cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dominance elimination procedures on finite alternative games

A general definition of dominance elimination procedures for finite games is given which includes the multistage game representation of sophisticated voting for binary procedures. There then follows a proof that the set of outcomes resulting from the successive application of any dominance elimination procedure to any game in which each player has strict preferences over the alternatives, and in which the alternative and strategy spaces are finite, contains the set of outcomes attained by applying a procedure previously defined byFarquharson [1969].
The effect of photoperiod on oxygen consumption of the crayfish Orconectes nais (Faxon)

Abstract 1. 1. Population metabolism tended to follow population molting cycles. 2. 2. The metabolism of males was higher than that of females during the breeding season, probably reflecting behavioral differences between the two sexes. 3. 3. Daylength had no direct effect on the level of metabolism of either sex. 4. 4. Diurnal metabolism was relatively low and uniform, while nocturnal metabolism was high. There was a delay in peak metabolism following lights out, which was greater in short daylengths. Daylength may phase the onset of activity so that it occurs at about the same time each day.
A fiber-optic-based imaging system for nondestructive assessment of cell-seeded tissue-engineered scaffolds

A major limitation in tissue engineering is the lack of nondestructive methods that assess the development of tissue scaffolds undergoing preconditioning in bioreactors. Due to significant optical scattering in most scaffolding materials, current microscope-based imaging methods cannot “see” through thick and optically opaque tissue constructs. To address this deficiency, we developed a fiber-optic-based imaging method that is capable of nondestructive imaging of fluorescently labeled cells through a thick and optically opaque scaffold, contained in a bioreactor. This imaging modality is based on the local excitation of fluorescent cells, the acquisition of fluorescence through the scaffold, and fluorescence mapping based on the position of the excitation light. To evaluate the capability and accuracy of the imaging system, human endothelial cells (ECs), stably expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP), were imaged through a fibrous scaffold. Without sacrificing the scaffolds, we nondestructively visuali...
Predation on kamptozoans (Entoprocta)

. Predation on kamptozoans (phylum Kamptozoa = Entoprocta) is not mentioned in any literature on the phylum. We have found a plagiostomid turbellarian flatworm (Plagios-tomum sp.) preying upon Barentsia benedeni in an estuarine sublittoral fouling community in Long Island Sound, USA. Previous records of predation on kamptozoans by nudibranch opis-thobranchs (sea slugs) are reviewed. Predation on kamptozoans by some members of two phyla, Mollusca and Platyhelminthes, is thus now known.
Klinische Hoch- und Ultrahochfeld-MR und ihre Wechselwirkung mit biologischen Systemen

Die Feldstarke des statischen Grundfeldes hat sich in der MRT in den letzten 25 Jahren von 0,015 auf bis zu 12 Tesla (T) mehr als verachthundertfacht. Neben Niedrig- und Hochfeldsystemen (1,5–4 T) stehen nun Ultrahochfeldsysteme mit Feldstarken oberhalb von 4 T zur MR-Tomographie und Spektroskopie am Menschen zur Verfugung. Die Erweitung der Unbedenklichkeit auf klinische Feldstarken bis zu 8 T durch die FDA im Juli 2003 stellt die Grundlage fur eine weitere Verbreitung dieser Technologie dar. Mit dieser Erhohung der Feldstarke muss ein besseres Verstandnis der Sicherheitsthematik einhergehen, um einen sicheren Einsatz am Menschen zu gewahrleisten. Dies umfasst die Auswirkungen der starken statischen Magnetfelder auf atomarer und molekularer Ebene, auf biologische Gewebe bis hin zu Organsystemen als Ganzes. Daneben sind ebenfalls die Auswirkungen der Radiofrequenz- und Gradientenfelder zu betrachten, die in der MR zum Einsatz kommen. Dieser Artikel gibt eine Ubersicht und Erlauterung der sicherheitsrelevanten Themen fur Hoch- und Ultrahochfeld-MR.
Grazing Effects on Periphyton by Theodoxus fluviatilis (Gastropoda) in a Lowland Stream

ABSTRACT The development of attached algal communities in a lowland stream in central Sweden was investigated with reference to differing levels of grazing pressure. An enclosure-exclosure method was used to measure periphytic biomass accrual and community structure in the presence of low, natural, and high densities of the gastropod Theodoxus fluviatilis. A highly significant difference (p < .01) in chlorophyll a, carbon, and nitrogen was observed between chambers with low grazer density and those with natural and high grazer densities. Chambers with natural and high densities of T. fluviatilis had lower percent composition of filamentous green algae (mainly Cladophora) and lower C/N ratios in the periphyton.
Prehospital HMG Co-A Reductase Inhibitor Use and Reduced Mortality in Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm

Background The compounds 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitors (HMG Co-A reductase inhibitors, statins) are popular medications for the control of elevated serum cholesterol. Recent evidence has demonstrated a survival benefit to patients who take statins in the premorbid period with severe sepsis, septic shock, or severe trauma. We hypothesized that a similar benefit would be seen in patients with ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm. Study Design We completed a retrospective review of patients with ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm in our institution from January 2000 to December 2008. We compared age, gender, mortality rates, and Physiologic and Operative Severity Score for the enumeration of Mortality and Morbidity (POSSUM) scores for all patients who met inclusion and exclusion criteria. We compared hospital and ICU lengths of stay, cardiac morbidity, and number of cardiac events per patient between survivor groups with and without prehospital statin use. We compared mortality, cardiac morbidity, and gender using the Pearson chi-square test, Physiologic and Operative Severity Score for the enumeration of Mortality and Morbidity scores and age using the Student's t- test and lengths of stay using the Mann Whitney-U test. Results Mortality in the group without prehospital statin use was 63.8%, and in the group with prehospital statin use was 34.8% (p=0.018, odds ratio 0.30 to 0.11). Physiologic and Operative Severity Score for the enumeration of Mortality and Morbidity scores were similar between survivor groups with and without statin use and nonsurvivor groups with and without statin use. Hospital and ICU lengths of stay, cardiac morbidity, and number of cardiac events per patient were not statistically different among survivors. Conclusions Prehospital statin use appears to be associated with a significant survival benefit in the ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm population.
Schistosoma mansoni host-exposed surface antigens characterized by sera and recombinant antibodies from schistosomiasis-resistant rats.

Antibodies from Schistosoma mansoni-infected rats, unlike mice, show a higher titer for schistosome apical tegumental antigens compared with non-apical membrane antigens. These antibodies bind to the surface of living lung-stage worms and to formaldehyde-fixed adult worms. We produced a single-chain antibody Fv domain (scFv) phage library displaying the antibody repertoire of rats highly immune to schistosome infection and we selected for scFvs that recognize the host-exposed surface of worms. Five unique rat scFvs (Teg1, Teg4, Teg5, Teg20 and Teg37) were obtained which recognize schistosome surface epitopes. Each of the scFvs recognizes the surface of living schistosomula and lung-stage schistosomules and/or the surface of formaldehyde-fixed adult worms. None of these scFvs reproducibly stained living adult worms. This suggests that a change occurs during the transition from lung schistosomules to 4-week adults such that at least some surface antigens, although remaining on the surface in living adult worms, can no longer be immunologically stained. Teg1 and Teg4 scFvs both recognize specific bands on Western blots. No bands were observed for the other three scFvs, suggesting that these scFvs may recognize non-protein or conformationally-dependent epitopes. Teg1 was unambiguously identified as recognizing the S. mansoni tetraspanin antigen, SmTSP-2, within the large extracellular domain. Teg4 recognizes a 35 kDa band tentatively identified as Sm29 by proteomic analysis. These scFvs can now be used to characterize schistosome epitopes at the host-parasite interface, to target worms in vivo, and to study the mechanisms by which these worms naturally evade immune damage to the tegument within permissive hosts.
A three-phase power flow solution method for unbalanced distribution networks

This paper introduces a methodology for solving power flow problem of both balanced and unbalanced radial distribution networks. Two matrices the line Primitive Impedance Matrix (PIM) and the Branch-Current Matrix (BCM) are developed to obtain the power flow solution for the given network. The special topological characteristics of the distribution network have been taken into consideration while developing these matrices. Due to its distinct features, the optimal node ordering which is necessary in the forward-backward substitution method, LU-decomposition, or Y-bus formulation and factorization are no longer needed in the proposed approach. The proposed method has been tested on a balanced 33-bus network and an 8-bus unbalanced network. The results of the proposed method were found similar when compared with some other methods presented in the literature, while requiring less computational time.
Pharmacological inhibitors of glycogen synthase kinase 3

Three closely related forms of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3alpha, GSK-3beta and GSK-3beta2) have a major role in Wnt and Hedgehog signaling pathways and regulate the cell-division cycle, stem-cell renewal and differentiation, apoptosis, circadian rhythm, transcription and insulin action. A large body of evidence supports speculation that pharmacological inhibitors of GSK-3 could be used to treat several diseases, including Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases, bipolar affective disorder, diabetes, and diseases caused by unicellular parasites that express GSK-3 homologues. The toxicity, associated side-effects and concerns regarding the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of these inhibitors affect their clinical potential. More than 30 inhibitors of GSK-3 have been identified. Seven of these have been co-crystallized with GSK-3beta and all localize within the ATP-binding pocket of the enzyme. GSK-3, as part of a multi-protein complex that contains proteins such as axin, presenilin and beta-catenin, contains many additional target sites for specific modulation of its activity.
Significant Relationships Among Older Women: Cultural and Personal Constructions of Lesbianism

SUMMARY This paper focuses on the interactive nature of the relationship between personal and public constructions of lesbianism in the lives of older women. The cultural construction of lesbianism involves the historical and environmental context of the meaning of lesbianism framed within a societal level. Our discussion evolves around a case study of a lesbian in her eighties, living with a partner in rural Minnesota, We show that when public definitions are unavailable, older lesbians may not define certain aspects of their experience.
Divide-and-conquer: a bubble replacement for low level caches

