cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
CHAPTER 56 – Antiangiogenesis

This chapter discusses the finding of tumors that depend on angiogenesis for sustained growth that has prompted intense investigation into the biology of angiogenesis, and the pharmacology of anti-angiogenic agents. Angiogenesis refers to the growth of new capillaries from pre-existing blood vessels. This process is required for a variety of physiologic processes, including normal growth and development, reproduction, and wound healing. These efforts have brought anti-angiogenesis to clinical trials for patients with cancer, and offer promise for non-neoplastic diseases, including arthritis, and several causes of blindness. Exponential progress in the field of molecular analysis, and diagnostics is likely to enhance understanding of the basic biology of angiogenesis, and its inhibition. Meanwhile, the results of the ongoing clinical trials discussed in the chapter are eagerly anticipated. Further study into the use of anti-angiogenic agents as a part of multimodality therapy, the administration of adjuvant antiangiogenic therapy, and the clinical development of antiangiogenic gene therapy, helps to define the role antiangiogenesis that have in the armamentarium of the clinician.
Theoretical study of leaky-mode resonant gratings for improving the absorption efficiency of the uncooled mid-infrared photodetectors

In this work, we studied a new theoretical approach to enhance the PbSe-based uncooled photodetector's performance in the mid-infrared (mid-IR) wavelength region. A one-dimensional grating layer was proposed to be implemented and inserted under the PbSe photosensitive layer. Due to the leaky-mode resonance tuning mechanism, this grating layer could manipulate mid-IR light-and-matter interactions in a unique way. It not only prevents the light transmission loss from the backside of the device but also tunes the destructive interference in the reflectance spectra, which consequently maximize the light absorption in the weak-absorbing energy band-tail region. By combining these two capabilities, it is possible to improve detector's sensitivity significantly. With this goal, several grating parameters including grating period, fill factor, and grating thickness were systematically investigated and optimized by using the rigorous coupled wave analysis method. Through the optimization, a 33% broadband absorption enhancement was achieved by using a Si (n = 3.489)/SiO2 grating on a soda-lime glass (n = 1.45) substrate with the listed parameters: grating period = 2.4 μm, fill factor = 0.49, and thickness = 1.22 μm. Apparently, this simple and effective method could practically advance the uncooled mid-IR PbSe detector's performance. But more importantly, this photonic-design concept can be used in and impact many other light-matter interaction related research fields.
Role of Frailty and Comorbidity in Determination of Operability for Patients With Oral and Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

To review the role of frailty and comorbidities in determining operability and associated outcomes in patients with oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Frailty and comorbidity have been linked to multiple adverse outcome measures including risk of mortality, surgical complications, length of stay, intensity of care needs, discharge disposition, risk of readmission, and cost of healthcare delivery. There are diverse objective and validated measures of comorbidity and frailty. Addition of comorbidity and objective frailty measurements has been demonstrated to improve predictive power of nomograms and clinical staging systems for patients with oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. The use of predictive tools that assess frailty may contribute to shared decision making, realistic expectations, and facilitation of appropriate level of care. While emerging literature supports the role of prehabilitation, there is paucity of data in support of such interventions for patients afflicted by oral and oropharyngeal cancer. Frailty assesses operability beyond anatomic resectability and incorporates key determinants of physical, nutritional, and cognitive well-being. Objective measurements of frailty predict meaningful outcomes following surgery for cancers of the oral cavity and oropharynx. This paper suggests that clinicians should objectively and routinely assess frailty, which may facilitate patient counseling, improved risk stratification, informed decision making, and further research to elucidate relationship of frailty with outcomes in head and neck specific populations.
Power domination on permutation graphs

Abstract We consider the problem of power domination as applied to permutation graphs on cycles, regarding the minimum number of phase measurement units needed to observe such a graph. We calculate this number for certain sizes of such graphs, and provide support for a conjecture regarding graphs of arbitrary size.
Serious-Illness Care 2.0 — Meeting the Needs of Patients with Heart Failure

Meeting the Needs of Patients with Heart Failure Palliative and hospice care remain underused for patients with heart failure. In the next phase of serious-illness care, care delivery innovations c...
Advances in T-cell Immunotherapies

Cell therapies have become an important part of clinical hematology and oncology. Cell therapy laboratories were first established in academic health centers to process ABO-incompatible marrow grafts. These laboratories now produce a wide variety of cell and gene therapies. Some of the most widely used and clinically important cell therapies are T-cell immunotherapies. These therapies include donor lymphocyte infusions, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, T-cell receptor-engineered T cells, chimeric antigen receptor T cells, and virus-specific T cells. The clinical application and methods used to manufacture these adoptive cell therapies are reviewed.
The Association of Pain Phenotype with Neuromuscular Impairments and Mobility Limitations Among Older Primary Care Patients: A Secondary Analysis of the Boston Rehabilitative Impairment Study of the Elderly

