cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Employment Effect of Wage Discrimination in the Weber-Moses

This paper examines the employment effect of wage discrimination in the well-known Weber-Moses triangular model. Assume that the plant location is a choice variable. It shows that the wage discrimination will change total employment of a monopsony if the supply labor curves in two separate markets are linear. It also shows that the wage discrimination may decrease total employment if the more elastic labor supply curve is convex and the less elastic labor supply curve is concave. These results are significantly different from the traditional results in the non-spatial economy. It indicates that the location decision of a firm has an important impact on the employment effect of wage discrimination.
Applications of Programmable Subpicosecond Resolution Laser Pulse Shaping: Experimental Observation of Phase and Amplitude Modulated Solitons in Optical Fibers and Hot Carrier Relaxation in GaAs Integrated Devices

We have recently developed a method for producing voltage programmable, arbitrarily shaped laser pulses with roughly 100 fs resolution1. A waveguide intensity modulator was fabricated from BaTiO3 and incorporated inside a fiber-grating pulse compressor (after the fiber, before the grating pair). The modulator is driven by an arbitrary waveform generator which creates voltage programmable microwave pulses.2 A single mode fiber chirps and temporally broadens a transform limited 6 ps pulse to ≈120 ps. This pulse is long enough to be tailored by the modulator, which has an electrical bandwidth of 19.5 GHz (-6dB). Optical pulses with sin(x)/x and square envelopes were synthesized to demonstrate the technique (Figure 1).
Disruption of estrogen homeostasis as a mechanism for uterine toxicity in Wistar Han rats treated with tetrabromobisphenol A

Chronic oral treatment of tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) to female Wistar Han rats resulted in increased incidence of cell proliferation at 250mg/kg and tumor formation in the uterus at higher doses. The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that disruption of estrogen homeostasis was a major mode-of-action for the observed effects. Biological changes were assessed in serum, liver, and the proximal (nearest the cervix) and distal (nearest the ovaries) sections of the uterine horn of Wistar Han rats 24h following administration of the last of five daily oral doses of 250mg/kg. Expression of genes associated with receptors, biosynthesis, and metabolism of estrogen was altered in the liver and uterus. TBBPA treatment also resulted in changes in expression of genes associated with cell division and growth. Changes were also observed in the concentration of thyroxine in serum and in expression of genes in the liver and uterus associated with thyroid hormone receptors. Differential expression of some genes was tissue-dependent or specific to tissue location in the uterus. The biological responses observed in the present study support the hypothesis that perturbation of estrogen homeostasis is a major mode-of-action for TBBPA-mediated cell proliferation and tumorigenesis previously observed in the uterus of TBBPA-treated Wistar Han rats.
Mathematics for Students of the Humanities

(1944). Mathematics for Students of the Humanities. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 51, No. 8, pp. 453-458.
Mechanical Properties of Open-Cell Cellular Structures With Rhombic Dodecahedron Cells

We present a series of analytical models and finite element results (FE) for special 3-D open cellular foam to determine the effective material properties of a 3D rhombic dedecahedron open-cell cellular structure. The analytical approach is based on minimizing the total energy associated with small deformation of a single unit cell of the cellular structure. The finite element models were developed for both a single unit cell and three dimensional foam structure and used to obtain the mechanical properties in all three principal directions.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Preservice Teachers Preference of the NovaNET Instructional Delivery System among Ten Strategies

A recent OTA Report places important demands on the preparation of preservice teachers from a technological perspective. Current programs are not sufficiently meeting student needs in relation to c...
Androgen target cells in the bursa of Fabricius of the chick embryo: autoradiographic localization.

SummaryAfter intravenous injection of [3H]testosterone in 15-day-old chick embryo nuclear concentration of radioactivity is observed in mesenchymal cells of the bursa of Fabricius. In competition experiment with excess of unlabeled testosterone, the concentration of radioactivity is abolished, but not with unlabeled estradiol. When [3H]estradiol is injected alone no nulcear concentration of radioactivity is observed in the bursa of Fabricius. The results demonstrate the presence of target cells for androgen in the bursa of Fabricius and suggest involvement of androgens in the development and functioning of the immune system.
Quality of Life and Coping With Chronic Illness and Disability: A Temporal Perspective

Quality of life (QOL) has been one of the most commonly used constructs in the field of rehabilitation. More specifically, it has been viewed and studied as a process, measure, goal, and outcome in...
Flipped Instruction for Information Literacy: Five Instructional Cases of Academic Librarians