The widely used LRU replacement policy suffers from the following problems. First, LRU does not exploit fre-quency information of cache accesses. Second, LRU may experience cache thrashing when access to cache exhibits cyclic patterns and the cache capacity is less than the working set. Finally, LRU is expensive to implement in hardware. We propose a bubble replacement for low-level caches, where cache blocks in one set are arranged in a queue for replacement determination. An incoming block enters the queue from the bottom and exchanges its posi-tion with the block above when the block hits, therefore, both recency and frequency information of a program are exploited. A victim block can be chosen from either the bottom or the top block of the queue, which is controlled by a single-bit set-hit flag per set. Choosing the bottom block as the victim makes the bubble replacement resistant to less frequently used blocks from polluting the cache while choosing the top block as the victim makes the bub-ble replacement adaptable to changes in the working set. We also propose to divide the blocks in a cache set into groups where each group implements the bubble replace-ment (we name it the DC-Bubble) to resolve the problems of the bubble replacement. The victim block is chosen ran-domly from the bottom block of each group. The proposed DC-Bubble reduces the average MPKI of the baseline 1MB 16-way L2 cache by 14%, bridges 47% of the gap between LRU and the OPT, reduces the storage require-ment by 61% and simplifies the circuit design compared to LRU.
Conductive heat loss to sand in California sea lions and a harbor seal.

Abstract 1. 1. Heat loss to sand was measured, at an air temperature of 30°C, in four California Sea Lions (Zalophus californianus) and a Harbor Seal (Phoca vitulind). 2. 2. In all five animals, the heat loss to dry sand increased initially and then diminished. The heat loss to wet sand increased also but the increase was more sustained than that to dry sand. 3. 3. The increased heat loss to the sand was associated with a diminution of the insulation of the ventral body wall of the animals. 4. 4. It was estimated that the heat loss to the sand was 10–26 per cent of the metabolic heat production of the animals.
Exploring the time-like region for the elastic form factor in the light-front quantization

Abstract Even though the Drell–Yan–West formulation is the most rigorous and well-established framework to compute the exclusive processes, its utility has been limited only to the space-like region because of the intrinsic kinematic constraint q + =0 . We present an explicit example demonstrating how one may obtain the necessary information (i.e. nonvalence or so called Z -graph contribution) in the time-like region of exclusive process without encountering a formidable task of direct calculation that has hindered so far the progress in this area. In the analysis of q Q bound state form factors using an exactly solvable model of (3+1) -dimensional scalar field theory interacting with gauge fields, the results analytically continued from the space-like region coincide exactly with the direct results in the time-like region. This example verifies that the method of analytic continuation is capable of yielding the effect of complicate nonvalence contributions. The meson peaks analogous to the vector meson dominance (VMD) phenomena are also generated at the usual VMD positions.
Scattering from randomly oriented scatterers with strong permittivity fluctuations

Strong permittivity fluctuation theory is used to solve the problem of scattering from a medium composed of completely randomly oriented scatterers under a low frequency limit. Gaussian statistics are not assumed for the renormalized scattering sources. Numerical results on effective permittivity are illustrated for oblate and prolate spheroidal scatterers and compared with the results for spherical scatterers. The results are consistent with discrete scatterer theory. The effective permittivity of a random medium embedded with nonspherical scatterers shows a higher imaginary part than the spherical scatterer case with equal correlation volume. Under the distorted Born approximation, the polarimetric covariance matrix for the backscattered electric field is calculated for half-space randomly oriented scatterers. The nonspherical geometry of the scatterers shows significant effects on the cross-polarized backscattering returns, and the correlation coefficient between HH and VV returns. The polarimetric backscattering coefficients can provide useful information in distinguishing the geometry of scatterers.
Outcome of "indefinite for dysplasia" in inflammatory bowel disease: correlation with DNA flow cytometry and other risk factors of colorectal cancer.

Summary Dysplasia that develops in the setting of inflammatory bowel disease precedes colorectal cancer (CRC). The category of "indefinite for dysplasia (IND)" is used often in equivocal cases, but its clinical significance remains unclear. Flow cytometric analysis of DNA content (aneuploidy) has shown some promise in stratifying patients into low or high risk of CRC, but there are few reports that have specifically evaluated the outcome of IND. As such, we analyzed a series of 84 IND inflammatory bowel disease patients seen at the University of Washington and Harborview Medical Centers from 2003 to 2013 to determine the outcome of IND. Hospital electronic medical records were further reviewed to correlate outcome with the type of lesion (flat versus polypoid), primary sclerosing cholangitis, active inflammation in the area of IND, and DNA flow cytometric data. The data show that 13% of IND cases were found to have low-grade dysplasia, whereas only 2% of IND cases showed advanced neoplasia (high-grade dysplasia or CRC) after a mean follow-up of 28 months. The risk of neoplasia was not significantly associated with the type of lesion ( P = .94 from log-rank test), primary sclerosing cholangitis ( P = .94), or active inflammation ( P = .41) in this cohort. However, the finding of DNA aneuploidy at baseline IND was predictive of subsequent detection of neoplasia ( P = .037). IND patients with abnormal DNA flow cytometric results may warrant more careful follow-up, but conversely, IND in the setting of normal DNA content may require less frequent surveillance colonoscopy.
Lipid phase separation in phospholipid bilayers and monolayers modeling the plasma membrane

