cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 1329: Combination treatment with CB-839 and romidepsin induces apoptosis and suppresses cell viability in preclinical models of chondrosarcoma

Chondrosarcomas are the second most frequently occurring type of bone malignancy, and account for approximately 25% of all bone sarcomas. They are often highly aggressive neoplasms that rapidly progress and eventually recur and give distant metastases. They are largely considered to be resistant to conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Several studies have reported that mTORC1 stimulates glutamine metabolism and increased mitogenic signaling through activation of the mTORC pathway, coupled with deregulation of the Cyclin D/retinoblastoma (Rb) pathway is a common feature of certain malignancies. In the present study, we hypothesized that concurrent inhibition of glutamine metabolism and histone acetylation could result in decreased viability of chondrosarcoma cells. To test this, we used a panel of chondrosarcoma cell lines including IDH wild type (CH2879), IDH1 mutant (JJ012) and IDH2 mutant (SW1353) cell line. Results from our in vitro proliferation assay showed that combination of sub-IC 50 concentrations of the CB-839 (Glutaminase inhibitor) and Romidepsin (HDAC inhibitor) resulted in decreased cell viability of all the three chondrosarcoma cell lines when compared to either of the two drugs alone. Western blot analysis showed induction of cleaved Poly-ADP Ribose Polymerase (PARP) as well as cleaved caspase 3, known markers of apoptosis and down regulation of mTORC1 targets such as phospho-S6 and Phospho-p44/42 MAPK such as ERK1/2. Combination treatment also resulted in increased induction of histone acetylation (AcH3). Cell cycle analysis showed induction of sub-G1 population phase in combination treatment. Previous reports have shown that CpG methylation is a critical event in transcriptional repression of hyper methylated genes in cancer. To this end, we show that combination treatment with CB-839 and Romidepsin results in down regulation of (H3K9) methylation. Taken together, our data strongly suggests that combination treatment with CB-839 (Glutaminase inhibitor) and Romidepsin (HDAC inhibitor) is a novel treatment approach and merits evaluation in the treatment of chondrosarcoma. Citation Format: Tahir N. Sheikh, Parag P. Patwardhan, Gary K. Schwartz. Combination treatment with CB-839 and romidepsin induces apoptosis and suppresses cell viability in preclinical models of chondrosarcoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1329.
Analysis of dispersion and propagation properties in a periodic rod using a space-fractional wave equation

Abstract This study explores the use of fractional calculus as a possible tool to model wave propagation in complex, heterogeneous media. While the approach presented could be applied to predict field transport in a variety of inhomogeneous systems, we illustrate the methodology by focusing on elastic wave propagation in a one-dimensional periodic rod. The governing equations describing the wave propagation problem in inhomogeneous systems typically consist of partial differential equations with spatially varying coefficients. Even for very simple systems, these models require numerical solutions which are computationally expensive and do not provide the valuable insights associated with closed-form solutions. We will show that fractional calculus can provide a powerful approach to develop comprehensive mathematical models of inhomogeneous systems that can effectively be regarded as homogenized models. Although at first glance the mathematics might appear more complex, these fractional order models can allow the derivation of closed-form analytical solutions that provide excellent estimations of the systems' dynamic responses. Equally important, these solutions are valid in a frequency range that goes largely beyond the well-known homogenization limit of traditional integer order approaches, therefore providing a possible route to high-frequency homogenization. More specifically, this study focuses on the analyses of the dispersion and propagation properties of a periodic medium under single-tone harmonic excitation and illustrates the methodology to obtain a space-fractional wave equation capable of capturing the behavior of the physical system. The fractional wave equation and its analytical solution are compared with numerical results obtained via a traditional finite element method in order to assess their validity and evaluate their performance. It is found that the resulting fractional differential models are, in their most general form, of complex and frequency-dependent order.
Sleep better on combination therapy: SLFN11 predicts response to veliparib and temozolomide in recurrent small cell lung cancer.

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a devastating disease with rapid progression and limited treatment options (1). Topotecan is the only Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved treatment option for recurrent or progressive SCLC, but has a median time to progression of less than four months (2). More effective therapies are urgently needed. Alkylating agents have shown single-agent efficacy in SCLC (3), and a recent phase II clinical trial demonstrated that temozolomide (TMZ), a non-classic oral alkylating agent, had activity in relapsed SCLC [overall response rate (ORR) 20%], particularly for brain metastasis (4). However, the median progression-free survival (PFS) time of TMZ was still only 3.5 months.
Phenomenology in North America and “Continental” Philosophy