University of California, Berkeley librarians have incorporated the flipped instruction model into information literacy training by focusing on two primary elements: assigning pre-class assignments and increasing active learning techniques. We explore these two elements across five diverse instructional cases, which include one-shot and semester-long classes that were conducted through online or in-person delivery for both graduate and undergraduate students across a range of subject areas (sciences, social sciences, and humanities). We examine the enabling factors and the perceived outcomes of this instructional paradigm. Because students came to class with enhanced library understanding and experience from the pre-class assignment, they were better prepared to engage with the material and articulate additional learning needs. We note students' increased engagement during class and more time available for higher-order learning exercises and discussions. As a result, flipped instruction appears to enable more learning opportunities without increasing classroom time. The challenges of this model are the requisite commitment of time and effort, the need to foster class participation, and the facilitation of active communication within the class. We propose a framework of catalysts, building blocks, and instructional outcomes to help library instructors incorporate flipped instruction elements into their instructional design.
A nonlinear modeling approach using weighted piecewise series and its applications to predict unsteady flows

To preserve nonlinearity of a full-order system over a range of parameters of interest, we propose an accurate and robust nonlinear modeling approach by assembling a set of piecewise linear local solutions expanded about some sampling states. The work by Rewienski and White 1 on micromachined devices inspired our use of piecewise linear local solutions to study nonlinear unsteady aerodynamics. These local approximations are assembled via nonlinear weights of radial basis functions. The efficacy of the proposed procedure is validated for a two-dimensional airfoil moving with different pitching motions, specifically AGARD's CT2 and CT5 problems 27, in which the flows exhibit different nonlinear behaviors. Furthermore, application of the developed aerodynamic model to a two-dimensional aero-elastic system proves the approach is capable of predicting limit cycle oscillations (LCOs) by using AGARD's CT6 28 as a benchmark test. All results, based on inviscid solutions, confirm that our nonlinear model is stable and accurate, against the full model solutions and measurements, and for predicting not only aerodynamic forces but also detailed flowfields. Moreover, the model is robust for inputs that considerably depart from the base trajectory in form and magnitude. This modeling provides a very efficient way for predicting unsteady flowfields with varying parameters because it needs only a tiny fraction of the cost of a full-order modeling for each new condition-the more cases studied, the more savings rendered. Hence, the present approach is especially useful for parametric studies, such as in the case of design optimization and exploration of flow phenomena.
Synthetic Pink Sapphire

Natural pink sapphire,especially padparadscha sapphire,is one of the precious kind in fancy sapphire and very expensive because of its rare yield.In the paper,it is discussed that the synthetic pink sapphire coloured by Ti3+ ions is gained as the by-product while synthetic Ti-doped sapphire laser crystals are studied,including the control method of the Ti3+ valence during the process of crystal growth.The experimental process and method of synthetic pink sapphire grown by the czochralski method are also introduced.The results show that the synthetic Ti-doped sapphire sample with obvious purple could change to the synthetic pink sapphire heat-treated for 48 hours at 1 920 to 1 995℃ and in the reducing atmosphere of hydrogen,whose colour is similar to that of the padparadscha sapphire.Finally,the gemmological characteristics of the synthetic pink sapphire sample are also analysed by using the conventional testing and energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry.
Prediction of total urinary nitrogen from urea nitrogen for burned patients

Although many of the current nutrition assessment techniques are inappropriate for burned patients, we have found nitrogen balance to be a helpful measure of the effectiveness of nutrition therapy if it is used in conjunction with other measures of nutritional status. Many clinicians suggest that a 24-hour urinary urea nitrogen (UUN) measurement, in addition to a correction term of 2 to 4 gm nitrogen, will accurately represent all nitrogen losses (urinary non-urea nitrogen, fecal, integumental). However, since no burned patients were used in the development of that method, its use may not be appropriate for burned patients. As an alternative to total urinary nitrogen (TUN), which is costly and time consuming, we have developed a simple way to predict TUN from UUN, percent initial total body surface area burn, and age for pediatric and adult burned patients. We propose that nitrogen balance may then be determined from the predicted TUN by an equation showing that nitrogen balance equals daily nitrogen intake minus predicted TUN plus fecal and normal nitrogen loss.
A “No-Brainer”: Dr. Virtue Comes to State University Medical Center

Dr. Virtue (Dr. V) has recently been appointed to be the new chair of the department of medicine at State University Medical Center (SUMC). He was brought in from outside, having served as the vice chair of his previous department. Shortly after arriving, he was approached by Associate Dean Dr. Do Good with a request to help sponsor an initiative called “The Code of Conduct.” The “Code” is a set of rules or principles designed to promote positive collegial relationships across the medical center. This initiative came about because of several reported incidents of bullying and harassment in the institution. The other driver of this initiative was the most recent physician satisfaction scores from SUMC. The survey measures physician engagement and their perceived quality of work life and collegiality. SUMC placed in the bottom quartile of this national survey.
Computing infrastructure, software optimization, and real time analysis for high data-rate MX

Macromolecular Crystallography (MX) is becoming a big data science straining the capabilities of computers and networks. New techniques of serial crystallography are allowing new science to be done but they are increasing the heterogeneity of the data that must be handled. Two new beamlines at the National Synchrotron Light Source-II, for Frontier Macromolecular Crystallography (FMX) and for highly Automated Macromolecular Crystallography (AMX), are beginning user operation in 2016, and are dealing with these big data issues. This work is contributing to a worldwide High Data-Rate Macromolecular Crystallography (HDRMX) collaboration among crystallographic software developers, beamline scientists and controls people to resolve these issues as new high-brightness beamlines and new fast X-ray detectors come into increasing use.
Abstract 2957: Investigating methyl-CpG DNA recognition in cancer