It is postulated that biological membrane lipids are heterogeneously distributed into lipid microdomains. Recent evidence indicates that docosahexaenoic acid-containing phospholipids may be involved in biologically important lipid phase separations. Here we investigate the elastic and thermal properties of a model plasma membrane composed of egg sphingomyelin (SM), cholesterol and 1-stearoyl-2-docosahexaenoyl-sn-glycerophosphoethanolamine (SDPE). Two techniques are employed, pressure-area isotherms on monolayers to examine condensation and interfacial elasticity behavior, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) on bilayers to evaluate phase separations. Significant levels of condensation are observed for mixtures of SM and cholesterol. Surface elasticity measurements indicate that cholesterol decreases and SDPE increases the in-plane elasticity of SM monolayers. At X(SDPE)> or =0.15 in SM, a more horizontal region emerges in the pressure-area isotherms indicating 'squeeze out' of SDPE from the monolayers. Addition of cholesterol to equimolar amounts of SM and SDPE further increases the amount of 'squeeze out', supporting the concept of phase separation into a cholesterol- and SM-rich liquid ordered phase and a SDPE-rich liquid disordered phase. This conclusion is corroborated by DSC studies where as little as X(Chol)=0.0025 induces a phase separation between the two lipids.
Thermodynamic Properties of the Unique Self-Assembly of {Mo72Fe30} Inorganic Macro-Ions in Salt-Free and Salt-Containing Aqueous Solutions

Static and dynamic laser light scattering techniques are used to monitor the slow self-assembly of 2.5-nm-diameter, hollow spherical, fully hydrophilic heteropolyoxometalate {Mo72Fe30} macro-ions into single-layer vesicle-like “blackberries” (averaging ∼50−60 nm in diameter) in dilute salt-free and salt-containing aqueous solutions, to obtain the thermodynamic properties of the unique self-assembly. A very high activation energy is observed during the transition from the single ion (general solute state) to blackberries (so-called “second solute state”), which might be responsible for the interestingly slow self-assembly process in dilute solutions. The thermodynamic parameters of the blackberry formation can be affected by adding simple electrolytes into the solution, because the electrostatic interactions are responsible for the unique self-assembly, and the effects of various anions and cations (in the low salt concentration regimes) are discussed. Multivalent anions make the single {Mo72Fe30} macro-io...
Performance of magnetic field guided navigation system for interventional neurosurgical and cardiac procedures

A hospital-based magnetic guidance system (MGS) was installed to assist a physician in navigating catheters and guide wires during interventional cardiac and neurosurgical procedures. The objective of this study is to examine the performance of this magnetic field-guided navigation system. Our results show that the system's radiological imaging components produce images with quality similar to that produced by other modern fluoroscopic devices. The system's magnetic navigation components also deflect the wire and catheter tips toward the intended direction. The physician, however, will have to oversteer the wire or catheter when defining the steering angle during the procedure. The MGS could be clinically useful in device navigation deflection and vessel access.
Understanding the dynamics of direction giving and following during navigation

Getting from place to place is essential to everyday life. Often, we rely on directions from others to help us navigate to unfamiliar destinations, such as tourist sites. These route descriptions may contain a variety of cues, including cardinal directions (e.g., north, south), left and right turns, landmarks, and street names. The goal of this project was to understand the cues people use when giving directions for navigation. Experiment 1 investigated whether the information provided depended on recipient perspective. Sixty-four college student participants provided directions to help a fictitious recipient get from starting locations to destinations in a fictitious model town. The model town included labeled streets and landmarks (i.e., mall, gym, lake) on a 6 ft. × 4 1/2 ft. piece of plywood. On half of the trials, participants were instructed to provide directions for a fictitious recipient who was driving in the town (a route perspective). On the remaining trials, participants were instructed to provide directions for a fictitious recipient who was looking at a map of the town (a survey perspective). As predicted, people included significantly more landmarks and left–right descriptions when addressing a recipient driving in the town. In contrast, they used significantly more cardinal descriptors when addressing a recipient looking at a map. Participants included street names very often, regardless of condition. These findings suggest that recipient perspective affects direction-giving processes. Experiment 2 examined the effectiveness of these navigation directions from the recipient’s perspective. A new group of 80 college student participants read sets of descriptions (provided by participants in Experiment 1) for navigating particular routes in our fictitious model town. They were asked to rate each route description based on its effectiveness for aiding navigation using a 7-point Likert-type scale. Participants rated as highly effective the descriptions that utilized left-right turns and distance references. In contrast, they rated as less effective descriptions that made use of cardinal directions. Our findings indicate that adults are skillful at adapting the navigation information they provide to the needs of the listener. Moreover, adults understand how the information provided by others affects the effectiveness of directions for aiding navigation. Together, these findings confirm that direction giving and following are dynamic processes that depend on interactions between those providing directions, the recipients of such directions, and the environments through which they navigate. Thus, they add to our understanding of skillful direction giving and following in the service of navigation.
Inelastic neutron scattering from gaseous hydrogen

