cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Enhancing resilience among new nurses: Feasibility and efficacy of a pilot intervention

Background Orientation is one of the most stressful times in a registered nurse9s career. Little information is available regarding the efficacy of stress management approaches among new nurses. The purpose of this study was to examine outcomes of the implementation of a brief Stress Management and Resiliency Training (SMART) program within a nurse orientation program. Methods In this randomized controlled pilot study, self-reported measures of stress, mindfulness, anxiety, and resilience were measured at baseline and 12 weeks following the intervention. For each group, the mean change from baseline to week 12 was evaluated using the paired t test. The change from baseline was compared between groups using the 2-sample t test. Feasibility of integrating the SMART program into the nurse orientation program was also analyzed. Results Of the 55 participants enrolled, 40 (73%) completed the study. Mindfulness and resilience scores improved in the intervention group and declined in the control group, while stress and anxiety scores decreased in the intervention group and increased in the control group. The between-group change in each outcome, however, was not statistically significant. Conclusions Integrating the SMART program within the nurse orientation program is feasible. While changes between groups were not significant, trends in the results indicate that the program has the potential for efficacy. Future research with larger numbers is indicated with a revised version of the program to increase its effect size.
Adicción, salud y autonomía: Una defensa normativa de la legalización de algunos narcóticos para fines recreativos

Resumen: Las distintas corrientes de la teoria liberal reconocen la autonomia como un principio fundamental. Con base en este principio analizo que caracteristicas deberia tener una droga de uso recreativo para que su prohibicion se justifique en un Estado liberal. Un narcotico deberia ser proscrito si afecta de manera grave y definitiva la autonomia de los consumidores o si, por sus efectos farmacologicos, induce a comportamientos que danen la autonomia de terceros. Examino si la mariguana, la cocaina o la heroina cumplen con alguno de estos criterios y concluyo que su prohibicion no se sostiene. El consumo recreativo de estas tres drogas deberia ser legal. Palabras clave: autonomia, salud, drogas, legalizacion, mariguana, cocaina, heroina. Addiction, Health and Autonomy: A Normative Defense of the Legalization of some Recreational Drugs
Utilizing NDR effect to reduce switching threshold variations in memristive devices

Variations in the switching threshold voltage of memristive devices present significant challenges for their integration into large-scale circuits. In this paper, we propose to address this problem by adding a device exhibiting S-type (N-type) negative differential resistance (NDR) in series (parallel) with memristive devices. The main effect comes from the transition between low- and high-conductivity branches of the NDR device, which leads to a redistribution of the voltage drop inside the device stack, and, as a result, the effective lowering of variations in the switching threshold. The idea is checked experimentally using a TiO2−x memristive device connected in parallel with a tunnel GaAs diode.
Phosphocholine as a pattern recognition ligand for CD36

We have previously shown that CD36 recognizes oxidation products of phospholipids on oxidized LDL (OxLDL) such as 1-palmitoyl-2-(5'-oxovaleroyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POVPC). The current study was designed to examine whether the phosphocholine (PC) headgroup in POVPC constitutes an obligatory binding target for CD36. To examine the contribution of PC in the binding of POVPC to CD36, we used well-defined synthetic oxidized phospholipids (OxPLs) cross-linked to BSA or to a hexapeptide. The OxPL adducts were then tested for their ability to bind to CD36-transfected cells and for their ability to inhibit OxLDL binding to CD36. Both POVPC-BSA and POVPC-peptide adducts were high-affinity ligands for CD36 and potent inhibitors of OxLDL binding. Enzymatic removal of the entire PC moiety of the POVPC-peptide, or of the choline headgroup alone, as well as substitution of the choline headgroup by ethanolamine abrogated the inhibitory activity of POVPC. Interestingly, PC by itself or cross-linked to BSA did not show any intrinsic competition activity. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that the PC headgroup of OxPL alone is sufficient for binding to CD36, but only if presented in the correct conformation as in OxPL of OxLDL or as in POVPC-peptide adducts.
The history of pediatric airway reconstruction.

Objectives/Hypothesis: To review the history of pediatric laryngotracheal reconstruction and to highlight those who made major contributions in the field. Study Design Retrospective literature review. Methods: A literature search using the PubMed database from 1950 to the present. Earlier references were obtained from the Adams Center, the National Library of Medicine, and Virginia Commonwealth University Library. Results: A total of 20 articles were identified. The articles reported 274 airway reconstructions of which 79% were in children. Pre-1935 infection was the leading cause of laryngotracheal stenosis. Laryngostomy, pioneered by Chevalier Jackson, was the most common method of reconstruction. Between 1935 and 1970, trauma was the predominant cause of laryngotracheal stenosis. The most common procedure was the anterior/posterior cricoid split or Rethi procedure. It marked the introduction of bony grafts in laryngotracheal surgery as pioneered by Looper. Post-1970, prolonged intubation in neonates was the most common cause of subglottic stenosis. The field was revolutionized by the work of Evans and Cotton, with widespread use of costal cartilage grafts and laryngotracheoplasty leading to a decannulation rate of over 90%. Advances included decreased morbidity, tolerability, shorter recovery time, and fewer stages of reconstruction. Conclusions: The pioneering work of many leaders in the field of airway reconstruction over the last 100 years has resulted in a number of effective airway reconstructive procedures that have led to the majority of children being successfully decannulated. In the future, more extensive surgeries, such as tracheal transplantation, may address the small number; of children who presently cannot be decannulated.
Opening the Dissertation: Overcoming Cultural Calcification and Agoraphobia