DNA methylation is an essential epigenetic modification in eukaryotes required for genomic stability, control of gene expression and regulation of chromatin structure. Consequently, abhorrent alterations in methyl-CpG modifications across the genome, leading to inappropriate transcription, are associated with many diseases including cancer. Thus, an interest in discerning the regulatory mechanisms linking DNA methylation with gene expression in the disease state has emerged. The ZBTB methyl-CpG binding proteins (MBPs) are specialized transcription factors that mediate transcription by specifically targeting both methylated and sequence-specific DNA sites through a conserved set of Cys2His2 zinc fingers. While ZBTB MBP expression has become increasingly associated with higher grade tumors, we have only begun to understand the underlying complexities by which this family mediates gene expression. Here we combine interdisciplinary in cell genomic with in vitro biophysical approaches to begin to delineate the mechanisms by which this family of MBPs recognize DNA and regulate transcription in cancer. Specifically, for the founding member of this MBP family we utilized multiple genome-wide methodologies to identify its genomic targets, the methylation status at these sites and the transcriptional effect of this protein in cancer cell lines. We observed that protein expression levels, gene occupations and transcriptional responses were variable between cancer phenotypes. Additionally, ZBTB depletion results in variable phenotypic alterations between cell types indicating that protein presence may provide a means for defining these pathological states. Further, we have designed multiple protein constructs around the zinc finger domains of the ZBTB MBPs. Biophysical characterization of the binding interactions of these protein regions with various epigenetically modified DNAs has provided preliminary understanding for the differential mode of DNA recognition exhibited by the ZBTB MBP family members. Together, these findings provide initial insights into the molecular basis by which these proteins preferentially recognize, interpret and translate epigenetic signals into transcriptional responses in cancer cells. Citation Format: Tommy W. Terooatea, Megan J. Wallace, Marta W. Szulik, Alan C. Chugg, Sven Miller, Bethany A. Buck-Koehntop. Investigating methyl-CpG DNA recognition in cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 2957. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-2957
EE2: Intelligent machines: Will the technological singularity happen?

Artificial intelligence (AI) will no doubt have a significant impact on society in the coming years. But how intelligent can a machine be? When artificially-general intelligence is capable of recursive self-improvement, a hypothetical ‘runaway effect’ — an intelligence explosion — might happen, yielding an intelligence surpassing all current human control or understanding. This event is known as the technological singularity; this is the point beyond which events may become unpredictable or even unfathomable to human intelligence. This panel will picture the current state of the art for AI, deep learning and robotics, and try to predict where this technology is heading.
Multi-modality molecular imaging of aortic aneurysms

Aneurysms of the thoracic and abdominal aorta are common and can be associated with significant morbidity and mortality when complications, including dissection, rupture, or thrombosis, occur. Current approaches to diagnosis and risk stratification rely on measurements of aneurysm size and rate of growth, often using various imaging modalities, which may be suboptimal in identifying patients at the highest and lowest risk of complications. Targeting the biological processes underlying aneurysm formation and expansion with molecular imaging offers an exciting opportunity to characterize aortic aneurysms beyond size and address current gaps in our approach to diagnosis and treatment. In this review, we summarize the epidemiology and biology of aortic aneurysms and highlight the role of molecular imaging in furthering our understanding of aneurysm pathogenesis and its potential future role in guiding management.
Superconvergence Relation in Backward N-N̄ Scattering

Suitable linear combinations of the $N\ensuremath{-}N$ helicity amplitudes are constructed to eliminate the contribution of the deuteron and the virtual singlet trajectories. Thus four out of the five independent and crossing-odd $N\ensuremath{-}N$ scattering amplitudes are shown to be superconvergent. However, the pseudoscalar-, scalar-, and vector-meson contributions fail to saturate most of these superconvergence relations.
Results-blind review: a masked crusader for science

The organizational sciences are entering a confidence crisis where a growing number of scholars recognize our science is imperfect and our knowledge base is potentially flawed. One contributing fac...
Computed Tomography in the Workup of Patients with Penetrating Trauma

Penetrating trauma presents one area where operative management has long been considered the gold standard of care. When presented with a patient who has been the victim of a penetrating injury, physiologic status often dictates the need for rapid operative exploration with the goal of control of active hemorrhage and contamination from hollow viscus injuries. Certainly no qualified surgeon, when faced with a victim of penetrating trauma who is hemodynamically unstable with active hemorrhage or evidence of peritonitis, would seriously argue to undertake an extensive radiological workup. However, when faced with the stable patient, there is evolving evidence that information obtained from newer generation computed tomography (CT) scanners, augmented with contrast to allow for CT angiography (CTA), can be valuable in guiding further care and limiting nontherapeutic operative exploration. While historically not typically considered an area of major concern, these nontherapeutic explorations can be a significant source of morbidity and mortality as well as dramatically increasing the length of stay and overall cost. This chapter will examine some of the available evidence with regard to various anatomic locations and provide some guidelines for the appropriate use of CT imaging in the workup of the stable patient with penetrating trauma. Specifically we will examine its use in the workup of penetrating injuries to the abdomen, back and flank, thorax, neck, and extremities.
Hepatitis E virus: reasons for emergence in humans