We have measured the inelastic neutron scattering from gaseous hydrogen at a temperature of 18 K using neutrons with a nominal incident energy of 504 meV. The observed scattering exhibits peaks corresponding to excitations from the ground rotational state to final states of odd rotational quantum number. We find excellent agreement between the relative intensities of these peaks and a quantum mechanical calculation.
Finite Element Modeling of CNS White Matter Kinematics: Use of a 3D RVE to Determine Material Properties.

Axonal injury represents a critical target area for the prevention and treatment of traumatic brain and spinal cord injuries. Finite element (FE) models of the head and/or brain are often used to predict brain injury caused by external mechanical loadings, such as explosive waves and direct impact. The accuracy of these numerical models depends on correctly determining the material properties and on the precise depiction of the tissues’ microstructure (microscopic level). Moreover, since the axonal microstructure for specific regions of the brain white matter is locally oriented, the stress and strain fields are highly anisotropic and axon orientation dependent. Additionally, mechanical strain has been identified as the proximal cause of axonal injury, which further demonstrates the importance of this multi-scale relationship. In this study, our previously developed FE and kinematic axonal models are coupled and applied to a pseudo 3-dimensional representative volume element (RVE) of central nervous system white matter to investigate the multi-scale mechanical behavior. An inverse FE procedure was developed to identify material parameters of spinal cord white matter by combining the results of uniaxial testing with FE modeling. A satisfactory balance between simulation and experiment was achieved via optimization by minimizing the squared error between the simulated and experimental force-stretch curve. The combination of experimental testing and FE analysis provides a useful analysis tool for soft biological tissues in general, and specifically enables evaluations of the axonal response to tissue-level loading and subsequent predictions of axonal damage.
Leadership and Working With Different Kinds of People—It is a Neapolitan World

Abstract The purpose of this article is to help you, as a leader, make your work environment a productive and enjoyable place to work. Working with people requires understanding and dealing with people, no two of whom are alike. Most effective leaders value and capitalize on the strengths of individuals and being caring, wise, and flexible enough to meet the needs of each individual. The result is a humanistic and high-performance workplace. The reader's challenge is to see results in the work setting.
A comparison of a hypnoanalytic/behavior modification technique and a cotherapist‐type treatment with primary orgasmic dysfunctional females: Some preliminary results

Abstract An investigation was conducted with primary orgasmic dysfunctional females, comparing a newly‐developed integrated hypnoanalytic/behavior modification technique to a cotherapist/couples‐type of treatment and to a nontreatment condition. All experimental and control subjects completed pre‐post instruments designed to measure orgasmic success through subject validation. A 4‐year follow‐up analysis indicated that the integrated technique was more successful than the cotherapist approach in eliminating primary orgasmic dysfunction; there was no success at all in the nontreatment condition. The findings suggest that working with deeper personality dynamics in conjunction with behavior modification is a more effective method of treating the disorder than the cotherapist/couples‐type behavioral approach. Further, the necessity for accumulating careful follow‐up data and replicating treatment methods in a treatment‐outcome study is discussed.
Spectroscopic studies of Lewis acid—base complexes—VI. Vibrational spectra and normal coordinate calculations for several isotopic varieties of trimethylphosphine—gallium trichloride

Raman and infrared spectra of trimethylphosphine-gallium trichloride have been obtained from microcrystalline solids, mulls and KBr discs. The data include results from the deuterated species as well as from samples prepared from 69Ga and "Ga. Revised assignments are proposed on the basis of the isotopic data and are supported by normal coordinate calculations. AMONG the various molecular properties which have been employed as indices of dative bond strength in Lewis acid-base complexes, force constants have been one of the most frequently used. Although pronounced changes may occur in some of the internal force constants of the acid and base moieties upon complexation, most attention has focussed on the dative bond force constant. To date, attempts at correlating this constant with the acid or base strength, as determined from chemical data, of the participating partners have not been particularly successful. In some cases the difference in this force constant between two complexes has scarcely been more than the uncertainties involved, despite marked differences in the stability of the complexes being compared. Clearly, the relationships of the various variables involved have not been fully delineated and further study of Lewis complexes is needed. Many of the detailed investigations that have been made to date have involved acids or bases of first row elements where steric crowding has been present in the complex (l). In the present investigation of trimethylphosphine-gallium trichloride, this factor is mini- mal, so much so that the complex has the unusual eclipsed configuration in the solid state where, presumably, intermolecular packing considerations have overcome intramolecu- lar effects (2). This absence of intramolecular steric effects may be informative in comparing results from various complexes. Previous spectroscopic work on the trimethylphosphine-gallium trichloride complex consists of three papers (3-51. The first two are limited in scope and give i.r. frequencies primarily for purposes of characterization. The third (5) reports both i.r. and Raman data together with the results of a normal coordinate analysis. However, the data were obtained for the normal compound only, no data for isotopic compounds being presented, and Raman polarization measurements were not feasible. Spectroscopic studies for the related complexes, phosphine-gallium trichloride and triphenylphosphine-gallium trichloride, have appeared recently (6,7) but the data again are limited to the normal species. The present investigation extends the data for trimethylphosphine-gallium trichloride to include those for the deuterated species and also provides results for complexes containing isotopically enriched "Ga and "Ga. A normal coordinate analysis has been carried out to confirm revised assignments. For several modes, the calculations indicated a sufficient difference between A, and E isotope shifts to enable symmetry assignments to be made with some degree of confidence.
Human DNA Polymerase ι Promiscuous Mismatch Extension