This article places the struggle to open access to the dissertation in the context of the crisis in doctoral education and the transition from print to digital literacy. It explores the underlying cultural calcification and agoraphobia that deter engagement with openness. Solving the problems will require overhauling the curriculum and conventions of doctoral education. Opening access to dissertations is an important first step, but insufficient to end the crisis. Only opening other dimensions of the disserta- tion - the structure, media, notion of authorship, and methods of assessment - can foster the digital literacy needed to save PhD programs from extinction. If higher education institutions invested heavily in remedying obsolete practices, the remedies would reverberate throughout the academy, accelerate advancement in the disciplines, and revolutionize scholarly publishing. The article ends with a discus- sion of the significant role librarians could play in facilitating needed changes given appropriate institu- tional commitment.
Odors can change preferences for people in photographs: A cross-modal evaluative conditioning study with olfactory USs and visual CSs

Evaluative conditioning is a form of Pavlovian conditioning in which the “CR” is a change in preference or liking for the “CS.” It is probably a major cause of development of likes and dislikes in humans. This research introduces a new, cross-modal evaluative conditioning procedure using odors as USs and photographs of people’s faces as CSs. When liked, neutral, and disliked odors that were plausibly connected with people were contingently presented with photographs of neutral people, subjects shifted their preference ratings for the people in the photographs presented subsequently without odors in the direction of their preference ratings for the odors. Subjects who developed personality sketches of someone “who looked and smelled this way” showed similar shifts as those who simply studied the odor-picture combinations. Results also suggest that a plausible connection between odors and people may play a role in the success of this conditioning.
Effects of antibiotic-suppelmented media on recovery of enterobacteria

The frequency at which Salmonella Typhimurium (ST) and Escherichia coli were recov- ered from tryptic soy agar (TSA), brilliant green agar (BGA) and MacConkey agar (MAC) alone or supplemented with 2 and 16 µg oxytetracycline, 4 and 16 µg tetracycline, 2 and 64 µg kanamycin and 0.25 and 2 µg enrofloxacin was investigated. Recovery of E. coli and ST from unsupplement- ed TSA, BGA and MAC was >1 X 10 9 CFU for all strains. Recovery of ST from TSA and MAC, and two strains of E. coli from BGA supplemented with the high antibiotic levels were less than 1 in 10 8 for all antibiotics tested. Differences observed in frequencies of E. coli and ST at both low and high antibiotic levels on TSA, BGA and MAC media has implications for in vitro and in vivo assess- ments of antibiotic resistance.
Dynamic brain theory with holographic undertones

A nonlinear dynamical brain theory with holographic undertones is presented. It leads to corticonic networks that can imitate important functional properties of the cortex. These include the handling of dynamic stimuli, autonomous learning and memory formation with no apparent cross-talk, and possibly vast storage-capacity.
Bone regeneration in a rat cranial defect with delivery of PEI-condensed plasmid DNA encoding for bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP-4)

Gene therapy approaches to bone tissue engineering have been widely explored. While localized delivery of plasmid DNA encoding for osteogenic factors is attractive for promoting bone regeneration, the low transfection efficiency inherent with plasmid delivery may limit this approach. We hypothesized that this limitation could be overcome by condensing plasmid DNA with nonviral vectors such as poly(ethylenimine) (PEI), and delivering the plasmid DNA in a sustained and localized manner from poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) scaffolds. To address this possibility, scaffolds delivering plasmid DNA encoding for bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP-4) were implanted into a cranial critical-sized defect for time periods up to 15 weeks. The control conditions included no scaffold (defect left empty), blank scaffolds (no delivered DNA), and scaffolds encapsulating plasmid DNA (non-condensed). Histological and microcomputed tomography analysis of the defect sites over time demonstrated that bone regeneration was significant at the defect edges and within the defect site when scaffolds encapsulating condensed DNA were placed in the defect. In contrast, bone formation was mainly confined to the defect edges within scaffolds encapsulating plasmid DNA, and when blank scaffolds were used to fill the defect. Histomorphometric analysis revealed a significant increase in total bone formation (at least 4.5-fold) within scaffolds incorporating condensed DNA, relative to blank scaffolds and scaffolds incorporating uncondensed DNA at each time point. In addition, there was a significant increase both in osteoid and mineralized tissue density within scaffolds incorporating condensed DNA, when compared with blank scaffolds and scaffolds incorporating uncondensed DNA, suggesting that delivery of condensed DNA led to more complete mineralized tissue regeneration within the defect area. This study demonstrated that the scaffold delivery system encapsulating PEI-condensed DNA encoding for BMP-4 was capable of enhancing bone formation and may find applications in other tissue types.
Phototropism: A “Simple” Physiological Response Modulated by Multiple Interacting Photosensory-response Pathways¶

