cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Experimental tests on Yang-Mills gravity with accurate measurements of the deflection of light

In the geometric-optics limit, Yang-Mills gravity with space-time translational gauge symmetry predicts Δφ =7 Gm/(2R) ≈ 1.53 for the deflection of a light ray by the sun. The result, which is about 12% smaller than that in the conventional theory, is consistent with experiments involving optical frequencies that had an accuracy of 10-20%.
Project Risk Distribution during the Construction Phase of Small Building Projects

AbstractEarly identification and communication of risks throughout the construction phase allows project teams to manage and minimize cost increases and schedule delays while increasing customer satisfaction. A better understanding of the distribution of risks during a construction project can improve risk management. This research created a new term, risk encounter, which measures and defines when a risk is communicated on a project, relative to the project schedule. This paper examines risk-management data regarding 229 small building projects at a U.S. university. The project teams encountered 1,229 risk events. A risk encounter was calculated for each risk event and plotted against a project lifecycle timeline. Individual risks were found to have unique characteristics related to the impact on the project cost, the impact on the schedule, and the nature of the risk. This study attempted to identify whether the characteristics of risk affect the distribution of risks during construction. ANOVA results ...
Facial Recontouring with Liposuction

Lipocontouring has continued to progress with improvements in technique and technology. Recently ultrasonography has been used both internally and externally to assist in liposuction. The ultrasonic energy is transferred into mechanical vibrations, which cause the microcavities in the adipocytes to implode, resulting in liquefaction of the fat. The authors discuss liposuction and liposhaving techniques and possible complications. Lipocontouring is a necessary adjunct to a plastic and reconstructive practice. It can be performed with hidden incisions, minimal tissue trauma, and a short recuperative period.
Protein and cholesterol electrophoresis of plasma samples from captive cownose ray (Rhinoptera bonasus)

Our study was undertaken to assess the application of semiautomated methods available at the reference laboratory level for the evaluation of plasma protein and cholesterol via electrophoresis in samples from cownose rays (Rhinoptera bonasus). Three groups of animals were assessed: clinically normal, clinically abnormal, and parasitized with leeches. As reported previously, the albumin band was negligible; the protein electrophoretograms were dominated by a large beta-globulin fraction. While the group of samples from the leech-parasitized rays did not show any large differences, the abnormal group exhibited significantly elevated total solids and cholesterol levels. The latter was related to a significant increase in very low density lipoprotein levels. The results demonstrate the potential application of these laboratory methods in quantitation of plasma proteins and cholesterol fractions in subclass Elasmobranchii.
Determination of the critical micelle concentration in simulations of surfactant systems.

Alternative methods for determining the critical micelle concentration (cmc) are investigated using canonical and grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations of a lattice surfactant model. A common measure of the cmc is the “free” (unassociated) surfactant concentration in the presence of micellar aggregates. Many prior simulations of micellizing systems have observed a decrease in the free surfactant concentration with overall surfactant loading for both ionic and nonionic surfactants, contrary to theoretical expectations from mass-action models of aggregation. In the present study, we investigate a simple lattice nonionic surfactant model in implicit solvent, for which highly reproducible simulations are possible in both the canonical (NVT) and grand canonical (μVT) ensembles. We confirm the previously observed decrease of free surfactant concentration at higher overall loadings and propose an algorithm for the precise calculation of the excluded volume and effective concentration of unassociated surfactant molecules in the accessible volume of the solution. We find that the cmc can be obtained by correcting the free surfactant concentration for volume exclusion effects resulting from the presence of micellar aggregates. We also develop an improved method for determination of the cmc based on the maximum in curvature for the osmotic pressure curve determined from μVT simulations. Excellent agreement in cmc and other micellar properties between NVT and μVT simulations of different system sizes is observed. The methodological developments in this work are broadly applicable to simulations of aggregating systems using any type of surfactant model (atomistic/coarse grained) or solvent description (explicit/implicit).
Leadership Development as a Mindset: Teaching the Process of Development

In this essay we advocate for viewing leadership development as a particular form of behavior change and seek to emphasize some important ways in which a core set of meta-skills and basic social-cognitive capabilities – that underlie human learning across a diverse set of activities– might play an even more prominent role in what and how people learn about leadership. From this perspective the development of any specific leadership and interpersonal skills might be seen as a useful byproduct of the real objective: developing a set of meta-cognitive capabilities that will allow continuous development throughout one's career and one's life. In particular we report some of the ways in which we have attempted to track these processes as outcome measures against which to gauge the quality and effectiveness of the leadership development courses we offer.
Quantification of the Duodenogastric Reflux in Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