BACKGROUND Clarifying the relationship between pain phenotypes and physical function in older adults may enhance screening and treatment for functional decline in primary care settings. OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of more severe pain phenotypes with neuromuscular impairments or mobility limitations among older community-dwelling primary care patients. DESIGN Cross-sectional analysis. SETTING The Boston Rehabilitative Impairment Study of the Elderly. PARTICIPANTS Adults aged 65 years or older. METHODS We counted the number of musculoskeletal pain locations (none, single site, multisite, or widespread) using the McGill Pain Questionnaire and identified pain intensity tertiles using the Brief Pain Inventory. Neuromuscular attributes (trunk extensor muscle endurance, and leg speed, strength, strength asymmetry, and range of motion) and mobility (Short Physical Performance Battery [SPPB]) were assessed with performance-based measures. Additionally, self-reported mobility was measured on the Late Life Function and Disability Instrument (LLFDI). For neuromuscular attributes and LLFDI, scores in the lowest tertile indicated neuromuscular impairment or mobility limitations, respectively. For SPPB, a score <7 (of 12) indicated severe mobility limitations. RESULTS Among 430 participants (mean age = 77) most were female (68%), white (83%), and had either multisite (50%) or widespread (14%) pain. After adjusting for baseline characteristics, widespread pain (compared to none) was associated with slow leg speed (adjusted odds ratio, 95% confidence interval: aOR = 2.33, 1.03-5.27), limited ankle range of motion (aOR = 2.15, 1.03-4.47) and mobility limitations on LLFDI (aOR = 3.85, 1.81-8.19). Being in the highest pain intensity tertile, versus lowest tertile, was associated with poor trunk extensor muscle endurance (aOR = 2.49, 1.41-4.39), limited ankle range of motion (aOR = 2.15, 1.25-3.71), and mobility limitations on SPPB (aOR = 2.56, 1.45-4.52), and LLFDI (aOR = 4.70, 2.63-8.40). CONCLUSIONS Among ambulatory, older primary care patients, more severe pain phenotypes are associated with neuromuscular impairments identified on physical testing and mobility limitations on validated measures.
Broadband 200-nm second-harmonic generation in silicon in the telecom band.

Silicon is well known for its strong third-order optical nonlinearity, exhibiting efficient supercontinuum and four-wave mixing processes. A strong second-order effect that is naturally inhibited in silicon can also be observed, for example, by electrically breaking the inversion symmetry and quasi-phase matching the pump and the signal. To generate an efficient broadband second-harmonic signal, however, the most promising technique requires matching the group velocities of the pump and the signal. In this work, we utilize dispersion engineering of a silicon waveguide to achieve group velocity matching between the pump and the signal, along with an additional degree of freedom to broaden the second harmonic through the strong third-order nonlinearity. We demonstrate that the strong self-phase modulation and cross-phase modulation in silicon help broaden the second harmonic by 200 nm in the O-band. Furthermore, we show a waveguide design that can be used to generate a second-harmonic signal in the entire near-infrared region. Our work paves the way for various applications, such as efficient and broadband complementary-metal oxide semiconductor based on—chip frequency synthesizers, entangled photon pair generators, and optical parametric oscillators. Advances in silicon engineering now allow waveguides to deliver frequency doubled light across the entire near-infrared spectrum, an important range for biological imaging and optical communication. Second-harmonic generation, which is normally restricted in silicon because of its underlying crystal symmetry, can be observed by applying strong electric field in silicon, however, the spectral response remains quite narrow to a few nanometers. Neetesh Singh from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, in Cambridge, United States, and colleagues report a very broadband response of 100s of nanometers using silicon waveguides containing rows of diode junctions. When an electric field is applied to the waveguide, the diodes disrupt the typical silicon symmetry and enable second-harmonic generation from a pump laser. Modifying the cross section of the waveguide to ensure that pump and signal pulses travel though the waveguide at similar velocities enabled generation of frequency doubled light with a broader bandwidth than seen with current silicon or any other material based microstructures.
A Critical Review of Institutional Theory in Marketing: An Abstract

It has long been established that marketing science benefits from borrowing theories from other disciplines (Alderson 1957). One such organization theory that can inform marketing studies is institutional theory (Hult 2011). This study provides a critical review of marketing articles that draw on institutional theory as a theoretical lens and are published in top marketing journals. Specifically, it assesses the state of institutional theory in marketing to identify gaps and directions for future research.
Predicting achievement and providing support before STEM majors begin to fail

