cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hydrogen isotopic composition of the Martian mantle inferred from the newest Martian meteorite fall, Tissint

The hydrogen isotopic composition of planetary reservoirs can provide key constraints on the origin and history of water on planets. The sources of water and the hydrological evolution of Mars may be inferred from the hydrogen isotopic compositions of mineral phases in Martian meteorites, which are currently the only samples of Mars available for Earth-based laboratory investigations. Previous studies have shown that δD values in minerals in the Martian meteorites span a large range of −250 to +6000‰. The highest hydrogen isotope ratios likely represent a Martian atmospheric component: either interaction with a reservoir in equilibrium with the Martian atmosphere (such as crustal water), or direct incorporation of the Martian atmosphere due to shock processes. The lowest δD values may represent those of the Martian mantle, but it has also been suggested that these values may represent terrestrial contamination in Martian meteorites. Here we report the hydrogen isotopic compositions and water contents of a variety of phases (merrillites, maskelynites, olivines, and an olivine-hosted melt inclusion) in Tissint, the latest Martian meteorite fall that was minimally exposed to the terrestrial environment. We compared traditional sample preparation techniques with anhydrous sample preparation methods, to evaluate their effects on hydrogen isotopes, and find that for severely shocked meteorites like Tissint, the traditional sample preparation techniques increase water content and alter the D/H ratios toward more terrestrial-like values. In the anhydrously prepared Tissint sample, we see a large range of δD values, most likely resulting from a combination of processes including magmatic degassing, secondary alteration by crustal fluids, shock-related fractionation, and implantation of Martian atmosphere. Based on these data, our best estimate of the δD value for the Martian depleted mantle is −116 ± 94‰, which is the lowest value measured in a phase in the anhydrously prepared section of Tissint. This value is similar to that of the terrestrial upper mantle, suggesting that water on Mars and Earth was derived from similar sources. The water contents of phases in Tissint are highly variable, and have been affected by secondary processes. Considering the H2O abundances reported here in the driest phases (most likely representing primary igneous compositions) and appropriate partition coefficients, we estimate the H2O content of the Tissint parent magma to be ≤0.2 wt%.
Upregulation of L-type calcium channels in colonic inhibitory motoneurons of P/Q-type calcium channel-deficient mice.

P/Q-type Ca2+ channels contribute to neurotransmission in the gut. Tottering mice (tg/tg) have a loss of function mutation in the gene encoding P/Q-type Ca2+ channels. Colonic motility and inhibito...
RF Subsystem Design for Microwave Communication Receivers

A system review of the RF subsystems of IFF transponders, troposcatter receivers and SATCOM receivers is presented. The quantity potential for S and X band IFF transponders establishes a baseline requirement. From this, the feasibility of a common design for these and other receivers is evaluated. Goals are established for a GaAs MMIC device and related local oscillator preselector and self test components.
Caffeine and theanine exert opposite effects on attention under emotional arousal.

Tea is perceived as more relaxing than coffee, even though both contain caffeine. L-theanine in tea may account for the difference. Consumed together, caffeine and theanine exert similar cognitive effects to that of caffeine alone, but exert opposite effects on arousal, in that caffeine accentuates and theanine mitigates physiological and felt stress responses. We evaluated whether caffeine and theanine influenced cognition under emotional arousal. Using a double-blind, repeated-measures design, 36 participants received 4 treatments (200 mg caffeine + 0 mg theanine, 0 mg caffeine + 200 mg theanine, 200 mg caffeine + 200 mg theanine, 0 mg caffeine + 0 mg theanine) on separate days. Emotional arousal was induced by highly arousing negative film clips and pictures. Mood, salivary cortisol, and visual attention were evaluated. Caffeine accentuated global processing of visual attention on the hierarchical shape task (p < 0.05), theanine accentuated local processing (p < 0.05), and the combination did not diffe...
Revolution and Counter-Revolution: Network Mobilization to Preserve Public Education in Wisconsin

The early months of 2011 found the whole nation tuning in to view a remarkable sight broadcasted from Madison, Wisconsin. Scores of protestors occupied the state capitol rotunda, thousands more fil...
Showing off! A philosophy of image by Jorella Andrews

Jorella Andrews offers an approach to visual culture that privileges issues of perception and display, both as part of understanding relationships between seeing, being seen and self-showing. Andre...
Technique of Minimally Invasive Cervical Foraminotomy.