The dual presence of gastroesophageal and duodenogastric reflux disease has been investigated by combined esophageal and gastric 24-h pH monitoring on the premise that alkalinity in the stomach reflects duodenal regurgitation and acidity in the esophagus reflects gastric regurgitation (Little et al. 1979; DeMeester 1985, Del Genio et al. 1985). The experience showed that this concept was applicable to gastroesophageal but not duodenogastric reflux for the following reasons: 1. In contrast to the esophagus, where a pH threshold of 4 is widely accepted as a border between health and disease (Emde et al. 1986), a clear-cut border cannot be established in the stomach. 2. An unspecified amount of duodenogastric reflux is physiological. 3. Alkaline changes in the gastric pH environment can result from other causes than regurgitation of duodenal contents such as a reduction in gastric acid secretion, dilution of intraluminal fluid by increased mucus production, and ingestion of food or fluid.
Kinematic and kinetic analysis of the golf swing

The action of swinging a club in golf is a two-arm underhand striking pattern. It is believed that this classification is defensible because the left arm (for a righthanded golfer) moves from a horizontal position parallel with the trunk axis at impact (Cooper and Glassow, 1972). The sequence of joint movements consists of forward action of the left knee, hip rotation, spinal rotation, shoulder action, and, finally, wrist and hand action.
Qualitative Analysis of Student Perceptions Comparing Team-based Learning and Traditional Lecture in a Pharmacotherapeutics Course

Objective. To qualitatively compare students' attitudes and perceptions regarding team-based learning (TBL) and lecture. Design. Students were exposed to TBL and lecture in an elective pharmacotherapeutics course in a randomized, prospective, cross-over design. After completing the course, students provided their attitudes and perceptions through a written self-reflection and narrative questions on the end-of-course evaluation. Student responses were reviewed using a grounded theory coding method. Assessment. Students' responses yielded five major themes: impact of TBL on learning, perceptions about TBL learning methods, changes in approaches to learning, building skills for professional practice, and enduring challenges. Overall, students report TBL enhances their learning of course content (knowledge and application), teamwork skills, and lifelong learning skills. Conclusion. Students' attitudes and perceptions support TBL as a viable pedagogy for teaching pharmacotherapeutics.
Keep the Stress Away with SoDA: Stress Detection and Alleviation System

Long-term exposure to stress may lead to serious health problems such as those related to the immune, cardiovascular, and endocrine systems. Once having arisen, these problems require a considerable investment of time and money to recover from. With early detection and treatment, however, these health problems may be nipped in the bud, thus improving quality of life. We present an automatic stress detection and alleviation system, called SoDA, to address this issue. SoDA takes advantage of emerging wearable medical sensors (WMSs), specifically, electrocardiogram (ECG), galvanic skin response (GSR), respiration rate, blood pressure, and blood oximeter, to continuously monitor human stress levels and mitigate stress as it arises. It performs stress detection and alleviation in a user-transparent manner, i.e., without the need for user intervention. When it detects stress, SoDA employs a stress alleviation technique in an adaptive manner based on the stress response of the user. We establish the effectiveness of the proposed system through a detailed analysis of data collected from 32 participants. A total of four stressors and three stress reduction techniques are employed. In the stress detection stage, SoDA achieves 95.8 percent accuracy with a distinct combination of supervised feature selection and unsupervised dimensionality reduction. In the stress alleviation stage, we compare SoDA with the ‘no alleviation’ baseline and validate its efficacy in responding to and alleviating stress.
A General Purpose Computer Shell for Risk Analysis

A microcomputer-based general purpose risk analysis shell is described which significantly decreases the effort involved in producing quantitative reports and in carrying out sensitivity analyses. It supports many quantitative methodologies and allows users to customize the package to suit their specific needs.
THE AUTO-IGNITION OF MULTICOMPONENT FIBER SYSTEMS

Using a simple experimental procedure for determining the time until ignition after a material is plunged into a heated air environment, it is possible to obtain kinetic data for this auto-ignition process. Results on homogeneous polymeric materials show that, while the rate controlling factors in every case are physical rather than chemical, ignition times at any single temperature depend on the basic thermal degradation process of each polymer. The study also includes work on multicomponent systems, including a mixed fiber blend as well as polymers treated with non-polymeric additives. For each combination studied it is possible to detect whether the presence of a second component has had only a physical influence on ignition, or whether thermal degradation has been affected by chemical interaction. Such data can serve to distinguish modifiers of flammability that act on the ignition process from those that are literally flame retardants or accelerators.
The Uniform Probate Code Authorizes Notarized Wills

