cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Uptake, distribution, and elimination of carbon tetrachloride in rat tissues following inhalation and ingestion exposures.

Abstract Carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4 ) has been studied extensively for its hepatotoxic effects. There is a paucity of information, however, about its tissue deposition following administration by different routes and patterns of exposure. The specific objective of this study was to delineate the uptake, distribution, and elimination of CCl 4 in tissues of rats subjected to equivalent oral and inhalation exposures. Male Sprague–Dawley rats (325–375 g) were exposed to 1000 ppm CCl 4 for 2 hr. The total absorbed dose (179 mg CCl 4 /kg bw) was administered to other groups of rats as a single oral bolus or by constant gastric infusion over a period of 2 hr. Animals were terminated at selected time intervals during and postexposure and tissues (liver, kidney, lung, brain, fat, skeletal muscle, spleen, heart, and GI tract) removed for measurement of their CCl 4 content by headspace gas chromatography. CCl 4 levels in all tissues were much lower in the gastric infusion group than in the oral bolus and inhalation groups. Inhalation resulted in relatively high tissue CCl 4 concentrations, because inhaled chemicals enter the arterial circulation and are transported directly to organs throughout the body. It seems logical that the liver should accumulate more CCl 4 following ingestion than following inhalation. This did not prove to be the case when comparing liver AUC values for the gastric infusion and inhalation groups. Substantially lower CCl 4 concentrations in the liver of animals in the gastric infusion group appeared to be due to very rapid metabolic clearance of the relatively small amounts of CCl 4 entering the liver over the 2-hr infusion period. It was hypothesized that the capacity of first-pass hepatic and pulmonary elimination could be exceeded, if CCl 4 were given as a single, large oral bolus. Indeed, deposition of CCl 4 in all tissues was greater in the oral bolus group than in the gastric infusion group. The time courses of uptake and elimination of CCl 4 appeared to be governed largely by a tissue's rate of blood perfusion and lipid content. CCl 4 was rapidly taken up, for example, by the brain and liver. These organs’ CCl 4 content then diminished, as CCl 4 was metabolized and redistributed to adipose tissue. CCl 4 accumulated slowly, but to very high concentrations, in fat and remained elevated for a prolonged period. Thus, concentrations of CCl 4 in some tissues may not be reflective of blood levels. The most appropriate measure of internal dose for CCl 4 acute hepatotoxicity appears to be the area under tissue concentration versus time curve from 0 to 30 min. Tissue time–course data sets are essential for the refinement and validation of physiological models for CCl 4 and other volatile organic chemicals.
Gender wage differences and human capital in the early twentieth century: the case of the paper box industry in New York

Women employed in the New York paper box industry in 1913–1914 earned about 60% of what men did. This paper employs the human capital framework to analyze the wage differential due to productivity related factors versus discriminatory nepotism towards men. Years of schooling, years of experience in the paper box trade, and legislative restrictions on working hours of women account for virtually all of the observed wage differential, both for all men and women in the paper box industry, and between the skilled occupations of cutters and strippers.
B-cell lymphomas morphologically resembling T-cell lymphomas

Seven cases of B-cell lymphoma that morphologically resembled T-cell lymphoma are described. These cases are of four morphologic types: atypical poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma (PDLL) with convoluted nuclei, "Lennert's" lymphoma, mixed lymphocytic-"histiocytic" lymphoma with large variation in size of abnormal cells, and "histiocytic" lymphoma with large multilobed nuclei. These cases add further support to the belief that morphologic criteria alone are not sufficient for accurate immunologic classification of the malignant lymphomas since they may represent a distinct clinicopathologic entity.
The Beggar's Opera and opéra-comique en vaudevilles

J OHN Gay created ballad opera with The Beggar's pera of 1728 by capitalizing on the richness of traditional song in the British Isles, just as Alain Lesage had a few years earlier seized on popular French songs when creating a new kind of satirical comedy-opera-comique. The French genre had a perilous gestation, but once born it turned out to be a resilient child.' Buffeted by royal privileges that granted spoken drama to the Comedie Frangaise, sung drama to the Opera, and commedia dell'arte to the The*ttre Italien, opera-comique survived only by paying fees to one or more of the three royal companies. A product of the humble suburban theatres associated with the seasonal trade fairs of Saint Germain and Saint Laurent, opera-comique was by nature a popular spectacle. Nicholas van Blarenberghe captured the hurly-burly of the winter fair at Saint Germain in a miniature painting of 1763 (illus.1), showing actors enticing the crowd to enter their theatre. Above the door on a platform struts a
Intramitochondrial and extramitochondrial free calcium ion concentrations of suspensions of heart mitochondria with very low, plausibly physiological, contents of total calcium.