Background Posterior cervical foraminotomy is a long utilized and commonly performed procedure, but has been supplanted in many cases by anterior procedures. With the advent of minimally invasive techniques, posterior foraminotomy may again deserve a prominent place in the treatment of cervical foraminal stenosis. Objective To report in detail a successfully utilized minimally invasive technique and the results in a large series of patients, by a single author. Methods The technique is described and illustrated in detail. A retrospective review of the use of this technique in a large series is reported. Results Precise details of the technique are described with specific attention to complication avoidance. In over 360 cases, there have been no nerve root injuries other than idiopathic C5 palsies, no wound infections, and a single durotomy that required no specific treatment. Conclusion Minimally invasive posterior cervical foraminotomy is a well-tolerated and effective procedure which can be performed with minimal complications when attention to detail is maintained.
CHILDHOOD SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS AND ADULT ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE: A LIFE COURSE PATHWAY MODEL OF HEALTH

There is a well-established relationship between childhood socioeconomic status (SES) and adult health, but how early-life conditions are able to influence health and aging in later-life is less clear. To elucidate this process, this study investigated how childhood SES influences ischemic heart disease (IHD)—a common disease among older adults—through multiple paths of adult health lifestyles, SES, and chronic inflammation. Guided by two interdisciplinary life course perspectives, this study hypothesized that socioeconomic disadvantage during childhood would lead to unhealthy lifestyles and lower SES in adulthood, which would lead to chronic inflammation that would subsequently raise the risk of IHD. Data came from six waves of the Health and Retirement Study between 2004 and 2014, comprising a sample of 11,697 U.S. men and women aged 51 and older. A series of Cox proportional hazards models examined the relationship between childhood SES and adult IHD. Statistical tests of mediation were conducted to determine whether adult health lifestyles, SES, and chronic inflammation mediated the relationship between childhood SES and adult IHD. Findings revealed that lower childhood SES raised IHD risk by directly impacting adult health lifestyles and SES, which subsequently led to higher levels of systemic inflammation, resulting in onset of IHD. These findings clarify how childhood SES impacts health among older adults. Using multiple mediating domains to assess the long-term effects of early-life conditions can enhance U.S. health policy in an effort to reduce the associated disease burden of childhood SES.
Taking six-dimensional spectra in finite time

Pump-probe spectroscopies use ultrafast laser pulses to excite molecules, and then probe them with a time-delayed pulse. If more laser pulses are used, information beyond excited-state spectra can be gained. For example, four-pulse techniques can explore how vibrations or electronic excited states are coupled. However, adding even more pulses usually comes at a price—that of very long experimental times to collect all of the data. Spencer et al. ( 1 ) now report on a six-pulse laser spectroscopy that obtains intricate details on the coupling between electronic states to vibrational motions, a key issue in the observation of quantum coherence in proteins ( 2 – 5 ). This method takes advantage of the ingenious gradient-assisted photon-echo spectroscopy (GRAPES) developed ( 6 ) for four-pulse spectroscopy that speeds acquisition times by tilting the beams to introduce time delays and sampling along a line rather than a point.
A digital mm-Wave PA architecture with Simultaneous Frequency and back-off Reconfigurability

Spectrally-efficient operation with high power and high efficiency at deep back-off will be critical for the next-generation mm-Wave transmitters for 5G and beyond. In addition, as larger non-contiguous chunks of the mm-Wave spectrum open up, dynamic frequency reconfiguration while ensuring high spectral and energy efficiency can become key towards optimal utilization of spectral resources. In this paper, we present a generalized asymmetrical multi-port combiner based network synthesis approach that enables both frequency and back-off reconfigurability in a mm-Wave power amplifier (PA) architecture to maintain high-efficiency operation with spectrally efficient codes across a wide frequency range. As a proof of concept, a silicon-based PA is presented which operates between 30–55 GHz with peak P sat of 23.7 dBm at 40 GHz and output collector efficiency (η out ) of 34.5 % and 22% at the 0 and −6 dB back-off respectively. The PA maintains η out > 16% at −6 dB back-off across the range. Non-constant modulation is demonstrated with pulse shaping and with data rates upto 4 Gbps across the frequencies from 30–50 GHz.
Controversies in complex percutaneous coronary intervention: radial versus femoral.

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Evolution in the technology used in the cardiac catheterization laboratory has permitted a migration from the femoral to radial artery access for many interventional procedures while concurrently improving outcomes. As a disruptive technology, transradial access has been associated with several controversies including a dichotomous relationship with femoral access.Areas covered: Several different patient subsets along with perceived technical challenges in interventional cardiology are reviewed with regard to the issue of access site. Evolving technological improvements germane to transradial techniques are also discussed as garnered from the literature of recent clinical trials and reports.Expert commentary: Radial techniques have been enhanced by newer technology and the spread of knowledge. Fusion of radial techniques with those of the femoral approach is evolving into a unifying concept of using the access that is most appropriate for the patient. No one access technique can cove...
Addiction Potential of Cigarettes With Reduced Nicotine Content in Populations With Psychiatric Disorders and Other Vulnerabilities to Tobacco Addiction.

