cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Building top management muscle in a slow growth environment: how different is better at Greyhound Financial Corporation

Executive Overview The turbulence experienced in the 1980s in the U.S. Business environment has led to something of a motivational crisis among corporate managers. Increased competition, budget constraints, and changing demographics are forcing companies into adopting strategies geared toward downsizing and flatter organizational structures. While corporate America probably has begun to accept its leaner profile, it has not yet successfully addressed the issue of how to keep the best managerial talent “tuned in and turned on” in an era of dwindling resources. This article describes and assesses one corporation's efforts to maintain top-managerial motivation through a unique form of job swapping called the “Muscle Building” program at Greyhound Financial Corporation in Phoenix, Arizona. Muscle building, a top-management job rotation program, helps prevent career gridlock, fosters management diversity, and provides for top-management succession. “Hidden” costs and benefits of the program and issues concerni...
Complex Life Cycles in a Variable Environment: Predicting When the Timing of Metamorphosis Shifts from Resource Dependent to Developmentally Fixed.

abstract: To test models of the timing of and size at metamorphosis, researchers manipulate food at several times during the larval phase of an animal's complex life cycle. Data from diverse taxa show that the age at metamorphosis becomes resource independent (i.e., fixed) at some point during the larval phase. Although existing models have been modified to incorporate a fixed rate of development, none predicts when phenotypic plasticity in metamorphic timing is lost. A graphical model is presented that extends knowledge of a genotype's optimal age and size at metamorphosis in different environments in which resources remain constant throughout the larval phase (i.e., the genotype's reaction norm) to predict when development rate becomes fixed in response to resource variability during the larval phase. Model predictions concur with data from food‐switching experiments on anuran tadpoles and barnacle nauplii. As interest in the timing of and size at metamorphosis expands from well‐studied taxa (e.g., amph...
Buried Underwater Object Classification Using a Collaborative Multi-Aspect Classifier

In this paper, a new collaborative multi-aspect classification system (CMAC) is introduced. CMAC utilizes a group of collaborative decision-making agents capable of producing a high-confidence final decision based on features obtained over multiple aspects. This system is then applied to a buried underwater target classification problem. The results show that CMAC provides excellent multi-ping classification of mine-like objects while simultaneously reducing the number of false alarms compared to a multi-ping decision-level fusion classifier.
Dynamics of inner mappings

We study properties of invariant sets of dynamical systems generated by inner mappings. We prove that if x is a nonwandering point of a finitely multiple inner mapping, then not only its positive trajectory O+(x) consists of nonwandering points but also the negative trajectory O−(x) contains at least one partial semitrajectory consisting of nonwandering points.
Effects of prenatal immune activation and peri-adolescent stress on amphetamine-induced conditioned place preference in the rat.

Rationale Addiction is a disease of learning and memory, as learning processes underlying acquisition, extinction, and reinstatement of drug-paired associations play central roles in addiction. Early developmental stress enhances risk for drug problems in adulthood. Environmental factors influencing learning and memory processes relevant to addiction remain incompletely characterized.
Theoretical determination of surface magnetism (invited)

The theoretical determination of the magnetic structure of surfaces within the (local) spin‐density formalism is briefly described. The feasibility of using such methods for determining delicate magnetic quantities is illustrated by calculation of (1) the Knight shift of the paramagnetic Pt(001) surface, (2) the magnetization of the clean and Ag‐covered Fe(001) surface, and (3) the effect of a p(1×1) H overlayer on the magnetization of a Ni(001) surface. These results demonstrate that it is possible not only to make quantitative predictions for real systems, but more importantly, to gain insight into the underlying physics at surfaces.
What You Use Still Depends On What You Have Information Effects in Presidential Elections, 1972-1988

This article extends earlier work on the effects of information on the vote choice decision. The general model predicts that voters at higher levels of information will use more cues to vote choice and will relate them together more cohesively than those at lower levels. More specifically, those at high levels of information will be more likely to rely on issues as a determinant of their vote choices. Earlier work showed support for this hypothesis in the 1976 presidential election. The results presented here show that, although there are significant differences in how cues to vote choice are used across elections, the pattern of differences across information levels persists across the five elections between 1972 and 1988.
Biprotonic versus intramolecular phototautomerism of salicylic acid and some of its methylated derivatives in the lowest excited singlet state