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infects both humans and other animal species. Recently, we have seen a steady increase in autochthonous cases of human HEV infection in certain areas especially in Europe, and large outbreaks in several African countries among the displaced population. This mini-review critically analyzes potential host, environmental, and viral factors that may be associated with the emergence of hepatitis E in humans. The existence of numerous HEV reservoir animals such as pig, deer and rabbit results in human exposure to infected animals via direct contact or through animal meat consumption. Contamination of drinking, irrigation and coastal water by animal and human wastes lead to emergence of endemic cases in industrialized countries and outbreaks in displaced communities especially in war-torn countries.
High air humidity is sufficient for successful egg incubation and early post‐embryonic development in the marbled crayfish (Procambarus virginalis)

Severe weather events, such as long‐term droughts, are challenging for many freshwater species. To survive drought, freshwater crayfish tend to inhabit shelters or burrows where they can remain in contact with water or high humidity environments. However, it is not known whether embryogenesis or post‐embryonic development can occur without free standing water. To address this question, three experiments were conducted using artificial burrows with high air humidity and using marbled crayfish (Procambarus virginalis Lyko, 2017) as a model species. Marbled crayfish are capable of parthenogenetic reproduction, burrow extensively and are able to travel long distances over land. In the first experiment, ovigerous females were transferred to simulated burrows without free water, but with high air humidity. A control group of females were kept in burrows with free water. Successful hatching was achieved in both groups. In the second experiment, ovigerous females were transferred to simulated burrows with no free water but high air humidity and post‐embryonic development were observed. Following successful hatching, offspring moulted to the second developmental stage (stage 2 juveniles). Stage 2 juveniles remained viable without free water for 20 days, but further development was not observed. However, when some of these stage 2 juveniles were placed back into fully aquatic conditions (experiment 3), they moulted to stage 3 within 4 to 8 days. These results demonstrated the ability of marbled crayfish to undergo terminal phases of embryogenesis, including hatching, as well as early post‐embryonic development under high air humidity conditions only. Post‐embryonic development was suspended in the absence of free water, and successfully resumed when re‐immersed. This similar ability to tolerate drought‐like conditions during post‐embryonic development may also occur in other crayfish species, especially primary burrowers. This unprecedented life history trait may be crucial for inhabiting ecosystems with rapidly changing water regimes. In drying climates, it may confer advantages on some crayfish species (including some invasive species) over others.
Transnational Revolutionaries and Imperial Surveillance: Bengal Revolutionary Networks Outside India

This chapter explores how imperial intelligence agencies responded to the global dimensions of the Indian revolutionary movement during and after the First World War. From the beginnings of the revolutionary movement in Bengal, the Bengal Police’s intelligence and surveillance work ranged beyond the borders of the British Empire, as revolutionaries used the French colonial enclave of Chandernagore, north of Calcutta, as a base for their activities. During and after the Great War, revolutionaries overseas provided ideological inspiration and practical assistance in the form of arms to the revolutionary groups. The chapter focuses on two interrelated issues: (1) the lives and revolutionary aspirations of prominent Bengali anticolonialists who lived abroad, including the terrorist turned communist revolutionary M. N. Roy and the nationalist leader Subhas Chandra Bose, and (2) the efforts of imperial intelligence agencies, under the supervision of the office of Indian Political Intelligence in London, to monitor revolutionaries’ activities and thwart their plans.
A CRITICAL ASSESSMENT OF SKILLS AND KNOWLEDGE FOR ENTRY-LEVEL MARKETING JOBS: A DELPHI STUDY

While the marketing education literature has contributed to our understanding of the skills that are important for successful employability, there has been limited effort to study both technical an...
Does Land Use Matter? Understanding Homicide Counts Beyond the Effects of Social Disorganization:

This study assesses the relationship between land use, measured as percent zoning designation per square kilometer in a census tract, and homicide counts in Portland, Oregon, while controlling for ...
A Novel Scale to Communicate Perceived Likelihood of Child Sexual Abuse.