The 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase of intact rat heart mitochondria is activated by Ca2+, with 50% activation at approximately 0.5 nmol of total Ca/mg of mitochondrial protein, in the presence of Pi and Mg2+. Mitochondrial Ca contents in excess of 2 nmol/mg of protein result in 100% activation of the enzyme. Investigation of Ca2+ release from the mitochondria using the metallochromic indicator Arsenazo III defines aS0.5 of 5.4±0.4 nmol of Ca/mg of protein, when the endogenous Ca content of the mitochondria is progressively depleted with EGTA, prior to the initiation of the release process being studied. The subsequent determination of matrix free Ca2+ concentration by the “null-point” technique has allowed expression of these results in terms of free concentration rather than Ca content, with an activity coefficient of approximately 0.001 for matrix Ca2+. From the above, Ca2+ efflux from heart mitochondria is not saturated at the mitochondrial Ca contents or Ca2+ concentrations which give effective regulation of dehydrogenase activity. A consequence is that heart mitochondria do not buffer the pCa of the extramitochondrial medium at these Ca contents (<2 nmol/mg of protein), and this is shown in direct measurements of extramitochondrial pCa. This is taken to question the physiological significance of mitochondrial buffering of cytosolic free Ca2+ in normal heart.
Molecular dynamics simulation study of the mechanisms of water diffusion in a hydrated, amorphous polyamide

Abstract Atomistic, molecular dynamics simulations of water diffusion in a hydrated, amorphous polyamide have been carried out to study the effects of polymer dynamics, cross-linking, and hydrogen bonding interactions on the molecular mechanisms of diffusion. This polymer was selected as a model for the discriminating layer of FT-30 reverse osmosis membranes, used commercially for water desalination. Analysis of the configurations generated during the simulations shows that, at the relatively high water content studied, a continuous water phase is formed which permeates the polymer and consists of more than 90% of all waters of hydration. Water diffusion takes place by distinct “jump-like” movements between weakly localized sites in this continuous phase. The jump length is on average ∼3A, independent of the system studied, and is most likely defined by the local, cooperative rearrangement of water molecules. However, the jump frequency, or equivalently, the rate of water diffusion varies from system to system, and depends on polymer dynamics and cross-linking density, and more significantly, on water–water hydrogen bonding interactions.
Transverse distribution of suspended sediment below river confluences

At the confluences of the Arkansas River with three of its important tributaries near Tulsa and Muskogee, Oklahoma, the water of each stream retains its identity as far as suspended load is concerned for a considerable distance downstream from the confluence. Presented here are selected observations of suspended sediment concentration, illustrating its transverse distribution for various rates of discharge.
Localization of a site interacting with human platelet receptor on carboxy-terminal segment of human fibrinogen γ chain

Abstract We report that the 27-residue carboxy-terminal cyanogen bromide fragment of human fibrinogen γ chain inhibits binding of [ 125 I]fibrinogen to human platelet receptors and blocks fibrinogen-mediated aggregation of ADP-treated human platelets. The blocking activity of the peptide was preserved after proteolysis of the isolated peptide with staphylococcal protease to generate a mixture of a dodecapeptide and a pentadecapeptide. Trypsin treatment destroyed blocking activity of the isolated peptide. These results indicate that the site responsible for the interaction of human fibrinogen with the platelet receptor resides in the 27-residue carboxy-terminal region of the γ chain.
Treatment of lagophthalmos of the eye with a custom prosthesis

Inability to close the eyelids (lagophthalmos) is a major problem for patients with facial paralysis. Various treatment modalities and combinations can be used to restore function and esthetics. Lid loading is an effective method of treatment and can be further enhanced by custom fabrication of the prosthesis. The dentist functions as an integral part of the treatment team, working with the plastic surgeon and ophthalmologist to achieve the most functional and esthetic result.
Nonlinear spoof surface plasmon polariton phenomena based on conductor metamaterials

We present nonlinear phenomena produced from spoof surface plasmon polariton (SSPP) modes. Below the THz spectrum, artificially textured conducting metastructures on a subwavelength scale generate surface-bound modes and are called SSPP modes, similar to surface plasmon polariton (SPP) modes in the visible spectrum. Even though nonlinear effects in the THz domain are negligible, subwavelength metallic gap structures are ideal candidates to realize nonlinear behavior in the THz domain because of slow light propagation, strong electromagnetic confinement, and a high quality factor Q. In particular, when SSPP structures are combined with Kerr nonlinear materials, nonlinear-bistable curves can be observed below the THz spectrum.
Management of Papillary Breast Lesions Diagnosed on Core-Needle Biopsy: Clinical Pathologic and Radiologic Analysis of 276 Cases with Surgical Follow-Up

