cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparison of some sex-dependent proteins in the adult male rat.

Abstract An hepatically synthesized sex-dependent protein (α2u), isolated from male rat urine, has been compared with other similarly designated rat proteins. Using a specific antiserum prepared against α2u, immunological analysis revealed no cross reaction with a sex-dependent protein prepared from unsonicated rat liver homogenates. An α-globulin separated from urine by molecular sieving and chromatography on CM-cellulose was shown to be immunologically identical with α2u. This α-globulin exhibited only a single electrophoretic band (acrylamide gel) whereas α2u contained multiple species of protein having different isoelectric points. The single isoelectric form obtained from CM-cellulose migrated electrophoretically as did the major α2u (5.2) component. Further studies showed that CM-cellulose could be used to separate the various isoelectric species of α2u. Antisera to murine, urinary sex-dependent proteins have been shown to cross react with some urinary proteins in the rat. However, an antiserum to α2u did not cross react with any murine urinary proteins.
Effects of step size and break-point criterion on progressive-ratio performance.

Key pecking by pigeons was maintained by arithmetic progressive-ratio schedules of food delivery. Successive conditions arranged different step sizes, and each condition remained in effect until behavior appeared stable. Each session continued until a period of time passed in which no key pecks were recorded (the break-point criterion); both a 5-min and a 15-min criterion were tested across a range of step sizes. Average breaking points (i.e, the largest ratio completed) were relatively unaffected by step-size magnitude, whereas the average number of ratios completed and average response rates generally declined across increasing step sizes. Within sessions, preratio pauses were relatively short and fairly constant in duration as the ratio increased; pause durations increased rapidly near the end of a session. The relation between the average number of completed ratios and step size was described well by a power function [y = b(xa), in which y represents the average number of completed ratios, x represents the step size, and a and b are fitted parameters]. Increasing the break-point criterion from 5 to 15 min resulted in increased values of b, whereas parameter a was relatively unaffected and was close to -1 (consistent with the lack of effect of step size on breaking point). This function also provided an excellent description of data drawn from previous reports.
Analysis of melting around a moving heat source

Abstract This paper presents an analysis for simulating melting heat transfer around a moving, horizontal, cylindrical heat source. Motivated by the experimental observations, the melt domain is divided into two regions, namely, the close-contact region and the melt pool region. Two mathematical models are formulated and solution procedures are developed accordingly. The temperature and the flow fields in the two regions are calculated for a constant surface temperature heat source and the resulting velocity of the source and motion and shape of the interface are determined. The effects of the prescribed surface temperature of the source and its density, as well as influence of natural convection in the melt pool, are investigated and reported. The predicted melt flow structure and the motion and shape of the solid-liquid interface are found to be in good agreement with the experimental observations when natural convection in the melt is included in the model.
Oxidative macrocyclizations for the vancomycin antibiotics. Unexpected transannular effects in the thallium(III)-mediated M(2–4) macrocyclic ring closure

Abstract The course of the Tl(III)-mediated intramolecular oxidative macrocyclization of phenolic residues to provide the M(2–4) diarylether ring of the vancomycin antibiotics is remarkably sensitive to transannular effects across the M(4–6) ring, brought about by variations in the degree of ring-6 chlorination as well as the conformational bias imparted by the distal M(5–7) ring. The effect of structure on this reaction is documented.
Gerstmann syndrome without aphasia.

Summary A patient with Gerstmann syndrome without aphasia is presented, and it is suggested that the existence of such cases casts doubt on the contention that aphasia is the underlying mechanism of the syndrome. Some of the other recent attacks on the theoretical or practical importance of the Gerstmann syndrome are summarized and criticized. The patient presented here manifested other unusual features. Her disorder was a slowly progressive presenile deterioration, but with good preservation of memory. There was a distinct discrepancy in the degree of agraphia in the right and left hands and the possible mechanisms of this are discussed.
Partition coefficients for the trihalomethanes among blood, urine, water, milk and air