In any description of phenomenology in North America, it is important to distinguish it from “Continental” philosophy since the lines between them are too often blurred or non-existent in many minds. Continental philosophy is really a catch-all designation for much of what goes on in European philosophy today as well as in its American spin-offs, and it includes quite a heterogeneous set of approaches, philosophical and marginally so: Hegelianism, Marxism, neo-Nietzscheanism, critical theory (both literary and socio-political as in the Frankfurt School, e.g., Habermas), psychoanalysis (e.g., Lacan, Irigaray), existentialism, structuralism, post-modernism, feminism, etc.— even pragmatism in the version developed by Richard Rorty. Phenomenology is also included in depictions of Continental philosophy and is indeed usually assigned a founding role in it; but even in that major role it is only one strand, and hence should not be equated with it. It should also be noted that “Continental philosophy” is often used simply to make a distinction from “Anglo-Saxon” philosophy, which is typically equated with “analytic” philosophy. One way to clarify matters is to refer to the “core-concepts” delineated elsewhere in this volume, whereby one can determine what is strictly phenomenological from other approaches.
A Double Penalty Model for Interpretability

Modern statistical learning techniques have often emphasized prediction performance over interpretability, giving rise to "black box" models that may be difficult to understand, and to generalize to other settings. We conceptually divide a prediction model into interpretable and non-interpretable portions, as a means to produce models that are highly interpretable with little loss in performance. Implementation of the model is achieved by considering separability of the interpretable and non-interpretable portions, along with a doubly penalized procedure for model fitting. We specify conditions under which convergence of model estimation can be achieved via cyclic coordinate ascent, and the consistency of model estimation holds. We apply the methods to datasets for microbiome host trait prediction and a diabetes trait, and discuss practical tradeoff diagnostics to select models with high interpretability.
Rare Treatment for a Rare Tumor: Cryoablation of a Granular Cell Tumor.

Background Granular cell tumors (GCTs) or Abrikossoff's tumors are rare neoplasms known to originate from Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system. These lesions are usually benign; malignancy only occurs in 1-2% of cases. Surgical resection is the traditional treatment method for GCTs, but it poses several risks and disadvantages related to the surgical incompatibility of the patient, the extended recovery time, and the chance of relapse. Cryoablation is becoming an increasingly favored method of treatment for tumors, both benign and malignant, due to its minimal invasiveness, natural analgesic properties, and ability to stimulate antitumor immunity. Cryoablation may contribute to the prevention of secondary and metastatic tumor growth in cases of malignancy by preserving tumor-associated antigen molecules for recognition by cell-mediated immunity. Methods This article describes a novel method for GCT treatment using cryoablation. This technique exposes tumor tissue to extreme cold temperatures, effectively destroying tumor cells by irreversibly compromising their plasma membranes. To our knowledge, this is the first report in the literature of cryoablative techniques being used for GCT. Results Cryoablation of this mass was successful with no complications. CT images during the procedure demonstrated circumferential coverage of the entire lesion with no injury to the surrounding tissues. Conclusion Cryoablation can be used as an alternative to surgical intervention to treat malignant GCTs. This procedure is minimally invasive, less painful, and potentially effective in promoting antitumor immunity.
Seeing blue: pushing integrated photonics into the ultraviolet with ALD aluminum oxide

Following the widespread implementation of silicon photonics technology, the emergence of applications in optogenetics, biosensing, augmented reality, and atomic-molecular-optical physics has highlighted a need for integrated photonic platforms operating at visible and ultraviolet wavelengths. Conventional materials for integrated photonics are not well-suited to the task; silicon's 1.1 eV bandgap thwarts its usefulness for wavelengths shorter than the near infrared, and as wavelengths decrease toward the ultraviolet, silicon nitride likewise begins to falter and strong material absorption takes hold. Meanwhile, aluminum oxide grown by atomic layer deposition (ALD) is a largely unexplored material which exhibits low material loss deep into the ultraviolet. ALD alumina keeps several desirable characteristics of silicon nitride; namely easy deposition on a variety of substrates and processing with commonly-available tooling. Here I discuss recent work developing ALD aluminum oxide for building integrated photonic systems, with an emphasis on fabrication and recent measured results. I review results for waveguides and resonators in the visible-to-ultraviolet regime, using both vertical grating couplers and inverse-taper edge couplers for input/output. Measured ring resonators at λ = 405 nm exhibit intrinsic quality factors exceeding 470,000, and propagation loss is measured from 0.5 dB/cm at λ = 461 nm to < 3 dB/cm at λ = 370 nm.
Accelerated and Preconditioned Refinement of Gauss-Seidel Method for Uplink Signal Detection in 5G Massive MIMO Systems

Massive MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) is a sub-6 GHz wireless access technology, and it is one of the key enabling technologies for the next-generation wireless networks. Massive MIMO groups together antennas at both transmitter and the receiver and achieves high spectral and energy efficiency. Although massive MIMO offers immense benefits, it has to overcome some implementation challenges to make this system a reality. One of the fundamental issues in the massive MIMO system is the uplink signal detection, which becomes inefficient and computationally complex with a large number of antennas. In this paper, we propose an accelerated and preconditioned refinement of the Gauss-Seidel method for uplink signal detection in massive MIMO systems. We further increase the convergence rate of the proposed algorithm by applying Jacobi preconditioner and introducing a novel matrix initialization scheme. The simulations results show that the proposed algorithm achieves near-optimal Bit Error Rate (BER) performance, and it is computationally efficient, compared to conventional detection algorithms. Additionally, we also propose a novel hardware architecture for our proposed algorithm, which helps to identify the required physical components and their interrelationships.
Commissural fusion as etiology of bioprosthetic mitral stenosis in a patient with rheumatic heart disease.