Anglo-American law has for centuries required that a formal will - to be validly executed - must be in writing, signed by the testator, and witnessed by a specified number of attesting witnesses. Because these statutory formalities have traditionally been applied strictly, a number of wills have been declared invalid in cases in which there was no question that the decedent intended the document to be his or her will and no question of wrongdoing. In 1990, the Uniform Probate Code (UPC) responded to the overly harsh strict-compliance approach by adopting a harmless-error rule. Under the UPC's harmless-error rule, a will whose execution does not strictly comply with the statutory formalities can nevertheless be treated as valid if the proponent establishes by clear and convincing evidence that the decedent intended the document to be his or her will. In 2008, the UPC took another step toward preventing a will from being declared invalid merely because of a harmless defect in execution. Recognizing that it is an accepted part of our culture that the way to make a document "legal" is to get it notarized, the UPC now authorizes notarization as an optional method of will execution instead of attestation by witnesses. In this short article, the Reporter for the UPC amendments describes the unprecedented provision and explains its rationale.
Application Traffic Activity Graph Analysis

Understanding and analyzing traffic characteristics are fundamental to the design, development and implementation of networks. The traditional emphasis of network traffic analysis has been on the statistical properties of traffic, leading to the important discoveries such as heavy-tails and long range dependence. As networking technologies continue to mature and evolve, and more sophisticated network applications are invented and deployed, operating, managing and securing networks have become increasingly challenging tasks, and require us to understand, analyze and model the behavioral characteristics of network traffic, such as communication patterns, interaction structures and trends of applications, users and other entities in the networks.
A Weak Version of at from OCA

We use ideas of Velickovic to derive from the Open Coloring Axiom a number of statements which were originally proved by lengthy and difficult forcing arguments.
The accommodation System: Environment

Abstract A domain within the accommodation system (AS) model, the environment represents the contextual variables or extrinsic factors, impacting individuals with disabilities developing or working to maintain employment. The environment is one of five domains comprising the AS which also includes self, others, accommodations, and situated experience. Each of the domains reciprocally interacts with the others. The environment can enable or hinder function to varying degrees. Job accommodations attempt to bridge the gap between the self and a specific activity caused by a disability within a specific work environment. The AS sets the stage for the provision of accommodation services within the context of the employment of people with disabilities.
Sleep, Circadian Rhythms, and Epilepsy

There is a known interrelationship between sleep and epilepsy. This review highlights the recent findings regarding interactions between sleep and circadian rhythms and the manifestations of epilepsy and surgical treatments for refractory epilepsy. CLOCK gene expression may be reduced within the epileptogenic focus in patients with refractory epilepsy. Interictal epileptiform discharges during NREM and especially REM sleep may lateralize to the epileptogenic hemisphere. Intracranial video EEG monitoring and EEG from implanted responsive neurostimulator devices confirm scalp video EEG findings of a nocturnal peak for interictal epileptiform discharges. Successful epilepsy surgery may improve sleep macrostructure and quality. Sleep outcomes in people with epilepsy undergoing epilepsy surgery and neurostimulator implantation may provide innovative understandings into the associations between sleep and epilepsy. These associations may then provide novel therapeutic options targeting sleep and circadian pathways to improve seizure control and improve the quality of life for patients with this debilitating disorder.
Politics in the Art of War: The American War Cemeteries

The overseas American war cemeteries, in their aim to achieve “soft power” or cultural diplomacy during the mid-century, created high-value commissions in the American art world. The sought-after commissions resulted in an internal struggle between artists practicing traditional figural Classicism and the avant-garde who had adopted expressionism and abstraction. Additionally, a surging political stream of anti-Communism made artists vulnerable, because modern art seemed to underscore Communism’s abandonment of religion. By adopting demagoguery as political strategy, McCarthyists escalated the perception of Communism as present in the United States by targeting American culture, including artists of the American war cemeteries. Describing the struggles surrounding the creation of the cemeteries, this essay takes into account the artists’ biographies, statements, and actions, arguing that their art-making was not only critical in creating international diplomacy, but also in sustaining American freedom, particularly within an era of American political suspicion.
Epitaxial integration of high-mobility La-doped BaSnO3 thin films with silicon

La-doped BaSnO3 has been epitaxially integrated with (001) Si using an SrTiO3 buffer layer via molecular-beam epitaxy (MBE). A 254 nm thick undoped BaSnO3 buffer layer was grown to enhance the mobility of the overlying La-doped BaSnO3 layer. The x-ray diffraction rocking curve of the BaSnO3 002 peak has a full width at half maximum of 0.02°. At room temperature, the resistivity of the La-doped BaSnO3 film is 3.6 × 10−4 Ω cm and the mobility is 128 cm2 V−1 s−1 at a carrier concentration of 1.4 × 1020 cm−3. These values compare favorably to those of La-doped BaSnO3 films grown by all techniques other than MBE on single-crystal oxide substrates. Our work opens an exciting arena for integrating hyper-functional oxide electronics that make use of high-mobility oxide films with the workhorse of the semiconductor industry, silicon.
Creative visions: Presenting aesthetic trajectories in artistic careers

Abstract How do creative producers present aesthetic consistencies and variations within their bodies of work over their careers? I address this question by drawing on over 100 interviews and over two years of fieldwork in the New York City contemporary art market. I examine how contemporary visual artists’ recognition and access to visual and narrative resources for presenting their works shape how artists draw formal and conceptual connections among their works. I show that uninitiated artists work to present strong statements of their creative visions, emerging artists strive to produce connected candidates for iconicity that signal the breadth and core elements of their creative visions, and established artists try to create associations with the iconic that link new work to recognized elements of their creative visions. The article extends sociological understandings of artistic content and careers by revealing the relational process by which producers, intermediaries, and consumers construct aesthetic meaning.
Networked Communication between Polymerase and Exonuclease Active Sites in Human Mitochondrial DNA Polymerase.