Importance A national policy is under consideration to reduce the nicotine content of cigarettes to lower nicotine addiction potential in the United States. Objective To examine how smokers with psychiatric disorders and other vulnerabilities to tobacco addiction respond to cigarettes with reduced nicotine content. Design, Setting, and Participants A multisite, double-blind, within-participant assessment of acute response to research cigarettes with nicotine content ranging from levels below a hypothesized addiction threshold to those representative of commercial cigarettes (0.4, 2.3, 5.2, and 15.8 mg/g of tobacco) at 3 academic sites included 169 daily smokers from the following 3 vulnerable populations: individuals with affective disorders (n = 56) or opioid dependence (n = 60) and socioeconomically disadvantaged women (n = 53). Data were collected from March 23, 2015, through April 25, 2016. Interventions After a brief smoking abstinence, participants were exposed to the cigarettes with varying nicotine doses across fourteen 2- to 4-hour outpatient sessions. Main Outcomes and Measures Addiction potential of the cigarettes was assessed using concurrent choice testing, the Cigarette Purchase Task (CPT), and validated measures of subjective effects, such as the Minnesota Nicotine Withdrawal Scale. Results Among the 169 daily smokers included in the analysis (120 women [71.0%] and 49 men [29.0%]; mean [SD] age, 35.6 [11.4] years), reducing the nicotine content of cigarettes decreased the relative reinforcing effects of smoking in all 3 populations. Across populations, the 0.4-mg/g dose was chosen significantly less than the 15.8-mg/g dose in concurrent choice testing (mean [SEM] 30% [0.04%] vs 70% [0.04%]; Cohen d = 0.40; P d = 1.17; P d = 0.40; P d range, 0.21-1.05; P 2 = 0.008; dose-by-time interaction, P = .002). Conclusions and Relevance Reducing the nicotine content of cigarettes may decrease their addiction potential in populations that are highly vulnerable to tobacco addiction. Smokers with psychiatric conditions and socioeconomic disadvantage are more addicted and less likely to quit and experience greater adverse health impacts. Policies to reduce these disparities are needed; reducing the nicotine content in cigarettes should be a policy focus.
Oxygen, Metabolism, and Regeneration: Lessons from Mice

The discovery that the Murphy Roths Large (MRL) mouse strain is a fully competent, epimorphic tissue regenerator, proved that the machinery of regeneration was preserved through evolution from hydra, to salamanders, to mammals. Such concepts have allowed translation of the biology of amphibians, and their ability to regenerate, to a mammalian context. We identified the ancient hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α pathway, operating through prolyl hydroxylase domain proteins (PHDs), as a central player in mouse regeneration. Thus, the possibility of targeting PHDs or other HIF-1α modifiers to effectively recreate the amphibian regenerative state has emerged. We posit that these regenerative pathways are critical in mammals. Moreover, the current approved use of PHD inhibitors in the clinic should allow fast-track translation from mouse studies to drug-based regenerative therapy in humans.
Stretching Reduces Tumor Growth in a Mouse Breast Cancer Model

There is growing interest in developing non-pharmacological treatments that could boost natural defenses against cancer and contribute to primary and secondary cancer prevention. Recent studies have shown that gentle daily stretching for 10 minutes can reduce local connective tissue inflammation and fibrosis. Because mechanical factors within the stroma can influence the tumor microenvironment, we hypothesized that stretching would reduce the growth of tumors implanted within locally stretched tissues and tested this hypothesis in a mouse orthotopic breast cancer model. Female FVB mice (N = 66) underwent bilateral injection of p53/PTEN double-null primary mouse mammary tumor cells into the third mammary fat pad. Mice were randomized to stretch vs. no stretch, and treated for 10 minutes once a day, for four weeks. Tumor volume at end-point was 52% smaller in the stretch group, compared to the no-stretch group (p < 0.001) in the absence of any other treatment. Cytotoxic immune responses were activated and levels of Specialized Pro-Resolving Mediators were elevated in the stretch group. These results suggest a link between immune exhaustion, inflammation resolution and tumor growth. Stretching is a gentle, non-pharmacological intervention that could become an important component of cancer treatment and prevention.
BreatheWell Wear: Development and Testing of a Stress Management App for TBI and PTSD on Android Wear Smartwatches

This paper describes the development and testing of BreatheWell Wear, a stress management application (mobile app) developed for Android Wear smartwatches to assist military service members with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and traumatic brain injury (TBI) to use deep, slow diaphragmatic breathing for managing stress. The paper describes rehabilitation needs and challenges of daily living of the user population, and the limitations of existing solutions for training and using diaphragmatic breathing. Features and functioning of BreatheWell Wear are presented along with a summary of our user-centered design approach to development. Testing for clinical effectiveness was conducted with a small sample. Participants were recruited from the SHARE Military Initiative at Shepherd Center in Atlanta, Georgia, USA where they were receiving comprehensive rehabilitation for TBI and PTSD. The effectiveness of the intervention was evaluated through collection of patient reported outcomes: (1) stress ratings, entered into the app by the user before and after each breathing session; (2) Goal Attainment Scaling (GAS) to measure impact of using BreatheWell Wear after extended use; (3) changes in PTSD symptom severity gathered at study completion using the Posttraumatic Checklist-5 (PCL-5); (4) changes in anxiety, depression and psychological well-being were measured at study completion using the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Flourishing Scale. Clinical measures of PTSD, anxiety, depression, and psychological well-being, showed moderate or greater clinically meaningful change. Participants also reported positive experiences using BreatheWell Wear.
Family planning and contraception use in transgender men.