Phototropism is the process by which plants reorient growth of various organs, most notably stems, in response to lateral differences in light quantity and/or quality. The ubiquitous nature of the phototropic response in the plant kingdom implies that it provides some adaptive evolutionary advantage. Upon visual inspection it is tempting to surmise that phototropic curvatures result from a relatively simple growth response to a directional stimulus. However, detailed photophysiological, and more recently genetic and molecular, studies have demonstrated that phototropism is in fact regulated by complex interactions among several photosensory systems. At least two receptors, phototropin and a presently unidentified receptor, appear to mediate the primary photoreception of directional blue light cues in dark-grown plants. PhyB may also function as a primary receptor to detect lateral increases in far-red light in neighbor-avoidance responses of light-grown plants. Phytochromes (phyA and phyB at a minimum) also appear to function as secondary receptors to regulate adaptation processes that ultimately modulate the magnitude of curvature induced by primary photoperception. As a result of the interactions of these multiple photosensory systems plants are able to maximize the adaptive advantage of the phototropic response in ever changing light environments.
Tensor analysis methods for activity characterization in spatiotemporal data

Tensor (multiway array) factorization and decomposition offers unique advantages for activity characterization in spatio-temporal datasets because these methods are compatible with sparse matrices and maintain multiway structure that is otherwise lost in collapsing for regular matrix factorization. This report describes our research as part of the PANTHER LDRD Grand Challenge to develop a foundational basis of mathematical techniques and visualizations that enable unsophisticated users (e.g. users who are not steeped in the mathematical details of matrix algebra and mulitway computations) to discover hidden patterns in large spatiotemporal data sets.
Risk-averse purchasing behavior of female dentists and innovation in dental practice

Introduction: The aim of this study was to see if there was any correlation between the variables of age, gender, practice location and longevity, and type of practice on the risk-taking behavior of dentists in Connecticut. Risk-taking behavior was defined as the willingness to adopt new technologies. A questionnaire was used to gather data, and a series of questions were then posed to estimate the degree to which the responding dentists would be willing to implement the technology into their practices. Materials and Methods: Three hundred Connecticut dentists were randomly selected from a list of dentists that was provided by Benco Dental Supply Company. A questionnaire was written and mailed to all 300 dentists with a return envelope inside. One hundred twenty-nine dentists responded. The questionnaire contained questions to gather demographic information about the respondents. It posed a hypothetical situation that described a new imaging technology that was recently brought into the market. The only differences between this technology and current imaging machines were that it did not emit any radiation, and it was twice as expensive as comparable imaging technologies. A risk score was calculated based on the responses to the three main questions. Those who would adopt the technology quickly or immediately received higher risk scores, and those who would wait or would not buy the technology at all received low risk scores. The data were then analyzed with SPSS software to detect if there were statistically significant differences between different groups of dentists. Results: Male dentists were found to have higher risk scores than their female counterparts. Men in the 30-39-years age range had the highest risk scores, while women in this age range had the lowest. As age increased, the difference between the sexes decreased. Specialists were found to have higher risk scores compared to general dentists of the same gender; however, male general dentists still had higher risk scores than female specialists and general practitioners. Risk score also correlated with population density. As the population density of the practice location increased, so did the average risk score of the responding dentist. Conclusions: The results of this study provide evidence that there is a potential correlation of age, gender, practice location, and type of practice with the risk propensity of the responding dentist. There was less of a relationship found between practice longevity and risk score. Unfortunately, the sample size was too small to provide statistically significant correlations. Further research would be needed to explore these potential relationships, by surveying a larger population.
Vasopressin reduces oxygen uptake in intact dogs but not in sinoaortic-denervated dogs