High fidelity human mitochondrial DNA polymerase (Pol γ) contains two active sites, a DNA polymerization site (pol) and a 3'-5' exonuclease site (exo) for proofreading. Although separated by 35 A, coordination between the pol and exo sites is crucial to high fidelity replication. The biophysical mechanisms for this coordination are not completely understood. To understand the communication between the two active sites, we used a statistical-mechanical model of the protein ensemble to calculate the energetic landscape and local stability. We compared a series of structures of Pol γ, complexed with primer/template DNA, and either a nucleotide substrate or a series of nucleotide analogues, which are differentially incorporated and excised by pol and exo activity. Despite the nucleotide or its analogues being bound in the pol, Pol γ residue stability varied across the protein, particularly in the exo domain. This suggests that substrate presence in the pol can be "sensed" in the exo domain. Consistent with this hypothesis, in silico mutations made in one active site mutually perturbed the energetics of the other. To identify specific regions of the polymerase that contributed to this communication, we constructed an allosteric network connectivity map that further demonstrates specific pol-exo cooperativity. Thus, a cooperative network underlies energetic connectivity. We propose that Pol γ and other dual-function polymerases exploit an energetic coupling network that facilitates domain-domain communication to enhance discrimination between correct and incorrect nucleotides.
Development of Cognitive Transfer Tasks for Virtual Environments and Applications for Adaptive Instructional Systems.

Spatial navigation and spatial learning are important skills with implications for many different fields, and can be trained in Virtual Environments (VEs). Research in these areas presents a critical challenge: how to best design tests of knowledge transfer to measure learning from the VEs. Additionally, spatial learning tasks and VEs can be implemented in Adaptive Instructional Systems (AISs), which could result in improved spatial navigation and learning. The current paper describes the development of transfer tasks to assess different levels of spatial learning from experience in a VE, including recall, recognition, route, bearings, and map drawing transfer tests. Details are provided in regard to how transfer questions were generated and the reasoning behind them. Implications for the use of similar tasks in AISs and Intelligent Tutoring Systems are discussed.
Optimizing Alert Data Management Processes at a Cyber Security Operations Center

Alert data management is one of the top functions performed by a Cyber Security Operation Centers (CSOC). This chapter is focused on the development of an integrated framework of several tasks for alert data management. The tasks and their execution are sequenced as follows: (1) determining the regular analyst staffing of different expertise level for a given alert arrival/service rate, and scheduling of analysts to minimize risk, (2) sensor clustering and dynamic reallocation of analysts-to-sensors, and (3) measuring, monitoring, and controlling the level of operational effectiveness (LOE) with the capability to bring additional analysts as needed. The chapter presents several metrics for measuring the performance of the CSOC, which in turn drives the development of various optimization strategies that optimize the execution of the above tasks for alert analysis. It is shown that the tasks are highly inter-dependent, and must be integrated and sequenced in a framework for alert data management. For each task, results from simulation studies validate the optimization model and show the effectiveness of the modeling and algorithmic strategy for efficient alert data management, which in turn contributes to optimal overall management of the CSOCs.
Subspace partitions of Fqn containing direct sums II: General case

Abstract A subspace partition of a finite vector space F q n of dimension n over the field F q with q elements is a collection Π of subspaces of F q n consisting of subspaces with mutually zero intersection that partition the nonzero vectors in F q n . Clearly, Π satisfies the equation ∑ W ∈ Π ( q dim W − 1 ) = q n − 1 , which is called the packing condition. We say that Π contains a direct sum if there exist W 1 , … , W r ∈ Π with W 1 ⊕ ⋯ ⊕ W r = F q n . Partitions with direct sums are ubiquitous in practice and form an important subfamily of the lattice of all subspace partitions of F q n , which is a combinatorial q-analogue of the lattice of all set partitions of the set with n elements. In this paper, we show that subspace partitions with direct sums (where the number h of distinct dimensions among subspaces of Π is arbitrary) exist when their type (the multiset of subspace dimensions found in Π) is in the convex hull of certain kinds of vertices in the lattice of solutions of the packing condition. This generalizes a result in a previous paper, where we had considered subspace partitions containing at most h = 2 distinct subspace dimensions. We also construct an infinite family of Frobenius subspace partitions with h distinct dimensions that cannot contain a direct sum, due to the fact that no combination of dimensions adds up to n.
RNA post-transcriptional modification speaks to chromatin.