Abstract Objectives Female-to-male (FTM) transgender men (affirmed males) can experience planned and unplanned pregnancy during and after testosterone therapy. We conducted an exploratory study to understand current contraceptive practices and fertility desires among transgender men during and after transitioning. Study design Self-identified transgender and transmasculine individuals assigned female at birth, ages 18–45, completed an anonymous online survey derived from standardized family planning surveys. We recruited participants from LGBT health centers, online listservs, and online groups for transgender men and used a mixed-methods analysis to evaluate quantitative and qualitative data. Results Of the one hundred and ninety-seven participants included in the study, the median age was 30 years old, most respondents were white, and 86% were taking masculinizing hormones (testosterone). Of the 60 pregnancies reported, 10 (17%) pregnancies occurred after stopping testosterone, 1 (1.6%) while taking testosterone irregularly, and 5 of 7 abortions occurred in participants who had been using testosterone in the past. Over half of the respondents desired at least one child, and a quarter reported fears of not getting pregnant. The majority of participants reporting using contraception ( n =110, 60.1%), with condoms and pills used most commonly ( n =90, 49.2% and n =62, 33.9% respectively). Methods of contraception used did not differ between testosterone users and non-users, except for hormonal IUDs (20% testosterone versus 7% non-testosterone). Thirty participants (16.4%) believed that testosterone was a form of contraception, and 10 (5.5%) participants reported that their healthcare providers advised testosterone as contraception. Conclusion Transgender men use contraception and can experience pregnancy and abortion, even after transitioning socially and hormonally. Transgender men need counseling and care regarding reproductive health, including contraceptive and conception counseling. Implications Providers should be aware that transgender men may desire pregnancy and use contraception; this study highlights the need for further research regarding fertility, fertility desires, and optimal contraception among transgender men.
Epidemiology of Falls and Mobility Disorders

Falls and mobility disorders are common in older adults and have multiple serious consequences that include injury, disability and even death. Inconsistencies among data sources with regard to terminology and study methods create challenges in interpreting the literature on this subject. Nevertheless, the field now has an extensive knowledge base regarding risk factors, screening and preventive interventions. Since the needs of older adults vary greatly by setting (e.g., community, hospital and long-term care), so must public health services. Mobility disorders frequently overlap with falls and problems with balance. Thus, public health approaches should integrate the screening and management of falls, balance disorders and mobility problems.
Diet and Dental Caries

Dental caries is widespread amongst populations in technically developing nations and is rapidly approaching the severity levels found in affluent societies. The change in dietary habits associated with technical and economic development is most probably responsible for such a deterioration in dental health. The total food and drink intake, including non-nutrient components, is termed the diet. Dietary constituents come into contact with the teeth, their supporting tissues and with dental plaque. Thus the diet may exert a local effect on caries in the mouth by reacting with the enamel surface and by serving as a substrate for cariogenic microorganisms. This chapter examines some of the evidence available on the relationship between diet and dental caries. In addition, the effects of the diet on dental plaque will be discussed as well as possible protective factors available in foodstuffs, and the replacement of sucrose by other sweeteners.
Control of Mitochondrial Substrate Oxidation

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the control of oxidative metabolism by adenosine diphosphate (ADP) availability in isolated mitochondria and perfused organs. It focuses on the control of dehydrogenase activity. The enzymes, such as, the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and some of the enzymes of the tricarboxylate cycle have been considered. The most important characteristics of these enzymes are that (1) they catalyze non-equilibrium reactions; (2) exert a dominant influence over the flux through the pathways that are central to catabolic metabolism; and (3) they are mitochondrial. This localization means that the supply of substrate, and dissipation of product, might be limited by the permeability properties of the inner mitochondrial membrane. Because these enzymes are dehydrogenases, the final arbiter of their activity is the respiratory chain, with its coupling to the phosphorylation of ADP. The chapter describes the control of the tricarboxylate cycle and of pyruvate dehydrogenase in their mitochondrial context
How Virtuous Was Socrates

In this essay, I begin by arguing that the moral character of the historical Socrates plays a role in our understanding of Socrates’ philosophy. In the second part of the essay, I turn to a key passage that has shaped our understanding of Socrates’ moral character: Alcibiades’ speech in Plato’s Symposium,. I examine three different approaches to Alcibiades’ speech and argue that all three of them fail to explain the humor in the speech. Based on this result, I develop and defend a new interpretation. I argue that the key to understanding the speech is Alcibiades’ use of irony. If we pay attention to the ironic elements in the speech, Alcibiades’ “praise” of Socrates turns out to be a witty deconstruction of Socrates’ self-image. Socrates emerges not as an otherworldly saint who has acquired all the cardinal virtues but rather as a human who tries to integrate eros within his life.
The materiality of automobility

Lindsey Green-Simms (2017) has written a fine book. For me there were perhaps three chapters where I was most impressed with that sense of new, strong thinking – those dealing with Francophone cine...
Microwave power detection using ferroelectric thin film varactors