Abstract Chloroform, bromodichloromethane, chlorodibromomethane, and bromoform comprise the trihalomethanes, a group of widespread and mildly lipophilic compounds that result from water chlorination and other sources. Many animal studies show the chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity of these compounds, and recent work has demonstrated the importance of both ingestion and inhalation exposure pathways. This study presents partition coefficients describing the equilibrium among biological compartments (air, water, blood, milk, urine) for the four THMs based on results of headspace–gas chromatographic analyses performed under equilibrium conditions and at 37°C. The calculated partition coefficients ranged from 2.92 to 4.14 for blood/water, 1.54–2.85 for milk/blood, and 3.41–4.93 for blood/urine, with the lowest being chloroform and the highest being bromoform. Both human and cow milk were tested, with similar results. The available samples of human milk may not fully account for differences in lipid content and possibly other factors that affect estimates of partition coefficients. Simultaneous measurements of milk and blood in exposed individuals are suggested to confirm laboratory results. Partition coefficients are predicted using the octanol–air partition coefficient, also measured in this study, and the octanol–water partition coefficient. Results are similar to literature estimates for liquid/air partitioning of chloroform and chlorodibromomethane, but they differ from predictions based on hydrophobicity and lipid content. High correlations between the derived partitioned coefficients and the molecular structure (number of Br atoms) and physical properties (molecular weight and boiling point) are found for these analogous chemicals. In humans, THMs are both stored and metabolized with relatively rapid clearance rates. The derived partition coefficients can help to interpret results of biological monitoring and predict the potential for the accumulation and transfer of chemicals, specifically by the application of physiologically-based pharmacokinetic models. THM exposures to potentially susceptible populations, e.g. nursing infants, can be predicted using either such models.
"Beyond Development": A Critical Appraisal of the Emergence of Small Health Care Non-Governmental Organizations in Rural Guatemala

In Guatemala over the last decade, the small Non-Governmental Organization (NGO) sector has grown dramatically. However, there is a critical lack of data examining the impact of this sector growth on target communities. We utilize ethnographic case studies from the Guatemalan health care sector to examine the community-side effects of health care NGO proliferation. We demonstrate how the constraints of “doing business” and serving as proxy agents for government have restricted the sector’s flexibility and capacity for local engagement. We consider how these factors, together with competition for limited funds and service duplication, create community burnout and fuels resource shopping. We conclude with a consideration of some recent promising developments in community-based development and call for a return to greater reflexivity in the sector .
Further evidence of harm from exercise in ARVD/C.

Exercise is loathsome. And it cannot be any benefit when you are tired, and I was always tired. —Mark Twain [(1)][1] The evidence implicating exercise as a pathogenic factor in arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy (ARVD/C) continues to grow. Early reports of this
Manifestations of the Roton Mode in Dipolar Bose-Einstein Condensates

We investigate the structure of trapped Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) with long-range anisotropic dipolar interactions. We find that a small perturbation in the trapping potential can lead to dramatic changes in the condensate's density profile for sufficiently large dipolar interaction strengths and trap aspect ratios. By employing perturbation theory, we relate these oscillations to a previously identified "rotonlike" mode in dipolar BECs. The same physics is responsible for radial density oscillations in vortex states of dipolar BECs that have been predicted previously.
MAPK signalling in cardiovascular health and disease: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets

Intracellular MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) signalling cascades probably play an important role in the pathogenesis of cardiac and vascular disease. A substantial amount of basic science research has defined many of the details of MAPK pathway organization and activation, but the role of individual signalling proteins in the pathogenesis of various cardiovascular diseases is still being elucidated. In the present review, the role of the MAPKs ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase), JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) and p38 MAPK in cardiac hypertrophy, cardiac remodelling after myocardial infarction, atherosclerosis and vascular restenosis will be examined, with attention paid to genetically modified murine model systems and to the use of pharmacological inhibitors of protein kinases. Despite the complexities of this field of research, attractive targets for pharmacological therapy are emerging.
Estimate of genetic polymorphism and heterozygosity in three species of rockfish (genus Sebastes).

Abstract 1. 1. An estimate of the genetic polymorphism and average hetorozygosity in three species of rockfish, Sebastes alutus, S. caurinus, and S. elongatus' was made using differences in electrophoretic mobility of proteins on starch gel. 2. 2. In S. alutus two of twenty-five loci; in S. caurinus, one of twenty-five loci; and in S. elongatus, two of twenty-four loci were polymorphic. 3. 3. This yields estimates of 8,4 and 8 per cent of all polymorphic for the average species population and values of 3·8, 1·8 and 3·3 per cent for the proportion of the genome heterozygous per individual in the average population.
Community Geography as a Model for International Research Experiences in Study Abroad Programs.

Collaborative engagement with local residents and organizations is often cited as one of the most valuable aspects of community-based research integration in classroom settings. However, little has been written on the impact of community engagement in international study abroad programs. We explore the use of community geography in Belize to develop international, community-based research experiences for undergraduate and graduate students. In our study abroad program, students utilize Geographic Information Systems, Global Positioning Systems data collection, fieldwork, and interviews to understand social and environmental issues important to our Belizean collaborators. As we demonstrate in this article, foreign collaborators often have different expectations, commitments, burdens, and resources that either encourage or limit their participation in all stages of the research process. These conflicts present researchers and educators with a significant challenge to identify the appropriate model for commu...
Metabolism and lipogenic effects of the cyclic monomers of methyl linolenate in the rat.