Background Clinical management of papillary breast lesions (PBLs) remains controversial. The objective of this study was to identify pathologic and radiologic predictors of malignancy from a large cohort of PBLs diagnosed on core-needle biopsy (CNB). Study Design Retrospective review of the institutional pathology database identified all PBLs diagnosed from 2001 to 2009 and surgically excised within 6 months of diagnosis. PBLs were divided into intraductal papilloma (IDP) and IDP associated with atypical ductal or lobular hyperplasia (ADH/ALH). Surgical pathology of all lesions was reviewed and upgrade was defined as a change to a lesion of greater clinical significance, including ALH, ADH, lobular, or ductal carcinoma in situ (LCIS or DCIS), and invasive ducal carcinoma (IDC). Results We identified 276 patients (mean age 56 years; range 23 to 88 years) with PBLs on CNB. Seventy-nine patients (28.6%) upgraded to a lesion of greater clinical significance. Of the 234 (84.7%) had IDP only, 42 (17.9%) upgraded to ADH, and 21 (8.9%) to DCIS or IDC. Of the 42 (15.3%) patients with associated ADH or ALH on CNB, 16 (38.0%) upgraded to DCIS or IDC. The majority of patients (n = 173, 62.6%) had no breast symptoms. All patients had an abnormal mammogram and/or ultrasound that prompted the CNB. Among all clinical and radiographic variables analyzed, older age alone was predictive of upgrade. Conclusions Frequent upgrade to a high-risk lesion or cancer is observed with IDPs diagnosed on CNB without adequate identifiable clinical and radiographic risk factors. Surgical excision should be performed for all IDPs to delineate subsequent clinical management.
Time evolution of landslide damages to buildings: the case study of Lungro (Calabria, southern Italy)

In the last decades, building damage caused by landslides in urban areas has increased due to the rapid growth of urbanization even on landslide-prone slopes. This work presents the analysis results of landslide damage evolution by means of a macrodamage index in relation to the characteristics of landslides. The study area is located in southern Italy, and is affected by slow-moving landslides, which, over time, have caused relevant effects on the buildings. A series of geological and geomorphological studies and field surveys, supported by monitoring via conventional geotechnical techniques, allowed us to classify four categories of landslides based on the following criteria: landslide movement, type of material and estimated depth. Detailed field surveys aimed at evaluating distribution and evolution of the damage to buildings located within and near the unstable area were carried out in 2005 and 2011. The evaluation of the macrodamage index in two different years enabled us to directly correlate the features of the landslide categories and their effects on the urban fabric.
Cytotoxicity of Algae Extracts on Normal and Malignant Cells

Algae preparations are commonly used in alternative medicine. We examined the effects of algae extracts on normal hematopoietic cells and leukemia cells. Ethanol extracts were prepared of Dunaliella salina (Dun), Astaxanthin (Ast), Spirulina platensis (Spir), and Aphanizomenon flos-aquae (AFA). Cell viability effects were completed by Annexin staining. Ast and AFA inhibited HL-60 and MV-4-11 whereas Dun and Spir had no effect. Primary AML blasts demonstrated increased apoptosis in AFA. Primary CLL cells showed apoptosis at 24 hours after exposure to Dun, Ast, Spir, and AFA. High AFA concentrations decreased viability of normal marrow cells. Normal CD34+ viability was inhibited by Dun. Dun and AFA inhibited BFU-E, but all extracts inhibited CFU-GM. Cell-cycle analysis of AML cell lines showed G0/G1 arrest in the presence of AFA. These data suggest that algae extracts may inhibit AML cell lines and leukemia blasts, but they may also have potential inhibitory effects on normal hematopoiesis.
Electrostatic Force Microscopy and Secondary Electron Imaging of Double Stacking Faults in Heavily n -type 4H-SiC after Oxidation

Thermal processing or oxidation of 4H-SiC with n-type doping above about 3×1019 cm−3 is known to produce double Shockley stacking faults spontaneously. The resulting region of 3C stacking order acts like a quantum well in the 4H matrix and becomes negatively charged due to modulation doping. Some of these quantum well regions penetrate into the lightly-doped epilayers and intersect the wafer surface as straight lines, due to the 8o misorientation of the wafer from the c-axis. These intersections appear as bright lines in secondary electron images, which we tentatively attribute to increased secondary electron yield due to repulsion of secondary electrons from the negative charge in the quantum wells. Electrostatic force microscopy (EFM) and scanning Kelvin probe microscopy (SKPM) also produce clear images of the quantum well intersections, independent of surface topography. These images are similar to the SEM images.
3397 Diagnostic yield of extensive gastrointestinal work-up of iron deficiency anemia in african americans: a prospective study.

INTRODUCTION Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) occurs in 5% of adult men and postmenopausal women. Gastrointestinal work up for occult bleeding is the standard of care. All studies of IDA are mainly in Caucasians or heterogenous populations. This is the first prospective study evaluating IDA in African Americans (AA). AIM Prospective determination of etiology of IDA in AA METHODS We screened for IDA in our consult service. AA without extraintestinal blood loss & IDA (Hgb
Abstract 1360: Design, synthesis, and target validation of T315, a putative ILK inhibitor