AbstractFerroelectric, barium strontium titanate thin film varactors have been used to rectify and detect microwave signals with frequencies ranging from 2 GHz to 3 GHz. Anharmonic dipolar resonant...
Untapped viral diversity in global soil metagenomes

Abstract Viruses outnumber every other biological entity on Earth, and soil viruses are particularly diverse compared to other habitats. However, we have limited understanding of soil viruses because of the tremendous variation in soil ecosystems and because of the lack of appropriate screening tools. Here, we determined the global distribution of more than 24,000 soil viral sequences and their potential hosts, including >1,600 sequences associated with giant viruses. The viral sequences, derived from 668 terrestrial metagenomes, greatly extend existing knowledge of soil viral diversity and viral biogeographical distribution. We screened these sequences to identify a suite of cosmopolitan auxiliary metabolic genes (AMGs) encoding enzymes involved in soil organic carbon decomposition across soil biomes. Additionally, we provide evidence for viral facilitation of multi-domain linkages in soils by locating a fungal chitosanase in bacteriophages, generating a new paradigm of how viruses can serve as exchange vectors of carbon metabolism across domains of life.
Patterns of survival in patients with recurrent mantle cell lymphoma in the modern era: progressive shortening in response duration and survival after each relapse.

As the survival of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) continues to improve, patients are increasingly being treated with multiple regimens. However, outcome after each line remains poorly characterized in the modern era. To address this knowledge gap, we retrospectively studied 404 consecutive MCL patients who were managed between 2000 and 2014 at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. Histologic diagnosis was centrally confirmed, and patients were followed longitudinally from diagnosis throughout their disease course. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were determined by Kaplan–Meier method. The median OS and PFS after first-line treatment were 9.7 and 4.0 years, respectively. After second-line therapy, the median OS and PFS were 41.1 and 14.0 months, third line were 25.2 and 6.5 months, and fourth line were 14.4 and 5.0 months. In patients less than 65 years, stem cell transplant (SCT)-based frontline regimens were associated with improved PFS compared with non-SCT regimens (median PFS: 86.2 versus 40.0 months; P < 0.01), with a trend toward longer OS (median OS: 165.0 versus 120.0 months; P = 0.06). Early treatment failure after first-line regimens was associated with worse OS (5.9 versus 2.5 years; P < 0.01). Our study should facilitate establishing proper endpoints for future clinical trials using novel treatment approaches.
Reversion and non-reversion mechanisms of resistance (MoR) to PARP inhibitor (PARPi) or platinum chemotherapy (chemotx) in patients (pts) with BRCA1/2-mutant metastatic breast cancer (MBC).

1085Background: Little is known about MoR to PARPi and platinum chemotx in MBC pts with BRCA1/2 mutations. Biomarkers predictive of response/resistance have not been identified, but could have clin...
Isotopic analysis of newly discovered fragments of an Ulúa Valley marble vase at the ancient Maya site of Pacbitun, Belize

Abstract The discovery of carved marble fragments with a Late Classic-to-Terminal Classic period (550–900 CE) elite burial in the center of a courtyard at the ancient Maya site of Pacbitun, Belize adds to the corpus of Ulua Valley marble vases fragments found in the Maya lowlands. Confirmation of the vase's origins by both style and stable carbon and oxygen isotope analysis shows that the likely source of production is the archaeological site of Travesia in northwest Honduras. In addition to the implications for trade and political connections between the archaeological sites in Belize and Honduras, the direct association of the vase fragments to a potentially desecrated burial highlights some interesting questions about local politics at Pacbitun, Belize.
Diagnostic Performance of Prostate Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging in African-American Men.

ABSTRACT Objective To compare test performance of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) for detection of prostate cancer (PCa) in African-American men (AAM) and white men (WM) using the Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System in unmatched groups as well as a cohort matched for clinical factors. Methods We examined our database of men who underwent prostate mpMRI prior to biopsy between October 2014 and June 2017 (n = 601; 60 AAM, 541 WM). Test performance was defined using Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System classification 4 or 5 considered test positive and Gleason grade group 2 or greater from any biopsy core considered outcome positive. A subset analysis was performed using a propensity score caliper matching algorithm to match AAM to WM in a 1:2 ratio using the variables age, PSA, and PSA density. Results No significant differences in test performance were found with similar sensitivity (86.7% vs 83.6, P = 1.00), specificity (45.9% vs 49.1%, P = .71), positive predictive value (50.0% vs 46.9%), and negative predictive value (85.0% vs 84.8%, P = 1.00) for AAM and WM. Similar results were noted in our matched comparison. The rate of upgrading between targeted and systematic biopsy cores did not statistically differ between AAM and WM in both unmatched (12.2% vs. 15.8%, P = .66) and matched (12.2% vs 12.8%, P = .92) comparisons. Conclusion Our findings provide supporting evidence that AAM have similar outcomes to WM in PCa detection using mpMRI. We suggest that mpMRI should not be withheld or offered preferentially on the basis of race when used for the detection of PCa.
Effectiveness of Methenamine for UTI Prevention in Older Adults