We have investigated the effect of infusions of arginine vasopressin on cardiac output and O2 uptake in the presence and in the absence of sinoaortic reflexes to better understand the mechanism of the exaggerated decrease in cardiac output elicited by vasopressin. Chronically instrumented dogs received, on separate days, 30-min infusions of vasopressin (0.2, 1, 5, 20, and 60 ng.kg-1.min-1), phenylephrine (1, 3, and 10 micrograms.kg-1.min-1), and angiotensin II (ANG II) (10, 20, and 50 ng.kg-1.min-1). These infusions all increased mean arterial pressure to a maximum of 63 +/- 8.2 mmHg during the highest phenylephrine infusion rate. Vasopressin reduced cardiac output (electromagnetic flowmeter) more than the other vasoconstrictors for equivalent increases in arterial pressure. Vasopressin also produced dose-dependent decreases in O2 uptake, measured by collection of expired air. Such decreases were not observed with the other two agents. On the contrary, ANG II and phenylephrine increased O2 uptake significantly when they decreased cardiac output the most. The decrease in O2 uptake induced by vasopressin was significantly correlated with the decrease in cardiac output. Pretreatment of the dogs with atropine prevented the decrease in O2 uptake and blunted the fall in cardiac output induced by vasopressin at a rate of 5 ng.kg-1.min-1. In dogs surgically deprived of sinoaortic receptors, vasopressin given at 1 and 5 ng.kg-1.min-1 failed to reduce O2 uptake and cardiac output significantly.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Defining, Explaining, and Testing the Role of Focusing Events in Agenda Change: 30 Years of Focusing Event Theory

In this paper, we reexamine Kingdon’s streams metaphor to better understand how focusing events influence policy making. We begin with a review of the streams metaphor and agenda-setting theory, as well as broader theories of the policy process, as these bodies of scholarship relate to focusing events. We then consider the strengths and weaknesses of Kingdon and Birkland’s approaches to focusing events. We argue that it is important to consider how “focusing events” influence policy by looking at the level of the policy domain, rather than at individual events. Scholars have typically applied the focusing event concept to individual case studies, rather than understanding long-term agenda and policy dynamics in domains prone to focusing events. Furthermore, analyzing trends in a domain over several decades provides greater understanding about how and when policy change occurs and it demonstrates the policy learning is an iterative and accumulative process. Finally, we conclude with comments on methodological considerations for future research in a project we intend to undertake.
Error Analysis of the Nodal Integral Method for Solving the Neutron Diffusion Equation in Two-Dimensional Cartesian Geometry

An error analysis is performed for the nodal integral method (NIM) applied to the one-speed, steady-state neutron diffusion equation in two-dimensional Cartesian geometry. The geometric configurati...
367 IMPACT OF A VETERAN-CENTRIC, CASE-BASED, INTERNET-DELIVERED INTERVENTION ON PROVIDERS' BIOTERRORISM KNOWLEDGE: A RANDOMIZED TRIAL AT 15 VAMCS.

Background In the aftermath of 9/11/2001, providers9 bioterrorism knowledge is increasingly important. Traditional continuing education is costly and may not have long-term impact. Methods We conducted a randomized trial of BioCases, a case-based, interactive Internet-delivered bioterrorism educational intervention. By facility, providers were cluster-randomized on-line to BioCases versus the CDC bioterrorism Web site. The BioCases intervention included veteran-centric cases and supportive tools. After reviewing the Web site, providers were asked to complete a series of two BioTests related to anthrax and smallpox. The BioTests were 10-item, case-based knowledge assessments with score assigned as percent correct. Follow-up BioTests were completed at 3 months. Differences in BioTests scores were first assessed using t-tests, then using linear regression adjusted for provider age, gender, years in practice, and provider type, and using generalized estimating equations to account for clustering of providers within facilities. Results The study had 332 participants (155 BioCases, 177 CDC control) from 15 VAMCs. Of those, 58% (n = 191) completed the immediate BioTest; were MDs (56%), DOs (25%), and NP/PAs (19%), with 51% male, and had a median 17 years in practice. Characteristics did not differ in test-takers versus non-test-takers or BioCases versus control. The most popular BioCases were anthrax (54% accessed), smallpox (51%), plague (42%), and viral hemorrhagic fever (39%). At post-test, the mean anthrax BioTest score of BioCases providers (50% [95% CI 46-53]) was higher than controls (40% [95% CI 36-44] p Conclusions We noted higher anthrax, but not smallpox, provider knowledge on immediate and delayed post-tests compared with the CDC control. Internet-delivered case-format education may have advantages over informational Web sites for increasing knowledge retention.
Multiple Genes Control Human Immune Responses

Since the initial description of Ir genes by McDevitt and Benacerraf1 much discussion has centered around the nature of the Ir gene products and the mechanisms by which they control immune responses.2 Early work by Shevach and Rosenthal indicated that the antigen presenting cell seemed to control T-cell recognition by presenting only certain portions of the antigen,3,4 More recently, with the work of Berzofsky,5 Sercarz,6 and others it has become clear that Ir gene effects are mediated at the level of the antigenic epitope recognized by the T-cell and that Ia antigens are in fact, the Ir gene products.2 The resolving power of such systems depends upon the fact that it is possible to look at immune responses controlled by discrete portions of the murine MHC by using congenic strains. In contrast, work on human Ir genes has lagged far behind for obvious reasons.
ADDITIONAL HYDRODYNAMIC PRESSURE ON RECTANGULAR HOLLOW PIERS IN DEEP WATER DUE TO EARTHQUAKE