Objectives of the study: Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) is an intracellular adaptor and kinase that links the cell adhesion receptors, integrins and growth factors to the actin cytoskeleton and is a component of multiple signaling pathways. Recent studies have demonstrated that ILK is highly expressed in various cancers, and that inhibition of ILK expression and activity may serve as an attractive strategy for cancer therapy. An important substrate of ILK is protein kinase B (PKB)/Akt, which ILK phosphorylates at the S473 site, thereby contributing to its activation. The objective of our work is to develop a novel potent small molecule inhibitor of ILK. Methodology: Previously, we developed AR12 (formerly OSU-03012), a novel celecoxib-derived inhibitor of phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 (PDK1) that downregulates PKB/Akt phosphorylation at T308 (known as the PDK1 site) and induces apoptosis and growth inhibition in cancer cells by blocking the PI3K/Akt pathway. However, to become fully activated, PKB/Akt requires both phosphorylation at two sites_T308/S473. Using OSU-03012 as a lead, we synthesized a series of derivatives to generate a small kinase inhibitor library, which was screened for compounds that could specifically downregulate PKB/Akt phosphorylation at S473, which is known as the PDK2 target site. The MTT assay was used to examine cancer cell viability after drug treatment. A radiometric ILK kinase assay was used to assess the ILK kinase inhibitory activities of the compounds. Cellular protein levels and phosphorylation status of ILK downstream targets were determined in drug-treated cells by western blot analysis. Results & Conclusions: The screening of our focused AR12-derived kinase inhibitor library identified T315 as an efficient inhibitor of PKB/Akt phosphorylation at S473 without altering phosphorylation at the T308 site. Moreover, T315 demonstrated strong cytotoxicity against prostate cancer cell lines (PC-3 and LNCaP cells; IC 50 , 2.0 and 1.8 μM, respectively), but not primary nonmalignant prostate epithelial cells. To date, the phosphorylation of PKB/Akt at its PDK2 site has been attributed to at least ten candidate kinases, including PKCα/βII, mTORC2, ILK, and ATM. After examination of several signaling pathways by western blotting, two downstream signaling effectors of ILK, GSK-3β and MLC2, were shown to be downregulated by T315 in a dose-dependent manner, while downstream targets of mTORC2, another PDK2 candidate, were unchanged by T315 treatment. Importantly, T315 also dose-dependently inhibited ILK kinase activity (IC 50 Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1360. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1360
Energy shifts of K X-ray lines from tri- and tetravalent praseodymium

Abstract The energy shifts of the Kα 2 , Kα 1 , Kβ 1 and Kβ 2 X rays from different pairs of trivalent and tetravalent Pr compounds were measured with the Caltech 2m bent crystal spectrometer. The results are compared with a relativistic self-consistent field calculation. It is concluded from a preliminary analysis that approximately 0.5 of a 4f electron charge is transferred to the ligands, the 4f electron charge transfer being chiefly responsible for the chemical shift. From this result an estimate of the change in the electron density at the nucleus is made.
A Quasi-Harmonic Calculation of Lattice Dynamics for Na

We have applied a phenomenological model for a quasi-harmonic calculation of the lattice dynamics for Na. The lattice potential is separated into the electrostatic energy, the ion-core exchange repulsion and the screened electron-ion potential. The ion exchange term is taken to be the Born-Meyer type potential. The model pseudopotential suggested by Heine and Abarenkov is used for the screened potential. The model parameters are determined from the elastic constants. First we calculate the dispersion curves at 90 °K which agree very well with the neutron scattering data. Then the calculation is extended to the temperature and pressure dependences of dispersion curves. Our result indicates that the phonon frequencies are almost inversely proportional to the volume, a fact which is needed in the Gruneisen equation of state for solids. The martensitic transformation of Na is discussed according to the temperature dependence of the [1110] shear waves along [110] direction. Some related electronic properties such as the Fermi surface distortion and the liquid metal resistivity have also been calculated as a function of pressure. Zur quasiharmonischen Berechnung der Gitterdynamik von Na wird ein phanomenologisches Modell benutzt. Das Gitterpotential wird in die elektrostatische Energie, die Ionen-Rumpf-Austauschwechselwirkung und in das abgeschirmte Elektron-Ionpotential geteilt. Als Ion-Austauschterm wird das Born-Meyer-Potential genommen, fur das abgeschirmte Potential das Modell-Pseudopotential von Heine und Abarenkov benutzt. Die Modellparameter werden aus den elastischen Konstanten bestimmt. Zuerst werden die Dispersionskurven bei 90 °K berechnet, die sehr gut mit den Daten der Neutronenstreuung ubereinstimmen. Dann werden die Berechnungen auf die Temperatur- und Druckabhangigkeit der Dispersionskurven ausgedehnt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, das die Phononenfrequenzen meistens umgekehrt proportional zum Volumen sind, eine Tatsache, die in der Gruneisen-Zustandsgleichung fur Festkorper benutzt wird. Die Martensit-Transformation von Na wird zusammen mit der Temperaturabhangigkeit der [110]-Scherwellen in [110]-Richtung diskutiert. Einige damit zusammenhangende elektronische Eigenschaften, wie die Verzerrung der Fermiflache und der Widerstand des flussigen Metalls werden als Funktionen des Drucks berechnet.
Comparative fracture toughness of an ultrafine grained Fe-Ni alloy at liquid helium temperature