We report commissural fusion as a unique morphologic etiology of early bioprosthetic mitral valve failure in a woman with a history of rheumatic mitral stenosis. She had undergone mitral valve replacement with a 25-mm Edwards Magna Ease bovine pericardial bioprosthesis 3 years earlier and presented with progressive dyspnea. Transesophageal echocardiography revealed severe bioprosthetic stenosis due to commissural fusion. She underwent percutaneous valve-in-valve implantation with a 26-mm Edwards Sapien 3 prosthesis. Marked symptomatic improvement was noted postprocedurally. We speculate that commissural fusion may be a unique pathologic feature of failing bioprosthetic valves in patients with prior rheumatic mitral valve disease.
Comparing in-person supervision and telesupervision: A multiple baseline single-case study

The COVID-19 pandemic has precipitated the unplanned, widespread adoption of telepsychotherapy by mental health care professionals. Psychotherapy supervision is also undergoing a rapid shift to telepractice, though questions remain about the efficacy and regulatory standing of telesupervision. A critical unanswered question is: How does telesupervision compare with traditional in-person supervision? This study (completed before the COVID-19 pandemic) used a multiple baseline singlecase design to compare the relative effectiveness of in-person supervision and telesupervision. For the small sample of supervisee participants, in-person supervision and telesupervision had equivalent outcomes; there was no significant decrease in participant-rated supervision satisfaction or supervisory working alliance after participants switched from the initial in-person supervision format to telesupervision. In follow-up interviews, participants discussed 4 themes which may be relevant to mental health care professionals adopting telesupervision: (a) differences between modalities, (b) characteristics of an effective supervisor, (c) the role of technology, and (d) personal preference. These results add to a small but growing evidence base that suggests telesupervision is a viable alternative to in-person supervision. Practical recommendations for telesupervision during the COVID-19 pandemic are also discussed.
High-frequency oscillations in the internal globus pallidus: a pathophysiological biomarker in Parkinson's disease?

Abnormal oscillatory neural activity in the basal ganglia is thought to play a pathophysiological role in Parkinson9s disease. Many patient studies have focused on beta frequency band (13-35 Hz) local field potential activity in the subthalamic nucleus, however increasing evidence points to alterations in neural oscillations in high frequency ranges (>100 Hz) having pathophysiological relevance. Prior studies have found that power in subthalamic high frequency oscillations (HFOs) is positively correlated with dopamine tone and increased during voluntary movements, implicating these brain rhythms in normal basal ganglia function. Contrary to this idea, in the current study we present a combination of clinical and preclinical data that support the hypothesis that HFOs in the internal globus pallidus (GPi) are a pathophysiological feature of Parkinson9s disease. Spontaneous and movement-related pallidal field potentials were recorded from deep brain stimulation (DBS) leads targeting the GPi in five externalized Parkinson9s disease patients, on and off dopaminergic medication. We identified a prominent oscillatory peak centered at 200-300 Hz in the off-medication rest recordings in all patients. High frequency power increased during movement, and the magnitude of modulation was negatively correlated with bradykinesia. Moreover, high frequency oscillations were significantly attenuated in the on-medication condition, suggesting they are a feature of the parkinsonian condition. To further confirm that GPi high frequency oscillations are characteristic of dopamine depletion, we also collected field potentials from DBS leads chronically implanted in three rhesus monkeys before and after the induction of parkinsonism with the neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6 tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). High frequency oscillations and their modulation during movement were not prominent in the normal condition but emerged in the parkinsonian condition in the monkey model. These data provide the first evidence demonstrating that exaggerated, movement-modulated high frequency oscillations in the internal globus pallidus are a pathophysiological feature of Parkinson9s disease, and motivate additional investigations into the functional roles of high frequency neural oscillations across the basal ganglia-thalamocortical motor circuit and their relationship to motor control in normal and diseased states. These findings also provide rationale for further exploration of these signals for electrophysiological biomarker-based device programming and stimulation strategies in patients receiving deep brain stimulation therapy.
An Android Application Vulnerability Mining Method Based On Static and Dynamic Analysis