The role of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is still not fully understood. Two new studies advance understanding of this RNA modification. One shows that m6A modification of nascent messenger RNA promotes transcription by recruiting the histone H3 K9 demethylase KDM3B. Another study identifies genetic variants that affect m6A deposition and human disease.
Electro-Optic Frequency Combs for Atomic and Physical Metrology

Electro-optic frequency combs provide a powerful and agile platform for rapid sensing. We describe new approaches for the generation and application of these combs and utilize them in a range of metrological systems.
Brane worlds, the cosmological constant and string theory

We argue that traditional methods of compactification of string theory make it very difficult to understand how the cosmological constant becomes zero. String inspired models can give zero cosmological constant after fine tuning but since string theory has no free parameters it is not clear that this is allowed. Brane world scenarios on the other hand while they do not answer the question as to why the cosmological constant is zero do actually allow a choice of integration constants that permit flat four space solutions. In this paper we discuss gauged supergravity realizations of such a world. To the extent that this starting point can be considered a low energy effective action of string theory (and there is some recent evidence supporting this) our model may be considered a string theory realization of this scenario.
Parker Solar Probe observations of He/H abundance variations in SEP events inside 0.5 au

Aims. The Parker Solar Probe (PSP) orbit provides an opportunity to study the inner heliosphere at distances closer to the Sun than previously possible. Due to the solar minimum conditions, the initial orbits of PSP yielded only a few solar energetic particle (SEP) events for study. Recently during the fifth orbit, at distances from 0.45 to 0.3 au, the energetic particle suite on PSP, Integrated Science Investigation of the Sun (IS⊙IS), observed a series of six SEP events, adding to the limited number of SEP events studied inside of 0.5 au. Variations in the H and He spectra and the He/H abundance ratio are examined and discussed in relation to the identified solar source regions and activity.Methods. IS⊙IS measures the energetic particle environment from ~20 keV to >100 MeV/nuc. Six events were selected using the ~1 MeV proton intensities, and while small, they were sufficient to calculate proton and helium spectra from ~1 to ~10 MeV/nuc. For the three larger events, the He/H ratio as a function of energy was determined. Using the timing of the associated radio bursts, solar sources were identified for each event and the eruptions were examined in extreme ultraviolet emission.Results. The largest of the selected events has peak ~1 MeV proton intensities of 3.75 (cm2 sr s MeV)−1 . Within uncertainties, the He and H spectra have similar power law forms with indices ranging from −2.3 to −3.3. For the three largest events, the He/H ratios are found to be relatively energy independent; however, the ratios differ substantially with values of 0.0033 ± 0.0013, 0.177 ± 0.047, and 0.016 ± 0.009. An additional compositional variation is evident in both the 3 He and electron signatures. These variations are particularly interesting as the three larger events are likely a result of similar eruptions from the same active region.
Feasibility of Adjunctive Bright Light Therapy for Depressive Symptoms on an Acute Psychiatric Floor

Background Bright light therapy (BLT) has been increasingly used as an experimental treatment in non-seasonal unipolar depression. While clinical trials have demonstrated the efficacy of BLT in ameliorating depression for outpatients, studies examining BLT in the psychiatric inpatient setting are currently lacking. Aim The purpose of this study is to explore whether BLT as adjunctive treatment for depressive symptoms on an acute psychiatric floor is feasible and explore associated changes in depressive symptoms. Methods An observational, cross-sectional study was conducted at State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate 4B acute inpatient psychiatric unit. BLT was administered to participating patients as adjunctive therapy to their psychopharmacological and psychotherapy treatments on a daily basis throughout their hospitalization. Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D), and Outcome Questionnaire-45.2 (OQ-45.2) were administered before commencing BLT and after their last BLT session. Changes to the aforementioned measures before and after BLT treatment, the dose response of measure changes based on number of sessions, and the hospital length of stay along with the secondary factors such as age, gender, other psychiatric comorbidities, social factors, and psychiatric medications were analyzed. Results BLT is feasible on acute psychiatric inpatient floor with adherence of 94% and has very few side effects. The repeated measures of depression and functioning demonstrated significant decrease in depression and improvement in functioning. Although not statistically significant, clinical meaningful dose-response relationship was found between a number of BLT sessions and improvement in depressive symptoms with five BLT sessions being an optimal amount for depression amelioration. Conclusion BLT combined with the ongoing psychopharmacological treatment was well tolerated and easy to administer. It offers a simple, safe, and cost-effective approach to augmenting depressive treatment on an acute psychiatric floor.
Tumor burden negatively impacts protein turnover as a proteostatic process in noncancerous liver, heart, and muscle, but not brain.