The fracture behavior of an Fe-12 Ni-0.25 Ti alloy, grain refined through thermal cycling was studied down to liquid helium temperature using a simple method of cryogenic fracture toughness testing. Comparison tests were also made with two other common cryogenic alloys. Ultrafine grained Fe-12 Ni-0.25 Ti alloy, which is 100 pct ferritic, behaved in a ductile manner similar to 304 austenitic steel. It was shown that the ductile-brittle transition temperature of the ferritic steel specimen can be suppressed below liquid helium temperature by grain refinement even in the presence of a sharp crack. Yield strength of 149 ksi with fracture toughness of 307 ksi√in. at liquid nitrogen temperature, and yield strength of 195 ksi with fracture toughness of 232 ksi√in. at liquid helium temperature were obtained.
Halogen ions and NO + in the mass spectra of aerosols in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere

Mass spectra of individual aerosol particles were acquired at altitudes up to 19 km during the WB-57 Aerosol Mission. Fluorine and chlorine were more abundant in tropospheric aerosols than in stratospheric aerosols. Chlorine in tropospheric aerosols was often associated with organics, soot, and mineral dust. Small amounts of perchlorate were observed in stratospheric sulfate aerosols, but aerosols do not represent a significant sink for total fluorine or chlorine in the lower stratosphere. Bromine was most common in aerosols just above the tropopause, where it may represent a significant fraction of inorganic Br. Both bromine and iodine were highly correlated with organics and probably were present in particles with Hg. The OH− and NO+ peak areas increased at temperatures below 195 K, providing evidence for the uptake of H2O and HNO3 by aerosols near a cold tropopause. There was evidence for uptake of chlorine but not the other halogens below 190 K.
Decreased bone formation and increased mineral dissolution during acute fasting in young women.

Severe chronic undernutrition is associated with decreased bone turnover and significant bone loss. However, little is known about the short-term effects of nutritional deprivation on bone turnover. To investigate the effects of short-term fasting on bone metabolism and the contribution of acidosis to these changes, 14 healthy women ages 18-26 (mean, 21 +/- 2 (SD years) were randomized to potassium bicarbonate (KHCO3, 2 meq/kg/day in divided doses) to prevent acidosis or control (potassium chloride, 25 meq/day) during a complete 4-day fast. Bone turnover was assessed using specific markers of formation [osteocalcin (OC) and Type I procollagen carboxyl-terminal propeptide (PICP)] and resorption [pyridinoline (PYRX) and deoxypyridinoline (DPYRX)]. Serum bicarbonate levels fell significantly from 27.0 +/- 3.2 to 17.3 +/- 2.6 mmol/L (P < 0.01) in the control group and were decreased compared to patients receiving KHCO3 [17.3 +/- 2.6 vs. 23.4 +/- 2.4 mmol/L, (P < 0.001)]. Serum total and ionized calcium increa...
Magnetization and Specific Absorption Rate Studies of Ball-Milled Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Biomedicine

Comparative studies are presented of iron oxide nanoparticles in the 7–15 nm average diameter range ball milled in hexane in the presence of oleic acid. Transmission electron microscopy identified spherical particles of decreasing size as milling time and/or surfactant concentration increased. Micromagnetic characterization via Mossbauer spectroscopy at room temperature yielded broadened magnetic spectroscopic signatures, while macromagnetic characterization via vibrating sample magnetometry of 7-8 nm diameter particles showed largely superparamagnetic behavior at room temperature and hysteretic at 2 K. Zero-field and field-cooled magnetization curves exhibited a broad maximum at ~215 K indicating the presence of strong interparticle magnetic interactions. The specific absorption rates of ferrofluids based on these nanoparticle preparations were measured in order to test their efficacies as hyperthermia agents.
Refinement and comparisons of the crystal structures of pig cytosolic aspartate aminotransferase and its complex with 2-methylaspartate.

Two high resolution crystal structures of cytosolic aspartate aminotransferase from pig heart provide additional insights into the stereochemical mechanism for ligand-induced conformational changes in this enzyme. Structures of the homodimeric native structure and its complex with the substrate analog 2-methylaspartate have been refined, respectively, with 1.74-Å x-ray diffraction data to an R value of 0.170, and with 1.6-Å data to an R value of 0.173. In the presence of 2-methylaspartate, one of the subunits (subunit 1) shows a ligand-induced conformational change that involves a large movement of the small domain (residues 12–49 and 327–412) to produce a "closed" conformation. No such transition is observed in the other subunit (subunit 2), because crystal lattice contacts lock it in an "open" conformation like that adopted by subunit 1 in the absence of substrate. By comparing the open and closed forms of cAspAT, we propose a stereochemical mechanism for the open-to-closed transition that involves the electrostatic neutralization of two active site arginine residues by the negative charges of the incoming substrate, a large change in the backbone (φ,ψ) conformational angles of two key glycine residues, and the entropy-driven burial of a stretch of hydrophobic residues on the N-terminal helix. The calculated free energy for the burial of this "hydrophobic plug" appears to be sufficient to serve as the driving force for domain closure.
Effect of coenzyme A on the metabolic oxidation of labeled fatty acids: rate studies, instrumentation and liver fractionation.