Abstract Salicylic acid demonstrates intramolecular proton transfer (phototautomerism) in its uncharged and singly charged anionic species in both chloroform and aqueous media. Methyl salicylate on the other hand, exhibits intramolecular phototautomerism in chloroform but in aqueous media phototautomerism appears to be biprotonic, involving diffusion limited protonation of the carboxyl group and dissociation of the hydroxyl group by the solvent. The biprotonic process in methyl salicylate is complete, during the lifetime of the excited state in moderately concentrated acid solutions but is incomplete in dilute acid media.
A sounding rocket payload for x-ray observations of the Cygnus Loop

We present a new sounding rocket payload that will perform high resolution (R~100) x-ray spectroscopy of diffuse celestial x-ray sources. The instrument features a new geometry that allows for high resolution along with high throughput. A wire grid collimator constrains light from diffuse sources into a converging beam that feeds an array of diffraction gratings in the extreme off-plane mount. Starting with launch in 2006 we can obtain physical diagnostics of supernova remnants such as the Cygnus Loop and ultimately the hot phase of the interstellar medium.
Decreased Urinary Polyamines in Patients with Psoriasis Treated with Etretinate

Oral administration of the aromatic retinoid etretinate is effective therapy for psoriasis and other epidermal hyperproliferative disorders. Since polyamine metabolism is known to be important in cell growth and differentiation, we measured urinary levels of the polyamines putrescine, spermidine, and spermine as a reflection of cutaneous polyamine metabolism in 19 psoriatic patients treated with etretinate for 16 weeks. Using thin-layer chromatography, polyamine determinations were performed on urine collected pretherapy, during therapy, and 8 weeks after therapy was concluded. Good to excellent clearing of psoriasis occurred in 18 of 19 patients. All urinary polyamines showed a downward trend in the first week of therapy, prior to significant clinical improvement. At week 16 of therapy, the greatest reduction in mean urinary polyamine content occurred. Mean putrescine levels decreased from pretherapy to week 16 by 27% ( p p p = 0.005). These data are consistent with the hypothesis that etretinate inhibits polyamine biosynthesis.
Synthesis and structure of Ba5(Mo4O6)8: a compound having the NaMo4O6 structure type and superlattice ordering of barium ions

Abstract The compound of composition Ba0.62Mo4O6 has been found to have a superstructure involving ordering of Ba2+ ions in the channels of the NaMo4O6 structure type. Structure refinements on both the subcell (and supercell) lead to the cell parameters a = 9.509(2) (9.517(1)) A , b = 9.825(2) (9.822(1)) A , c = 2.853(1) (22.813(4)) A , Z = 2, space group Pbam, R = 0.081 (0.064), Rw = 0.123 (0.077). Refinement of the occupation numbers for the Ba2+ sites in the supercell lead to the formula Ba5(Mo4O6)8, which reflects an ordering of Ba2+ in five of eight sites in the channels, each Ba2+ having a coordination environment of eight oxygen atoms in a distorted cubic arrangement. Within the infinite edge-shared octahedral cluster chains (Mo4O6 units) a remarkable alternation of average Mo-Mo bond distances and bond order sums, in the pattern large, small, large, …, has been found between adjacent cluster units. This effect has been correlated with Mo-Mo bond distortions observed in other compounds with closely related structures, and attributed to electronic effects arising from electron counts greater than 13 per Mo4O6 unit and release of symmetry constraints connected. with the larger supercell.
Use of an Amplatz Dilator to Facilitate Transrectal Abscess Drainage in Children

Image-guided transrectal drainage is an effective treatment option for many deep pelvic abscesses in children. Currently, a variety of imaging and catheter techniques are used to access and drain these abscesses. The present report describes an approach for introducing the transrectal catheter by using transabdominal ultrasound guidance to direct transrectal advancement of an Amplatz dilator with coaxial placement of the metal cannula and inner trocar from a pigtail catheter set, followed by placement of the pigtail catheter via Seldinger technique. This approach eliminates some of the limitations of other transrectal techniques. The present report describes a single-institutional experience with this technique in 13 patients.
The Goblin Spider Genus Scaphiella (Araneae, Oonopidae)