Abstract Prediction models that underlie “early warning systems” need improvement. Some predict outcomes using entrenched, unchangeable characteristics (e.g., socioeconomic status) and others rely on performance on early assignments to predict the final grades to which they contribute. Behavioral predictors of learning outcomes often accrue slowly, to the point that time needed to produce accurate predictions leaves little time for intervention. We aimed to improve on these methods by testing whether we could predict performance in a large lecture course using only students’ digital behaviors in weeks prior to the first exam. Early prediction based only on malleable behaviors provides time and opportunity to advise students on ways to alter study and improve performance. Thereafter, we took the not-yet-common step of applying this model and testing whether providing digital learning support to those predicted to perform poorly can improve their achievement. Using learning management system log data, we tested models composed of theory-aligned behaviors using multiple algorithms and obtained a model that accurately predicted poor grades. Our algorithm correctly identified 75% of students who failed to earn the grade of B or better needed to advance to the next course. We applied this model the next semester to predict achievement levels and provided a digital learning strategy intervention to students predicted to perform poorly. Those who accessed advice outperformed classmates on subsequent exams, and more students who accessed the advice achieved the B needed to move forward in their major than those who did not access advice.
Not Yet Time to Abandon Cervical Collars in Blunt Trauma

In the evidence-based summary by Serigano et al. (Ref 1.) published in this issue of Academic Emergency Medicine under the Brass Tacks series, the authors critically appraise the evidence for the long-standing practice of prehospital and emergency department cervical spinal motion restriction (SMR) in blunt trauma patients. They highlight the absence of class I data demonstrating a benefit and describe some of the potentially harmful side effects of cervical collars.
Authoritarianism, or the Decline of Democracy in America

If read immediately after the U.S. presidential election of November 4, 2020, which resulted in the decisive victory of Joe Biden and the democratic party, followed by Donald Trump’s refusal to con...
RNNSLAM: Reconstructing the 3D colon to visualize missing regions during a colonoscopy

Abstract Colonoscopy is the gold standard for pre-cancerous polyps screening and treatment. The polyp detection rate is highly tied to the percentage of surveyed colonic surface. However, current colonoscopy technique cannot guarantee that all the colonic surface is well examined because of incomplete camera orientations and of occlusions. The missing regions can hardly be noticed in a continuous first-person perspective. Therefore, a useful contribution would be an automatic system that can compute missing regions from an endoscopic video in real-time and alert the endoscopists when a large missing region is detected. We present a novel method that reconstructs dense chunks of a 3D colon in real time, leaving the unsurveyed part unreconstructed. The method combines a standard SLAM system with a depth and pose prediction network to achieve much more robust tracking and less drift. It addresses the difficulties for colonoscopic images of existing simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) systems and end-to-end deep learning methods.
A systematic evaluation of the computational tools for lncRNA identification

The computational identification of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) is important to study lncRNAs and their functions. Despite the existence of many computation tools for lncRNA identification, to our knowledge, there is no systematic evaluation of these tools on common datasets and no consensus regarding their performance and the importance of the features used. To fill this gap, in this study, we assessed the performance of 17 tools on several common datasets. We also investigated the importance of the features used by the tools. We found that the deep learning-based tools have the best performance in terms of identifying lncRNAs, and the peptide features do not contribute much to the tool accuracy. Moreover, when the transcripts in a cell type were considered, the performance of all tools significantly dropped, and the deep learning-based tools were no longer as good as other tools. Our study will serve as an excellent starting point for selecting tools and features for lncRNA identification.
Liver Organoid and T Cell Coculture Models Cytotoxic T Cell Responses against Hepatitis C Virus

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) remains a global public health challenge with an estimated 71 million people chronically infected, with surges in new cases and no effective vaccine. New methods are needed to study the human immune response to HCV since in vivo animal models are limited and in vitro cancer cell models often show dysregulated immune and proliferative responses. Here we developed a CD8+ T cell and adult stem cell liver organoid system using a microfluidic chip to coculture 3D human liver organoids embedded in extracellular matrix with HLA-matched primary human T cells in suspension. We then employed automated phase contrast and immunofluorescence imaging to monitor T cell invasion and morphological changes in the liver organoids. This microfluidic coculture system supports targeted killing of liver organoids when pulsed with a peptide specific for HCV nonstructural protein 3 (NS3) (KLVALGINAV) in the presence of patient-derived CD8+ T cells specific for KLVALGINAV. This demonstrates the novel potential of the coculture system to molecularly study adaptive immune responses to HCV in an in vitro setting using primary human cells.
Analyzing and Improving the Optimization Landscape of Noise-Contrastive Estimation

Noise-contrastive estimation (NCE) is a statistically consistent method for learning unnormalized probabilistic models. It has been empirically observed that the choice of the noise distribution is crucial for NCE's performance. However, such observations have never been made formal or quantitative. In fact, it is not even clear whether the difficulties arising from a poorly chosen noise distribution are statistical or algorithmic in nature. In this work, we formally pinpoint reasons for NCE's poor performance when an inappropriate noise distribution is used. Namely, we prove these challenges arise due to an ill-behaved (more precisely, flat) loss landscape. To address this, we introduce a variant of NCE called "eNCE" which uses an exponential loss and for which normalized gradient descent addresses the landscape issues provably when the target and noise distributions are in a given exponential family.
Adolescents’ Frequency of Alcohol Use and Problems from Alcohol Abuse: Integrating Dating Partners with Parent and Peer Influences

