cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Environmental Adaptation at Sia Pueblo

The Keresan speaking pueblo of Sia, located on Jemez Creek several miles from its confluence with the Rio Grande in central New Mexico, has long been noted for its extreme conservatism and resistance to acculturation, stemming primarily from the Hispanic period which began in the 16th century. The singular geographic and environmental position of this pueblo, however, has also played a not inconsiderable role in their reticency. Situated between Jemez pueblo upstream and Santa Ana pueblo to the east, Sia has not always been in an enviable position in regard to abundant water supply and tillable land. Stevenson, in 1889, wrote:"Though the Sia have considerable irrigable lands, they have but a meager supply of water, this being due to the fact that after the Mexican towns above them and the pueblo of Jemez have drawn upon the waters of the Jemez river, little is left for the Sia, and in order to have any success with their crops they must curtail the area to be cultivated."
CYP3A4 inhibition by Psoralea corylifolia and its major components in human recombinant enzyme, differentiated human hepatoma HuH-7 and HepaRG cells.

Abstract Psoralea corylifolia ( P. corylifolia ) is a medicinal plant used primarily in herbal dietary supplements to treat skin diseases, such as vitiligo and psoriasis. Case reports of liver toxicity have recently emerged from its use, which often includes co-administration with other herbal products. In this study, CYP3A4 inhibition and hepatotoxicity of P. corylifolia and its major components were evaluated in human recombinant CYP3A4 enzyme, differentiated human hepatoma HuH-7 and HepaRG cells. LC/MS-TOF was used to identify the major components of P. corylifolia fruit methanol–water extract. P. corylifolia and its major bioactive components psoralen and isopsoralen were then incubated with human recombinant CYP3A4 (10 min) or differentiated HuH-7 and HepaRG cells (24 h) prior to CYP3A4 activity and cytotoxicity assays. P. corylifolia extract, psoralen, and isopsoralen concentration dependently inhibited CYP3A4 activity with different potency in the three in vitro systems. No cytotoxicity was observed at any concentration tested. In vitro CYP3A4 inhibition by P. corylifolia and its major components suggests potential drug–dietary supplement interactions that warrant further investigations in vivo .
Sex Difference in Rat Liver Uric Acid Metabolism

Mature female rat livers have a greater uricase activity when measured in vitro than do the livers of mature males. This sex difference is not exhibited by the livers of immature rats, wherein the level of enzyme activity found is essentially that of the mature male. Injection of estradiol-17β into mature males increases the liver uricase activity, whereas injection of testosterone propionate into females decreases this activity. Gonadectomy of either sex has little significant effect. Adrenalectomy reduces the measured uricase activity in both sexes, but does not eliminate the sex difference. Hypophysectomy reduces liver uricase activity in males and females and abolishes the sex difference. Thyroidectomy has no effect on uricase levels, but injection of T4 into female thyroidectomized rats reduces enzyme activity. Injection of estradiol-17β and of GH into hypophysectomized animals lowers the uricase activity; LH and FSH have no effect. ACTH administered to intact rats is ineffective. The results suggest...
Reverse Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization in Miniemulsion

Reverse atom transfer radical polymerization was successfully carried out in a miniemulsion system at 70 °C with a doubled solid content (≥20%) and 1/6 amount of nonionic surfactant, Brij 98 (2.3 wt % based on monomer, or 0.58 wt % based on the aqueous phase), compared to the previously reported system. Hexasubstituted TREN/CuBr2 and 2,2‘-azobis[2-(2-imidazolin-2-yl)propane] dihydrochloride (VA-044) were employed as a highly active radical deactivator and a water-soluble initiator, respectively. Controlled polymerizations were demonstrated by attaining linear correlations between molecular weights and monomer conversion, and relatively narrow molecular weight distributions (<1.5). The resulting latexes showed good colloidal stability with an average particle size around 200−250 nm. Monomer droplet nucleation was proved to be the predominant nucleation mechanism in the system. The polymerization kinetics was governed mainly by the atom transfer equilibrium. Other parameters, such as ligand, surfactant, ini...
Another way to say caloric

This paper offers characterizations of subsolutions of the heat equation u t -Δu=0 (the subcaloric functions) and the infinity heat equation u t -Δ∞ u=0 (the infinity-subcaloric functions) by means of comparison properties with explicit families of solutions of the corresponding equations. The primary ingredients of functions in these families are translates of solutions which depend radially on the space variables. Results of independent interest include the presentation and study of the class of infinity-caloric functions employed in the characterization.
SU-D-144-05: Monte Carlo Simulation of a Precision Proton Radiotherapy Platform Designed for Small-Animal Experiments