Abstract The goblin spider genus Scaphiella Simon is characterized by several unique characters, including peculiarly shaped macrosetae found medially on the chelicerae and basally on the palpal tarsi of both sexes. The genus is restricted to the New World tropics, except for one species collected in far southern Florida; as revised here, the group comprises 61 species, all of which have small distribution ranges and 49 of which are newly described: S. longkey from Florida; S. campeche, S. tuxtla, S. palenque, S. cocona, and S. palmillas from southern Mexico; S. cayo from Belize; S. mico from Guatemala; S. ceiba, S. lancetilla, and S. muralla from Honduras; S. bopal from Nicaragua; S. vito, S. hitoy, S. virgen, and S. osa from Costa Rica; S. antonio, S. altamira, and S. hone from Costa Rica and Panama; S. bocas and S. almirante from Panama; S. bonda, S. meta, and S. vicencio from Colombia; S. pich, S. napo, S. tena, S. incha, and S. chone from Ecuador; S. pago from Peru; S. manaus, S. irmaos, S. capim, S....
Direct Measurement of Intracardiac Blood Flow in Dogs with Experimental Ventricular Septal Defects

Experimental ventricular septal defects (VSD9s) were produced in dogs under general anesthesia by excising a 9-mm core of tissue from the septum with a cylindrical cutting tool. A specially designed electromagnetic flow transducer was wedged into the defect compressing the septal tissue around it, thus causing all of the shunted blood to pass through the lumen. The sensing electrodes were in direct contact with the blood stream, allowing the transducer to be calibrated externally, and to be used as a primary standard of measurement. When left-to-right shunts were measured by the Fick technique, the average error was 57percnt; (2% to 154%). When pulmonary arterial oxygen saturation exceeded 85%, measurements using the Fick method showed errors greater than 30% (61% to 154%) in 9 of 11 animals. The VSD9s were of moderate size and resulted in right ventricular systolic pressures between 1/4; and 1/2; of systemic. The flow pattern and the interventricular pressure difference were remarkably similar in contour. Delay in right ventricular activation occurred in most animals as a result of surgical disturbance of the conduction system. Diastolic shunting, which varied between 15% and 25% of the total, was noted in animals with or without changes in conduction pattern. The sequence of ventricular activation was an important factor in controlling systolic shunting and may be an important factor in the distribution of myocardial work.
The commercialization of federally sponsored technological innovations

In a study of 40 federally sponsored innovation projects from five government agencies (UMTA, MARAD, DOE, NSF, and EPA), 35 of these cases had complete data on all variables for path analysis. Significantly, it was found that the probability of commercial succes of these innovations is predicted by the degree to which the innovations incorporate incremental as opposed to radically new technology (p<0.01), the pricing potential of the product or process (p<0.05) and the ease of introduction and implementation of the innovation (p<0.05). These three variables were found to account for 59% of the valid variance in potential commercial success. The project market potential, surprisingly, did not predict the probability of commercial success. It seems likely that the high percentage of projects in the sample that fell between certain commercial success and failure or were unresolved commercially could account for this result. No significant differences were found across the five agencies or the dependent variables of the study.
Critical behavior of the magnetic susceptibility of GdNi2

Abstract We find the low field magnetic susceptibility of the ferromagnet, GdNi 2 , is describable by the molecular field model to within approximately 8°K of the ordering temperature below which there are deviations which are consistent with short range order effects.
Methane thermodynamics in nanoporous ice : A new methane reservoir on Titan

[1] A porous, icy regolith has been proposed to house a methane/ethane/nitrogen liquid reservoir on Titan. The thermodynamics of such a mesoporous reservoir with a pore diameter fixed at 2 mm are equivalent to the previously proposed surface ocean. This work shows that if such a porous hydrocarbon/nitrogen reservoir contains a significant volume within pores of nanometer dimension, then the modification of methane thermodynamics through the Kelvin effect significantly changes the reservoir-atmosphere interaction on Titan. We measure the capillary uptake of pure methane liquid into well-characterized ice grown at temperatures and partial pressures simulating Titan at present. From these results, a model of a nanoporous reservoir housing the methane/ethane/nitrogen solution is constructed. Modifying a previously published analytical climate model for Titan to incorporate such a reservoir, we report calculations of the coupled reservoir-atmosphere system. This modification leads to a very sensitive dependence of the state of the atmosphere on the total reservoir volume. In particular, assuming a nanoporous volume distribution reported here, calculations show that such a reservoir must comprise at least 1.5% of a 10 km deep ice regolith in order to yield a climate consistent with that currently observed on Titan. In contrast to the mesoporous model, it reduces the sensitivity of the system to temperature, mitigating the runaway greenhouse effect observed in the previous model. Furthermore, the model indicates that in a past epoch a surface ocean subsided into the reservoir as the total surface liquid volume reduced with time.
Thrombolites of the lower devonian Manlius Formation of central New York