Cyclic fatty acids are absorbed by the rat, partially oxidized to CO2, and a portion of the compound, presumably the ring structure, is excreted in the urine. Studies with uniformly labeled cyclic fatty acids showed that ca. 13-15% of14CO2 is expired by the animal in 48 hr with peak expiration occurring between 4-6 hr after ingestion. Approximately 40% of the total radioactivity is found in the urine after 48 hr with about 60% of that being excreted within 12 hr after ingestion. Decreased rates of lipogenesis were observed in livers of animals fed 8% and 10% protein and higher levels of cyclic fatty acids. An increased rate of lipogenesis was observed in adipose tissue of animals fed 10% protein and higher levels of cyclic fatty acids.
Estimating elastic sediment properties with the self-starter

Abstract The self-starter is implemented by the method of undetermined coefficients for ocean acoustics problems involving elastic sediment layers. This approach is efficient when the ocean bottom can be approximated by a relatively small number of homogeneous layers. For many problems, the self-starter only requires on the order of 10 wave number samples to provide accurate solutions at ranges on the order of 10 wavelengths. The geoacoustic inverse problem can be solved in nearly real time with this approach, which can generate on the order of a thousand forward solutions per second on the current generation of desk-top computers.
Effect of Chronic Treatment with Morphine, Midazolam, and Both Together on β-Endorphin Levels in the Rat

Abstract We have recently reported that a short-acting anesthetic and analgesic drug midazolam can produce analgesia and decrease morphine tolerance and dependence in the rat by interacting with the opioid system. This study was designed to investigate the effect of midazolam, morphine, and both together on β-endorphin levels in the rat. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: (1) saline-saline; (2) saline-morphine; (3) midazolam-saline, and (4) midazolam-morphine groups. First, saline or midazolam injection was given IP and after 30 min a second injection of saline or morphine was given subcutaneously once daily for 11 days. Animals were sacrificed on 11th day 60 min after the last injection, to measure β-endorphin by radioimmunoassay. Saline-morphine-treated animals showed a significant increase in β-endorphin levels in the cortex, pons, medulla, lumbar spinal cord, adrenals, and spleen, and a decrease only in its level in pituitary. Midazolam-saline-treated animals showed a significant increase in β-endorphin levels only in the medulla, and a decrease in its levels in hippocampus, striatum, and adrenals. Saline-morphine-treated animals did not show any changes in plasma β-endorphin, but animals treated with midazolam-saline had a significant decrease in plasma β-endorphin. In rats treated with morphine and midazolam together, β-endorphin levels in cortex, lumbar spinal cord, and spleen decreased to the similar levels observed in rats treated with saline-saline; in pons and cervical spinal cord the levels were even lower than that found in saline-saline group. The decrease in pituitary β-endorphin in morphine-midazolam-treated rats was due to morphine's own activity, whereas the decrease in plasma β-endorphin in hippocampus in the morphine-midazolam group was a synergistic effect of morphine and midazolam. The β-endorphin level in adrenal glands in the morphine-midazolam-treated animals was not different from that found in rats treated with morphine alone but was still higher than that in the saline-saline group. In general, it appears that chronic treatment with morphine stimulates the β-endorphinergic system. A concomitant treatment with midazolam abolishes the stimulatory effect of morphine on the β-endorphinergic system. These results may help us in understanding the intrinsic mechanisms involved in narcotic tolerance and dependence. Copyright © 1996 Elsevier Science Inc.
Qualitative reasoning and the science of design

I face the assignment of writing an "expert opinion" on design and qualitative reasoning with considerable trepidation. I have been engaged in research on qualitative reasoning for some time now, but am not an expert on design. Having been schooled in mathematics and computer science, about the only things I have ever designed are mathematical proofs and computer programs. As far as I can recall, the only physical artifact I have ever built that required serious premedication worth being called design was the little digital circuit I constructed for the hardware portion of my PhD qualifying exam.
Extending the Traditional Classroom Through Online Discussion: The Role of Student Motivation

Two studies addressed students' motivation and participation in an online discussion board which was part of a traditional lecture-based course. The discussion board represented an external communi...
Coarticulatory patterns and degrees of coarticulatory resistance in Catalan CV sequences.

This paper is an extensive acoustic analysis of V-to-C and C-to-V coarticulatory effects in Catalan CV sequences for 18 consonants and 8 vowels. Data indicate that Catalan phonemes differ as to the degree of resistance to coarticulation and suggest strongly that differences in coarticulatory resistance follow from differences in degree of articulatory constraint. A theory of coarticulation is proposed that accounts for coarticulatory effects in terms of the articulatory constraints involved in the production of gestures for adjacent phonemes, indeperdently of considerations about the linguistic nature of the phonemic units under control. It is argued that such a theory is more likely to explain patterns of coarticulatory activity arising from compatible and conflicting gestures than previous coarticulation models.
Coarse-gradient Langevin algorithms for dynamic data integration and uncertainty quantification