Despite the centrality of dating relationships for teens, it is unclear whether the influence of romantic partners’ alcohol use on adolescents’ under-age drinking is distinct from the influence of peers and parents. To address this gap, this study used longitudinal data from a population-based sample of 825 adolescents (49% male, 51% female), ages 12 to 19. Adolescents completed a survey using laptops for privacy, and a parent completed a survey separately. Ordinary least squares and logistic regression models assessed alcohol use frequency and alcohol problems and included dating partners’ drinking, adolescents’ prior drinking, peers’ drinking, parents’ substance use, parental monitoring, and sociodemographic background characteristics. Alcohol use frequency and alcohol problems were influenced by dating partners’ alcohol use and dating partners’ influence was stronger on older adolescents and male adolescents. The study results are useful for public health messaging and prevention efforts by demonstrating the influence of parents, peers, and dating partners on teens’ alcohol use.
Stochastic Dynamical Systems

We turn to a semidynamical system which is generated by a Markov process. Here again we obtain, in general, a non-differentiable system.
Overview of Ergogenic Properties of Hypnosis

(1980). Overview of Ergogenic Properties of Hypnosis. Journal of Physical Education and Recreation: Vol. 51, No. 2, pp. 53-54.
The Cost of Racial Animus on a Black Presidential Candidate: Using Google Search Data to Find What Surveys Miss

How can we know how much racial animus costs a black candidate if few will admit such socially unacceptable attitudes to surveys? I suggest a new proxy for an area’s racial animus from a non-survey source: the percent of Google search queries that include racially charged language. I compare the proxy to Barack Obama’s 2008 and 2012 vote shares, controlling for the vote share of the 2004 Democratic presidential candidate, John Kerry. Previous research using a similar specification but survey proxies for racial attitudes yielded little evidence that racial attitudes affected Obama. An area’s racially charged search rate, in contrast, is a robust negative predictor of Obama’s vote share. Continuing racial animus in the United States appears to have cost Obama roughly four percentage points of the national popular vote in both 2008 and 2012, giving his opponent the equivalent of a home-state advantage nationally.
Macroeconomic factors and financial statements: Asset writedowns during recessions

I examine the asset write-down decisions of firms during recessions. These decisions are jointly determined by a decline in asset value and by managers’ reporting incentives, both of which are affected in recessions. The two sources of asset value, value in use and value in exchange, decline simultaneously in recessions. Consequently, for a given decline in sales the probability of writing down assets in recessions increases by an additional one and a half times that of writing down in expansions. Managers with ‘bloated balance sheets’ that is, who have used their accounting discretion to report higher earnings in past are at least two times more likely to write down in recessions than in expansions. I do not find that asset write-downs by industry leaders in the previous quarter are more likely to lead to asset write-downs in recessions as compared to expansions. I also find that while the probability of write-downs decreases for highly levered, weak firms in recessions–firms that are less likely to get covenant violations waived – it increases for highly levered, strong firms. The key implication of my results is that it is essential to incorporate the broader context in which accounting choices are made when evaluating managers’ reporting decisions.
Manufacturing of 3D microstructures using novel UPSAMS process (ultra precision manufacturing of self-assembled micro systems)

This paper introduces a new microfabrication technique, Ultraprecision Manufacturing of Self-Assembled Micro-Systems (UPSAMS), which combines ultraprecision micromachining, such as milling, turning, drilling, and grinding with sacrificial/structural multilayer manufacturing processes to produce self-assembled, 3D microsystems and associated mesoscale interfaces from a variety of materials for MEMS applications. With this process, a new class of microsystems can be developed that is highly three dimensional, precisely machined, and automatically assembled.
Integrated personalized video summarization and retrieval

We propose an integrated and personalized video retrieval and summarization system. We estimate and impose appropriate preference values on affinity propagation graph of the video frames. Then, our system produces the summary which is useful for the user in her/his relevance feedback and for the retrieval module for comparing video pairs. The experiments confirm the effectiveness of our approach for various query types.
A Comparative Evaluation of Anomaly Detectors under Portscan Attacks

Since the seminal 1998/1999 DARPA evaluations of intrusion detection systems, network attacks have evolved considerably. In particular, after the CodeRed worm of 2001, the volume and sophistication of self-propagating malicious code threats have been increasing at an alarming rate. Many anomaly detectors have been proposed, especially in the past few years, to combat these new and emerging network attacks. At this time, it is important to evaluate existing anomaly detectors to determine and learn from their strengths and shortcomings. In this paper, we evaluate the performance of eight prominent network-based anomaly detectors under malicious portscan attacks. These ADSs are evaluated on four criteria: accuracy (ROC curves), scalability (with respect to varying normal and attack traffic rates, and deployment points), complexity (CPU and memory requirements during training and classification,) and detection delay. These criteria are evaluated using two independently collected datasets with complementary strengths. Our results show that a few of the anomaly detectors provide high accuracy on one of the two datasets, but are unable to scale their accuracy across the datasets. Based on our experiments, we identify promising guidelines to improve the accuracy and scalability of existing and future anomaly detectors.
Differences Making a Difference: Cross-Cultural Interactions in Supervisory Relationships