Abstract Background and Objective Child abuse pediatricians (CAPs) are often asked to determine the likelihood that a particular child has been sexually abused. These determinations affect medical and legal interventions, and are important for multisite research. No widely accepted scale is available to communicate perceived sexual abuse likelihood. In this study, we measure intra- and inter-rater reliability of a 5-point scale to communicate child sexual abuse likelihood. Methods We developed a 5-point scale of perceived likelihood of child sexual abuse with example cases and medical-legal language for each risk category. We then surveyed CAPs who regularly perform sexual abuse evaluations using the abstracted facts of 15 actual cases with concern for sexual abuse. A subset of participants rated the same vignettes again, 1 month later. Results Of 512 invited participants, 240 (46.7%) responded, with 145 (28.3%) indicating that they regularly perform sexual abuse evaluations, 116 initially completing all 15 vignettes, and 36 completing repeat ratings at least 1 month later. The scale showed consistent stepwise increase in mean perceived likelihood of abuse and intention to report for each increase in scale rating. Inter-rater agreement was substantial (Fleiss’ weighted kappa 0.64) and test-retest reliability among 36 participants was almost perfect (Cohen's kappa = 0.81). Conclusions We introduce a scale of perceived sexual abuse likelihood that appears to reflect CAPs’ perceptions and intention to report. This scale may be a reasonable metric for use in multicenter studies. CAPs demonstrated substantial inter- and intrarater reliability when evaluating sexual abuse likelihood in case vignettes. While this scale may improve communication of sexual abuse likelihood among experts, its examples should not be used as a legal standard or a clinical criterion for sexual abuse diagnosis.
Chapter 10 – Immune Activity and Psychopathology

Publisher Summary This chapter examines how infection and immune activity are linked to changes in cognitive and emotional function. When pathology does not occur within the central nervous system (CNS), the processes by which it alters behavior are thought to involve mediators such as cytokines or antibodies. There are many brain disorders in which immune activity has been implicated. Most disorders of this type are regarded as neurological. Pathogens must enter the body, and this occurs across surfaces such as the skin and the mucosal linings of the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and genitourinary tracts. Given that pathogens penetrate into the CNS, immune responses within the CNS must occur. However, the CNS has long been regarded as a privileged site, where immune responses do not occur easily. Cell-mediated responses must be highly regulated within the CNS because of the potential for destruction of cells that may be virally infected but that will not regenerate. Psychosocial events alter brain activity, which then affects immune activity and thereby modifies control over microbial growth. In turn, microbial penetration leads to immune activation, which alters brain activity and modifies psychosocial experience.
Screen Time for Children and Adolescents During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic.

The coronavirus 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has led to laws and policies including national school closures, lockdown or shelter in place laws, and social distancing recommendations that may translate to higher overall screen time among children and adolescents for the duration of these laws and policies. These policies may need to be periodically re‐instated to control future COVID‐19 recurrences or other national emergencies. Excessive screen time is associated with cardiovascular disease risk factors such as obesity, high blood pressure, and insulin resistance because it increases sedentary time and is associated with snacking
Systematic review of equids and telemetry collars: implications for deployment and reporting

Abstract Data from animals equipped with global positioning system collars have advanced our understanding of vertebrates, but this technology has rarely been employed to study feral equids. Hesitation to equip feral equids with telemetry collars in the USA can often be attributed to safety concerns stemming from one study from the 1980s, where injuries were sustained by feral horses (Equus ferus caballus) equipped with radio-collars. Improvements in collar design over the ensuing quarter-century may have decreased risk of collar-related complications; however, telemetry-based studies on feral equids continue to be limited. In the present review, studies from wild and feral equids worldwide were systematically reviewed to better understand the mortality and injury risk in application of telemetry collars to equids. Our goals were to: (1) report the number of individual equids fitted with telemetry collars (1979–2017); and (2) document the number of individual equids that reportedly died or suffered injuries from collars or other sources. A comparative review of elk (Cervus canadensis), mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) and pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) was also conducted to evaluate the relative risk of collar-related complications among equids and routinely collared North American ungulates. In total, 1089 wild and feral telemetered equids were identified across 48 studies. Of these, 87 (8.0%) were reported to have died, with only one (0.09%) mortality attributable to a collar. Comparatively, 23.0% (1095) of 4761 elk, mule deer and pronghorn fitted with telemetry collars were found to have died in the same number of studies, though no mortalities were reported to be related to the collar. Although wild and feral equids did not experience increased natural mortality compared with the other ungulates, studies have not provided sufficient information to assess relative risk of collar-related complications. Explicit reporting and discussion of telemetry collar impacts in future publications of all animal species are recommended, especially equids, to improve understanding of how telemetry collars can affect study individuals.
An Automated Fluorescence-Based Method to Isolate Bone Marrow-Derived Plasma Cells from Rhesus Macaques Using SIVmac239 SOSIP.664

Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection of Indian rhesus macaques (RMs) is one of the best-characterized animal models for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have shown promise for prevention and treatment of HIV infection. However, it has been difficult to isolate mAbs that potently neutralize the highly pathogenic SIVmac239 strain. This has been largely due to the low frequency of circulating B cells encoding neutralizing Abs. Here we describe a novel technique to isolate mAbs directly from bone marrow-derived, Ab-secreting plasma cells. We employed an automated micromanipulator to isolate single SIVmac239 SOSIP.664-specific plasma cells from the bone marrow of a SIVmac239-infected RM with serum neutralization titers against SIVmac239. After picking plasma cells, we obtained 44 paired Ab sequences. Ten of these mAbs were SIV specific. Although none of these mAbs neutralized SIVmac239, three mAbs completely neutralized the related SIVmac316 strain. The majority of these mAbs bound to primary rhesus CD4+ T cells infected with SIVmac239 and induced Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. This method is a first step in successful isolation of antigen-specific bone marrow-derived plasma cells from RMs.
Malignant cell characterization via mathematical analysis of bio impedance and optical properties.