Background: Methenamine is a drug used for the prevention of lower urinary tract infections (UTIs). However, efficacy has not been established in older adults or patients with varying degrees of kidney function. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of methenamine for the prevention of UTI in adults 60 years and older. Methods: This was a retrospective, pre-post, observational study. The study included primary care patients 60 years and older who were taking methenamine between January 1, 2015, and September 30, 2018. The primary outcome was the time to first UTI after methenamine initiation compared with the average time between UTIs in the 12 months prior to methenamine initiation. Results: Of 434 patients reviewed, 150 met inclusion criteria. The average time to UTI was 3.3 months prior to methenamine initiation compared with 5.5 months after methenamine initiation (P = 0.0004). There were 33 patients (22%) who did not have a UTI after methenamine initiation. Also, 14 patients (9.3%) had a calculated CrCl <30 mL/min at baseline. The average time to UTI in these patients was 3.3 months prior to methenamine initiation compared with 12.7 months after initiation (P < 0.0001). Conclusion and Relevance: Methenamine use was associated with a longer time to UTI in older adults with varying degrees of kidney function. The effectiveness of methenamine appeared to be similar regardless of kidney function, which is new evidence. Because of a lack of acquired resistance, methenamine may be an effective option for UTI prophylaxis in older adults.
Chronic Sheehan’s Syndrome – A Differential to be Considered in Clinical Practice in Women with a History of Postpartum Hemorrhage

Sheehan's syndrome is hypopituitarism due to pituitary gland necrosis resulting from hemorrhagic shock during pregnancy. It is a rare complication with varied manifestations and a considerable delay in diagnosis. We describe the case of a 36-year-old female with eight years of non-specific symptoms of generalized myalgias and intense fatigue managed symptomatically all these years. Further clinical assessment revealed amenorrhea and agalactia ongoing for several years without a clinical diagnosis. A good history and physical led to the diagnosis during a routine outpatient visit. She had significant improvement noted following the commencement of treatment. Previous case reports describe cases being diagnosed after one or other complications from long-term panhypopituitarism. Through this case, we want to illustrate that undiagnosed Sheehan's syndrome is associated with long-term morbidity, and there should be a high index of suspicion for it to be diagnosed during a routine clinical visit and thus prevent complications before a diagnosis can be made. It is essential to create awareness, especially in developed countries like the United States, where it has received less attention over the last few years.
Barrier Synchronization vs. Voltage Noise: A Quantitative Analysis*

Synchronization is the key to guaranteeing correct execution of parallel programs at any scale. Barriers represent heavily used synchronization primitives which prevent parallel tasks from proceeding to subsequent stages of computation before all tasks are done with previous stages. Accordingly, all tasks wait at a barrier until the slowest tasks finish, at which point all tasks can proceed to the next stage of computation. This usually translates into an abrupt change in the activity, i.e., current demand from the power delivery network, and if not orchestrated properly, can easily lead to voltage emergencies. In this study we characterize the impact of different barrier structures on voltage noise.
A Simplified Predictive Tool for Design and Analysis of SET-LRP Reactions with Mechanistic Insight

Single-electron transfer (SET)-living radical polymerization (LRP) is a robust, fast, “green,” grafting method, similar but different from atom transfer radical polymerization, that operates at amb...
Examining Transdiagnostic Factors among Firefighters in Relation to Trauma Exposure, Probable PTSD, and Probable Alcohol Use Disorder.

Firefighters represent a distinct group of first responders that are at heightened risk of developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD). Assessing the role of tran...
Orthopaedic provider perceptions of virtual care : which providers prefer virtual care?

Aims The purpose of our study was to determine which groups of orthopaedic providers favour virtual care, and analyze overall orthopaedic provider perceptions of virtual care. We hypothesize that p...
Introduction to values and pluralism in the environmental sciences: From inferences to institutions.

Abstract Philosophers of science continue to elaborate our understanding of the roles that values play in scientific reasoning, practice, and institutions. This special issue focuses on the environmental sciences, a mosaic of fields ranging from restoration ecology to forestry to climatology, unified by its attention to the relationships between humans and their habitats. It is a field that revolves around ameliorating environmental problems, aiming to support the provision of social goods and provide guidance to policymakers about how to regulate individuals and industries. Values abound in such judgments as setting the boundaries of an ecosystem, integrating the human dimensions of social-ecological systems, and collaborating with stakeholders. Since few in the field are likely to insist that these judgments can be made without reference to social values, environmental science can serve as fertile ground for exploring the ethical, social, and political terrain at the frontier of the science and values discourse.
Improved Spark Ignition Engine Efficiency through Lean Turbocharged Operation