Purpose: A cyclotron‐based proton beam is under development to accommodate the geometric and dosimetric requirements of small‐animal research, namely a sharp pristine Bragg peak at ∼8mm depth in tissue. The goal of this project is to develop a Monte Carlo model to support further development of the existing beam, provide data on physical dose in complex tissues or phantoms, and for biological research including microdosimetric analysis of LET and RBE effects. Method: A Monte Carlo simulation of the beam was implemented using the GEANT‐4 based TOPAS software, under a beta‐test user agreement with the developers. This system allows for creation of geometrical objects, voxel dose scoring within those objects as well as input of DICOM image data. We developed simulations of dose distributions in water phantoms, small ion chambers and in air. We compare these simulations to measured dosimetry data, and predictions of a previously published analytical model of dose deposition named the ‘Proton Energy Loss’ model. Results: The Monte Carlo model with best‐fit parameters of incident energy 28.9 MeV and energy spread 1.5% gives less than 2% error in percent depth dose compared to the experimental data. Simulated lateral profiles also match the EBT3‐based film measurements to better than 3.5%. Run times for simulations are approximately one hour per million particles. Multiple runs can be processed simultaneously on a 16‐core server without noticeable degradation in performance. Conclusion: Monte Carlo simulation of the proton beam provides a foundation for exploring more complex geometrical dose patterns such as a high dose rings or spread‐out Bragg peaks. Modeling will be further developed to calculate dose distributions in various experimental arrangements and the complex tissue structures presented in small‐animal CT scans. The precision proton radiotherapy platform is expected to enable novel radiobiological research, as have dedicated small‐animal X‐ray irradiation systems.
Putnam on what isn’t in the head

In “The Meaning of ‘Meaning’” Putnam argues, among other things, that “‘meanings’ just ain’t in the head”. Putnam’s central arguments in favor of this conclusion are unsound. The arguments in question are the famous intra-world Twin Earth arguments, given on pages 223–227 of the article in question. Each of these arguments relies on a premise to the effect that this or that Twin Earth scenario is both logically possible and one in which certain individuals are in the same overall “psychological [state] in the narrow sense”. The problem is that none of the scenarios are as advertised; that is, none of them are logically possible situations in which the relevant individuals are in the same overall “psychological [state] in the narrow sense”.
Water Pentamer: Characterization of the Torsional-Puckering Manifold by Terahertz VRT Spectroscopy

We present the measurement and analysis of five new (D2O)5 bands via vibration−rotation-tunneling (VRT) spectroscopy as well as a preliminary description of a second (H2O)5 band. The vibrationally averaged rotational constants of all five fitted bands agree well with those from the two previously observed (D2O)5 bands and confirm that the pentamer averages to a symmetric, quasi-planar structure on the time scale of our experiment. While the spectrum of the first two bands, located at 50.7 cm-1 (1.52 THz) and 27.3 cm-1 (0.82 THz) are indicative of unperturbed oblate rotors, the three remaining (D2O)5 bands centered at 47.7 cm-1 (1.43 THz), 45.4 cm-1 (1.36 THz), and 45.0 cm-1 (1.35 THz) are severely perturbed by first-order Coriolis coupling. This represents the first observation of this perturbation in the perdeuterated water pentamer, as well as the first observation of transitions between degenerate states of the torsional-puckering manifold. Unlike transitions from the (H2O)5 band observed by Brown et a...
A financial resource allocation model for regional water systems

The public water supply sector is facing significant external pressures for change from decreasing water resource availability, stricter water quality regulations, decreasing federal subsidies, increasing public scrutiny, decreasing financial health, and increasing infrastructure replacement costs. These forces necessitate greater accountability by community water systems (CWS) to their stakeholders. This paper presents a method for comparative efficiency analysis to improve the accountability of CWS to their stakeholders while maintaining the level of service. The method is achieved through three objectives, namely: (1) to construct standard efficiency metric parameters based on the techniques of data envelopment analysis; (2) to incorporate these uniform efficiency metric parameters into a transparent decision support system (DSS) based on the standard linear programming resource allocation problem; and (3) to utilize the DSS to determine the efficient allocation of limited budgetary resources among CWS operating as a regional water system (RWS). The paper is a significant departure, in three ways, from the current planning and management approach, which treats CWS as independent entities. First, it provides an open and transparent method for planning and management of CWS; second, it provides a uniform and consistent method for evaluating relative efficiencies across the CWS. Third, the DSS facilitates comparative efficiency analysis across the RWS, and guides financial allocation decisions among CWS operating as a RWS.
A Review of “Black Politics after the Civil Rights Movement: Activity and Beliefs in Sacramento, 1970–2000”

David Covin challenges the conclusions of political scientists who have offered negative interpretations of Black politics in the post-Civil Rights era. These scholars have focused mostly on elite ...
Treatment of insomnia through eidetic imagery: a new technique.