The Manlius Formation of the Lower Devonian Helderberg Group in central New York State contains decimeter-scale thrombolites. Internally, thrombolites comprise centimeter-scale, digitate to irregularly-shaped clots surrounded by skeletal wackestone. The clots are composed of variable amounts of: 1) millimeter-scale hemispheroids with radial and concentric structure that resembleKeega; 2)Renalcis-like forms; 3) stromatolitic laminae of mudstone; 4) peloidal mudstone laminae with filament molds; and 5) rare fossils. The thrombolites themselves are interbedded with grainstones, mudstones, graded beds, and intraclastic conglomerates. A low diversity fauna is found in many of these associated rocks.
Curricular Coherence and the Common Core State Standards for Mathematics

In this work, we explored the relationship of the Common Core State Standards in Mathematics (CCSSM) to student achievement. Building on techniques developed for the Third International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS), we found a very high degree of similarity between CCSSM and the standards of the highest-achieving nations on the 1995 TIMSS. A similar analysis revealed wide variation in the proximity of state standards in effect in 2009 to the CCSSM. Finally, we used regression and analysis of covariance techniques to assess the relationship between the proximity of a state’s standards to the CCSSM and performance on the 2009 National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP). After adjusting for cut-points on state assessments and controlling for state demographics related to socioeconomic status and poverty, we found that states with standards more like the CCSSM, on average, had higher NAEP scores.
Methodology of a randomized double-blind clinical trial for comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder and alcohol dependence

Introduction: Alcohol dependence (AD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are each associated with profound disruptions in psychological, social, and physical functioning, and these disruptions are compounded in individuals with both disorders. Comorbidity between the two disorders is high, with the risk for AD increasing substantially among individuals with PTSD and, conversely, PTSD is highly prevalent among people experiencing AD. Aims: Given the increased impairment associated with this comorbidity, it is imperative to develop effective treatments for individuals who experience both disorders. Methods: This paper describes the methodology of a study that examines the efficacy of prolonged exposure therapy alone, naltrexone alone, and their combination compared to pill placebo in reducing the severity of PTSD and alcohol use in individuals with comorbid AD and PTSD. Discussion: Issues related to design, assessment, treatment choice, and challenges posed by the study population are discussed.
New evidence on the state of stress of the San Andreas fault system

Contemporary in situ tectonic stress indicators along the San Andreas fault system in central California show northeast-directed horizontal compression that is nearly perpendicular to the strike of the fault. Such compression explains recent uplift of the Coast Ranges and the numerous active reverse faults and folds that trend nearly parallel to the San Andreas and that are otherwise unexplainable in terms of strike-slip deformation. Fault-normal crustal compression in central California is proposed to result from the extremely low shear strength of the San Andreas and the slightly convergent relative motion between the Pacific and North American plates. Preliminary in situ stress data from the Cajon Pass scientific drill hole (located 3.6 kilometers northeast of the San Andreas in southern California near San Bernardino, California) are also consistent with a weak fault, as they show no right-lateral shear stress at approximately 2-kilometer depth on planes parallel to the San Andreas fault.
Evidence for bottom-trapped topographic Rossby waves from single moorings

Abstract Current-meter observations near 39°N, 70°W, on the continental rise, provide evidence that the motions with periods of 1 to 2 weeks are dominated by baroclinic topographic Rossby waves which decay upward from the bottom. Temperature and up-slope velocity are coherent and in quadrature at these frequencies, as predicted. The kinetic energy structure versus depth is consistent with horizontal wavelengths of 100 to 200 km. The spectra drop abruptly for periods shorter than a week, the shortest period the model says the slope and stratification around Site D can maintain. The principal axis of the velocity shifts from nearly perpendicular to the isobaths at 1-week period to nearly along the isobaths at long periods, in satisfactory quantitative agreement with the model.
Direct, DNA pol-γ-independent effects of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors on mitochondrial bioenergetics

Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI)-induced cardiomyopathy has been suggested to reflect mitochondrial targets of drug toxicity. The prevailing hypothesis is that, through structural mimicry, the NRTIs are mistaken as substrates for DNA polymerase and incorporated into replicating DNA, where they cause truncation of the elongating strand. Although there exist five forms of nuclear DNA polymerase, mitochondria possess solely DNA polymerase-γ (pol-γ), which is a preferred target for most NRTIs. Consequently, mitochondria are particularly susceptible to inhibition of DNA replication by the NRTIs, which is consistent with the phenotype of mitochondrial depletion and metabolic failure in affected patients. However, the DNA pol-γ hypothesis by itself fails to explain the entire array of metabolic deficiencies associated with NRTI-induced disorders. In this article, we review the published literature regarding the direct effects of NRTIs on various mitochondrial targets and suggest the possibility that the initiating event in NRTI-induced cardiomyopathy is a direct mitochondrial toxicity rather than inhibition of mitochondrial DNA pol-γ. The goal of this review is to encourage a discussion of the cause of NRTI-induced mitochondrial cardiomyopathy to include a fresh consideration of all possible targets and integrating pathways that are involved in establishing mitochondrial bioenergetic fidelity and metabolic capacity in the affected myocardium.
Floc restructuring in varied turbulent mixing

Abstract Floc structure was examined after the following mixing program: (i) 1 min of intense initial mixing of latex spheres with an aluminum coagulant (characteristic velocity gradient, G i = 1500s −1 ), (ii) slow flocculation for 30 min at G f = 35s −1 , (iii) breakup for 1 min in the range G b = 150–1800s −1 , (iv) reflocculation for 30 min at G r = 35s −1 , and (v) quiescent settling (60 min). Depending upon the level of energy input during the short breakup step, significant alterations were found in the final floc characteristics. The density and fractal dimension of all floc subjected to the above mixing steps were greater than those for the standard mixing conditions, which did not include the breakup and reflocculation steps. However, floc properties did not vary monotonically with increasing breakup mixing intensity. For example, floc density passed through several minima and maxima over the range of G b examined. These and other measurements of the floc size distribution following breakup are shown to support the multilevel floc model.
Range and dE dx of C, N, O, F, and Ne in Be and C from 500 keV to 2 MeV

Ranges of C, N, O, F, and Ne in Be and of O and Ne in C have been measured with an accuracy of 3.4 to 9.2% in energy intervals of 100 to 150 keV in the energy region from 500 keV to 2 MeV. Additional measurements from 200 to 500 keV have been made for C and O in Be and for O in C. The results are compared with the Lindhard-Scharff-Schi\o{}tt theory and with a range obtained by numerically integrating a ${(\frac{\mathrm{dE}}{\mathrm{dx}})}_{\mathrm{total}}$ obtained by adding Firsov's prediction of $\frac{\mathrm{dE}}{\mathrm{dx}}$ due to electronic excitation to the LSS prediction of $\frac{\mathrm{dE}}{\mathrm{dx}}$ for elastic nuclear scattering. The experimental ranges at the low-energy end agree within experimental accuracy to the LSS theory for F and Ne in Be and for Ne in C, but the C-in-Be measurements disagree by as much as 29%. At the high-energy end the disagreement varies from 11% for Ne in C to 24% for O and N in Be. The experimental values are always lower than the theoretical values; but the LSS theory does give the correct relative magnitudes of the ranges, though only qualitatively. In comparison with the Firsov predictions, the over-all disagreement is no worse than 13% for C and N in Be and for O in C, but is as high as 30-37% for F and Ne in Be. The corresponding stopping powers are obtained by differentiating the range-energy curves. At any energy O, F, and Ne in Be and Ne in C have nearly the same $\frac{\mathrm{dE}}{\mathrm{dx}}$, while the $\frac{\mathrm{dE}}{\mathrm{dx}}$ of O in C is the lowest. These derived $\frac{\mathrm{dE}}{\mathrm{dx}}$ values generally agree with the directly measured values and are 2 to 30% higher than the LSS predictions. The derived $\frac{\mathrm{dE}}{\mathrm{dx}}$ values are lower than the Firsov predictions by 2 to 42%, with the difference between theory and experiment tending to increase with increasing atomic number of the ion.
Exact linear dispersion relation for the Sigmund model of ion sputtering