The effect of pantothenic acid deficiency on the rate of C{sup 14}O{sub 2} excretion and on distribution of radioactivity in liver fractions has been studied in rats given sodium acetate-2-C{sup 14} and sodium heptanoate-7-C{sup 14} The rate of excretion of breath C{sub 14}O has been measured by use of a method in which a sensitive ionization chamber and electrometer directly and continuously record carbon-14 excretion. The labeled fatty acids are more rapidly metabolized to C{sup 14}O{sub 2} in PAD rats than in normal rats. CoA depresses the C{sup 14}O excretion 2 in both normal and PAD rats in experiments with either labeled acid. There are differences in the oxidation of these two fatty acids, and the differences are consistent with postulated metabolic schemes. CoA increases radioactivity deposited in the fat of the liver, but does not appreciably change the radioactivity incorporated in the protein and nonsaponifiable lipid fractions.
Accessibility and Land Use: The Case of Suburban Seattle, 1960-1990

STANILOV K. (2003) Accessibility and land use: the case of suburban Seattle, 1960-1990, Reg. Studies 37 , 783-794. This paper explores the relationship between land use and accessibility through analysis of changing land use covers in the suburban areas of Greater Seattle over a period of 30 years. Two simple interpretations of accessibility are employed. Relative accessibility is used to investigate changes in suburban growth patterns relative to the distance to the metropolitan central business district while integral accessibility reflects the correlation between the pattern of distribution of land uses and the pattern of the regional transportation network. The first model points to a weakening of the impact of the metropolitan core on the distribution of suburban activities. The second model shows a remarkably strong and consistent relationship between patterns of land use development and accessibility to high-class regional roads providing a strong confirmation of the bid- rent model on the micro sc...
How Similar are Wise Men and Women? A Comparison Across Two Age Cohorts

Orwoll and Achenbaum (1993) suggest that the path to wisdom might be considerably different for men and women, although a wise person might have integrated the feminine and masculine aspects of wisdom. Using samples of 464 undergraduate college students and 178 older adults (age 52+), univariate and multivariate analyses of variance revealed that wisdom (measured by cognitive, reflective, and affective characteristics) was unrelated to gender. Women, however, tended to score higher on the affective dimension of wisdom than men. By contrast, men tended to outperform women on the cognitive wisdom dimension only among the older cohort. The results might reflect gender-specific socialization practices and changes in those practices for the younger cohort. As predicted, no significant differences between men and women were found in the three dimensions of wisdom among the top 25% of wisdom scorers, suggesting that relatively wise persons have integrated the cognitive and affective dimensions of wisdom.
Italy from without: An introduction:

There is no doubt that current debates on Italian national identity, and on the meaning of Italian history, are very lively; of late, these discussions have been very effective in questioning the many cliches and established paradigms concerning nationalism and nation-building. But it is equally true that reflections on Italian national identity have, over time, been mired in a narrow internalist perspective that has neglected the larger historical and geopolitical processes which shaped the emergence of the nation before and during the first 150 years of its existence. It is only recently that scholars interested in the many aspects of Italian nationalism have begun to account for the international dimensions of Italy’s creation. Indeed, if our idea of the Italian nation is ‘a cultural artifact of a particular kind,’ as Benedict Anderson defines it (encouraging us to look at the concept of national identity not as an inherited or inevitable happenstance, but as a deliberate and artificial creation linked to the emergence of a new ruling elite), we need to expand our critical field to ask how such a cultural artifact has been created from both inside and outside the geographical and conceptual borders of the nation. However, attention to the European – indeed global – aspects of the Italian nation has not always been central to nationalist expressions, celebrations, histories and historical reconstructions of the Risorgimento, which have generally focused on the fight for unification and the figure of proverbial and quintessentially Italian heroes, Garibaldi above all. This is perhaps hardly surprising, since the process of Italian unification was, in significant part, a battle against attempts by competing external interests to intervene in and control the peninsula. The history of the Italian Risorgimento has consequently been constructed as fundamentally a history from within, one founded on a myth of an essential Italianita, that binds together the diverse communities of the region to produce an integral national whole. This belief in the existence of an ancient Italianita, understood as a historical entity shaped by the native populations of the peninsula through successive generations, was the presupposition shared by all the patriots of the Risorgimento; it served to affirm the right of Italians to a unified state that was independent, sovereign
Dream chip 1: a timed priority queue

Real-time programs often need a time-tagged priority queue that must be updated on the tick of a clock. A prime example of such a queue is a list of filter coefficients that must be changed on a given sample clock. A single chip that manages a time-tagged priority queue is proposed. The queue connects either to a static random access memory (SRAM) or directly to a digital signal processor (DSP) microprocessor. The SRAM would be part of the address space of a DSP microprocessor executing digital filter code. >
Investigation of metastable states and nucleation in the kinetic Ising model

