cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Factors influencing adolescent cooperation inorthodontic treatment

Abstract This article reviews the research related to adolescent perceptions of dental-facialappearance, the meaning of these perceptions, and their influence on cooperation in orthodontic treatment. A social-developmental framework that acknowledges the importance of family and peers in shaping an adolescent's perceived need for treatment seems to be most useful. This framework can then be extended to include the role of the orthodontist and professional standards in encouraging cooperative behaviors. Although the benefits of orthodontic treatment may be perceived in terms of somewhat narrowly defined improvements in appearance, these represent important goals for many patients. Parental support will be especially effective in ensuring cooperation early in treatment; however, adolescents who do not give up "control," or responsibility for outcomes, will be more cooperative over the longer term. The orthodontist's relationship with both parents and adolescent patients is critical to ensuring successful results. Recommendations for developing an effective patient/parent-orthodontist partnership are provided.
Dynamic Risk Mitigation in Computing Infrastructures

In this brief paper, we formulate a novel analytical framework for modeling and mitigation of dynamically changing security risk profiles in information systems and networks. Risk accumulates at components/nodes (hosts, servers, databases, etc.) due to risk shocks hitting them (virus, worm attacks, etc.) and is monitored by risk indicators. The risk manager dynamically chooses defenses by reconfiguring and allocating available protection resources to various infrastructure components/nodes. The issue is to dynamically control risk by (re)deploying defenses on the spot in response to changing risk indicators. The framework is designed to parallel queuing modeling ones, mapping backlog/congestion to risk level/stress. This exposes interesting connections between dynamic risk management and queueing systems. It also allows for leveraging some results of congestion management for risk mitigation, as well as developing new ones to capture risk management performance tradeoffs.
Substrate and temperature effects in lead zirconate titanate films produced by facing targets sputtering

The growth of ferroelectric lead zirconate titanate (PZT) films by rf-sputtering using a facing targets geometry is described. This study focuses on the influence of the substrate on PZT thin film composition, structure, and electrical properties. The deposition temperatures ranged from room temperature to 700 °C and the process gas was a mixture of argon and oxygen. Effects of deposition conditions and post-deposition annealing on film composition, microstructure, and properties were evaluated using Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS), x-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, and measurements of the permittivity and polarization. The microstructure, composition, and permittivity of the films were found to be strongly dependent on the substrate temperature and on the preparation history of the films.
A recursive un-termination method for nondestructive in situ S-parameter measurement of hermetically encapsulated packages

In this paper, we analyze the performance of a newly introduced recursive un-termination method for nondestructive in situ S-parameter measurements of multiport packages. The fundamental limitations of the method are statistically analyzed and compared to conventional two-port probing techniques. The methodology is based on programmable terminations fully integrated in a standard silicon process technology (integrated-circuit chip) and a recursive un-terminating method implemented in software. To demonstrate the validity of the technique, results for a chip-on-board packaging technology have been compared to high-frequency electromagnetic simulations and direct two-port probing techniques.
A scalable framework for continuous query evaluations over multidimensional, scientific datasets

Summary Efficient access to voluminous multidimensional datasets is essential for scientific applications. Fast evolving datasets present unique challenges during retrievals. Keeping data up-to-date can be expensive and may involve the following: repeated data queries, excessive data movements, and redundant data preprocessing. This paper focuses on the issue of efficient manipulation of query results in cases where the dataset is continuously evolving. Our approach provides an automated and scalable tracking and caching mechanism to evaluate continuous queries over data stored in a distributed storage system. We have designed and developed a distributed updatable cache that ensures the query output to contain the most recent data arrivals. We have developed a dormant cache framework to address strains on caching capacity due to intensive memory requirements. The data to be stored in the dormant cache are selected using the cached continuous query scheduling algorithm that we have designed and developed. This approach is evaluated in the context of Galileo, our distributed data storage framework. This paper includes an empirical evaluation performed on Amazon Web Services' cluster and a private cluster. Our performance benchmarks demonstrate the efficacy of our approach. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Missing Data Problems in the SHR Imputing Offender and Relationship Characteristics

Although the so-called “dark figure” crime measurement problem has never been a major concern for homicide researchers, the Supplementary Homicide Reports (SHR) as well as other local data series on murder still are plagued by other kinds of missing data issues. Most prominent is missingness in data pertaining to offender characteristics as well as to victim-offender relationship that results from uncleared cases. Ignoring unsolved homicides would, of course, seriously understate calculated rates of offending by particular subgroups of the population, would distort trends over time among these same subgroups, and would bias observed patterns of offending to the extent that the likelihood of missing offender data is associated with offender characteristics. This article presents several approaches for overcoming missing data problems in the 1976-2001 cumulative SHRdata file. First, a weighting procedure is described that uses characteristics of known offenders to serve as proxies for those of unidentified ...
Solid Phase Relations at 950°C in La-Ba-Cu-O