This technique for the cure of insomnia has been developed by me within the general theoretical framework of Eidetic Psychotherapy which was originated by Akhter Ahsen and is based upon the elicitation and manipulation of eidetic images (Ahsen, 1968; Sheikh & Panagiotou, 1975). More specifically, Ahsen has demonstrated that eidetic images reenact symbolic as well as memory elements from conflictual situations in the past; and their mere enactment is not enough to overcome the recurring tendency in the original traumatic events. Ahsen indicates chat often it is necessary to "redirect the individual from traumatic fixation to release and expression." This eidetic phenomenon underlies the following technique. During the first stage of this treatment for insomnia the subject is asked to recall occasions from his past when he was extremely tired and sleepy but had to ward off sleep due to external demands. For example, he may have had to force himself to remain awake in order to study for an important examination, to prepare a lecture, or to supervise a machine during the night shift. In all of these situations, the organism's need for sleep is pitted against a rational and often success-oriented demand, and it is always the latter which wins. As the subject imagines himself to be in one of these situations and concentrates on this image, he becomes drowsy. He is instructed that at this point he should disregard the rational demand and thus reverse the results of the conflict berween this demand and the bodily need for sleep. For instance, he could tell himself, "May the devil take the exam (or supervise the machine), I am going to sleep." Thereupon, ic has been observed, the subject does in effect fall asleep. All images of the above type will be effective in eliciting sleepiness, but some may be more potent than others. The subject can best find the one which is most suitable through initial exploration. My use of this technique hitherto has yielded excellent results. Currently I am gathering more data on the subject and hope to present a more detailed report before long. Perhaps other clinicians would be interested in trying this technique. I would be most interested in learning about their experiences.'
MENTORING RELATIONSHIPS AND THE LEVELS OF ROLE CONFLICT AND ROLE AMBIGUITY EXPERIENCED BY NOVICE NURSING FACULTY

This study explored the effect of mentoring on the levels of role conflict and role ambiguity experienced by novice nursing faculty related to their transitions into academe using a descriptive, comparative design. It also measured the relationship between the quality of mentoring experiences of novice nursing faculty and their levels of role conflict and role ambiguity using a correlational design. P. Benner's (1984) novice to expert model was utilized as a framework for successful role transition. J. R. Rizzo, R. J. House, and S. I. Lirtzman's (1970) role conflict and role ambiguity scale was used to measure the levels of role conflict and role ambiguity experienced by novice nursing faculty. Results indicate that participants (n = 224) who were mentored have significantly lower levels of role conflict (M = 3.57) and role ambiguity (M = 3.02) than those who were not mentored (M = 4.62 and M = 3.90, respectively). Also significant, the higher the participants' reported levels of quality of mentoring experiences were, the lower their levels of role conflict and role ambiguity were. The results of this study indicate that mentoring eases the transition of novice nursing faculty from practice into academe by decreasing the degree of role ambiguity and role conflict that they experience.
Review of Experimental Research on Academic Learning by Students with Moderate and Severe Intellectual Disability in General Education.

A review of the literature on academic learning in general education settings for students with moderate and severe intellectual disability was conducted. A total of 17 experimental studies was ide...
Serum prostate specific antigen levels after transurethral resection of prostate: A longitudinal characterization in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia

AbstractPurpose: We studied the long-term effects of adenomectomy on serum levels of prostate specific antigen (PSA) in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).Materials and Methods: A consecutive series of 82 men undergoing adenoctomectomy for BPH between 1990 and 1992 was studied. PSA levels were determined before and serially after operation for as long as 5 years.Results: Mean PSA decreased from 4.6 ng./ml. preoperatively to 0.7 ng./ml. 6 months postoperatively. These low levels were maintained throughout the 5-year observation period. The PSA decrease correlated with grams of tissue removed (r = 0.54, p less than 0.001) and averaged 0.11 ng./ml./gm. Postoperatively mean PSA velocity was 0.01 ng./ml. per year, that is essentially flat, and it was not influenced by patient age, race, type of operation, grams of tissue removed, baseline PSA, PSA density or T1a lesions (7). One to 5 years after adenomectomy 6 of the 82 men had invasive prostatic carcinoma, and PSA levels and velocities remained low.C...
Calculation of the radiological depth

The concept of the radiological depth is central to all algorithms which calculate radiation dose in a heterogeneous medium. For a discrete heterogeneous medium, consisting of regions of inhomogeneity, the radiological depth is usually presented as the sum over segments of the product of the segment length and the inhomogeneity density of the region corresponding to the segment. This paper illustrates that the usual formulation is inefficient because it requires the solution of the topological problem of which region corresponds to each segment. For simple heterogeneity problems involving just three regions of inhomogeneity, it is found that the topological problem constitutes at least 85% of the time required to calculate the radiological depth. It is shown in this paper that formulating the radiological depth as a sum over regions rather than as a sum over segments allows one to avoid this topological problem entirely.
Targeting HER proteins in cancer therapy and the role of the non-target HER3