A production turbocharged V-6 engine of 3.8 liter (231 cu. in.) displacement volume was used in this study of lean turbocharged operation. The engine was modified for lean operation (A/F = 19-20:1) and manual control of the fuel flow, compressor discharge pressure, and EGR rates. Test conditions included loads and speeds to simulate road-load and 4% grade operating conditions, as well as constant intake manifold pressure tests. The results from the test program indicated that lean turbocharged operation has a potential for increased efficiency and reduced NOx emissions if operated at brake mean effective pressures of 500 kPa and above. For these operating conditions, HC and CO emissions are comparable to those of the naturally aspirated engine. NOx emissions were reduced by up to 50% over those for the naturally aspirated engine with EGR. Efficiency increases of up to 3 points (10%) were observed. Satisfactory detonation control for engines operating at these conditions will require comprehensive control of equivalence ratio, spark timing, and compressor discharge pressure.
Low-power and low-voltage x-band silicongermanium heterojunction bipolar transistor low-noise amplifier

The power consumption of the low-noise amplifier (LNA) in radio frequency (RF) front-ends is a crucial design consideration in most wireless systems. In this study, an ultra-low-power and low-voltage LNA is implemented in a 200 nm, 150 GHz peak fT silicon-germanium (SiGe) heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) BiCMOS process technology. For the first time, the performance of the LNA is compared with the SiGe HBT biased in both the conventional forward-active mode and the weak-saturation (WS) mode. In the WS mode, the LNA delivers a gain of 8.5 dB at 10 GHz with a noise figure of 3.1 dB, while consuming only 0.5 mW dc power, yielding a gain per dc power consumption figure-of-merit of 17 dB/mW.
XML-based MPEG-4 video representation and error resilience

The Extensible Markup Language (XML) provides a simple yet flexible syntax to describe document structures. The use of XML for MPEG-4 video representation is first examined in this research. Then, the XML-based error resilience technology is investigated. It is demonstrated that XML-based MPEG-4 video improves the streaming performance significantly due to its strong error resilient capability.
On non-linear serial dependencies in stock returns

Abstract This paper considers the H&P tests of linearity and Gaussianity of daily stock returns, and their implications for non-linear models of those returns.
Feedback-controlled laser fabrication of micromirrors

Micromirror templates of uniform size were created on silica chips and fibers by a feedback-controlled laser ablation process. The templates were coated with a high reflectivity dielectric coating and assembled into high-finesse microcavities.
On the release of the formyl group from nascent protein

Extracts from Escherichia coli and Bacillus stearothermophilus contain enzymes which liberate amino groups from formylmethionyl peptides. Both extracts cleave formyl-Met-Ala-Ser to yield formate and Met-Ala-Ser, but not formylmethionine, as products. A number of formylmethionyl peptides are hydrolyzed much faster than other formyl peptides, acetyl-Met-Ala or formylmethionine. Furthermore, a protein fraction from E. coli which contains the peptide deformylase removes formate from protein made in vitro. These findings argue that the function of the peptide deformylases is to remove the formyl group from nascent protein. Another enzyme in the E. coli extract hydrolyzes formylmethionine, but the presence of this enzyme probably is not significant, because it has been identified as acetylornithine deacetylase. The peptide deformylase of E. coli is quite labile under a variety of experimental conditions and is inhibited strongly by thiols; so far the instability has prevented any significant purification.
Vlasov Theory in Newtonian Gravity: Approach to Equilibrium, Phase Transitions, Gravothermal Catastrophe, and the Expanding Universe

Abstract The Vlasov, or collisionless Boltzmann, equation provides an important tool for understanding the behavior of gravitational systems. In this review I will describe four applications of Vlasov theory that have contributed to this understanding, and provide comparisons with dynamical simulations for each. (1) The first gravitational computer simulations modeled one‐dimensional systems that, formally consist of infinite parallel mass planes moving perpendicular to their surface. Since the Vlasov limit is singular, in common with the Fermi–Pasta–Ulam system, the approach to equilibrium is problematic. I will describe how Vlasov theory was used to ascertain the approach to equilibrium of a planar system consisting of two different mass components. (2) Observations of galaxy positions strongly suggest that matter in the universe has a type of fractal geometry. I will use the time dependent Vlasov equation to show how stretching occurs in the phase space of an expanding universe, resulting in the format...
Synthesis of methylated benzo[b]fluoranthenes and benzo[k]fluoranthenes

Synthese des methyl-1(-3,-7,-8,-9,-12)-, dimethyl-1,3(-5,6) benzo [b] fluoranthenes et des methyl-2(-8,-9)- et dimethyl-7,12-benzo [k] fluoranthenes. Relation structure-activite carcinogene
Association Between Net Basin Supplies to Lake Superior and Supplies to the Lower Great Lakes

Abstract Eigenvector analysis was carried out on monthly net basin supplies for the Great Lakes for the period 1900-1973. The results show that the supplies to Lake Superior are to a large degree uncorrelated with those to the lower lakes. However, very large supply anomalies tend to be of the same sign basin-wide and can persist for several seasons.
Bile-induced acute erosive gastritis. Its prevention by antacid, cholestyramine, and prostaglandin E2.