Due to the advantages and limitations of the two kinds of vulnerability mining methods of static and dynamic analysis of android applications, the paper proposes a method of Android application vulnerability mining based on dynamic and static combination. Firstly, the static analysis method is used to obtain the basic vulnerability analysis results of the application, and then the input test case of dynamic analysis is constructed on this basis. The fuzzy input test is carried out in the real machine environment, and the application security vulnerability is verified with the taint analysis technology, and finally the application vulnerability report is obtained. Experimental results show that compared with static analysis results, the method can significantly improve the accuracy of vulnerability mining.
Relationship between training load and recovery in collegiate American football players during pre-season training

Background: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between training load and next-day recovery in collegiate American football (AF) players during pre-season.Methods: Seventeen a...
Implications of Changing Z -Score Models for Coronary Artery Dimensions in Kawasaki Disease

Coronary artery abnormalities in Kawasaki disease (KD) are assessed using echocardiographic z-scores. We hypothesized that changing the coronary artery (CA) z-score model would alter diagnosis and management of children with KD. In this retrospective single-center study of children treated for KD (9/2007–1/2020), we collected echocardiographic measurements for the left anterior descending (LAD), right (RCA), and left main (LMCA) coronary arteries during 3 illness phases and calculated Boston and Pediatric Heart Network (PHN) z-scores. Agreement between Boston and PHN z-scores was assessed using Kappa (κ) and Lin’s Concordance Correlation Coefficients (CCC) and Bland–Altman analysis. For 904 echocardiograms from 357 children, the median Boston LAD z-score was lower than the PHN (0.3 [IQR − 0.6, 1.5] vs 1.6 [IQR 0.7, 2.8], CCC 0.94 [95% CI 0.93, 0.95], moderate agreement), aggregated across all illness phases. RCA and LMCA z-scores showed substantial agreement. With conversion from Boston to PHN models, the percentage of individual LAD z-scores ≥ 2.5 increased (14.6% to 32.1%). At least one CA z-score classification changed in 213 children (59.7%) across all phases, and 48 children (13.4%) had a change that altered recommended antithrombotic strategy. Agreement between models differed by age, sex, and race. Conversion from Boston to PHN z-scores changed at least 1 CA z-score classification in over half of KD patients and changed recommended antithrombotic management in 13%, largely driven by LAD measurements. Since diagnosis and management of KD and KD-like diseases rely upon CA z-scores, the clinical and research implications of these findings merit further exploration.
Advanced Diagnostic Topic for Austere Providers: Obstetric

Point of care ultrasound (POCUS) can aid the health care provider with management of obstetrical and gynecological emergencies in the prehospital and austere setting. This chapter will focus on (1) identification of IUP, (2) detection of fetal heart tones (FHTs) and (3) determination of fetal head position as well as the relevant anatomy, scanning technique, and limitations. In addition, POCUS can be used to identify free fluid in the abdomen which could be secondary to trauma in the gravid patient, ectopic pregnancy, intramural pregnancy, or other causes of intra-abdominal hemorrhage.
Classification of endometriosis.

SUMMARY The classification of endometriosis has evolved during this century under the influence of many factors. Although classifications initially paralleled the staging of pelvic malignancies, more modern systems follow the natural progression of this pathologic process. The diagnosis of endometriosis at earlier stages has been limited by the technology of the era. Previously, only patients with more severe disease or symptoms were evaluated and treated. Earlier therapies were more radical and centered on pain relief achieved with removal of the internal genitalia. The objectives of classification were to provide standardized documentation of the disease and—it was hoped—define those patients amenable to less radical therapy. As our diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities grew, so did our interest in infertile women with endometriosis and the treatment of such patients. The diagnosis of endometriosis was often made at an earlier stage of involvement, and therapy stressed repair rather than removal. Description of pelvic involvement, has become more detailed and accurate, and the stage of disease has become prognostic of future fertility. The basic tenet of the R-AFS classification system is to provide an objective and universal method for describing the severity of disease visualized at laparotomy or laparoscopy. Stage of disease will aid the physician in choosing the therapy most suited for the individual patient. If reparative surgery is undertaken, the stage of disease will reflect the extent of pelvic reconstruction required. Quantifying disease severity will, it is hoped, make it predictive of success in conception and prognostic of the need for future medical or surgical treatment. It will also serve to stratify patients with a similar degree and distribution of disease into somewhat homogeneous groups. This will permit reasonable comparisons of effectiveness of different therapies and investigators’ methods. Refinement of this type of classification scheme will depend on critical analysis of the system’s prognostic capabilities. Further studies will help elucidate the relative importance of individual variables on the potential for success in achieving pregnancy.
Mechanisms of Soft Tissue Injury

Soft tissue trauma to the face is challenging to manage due to functional and aesthetic concerns. Management requires careful regional considerations to maintain function such as visual fields and oral competence in periorbital and perioral injuries, respectively. Basic wound management principles apply to facial soft tissue injuries including copious irrigation and tension-free closure. There is no consensus and high-level evidence for antibiotic prophylaxis especially in various bite injuries. Ballistic injuries and other mechanisms are briefly reviewed. Scar revision for soft tissue injuries can require multiple procedures and interventions. Surgery as well as office procedures such as resurfacing with lasers can be employed and will be reviewed.
The Construction of the DALY: Implications and Anomalies