The exact linear dispersion relation is obtained for the Sigmund model, a model which forms the basis of nearly all theories of the nanoscale patterns produced by ion bombardment of solid surfaces. It is demonstrated that the amplitude of a surface disturbance of short wavelength grows exponentially in time, and so the Sigmund model is ill defined unless one or more smoothing terms are added to the equation of motion. It is also shown that effective surface diffusion [M. A. Makeev and A.-L. Barab\'asi, Appl. Phys. Lett. 71, 2801 (1997)] cannot be the only physical mechanism that smoothes the solid surface, even at low temperatures.
The wear of high density polyethylene sliding against steel surfaces

Abstract The wear of high density polyethylene sliding against steel surfaces was studied with a pin-on-disc machine. The disc surfaces were finished by a turning operation on a lathe, changing the cutting conditions and tool geometries so as to provide varying surface finishes and different numbers of asperity peaks per unit distance. Optical and scanning electron microscopy were used to study the wear particles and the transfer films. It is found that a polymer film composed of layers about 500–1000 A thick is formed on the metallic surfaces with sharp asperities. The size of the polymer wear particles decreases with increasing number of asperity peaks per unit distance and with decreasing asperity angle. The steady state wear rate increases rapidly with increasing polymer wear particle size. The wear for polymermetal sliding occurs by the mechanism of abrasion.
Forecasting energy consumption of multi-family residential buildings using support vector regression: Investigating the impact of temporal and spatial monitoring granularity on performance accuracy

Abstract Buildings are the dominant source of energy consumption and environmental emissions in urban areas. Therefore, the ability to forecast and characterize building energy consumption is vital to implementing urban energy management and efficiency initiatives required to curb emissions. Advances in smart metering technology have enabled researchers to develop “sensor based” approaches to forecast building energy consumption that necessitate less input data than traditional methods. Sensor-based forecasting utilizes machine learning techniques to infer the complex relationships between consumption and influencing variables (e.g., weather, time of day, previous consumption). While sensor-based forecasting has been studied extensively for commercial buildings, there is a paucity of research applying this data-driven approach to the multi-family residential sector. In this paper, we build a sensor-based forecasting model using Support Vector Regression (SVR), a commonly used machine learning technique, and apply it to an empirical data-set from a multi-family residential building in New York City. We expand our study to examine the impact of temporal (i.e., daily, hourly, 10 min intervals) and spatial (i.e., whole building, by floor, by unit) granularity have on the predictive power of our single-step model. Results indicate that sensor based forecasting models can be extended to multi-family residential buildings and that the optimal monitoring granularity occurs at the by floor level in hourly intervals. In addition to implications for the development of residential energy forecasting models, our results have practical significance for the deployment and installation of advanced smart metering devices. Ultimately, accurate and cost effective wide-scale energy prediction is a vital step towards next-generation energy efficiency initiatives, which will require not only consideration of the methods, but the scales for which data can be distilled into meaningful information.
Avoid sleepiness while driving.

Returning to the office after a long work day, Kristin, a hospice nurse, learns that the nighttime on-call nurse is ill. Kristin agrees to take call and hopes it will be a slow night. Now it is 2 am and Kristin has to travel to a client's home. Yawning repeatedly and driving over the rumble strip on the highway, she turns on the radio and opens the car window to the chill air, trying to shock herself into alertness. Language: en
13C-NMR Experimental Methods for Determination of Resonance Multiplicities: Strychnos Alkaloids

13C-NMR spectral assignments of the Strychnos alkaloids brucine and strychnine have been reported by numerous investigators. One recent report contained several disparities in the assignments that were attributable to incorrect determinations of spin multiplicities. The source of the inaccuracies in the spin-multiplicity determinations of very complex molecules is discussed, and several additional techniques for the determination of these multiplicities are described that are less subject to interpretational errors than the conventional and routinely employed single-frequency off-resonance decoupling methods. These procedures are applied using brucine as a representative example.
Propaganda and Collective Behavior: Who Is Doing It, How Does It Affect Us, and What Can We Do about It?