Abstract Human DNA polymerase ι is a low-fidelity template copier that preferentially catalyzes the incorporation of the wobble base G, rather than the Watson-Crick base A, opposite template T (Tissier, A., McDonald, J. P., Frank, E. G., and Woodgate, R. (2000) Genes Dev. 14, 1642–1650; Johnson, R. E., Washington, M. T., Haracska, L., Prakash, S., and Prakash, L. (2000) Nature 406, 1015–1019; Zhang, Y., Yuan, F., Wu, X., and Wang, Z. (2000) Mol. Cell. Biol. 20, 7099–7108). Here, we report on its ability to extend all 12 possible mispairs and 4 correct pairs in different sequence contexts. Extension from both matched and mismatched primer termini is generally most efficient and accurate when A is the next template base. In contrast, extension occurs less efficiently and accurately when T is the target template base. A striking exception occurs during extension of a G:T mispair, where the enzyme switches specificity, “preferring” to make a correct A:T base pair immediately downstream from an originally favored G:T mispair. Polymerase ι generates a variety of single and tandem mispairs with high frequency, implying that it may act as a strong mutator when copying undamaged DNA templates in vivo. Even so, its limited ability to catalyze extension from a relatively stable primer/template containing a “buried” mismatch suggests that polymerase ι-catalyzed errors are confined to short template regions.
Asking fathers: a study of psychosocial adaptation.

Summary. Although few contemporary studies specifically address paternal adaptation, the theme of paternal estrangement from medical care and from family relationships is pervasive in the psychosocial literature on haemophilia. This estrangement has been shown to have a negative effect on fathers’ psychological well-being, marital relationships and the adaptive outcome of their sons who have haemophilia. The goals of this study were to provide contemporary data on the psychosocial adaptation of fathers of boys with haemophilia and to examine specific variables that might influence their adjustment. Eighty-three eligible fathers returned a survey instrument that collected demographic and medical information, as well as scores on self-measures of adaptation in marital and parenting roles. Statistically significant direct correlations (P < 0.01) were found between fathers’ scores on the Marital Adjustment Test and the Parenting Sense of Competence subscales (parenting efficacy and satisfaction). Variables specific to rearing a son with haemophilia that negatively affected fathers’ marital adjustment scores included: feeling left out of medical decision making by their wives or partners, worry about their sons’ having limited activity, and the presence of a secondary diagnosis in the affected child. Scores on the parenting efficacy subscale of the PSOC were statistically significantly reduced (i.e. fathers felt less effective in the parenting role) in men who ‘rarely’ or ‘never’ infused their sons (42/80, 53%). Variables that negatively affected scores on the parenting satisfaction subscale included frustrating interactions with medical staff and concern about their sons’ potential to contract an infection or secondary diagnosis. This paper presents a model to examine the interrelationships among the data and discusses the clinical implications.
Stepfamily Education: Perceived Benefits for Children

This article explores ways in which stepfamily education benefits children. The study is based on interviews with 40 parents and 20 facilitators who were part of a multisite stepfamily program. Three main themes emerged from the interviews. Children were perceived to benefit by their parents' increased empathy, engagement in family time, and enhanced relationship skills. Children benefited from expressing their feelings and developing their own relationship skills. Normalizing and social support from peers and facilitators were also considered beneficial. The findings support educational efforts to strengthen stepfamilies and highlight the value of systemic interventions that involve the entire family.
Allelopathy of crop residues influences corn seed germination and early growth.

(...) Studies were conducted in which residues of corn, soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], oat [Avena sativa (L.)], and mixed grass hay were extracted under N 2 gas or air. Organic debris was removed and half of each extract was filter sterilized. Corn seeds were incubated in the extracts for 96 h at 25°C. Percent germination, and lengths of coleoptile, radicle, and secondary roots were measured (...)
Simplified method for determining the polysilicate content in cementitious pastes using trimethylsilyl derivatives