The disability-adjusted life year (DALY) is a measure of aggregate ill-health whose construction depends on a counterfactual – the number of life-years a person could have expected to live had she or he not died. There are two ways of specifying the DALY counterfactual to estimate years of life lost (YLL) – by employing an ‘exogenous’ or an ‘endogenous’ life table. An exogenous life table is independent of the mortality risks experienced by the population whose health (longevity) is being assessed, whereas an endogenous life table is composed of precisely these risks. Exogenous life tables have been used to construct the DALY in the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) studies – with different exogenous life tables used in the GBD 1990 and GBD 2010 (and later) exercises. However, an endogenous life table is more appropriate for predicting life-years lost from premature mortality in any given country, and allocating resources through health interventions there on the basis of DALYs averted. Whether an exogenous or an endogenous life table is used, anomalies can arise. Furthermore, the approach adopted in GBD 2010 onwards adds special difficulties of its own. GBD 2010 and later GBDs use an exogenous reference life table which is the same for men and women. This leads to an underestimation of the disease burden of women relative to that of men.
Frequency-size distributions of Wadati-Benioff zone and near-boundary intraplate earthquakes: Implications for intermediate and deep seismicity

Abstract We conduct a systematic analysis of the frequency-moment distribution of earthquake populations in Wadati-Benioff zones, motivated by a three-fold increase in the available GlobalCMT database since the previous study by Okal and Kirby (1995), in which some datasets may have been undersampled. We use 100-km depths bins, processed with both least-squares and maximum-likelihood algorithms, and apply an F-test methodology to assess the robustness of our results, in particular regarding multi-segment behavior within individual depth bins. Our results generally support Okal and Kirby's (1995), and the new enlarged dataset suggests the resolution of the third segment predicted by these authors for the 500–600 km bin in Tonga, in the framework of their three-tier model for two-step source saturation of seismicity generated by transformational faulting within a wedge of metastable olivine. In the 200–300 and 300–400 km depth bins, we find comparable behaviors, revealing the artificial nature of the traditional 300-km boundary between “intermediate” and “deep” earthquakes. Our view is that it may be deeper than 300 km, and fundamentally variable between distinct subduction zones. We extend our study by considering frequency-moment distributions for intraplate earthquakes in oceanic lithosphere before it subducts at trenches. Those results support the interpretation of seismicity in the shallowest portions of slabs as involving the reactivation of existing faults under a process of dehydration embrittlement. However, outer rise events occurring immediately before subduction feature different population statistics, which are probably related to the release of bending stresses of a different origin.
Evidence of Combined Heat-Transfer and Surface Barrier Resistances for Propane in Commercial ZIF-8 Crystals Probed by Pressure-Swing Frequency Response

Shedding light on the controlling transport step in nanoporous materials, the pressure swing frequency response has been developed to investigate the mass-transfer mechanisms and rates for propane ...
Intracranial Atherosclerotic Disease: Current Concepts in Medical and Surgical Management.

Purpose of the Review This article reviews the current concepts in intracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD) as a common etiology of ischemic stroke; pathophysiologic mechanisms of ischemic stroke; diagnostic evaluation; and therapeutic modalities, including maximal medical therapy (MMT), percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stenting (PTAS), and bypass surgery. Recent Findings Data from recent studies demonstrate that proper patient selection and timing of procedure and standardized PTAS techniques by experienced operators resulted in acceptably low periprocedural adverse events for patients who failed MMT. Summary ICAD is a common cause of ischemic stroke. Complex pathology and high rates of recurrent and disabling ischemic strokes despite currently available treatments make ICAD the most challenging to treat of all ischemic stroke etiologies. Randomized trials previously showed that MMT, which involves the use of combinations of antiplatelet medications, targeted control of hypertension and serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and adequate management of body weight through lifestyle modification, was superior to PTAS in decreasing rates of recurrent ischemic strokes from symptomatic ICAD. MMT performed better than expected, while periprocedural complications were significantly higher than expected in PTAS. Meanwhile, high rates of recurrent ischemic stroke despite MMT remain a great challenge. New clinical evidence continues to emerge on a safer application of PTAS, which is currently offered to a subset of patients who present with recurrent ischemic strokes despite MMT.
The Zurich Trusted Information Channel --- An Efficient Defence Against Man-in-the-Middle and Malicious Software Attacks