Subsolidus phase relations in the La2O3–BaO–CuO system were studied at 950°C. Three previously reported binary compounds exist (La2CuO4, BaLa2O4, and BaCuO2) and five previously reported ternary phases occur (La2-xBaxCuO4-(x/2)+δ, La4-2xBa2+2xCu2-xO10-2x, La2-xBa1+xCu2O6-(x-2), La3-xBa3+xCu6O14±δ, and La4BaCu5O13+δ). Of the seven phases in the diagram, all but BaLa2O4, BaCuO2, and La4BaCu5O13+δ were shown to exhibit significant ranges of solubility. The diagram is important in that both >30 K (La2-xBaxCuO4-(x/2)+δ) and >90 K (La3-xBa3+xCu6O14+δ, x=1) superconductors occur.
Integration of qualitative and quantitative methods in visual reasoning

Describes how commonsense spatial reasoning is accomplished in a computational model that is primarily qualitative in nature, but which allows the smooth integration of quantitative methods as and when necessary. This model, termed visual reasoning, is characterized by representations that have symbolic and imaginal parts, visual operations that access spatial information contained in the imaginal parts, and visual cases which encode chunks of inferential knowledge. The authors have identified three conditions under which the invocation of quantitative or numerical methods become necessary in order for visual reasoning to proceed. These are described and illustrated by three examples of problem solving that show how quantitative methods get integrated into the framework of visual reasoning. >
Influences of visual pitch and visual yaw on visually perceived eye level (VPEL) and straight ahead (VPSA) for erect and rolled-to-horizontal observers.

Abstract Localization within the space in front of an observer can be specified along two orthogonal physical dimensions: elevation (‘up’, ‘down’) and horizontal (‘left’,‘right’). For the erect observer, these correspond to egocentric dimensions along the long and short axes of the body, respectively. However, when subjects are rolled-to-horizontal (lying on their sides), the correspondence between the physical and egocentric dimensions is reversed. Employing egocentric coordinates, localization can be referred to a central perceptual point-visually perceived eye level (VPEL) along the long axis of the body, and visually perceived straight ahead (VPSA) along the short axis of the body. In the present experiment, measurements of VPEL and of VPSA were made on each of eight subjects who were either erect or rolled-to-horizontal while monocularly viewing a long 2-line stimulus (two parallel, 64°-long lines separated by 50°) in otherwise complete darkness that was centered on the eye of the observer and was tilted out of the frontoparallel plane by a variable amount and direction (from −30° to +30° in 10° steps). The stimulus tilt was either around an axis through the center of the two eyes (pitch; VPEL was measured) or around the long axis of the body that passed through the center of the viewing eye (yaw; VPSA was measured). Large variations in the localization settings were measured that were systematic with stimulus tilt. The slopes of the functions plouing the deviations from veridicality against the orientation of the 2-line stimulus (‘induction functions’) were larger for the rolled-to-horizontal observer than for the erect observer for both VPEL and VPSA, and for a given body orientation were larger for the VPEL discrimination than for the VPSA discrimination; the influences of body orientation in physical space and the direction of the discrimination relative to the body were lineraly additive. Both the y-intercepts of the induction functions and the central perceptual point measured in complete darkness were lower when the norm setting by the subject was along the vertical than when it was along the horizontal; this held for both the VPEL and VPSA discriminations. The systematic effects of body orientation on the slopes and of line orientation on the y-intercepts and dark values result from an effect of gravity on the settings and fit well to a general principle: any departure from erect posture increases the induction effects of the visual stimulus. The effect of gravity is consistent with the effect of gravity in previous work in high-g environments with the VPEL discrimination.
Nonlinear acoustics in pant hoots of common chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes): frequency jumps, subharmonics, biphonation, and deterministic chaos.

The pant hoot calls produced by common chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) are multi-call vocalizations that have figured prominently in investigations of acoustic communication in this species. Although pant hoots are predominantly harmonically structured, they can exhibit an acoustic complexity that has recently been linked to nonlinearity in the vocal-fold dynamics underlying typical mammalian sound production. We examined the occurrence of these sorts of nonlinear phenomena in pant hoot vocalizations, contrasting quieter and lower-pitched “introduction” components with loud and high-pitched “climax” calls in the same bouts. Spectrographic evidence revealed four kinds of nonlinear phenomena, including discrete frequency jumps, subharmonics, biphonation, and deterministic chaos. While these events were virtually never observed during the introduction, they occurred in more than half of the climax calls. Biphonation was by far the most common phenomenon, followed by subharmonics, chaos, and frequency jumps. Individual callers varied in the degree to which their climax calls exhibited nonlinear phenomena, but were consistent in showing more biphonation than other forms. These outcomes show that nonlinear phenomena are routinely present in chimpanzee pant hoots, and help lay the foundation for investigating the function of such events. Am. J. Primatol. 64:277–291, 2004. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Sensitivity of Static Traffic User Equilibria with Perturbations in Arc Cost Function and Travel Demand