The relaxation of a two-dimensional Ising ferromagnet after a sudden reversal of the applied magnetic field is studied from various points of view, including nucleation theories, computer experiments, and a scaling theory, to provide a description for the metastable states and the kinetics of the magnetization reversal. Metastable states are characterized by a "flatness" property of the relaxation function. The Monte Carlo method is used to simulate the relaxation process for finite $L\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}L$ square lattices ($L=55, 110, 220 \mathrm{and} 440, \mathrm{respectively}$); no dependence on $L$ is found for these systems in the range of magnetic fields calculated. The metastable states found for small enough fields terminate at a rather well-defined "coercive field," where no singular behavior of the susceptibility can be detected, within the accuracy of the numerical calculation. In order to explain these results an approximate theory of cluster dynamics is derived from the master equation, and Fisher's static-cluster model, generalizing the more conventional nucleation theories. It is shown that the properties of the metastable states (including their lifetimes) derived from this treatment are quite consistent with the numerical data, although the details of the dynamics of cluster distributions are somewhat different. This treatment contradicts the mean-field theory and other extrapolations, predicting the existence of a spinodal curve. In order to elucidate the possible analytic behavior of the coercive field we discuss a generalization of the scaling equation of state, which includes the metastable states in agreement with our data.
The characteristics and distribution of International Medical Graduates from mainland China, Taiwan, and Hong Kong in the US

As healthcare systems around the world are facing increasing physician shortages, more physicians are migrating from low to high income countries. Differences in medical education and international interaction may have significant effect on physician flows. The Chinese Medical Graduates (CMGs) in the US present an interesting case to examine this effect. This paper evaluated the current number and historical trends of CMGs in the US from mainland China, Taiwan, and Hong Kong comparing their differences and similarities in terms of demographic and geographic characteristics. Since 2000, the number of CMGs in the US showed a consistent upward trend at a rate of approximately 206 additional graduates per year. In 2010, there were 8,797 CMGs in the US. Compared to CMGs from mainland China, CMGs from Taiwan and Hong Kong were much older. Much larger proportion of Taiwan and Hong Kong CMGs were male. However, they were more likely to practice in solo settings than mainland CMGs. The vast majority of CMGs are concentrated in urban areas and no significant differences were found for their distributions in underserved areas. However, a larger proportion of Taiwan and Hong Kong CMGs were in western coastal states; whereas a larger proportion of mainland CMGs were located in eastern coastal states. Fluctuations in CMG numbers in the US reflect the significant differences within the medical education systems among the three. The seemingly homogenous CMGs in the US do show significant differences. Given the magnitude and historical trends of migration of CMGs to the US, further exploration of its causes and impact is needed.
A NEW SPECIES OF COREOCARPUS (COMPOSITAE: HELIANTHEAE) FROM SAN PEDRO NOLASCO ISLAND, MEXICO

A new species of Coreocarpus endemic to San Pedro Nolasco Island, Mexico, C. sanpedroensis, is described and illustrated.
Capacitive charging and desalination dynamics of a packed-bed reactor.

We study theoretically the charging and desalination dynamics of a packed-bed reactor comprising two percolating granular aggregates that form two porous electrodes. The two porous electrodes are separated with an ion-permeable, electrically insulating spacer, are confined between two long, parallel, current collecting plates, and are saturated with an electrolyte solution. The porous electrodes are ideally polarizable. The electrolyte is binary, and dilute. The electric double layers next to the pore surface are thin. We use volume-averaging (homogenization) theory for porous electrodes and the Gouy–Chapman–Stern model for the electric double layer. Both the cases of finite and infinite aggregate electric conductivities subjected to step changes in the collecting plates' potentials are considered. We determine the potential and concentration distributions and the charging time as functions of space, time, and reactor characteristics. Significantly, we find that the charging time depends only weakly on the solid matrix conductivity as long as the solid matrix conductivity is of comparable magnitude or greater than that of the electrolyte. Furthermore, there is an optimal, finite solid matrix conductivity for which the charging time is minimized.
Designing Interventions to Persuade Software Developers to Adopt Security Tools

The nature of security information workers' jobs requires a certain level of care and attention to detail. There exist tools that can assist these workers with their daily tasks; however, workers may not be using these tools. Research suggests persuasive techniques can positively affect a worker's outlook on a given technology. We attempt to develop an effective way to motivate security workers to adopt and use security tools by using persuasive design guidelines. We present an system that generates automated emails to inform software developers of FindBugs, a tool that detects potential vulnerabilities within a project. We discuss the decisions supporting our overall design of the automated emails.
Self-localized surface modes on anharmonic crystals

Abstract An approach based on the lattice Green function method for a semi-infinite crystal, and the use of the rotating wave approximation, is developed to investigate the existence of high frequency self-localized anharmonic surface vibrations. Solutions are found for such simple models as a semi-infinite linear chain and a scalar model of a simple cubic crystal with a (001) free surface. The frequencies of the modes and the amplitudes of the atomic displacements are calculated. The stability of the modes is also investigated.
Multiple forms of myeloperoxidase from human neutrophilic granulocytes: evidence for differences in compartmentalization, enzymatic activity, and subunit structure.