Members of the human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) family have been of considerable interest in the cancer arena due to their potential to induce tumorigenesis when their signalling functions are deregulated. The constitutive activation of these proteins is seen in a number of different common cancer subtypes, and in particular EGFR and HER2 have become highly pursued targets for anti-cancer drug development. Clinical studies in a number of different cancers known to be driven by EGFR or HER2 show mixed results, and further mechanistic understanding of drug sensitivity and resistance is needed to realise the full potential of this treatment modality. Signalling in trans is a key feature of HER family signalling, and the activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway, so critically important in tumorigenesis, is driven predominantly through phosphorylation in trans of the kinase inactive member HER3. An increasing body of evidence shows that HER3 plays a critical role in EGFR- and HER2-driven tumours. In particular, HER3 lies upstream of a critically important tumorigenic signalling pathway with extensive ability for feedback and cross-talk signalling, and targeting approaches that fail to account for this important trans-target of EGFR and HER2 can be undermined by its resiliency and resourcefulness. Since HER3 is kinase inactive, it is not a direct target of kinase inhibitors and not presently an easily drugable target. This review presents the current evidence highlighting the role of HER3 in tumorigenesis and its role in mediating resistance to inhibitors of EGFR and HER2.
Laser-Induced Optical Pumping Measurements of Cross Section for Fine- and Hyperfine-Structure Transitions in Sodium Induced by Collisions with Helium and Argon Atoms

Optical pumping of the ground states of sodium can radically alter the shape of the laser induced fluorescence excitation spectrum, complicating measurements of temperature, pressure, etc., which are based on these spectra. Modeling of the fluorescence using rate equations for the eight hyperfine states of the sodium D manifolds can be used to quantify the contribution to the ground state pumping of transitions among the hyperfine excited states induced by collisions with buffer gas atoms. This model is used here to determine, from the shape of experimental spectra, cross sections for (Delta)F transitions of the P(sub 3/2) state induced by collisions with helium and argon atoms, for a range of values assumed for the P(sub 1/2), (Delta)F cross sections. The hyperfine cross sections measured using this method, which is thought to be novel, are compared with cross sections for transitions involving polarized magnetic substates, m(sub F), measured previously using polarization sensitive absorption. Also, fine structure transition ((Delta)J) cross sections were measured in the pumped vapor, giving agreement with previous measurements made in the absence of pumping.
A miniaturized tunable microstrip antenna for wireless communications with implanted medical devices

In this paper, a miniaturized microstrip antenna design is presented for establishing wireless communications with implantable medical devices in the 402--405 MHz Medical Implant Communications Services (MICS). The Ansoft's High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) and CST Microwave Studio were used to evaluate the antenna design. HFSS is based on the Finite Element Method (FEM) and Microwave Studio is based on the Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) technique. The results from both simulations are compared to validate results obtained from the two software packages. A varactor diode is added to allow tuning of the antenna. Size reduction techniques such as meandering, addition of a shorting pin, and the introduction of a capacitive plate were investigated to make the antenna size suitable for use with medical implants.
Noncatalytic organic rearrangement using supercritical water

Abstract Significant acceleration of Beckmam and pinacol rearrangements can be achieved by using supercritical water (scH2O), especially just near the critical point even in the absence of any acid catalysts. A high-pressure, high-temperature flow reactor system with FTlR operable at 500°C and 50 MPa was suaxssfdy developed, wherein the non-catalytic Beckmam and pinacol rearrangements using scH2O were carried out and monitored. It has been demonstrated that scH20 itself acts very effectively in the place of conventional acid catalysts for both the rearrangements. The rate of the pinacol rearrangement using scH2O is 28,200-fold rate of that in 0.871 M HCl solution at 46.7 MPa under distillation conditions. The high rate of reaction may be attributed to a great increase in the local proton concentration around the organic reactants.
Atmospheric cold plasma inactivation of aerobic microorganisms on blueberries and effects on quality attributes

Abstract Cold plasma (CP) is a novel nonthermal technology, potentially useful in food processing settings. Berries were treated with atmospheric CP for 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, or 120 s at a working distance of 7.5 cm with a mixture of 4 cubic feet/minute (cfm) of CP jet and 7 cfm of ambient air. Blueberries were sampled for total aerobic plate count (APC) and yeast/molds immediately after treatment and at 1, 2, and 7 days. Blueberries were also analyzed for compression firmness, surface color, and total anthocyanins immediately after each treatment. All treatments with CP significantly ( P L * and a * values and 45 s for the b * values. CP can inactivate microorganisms on blueberries and could be optimized to improve the safety and quality of produce.
A survey of pollutant emission levels in wastewaters and residuals from the petroleum refining industry

Abstract This paper summarizes the data made available during the last decade on the subject of emission levels of wastewaters and solid residuals from the petroleum refininf industry. The data for both traditional and priority pollutants from a number of studies are considered. Specific organic compounds which are not traditional pollutants and are not on the priority pollutant list are presented for some cases. A discussion of accuracy, precision, variance, and some causes of variance is presented. Types of wastewater and residual samples for which data are presented include raw waste loadings from Class A through E refineries, loadings of various pollutants across several process units such as dissolved air flotation, activated sludge processes, carbon columns (powdered and granular), and clarifiers, and oily solids (tank bottoms, crude oil, bunker C, and waxy product).
Differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry of copper(II) at the glassy carbon electrode