This paper deals with sensitivity analysis of static traffic user equilibrium problems. We apply some recently developed sensitivity analysis techniques for generalized equations to analyze the behavior of the equilibrium arc flow of such a problem when both the arc cost function and the travel demand vary. Our methods permit calculation of semiderivatives under general conditions and of derivatives under more restrictive conditions; we calculate the semiderivatives by solving a linear traffic user equilibrium problem and the derivatives by matrix multiplication together with the solution of a linear equation the dimension of which is at most the number of arcs. Three numerical examples show how to use these results in practice.
Alternate Methods of Gene Discovery — The Candidate EST Approach and DNA Microarrays

With the advent of large scale cDNA and genome sequencing projects, gene sequence information is accumulating at an accelerating rate, especially in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. One consequence is that increasingly genes will be identified first in sequence databases rather than via traditional cloning procedures. Thus, in the future, gene discovery will be based in part on identifying genes similar in sequence to known genes or identifying clones that map to known mutations or character traits.
Effects of physiological noise in population analysis of diffusion tensor MRI data.

The goal of this study is to characterize the potential effect of artifacts originating from physiological noise on statistical analysis of diffusion tensor MRI (DTI) data in a population. DTI derived quantities including mean diffusivity (Trace(D)), fractional anisotropy (FA), and principal eigenvector (e(1)) are computed in the brain of 40 healthy subjects from tensors estimated using two different methods: conventional nonlinear least-squares, and robust fitting (RESTORE). RESTORE identifies artifactual data points as outliers and excludes them on a voxel-by-voxel basis. We found that outlier data points are localized in specific spatial clusters in the population, indicating a consistency in brain regions affected across subjects. In brain parenchyma RESTORE slightly reduces inter-subject variance of FA and Trace(D). The dominant effect of artifacts, however, is bias. Voxel-wise analysis indicates that inclusion of outlier data points results in clusters of under- and over-estimation of FA, while Trace(D) is always over-estimated. Removing outliers affects e(1) mostly in low anisotropy regions. It was found that brain regions known to be affected by cardiac pulsation - cerebellum and genu of the corpus callosum, as well as regions not previously reported, splenium of the corpus callosum-show significant effects in the population analysis. It is generally assumed that statistical properties of DTI data are homogenous across the brain. This assumption does not appear to be valid based on these results. The use of RESTORE can lead to a more accurate evaluation of a population, and help reduce spurious findings that may occur due to artifacts in DTI data.
Magnetic techniques for evaluating peripheral nerve function

Experimental and theoretical studies of the magnetic field of isolated, giant nerve axons are being extended to the study of nerve bundles. The theoretical models use effective anisotropic conductivities that depend on the spatial and temporal frequencies of the transmembrane action potential to account for the effect of adjacent myelinated fibers on both the action current and the extracellular potential of a single axon off-axis in a sheathed nerve bundle. A convolution model is used to recreate the compound action signal from the fiber diameter histogram. A nonnegative least-squares algorithm is used for the deconvolution to obtain the histogram from measured signals, demonstrating the feasibility of magnetic determination of fiber diameter histograms. An openable toroidal probe is being developed to allow intraoperative assessment of damaged peripheral nerves in humans. >
Nitric oxide treatment for pulmonary hypertension after neonatal cardiac operation

This report describes a newborn with transposition of the great arteries who underwent a Blalock-Taussig shunt with transient improvement in oxygenation, but required emergent insertion of a central shunt later the same day due to progressive hypoxia and cardiac arrest. Two hours after central shunt insertion, sudden episodes of hypoxia and hypotension developed that were resistant to all pharmocologic therapy. Inhaled nitric oxide (25 ppm) was then administered with dramatic improvement in oxygenation and hemodynamics within minutes. The patient's condition stabilized after these measures, and nitric oxide therapy was discontinued after 2 days.
Phase-shifting the light-dark cycle resets the food-entrainable circadian pacemaker

This experiment examined coupling between two circadian pacemakers, one entrained by light and the other by food. Rats were housed in running wheels: one-half on restricted feeding from 0900 to 110...
Popliteal vein repair may not impact amputation rates in combined popliteal artery and vein injury