Abstract Multiple forms of myeloperoxidase from normal human neutrophilic granulocytes obtained from a single donor can be resolved by carboxymethyl (CM)-cellulose ion-exchange column chromatography into three forms (I, II, and III) designated in order of elution of adsorbed enzyme using a linear salt gradient. Selective solubilization of individual forms of the enzyme by detergent (form I) or high-ionic-strength procedures (forms II and III) suggested that these forms of the enzyme were compartmentalized differently. All three forms were purified by a combination of preferential extraction, manipulation of ionic strength, and ion-exchange and molecular sieve chromatography. Purified forms II and III had similar specific activities for a variety of substrates. Form I was less active toward several of these same substrates, most notably iodide, with a specific activity about one-half that of forms II and III. All forms had similar spectral properties characteristic of a type a heme. The amino acid compositions of the three forms were similar, yet significant differences were found in selected residues such as the charged amino acids. Native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis resolved small differences in mobility between the forms which were consistent with the charge heterogeneity observed on CM-cellulose. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis data were consistent with the generally accepted subunit structure of two heavy chains and two light chains. All three forms contained a small-molecular-weight subunit of M r 11,500. Form I contained a large subunit of M r 63,000, while forms II and III contained a corresponding subunit of M r approximately 57,500. We conclude that heterogeneity of human myeloperoxidase is accompanied by differences in cellular Compartmentalization, enzymatic activity, and subunit structure.
Membrane Remodeling By N-bar Domains At All Scales: Theory And Simulation Of The Ensemble Effect

We address the concentration and composition dependent remodeling of cell membranes by N-BAR domains through a combination of large scale atomistic molecular dynamics simulations and mesoscopic simulation. The atomistic simulations approach the problem from the short length- and timescale end, studying the relationship between curvature induction, N-BAR oligomerization, and membrane composition on timescales up to 100 nsec and lengthscales up to 50 nm. The results of the atomistic simulations systematically motivate the mesoscopic field theory, which does a remarkable job of predicting experimental morphologies observed at 500 nm lengthscales for a range of conditions.
Perceptions of Benefits and Challenges of Purchasing Local Foods Among Hotel Industry Decision Makers

The purpose of this study was to use the theory of planned behavior to explore hotel industry decision makers’ perceptions of benefits and challenges of purchasing locally produced foods in a Midwestern state. Using interviews and questionnaires, this study showed that perceived behavior control influenced decision makers’ behavioral intention, while attitudes and subjective norms did not. Purchasing local foods was perceived as beneficial, but decision makers experienced challenges with purchasing. This study provides local food producers with insights into the needs of the hotel industry and addressing those needs will open a new market for local food producers.
Modality and Morphology What We Write May Not Be What We Say

Written language is an evolutionarily recent human invention; consequently, its neural substrates cannot be determined by the genetic code. How, then, does the brain incorporate skills of this type? One possibility is that written language is dependent on evolutionarily older skills, such as spoken language; another is that dedicated substrates develop with expertise. If written language does depend on spoken language, then acquired deficits of spoken and written language should necessarily co-occur. Alternatively, if at least some substrates are dedicated to written language, such deficits may doubly dissociate. We report on 5 individuals with aphasia, documenting a double dissociation in which the production of affixes (e.g., the -ing in jumping) is disrupted in writing but not speaking or vice versa. The findings reveal that written- and spoken-language systems are considerably independent from the standpoint of morpho-orthographic operations. Understanding this independence of the orthographic system in adults has implications for the education and rehabilitation of people with written-language deficits.
Starting dynamics of dissipative-soliton fiber laser

We study the starting dynamics of an all-normal-dispersion Yb-doped fiber laser experimentally and compare them to an existing stochastic model of starting from quantum noise. The laser reaches mode locking 10 to 100 times faster than a soliton laser with similar parameters. According to the model, the fast starting can be attributed to the large pulse energy in the normal-dispersion laser. We also report direct observations of starting from relaxation oscillations and discuss that process in light of the theory.
TWO NOTES ON DANTE

In my treatment of the first verse of the seventh canto of Dante’s Inferno, I return to my earlier argument that it (Pape Satan, pape Satan aleppe!) and Nimrod’s nonsensical five-word utterance (found at Inf. xxxi. 67, Raphel mai amecche zabi almi) are parodic inversions of the five words of clear speech called for by St. Paul (I Cor. 14: 18–19). In the second of these essays I urge consideration of the possibility, on the basis of details found in Inferno vii and viii, that Dante had not at first decided that the Commedia was to contain one hundred cantos, that his original plan for the work called for considerably fewer.
Oil stability index correlated with sensory determination of oxidative stability in canola oil

The usefulness of the Oil Stability Index (OSI) as an accelerated oxidative stability test for canola oil was studied by correlating the OSI with the induction period as determined by sensory analysis. Canola oil was treated by holding it for differing times (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 d) at elevated temperature (60°C) in the dark with agitation. The sensory induction period (SIP) was determined by storing the five treatments of oil and the control at 60°C in the dark with agitation and removing aliquots of oil for a nine-member sensory panel to evaluate over a 9-d period. The time it took for a treatment to reach an average sensory score of 5 (10-point scoring scale) was defined as the treatment’s SIP. OSI values were obtained on day 0 using a heating block temperature of 110°C and an air pressure of 6 psi. The relationship between SIP and OSI had a 0.89 coefficient of determination (r 2). This relationship may be sufficiently strong to warrant use of the OSI in industry applications but may not be ideal for more precise experimental studies of canola oil shelf life.