Abstract Optimum conditions for the use of the bare glassy carbon electrode (GCE) are reported. Linear calibration graphs are obtained in the range 5 × 10 -7 –3.5 × 10 -5 M copper(II). The detection limit for copper(II) is 5.9 × 10 -9 M at pH 4.5 and 3.3 × 10 -8 M at pH 6.5.
An adaptive spherical Fourier Bessel split-step method for tracking optical bullets

In all traditional techniques tracking the solution of the nonlinear Schroedinger (NLS) equation in (3+1) dimensions with spherical symmetry is time consuming because the problem in hand is (3+1) dimensional. In this work we study the propagation of chirped (3+1)-dimensional optical pulses in bulk media with periodic dispersion or alternating nonlinearity, analytically by using the variational approach, and numerically by using a new numerical technique relying on the adaptive spherical Fourier Bessel split-step (ASFBSS) method using spherical symmetry for 3 dimensions respectively. Using fast algorithms for spherical Fourier Bessel transforms along with adaptive longitudinal stepping and transverse grid management in a symmetrized split-step technique, it is possible to accurately study many nonlinear effects, including the possibility of spatio-temporal collapse, or the collapse-arresting mechanism due to saturable nonlinearity dispersion management or alternating nonlinearity. Stability criteria for (3+1)- dimensional solitons are identified, and the long term dynamics of the solitons are studied by the averaged equations obtained using the Kapitza approach. Also, the slow dynamics of the solitons around the fixed points for the width and the chirp are studied. The importance of this work is in generating dispersion managed or nonlinearly managed optical solitons in optical communication. Also, this work is applied to the stabilization of the Bose-Einstein condensate in (3+1)- dimensional optical lattice. We compare results of the new numerical technique with those obtained using fast Fourier split step (FFSS) technique. We feel that the ASFBSS is a fast and more accurate method for tracking spatiotemporal pulse propagation in a saturated and un saturated nonlinear Kerr medium in which the spatiotemporal collapse is expected for the paraxial unsaturated medium approximation, and to cyclic focusing and defocusing in saturable, dispersion managed or alternating non-linearity media.
A modeling study on the influence of pulse shaping on keyhole laser welding

A theoretical analysis describing the effects of pulse shaping on keyhole laser welding is presented. Calculation of the keyhole profile and melt pool dimensions was performed by the balancing of surface forces and energy at the liquid‐vapor and solid‐liquid interfaces in three dimensions. The effect of temporal pulse shape on weld dimensions has been examined over a range of power densities, pulse times and pulse frequencies. Several pulse types (e.g., top‐hat, Gaussian, ramp‐up and ramp‐down pulses) have been considered. Pulse shaping showed significant effect on the weld dimensions. The predicted width and penetration depth of welds with ramp‐up and ramp‐down pulse shapes were greater than those obtained with Gaussian and top‐hat pulses. The theoretical predictions have been compared with experimental data. Furthermore, the response of two different materials with considerably different physical properties (stainless steel and aluminum) has been analysed.
Electrospun hemoglobin microbelts based biosensor for sensitive detection of hydrogen peroxide and nitrite.

Abstract Highly porous hemoglobin (Hb) microbelts based biosensor was developed by directly electrospinning Hb onto the glassy carbon (GC) electrode surface without using immobilization matrix, offering an excellent electrochemical sensing platform. Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were performed to demonstrate that Hb still kept its native structure in the as-electrospun microbelts. The electrocatalytic property of Hb microbelts modified GC electrode was investigated using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and nitrite as model compounds. The cyclic voltammetry results have demonstrated that the Hb microbelts modified electrode shows enhanced activity in the electrochemical reduction of H2O2 and nitrite, which offers a number of attractive features and is explored to develop an amperometric biosensor. The Hb microbelts based amperometric biosensor has fast responses to H2O2 and nitrite, good dynamic response ranges, excellent detection limits of 0.61 μM for H2O2 and 0.47 μM for nitrite (S/N = 3), and superior KM,app values of 0.093 mM for H2O2 and 0.713 mM for nitrite, respectively. These results demonstrate that the electrospun Hb microbelts can significantly enhance the direct electrochemistry of Hb and has great potential application in mediator-free biosensor applications.
Algorithms for automated temperature controls to cure peanuts