Diagnosis in the early stage of breast cancer is crucial for the onset of preliminary treatment. Non-radiative bioimpedance measurement in the microwave frequency range can contribute to electrode-...
Comparative Analysis of the Women Rights between Islamic and Feminist Legal Theory

Islamic Legal Theory (which will later be termed as ILT ) is one of the practices which developed from the religious and societal strata of the occidental reality. The great Prophet Mohammed (PBUH) did not outright change everything of the then societal relatives. Feminist Legal Theory (Which will later be termed as FLT) originated from the western oriental notions. To the most believers of the traditional indoctrination, ILT is considered to possess all kinds of ways for settlements of the predicaments of the human being (men and women) which the human being faces in mundane affairs or may face in the hereafter life or both. Ridiculously the Traditional believers of the ILT could not overcome the fake ideological rigidity. Political, social and religious rights are also undebateable. Apparently, FLT, in its spirit, is countenanced to consider anything which is beneficial for the women in pragmatic human localities to flourish women headway. Because of the apparent women friendly attributes of the FLT, ILT is to confront some challenges in the post-modern ages. Comparing the financial responsibilities in family and her own matters, entitlements promoted by the ILT to women are more than FLT. Ironically, the proponents of the FLT in weaving the structure of the foundation of the women rights did not realize properly to justify their individual existence in the human civilization. Rights and responsibilities of the men and women have significantly been distributed. Hopefully, if it can be implemented by deep and sound respect to the ILT, the FLT will be thwarted in its birth. Traditionally, the FLT deals only with the women rights and the ILT unlikely to the FLT, deals, inter alia, with the women rights, and respects. So the comparison between them (FLT and ILT) may be disproportionate, unreasonable and illogical. However, the purpose of this article is to find out the appropriateness of the ILT’s women rights distribution comparing with the FLT’s and discuss the legitimacy of the equalization of the male-female rights, dignities and responsibilities in mundane affairs. This article will further argue that enacting the legislation to equalize the men and women rights is essential not only for the implementation of the women rights but also for the establishment of the ideal society. It will again observe that if the directions of the ILT i.e. realization of the dower, maintenance, political and social and familial rights etc. are not realized reasonably, ideal society would be impossible to be established with mere equalization of the male and female rights. Meaning and connotation of the ILTtWR or ILT and FLT, critical evaluation of the women rights comparing between ILTtWR/ILT and FLT, myth and reality: women rights in the ILT and FLT, and success of the feminism: concern for the ILT will be mainly focused to substantiate the objectives of this write up at par with the arguments therefore.
Melody-Based Pitch Correction Model for a Voice-Driven Musical Instrument

An investigation is presented into musical note recognition and pitch correction using only recently sung notes captured in real time. The goal is to improve, by correcting inaccuracies in singing execution, the performance of a voice-driven musical instrument that translates sung pitch into notes played by a separate virtual instrument. This is accomplished without a priori knowledge of musical key and, in order to enable real-time response, with a minimal number of recent sung notes. The technique involves inferring a tonal center, or set of keys, and then performing analysis and pitch correction based on expected note usage in that tonal center. It provides an interesting and potentially useful study in human/computer interaction with application in live musical performance.
Double Delayed Enhancement: Concomitant Cardiac Amyloidosis and Acute Coronary Embolism

Hereditary cardiac amyloidosis (CA) is a relatively rare cause of nonischemic cardiomyopathy. The risk of intracardiac thrombi increases significantly in patients with CA. We report a case of a patient presenting with chest pain and acute myocardial infarction who was subsequently diagnosed with concomitant CA and acute coronary embolism.
Abstract P340: Prevalence of Cognitive Dysfunction Among Older Adults With Diabetes

Introduction: Among older adults with diabetes, cognitive dysfunction is of particular concern as it has implications for treatment adherence and diabetes self-management. The prevalence of cognitive dysfunction has not been well characterized in this population. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 5509 participants (1815 with diabetes) from visit 5 (2011-2013) of the ARIC Study. Diabetes was defined based on self-reported physician diagnosis, diabetes medication use, or HbA1c ≥ 6.5%. Cognitive function was measured using 8 neuropsychological tests, which were grouped into three cognitive domains representing memory, executive function, and language. Participants were categorized as having cognitive dysfunction if test scores were more than 1.5 standard deviations below age-, race-, and education-adjusted scores derived from a cognitively healthy population. We calculated crude prevalence estimates and used Poisson regression to estimate adjusted prevalence ratios (PRs), comparing cognitiv...
USULAN SISTEM PENGENDALIAN PERSEDIAAN KELAPA Studi kasus: PT. Setia Tri Jujur Bersama Manado