We present data showing that simultaneously measuring protein synthesis and cell proliferation can help in the understanding of protein turnover as a proteostatic process in response to tumor burde...
Introduction to Digital Pathology from Historical Perspectives to Emerging Pathomics

The discipline of pathology spans the basic sciences, clinical medicine, and laboratory testing with the goals of studying the causes and effects of diseases. Whole slide imaging and virtual microscopy have led to the establishment of digital pathology as a new and exciting frontier to further study the pathobiology of a wide spectrum of diseases by providing access to high-resolution digital images of tissue samples. The interactive exploration of whole slide images (WSIs) of tissues has transcended the confinement of tissue samples to glass slides by providing access to virtual tissue samples at our fingertips to facilitate the expansion of our understanding about the causes, progression, and effects of diseases. Alongside this unprecedented access to virtual tissue samples without the need for physical light microscopes, large multidisciplinary research efforts have developed a wide range of methods to perform computational image analysis to harvest Pathomics data from WSIs. Nowadays, digital pathology represents a vibrant ecosystem of clinical, scientific, and engineering collaborative research efforts that spans the development of digital slide scanners to advances in computational hardware, framework, software, data management, image analysis, and machine learning. The goal of this chapter is to introduce the fundamental concepts and principles in digital pathology that underpin smooth and interactive viewing of WSIs in all modern software systems that led to advances in computational image analysis. We also introduce how Pathomics is positioned to impact healthcare through correlative analyses with clinical, laboratory, radiologic, genomic, and treatment response data through modern deep learning computer visions applications. In less than 20 years of development, digital pathology has been deployed for clinical use through telepathology while being actively enlisted as a powerful tool for clinical research to help discover patterns, relationships, and novel biomarkers to improve patient care and treatment. This chapter will describe the paradigm shift caused by virtual microscopy and provide insight into how digital pathology in transforming modern medicine.
Spectral and Dynamic Features of Quantum Well Semiconductor Lasers

Recent experimentation with semiconductor lasers has revealed many new features of the spectral behavior. New theories have been formulated to explain this behavior and are directing attention to the new quantum-well lasers for improved spectral behavior.
Morphology and Neurochemistry of Canine Corneal Innervation

RESULTS. More than 99% of all corneal PGP-9.5‐immunoreactive (IR) nerves contained both CGRP and SP, approximately 30% contained TH, and none contained VIP. Distribution patterns of corneal PGP-9.5‐, CGRP-, SP-, and TH-IR nerves were indistinguishable, except that TH-IR fibers were absent from the corneal epithelium. Morphologically, canine corneal innervation consisted of a rich anterior stromal plexus, divided on the basis of morphologic criteria into anterior and posterior levels, and a rich epithelial innervation, characterized by large numbers of horizontally oriented, basal epithelial “leash” formations. Leash axons in all quadrants of the corneal epithelium oriented preferentially toward a common locus in the perilimbal cornea. CONCLUSIONS. The results of this study demonstrate for the first time the detailed architectural features, distinctive basal epithelial leash orientations, and peptidergic content of canine corneal innervation. The normal innervation pattern described in this study will provide other investigators with essential baseline data for assessing corneal nerve alterations in canine patients with spontaneous chronic corneal epithelial defects (SCCED) and other ocular diseases or injuries. (Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2001;42:2242‐2251)
Have We Arrived Yet? LGBT Rights and the Limits of Formal Equality

Formal equality has been a hard-fought achievement for many historically oppressed groups; one that has resulted in the effectuation of radical social and legal change, but that has also been the subject of profound disappointments. In this essay, I address the limitations of formal equality and the implications of those limitations for the lesbian/gay/bisexual/transgender (LGBT) community. I argue that – as we increasingly move towards a regime of formal legal protections for LGBT individuals – gender and sexuality law scholars will need to pay increasing attention to the unique challenges of a formal equality regime. I conclude by providing initial thoughts on how to avoid some of the difficulties that other protected groups have faced as they transition to formal equality. This essay is forthcoming as part of a collection of essays in Law & Sexuality about the future of gender and sexuality law scholarship.
Open Your Mind to Tennis

(1979). Open Your Mind to Tennis. Journal of Physical Education and Recreation: Vol. 50, No. 7, pp. 76-77.
bases for cohomology of local systems on hyperplane complements

We study cohomology with coefficients in a rank one local system on the complement of an arrangement of hyperplanes A. The cohomology plays an important role for the theory of generalized hy- pergeometric functions. We combine several known results to construct explicit bases of logarithmic forms for the only non-vanishing cohomol- ogy group, under some nonresonance conditions on the local system, for any arrangement A. The bases are determined by a linear ordering of the hyperplanes, and are indexed by certain "no-broken-circuits" bases of A. The basic forms depend on the local system, but any two bases con- structed in this way are related by a matrix of integer constants which depend only on the linear orders and not on the local system. In certain special cases we show the existence of bases of monomial logarithmic forms.
THE INFLUENCE OF SAMPLING DESIGN ON SPECIES TREE INFERENCE: A NEW RELATIONSHIP FOR THE NEW WORLD CHICKADEES (AVES: POECILE)