IntroductionThis study aimed to determine the incidence, management, and outcomes of popliteal artery injury, popliteal vein injury, and concomitant popliteal artery injury and vein injury.MethodsA retrospective analysis was completed using the 2000–2010 Nationwide Inpatient Sample utilizing International Classification of Diseases-9 codes to select patients with isolated popliteal artery injury (904.41), isolated popliteal vein injury (904.42), and isolated concomitant popliteal artery and vein injury (958.92). Variables included demographics, procedure type, and outcome during hospital course. Statistical analysis was with chi-square, Fisher exact test, and multivariate analysis.ResultsA total of 2216 patients presented with injury to the popliteal system; 71% (1568) presented with isolated popliteal artery injury, 14% (306) with isolated popliteal vein injury, and 15% (342) with concomitant popliteal artery and vein injury. Amputation was significantly increased in popliteal artery injury and concomita...
Ischemic injury induces ADF relocalization to the apical domain of rat proximal tubule cells

Breakdown of proximal tubule cell apical membrane microvilli is an early-occurring hallmark of ischemic acute renal failure. Intracellular mechanisms responsible for these apical membrane changes r...
The Lost Art of Drawing a Conclusion

This article discusses the importance of drawing conclusions; where to put your conclusion in a document and when it is acceptable to qualify your conclusion.
Efficient algorithms for mistuning analysis

Abstract This paper describes two algorithms to calculate bounds on the largest frequency response function that is attained when a large number of parameters is perturbed simultaneously within a box. The algorithms have been created to calculate worst-case responses of mistuned (perturbed) bladed disks, which is an important step in the analysis and optimization of advanced turbomachinery components. Numerical comparisons with other algorithms demonstrate the relative efficiency and accuracy of the proposed algorithms.
Phylogenetic Relationships of the Algophagidae (Acari: Astigmata), with Descriptions of a New Subfamily, Genus, and Species

A new genus and species, Prohericia longipes , are described from a deutonymph collected in Germany. The new genus is related to the genera Hericia and Fusohericia . A new subfamily, Hericiinae, is proposed for these genera and placed in the family Algophagidae as the sister-group of the nominate subfamily. Phylogenetic relationships of the Algophagidae are discussed, with the Carpoglyphidae hypothesized as the sister-group of the family and the Hemisarcoptidae and Winterschmidtiidae as more distant outgroups. The Hyadesiidae, which has been considered a closely related family, is demonstrated to be ecologically convergent but only distantly related phylogenetically.
Copy number variations and human genetic disease.

Purpose of reviewRecent studies clearly demonstrate that copy number variations (CNVs) are widespread in our genome and play an important role in human genetic variation, accounting for both human population diversity and human genetic disease. This review will discuss the most current knowledge reg
Indoor Particle Levels in Small- and Medium-Sized Commercial Buildings in California

This study monitored indoor and outdoor particle concentrations in 37 small and medium commercial buildings (SMCBs) in California with three buildings sampled on two occasions, resulting in 40 sampling days. Sampled buildings included offices, retail establishments, restaurants, dental offices, and hair salons, among others. Continuous measurements were made for both ultrafine and fine particulate matter as well as black carbon inside and outside of the building. Integrated PM2.5, PM2.5–10, and PM10 samples were also collected inside and outside the building. The majority of the buildings had indoor/outdoor (I/O) particle concentration ratios less than 1.0, indicating that contributions from indoor sources are less than removal of outdoor particles. However, some of the buildings had I/O ratios greater than 1, indicating significant indoor particle sources. This was particularly true of restaurants, hair salons, and dental offices. The infiltration factor was estimated from a regression analysis of indoor...
Pressure measurements in ileal conduits.

AbstractTo study the dynamic properties of ileal conduits and to attempt to diagnose obstruction at an early point in time, that is prior to the development of conduit or upper urinary tract dilatation, a continuously perfused catheter technique was used to measure pressures within the conduit during filling and emptying, and to measure the resistance to flow at the stomal level. The mean values of residual urine, resting pressure, voiding pressure and stomal profile pressure were significantly higher in obstructed than in non-obstructed conduits. However, there was an overlap between values in each parameter, thus necessitating analysis of the entire pressure data in any given case. The data also show that even a small increase in residual urine above normal, 4.0 plus or minus 0.9cc, may be an indication of early obstruction and that stomal caliber does not necessarily correlate with the degree of obstruction.
Must theology remain silent in bioethics

Bioethics tends to lack both breadth and depth; a theological perspective can provide the necessary lack. The essential role of a theologian has always been to direct attention to dimensions of human situations that may have escaped our notice, to account for the interpretive frameworks people bring to their experiences of health, medicine, suffering, and death within a vision of human nature and destiny.
EFFECTIVENESS OF ULTRASONOGRAPHY IN DIAGNOSING CHRONIC LATERAL ANKLE INSTABILITY:A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW.