Pengendalian persediaan adalah aktivitas dan teknik pengendalian persediaan barang baik bahan baku, barang setengah jadi ataupun barang jadi. Untuk membuat suatu sistem pengendalian persediaan pertama-tama penulis melakukan evaluasi persediaan kelapa tahun 2005 dengan melakukan penyesuaian kebutuhan kelapa sesuai dengan permintaan tepung kelapa. Kemudian penulis melakukan perhitungan persediaan dengan menggunakan model pemeriksaan kontinu (continuous review) dan pemeriksaan periodic (periodic review). Setelah itu dilakukan peramalan kebutuhan kelapa untuk tahun 2006. Setelah didapatkan jumlah kebutuhan kelapa tahun 2006, maka penulis melakukan perhitungan dengan model pemeriksaan kontinu dan pemeriksaan periodik kembali. Dalam perhitungan ini, seluruh biaya-biaya persediaan diasumsikan mengalami kenaikan sebesar inflasi yaitu 7.33%. Pada tahapan ini akan didapatkan model pengendalian persediaan yang tepat diterapkan di perusahaan berdasarkan kategori biaya. Kata kunci : Pengendalian persediaan, model pemeriksaan kontinu (continuous review), model pemeriksaan periodik (periodic review), peramalan, total biaya persediaan, SOP. Absract Inventory controls are the activities and techniques of maintaining the stock of items at desire level, whether they are raw materials, work in process orfinished products. To make an inventory control system, firstly the writer evaluated thecoconut inventory in 2005 by doing some adjustment based on the desiccated coconut demand. Then the writer counted the inventory by using continues review and periodic review models. After that the demand of coconut on 2006 is forecasted. After the writer got the demand quantity of coconut on 2006, the writer recounted the inventory by using continuous review and periodic review models. In this calculation, the inventory costs are assumed to increase 7,33% (inflation rate in 2006). In this step, we will get the optimal inventory control model that suitable to be implemented in the company. Keywords : Inventory control, continuous review model, Periodic review model,forecasting, inventory costs, Standard Operating Procedures.
The use of low departure aspheric surfaces in high quality wide angle lenses

Modern lens designs for digital sensors, such as those required in medium volumes for cinematography, often require the use of one or two high departure aspheric surfaces. With departures from best fit sphere of up to a few millimeters, the use of such surfaces are accompanied by a number of consequences: high cost metrology, very tight opto-mechanical tolerances and image artifacts due to the sub-aperture grinding and polishing process. Previously we examined the use of multiple aspheric surfaces with very low departures from best fit sphere (BFS) and concluded that advantages may be gained in standard and telephoto lenses, but not in wide angle lens designs1. In this work we consider the potential benefits of low departure aspheric surfaces, as applied to wide angle lenses in particular. We review the number, placement, and nature of aspheric surfaces in some wide angle lens design examples, and look at the potential to redesign with an increased number of low departure aspheric surfaces that have the potential to be manufactured without the need for computer generated holograms (CGH’s). The use and limitations of modern interferometers capable of measuring aspheric surfaces without the use of CGH’s will be considered. In one example we examine the performance, manufacturing, and cost perspective, paying particular attention to testing and mechanical alignment tolerances.
Effects of Heat, Social Facilitation, Sex Differences, and Task Difficulty on Reaction Time:

Paid volunteers (64 males, 64 females) performed either an easy or a complex reaction time task, either alone or in pairs (coaction), while exposed to ambient temperatures of either 22°C or 37°C. Reaction time was faster for males than for females, faster for the easy than for the complex task, and faster for coacting than for individually acting subjects. Heat increased reaction time, though its effect was statistically weak. All of these factors were essentially additive, with task difficulty having the strongest effect. Regression analysis suggested that arousal, as measured by systolic blood pressure, could account for the effects of coaction, sex differences, and heat.
Neonatal stress or morphine treatment alters adult mouse conditioned place preference.