This paper introduces the Zurich Trusted Information Channel (ZTIC, for short), a cost-efficient and easy-to-use approach to defend online services from man-in-the-middle and malicious software attacks. A small, cheap to manufacture and zero-installation USB device with a display runs a highly efficient security software stack providing the communications endpoint between server and customer. The insecure user PC is used solely to relay IP packets and display non-critical transaction information. All critical information is parsed out of the mutually-authenticated SSL/TLS connections that the ZTIC establishes to the server and shown on the display for explicit user approval.
The Teaching of Writing

Children develop written language as they internalize and make sense of the literate actions, routines, and values of the members of their sociocultural communities. As they experience literacy in their social worlds, they develop personal concepts about written language, and personal commitments to the various forms and functions that written language takes. Because unique literacy histories are the result of different children experiencing different environments, teachers must respond to the varied knowledge and varied ways of knowing that are a part of every classroom literacy event.
Hypothyroidism following combined therapy in carcinoma of the laryngopharynx.

There is an increasing trend to combine high dosage pre-operative radiation with radical surgery for carcinoma of the laryngopharynx. This could be a hazard to thyroid function, especially when surgery includes a partial thyroidectomy. We initiated a study in 1969 to determine the effect on thyroid function produced by external radiation of the neck followed by radical surgery of the laryngopharynx. A group of 24 patients previously treated with external radiation and/or surgery for carcinoma of the laryngopharynx, and without recurrence, were studied with laboratory determinations of PBI and total serum thyroxine (T4). Out of 12 patients treated with 3,800 to 5,500 tissue rads of pre-operative Cobalt 60 to the neck, laryngectomy and hemithyroidectomy, eight or 66 percent were found to be hypothyroid at varying time periods (two to 74 months) after treatment. A PBI determination was done on five of these patients and ranged from 0.8 to 3.2 mcg percent (n = 4.0 to 8.0). A total serum thyroxine was done for all eight patients. Those performed by the column method ranged from 0.8 to 2.5 mcg percent thyroxine iodine (n = 2.9 to 6.4) and those performed by the Murphy-Pattee method ranged from 1.3 to 4.9 meg percent thyroxine (n = 5.0 to 13.7). Two of the other 12 patients were found to be hypothyroid. One patient received 7,000 tissue rads of Cobalt 60 and no surgery. One year following therapy his thyroid studies were normal, but two years after therapy his studies were within the hypothyroid range. The other patient found to be hypothyroid had a laryngectomy and hemithyroidectomy with no pre-op-erative Cobalt 60. The operative report indicated that both the superior and inferior thyroid vessels to the remaining lobe were ligated.
CFTR: Structural Mishap by Mutation

The CFTR (Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator) protein is a member of the ABC (ATP-binding cassette) family, which functions as a low conductance channel regulating the flow of certain anions (especially chloride and thiocyanate) across membranes of epithelial cells, allowing for osmosis-based regulation of mucus consistency. The proper function of CFTR depends on the amino acid phenylalanine at position 508, which mediates a tertiary interaction between the surface of the N-terminal nucleotide-binding domain and cytoplasmic loop-4 in the C-terminal membrane-spanning domain. Miscoding caused by the most common identified mutation, ΔF508, results in loss of phenylalanine by deletion of base pairs G, A, and A from the sequence “T-A-G” at position 507 and adjacent “A-A-A”, resulting in a codon made for isoleucine, but not for phenylalanine. Inheritance of two copies of the mutation causes part of the CFTR protein to misfold and degrade, not becoming fully processed in the endoplasmic reticulu...
Multiculturally-Focused Counseling Supervision: Its Relationship to Trainees' Multicultural Counseling Self-Efficacy

Abstract This study examined the extent to which receiving multicultural supervision was predictive of multicultural counseling self-efficacy in counselor trainees. A hierarchical multiple regression analysis revealed that, after accounting for social desirability attitudes and previous multicultural training, receiving multicultural supervision was a significant predictor of trainees' multicultural counseling self-efficacy. Implications of the findings for counselor supervision are discussed.
The Utility of the Hui-Walter Paradigm for the Evaluation of Diagnostic Test in the Analysis of Social Science Data

Just as in medical research, social scientists are concerned with the correct classification of individuals into well defined categories. Many economic policy decisions rely on the unemployment rate and related labor statistics. As the unemployment rate is the ratio of the estimated number of unemployed persons to the total labor force, misclassification of survey respondents may lead to an under or over estimate of it. Thus, estimating the accuracy of the original interview is quite important and the Census Bureau conducts a special reinterview study of about 20,000 respondents per year to monitor their error rates. In law, a large body of research (Hans and Vidmar; 1991, Blank and Rosenthal; 1991) has raised questions about how well the jury functions. The basic problem can be placed in the classification frame work. How well does the current system perform in correctly determining that a guilty party is found guilty and in not convicting an individual who should be acquitted ? This article reports some exploratory work we have carried out on extending and modifying the Hui-Walter methodology for evaluating the accuracy of diagnostic tests (see Vianna, 1995, for related work) to enable us to estimate the accuracy of the labor force data and to reanalyze a classic study (Kalven and Zeisel, 1966) of judge-jury agreements to estimate the accuracy of jury verdicts.
Microscopic approaches to N$$\bar N$$ annihilation potentials