Background Chronic ankle instability (CAI) is a condition that often develops after repeated ankle sprains, increasing the suceptability of the ankle to move into excessive inversion when walking on unstable surfaces. Treatment for CAI costs approximately three billion health care dollars annually. Currently, common diagnostic tools used to identify ankle instability are arthroscopy, imaging, manual laxity testing, and self-reported questionnaires. Purpose The purpose of this systematic review was to investigate the effectiveness of ultrasonography in diagnosing CAI, in comparison with other diagnostic tools. Methods Search limits: articles published between the years 2000-2015, and articles that were peer reviewed and published in the English language. Databases searched: CINAHL, PubMed, Medline, Medline Plus, Science Direct, OVID, Cochrane, and EBSCO. Titles and abstracts of the 1,420 articles were screened for the inclusion criteria by two independent raters, with discrepancies solved by a third rater. The modified 14-point Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS) scale was used to assess methodological quality of included articles. Results Six high quality articles were included in this systematic review, as indicated by high scores on the QUADAS scale, ranging from 10 to 13. Sensitivity of US ranged from: 84.6 % -100%, specificity of US ranged from: 90.9% - 100% and accuracy ranged from: 87% - 90.9%. Discussion The results of the included studies suggest that US is able to accurately differentiate between the grades of ankle sprains and between a lax ligament, torn ligament, thick ligament, absorbed ligament and a non-union avulsion fracture. These findings indicate that US is a reliable method for diagnosing CAI, and that US is able to classify the degree of instability. Conclusion Researchers found that US is effective, reliable, and accurate in the diagnosis of CAI. Clinical implications US would allow for earlier diagnosis, which could increase the quality of care as well as decrease the number of outpatient visits. This could lead to improvement in treatment plans, goals and rehabilitation outcomes. Level of evidence 1a.
Chemical Reaction of Energetic Materials during High Acceleration

The fracture phenomena of energetic materials during high acceleration have been studied in an ultracentrifuge. The recovered samples have been studied by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). The results of these measurements indicate that chemical reaction has occurred in TNT, TNT-1% HNS, and M30 propellant as a result of fracture and impact during high acceleration.
Numerical analysis of electric bus fast charging strategies for demand charge reduction

Abstract Electric transit buses have been recognized as an important alternative to diesel buses with many environmental benefits. Electric buses employing lithium titanate batteries can provide uninterrupted transit service thanks to their ability of fast charging. However, fast charging may result in high demand charges which will increase the fuel costs thereby limiting the electric bus market penetration. In this paper, we simulated daily charging patterns and demand charges of a fleet of electric buses in Tallahassee, Florida and identified an optimal charging strategy to minimize demand charges. It was found that by using a charging threshold of 60–64%, a $160,848 total saving in electricity cost can be achieved for a five electric bus fleet, comparing to a charging threshold of 0–28%. In addition, the impact of fleet sizes on the fuel cost was investigated. Fleets of 4 and 12 buses will achieve the lowest cost per mile driven when one fast charger is installed.
Shortened Erythrocyte Life Span and Increased Oxidative Stress In Erythroid Precursors Are Consistent with Normocytic Anemia In Mice with Chronic Inflammation

Abstract 3205 The anemia of inflammation is a common co-morbid condition associated with various infections, autoimmune disorders, and other chronic disease states. In general, hemoglobin levels are mildly to moderately decreased. In vitro studies have demonstrated that pro-inflammatory cytokines can inhibit erythropoiesis at various stages of development, but many of these studies are limited to the analysis of early developmental stages and primarily assess proliferation as opposed to maturation or survival. Sufficient data from in vivo studies and whole animal models are lacking. We characterized the anemia in 8–10 week old C57BL/6 mice with turpentine oil-induced sterile abscess. We found that following 3 weeks of sterile abscess, the mice had a normocytic, normochromic anemia. Using in vivo biotin-labeling of peripheral blood, we found the coefficient describing erythrocyte life span significantly decreased from -0.044 ± 0.002 SE in control mice to -0.048 ± 0.002 SE in mice with sterile abscess ( p = 0.04). In further support of the mechanism of increased erythrocyte turnover, we found that splenic macrophages isolated from mice with abscess significantly increased expression of Heme-regulated gene 1 ( Hrg-1 ) 2.5 fold, ( p Ferroportin ( Fpn ) 2.76 fold ( p = 0.003). Oxidative stress can lead to increased erythrocyte turnover and can inhibit erythroid maturation. To determine whether erythrocytes from mice with sterile abscess had impaired capacity for survival, we assessed staining of peripheral blood and erythroid precursors with chloromethyl dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate, acetyl ester (DCF). DCF fluoresces upon oxidation. We found that mean DCF fluorescence intensity (MFI) in peripheral blood increased from 3.2 ± 1.0 in control mice to 5.5 ± 0.6 in mice with abscess (p=0.004). Similarly, we found a greater percentage of bone marrow derived erythroid precursors from mice with abscess had high DCF staining (16.2 ± 3.9%) when compared to control mice (6.7 ± 1.9%, p=0.003). In conclusion, these data support the hypothesis that increased oxidative stress in erythroid precursors of mice with sterile abscess results in increased erythrocyte turnover and normocytic, normochromic anemia. Future studies will investigate whether pro-inflammatory cytokines inhibit the expression of key erythrocyte anti-oxidant enzymes or whether reactive oxygen species from neighboring granulocytes damage erythroid precursors in the bone marrow. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Design and performance Evaluation of a Fault-Tolerant, Hard-Real-Time, Parallel Processor