Abstract The silicate structure of hydrated portland cement or calcium silicate pastes is now considered to be an important factor in determining engineering properties of these materials, particularly drying shrinkage and creep. Correlations between “polysilicate” content and shrinkage and creep behvior of pastes have been observed (1–3). Two analytical methods have been used to determine the polysilicate content of a paste: a) following the rate of complexing with molybdic acid (4), and b) derivatization by trimethylsilyl (TMS) groups (5) followed by chromatographic analyses (6,7). The present paper presents a simplified method of determining quantitatively the amount of derivatized polysilicate without the need of chromatographic equipment which is not readily available in most laboratories.
T1rho (T1ρ) MR imaging in Alzheimer' disease and Parkinson's disease with and without dementia

In the current study, we aim to measure T1rho (T (1ρ)) in the hippocampus in the brain of control, Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and PD patients with dementia (PDD), and to determine efficacy of T (1ρ) in differentiating these cohorts. With informed consent, 53 AD patients, 62 PD patients, 11 PDD patients, and 46 age-matched controls underwent a standardized clinical assessment including mini-mental state examination (MMSE) and brain T (1ρ) MRI on a 1.5-T clinical-scanner. T(1ρ) maps were generated by fitting each pixel's intensity as a function of the spin-lock pulse duration. In control, AD, PD and PDD, mean ± SE T (1ρ) values in the right hippocampus (RH) were 92.15 ± 2.00, 99.65 ± 1.98, 85.68 ± 1.87, 102.47 ± 4.66 ms while in the left hippocampus (LH) these values were 90.16 ± 1.82, 99.53 ± 1.91, 84.33 ± 2.03, 95.33 ± 4.64 ms. Significant difference for both RH and LH T (1ρ) across the groups (p < 0.001) was observed. Both RH and LH T (1ρ) were significantly increased in AD compared to control (p = 0.034, p = 0.001) and PD (p < 0.001, p < 0.001). In control, both RH and LH T (1ρ) values were significantly increased compared to PD (p = 0.031, p = 0.027) while compared to PDD only the RH T (1ρ) value was significantly decreased (p = 0.043). Both RH and LH T (1ρ) values in PD were significantly lower than PDD (p = 0.004, p = 0.032). No significant correlation between the T (1ρ) and age as well as between T (1ρ) and MMSE scores was observed. The serial measurement of T(1ρ) in both AD and PD may provide the nature of disease progression and may contribute to their early diagnosis.
Obstacle avoidance and concealed target detection using the Army Research Lab ultra-wideband synchronous impulse reconstruction (UWB SIRE) forward imaging radar

The U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL), as part of a mission and customer funded exploratory program, has developed a new low-frequency, ultra-wideband (UWB) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) for forward imaging to support the Army's vision of an autonomous navigation system for robotic ground vehicles. These unmanned vehicles, equipped with an array of imaging sensors, will be tasked to help detect man-made obstacles such as concealed targets, enemy minefields, and booby traps, as well as other natural obstacles such as ditches, and bodies of water. The ability of UWB radar technology to help detect concealed objects has been documented in the past and could provide an important obstacle avoidance capability for autonomous navigation systems, which would improve the speed and maneuverability of these vehicles and consequently increase the survivability of the U. S. forces on the battlefield. One of the primary features of the radar is the ability to collect and process data at combat pace in an affordable, compact, and lightweight package. To achieve this, the radar is based on the synchronous impulse reconstruction (SIRE) technique where several relatively slow and inexpensive analog-to-digital (A/D) converters are used to sample the wide bandwidth of the radar signals. We conducted an experiment this winter at Aberdeen Proving Ground (APG) to support the phenomenological studies of the backscatter from positive and negative obstacles for autonomous robotic vehicle navigation, as well as the detection of concealed targets of interest to the Army. In this paper, we briefly describe the UWB SIRE radar and the test setup in the experiment. We will also describe the signal processing and the forward imaging techniques used in the experiment. Finally, we will present imagery of man-made obstacles such as barriers, concertina wires, and mines.
Diffusion limitation in comparative models of gas exchange.

Abstract Piiper and Scheid (Resp. Physiol. 23: 209–221, 1975) compared different models of external gas exchange with performance indices defined as functions of ventilatory/perfusive and diffusive/perfusive conductance ratios (Gvent/Gperf and Gdiff/Gperf, where Gdiff is diffusing capacity). We expanded their analysis to include: (1) ΔpD, the average partial pressure gradient driving diffusion across the exchange barrier, normalized to the maximum gradient available (Pi-Pv), and (2) Jdiff, the sensitivity of total conductance to changes in Gdiff, where total conductance is the ratio of gas flux to the maximum gradient [ Gtot = M /(Pi-Pv) ]. Although the counter-current model is most efficient, it is more sensitive than cross-current or ventilated pool models to changes in Gdiff. For given Gvent, Gperf and Pi-Pv, maximum Gtot may not be achieved in the counter-current model until Gdiff is over ten-fold greater than that necessary for maximum Gtot in the other models. Experimental data also shows greater Jdiff and diffusion limitation in fish than in birds or mammals. We conclude that counter-current O2 exchange cannot approach ideal levels as closely as the ventilated pool or cross-current models in nature.
Transoral Endoscopic Head and Neck Surgery and Its Role Within the Multidisciplinary Treatment Paradigm of Oropharynx Cancer: Robotics, Lasers, and Clinical Trials