The main goal of this paper is to design an efficient sampling technique for dynamic data integration using the Langevin algorithms. Based on a coarse-scale model of the problem, we compute the proposals of the Langevin algorithms using the coarse-scale gradient of the target distribution. To guarantee a correct and efficient sampling, each proposal is first tested by a Metropolis acceptance-rejection step with a coarse-scale distribution. If the proposal is accepted in the first stage, then a fine-scale simulation is performed at the second stage to determine the acceptance probability. Comparing with the direct Langevin algorithm, the new method generates a modified Markov chain by incorporating the coarse-scale information of the problem. Under some mild technical conditions we prove that the modified Markov chain converges to the correct posterior distribution. We would like to note that the coarse-scale models used in the simulations need to be inexpensive, but not necessarily very accurate, as our analysis and numerical simulations demonstrate. We present numerical examples for sampling permeability fields using two-point geostatistics. Karhunen-Loeve expansion is used to represent the realizations of the permeability field conditioned to the dynamic data, such as the production data, as well as the static data. The numerical examples show that the coarse-gradient Langevin algorithms are much faster than the direct Langevin algorithms but have similar acceptance rates.
The Effects of Damage on Hydrogen-Implant-Induced Thin-Film Separation from Bulk Silicon Carbide

Exfoliation of Sic by hydrogen implantation and subsequent annealing forms the basis for a thin-film separation process which, when combined with hydrophilic wafer bonding, can be exploited to produce silicon-carbide-on-insulator, SiCOI. Sic thin films produced by this process exhibit unacceptably high resistivity because defects generated by the implant neutralize electrical carriers. Separation occurs because of chemical interaction of hydrogen with dangling bonds within microvoids created by the implant, and physical stresses due to gas-pressure effects during post-implant anneal. Experimental results show that exfoliation of Sic is dependent upon the concentration of implanted hydrogen, but the damage generated by the implant approaches a point when exfoliation is, in fact, retarded. This is attributed to excessive damage at the projected range of the implant which inhibits physical processes of implant-induced cleaving. Damage is controlled independently of hydrogen dosage by elevating the temperature of the SiC during implant in order to promote dynamic annealing. The resulting decrease in damage is thought to promote growth of micro-cracks which form a continuous cleave. Channeled H{sup +} implantation enhances the cleaving process while simultaneously minimizing residual damage within the separated film. It is shown that high-temperature irradiation and channeling each reduces the hydrogen fluence required to affect separation of a thin film and results in a lower concentration of defects. This increases the potential for producing SiC01 which is sufficiently free of defects and, thus, more easily electrically activated.
Full Two-Dimensional Markov Chain Analysis of Thermal Soft Errors in Subthreshold Nanoscale CMOS Devices

Thermally induced fluctuations in the logic state of a simple flip-flop occur on a timescale that renders them impossible to simulate through Monte Carlo methods. In a previous work, an analytical framework based on Markov chains and queue theory was introduced along with a symbolic solution for a truncated 1-D queue, diagonally connecting the two stable logic states in a two-dimensional (2-D) queue. In this paper, a complete solution for a full 2-D queue is presented, which maps all the possible thermal noise fluctuations of electron populations in flip-flop inverters. The results for the mean time to thermally induced error confirm the estimates given by truncated approximations. This formalism is also capable of computing arbitrary probability moments as well as steady-state distributions and transient behavior of the system. The full 2-D queue can also capture the statistics of other noise sources, like radiation-induced charge generation where the flip-flop can transiently reside in a queue state far from the diagonal connecting the two stable logic states of a flip-flop.
A health services research agenda for geriatric care.

To facilitate efficient and effective modifications in the delivery of care to the elderly, an empirically based agenda was developed within the Veterans Administration to guide health services research. The agenda includes studying methods to augment providers' geriatric expertise, facilitate maximal independence for older persons, and identify effective strategies, target groups, and appropriate outcomes for long-term care.
Corrections to “Compressive Sensing on Manifolds Using a Nonparametric Mixture of Factor Analyzers: Algorithm and Performance Bounds” [Dec 10 6140-6155]

In the above titled paper (ibid., vol. 58, no. 12, pp. 6140-6155, Dec. 10), there was a significant error in the biography of coauthor Minhua Chen. The corrected text for the biography is presented here.
Toward a strategy for healthy adolescent development

Mel Sabshin and I worked closely together during the 1950s, and his influence on me-as on so many others-has persisted ever since. I have never ceased to be deeply impressed by his intellectual curiosity, his strong sense of social responsibility, his integrative capacity across disciplines, and his constructive problem-solving orientation. One of his pioneering and enduring interests over several decades has been in the study of normality. Within that frame-work, he has devoted special attention to adolescent development. In this article I pick up on this strand of his interest. During much of my career, and especially during the past 14 years at the Carnegie Corporation, I have sought ways to build the knowledge base on adolescent development and put that knowledge to use in preventing lifelong casualties.
Software engineering course materials workshop