The continuing integration of computer systems into critical control applications requires that the systems tolerate any hardware fault which may occur during operations. Additionally, the control stability aspects of these applications require that data operations (such as input, processing, and output) be performed within some bounded real-time constraints. Any missed time deadlines can be viewed as system failures, with results as consequential as hardware failures. Thus contemporary designs must consider both the hardware fault tolerance as well as the deterministic scheduling of real-time tasks.
Cervical varices: An unusual source of first-trimester hemorrhage

Endocervical varices are a rare cause of obstetrical hemorrhage. Usually presenting in the second and third trimesters, bleeding varices often require pregnancy termination or indicated preterm birth via cesarean delivery. Our patient experienced variceal hemorrhage at 12 weeks' gestation in a dichorionic twin pregnancy conceived through in vitro fertilization. A low-lying placenta resolved at 19 weeks followed by variceal regression at 22 weeks' gestation. Endocervical varices causing first-trimester hemorrhage may regress with resolution of a coexisting low placental implantation, permitting planned vaginal delivery, despite progressive hemodynamic changes of pregnancy. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 46:218-221, 2018.
The referent of the frame of reference

Just as research has demonstrated that judgment and perception of objects and events are influenced by the frame of reference, we need to explore the precise relationship between the “view and point of view.” Just what features are and are not affected by a particular frame of reference? What features remain constant and invariant? Are some frames of reference more appropriate than others in revealing certain aspects of an object or event?
Underwater cave mapping using stereo vision

This paper presents a systematic approach for the 3-D mapping of underwater caves. Exploration of underwater caves is very important for furthering our understanding of hydrogeology, managing efficiently water resources, and advancing our knowledge in marine archaeology. Underwater cave exploration by human divers however, is a tedious, labor intensive, extremely dangerous operation, and requires highly skilled people. As such, it is an excellent fit for robotic technology, which has never before been addressed. In addition to the underwater vision constraints, cave mapping presents extra challenges in the form of lack of natural illumination and harsh contrasts, resulting in failure for most of the state-of-the-art visual based state estimation packages. A new approach employing a stereo camera and a video-light is presented. Our approach utilizes the intersection of the cone of the video-light with the cave boundaries: walls, floor, and ceiling, resulting in the construction of a wire frame outline of the cave. Successive frames are combined using a state of the art visual odometry algorithm while simultaneously inferring scale through the stereo reconstruction. Results from experiments at a cave, part of the Sistema Camilo, Quintana Roo, Mexico, validate our approach. The cave wall reconstruction presented provides an immersive experience in 3-D.
Novel use of rituximab in macrophage activation syndrome secondary to systemic lupus erythematosus.

Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) is a rare disease characterised by aberrant immune hyperactivation of T lymphocytes and macrophages driven by cytokine dysfunction. The HLH-2004 protocol is commonly used for the treatment of MAS, but significant toxicities are associated. We describe a case of MAS secondary to systemic lupus erythematosus in a young female that responded well to rituximab in lieu of etoposide. She continues to be in remission 1 year following the completion of rituximab infusion and is maintained on hydroxychloroquine. This case highlights the need for further research on the use of rituximab and other available biologics in the setting of MAS in order to help guide further alternative treatment decisions.
Spatial Prepositions in Natural-Language Descriptions of Indoor Scenes

For individuals with significant vision impairment, due to natural aging processes or early vision loss, descriptions of indoor scenes require a high level of precision in spatial information to convey accurate object relations and allow for the formation of effective mental models. This paper briefly describes a single experiment conducted within a larger study investigating the preference of spatial prepositions to describe spatial relations between objects in a vista-scale setting. The goal of the larger study is to identify a small set of spatial concepts and terms that can provide a framework for automated natural-language descriptions of indoor vista-scale environments.
Charles Stone Bryan, MD: A Conversation with the Editor

(1999). Charles Stone Bryan, MD: A Conversation with the Editor. Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings: Vol. 12, No. 4, pp. 285-303.
The Use of Electroconvulsive Therapy in Late-Life Psychiatric Disorders

To review the current literature regarding the use and safety of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in the elderly population. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is both a safe and effective treatment for geriatric patients with severe psychiatric illness. In an era of often inadequate or poorly tolerated pharmacologic treatments, ECT can provide life-saving treatment for depression, catatonia, movement disorders, and even mood and behavioral dysregulation in dementia syndromes. The Prolonging Remission in Depressed Elderly (PRIDE) study directed by Charles Kellner has provided clear and convincing empirical data for the use of ECT in this age group for the treatment of depression. The data for the use of ECT for the treatment of depression in the elderly and in prolonging remission is convincing. The convergence of data for the treatment of late-life catatonia is also favorable. Data regarding the use as a treatment for the core movement disorder of Parkinson’s disease is intriguing and warrants further investigation. The data for its use in other areas, particularly dementia, is less clear and a possible clinical algorithm is presented.
Cytogenetics of human small cell lung cancer.