In this study, we explore the long-standing issue of how many loci are needed to infer accurate phylogenetic relationships, and whether loci with particular attributes (e.g., parsimony informativeness, variability, gene tree resolution) outperform others. To do so, we use an empirical data set consisting of the seven species of chickadees (Aves: Paridae), an analytically tractable, recently diverged group, and well-studied ecologically but lacking a nuclear phylogeny. We estimate relationships using 40 nuclear loci and mitochondrial DNA using four coalescent-based species tree inference methods (BEST, *BEAST, STEM, STELLS). Collectively, our analyses contrast with previous studies and support a sister relationship between the Black-capped and Carolina Chickadee, two superficially similar species that hybridize along a long zone of contact. Gene flow is a potential source of conflict between nuclear and mitochondrial gene trees, yet we find a significant, albeit low, signal of gene flow. Our results suggest that relatively few loci with high information content may be sufficient for estimating an accurate species tree, but that substantially more loci are necessary for accurate parameter estimation. We provide an empirical reference point for researchers designing sampling protocols with the purpose of inferring phylogenies and population parameters of closely related taxa.
Growing a Thicker Skin: An Exercise for Measuring Organismal Adaptations to Terrestrial Habitats

We describe an alternative to the kinds of observation-based lab exercises that are often used to cover animal and plant evolution with respect to transitioning from aquatic to terrestrial habitats. We wrote this activity to address these objectives, but also to model the process of scientific inquiry and to require students to collect and analyze quantitative data. Additionally, we designed this activity so that students must consider the evolution of plant and animal traits in an integrated fashion.
Fulfilling multiple obligations: Preservice elementary teachers’ use of an instructional model while learning to plan and teach science

Recent efforts to design science methods course frameworks that scaffold preservice teachers in organizing inquiry instructional sequences show promise, yet preservice teachers do not always use these frameworks when they teach in school field placements. This article uses a Discourses lens to explore how two preservice elementary teachers’ sense of obligation shaped their use of an instructional model in their science planning and teaching. The preservice teachers’ course assignments, planned and enacted instructional sequences, and stimulated recall interviews were analyzed to characterize how their sense of obligations as students in a university science methods course and as student teachers in their school field-placement classrooms enabled and constrained their use of the instructional model. Findings show that the preservice teachers encountered multiple Discourses across communities. These Discourses shaped the obligations that preservice teachers were expected to fulfill. The preservice teachers used the instructional model when it supported them in meeting their obligations to others. These findings have implications for situating teacher orientations in Discourses, understanding the role of mentor teachers in supporting preservice teachers in using instructional models, and framing the function of preservice teachers’ subject-matter knowledge for using instructional models.
Study of linear models in steady state analysis of power systems

This paper studies quantitatively the relative merits of commonly used linear models in steady state power system analysis. The 'DC model' assumes negligible resistances and flat voltage profiles, and relates the bus phase angles to real power injections. A new linear model which accounts for the voltage and reactive power flows is developed and used in the comparative study. The first iteration of the Jacobian matrix, and the fast decoupled models are other linear models considered in the study. The figure of merit for comparison is taken as the root mean square difference of similar quantities such as bus voltages and line active and reactive flows. A six-bus system from Wood et al. (1996) is used for the testing. Results show significant potential for the new linear model.
Using Neural Networks to Solve VLSI Design Problems

In this paper we summarise our study of the application of neural computation networks, as proposed by Hopfield and Tank, to several NP-complete problems in the domain of VLSI design. We have found that a number of important VLSI problems such as optimal module orientation and optimal assignment of pin positions can be easily mapped onto a neural network and solved in this way. The results of our simulations indicate that the solutions found using this technique compare favorably to those found by other optimization techniques such as simulated annealing. Furthermore, with the advent of neural network hardware, neural network algorithms should prove to be extremely fast.
Simulating networking and security issues

ITGuru is a powerful simulation environment developed by OpNET Corporation. ITGuru is unique because of its ability to model the entire networking domain, including its routers, switches, protocols, servers, and the individual applications they support. ITGuru improves network researchers' and instructors' ability to identify and solve problems throughout the network. The OpNET Corporation provides a FREE academic copy of their simulation environment to universities for both teaching and research.
Aortosternal Venous Compression: Innominate Vein Compression by the Innominate Artery

A19-year-old woman presented with left upper extremity swelling and headache for 3 months. The swelling was intermittent, and often combined with paresthesia. She had no significant medical or surgical history. A computed tomography scan of the head and neck taken 2 months previously at another department showed no abnormality of the superficial and deep neck structures. On the physical examination, mild edema in the left shoulder and arm region was noted, without compromise of brachial or radial pulsation.
HPC Simulation Workflows for Engineering Innovation