Transoral endoscopic head and neck surgery is a new approach for the treatment of oropharyngeal tumors. Using either a robotic system and/or laser, surgeons gain access through the mouth via minimally invasive technique and thus have improved visualization of the tumors of the oropharynx, without disfiguring incisions. This transoral route of access minimizes long-term speech and swallowing dysfunction. Surgeons view this approach as a considerable technologic advance, analogous to the evolution in radiation therapy from conventional two- and three-dimensional conformal techniques to intensity-modulated techniques. Although the use of radiation with or without chemotherapy to treat oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) is supported by evidence from prospective clinical trials, there are no prospective data supporting the use of this new surgical approach for OPC. Here, we review the fundamentals of transoral endoscopic head and neck surgery, with robotics and laser technology, and discuss ongoing clinical trials for patients with OPC.
Confucianism and Christianity: The First Encounter

The book centres around a major theme: the first 'confrontation' between the Supreme Ultimate (or T'ien) of the Confucian cosmological order and the Christian anthropomorphic God as conveyed to the Chinese literati by the Western missionaries.
Prediction of Traffic-Actuated Phase Times on Arterial Streets

Traffic congestion in U.S. cities has grown rapidly in recent years, and numerous solutions are needed to address the problem. New research is described for producing basic improvements in the practice of traffic signal timing design, which is one of the many available weapons for fighting congestion and delay. Models in the literature for predicting traffic-actuated phase times are oversimplified. In some cases, they do not recognize the signal settings associated with today's controllers, which affect phase times. In other cases, models from the literature do not recognize operational effects (for example, progression, queue blockage, permitted left turn, critical movement, early return to green, and stochastic effects) that affect phase times or that are applicable only to isolated signals instead of coordinated signals. Consequently, the recommended average phase times are not practical, and the resulting performance estimates and timing plan designs are unlikely to materialize in the field. The overall goal of this research is to describe and demonstrate an improved methodology for predicting actuated phase times. An improved methodology is needed to improve the overall timing plan design process. Experimental results indicate an improvement in the accuracy of actuated phase time calculation based on the improved methodology.
Assistant Professor: Paranoid or Self-Preserving?

This article focuses on the issues raised by employment in an academic setting during the first 3 years post-Ph.D. Specifically, identification with counseling psychology and opportunities for professional development are benefits of an academic appointment, while role overload and work tasks that lack natural closure are costs. The lack of opportunities for practice and the devaluation of practice in academic settings are also discussed, along with problems in implementing the scientist-practitioner model and obtaining postdoctoral hours toward licensure. Fears regarding incompetence, evaluation, and tenure are noted, and specific coping strategies are offered. Two personal issues are discussed: combining parenthood and work in a balanced life-style and being a woman in a male, and sometimes sexist, academic system.
PET measurement of changes in D2/D3 dopamine receptor binding in a nonhuman primate during chronic deep brain stimulation of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis

PET imaging is a powerful tool for measuring physiological changes in the brain during deep brain stimu- lation (DBS). In this work, we acquired five PET scans using a highly selective D2/D3 dopamine antagonist, 18F-fallypride, to track changes in dopamine receptor availability, as measured by the distribution volume ratio (DVR), through the course of DBS in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) in a nonhuman
Melatonin and vitamin E limit nitric oxide-induced lipid peroxidation in rat brain homogenates

Abstract We have investigated the level of lipid peroxidation (LPO) in rat brain homogenates in the presence of nitric oxide (NO) which was released by the addition of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and compared it with that induced by H 2 O 2 . We also examined the effect of melatonin and vitamin E on the NO-induced LPO. The concentration of malonaldehyde (MDA) plus 4-hydroxyalkenals (4-HDA) was used as an index of LPO. While both H 2 O 2 and SNP increased MDA+4-HDA production in brain homogenates in a concentration-dependent manner, SNP was more potent than H 2 O 2 at all concentrations tested. Both melatonin or vitamin E reduced NO-induced LPO in a dose-dependent manner in concentrations ranging from 10 μ M to 10 mM. Under the in vitro conditions of this experiment, vitamin E was more efficient than melatonin in limiting NO-induced LPO in rat brain homogenates.
Genetic algorithm to estimate cumulative prospect theory parameters for selection of high-occupancy-vehicle lane

Recent literature suggests a need for a more realistic representation of driver behavior. In an effort to integrate prospect theory as a potential descriptive method into traveler behavior, it is important to determine the validity of previous estimated parameters obtained from empirical studies and interviews of people who are not in the same fast-paced, dynamic, travel time disutility setting as real drivers. A genetic algorithm is used to simultaneously estimate the parameters of the cumulated prospect theory (CPT) value and weight functions as well as the coefficients of the random utility model; this procedure leads to estimates that have a higher likelihood value and statistical significance than an equivalent expected utility-based logit model or a CPT-based logit model using the empirical values developed earlier. The value function parameters generally conform to conclusions from previous literature. The weight function parameters, however, suggest that drivers in a fast-paced changing environmen...