The combination of chemo- and radiotherapy has resulted in prolonged survival and potential cures in patients with some neoplastic diseases. Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is one of those neoplasms in which over 90% of the patients respond favorably to treatment, about 10% being cured. However, patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (non-SCLC) have a much lower response rate to current therapeutic regimens. Therefore, accurate diagnosis is extremely important. With the advent of chromosome banding techniques in the early 1970s (Caspersson et al. 1968; Seabright 1971), it became possible to identify chromosomal abnormalities that were specific for certain neoplastic diseases, including the Philadelphia or Ph1 chromosome in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) (Nowell and Hungerford 1960), t(15;17) in acute progranulocytic leukemia (APL) (Rowley et al. 1977), t(8;14) in Burkitt’s lymphoma (Zech et al. 1976), t(14;18) in follicular lymphoma (Yunis et al. 1982), deletion 13q14 in retinoblastoma (Yunis and Ramsey 1978), deletion 11p14 in Wilm’s triad syndrome (Miller 1977), and deletion 6q in melanoma (Trent et al. 1983; Becher et al. 1983). Here we wish to describe a specific chromosomal marker, deletion (3)(p14–23), that is associated with and diagnostic of SCLC.
Enabling Modular Design Platforms for Complex Systems

In recent times, an emerging trend in several industries that have adopted Model-Based Design has been holistic product platforms where a single systems design is reused and customized to meet diverse customer requirements such as application, cost, and operational considerations. Many of these dynamic changes in nature have required system design component variations referred to as “variants” on top of a fixed master design. One approach to realize this is to create copies of the original design for each variant combination. Additionally, this requires a sophisticated traceability mechanism to propagate any changes in the design to the various implementations. An alternative approach is to design a modular architecture that can reference all the product variations within a single file. Different implementations can then be realized by selecting different system components through a scripting language. This approach promotes design reuse and provides a powerful mechanism to implement traceability. However, such a paradigm requires core tool functionality similar to those available in various UML/SysML implementations before being applied to a systems development process. In this paper, we introduce variant semantics for complex systems design for use within the Simulink modeling environment. We discuss their attributes which can be parametric or structural that can be used throughout the development process. In addition to improving the efficiency and development of product variations, variants present a variety of uses in the context of systems engineering workflows. For example, design exploration, where several alternatives exist for a component, can now be managed efficiently to simulate every design possibility in a combinatorial fashion for a given test suite. For large-scale problems, these simulations could be distributed to a high performance computing cluster for overall speedup through a scripting methodology. Design elaboration and integration is a challenging activity that can also be improved through the use of variants, where low fidelity components are replaced by more specialized one’s going from mathematical equations to physical or software elements. Since the order in which these components are integrated influence design quality and subsequent iterations, it is possible to carry out several separate integrations that increase confidence. Since there are a number of ways to modularize a design, we also outline a set of best practices for partitioning the design variations for scalability and maintainability. Using Simulink-based examples, we illustrate the above scenarios and outline strategies on how organizations can leverage these possibilities to reuse while enhancing their existing knowledge to meet system design challenges of the future.
Effects of dietary salt supplementation on growth, body composition, tissue electrolytes, and gill and intestinal Na+/K+ ATPase activities of black sea bass reared at low salinity

Abstract Two feeding trials were conducted to investigate the effects of dietary sea salt supplementation on growth and survival of black sea bass Centropristis striata reared under sub-optimal salinity conditions at 15 and 10 g L− 1. In experiment 1, six iso-nitrogenous (46% crude protein) and iso-lipidic (10% lipid) test diets containing a mineral premix were formulated to supplement graded levels (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, and 12.5% dry wt.) of natural sea salt (99.9% NaCl). Diets were fed twice daily to juveniles (mean wt. = 8 g) held in triplicate 75-L tanks at a salinity level of 15 g L− 1 under controlled laboratory conditions for 56 days. In experiment 2, six natural salt-based diets as in experiment 1 and another diet with 0% salt and no mineral mix were formulated. Diets (experiment 2) were fed to triplicate groups of fish (mean wt. = 9.37 g) held at 10 g L− 1 salinity for 70 days. In both experiments, final survival was 78–97%, with no treatment differences. At 15 g L− 1 (experiment 1), no differences in weight gain were observed among dietary salt treatments. In contrast, a 5% salt diet significantly (P 5% salt at 10 g L− 1 showed higher survival when challenged with a further reduction in salinity to 4 g L− 1. Gill Na+/K+ ATPase activities appeared to be higher in fish fed the diet with highest level (12.5%) of supplemental salt, whereas intestinal Na+/K+ ATPase activity appeared to be maximal at lower levels of dietary salt. Irrespective of dietary salt treatment, black sea bass juveniles maintained good growth and survival and normal whole body electrolyte concentrations at rearing salinities of 10 and 15 g L− 1, indicating that these fish are good osmoregulators and could be potentially cultured under these low salinities. The results indicate that dietary salt supplementation at 5% improved growth and averted mortality under low salinity conditions. These findings may enable black sea bass to be grown in recirculating aquaculture systems in low-salinity brackish water. Relevance with commercial aquaculture These results indicate that dietary salt supplementation may be used to avert mortality when a producer is faced with adversely low salinity conditions due to weather and tides as may occur in coastal black sea bass fish farms sourcing brackish water from tidal creeks.
Memory: The Majestic Case of an Amnestic Trace.