Intragastric administration of whole bile-produced acute erosive gastritis in rats. Concomitant intragastric administration of prostaglandin E2, Cholestyramine and an antacid (Maalox) was effective in preventing this type of acute erosive gastritis. The protective effect of prostaglandin E 2 − in this regard was significantly more marked as compared to Cholestyramine and Maalox.
Is manufacturability with double patterning a burden on designer? Analyses of device and circuit aspects

Pitch-splitting type of double-patterning lithography is a necessity for critical layers for sub-22 nm technologies. Double patterning lithography techniques require additional masks to manufacture a single device layer. Consequently, double-patterning lithography brings overlay as a challenge that introduces additional variability to gate-to-contact coupling capacitances, device lengths, and contact resistances. These additional variability sources may negatively impact circuit performance. In this work, we provide analysis of digital and analog circuit blocks designed in 20 nm. We demonstrate the impact due to overlay-impacted change in resistance of self-aligned contacts. Furthermore, we provide layout optimization guidelines to reduce the impact of overlay. We demonstrate our methodology using TCAD and circuit simulations. We show that overlay impact may not be negligible, and pessimism reduction techniques should utilize suggested analysis and optimization methods.
Observations of n = 3 → n′ = 4 transitions in the Mg i and Si i sequences for elements chromium through zinc

Extreme ultraviolet spectra of 3p2-3p4d and 3p3d-3p4f transition arrays in twelve- and fourteen-electron ions, which differ by only a closed 3s2 subshell, are investigated in more detail than hitherto obtained for the elements chromium through zinc. The spectra were obtained with a two-meter vacuum spectrograph using a high-voltage spark source. Single- and multi-configuration calculations were carried out to compare predictions obtained for different model assumptions, and for the two different sequences.
Pharmacokinetics of Iodoxamic Acid in Rhesus Monkey: Biliary Excretion, Plasma Protein Binding, and Enterohepatic Circulation

The previously reported steady-state method allowed estimation of the capacity-limited pharmacokinetics of the cholangiographic agent, iodipamide. To circumvent the long time period required to establish each steady-state level, a dynamic method was applied to the study of the rate processes involved in the hepatic uptake and biliary excretion of a new cholangiographic agent, iodoxamic acid, in rhesus monkeys. The dynamic method has the advantage that the pharmacokinetic parameters involved in capacity-limited hepatic uptake or biliary excretion can be obtained from a single infusion experiment. The Vmax was 1.03 ± 0.25 μmoles/kg/min (mean ± SD); Km varied from animal to animal and ranged from 1.5 to 16.4 μM. Protein binding was estimated using equilibrium dialysis. The Freundlich isotherm yielded a linear plot when the natural logarithm of unbound iodoxamic acid concentration in plasma was plotted against the natural logarithm of its blood concentration. The plasma protein binding data also could be fitted to the Langmuir isotherm, presuming two independent classes of binding.
ATP and other nucleotide interaction with model compounds of amino acids.

Abstract With the use of a new liquid scintillation technique, the partitioning and interfacial interaction of 3 H-ATP and other adenine nucleotides to various amphiphiles has been studied. The amphiphiles consisted of lipophilic groups attached to amino acid residues or certain functional groups and were as follows: trimethylindole, octadecylamine, octadecyl alcohol, dodecylguanidine, stearylamide, acetododecyl amide, p-nonyl phenol, stearyl mercaputan, stearic acid, and imidazole. A toluene solution containing the lipophilic substance and fluor molecules was layered onto aqueous solutions containing a 3 H-nucleotide, and the interaction followed by the liquid scintillation technique. A strong interaction with the nucleotides occurred with dodecylguanidine, octadecylamine, and trimethylindole, while the interaction with the other amphiphiles was slight or absent. The time course of the interaction followed first order kinetics irrespective of the number of reactive species; the rate of diffusion of the nucleotide being the rate-determining step. The technique permitted a simple analysis of formation constants; which for ATP were 1–2 orders of magnitude greater than for ADP and AMP. In the presence of Ca 2+ , but not Mg 2+ , an interaction occurred between ATP and either stearic acid, stearyl mercaputan, and p-nonyl phenol. On the other hand, in the presence of Mg 2+ , but not Ca 2+ , an interaction occurred between stearic acid and polyadenylic acid. The results are discussed in relation to ATP interactions with proteins and lipids.
Progressive encephalitis three months after resolution of cutaneous zoster a patient with AIDS

A 37-year-old homosexual man with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) developed progressive, ultimately fatal, neurological deficits 12 weeks after a course of cutaneous zoster. Premortem radiological procedures and cerebrospnal fluid analyses were nondiagnostic. At postmortem examination, several opportunistic infections associated with AIDS were recognized. Throughout the brain, necrotic and demyelinative lesions were present, suggestive of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. However, light microscopical examination showed numerous Cowdry type A intranuclear inclusions in astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and neurons near the periphery of the lesions. Herpes zoster encephalomyelitis was diagnosed and confirmed by electron microscopy, peroxidase–antiperoxidase staining, and by Southern blot analysis of DNA extracted from brain tissue. This case provides insight into the pathogenesis of zoster-associated encephalomyelitis and suggests another agent to be considered in the differential diagnosis of encephalopathy in patients with AIDS and other disorders of immunological impairment.