Summary As the field of family therapy continues to gain exposure both in the U.S. and abroad, family therapists and their supervisors are increasingly likely to come from diverse cultural backgrounds. This study examines how differences in culture of origin influence supervisory relationships. Twelve individual interviews were conducted with six supervisors and six supervisees who had worked with one or more supervisees or supervisors whose culture of origin differed from their own. The descriptive data was analyzed using the method of constant comparison. Results reflect cross-cultural supervisees' acclimation to a Western/U.S. training context, specific challenges associated with cross-cultural supervision, and ways in which supervisors can sensitively and effectively supervise culturally different supervisees. Implications for education and training in family therapy are presented.
Integrated Vascular Surgery Resident Satisfaction.

Background This is the first survey to assess and quantify the level of satisfaction among the integrated vascular surgery residents. Methods An anonymous 13-question survey was electronically distributed to 225 members of the Society of Vascular Surgery Resident listserv. The questions were a combination of multiple choice, free response, and 5-point Leichhardt scale. Satisfaction was defined as a score of 3 or higher on a 5-point scale. Results Sixty-nine of 225 responded to the survey with fairly equal distribution across the postgraduate years. Trainees reported high rates of satisfaction, >90%, with regards to faculty, educational curriculum, case selection, their peers and interactions with the general surgery residents and faculty. Among nonvascular rotations, critical care, acute care services and/or trauma and cardiothoracic were most frequently rated as satisfactory (100%, 95%, and 92%, respectively). Minimally invasive and bariatric were rated as least satisfactory at 47% and 44%. Conclusions Overall vascular residents are satisfied with various aspects of their respective programs. Critical care, acute care services and/or trauma, and cardiothoracic were most universally deemed beneficial to overall education, whereas other rotations have more diverse responses, suggesting very program-specific distinctions between the services.
A Small Island Community in Midsummer

In many respects a small island is an ideal laboratory for ecologic investigations. The limited area and, usually, the smaller numbers of individuals and species, as compared with the mainland, make it easier to census the fauna and flora and to comprehend the interrelationships that exist. Furthermore, the peculiar insular situation, with fewer habitats available and often with the absence of competition typical of larger areas, brings about special responses on the part of island animals which help to point up the more involved relationships existing in larger communities. Little Rogg Island, situated in Potagannissing Bay at the eastern extremity of Chippewa County, Michigan, is such a spot near the upper end of Lake Huron. The present study was undertaken with a view to the population and distribution of small mammals, and most attention was centered thereon. Partial results have been published elsewhere (Manville 1950b). During a month's time (July 2 to 30, 1949) observations and specimens of many other members of the community were collected. These data are presented herewith as an indication of the island complex, although no clear-cut picture of the various interrelationships was obtained. The community is of further interest as representing a repopulation by the fauna and flora since a severe fire many years ago.
Measuring aptamer equilibria using gradient micro free flow electrophoresis.

Gradient micro free flow electrophoresis (μFFE) was used to observe the equilibria of DNA aptamers with their targets (IgE or HIVRT) across a range of ligand concentrations. A continuous stream of aptamer was mixed online with an increasing concentration of target and introduced into the μFFE device, which separated ligand−aptamer complexes from the unbound aptamer. The continuous nature of μFFE allowed the equilibrium distribution of aptamer and complex to be measured at 300 discrete target concentrations within 5 min. This is a significant improvement in speed and precision over affinity capillary electrophoresis (ACE) assays. The dissociation constant of the aptamer−IgE complex was estimated to be 48 ± 3 nM. The high coverage across the range of ligand concentrations allowed complex stoichiometries of the aptamer−HIVRT complexes to be observed. Nearly continuous observation of the equilibrium distribution from 0 to 500 nM HIVRT revealed the presence of complexes with 3:1 (aptamer/HIVRT), 2:1, and 1:1 s...
Courtship solicitation by females of the checkered white butterfly, Pieris protodice

The willingness of some females of the checkered white butterfly to approach and chase conspecifies was studied in the field. Both virgin and mated females were observed approaching and chasing conspecifics. Such responses to males result in the solicitation or continuation of male courtship attempts, which in turn may lead to copulation.
Racial characteristics and individual differences in women's evaluations of men's facial attractiveness and personality