Workshop Summary This workshop will provide participants with an opportunity to discuss and critique software engineering course materials being developed as part of the SWENET project. SWENET is an NSF project designed to create a Web-based community of software engineering education. A key activity in the project is to create, collect, and share software engineering course materials within the context of current accreditation guidelines and curricular models.
Wireless security situation awareness with attack identification decision support

Wireless networks are a common point of entry for computer network attacks. Due to high traffic volumes, network mission assurance requires tools that can usefully display network traffic data, automatically detect, and identify attacks to provide increased situational awareness to a network administrator. Many metrics used to analyze wireless network traffic and security depend on full access to all nodes. This is impractical in fielded networks. To address these issues, we propose a new set of metrics based on wireless network packet interarrival times. These metrics are displayed in a novel way to provide administrators with a mechanism for identifying possible attacks and their impact on the network. The performance of this visualizer is validated by the use of a linear classifier system, which shows that the chosen metrics can be used to accurately identify attacks. We further argue that the classifier could be used in conjunction with the visualizer as an effective decision support system to aid in maintaining mission assurance.
Pelvic arterial embolization for control of obstetric hemorrhage: a five-year experience.

Abstract Objective: Obstetric hemorrhage is a significant cause of maternal morbidity and death. Postpartum hemorrhage that cannot be controlled by local measures has traditionally been managed by bilateral uterine artery or hypogastric artery ligation. These techniques have a high failure rate, often resulting in hysterectomy. In contrast, endovascular embolization techniques have a success rate of >90%. An additional benefit of the latter procedure is that fertility is maintained. We report our experience at Stanford University Medical Center in which this technique was used in 6 cases within the past 5 years. Study Design: Six women between the ages of 18 and 41 years underwent placement of arterial catheters for emergency (n = 3) or prophylactic (n = 3) control of postpartum bleeding. Specific diagnoses included cervical pregnancy (n = 1), uterine atony (n = 3), and placenta previa and accreta (n = 2). Results: Control of severe or anticipated postpartum hemorrhage was obtained with transcatheter embolization in 4 patients. A fifth patient had balloon occlusion of the uterine artery performed prophylactically, but embolization was not necessary. In a sixth case, bleeding could not be controlled in time, and hysterectomy was performed. The only complication observed with this technique was postpartum fever in 1 patient, which was treated with antibiotics and resolved within 7 days. Conclusions: Uterine artery embolization is a superior first-line alternative to surgery for control of obstetric hemorrhage. Use of transcatheter occlusion balloons before embolization allows timely control of bleeding and permits complete embolization of the uterine arteries and hemostasis. Given the improved ultrasonography techniques, diagnosis of some potential high-risk conditions for postpartum hemorrhage, such as placenta previa or accreta, can be made prenatally. The patient can then be prepared with prophylactic placement of arterial catheters, and rapid occlusion of these vessels can be achieved if necessary. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 1999;180:1454-60.)
Recipient's age does not adversely affect pregnancy outcome after oocyte donation.

OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to examine the effect of the recipient's age on pregnancy and miscarriage rates after oocyte donation. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective analysis of 307 consecutively performed donor oocyte cycles was undertaken. Recipients were divided into two groups: younger group ≤ 42 years old (155 cycles) versus older group >42 years old (145 cycles). Pregnancy outcomes between groups were compared. Confounding variables such as donor and cycle characteristics, recipient characteristics, and made parameters were also examined. RESULTS: Both groups had the same incidence (6%) of failed fertilization cycles. At least one embryo undertaken. Recipients were divided into two groups: younger group ≤ 42 years old (155 cycles) versus older group >42 years old (145 cycles). Pregnancy outcomes between groups were compared. Confounding variables such as donor and cycle characteristics, recipient characteristics, and male parameters were also examined. RESULTS: Both groups had the same incidence (6%) of failed fertilization cycles. At least one embryo was transferred in the remaining 286 cycles. Ongoing or delivered pregnancy rates per embryo transfer were similar for younger and older groups (30.2% vs 30.6%). Differences in miscarriage rates were not statistically significant (9.8% vs 16.3%). There were no differences in the cycle parameters related to donor age, number of oocytes aspirated, number of oocytes fertilized, and number of embryos transferred. Donor sperm was more frequently utilized in the older group (19 vs 4 cycles, p = 0.0002). In the remaining cycles male partners of older recipients were significantly older (37.9 ± 0.5 years vs 43.9 ± 0.6 years, p < 0.0001), but there were no differences in semen parameters or fertilization rates. Older recipients were more likely to be parous but also to have experienced a previous miscarriage. CONCLUSION: Recipient age does not adversely affect cycle outcome with donor oocytes. This implies that aging of the uterus is not of clinical significance to patients electing this method of infertility treatment.
Chaotic neurodynamics for autonomous agents