The chiral quark models have given us a reasonable description of nucleons as a quark core surrounded by a meson cloud. When we scatter two nucleons we expect the large impact parameters to be dominated by meson exchanges. For nucleon-antinucleon scattering the same description is expected. However, for small impact parameters when the quark cores overlap, we expect annihilation to dominate. Therefore a study of the annihilation processes should give us information about the quark core in a nucleon. An attempt to calculate an N\(\bar N\) annihilation optical potential using chiral quark model properties will be discussed and we will show that the proton r.m.s. radius constrains the effective annihilation potential for N\(\bar N\) scattering.
The interactions between TiO2 and graphene with surface inhomogeneity determined using density functional theory

TiO2/graphene composites have shown promise as photocatalysts, leading to improved electronic properties. We have modeled using density functional theory TiO2/graphene interfaces formed between graphene with various defects/functional groups (C vacancy, epoxide, and hydroxyl) and TiO2 clusters of various sizes. We considered clusters from 3 to 45 atoms, the latter a nanoparticle of ∼1 nm in size. Our results show that binding to pristine graphene is dominated by van der Waals forces, and that C vacancies or epoxide groups lead to much stronger binding between the graphene and TiO2. Such sites may serve to anchor TiO2 to graphene. Graphene surfaces with hydroxyls however lead to OH transfer to TiO2 and weak interactions between the graphene and the hydroxylated TiO2 cluster. Charge transfer may occur between TiO2 and graphene in various directions (graphene to TiO2 or TiO2 to graphene), depending on the state of the graphene surface, based on overlap of the density of states. Our work indicates that graphene surface defects or functional groups may have a significant effect on the stability, structure, and photoactivity of these materials.
A secure wireless agent-based testbed

Secure mobile wireless ad-hoc networks are frequently described in the technical literature as highly-desired and feasible. However only few stable and scalable physical realizations of such MANETs were actually reported. Here, we describe SWAT (a secure wireless agent-based testbed), a physical network of handheld and stationary computing nodes that provide a practical industrial-strength MANET based on IEEE standard 802.11b and agent technology. The system, using HP iPAQ units and tablet PCs, implements secure group-based applications and allows for real-time user revocation. It integrates algorithms and techniques from several proposed software libraries, including CLIQUES, spread and secure spread, SEM, IPSec, and EMAA.
Engineering the hematopoietic stem cell niche: Frontiers in biomaterial science

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) play a crucial role in the generation of the body's blood and immune cells. This process takes place primarily in the bone marrow in specialized 'niche' microenvironments, which provide signals responsible for maintaining a balance between HSC quiescence, self-renewal, and lineage specification required for life-long hematopoiesis. While our understanding of these signaling mechanisms continues to improve, our ability to engineer them in vitro for the expansion of clinically relevant HSC populations is still lacking. In this review, we focus on development of biomaterials-based culture platforms for in vitro study of interactions between HSCs and their local microenvironment. The tools and techniques used for both examining HSC-niche interactions as well as applying these findings towards controlled HSC expansion or directed differentiation in 2D and 3D platforms are discussed. These novel techniques hold the potential to push the existing boundaries of HSC cultures towards high-throughput, real-time, and single-cell level biomimetic approaches that enable a more nuanced understanding of HSC regulation and function. Their application in conjunction with innovative biomaterial platforms can pave the way for engineering artificial bone marrow niches for clinical applications as well as elucidating the pathology of blood-related cancers and disorders.
Creating More Effective Multiethnic Schools

The empirical literature from education, psychology, and sociology is reviewed in order to identify strategies with demonstrated effectiveness in improving either the educational outcomes of students of color, interethnic relations in schools and colleges, or both. The conceptual framework for this review identifies eight core themes that can guide policy and change efforts in this area: (a) the need to explicitly and directly address issues of aversive and institutional racism, (b) the importance of conceiving of schools as agents of change, (c) the importance of leadership in setting a school or district tone, (d) the paradox that strategies for improving the educational outcomes for students of color can only be achieved by focusing on race and ethnicity, but the outcome of these efforts benefit all students, (e) the goals of improving interethnic relations and the educational outcomes of students of color are linked (in that improving one improves the other), (f) the need to explicitly affirm one’s confidence in the abilities of students of color, (g) the importance of creating opportunities for the development of a strong, positive racial or ethnic identity, and (h) the need to create settings in which students feel connected to school through their relationships with peers and teachers. More than 50 years after Brown v. Board of Education (1954), educational equity for students of color remains a primary concern at all levels of education in the United States. Broad, extensive, and pervasive disparities persist in the educational experiences and outcomes between many students of color and many White
Fomepizole Therapy for Pediatric Butoxyethanol Intoxication

