of the generation of shallow water tides and a research-oriented comparison of alternative numerical solutions of the advective terms.
Teaching security defense through web-based hacking at the undergraduate level

The attack surface for hackers and attackers is growing every day. Future cybersecurity professionals must have the knowledge and the skills to defend against these cyber attacks. Learning defensive techniques and tools can help defend against today's attacks but what about tomorrow's? As the types of attacks change so must the cybersecurity professional. The only way for the cybersecurity professional to achieve this nimbleness is to understand the structural anatomy of the various attack types. Understanding the threat environment is the key to future success. Security defense through offensive techniques should and can be taught at the undergraduate level. Using the OWASP Mutillidae project [5], students can have a self-contained, sandbox environment for dissecting and discussing cyber attacks.