Based on the radiatire wave theory,a liquid control equation to hollow rectangular piers is deduced.With the condition of free surface wave,the movable boundary condition of a water particle of bottom water,and the continuity condition of structure and water speed being boandary conditions,then applying separation of variables,a general solution to liquid speed potential for inner and outer fields of hollow rectangular piers is gained.Further-more,an analytical solution to additional hydrodynamic pressure due to earthquake for inner and outer fields of hollow rectangular piers is developed.A typical example shows that this analytical solution to additional hydrodynamic pressure due to earthquake gains a relatively high calculating accuracy.
Delivery through the maternal bladder during trial of labor.

BACKGROUND The safety of trial of labor after cesarean has been documented by numerous studies. Large series have demonstrated that in a properly chosen setting, 75% of women can achieve vaginal delivery without undue risk to the mother or fetus. In a small percentage of cases, trial of labor deviates from the expected outcome. CASES Two infants were delivered through the maternal bladder, one after uterine dehiscence and the other after vaginal rupture at trial of labor. CONCLUSION Standard and unique complications are reported with trial of labor. Because these complications occur infrequently, they should not discourage an attempt at vaginal delivery after cesarean.
Overview of the Biologic Markers of Breast Cancer

Breast cancer is a complex but increasingly well-understood disease. Clearly, multiple alterations from normal mammary cells are required to achieve a transformed phenotype. Furthermore, there may be several possible alterations within broad categories that will produce the transformations leading to the malignant state. The specific set of alterations within a given cancer may thus provide necessary information about how it is unique and how it may best be treated. Several of the newer biologic markers of breast cancer may provide very specific treatment information. erbB-2 may predict for improved response to doxorubicin, rather than CMF. hsp 27 may predict for failure of doxorubicin. pS2 or EGFR may provide supplemental information predicting response to hormonal therapy. Each of these variables has strong evidence to support its use in this manner, but that evidence has been obtained on limited numbers of patients treated in a limited number of ways. The most established markers, with multiple studies indicating their prognostic benefit, are erbB-2, cathepsin D, and proliferation markers. Of the several proliferation markers there may be no one choice that is best. However, very clearly, any marker must be carefully assessed for appropriate cut-off values, and cut-off values established by one cohort of patients should be verified against another cohort of patients. The oncoproteins associated with cell cycle regulation (cyclin D, p53, Rb, and c-myc) have shown strong promise of providing important prognostic information. The limited studies to date indicate that these markers are independent of one another. Cell cycle regulation may be an area in which any defect may serve to deregulate the cell, and therefore several defects in one cell would be unlikely. The specific nature of the defect in a given cancer may be very important. With the advent of immunohistochemical methods to measure most of the markers, more information may become available. Finally, the burgeoning area of tumor-stromal interactions is replete with potentially important markers of cancer prognosis. The growth factors, which are marginally a part of this area owing to the probable importance of paracrine effects on cancer cell growth, have progressively developed a body of literature supporting their prognostic potential. However, they have rarely been studied in conjunction with the other aspects of tumor-stromal cooperation. The markers of metastatic potential, nm23 and angiogenesis, have been shown in small cohorts to have considerable prognostic import.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Challenges in the Operationalization of Mental Health Quality Measures: An Assessment of Alternatives

Interest in measuring the quality of mental health services has increased, but challenges remain in moving from general standards of quality and best practices to specific, implementable quality measures. The International Initiative for Mental Health Leadership identified 656 mental health quality measures and then applied a modified Delphi approach to assess various available alternative quality measures. Panel members considered issues of data source, segmentation, and thresholds. Policy makers and organizations will need to make difficult choices about accountability, purpose, feasibility, and validity in order to operationalize quality measurement. Empirical data can help guide them in this process.
Micropower Mixed-Signal VLSI Independent Component Analysis for Gradient Flow Acoustic Source Separation

A parallel micropower mixed-signal VLSI implementation of independent component analysis (ICA) with reconfigurable outer-product learning rules is presented. With the gradient sensing of the acoustic field over a miniature microphone array as a pre-processing method, the proposed ICA implementation can separate and localize up to 3 sources in mild reverberant environment. The ICA processor is implemented in 0.5 $\mu\text{m}$ CMOS technology and occupies 3 mm $\times$ 3 mm area. At 16 kHz sampling rate, ASIC consumes 195 $\mu\text{W}$ power from a 3 V supply. The outer-product implementation of natural gradient and Herault-Jutten ICA update rules demonstrates comparable performance to benchmark FastICA algorithm in ideal conditions and more robust performance in noisy and reverberant environment. Experiments demonstrate perceptually clear separation and precise localization over wide range of separation angles of two speech sources presented through speakers positioned at 1.5 m from the array on a conference room table. The presented ASIC leads to an extreme small form factor and low power consumption microsystem for source separation and localization required in applications like intelligent hearing aids and wireless distributed acoustic sensor arrays.
Bridging the Gap between DNA Methylation, DNA Methylation Readers, and Neurodevelopmental Disorders.