Mesoscopic level neurodynamics study the collective dynamical behavior of neural populations. Such models are becoming increasingly important in understanding large-scale brain processes. Brains exhibit aperiodic oscillations with a much more rich dynamical behavior than fixed-point and limit-cycle approximation allow. Here we present a discretized model inspired by Freeman's K-set mesoscopic level population model. We show that this version is capable of replicating the important principles of aperiodic/chaotic neurodynamics while being fast enough for use in real-time autonomous agent applications. This simplification of the K model provides many advantages not only in terms of efficiency but in simplicity and its ability to be analyzed in terms of its dynamical properties. We study the discrete version using a multilayer, highly recurrent model of the neural architecture of perceptual brain areas. We use this architecture to develop example action selection mechanisms in an autonomous agent.
Singularly perturbed resistive-viscous models in magnetohydrodynamics

We consider singularly perturbed resistive-viscous MHD equations of the form u' = f(u,v,lambda), epsivv' = g(u,v,lambda), where ' stands for derivative with respect to thetas = x - st, s is the wave speed, 0 < epsiv Lt 1 and lambda is a parameter. Such systems of singlularly perturbed MHD equations include the MHD models of intermediate shocks when the resistivity eta and viscosity mu and/or nu are present and one of the viscosity parameters plays the role of "small" epsiv. The u = [By,Bz], two components of the magnetic induction vector (Bx = const) and v is the velocity. When epsiv rarr 0 we obtain a system of differential-algebraic equations (DAEs) rather than singularly perturbed ODEs. The former have singularities which typically behave as impasse points, singular pseudo nodes, saddles, foci points, or singularity induced bifurcation (SIB) points. The pseudo equilibrium and SIB points allow for smooth transitions between the plus (supersonic) and minus (subsonic) Rie- mann sheets with either one or two analytic trajectories crossing the singularity (sonic) curve and other trajectories of lower smoothness. In the paper we analyze the singularly perturbed MHD equations in the context of their relations to DAEs and the recent developments in the qualitative analysis of systems with folded pseudo equilibrium points.
Belladessus Miller and Short (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Hydroporinae: Bidessini), New Genus for Two New Species from Northern South America: Parthenogenetic Diving Beetles?

Abstract Belladessus Miller and Short, new genus, is described to include two new species of diving beetles, B. femineus Miller and Short, new species (southeastern Venezuela and Suriname) and B. puella Miller and Short, new species (western Venezuela). The genus is placed in the dytiscid tribe Bidessini due to the presence of a distinctive spermathecal spine, among other diagnostic features. The genus is characterized by the absence of an occipital line, presence of basal pronotal striae, presence of a basal elytral stria, absence of a sutural elytral stria, absence of a transverse carina on the elytral epipleuron at the humeral angle, and presence of a distinct marginal bead on the anterior clypeal margin. No male specimens are present among the more than 125 specimens known, and, from this, it is hypothesized that the species are likely parthenogenetic.
Differential radiosensitization of human tumour cells by 3-aminobenzamide and benzamide: inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribosylation).

SummaryThe effect of 3-aminobenzamide (3AB) and benzamide (BZ) (inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase) on radiosensitivity was investigated in normal human fibroblasts and three human cell lines established from tumours with varying degrees of clinical radiocurability. The human tumour cell lines selected were: (1) Ewing's sarcoma, a bone tumour usually considered radiocurable with moderate radiation doses; (2) lung adenocarcinoma, a tumour considered radiocurable with high doses of radiotherapy; and (3) osteosarcoma, a very resistant tumour which is rarely controlled by standard doses of radiotherapy. Poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase inhibitors were added to cultures 2h prior to irradiation and removed 24h after. Inhibitors were used at doses producing little or no toxicity in cells.In the presence of these inhibitors, a differential radiosensitization was observed. Ewing's sarcoma cells and normal human fibroblasts were sensitized to an equal extent by either 8 mm 3AB or 4 mm BZ. However, no sensitizatio...
Tubular carcinoma of the breast: association with multicentricity, bilaterality, and family history of mammary carcinoma

Seventeen tubular carcinomas occurred among 211 consecutive mastectomies (7.6%). The relative frequencies of multicentric involvement in the ipsilateral breast (56%), history of bilateral mammary cancer (38%) (P less than .01), and family history of mammary cancer in a first-degree relative (40%) (P less than .05) were all significantly greater in patients with tubular carcinomas than among patients with other carcinomas studied in a review of serial subgross examined mastectomy specimens. Patients with tubular carcinomas also tended to be somewhat younger (56 vs. 59 years) than those with other forms of mammary cancer. These features suggest that tubular carcinoma may be a histologic marker for a subpopulation of patients with mammary carcinomas strongly associated with multicentricity, bilaterality, and familial history of mammary carcinoma.
Brain Damage and Oral Intake of Certain Amino Acids