The introduction of affordable control networks for peanut dryers has made it possible to easily vary the curing temperature based on ambient air conditions. Previous research has used ambient temperature, relative humidity, and humidity ratio as possible control parameters. Peanuts from the same field were cured using four 0.11 m 3 dryers to a moisture content of approximately 0.11 kg kg − 1 . Four different algorithms, one for each dryer, were used to calculate the desired plenum temperature based on ambient conditions. They were: (1) conventional control (CC); (2) drying rate control (DRC1); (3) modified drying rate control (DRC2); and (4) relative humidity control (RHC). Peanuts cured significantly faster (0.42 kg h − 1 ) using DRC2 compared to peanuts cured using DRC1 (0.23 kg h − 1 ), RHC (0.29 kg h −1 ), and CC (0.35 kg h − 1 ). Curing with DRC2 was not significantly faster than with CC (0.60% h −1 ). No significant differences in milling quality, as indicated by percent splits, percent bald kernels, and shelled stock value, were found due to drying treatments. The percent split kernels averaged 9.8% over all temperature control methods and ranged from 8.7 to 10.2%. Shelled stock value ranged from 959.89 to 978.74 US$ t − 1 . Peroxide values and free fatty acids were acceptable for all curing treatments and were not significantly different. Seed germination ranged from 83 to 87%, but was not significantly different. Flavor ratings determined by a flavor panel on a scale from 1 to 8, with 6 being acceptable and 8 being the best, were all greater than 7.1. Historical weather data from Dawson, GA indicated that DRC2 would result in a higher plenum temperature. These tests indicated that maximum recommended drying rates may be too conservative for efficient operation of commercial operations. © 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
To form a more perfect union: It is time to stop standing still

A reading of the current literature on behavior therapy suggests that the field is at risk of losing its momentum in a preoccupation with technological refinements at the expense of theoretical developments. Behavior therapy began with the application of laboratory-derived principles of learning. Recent clinical innovations lack empirical foundations, and developments in the cognitive direction are presented in support of this contention. Behavior therapists must apply in their practice the principles and methods emerging from contemporary research on developmental, interpersonal, perceptual, cognitive, affective, and physiological processes. To accomplish this we must establish “a more perfect union” that facilitates a dialogue between research investigators and clinical practitioners.
Photocontrol of Spirodela intermedia flavonoids

Clone 115 of Spirodela intermedia W. Koch grown in Hutner's medium with sucrose produces the glycoflavones vitexin and orientin in darkness or in light of various wavelengths. The anthocyanin cyanidin-3-monoglucoside was present only after prolonged illumination of the plants with white or blue light. No cyanidin-glucoside was formed under constant red light. The substitution of red, blue, or far-red light for the last 24 hours of culture under constant white light reduced each flavonoid over those maintained in white light or given 24 hours of darkness. Reducing the light intensity from 900 to 400 ft-c of constant cool-white fluorescent light had no appreciable influence on vitexin (4'-hydroxyl) but markedly reduced orientin and cyanidin-glucoside (both 3'4'-hydroxyl). Substituting alternate 12-hour periods of light and darkness for continuous light reduced the glycoflavones approximately 50% while cyanidin-glucoside was reduced about 85%. Most responses to red, blue, or far-red light are consistent with a phytochrome-controlled promotion of vitexin synthesis.The evidence suggests that in S. intermedia: A) Environmental conditions which elicit cyanidin-glucoside and glycoflavone synthesis are different since a prolonged illumination with white light is required for the former but not the latter. B) The availability of a 3'4'-hydroxyl precursor for orientin and anthocyanin probably limits their synthesis in low intensity light. Since vitexin is essentially unaltered under these conditions this also suggests that acetate or malonate units for the A-ring and the deamination products of aromatic amino acids for the B-ring and carbons of the C-ring are not limiting factors. C) Light controls the biosynthesis of flavonols in the same manner as glycoflavones; under all experimental conditions the synthesis of kaempferol paralleled vitexin while quercetin responded in the same manner as crientin.
Daily antenatal testing in women with severe preeclampsia

Abstract OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to determine whether daily antenatal testing in the expectant management of severe preeclampsia remote from term prevents stillbirth or neonatal compromise at birth. STUDY DESIGN: We reviewed the medical records of 68 women with severe preeclampsia remote from term who underwent expectant management with daily fetal testing until delivery. On admission each patient had reassuring nonstress testing (absence of persistent severe variable or late decelerations), biophysical profile (≥6), and amniotic fluid volume (≥2 cm maximal vertical pocket before 32 weeks or amniotic fluid index ≥5 after 32 weeks). RESULTS: There were no stillbirths. Twenty-one patients (31%) had nonreassuring testing necessitating delivery. Two neonatal deaths occurred as a result of complications of prematurity. There were no statistical differences in the cord arterial pH ( p = 0.93) or in the 1- and 5-minute Apgar scores ( p = 0.18 and p = 0.88, respectively) between those with normal and abnormal antenatal testing. CONCLUSIONS: Because optimizing neonatal outcome is the only reason to prolong pregnancy in women with severe preeclampsia, confirmation of fetal well-being is mandatory. Because neither stillbirths nor fetal compromise at birth occurred in patients undergoing daily antenatal testing, we recommend daily testing in patients with severe preeclampsia managed expectantly.
High quality GPU rendering with displaced pixel shading