Abstract Prior research investigating the perception of men's faces has not considered the hybrid nature of black and white racial characteristics. Fifteen faces ranging from “pure” black or white to “hybrid” black and white were rated in the present research. Main effects for race of face were hypothesized. Predominantly black faces were expected to receive higher ratings for dominance and gender identity characteristics. Predominantly white faces were expected to receive the highest attractiveness rating and higher ratings for nurturant and expressive characteristics. The results supported the hypotheses and are discussed in terms of parental investment theory and existing research.
CONNECTIVE TISSUE GROWTH FACTOR AND ITS REGULATION: A NEW ELEMENT IN DIABETIC GLOMERULOSCLEROSIS

Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), a member of the closely related CCN family of cytokines appears to be fibrotic in skin. To determine whether CTGF is implicated in diabetic glomerulosclerosi...
The quantity of colonic flatus excreted by the “normal” individual

The quantity of colonic flatus egested in 24 hours by 5 “normal” ambulatory subjects was determined by collecting the gas in a thick-walled rubber balloon by means of a colon tube. Among the 5 subjects the 24 hour volume varied between 380 and 655 cc. with a mean value of 527 cc. There was no uniform difference between the quantity of gas egested during the day and night. The composition of the gas was subject to relatively wide individual variation. The reasons for this are discussed.
Knowledge-based expert systems: a brief bibliography

This research was sponsored by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DOD), ARPA Order No. 3597, monitored by the Air Force Avionics Laboratory Under Contract F33615-78-C-1551. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency or the US Government.
Warfarin-Induced Pseudo-Allergy

Most common adverse reactions to warfarin are fatal and nonfatal hemorrhage from any tissue or organ. Despite bleeding complications being the most feared concern, non-bleeding events can also occur from warfarin therapy. These non-bleeding events, which account for less than 1%, include but are not limited to skin necrosis and dermatological hypersensitivity reactions. We describe a rare case of “warfarin allergy” in a 77-year-old female patient admitted for coronary bypass grafting and mitral/aortic valve replacement. The patient came with a history of valvular heart disease, embolism (occlusion of distal superficial femoral artery) and atrial fibrillation with documented “warfarin allergy” described as dermatitis and anaphylaxis witnessed during earlier hospital admission. Given double valve replacement and atrial fibrillation (CHA 2 DS 2 -VASc score of 9), she was deemed a candidate for lifelong warfarin. Significant renal impairment and recent valve replacement narrowed the choice of anticoagulant to warfarin. To rule out the possibility of dye allergy, patient was re-challenged with dye free warfarin with close monitoring. Patient was able to tolerate dye free (white) warfarin with no allergic manifestation. The purpose of this report is to increase awareness of possibility of allergic reaction to dye in medications and recommend possibility of dye free medications as an option in such cases. J Hematol. 2014;3(4):116-117 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.14740/jh173w
Pharmacokinetic evaluation of a 1,3-dicyclohexylurea nanosuspension formulation to support early efficacy assessment

Time and resource constraints necessitate increasingly early decisions to advance or halt pre-clinical drug discovery programs. Early discovery or “tool” compounds may be potent inhibitors of new targets, but all too often they exhibit poor pharmaceutical and pharmacokinetic properties that make early assessment of in vivo efficacy difficult. 1,3-Dicyclohexylurea, a potent and selective inhibitor of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), reduces blood pressure in hypertensive preclinical animal models when administered intraperitoneally using DMSO/corn oil as a delivery vehicle. However, the poor aqueous solubility of DCU poses a challenge for in vivo dosing in a multiple dose situation. Therefore, we developed a nanosuspension formulation of DCU to support oral, intravenous bolus and intravenous infusion dosing. Use of the nanosuspension formulation maintained DCU free plasma levels above the sEH IC50 and demonstrated that the application of formulation technology can accelerate in vivo evaluation of new targets by enabling pharmacodynamic studies of poorly soluble compounds.
The diffuse labyrinthine endotheliodichorial placenta of the free-tail bat: a light and electron microscopic study.

In Tadarida, the diffuse endotheliodichorial placenta is established over the parietal area of the uterus and is prominent, for an extended period of time during midgestation, both prior to and during the development of the definitive discoidal structure. A transitory yolk sac placenta precedes the establishment of the diffuse placenta. The tissues of the yolk sac are displaced from the trophoblast through collapse, and by the advance of the allantoic mesoderm. Allantoic vessels infiltrate the cords of cellular trophoblast that extend into the syncytium that, in turn, has penetrated deeply into the maternal endometrium. The syncytium progressively phagocytizes the maternal tissues, leaving the superficial maternal blood vessels and attendant pericytes intact, but destroys many of the deeper maternal vessels. Several morphological changes occur in the pericytes during the period that the superficial maternal capillaries retain their integrity, suggesting that they play an important role in maintaining these vessels which are eventually destroyed also. The cytotrophoblast is the most undifferentiated cell type throughout gestation. The syncytium, on the other hand, contains a large array of organelles that vary in concentration from one area to another within this tissue. Particular attention was paid to cytoplasmic structures potentially related to transport phenomena. Among those described are (1) coated vesicles and tubules in the syncytium at its interface with the cellular trophoblast, (2) microvilli extending from the cytotrophoblast into the syncytium some of which contained lines of pinocytotic vesicles, (3) coated vesicles along the plasma membrane of the syncytium toward the maternal tissues, and (4) pinocytotic vesicles associated with the endothelium of both the allantoic and maternal blood vessels.
Transgenic strategies in reproductive endocrinology