The primary focus in this chapter will be on glutamate (GLU) and certain of its structural analogues which I shall refer to as the excitotoxic amino acids because of specific neuroexcitatory and neurotoxic properties which characterize these acidic amino acids as a group. Brief attention will be given separately to L-cysteine (CYS) which, when given orally to experimental animals, induces a different neurotoxic syndrome from that caused by oral intake of excitotoxic amino acids. Most of the evidence I shall review pertains to excitotoxic amino acids as a group but derives from studies on GLU, the prototypic and most studied member of the group.
CONGENITAL DEFICIENCY OF FACTOR VII ASSOCIATED WITH HEMORRHAGIC DISEASE OF THE NEWBORN Report of a Case

Early diagnosis of congenital abnormalities of coagulation may be masked by the clotting defects associated with the newborn period and mistaken for hemorrhagic disease of the newborn. A case is presented which illustrates this problem. To exclude a congenital defect, a careful family history should be obtained and a complete coagulation study performed on all infants with severe hemorrhagic manifestations. The diagnosis of hemorrhagic disease of the newborn should not be assumed in such cases. If there is evidence to support the diagnosis of a congenital abnormality, either from the family history or from the coagulation studies, or should there be a lack of response to vitamin K in an infant with severe bleeding, replacement therapy with plasma or serum should be instituted immediately. Repeated coagulation studies will eventually demonstrate the congenital abnormality and should be performed in suspected cases.
Multi-threading based parallel dynamic simulator for transient behavior analysis of power systems

Power grids reliability and security are influenced by transient behaviors of various power system components. However, analyzing these transient behaviors needs to estimate millions of time-domain state variables with high computational efficiency. Most of the existing simulators are not based on parallel software platforms which have been proven to be powerful in many other applications. They are thus incapable of simulating transient behaviors of large-scale power systems efficiently. The lack of powerful dynamic simulation tool has become a major bottleneck towards the smarterization of power grids. Inventing a software based novel fully parallel topology of power systems, we propose a multi-threading based parallel simulator for transient behavior analysis in this paper. The accuracy and efficiency of the proposed simulator has been evaluated on IEEE and Polish standard bus systems, against the state-of-the-art open source software package (MatDyn). The results show that the runtime of the proposed simulator attains up to 80.49 ×speedup compared with MatDyn on 12-thread CPUs.
Model Analysis of Equilibrium Adsorption Isotherms of Pure N2, O2, and Their Binary Mixtures on LiLSX Zeolite

Three analytical adsorption isotherm models for energetically homogeneous (Langmuir) and heterogeneous (Toth, Sircar) adsorbents were tested for describing recently measured pure gas isotherm data for adsorption of N2 and O2 on pelletized LiLSX zeolite at three different temperatures and in the pressure range of 0–6 atm. Estimated binary gas isotherms for this system by these models and the Ideal Adsorbed Solution Theory (IAST) were compared with the corresponding experimental data. All three models describe the pure gas isotherms reasonably well, but the model that accounts for the differences in the degrees of adsorbent heterogeneity of the components of a mixture (Sircar) provided better correlation between experimental and estimated binary selectivities than the other models and IAST under various conditions of pressure, temperature, and gas composition. Predictions of multicomponent isotherm data by models must be extensively tested experimentally, since their ability to describe pure gas isotherms d...
Study on impact phenomenon between a sphere and a layered structure

As part of a general investigation of impact-printing phenomenon, a series of impact experiments were performed in which the print action was simulated by a freely falling sphere impacting with a horizontal stack composed of ribbon, paper and carbon paper, backed by a steel platen. The principal quantity measured was the coefficient of restitution of the system, which is related to the energy lost during the collision process. In certain cases, a piezoelectric transducer was used to support the stack so that information about contact time and impact force could be obtained.
The costs of providing supported employment services to individuals with psychiatric disabilities.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine whether supported employees with psychiatric disorders cost Vocational Rehabilitation more to serve than supported employees with other conditions (e.g., mental retardation). METHOD A structured cost-accounting methodology was used to compare the adjusted costs (in FY 2005 dollars) of services received by all supported employees funded by Vocational Rehabilitation in Wisconsin from FY 2002 to FY 2005. RESULTS Supported employees with psychotic and non-psychotic disorders were among the least costly populations to serve via supported employment. They averaged annual per capita expenditures of $3,846 and $2,579, respectively. Supported employees, as a whole, generated average annual per capita expenditures of $4,683. CONCLUSIONS Based upon data presented here and by other researchers, it would appear that individuals with psychiatric disorders are cheaper to serve than populations more traditionally referred to supported employment (e.g., individuals with mental retardation). If this conclusion is disseminated to referring agencies, perhaps individuals with psychiatric disorders will be referred to supported employment in greater numbers.
Autoignition of methyl butanoate under engine relevant conditions