Background: Hospitalized preterm infants may experience pain and stress, and narcotics are often administered to lessen their suffering. However, prolonged narcotic therapy may be detrimental during neonatal brain development. Using a rat model combining neonatal stress and morphine, we found that neonatal morphine impaired adult learning. Here we describe a new mouse model examining lasting effects of neonatal stress and morphine. Objective: We tested whether repeated neonatal stress and/or morphine exposure affects early neurodevelopmental or adult behaviors. Methods: Five groups of C57/BL6 mice (1: untreated; 2: morphine (2 mg/kg s.c., b.i.d.); 3: saline, 4: stress + morphine; 5: stress + saline) were treated from postnatal day (P) 5 to P9. Stress consisted of daily maternal separation/isolation (08:00–15:00 h) with gavage feedings and twice daily exposure to brief hypoxia/hyperoxia. Developmental behaviors included righting (P5) and negative geotaxis (P9). Adult behaviors included elevated plus maze, morphine place-preference conditioning, and forced-swimming. Plasma con- centrations of morphine (P7) and corticosterone (P9 and adult) were measured. Results: Neonatal stress or neonatal morphine alone impaired adult place-preference conditioning, but the combination did not (interaction p Conclusions: Neonatal stress and morphine treatment produced long-lasting behavioral and hormonal effects which suggest that neonatal morphine reduces adult arousal and neonatal stress exaggerates adult arousal, each to a degree sufficient to alter learning, while the combined impact of these neonatal treatments does not alter adult learning.
Update on the surgical pathology standards on rectal cancer diagnosis, staging and quality assessment of surgery

Surgery for rectal cancer continues to develop towards improving local control and overall survival, maintaining quality of life and preserving sphincter, genitourinary and sexual function. The multidisciplinary approach integrated in a team of different specialists ensures an individualised treatment for each patient with rectal cancer. Thus, the role of the pathologist has acquired an important relevance, not only in diagnosis, management and evaluation of the surgical specimen, but also for selection of the best adjuvant treatment. Parameters such as macroscopic quality of the mesorectum, status of the circumferential margin and lymph node harvest are considered basic criteria by current guidelines. Additionally, consistency in reporting based on the histologic classification proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO) is mandatory, along with inclusion into the pathologic report of current criteria for tumour node metastasis (TNM) staging, assessment of response to neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy and clinically relevant molecular studies. Detection of defects in mismatch repair genes and mutational analysis of specific genes should be included as predictive markers for therapy.
Effects of raloxifene and hormone replacement therapy on markers of serum atherogenicity in healthy postmenopausal women.

Abstract Objective: To determine the effect of raloxifene (RLX) and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) levels and the apolipoprotein-B/apolipoprotein-A1 (apo-B/apo-A1) concentration ratio, markers of serum atherogenicity, in postmenopausal women. Methods: Three hundred and ninety healthy postmenopausal women aged 45–72 years were enrolled in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel trial at eight outpatient sites in the United States. Women were randomly assigned to receive continuous combined HRT (0.625 mg/day conjugated equine estrogen and 2.5 mg/day medroxyprogesterone acetate), 60 or 120 mg/day raloxifene, or placebo for 6 months. Serum concentrations of non-HDL cholesterol and the apo-B/apo-A1 concentration ratio were measured in serum samples obtained at baseline and at 6 months of treatment. Results: At 6 months, non-HDL-C and apo-B/apo-A1 were significantly reduced by 60 mg/day RLX (10 and 11%, respectively), 120 mg/day RLX (9 and 12%, respectively) and HRT (10 and 12%, respectively), compared with placebo. The effect of all treatments to lower non-HDL-C and apo-B/apo-A1 was greatest in women with hypercholesterolemia (total-C>240 mg/dl) at baseline. Among women with undesirable (>160 mg/dl) non-HDL cholesterol at baseline, RLX and HRT lowered the percentage of these women remaining above this threshold after 6 months (placebo, 89%; 60 mg/day RLX, 61%; 120 mg/day RLX, 74%; HRT, 58%). Similar results were observed for women with high (>190 mg/dl) non-HDL cholesterol at baseline. Conclusion: In healthy postmenopausal women, RLX and HRT lower serum non-HDL-C and apo-B/apo-A1, indicators of serum atherogenicity, to a similar extent.
Chronic kidney disease, anemia, and incident stroke in a middle-aged, community-based population: the ARIC Study.

Chronic kidney disease, anemia, and incident stroke in a middle-aged, community-based population: The ARIC Study. Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been linked to higher stroke risk. Anemia is a common consequence of CKD, and recent evidence suggests anemia may increase risk of cardiovascular events. The combined effect of CKD and anemia on stroke risk, however, has not been investigated thoroughly. We analyzed data from a middle-aged, community-based cohort to determine if CKD and anemia interacted to affect stroke risk. Methods Data on 13,716 participants in the prospective Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study were analyzed to assess the joint effect of CKD and anemia on risk of incident stroke during a 9-year follow-up period. CKD was defined as a creatinine clearance of Results Overall, CKD was associated with an increase in stroke risk after adjustment for other factors [hazard ratio HR) 1.81; 95% CI 1.26 to 2.02]. However, this association was modified substantially by anemia. In the presence of anemia, CKD was associated with a substantially higher risk of stroke compared to no CKD (HR 5.43; 95% CI 2.04 to 14.41). In contrast, when anemia was not present, CKD was associated with only a modest, nonsignificant elevation in stroke risk (HR 1.41; 95% CI 0.93 to 2.14). The interaction between CKD and anemia on risk of stroke was statistically significant ( P Conclusion Among middle-aged, community-based persons, the combination of CKD and anemia was associated with a substantial increase in stroke risk, independent of other known risk factors for stroke.