The epigenome consists of covalent modifications made to DNA and histones, as well as regulatory signaling mediated by RNA molecules, that result in transient, developmental, or stably inherited changes in chromatin structure and genomic function. The processes that mediate these changes enable
Management of the Charcot Ankle

A Charcot joint is defined by the appearance of bony destruction in the presence of neuropathy. A Charcot ankle is an ankle joint where the normal articular contours are permanently altered due to bony destruction. Sometimes it presents as the initial complication to a diabetic patient with neuropathy, but often it is seen as a natural progression of a disease process first noted and or treated in the foot. The unique nature of the bony destruction and delayed healing is due in part to the local loss of small fiber nerves and the neuropeptides they produce. This selective loss of neuromodulator peptides adversely affects normal bone repair and remodeling. What is seen is excessive initial osteolysis, with first delayed and then hypertrophic bone healing, in the face of adequate vascular supply to the local tissues.
Ecobehavioral Characteristics of Self-Contained High School Classrooms for Students With Severe Cognitive Disability:

This study investigated educational experiences for students with significant cognitive disability (SCD) taught in self-contained high school classrooms. Nineteen students and nine teachers across five high schools and four school districts participated. A time-sampling method was used to describe the ecological, teacher, and student behaviors of these classrooms. Field notes were collected and analyzed as well. Results revealed that students in these classrooms were often passively engaged and had few opportunities to learn from rigorous curriculum. Instructors engaged in few practices known to be effective in supporting the learning of students with SCD. Finally, the classrooms themselves were often distracting and demonstrated little evidence of specialized or effective instruction. Implications for teaching and research are included.
Establishing Waist-to-Height Ratio Standards from Criterion-Referenced BMI Using ROC Curves in Low-Income Children.

The purpose of this study was to establish health-related waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) cut-points associating with FITNESSGRAM’s body mass index (BMI) criterion-referenced standards in low-income children. A secondary aim was to examine the classification agreement between the derived WHtR cut-points and various cardiometabolic blood markers using current recommendations. Participants were 219 children from low-income schools (mean age = 10.5 ± 0.6 years). Waist circumference, height, weight, and cardiometabolic blood markers were collected in a fasting state before school hours. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to determine WHtR cut-points that associated with a child meeting FITNESSGRAM’s age- and sex-specific criterion-referenced standards for BMI. The derived WHtR cut-point was 0.50 (AUC = 0.89, ; sensitivity = 0.86, specificity = 0.82, and accuracy = 84.3%). Classification agreement using the derived WHtR cut-point with various blood marker standards was statistically significant but considered weak to fair (kappa 0.14–0.34, agreement = 59%–67%, and ). The WHtR cut-point of 0.50 can be used with strong accuracy to distinguish low-income children who met FITNESSGRAM’s criterion-referenced standards for body composition; however, the evidence was weaker for its use in distinguishing low-income children meeting specific cardiometabolic blood marker recommendations.
DECREASES IN LEFT VENTRICULAR MASS AND NOT LEFT VENTRICULAR EJECTION FRACTION ARE ASSOCIATED WITH HEART FAILURE SYMPTOMS IN CANCER PATIENTS SIX MONTHS AFTER POTENTIALLY CARDIOTOXIC CHEMOTHERAPY

Background: Cancer therapy related cardiovascular dysfunction (CTRCD) is a known consequence of modern cancer therapies and is identified through changes in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and strain by echocardiography or cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging. LV remodeling and
STUDENTS WITH BEHAVIOUR DIFFICULTIES AND LATVIAN TEACHER BELIEFS ABOUT THEM: GLOBALISATION OR GLOCALISATION IN ACTION?

This paper analyses Latvian teacher beliefs about students with behaviour difficulties to ascertain whether the same issues are of concern for Latvian teachers as teachers from another system, such as Australia. Do they identify similar behaviours as of concern, do they have similar expectations and views about educating these students or are they so dissimilar that they, by borrowing from elsewhere, end up importing surrogate values and impossible solutions? This rests within a context of globalisation in education which encourages teachers to look to and borrow from foreign systems as an astute way of providing pre-tested solutions for local needs.
Risk assessment and outcomes of vasoplegia after cardiac surgery