Summary Memories formed during infancy are forgotten in adulthood, a phenomenon called ‘infantile amnesia’. New research suggests that these memories can be artificially recovered in adulthood, suggesting that they were never completely lost in the first place.
Scalar metrics for structural acoustic system analysis and differentiation

As computational resources continue to grow and as researchers are better able to harness these resources, the size and complexity of numerical models for studying structural acoustic systems will only increase. However, despite these ever larger models, there remains a need to reduce the results into an easily interpreted form. In this work, a variety of scalar metrics—where scalar metric is used to refer to any scalar-valued function of either frequency or time—are presented and evaluated for their utility in displaying relevant features of structural acoustic models. Particular attention is paid to metrics that allow an analyst to differentiate between related models, such as when performing a design study where several different options are being considered. The metrics are ranked for several example problems according to how well they describe the features of interest as well as how readily they may be computed.
Ethnography, Neighborhood Effects, and the Rising Heterogeneity of Poor Neighborhoods across Cities:

In the 1980s and 1990s, researchers came to understand poor urban neighborhoods as blighted, depopulated areas, based on important ethnographic observations in a handful of cities. This image helpe...
Characteristics and Precipitating Circumstances of Suicide Among Incarcerated Youth.

Objective Studies show incarcerated youth are at increased risk for suicidal behavior, yet little is known about factors associated with suicide for this population. Using a nationally representative sample, this study examined characteristics and precipitating circumstances of suicide in incarcerated youth decedents compared with youth suicide decedents in the general population. Method Data were analyzed for suicide decedents 10- to 24-years-old (N = 10,126) in the United States from 2003 through 2012 from the National Violent Death Reporting System. Logistic regression compared precipitating circumstances of suicide for incarcerated youth decedents and those not in custody. Details on suicide deaths in detained youth were captured from coroner/medical examiner and law enforcement reports associated with each incident. Results Most youth suicide decedents were older, white, and male regardless of incarceration status. Incarcerated youth suicide decedents were more likely to die by hanging, strangulation, or suffocation and less likely to disclose suicide intent, leave a suicide note, or exhibit depressive symptoms compared with those not in custody. Additional risk factors for suicide were not significantly different between youth decedents in custody and those not in custody, suggesting that unique aspects of the incarceration environment could be associated with an increased risk of suicide. Conclusion Study findings highlight the need for early suicide risk detection and developmentally relevant interventions tailored for youth in correctional settings. Future efforts should include evaluation studies to support suicide prevention programs designed for incarcerated youth and research that examines distinctive factors associated with suicidal behavior in youth in custody.
Clinical Implications of Circulating Tumor DNA Tumor Mutational Burden (ctDNA TMB) in Non‐Small Cell Lung Cancer

Background Tissue tumor mutational burden (TMB) has emerged as a potential biomarker predicting response to anti-programmed cell death-1 protein receptor (PD-1)/programmed cell death-1 protein ligand (PD-L1) therapy, but few studies have explored using circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) TMB in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Materials and methods A total of 136 patients with NSCLC with ctDNA testing were retrospectively evaluated from a single institution, along with a validation cohort from a second institution. ctDNA TMB was derived using the number of detected mutations over the DNA sequencing length. Results Higher ctDNA TMB was significantly correlated with smoking history (p Conclusion The findings indicate that higher ctDNA TMB, at the current commercial sequencing length, reflects worse clinical outcomes. Implications for practice Biomarkers to identify patients who will respond to immune checkpoint blockade are critical. Tissue tumor mutational burden (TMB) has emerged as a viable biomarker to predict response to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy, but few studies have explored the meaning and potential clinical significance of noninvasive, blood-based TMB. Here, we investigated circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) TMB and present data demonstrating that current ctDNA TMB may reflect tumor burden and that ctDNA panels with a greater number of mutations may be necessary to more accurately reflect tissue TMB.