The present discussion surveys some of the recently published studies utilizing transgenic strategies to address questions in reproductive endocrinology. Beginning with a brief introduction of the transgenic method itself, the following areas are covered: 1. Sexual development and Mullerian-inhibiting substance; 2. Hypogonadal mice and hypothalamic GnRH; 3. The GnRH neuron: generation of immortalized rare cell types; 4. Glycoprotein hormones: immortalized cells, development and evolution; 5. Growth hormone and reproduction; and, 6. Gestation and the insulin-like growth factors. In each section, the discussion attempts to be integrative with respect to the significance of the results to physiological, cellular and molecular biology. We believe this approach is appropriate, as transgenic science itself is necessarily an integration of all of these levels of investigation and participation from those working at all levels is needed.
Proteoglycans in the mouse interphotoreceptor matrix. II. Origin and development of proteoglycans.

Abstract The development and cellular origin of chondroitin sulfate-type proteoglycans in the interphotoreceptor matrix (IPM) of the mouse retina were examined with electron microscopy after staining with the cationic dye, Cupromeronic Blue. In the IPM of the developing retina. three structural types of Cupromeronic Blue-positive filaments were observed. Type A filaments measured 45–55 nm in length and around 5 nm in diameter. At birth, a few type A filaments were present in the IPM and they increased in number during subsequent days postpartum. Type A filaments were present in high density in the cytoplasm of the pigment epithelial cells at all stages examined where they were associated with the Golgi apparatus and cytoplasmic vesicles. Type B filaments, measuring 60–80 nm in length and 5–10 nm in diameter, were occasionally observed in the IPM of the newborn mouse. Type B filaments increased in number during subsequent development and by 14 days postpartum, their location was restricted predominantly to the IPM around photoreceptor inner segments and the connecting cilia. Type C filaments, measuring 15–25 nm diameter with extremely long profiles (up to several μm), were first consistently observed in the IPM at 6 days postpartum, the time when photoreceptor outer segments begin to develop. During subsequent days postpartum, type C filaments increased in number. By 18 days postpartum, when photoreceptors have achieved their adult length, type C filaments were interconnected in a net-like meshwork investing the photoreceptor outer segments. All three Cupromeronic Blue-positive filament types were sensitive to chondroitinase AC, but not to Streptomyces hyaluronidase. Cupromeronic Blue-stained filaments were rarely observed in the cytoplasm of the photoreceptor or Muller cells at any of the stages examined. These findings suggest that proteoglycans of the chondroitin sulfate-type present between the retina and pigment epithelium of the adult mouse are secreted principally by the retinal pigment epithelial cells, and that these components begin to be elaborated into the IPM a few days prior to the stage when photoreceptor outer segment development is initiated. Organization of the proteoglycans to form an extracellular meshwork surrounding the photoreceptors takes place during the period when photoreceptor outer segments are elongating to achieve their adult length.
Mean-field calculation of the central peak due to the phonon-Ising dynamic crossover

A self-consistent numerical calculation of the onset of the central mode in a phonon phi/sup 4/ field theory, for T > T/sub c/, has been carried out. The central mode is attributed to crossover to Ising-like tunneling behavior, which is driven by indirect coupling to a collective excitation, corresponding to damped or overdamped second sound. Under the restrictive assumption that the central mode does not overlap the phonon sidebands, the self-consistency equation for the intensity parameter delta is found analogous to the BCS ''gap'' equation. Far from T/sub c/, delta is identically zero. After onset above T/sub c/, a 20--30% further change in coherence length is found sufficient for transfer of 80% of the phonon intensity into the central mode. The characteristic width of the (assumed Lorentzian) central mode is initially much broader than the phonon width, until about 80% intensity transfer occurs. Thereafter, critical narrowing is found to be anomalous. The formation of the central mode is characterized by a second short fluctuation length presumably controlling the surface energy between virtual domains. The (nonlocal) collective excitation presumably describes slow fluctuations into these virtual domains. The spectrum of the local two-phonon correlation function is found not to reflect the collectivemore » excitation but faster and more complicatedzero-point motion which is not analyzed here. An extension of the calculation to resolve this spectrum and other possible structure in the central mode is not out of the question, but this will be left for future calculation.« less
Deception Versus Privacy Management in Discussions of Sexual History