The aim of this study was to analyze risk factors and outcomes of vasoplegia after cardiac surgery based on our experience with almost 2000 cardiac operations performed at our institution. We retrospectively analyzed patients who underwent cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) between 2011 and 2013. Data were available for a total of 1992 patients. We defined vasoplegia as hypotension with persistently low systemic vascular resistance ( 2.5). The rate of vasoplegia in our cohort was 20.3% (n = 405). The incidences of mild, moderate, and severe vasoplegia were 13.2, 5.7, and 1.5%, respectively. Factors that increased risk of vasoplegia included valve operations, heart transplants, dialysis-dependent renal failure, age >65, diuretic therapy, and recent myocardial infarction. B blocker therapy was protective against vasoplegia. Vasoplegic syndrome is still a frequently occurring adverse event following cardiac surgery. In high risk patients for vasoplegia, it may be sensible to proceed with preoperative volume loading (instead of diuresis), initiation of low dose vasopressin therapy if needed, and attempting to up titrate beta-blocker therapy.
Reporting More but Moving Less? The Complex Relationship between Acculturation and Physical Activity Among US Adults.

PURPOSE To investigate the association between acculturation and physical activity (PA). DESIGN Cross sectional. SETTING The National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) 2003 to 2006. SUBJECTS A total of 4029 adults (aged 20-64), including 2063 men and 1966 women. MEASURES The outcome measures included both self-reported PA and device-assessed PA. The acculturation measure was constructed based on nativity, language use at home, and length of residence in the United States. ANALYSIS Regressions with domain analysis were conducted to adjust for the influence of confounding factors and complex survey design. RESULTS For men, self-reported PA increased with acculturation, especially leisure-time PA. However, device-assessed PA decreased with acculturation. For women, the results were more mixed. CONCLUSION All evidence considered, we concluded that PA decreased with acculturation for US men.
An alternative framework for negotiating climate policies

In this paper, we make two points about bottom-up approaches to climate policy. First, we argue that it is more productive to work with a small group of countries to establish the basis of a global climate regime than tackling the issue with all countries, as in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Secondly, we argue that negotiators should also work explicitly to encourage the development and deployment of clean technologies as a way to reduce future emissions, and suggest how this might be achieved.
Attention Afforded Accounting Research by Policy Makers, Academics, and the General Public

Many question the value of accounting scholarship to society. We compared the attention the general public, policy makers, and academics give to academic accounting research relative to other business disciplines and other more general disciplines (economics, psychology, and other sciences). The results indicate that accounting research receives significantly less attention from the general public than all other disciplines and also performs relatively poorly in receiving policy makers’ attention compared to both economics and finance. Articles in other disciplines’ elite journals cite relatively little of accounting’s elite-level publications, but non-elite journal articles cite accounting research in similar numbers to other disciplines. We also compared the attention subtopic areas within accounting receive. Within accounting, tax research receives more attention from the general public and policy makers than other topic areas. Finally, we rank scholars, institutions, and journals by the attention they receive. We discuss how these findings could impact accounting education.
Discordant reporting of nonmedical amphetamine use among Adderall-using high school seniors in the US.

Abstract Background Amphetamine is the most prevalent prescription stimulant in the United States, both medically and nonmedically. Reliable data on nonmedical use is needed to continue to inform prevention. To determine whether adolescents accurately self-report nonmedical amphetamine use, we compared self-reports of nonmedical amphetamine use and nonmedical Adderall use in a national sample. Methods We examined self-reported nonmedical Adderall and amphetamine use in a nationally representative sample of 24,740 high school seniors in the Monitoring the Future study (2010–2015). We examined prevalence and correlates of discordant responses among past-year Adderall users, defined as reporting past-year nonmedical Adderall use, but not reporting past-year nonmedical amphetamine use. Results While 6.9% reported nonmedical Adderall use and 7.9% reported nonmedical amphetamine use, over a quarter (28.7%) of Adderall users reported no amphetamine use. Those at highest risk for Adderall use tended to be at lower odds of providing a discordant response. Older students (aged ≥18), black students, and those with parents of lower educational attainment were more likely to report no amphetamine use, despite reporting Adderall use. Lifetime use of various drugs was associated with decreased odds of providing a discordant response; however, only nonmedical opioid use was associated with significant decreased odds in multivariable models. Disapproval towards amphetamine use increased odds of providing a discordant response, while higher exposure to users decreased odds of providing a discordant response. Conclusion Prevalence of nonmedical amphetamine use may be underreported on some surveys, particularly among specific subpopulations. Future surveys must ensure accurate and consistent responses.
A Linear Temporal Logic Model for Topological Relationships between Moving Regions

We introduce a mechanism to express spatiotemporal topological predicates over moving regions using Linear Temporal Logic. The mechanism allows for the expression of movement constraints among sets of moving regions in database systems, and the expression of topological predicates over moving regions for querying purposes. Because we build our mechanism over topological relationships between non-moving regions, the idea can be extended to any spatial types for which topological relationships are defined.
Localized Transient Stability (LTS) Method for Real-time Localized Control