Abstract This study reports the autoignition delay times of methyl butanoate in argon–air (i.e. Ar/O2 = 3.76 by mole) mixtures under thermodynamic conditions relevant to compression ignition engines, using a rapid compression machine (RCM). The ignition delay times were obtained for the compressed temperature range of 833–1112 K and compressed pressures corresponding to 15, 30, 45, and 75 bar. In addition, the effect of fuel mole fraction on ignition delay times were experimentally studied by covering equivalence ratios corresponding to 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 under realistic fuel loadings without additional dilution. For the range of conditions investigated, the ignition delay times exhibit an Arrhenius dependence on temperature and an inverse relationship with the compressed pressure. No evidence of two-stage ignition was observed in the current experiments, nor was a negative temperature coefficient trend seen in the ignition delay times. The experimental results were compared to zero-dimensional simulations taking into account the full compression stroke and the heat loss characteristics of the RCM, using chemical kinetic models reported in the literature. The literature models were found to predict significantly higher reactivity when compared to the current experiments. Chemical kinetic analysis was then conducted to identify the reactions responsible for the mismatch between the experiments and the simulated results. Key reactions that could help obtain a better match between the experimental and simulated results were identified using both brute-force and global sensitivity analyses. In view of the large uncertainties associated with the low-temperature chemistry of methyl butanoate, further studies are needed to update the kinetic parameters of the key reactions in order to improve the model comprehensiveness.
An Economic Perspective on the Compensation Problem

The legal profession customarily approaches the problem of determining whether to compensate private persons for loss or injury sustained through change from a perspective which is essentially normative. The relevant literature is directed largely towards the quest for principles, rules or tests,1 and within each proffered solution is a set of judgements as to the propriety of compensation.2 The purpose of this chapter is not normative, although it may suggest a different view of compensation policies. Rather, it is intended to be a theoretical exploration of the nature and scope of the compensation problem. It is premised on the belief that a full understanding of the problem requires a return to the fundamentals of law and economics. The compensation problem arises from non-legal, or market, changes as well as from legal changes.3 Because it involves redistribution of wealth and economic opportunity, it is an important part of the management of social change and has inherent potential for influencing the course of future social change. Conceptually, however, the compensation problem involves much more than intentional redistribution. The argument of this chapter is: (1) that the compensation problem is ubiquitous; (2) that uncompensated takings are inevitable; (3) that, for purposes of compensation, there is no analytically significant distinction between legally and non-legally imposed changes; and (4) that analytically equivalent situations inevitably require different normative treatment.
Spontaneous pituitary adenoma occurring after resection of a Rathke’s cleft cyst

Rathke's cleft cysts (RCC) are benign cystic lesions that originate from remnants of the epithelial lining of Rathke's pouch. RCC are known rarely to occur together with a concomitant pituitary adenoma. Here, we report a patient with a pituitary adenoma arising in the same location as a previously-resected RCC, 3 years post-operatively, and review the literature of "collision" sellar lesions. Consecutive transsphenoidal operations from a single-center between 2008 and 2016 were reviewed to identify patients with pituitary adenoma arising after surgical resection of RCC, and a systematic search of the literature was also performed to identify such patient reports, as well as reports of concomitant pituitary adenoma and RCC. Of 837 transsphenoidal operations from our own experience, one patient with pituitary adenoma occurring after RCC resection was identified and is reported here. A systematic review of the literature resulted in identification of 34 patients with concomitant RCC and pituitary adenoma and no incidents of pituitary adenoma occurring after resection of RCC. Concomitant occurrence of RCC and pituitary adenoma was more commonly diagnosed in women (61%), at a median age of diagnosis of 44 years. The RCC histological analysis in these patients consistently described ciliated columnar or cuboidal epithelium. Although rare, the presence of a new, pathologically-distinct lesions in the sella after prior surgical treatment, is possible. During post-operative monitoring, physicians should consider that what appears as a "recurrent" lesion may actually be growth of a new and entirely different lesion.
Acoustic Nanofluidics via Room‐Temperature Lithium Niobate Bonding: A Platform for Actuation and Manipulation of Nanoconfined Fluids and Particles

Controlled nanoscale manipulation of fluids and colloids is made exceptionally difficult by the dominance of surface and viscous forces. Acoustic waves have recently been found to overcome similar problems in microfluidics, but their ability to do so at the nanoscale remains curiously unexplored. Here, it is shown that 20 MHz surface acoustic waves (SAW) can manipulate fluids, fluid droplets, and particles, and drive irregular and chaotic fluid flow within fully transparent, high-aspect ratio 50–250 nm tall nanoslits fabricated via a new direct, room temperature bonding method for lithium niobate (LN). Applied in the same direction, SAW increases the capillary filling rate of the hydrophilic LN nanoslit by 2–5 times. Applied in opposition, the SAW switches the flow direction and drains the channel against 1 MPa capillary pressure, and can be used to controllably manipulate ≈10 fL droplets. Finally, entire 10 μL droplets can be sieved via SAW through the nanoslit to pass only particles smaller than its height, providing pumpless size exclusion separation.