Direct volume rendering via consumer PC hardware has become an efficient tool for volume visualization. In particular, the volumetric ray casting, the most frequently used volume rendering technique, can be implemented by the shading language integrated with graphical processing units (GPU). However, to produce high-quality images offered by GPU-based volume rendering, a higher sampling rate is usually required. In this paper, we present an algorithm to generate high quality images with a small number of slices by utilizing displaced pixel shading technique. Instead of sampling points along a ray with the regular interval, the actual surface location is calculated by the linear interpolation between the outer and inner points, and this location is used as the displaced pixel for the iso-surface illumination. Multi-pass and early Z-culling techniques are applied to improve the rendering speed. The first pass simply locates and stores the exact surface depth of each ray using a few pixel instructions; then, the second pass uses instructions to shade the surface at the previous position. A new 3D edge detector from our previous research is integrated to provide more realistic rendering results compared with the widely used gradient normal estimator. To implement our algorithm, we have made a program named DirectView based on DirectX 9.0c and Microsoft High Level Shading Language (HLSL) for volume rendering. We tested two data sets and discovered that our algorithm can generate smoother and more accurate shading images with a small number of intermediate slices.
Eight May Be Too Many: Getting a Toe-Hold on Cooperative Collection Building

One year ago, John Carroll University instituted a policy of advising faculty selectors when an order submitted for a title already has more than eight circulating copies in OhioLINK. This article describes why the library undertook this, the implementation of the policy, its documentation, its reception, and the results after one full year. This project is an easy first step for any member of a consortium to take toward more collaborative collection development with other consortium members.
Diffusion in3He near its critical point

Pulsed NMR techniques were used to measure the spin diffusion coefficient in 3 He along eight isotherms between 3.0 and 4.2 K. Densities were also obtained simultaneously from the amplitude of the signal, assuming the magnetization obeys the Curie law. Absolute values of the density were obtained by normalizing to existing data. Although values of|T−T c |/T c and|ρ−ρ c |/ρ c of less than 10−3 were achieved, no anomaly was observed. This is consistent with similar measurements on other substances. Our low-density results agree well with previous measurements and theory.
Diabetes and heart failure in the post-myocardial infarction patient

Diabetes mellitus, a disease which is increasing in prevalence, is a major risk factor for coronary heart disease. In patients following acute myocardial infarction, the presence of diabetes is a powerful risk factor for the development of heart failure, and this intersection of heart failure and diabetes following myocardial infarction carries substantial risk. The poor prognosis associated with heart failure in diabetic patients following myocardial infarction is likely multifactorial. Aggressive strategies for prevention and treatment of heart failure are crucial to reducing the risk associated with diabetes and heart failure following myocardial infarction. This review summarizes epidemiologic, pathophysiologic, and therapeutic data related to diabetes and heart failure in the post-myocardial infarction setting.
Rainbow Smelt (Osmerus Mordax) Predation on Slimy Sculpin (Cottus Cognatus) in Lake Ontario

Slimy sculpin (Cottus cognatus) and opposum shrimp (Mysis relicta) formed the primary prey of 319 adult (96–201 mm total length) rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) collected day and night at depths of 30–50 m in southeastern Lake Ontario during 21–25 August and 23–31 October 1984. Prey were eaten primarily at night. Between 2000–2400 hours, 77% of rainbow smelt during August and 43% of rainbow smelt during October contained slimy sculpin, compared to less than 10% during the day. Mean number of sculpin per smelt stomach was 1.2 and 1.5, respectively. Mean sizes of slimy sculpin eaten (total lengths of 12.7 mm in August and 21.1 mm in October) were significantly less than those of sculpin (30.4 mm in August and 31.6 mm in October) caught in trawls at the same depths. Occurrence of opposum shrimp in smelt stomachs also peaked at night at 80–90% and an average of up to 2.1 and 5.2 opposum shrimp were found per smelt stomach in August and October, respectively. We infer that rainbow smelt may compete with juvenile lake trout (Salvelinus namaycus) for slimy sculpin in the Great Lakes.
Roll With It: Brass Bands in the Streets of New Orleans

The city of New Orleans and the careers of musicians hailing from the Crescent City are familiar subjects for jazz scholars and aficionados. But too often, more recent developments in New Orleans m...
Individual‐Level Motivations for Interagency Cooperation

Craig W. Thomas, Bureaucratic Landscapes: Interagency Cooperation and the Preservation of Biodiversity
Improvement of structural models using covariance analysis and nonlinear generalized least squares

The next generation of large, flexible space structures will be too light to support their own weight, requiring a system of structural supports for ground testing. The authors have proposed multiple boundary-condition testing (MBCT), using more than one support condition to reduce uncertainties associated with the supports. MBCT would revise the mass and stiffness matrix, analytically qualifying the structure for operation in space. The same procedure is applicable to other common test conditions, such as empty/loaded tanks and subsystem/system level tests. This paper examines three techniques for constructing the covariance matrix required by nonlinear generalized least squares (NGLS) to update structural models based on modal test data. The methods range from a complicated approach used to generate the simulation data (i.e., the correct answer) to a diagonal matrix based on only two constants. The results show that NGLS is very insensitive to assumptions about the covariance matrix, suggesting that a workable NGLS procedure is possible. The examples also indicate that the multiple boundary condition procedure more accurately reduces errors than individual boundary condition tests alone.
Cellular energetics and ATP-MgCl2 therapy in sepsis