Very recently, a new methodology was introduced solely for the purpose of real-time localized control of transient stability. The proposed new method is based on the localized transient stability of a power system. This is completely a new idea in transient stability. In this method, the post-fault power system is represented by a two-generator localized power system at the site of each individual generator. If each of these localized power systems reaches its respective stable equilibrium, then the full power system also reaches its stable equilibrium. Therefore, in terms of real-time localized control of transient stability, if each of the localized power systems is driven to its respective stable equilibrium by local control actions with local computations using the locally measured data, then the full power system is driven to its stable equilibrium. Thus the method can be easily implemented for real-time localized control of transient stability. In this paper, the details of the mathematical formulations are presented. Some interesting test results on the well-known New England 39-bus 10-generator system are also presented in this paper to demonstrate the potential of the proposed method for use in real-time localized control of transient stability.
Is adaptive control in language production mediated by learning

Recent work using the Picture Word Interference (PWI) paradigm has revealed that language production, similar to non-verbal tasks, shows a robust Congruency Sequence Effect (CSE), defined as a decreased congruency effect following incongruent trials. Although CSE is considered an index of adaptive control, its mechanism is debated. In two experiments, we tested the predictions of a learning model of adaptive control in production, using a task-switching paradigm fully balanced to evaluate CSE on a PWI trial as a function of the congruency of a 2-back PWI trial (within-task CSE), as well as a 1-back trial belonging to a different task (cross-task CSE). The second task was a visuospatial task with congruent and incongruent trials in Experiment 1, and a self-paced reading task with ambiguous and unambiguous sentences in Experiment 2 that imposed a gap between the two PWI trials twice as long of that in Experiment 1. A learning model posits that CSE is the result of changes to the connection weights between task-specific representations and a control center, which leads to two predictions in our paradigm: (a) a robust within-task CSE unaffected by the intervening trial and the gap duration, and (b) an absent or reversed cross-task CSE. These predictions were contrasted with two versions of an activation model of CSE. In accord with the predictions of the learning model, we found robust within-task CSE in PWI in both Experiments with a comparable effect size. Similarly, evidence of within-task CSE was also found in the visuospatial and sentence reading tasks. On the other hand, examination of cross-task CSE from PWI to the other tasks and vice versa revealed either absent or reversed CSE. Collectively, these results support a learning model of adaptive control in language production.
Representations of Codeine Misuse on Instagram: Content Analysis.

Background: Prescription opioid misuse has doubled over the past 10 years and is now a public health epidemic. Analysis of social media data may provide additional insights into opioid misuse to supplement the traditional approaches of data collection (eg, self-report on surveys). Objective: The aim of this study was to characterize representations of codeine misuse through analysis of public posts on Instagram to understand text phrases related to misuse. Methods: We identified hashtags and searchable text phrases associated with codeine misuse by analyzing 1156 sequential Instagram posts over the course of 2 weeks from May 2016 to July 2016. Content analysis of posts associated with these hashtags identified the most common themes arising in images, as well as culture around misuse, including how misuse is happening and being perpetuated through social media. Results: A majority of images (50/100; 50.0%) depicted codeine in its commonly misused form, combined with soda (lean). Codeine misuse was commonly represented with the ingestion of alcohol, cannabis, and benzodiazepines. Some images highlighted the previously noted affinity between codeine misuse and hip-hop culture or mainstream popular culture images. Conclusions: The prevalence of codeine misuse images, glamorizing of ingestion with soda and alcohol, and their integration with mainstream, popular culture imagery holds the potential to normalize and increase codeine misuse and overdose. To reduce harm and prevent misuse, immediate public health efforts are needed to better understand the relationship between the potential normalization, ritualization, and commercialization of codeine misuse.
Hyperleukocytosis during induction therapy with arsenic trioxide for relapsed acute promyelocytic leukemia associated with central nervous system infarction

Arsenic trioxide is a new and investigational agent for the treatment of relapsed or refractory acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Leukocytosis has been commonly noted with its use; however, this side effect usually resolves spontaneously and is generally not treated. To date, no deaths have been
Regulation of Body Weight by Malonyl-CoA in the CNS

Intermediary metabolites of fatty acid biosynthesis are used by the central nervous system to signal changes in body weight in response to alterations in dietary nutrients. This nutrient-sensing mechanism links cellular bioenergetics to complex animal behavior. The central molecule in this pathway, malonyl-coenzyme A (CoA), is the product of the rate-limiting and highly regulated step in fatty acid biosynthesis. Increased concentrations of hypothalamic malonyl-CoA, mediated by nutrient or endocrine cues, inhibit food intake and enhance peripheral energy expenditure resulting in a reduction in body weight. Conversely, the depletion of malonyl-CoA leads to an obese phenotype. Here, we describe the regulation and mechanism by which malonyl-CoA regulates body weight.