Petronio's (2002) communication privacy management theory provided the framework for this investigation, which considered how individuals manage the disclosure of sexual history in relationships, including the extent to which individuals feel that they need to protect their privacy in this context. Of particular interest were consequences of concealing sexual history for deceptive purposes versus protection of privacy. Data were obtained from 192 undergraduate participants who completed an anonymous questionnaire regarding actual sexual experiences. Individuals who concealed sexual history information reportedly felt that privacy concerns were a significant reason for doing so. The consequences of privacy management did prove to be different from those of deception. Guilt delineated the ramifications of privacy management from those of deception lending support for Petronio's (2002) contention that these two forms of concealment are conceptually different. Future research should work to develop guidelines...
Limitations to accuracy in dual energy digital fluoroscopy

A digital fluoroscopy system has many desirable features for energy selective imaging. Unfortunately it has significant problems which may prevent it from being used for this application. Two techniques for overcoming the limitations of digital fluoroscopy are presented. The first attacks the lack of absolute measurements in data from digital fluoroscopy. The nonlinear processing used in energy selective imaging requires absolute data. Techniques are presented which use relative measurements and still allow selective material imaging. Digital fluoroscopy is normally used for subtraction imaging so that errors in the data tend to cancel. By using a generalization of subtraction imaging called hybrid subtraction, the errors introduced by using fluoroscopic data in energy selective imaging can be significantly reduced.© (1981) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
STEROID CELL TUMOR ASSOCIATED WITH PRIMARY AMENORRHEA AND VIRILIZATION

A 22-year-old woman sought medical advice because of primary amenorrhea and virilization that was manifested by facial hirsutism, temporal balding, and clitorimegaly. Plasma steroid levels were determined at the time of initial assessment; androstenedione and testosterone were increased in comparison with normal values. Vaginal ultrasonography revealed the presence of a mass localized to the right ovary. The patient underwent oophorectomy, and pathologic examination of the surgical specimen led to the identification of a steroid cell tumor associated with a polycystic ovary. Tumor steroid-metabolizing enzymes were evaluated in vitro: 17alpha-hydroxylase, 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/ delta5-->4-isomerase, 17beta-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase, and 5a-reductase, which are required for androgen synthesis, were present in the tumor tissue. Postoperatively, plasma androstenedione and testosterone levels returned to normal. This study demonstrated that the tumor was the source of the increased levels of androgen precursor and androgen in this woman; excess tumor-derived androgen may have been the trigger in the development of the polycystic ovary.
Characteristics of the wake behind a cascade of airfoils

An analytical and experimental investigation of the near and far wake characteristics of a cascade of airfoils is reported in this paper. The measurement of mean velocity, turbulence intensity and Reynolds stress across the wake at several distances downstream of the cascade indicates that the wake is asymmetrical and this asymmetry is maintained even up to 3/4 chord length. Experiments carried out at three incidences reveal that the decay of the wake defect is strongly dependent on the downstream variation of the wake edge velocity. For a cascade, the decay rate of the wake defect is found to be slower than that of a flat plate, cylinder or symmetrical airfoil (at zero incidence). The level of turbulence and Reynolds stresses are found to be high and some comments are made regarding self-preservation and structure of the flow. Semi-theoretical expressions are given for the wake profile, and decay of the velocity defect, turbulence intensity and Reynolds stress.
Evolution and current status of university HR programs

Current-day university human resource educational programs had their beginnings in the late 1910s and early 1920s when textbooks and courses in personnel management first appeared, an event that occurred in tandem with the emergence of personnel management/industrial relations as a new functional area of business practice. Over the next eight decades, both the practice of HR management and the university programs that train people for it have evolved and grown in a number of important and interesting ways. This article provides a brief overview of this evolution in university HR education, summarizes the structure and curriculum of contemporary HR degree programs, and briefly describes the strengths and weaknesses of HR management as an intellectual subject area. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Behavior of partial cross sections and branching ratios in the neighborhood of a resonance

Starting from the treatment of Fano for the behavior of the total cross section in a photoionization (or electron-ion scattering) experiment in the vicinity of a resonance, we present a theoretical formula for the behavior of an individual final-state channel in the neighborhood of a resonance. This result is then used to derive another theoretical formula for the behavior of the ratio of two partial cross sections (i.e., the branching ratio) in the vicinity of a resonance. This branching-ratio formula depends on the profile parameters $q$, $\ensuremath{\Gamma}$, and ${\ensuremath{\rho}}^{2}$ for the resonance, on the branching ratio outside the resonance, and on two new parameters which are explicitly related to scattering-matrix elements and phase shifts.
In Escherichia coli, Inducible DNA Repair Is Error-Prone with Regard to Lethality

Abstract The umuC gene is a member of the inducible SOS repair network in E. coli . The experiments reported here indicate that the product of the umuC locus can make lethal mistakes during its normal repair function. Such "lethal repair" may be a major factor in establishing a cell′s sensitivity to radiation.