Studies in rats with a clinically relevant form of peritonitis indicate that tissue adenine nucleotide levels do not decrease in the early stages of sepsis. In contrast, hepatocellular active transport appears to be depressed even in the very early stages of sepsis. In late sepsis, however, tissue adenine nucleotide levels decrease significantly because of inadequate perfusion associated with peritonitis. Reticuloendothelial function (RES) is also significantly depressed at the late stages of sepsis. Administration of saline, glucose, or ATP-MgCl2 alone following sepsis does not produce any beneficial effects on survival. However, administration of high concentrations of ATP-MgCl2 together with hypertonic glucose results in a significant improvement in the survival of animals. This treatment regimen restores cellular ATP levels and also restores the depressed RES function to normal within three hours. Thus, extirpation of the lesion producing the septic process, combined with metabolic support, proves helpful without antibiotic treatment.
An empirical orthogonal function analysis of spring-summer sea surface temperature variability off northern and central California from AVHRR satellite imagery

An empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis of an AVHRR sea surface temperature (SST) data set encompassing the spring-summer period during 1991-1993 was used to examine patterns of SST variability off northern and central California. This EOF analysis decomposed the spatial variability of SST in 124 images that covered an offshore distance of 200 km and an alongshore distance of 500 km. The first EOF mode described 65% of the spatial variability in the data set. The spatial amplitude pattern of the first mode, which closely resembled the mean of all the images, revealed a strong offshore gradient with much cooler water nearshore and warmer water offshore. These areas of cool waters were associated with known upwelling locales and the structure of the mode was closely coupled with the alongshore component of the coastal wind field. The temporal modulation of this spatial pattern was given by the eigenvector time series of temporal amplitudes. The second EOF mode described 11% of the remaining variability in the data set. Its spatial pattern revealed a north-south structure that appeared to be related to regional spatial variations in the strength of upwelling favorable wind. These variations apparently resulted in regions of reduced upwelling, increased solar surface heating, onshore transport of offshore waters, and perhaps poleward surface flow that were evident in the spatial pattern as areas of relatively warmer water. Interannual variation in the mode 1 spatial structure was investigated by performing a separate EOF analysis of each yearly data set. The combined results of this analysis indicate that it may be possible to use remotely sensed SST to study and infer circulation of other eastern boundary currents, such as the Peru Current, that have dynamics similar to the California Current but where in situ hydrographic and wind observations are much less frequent.
The lupus anticoagulant.

The clinical and laboratory experience with the lupus anticoagulant was reviewed in 37 patients. The anticoagulant is thought to act by blocking the activation of prothrombin by the prothrombin activator complex of factors Xa, V, and phospholipid. Although the anticoagulant has been principally associated with diseases of immune origin, 14 of the present patients had disorders not thought to be immune in nature. Eighteen patients underwent twenty-one operative procedures with only a single episode of excessive bleeding. In the authors' experience, the lupus anticoagulant is a rare cause of bleeding.
Surveillance in acute care and nonacute care settings: Current issues and concepts

Infection surveillance programs should be designed to meet the needs of a given health care organization. Opportunities to learn how to design epidemiologically sound surveillance programs are not readily available. This report describes the results of small-group discussions held with infection control professionals from various health care settings. Facilitators coached participants through a series of discussions to generate ideas about scientific surveillance for specific patient populations. Key strategies were identified, and suggestions for surveillance studies were given. Before these strategies can be widely recommended, reports of actual application are needed.
GRAFT: an approximate graphlet counting algorithm for large graph analysis

Graphlet frequency distribution (GFD) is an analysis tool for understanding the variance of local structure in a graph. Many recent works use GFD for comparing, and characterizing real-life networks. However, the main bottleneck for graph analysis using GFD is the excessive computation cost for obtaining the frequency of each of the graphlets in a large network. To overcome this, we propose a simple, yet powerful algorithm, called GRAFT, that obtains the approximate graphlet frequency for all graphlets that have upto 5 vertices. Comparing to an exact counting algorithm, our algorithm achieves a speedup factor between 10 and 100 for a negligible counting error, which is, on average, less than 5%; For example, exact graphlet counting for ca-AstroPh takes approximately 3 days; but, GRAFT runs for 45 minutes to perform the same task with a counting accuracy of 95.6%.
On matrix structures invariant under Toda-like isospectral flows

Abstract We work in the space R n×n of n-by-n real matrices. We say that a linear transformation τ on this space is Toda-like if it maps symmetric matrices to skew-symmetric matrices. With such a transformation we associate a bilinear operation α defined by α(X, Y) ≔ [X, τY] + [Y, τX] where [U, V] ≔ UV − VU. Then R n×n together with this operation is a (usually not associative) algebra. We call any subalgebra of such an algebra a Toda-like algebra. We classify these algebras, which arise in connection with eigenvalue computations. We determine the Toda-like algebras which are of primary interest for this application. We accomplish this classification by studying certain difference-weighted graphs which we associate with the algebras.