Efforts to develop component-based simulation workflows for industrial applications using XSEDE parallel computing systems are presented.
Dissecting the N-terminal Helical Domain of Apolipoprotein B

High levels of low density lipoprotein (LDL, the bad cholesterol) are associated with cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of death in western countries. Very low density lipoprotein (VLDL, the precursor to LDL) secretion requires proper folding of the N-terminal domains of apolipoprotein B (ApoB). The N-terminal domain of ApoB is homologous to lipovitellin, whose structure is known. It is composed of a β-barrel, followed by a helical domain and two β-sheet domains. There is little direct structural information on any part of ApoB. Structural studies of the N-terminal domain of ApoB are complicated by aggregation in the absence of lipids. Our initial goal was to isolate an independent folding domain suitable for study by NMR. Two constructs encoding ApoB6.4-8 and ApoB6.4-9 were found to be cooperatively folded and show helical CD spectra. Single point mutations (e.g. L343V) within this region of ApoB have been shown to cause Familial Hypobetalipoproteinemia (FHBL). FHBL is characterized by low levels of plasma ApoB-containing lipoproteins. These mutations result in retention and degradation of ApoB in the ER. Despite the conservative mutation, our hypothesis is that the mutations cause a structural defect in this helical domain which disrupts efficient secretion of VLDL.
Automated classification of renal cell carcinoma subtypes using bag-of-features

Color variation in medical images degrades the classification performance of computer aided diagnosis systems. Traditionally, color segmentation algorithms mitigate this variability and improve performance. However, consistent and robust segmentation remains an open research problem. In this study, we avoid the tenuous phase of color segmentation by adapting a bag-of-features approach using scale invariant features for classification of renal cell carcinoma subtypes. Previous work shows that features from each subtype match those from expertly chosen template images. In this paper, we show that the performance of this match-based methodology greatly depends on the quality of the template images. To avoid this uncertainty, we propose a bag-of-features approach that does not require expert knowledge and instead learns a “vocabulary” of morphological characteristics from training data. We build a support vector machine using feature histograms and evaluate this method using 40 iterations of 3-fold cross validation. We achieve classification accuracy above 90% for a heterogeneous dataset labeled by an expert pathologist, showing its potential for future clinical applications.
Cormophyton gen. nov., a cormose lycopod from the middle Pennsylvanian Mazon creek flora

Abstract Cormophyton mazonensis gen. et sp. nov. is proposed for an authigenically preserved cormose lycopod base in Mazon Creek nodules from the middle Pennsylvanian of Illinois. Based on size, shape, and morphological features, Cormophyton is assigned to the Chaloneriaceae and is thought to represent a plant similar to Chaloneria cormosa . The discovery of this form allows for the description of several external features of Chaloneria -like plant bases and further demonstrates the diversity of isoetalean lycophytes in Carboniferous sediments.
Erythropoietin: Physiologic and Pharmacologic Aspects:

AbstractThe purpose of this review is to give an update of the recent progress in research on erythropoietin (Epo), the hormone that regulates red blood cell production. Epo is a glycoprotein with a molecular mass of approx 30 kDa, which circulates in plasma of the human with 165 amino acids with three N-linked and one O-linked acidic oligosaccharide side chains in the molecule. Both the β (39% CHO) and β (24% CHO) forms are available for clinical use, and there does not appear to be any difference in the pharmacokinetics of these two forms of Epo. Radioimmunoassays and enzyme-linked immunoabsorbant (ELSA) assays are available in a kit form. Serum levels of Epo in normal human subjects range between 1 and 27 mμ/ml or approx 5 pmol/l. It seems clear that the cells in the adult mammallan kidney which produce Epo are the interstitial cells in the peritubular capillary bed and the perivenous hepatocytes in the liver. Expression of the human Epo gene sequences that direct expression in the kidney are located 6...
Using feedback on patient progress to predict the outcome of psychotherapy

The Dose-Response and Phase Models are useful for informing quality assurance research on the expected patterns for separate categories of outcomes in psychotherapy. Moreover, these models predict the sequence of change for outcomes that may be differentially valued by patients, therapists, stakeholders, and cost managers. Valid feedback on the progress of treatment is critical because patients, therapists, and cost managers make decisions about continuation and focus of treatment while psychotherapy is in progress. In this study, the focus is on the validity of feedback data for therapist appraisal of patient progress. Feedback at patient intake, in early sessions of psychotherapy, and at later sessions of psychotherapy is considered. Among the variables examined are patient and therapist agreement on severity, level of severity, evidence of remoralization, and evidence of symptomatic remission. Data are drawn from archived records of 243 psychotherapy cases conducted in several managed care service delivery settings. The implications of a therapist's use of feedback to adjust the therapeutic process in an individual case are discussed.