To the Editor:Glycol ethers are commonly used industrial and commercial solvents. Human poisoning from 2-butoxyethanol, an ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, is uncommon but has been associated with ...
Applications of non‐steady‐state kinetics in physical organic chemistry: guidelines for the resolution of the kinetics of complex reaction mechanisms

The resolution of the kinetics of the reversible consecutive second-order reaction mechanism involving the formation of a kinetically significant intermediate, which does not reach steady state before late in the first half-life, followed by an irreversible product-forming reaction is discussed. It is shown that an apparent second-order rate constant kapp and an extent of reaction–time profile are the only experimental data necessary for the evaluation of kf and kb (the forward and reverse rate constants) as well as kp (the microscopic rate constant for the product forming reaction). When the product-forming step involves the cleavage of a CH bond, for which there is a deuterium kinetic isotope effect on kp, the resolution of the kinetics is enhanced. In this case, the experimental data include two apparent rate constants ( and ) and two extent of reaction–time profiles, one for normal reactants and the other for isotopically substituted reactants. Under these circumstances, a unique highly resolved experimental to theoretical data fit is found that results in the evaluation of all four microscopic rate constants: and . An alternative, when a kinetic isotope effect is not involved, is to fit the extent of reaction–time profiles for two or more concentrations of reactants concurrently. This procedure results in the resolution of the three microscopic rate constants for the reaction. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lock-exchange gravity currents with a high volume of release propagating over a periodic array of obstacles

Large eddy simulations are employed to investigate the structure and evolution of a bottom-propagating compositional gravity current in a rectangular horizontal plane channel containing a series of identical large-scale obstacles (dunes and square ribs) at the channel bottom. Simulation results show that below a certain value of the additional drag force per unit streamwise length induced by the bottom obstacles (low drag cases), the gravity current propagating over an array of obstacles transitions to a regime where the average front velocity is close to constant. Past its initial stages, the total kinetic energy, E k , increases in time proportional to t 1/3 , where t is the time since release. This behaviour is similar to the slumping phase observed for currents propagating over a flat bed, with the exception that in the latter case the temporal increase of E k during the later stages of the slumping phase is much faster (E k ∼t). Simulation results also show that above certain value of the drag force per unit streamwise length induced by the obstacles (high drag cases), the slumping phase can be very short. In this case, similar to currents propagating in a porous medium, the current transitions to a drag-dominated regime in which the front velocity decays proportionally to t β , with β = ―0.28, once the discharge of lock fluid at the position of the lock gate becomes close to constant in time.
Bacterial Urinary Tract Infections

Bacterial urinary tract infection rarely is the initial cause of lower urinary tract disease in cats; however, a substantial number of cats with various lower urinary tract disorders develop urinary infections as a complication of the underlying disease or its treatment. Examination of urine sediment for pyuria is a good screening test for urinary tract infection, but results of urine cultures are needed to diagnose such infections reliably, as well as to guide therapeutic decisions. Appropriate antimicrobial drug therapy is the cornerstone of treatment for urinary tract infection. Treatment of the underlying urinary disorder also is important, and follow-up urine cultures should be performed to determine therapeutic outcome.
Internationalization of teacher education: creating global competent teachers and teacher educators for the twenty‐first century

1. Internationalization of teacher education: creating global competent teachers and teacher educators for the twenty-first century Reyes L. Quezada Section I: The framing of internationalizing of colleges and schools of education 2. Fact or fiction? Analyzing institutional barriers and individual responsibility to advance the internationalization of teacher education Jennifer Mahon 3. Globalization and the preparation of quality teachers: rethinking knowledge domains for teaching Lin Goodwin Section II: Research-based studies on international teacher education 4. Developing a policy for an international experience requirement in a graduate teacher education program: a cautionary tale Sandy Buczynski, Noriyuki Inoue, Heather Lattimer and Viviana Alexandrowicz 5. International teacher professional development: teacher reflections of authentic teaching and learning experiences Cristina Alfaro and Reyes L. Quezada 6. Language, culture and dissonance: a study course for globally minded teachers with possibilities for catalytic transformation Anaida Colon-Muniz, Suzanne SooHoo and Evangelina "Gigi" Brignoni 7. Broadening our sights: internationalizing teacher education for a global arena Irma Olmedo and Lesley Harbon Section III: Planning and best practices on international teacher education 8. Calling for action within the teaching profession: it is time to internationalize teacher education Craig Kissock and Paula Richardson Section IV: A response to the theme journal with suggestions for a future research agenda 9. International education in higher education: a developing process of engagement in teacher preparation programs Albert M. Ocho Section V: The role of private foundations in the support of internationalizing teacher preparation programs 10. Teachers for the global age: a call to action for funders Betsy Devlin-Foltz