The authors present activities that help students understand collective behavior in historical and contemporary settings. This topic is particularly appropriate for social studies content areas such as sociology, psychology, American history, and world history, yet it can also be included in the curriculum of other subject areas, such as language arts, fine arts, and educational technology. The authors present a unit plan that encourages students to make informed consumer decisions not only for themselves, but also for the common good. The lessons help students understand their own collective behavior through popular cultural messages such as movie segments, radio transcripts, and media advertisements.
Effects of ionizing radiation on expression of genes encoding cytoskeletal elements: Kinetics and dose effects

We examined the modulation in expression of genes encoding three cytoskeletal elements (beta-actin, gamma-actin, and alpha-tubulin) in Syrian hamster embryo (SHE) cells following exposure to ionizing radiations. Early-passage SHE cells were irradiated in plateau phase with various low doses (12-200 cGy) of neutrons, gamma-rays, or x-rays. RNA samples were prepared from cells at different times postexposure and were analyzed for levels of specific transcripts by northern blots. The results revealed that alpha-tubulin was induced by both high-linear energy of transfer (LET) (neutrons) and low-LET (gamma-rays and x-rays) radiations with similar kinetics. The peak in alpha-tubulin mRNA accumulation occurred between 1 and 3 h postexposure; for gamma-actin mRNA, accumulation was similarly induced. For both gamma-actin and alpha-tubulin, the higher the dose during the first hour postexposure (up to 200 cGy gamma-rays), the greater the level of mRNA induction. In contrast, mRNA specific for beta-actin showed decreased accumulation during the first hour following radiation exposure, and remained low up to 3 h postexposure. These results document the differential modulation of genes specific for cytoskeletal elements following radiation exposure. In addition, they demonstrate a decrease in the ratio of beta-actin:gamma-actin mRNA within the first 3 h following gamma-ray exposure. These changes in mRNA accumulation are similar to those reported in some transformed cell lines and in cells treated with tumor promoters, which suggests a role for changes in actin- and tubulin-mRNA expression in radiation-mediated transformation.
Forensic Analysis of Chlorinated Hydrocarbon Plumes in Groundwater: a Multi-Site Perspective

Abstract Forensic analyses of chlorinated hydrocarbon plumes typically entail reviews of site records, flow and transport modeling, and analysis of indicator compounds to gain insights into the behavior of a contaminant plume in the subsurface. Such approaches are directed toward unraveling the specific circumstances associated with the disposal history and hydrogeology of a site. A complimentary approach is to compare the behavior of a particular plume with a population of plumes from other sites that may be influenced by similar mechanisms (e.g. transformation processes such as reductive dehalogenation). In other words, hypotheses pertaining to plume behavior can be tested against a knowledge base of what is typical behavior and what is not. To address this proposed methodology, three example applications of statistical techniques to a multi-site data set are presented to provide background for problems that may be pertinent to forensic analyses. These examples include measuring the frequency of association between selected chlorinated hydrocarbon compounds, assessing the effects of transformation processes on temporal concentration trends in populations of groundwater monitoring wells, and dating plumes, in a relative sense, by concentration correlation analyses. In each case, the results of the statistical analyses are consistent with expectation, indicating that meaningful trends in chlorinated hydrocarbon plume behavior may be discerned from a diverse multi-site data set.
The Quality Of Care Delivered To Patients Within The Same Hospital Varies By Insurance Type

In attempting to explain why hospitals vary in the quality of care delivered to patients, a considerable body of health policy research points to differences in hospital characteristics such as ownership, safety-net status, and geographic location as the most important contributing factors. This article examines the extent to which a patient’s type or lack of insurance may also play a role in determining the quality of care received at any given hospital. We compared within-hospital quality, as measured by risk-adjusted mortality rates, for patients according to their insurance status. We examined the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality’s innovative Inpatient Quality Indicators and pooled 2006–08 State Inpatient Database records from eleven states. We found that privately insured patients had lower risk-adjusted mortality rates than did Medicare enrollees for twelve out of fifteen quality measures examined. To a lesser extent, privately insured patients also had lower risk-adjusted mortality rates ...
Paroxetine hydrochloride hemihydrate.

The structure of the title compound {systematic name: (3S-trans)-3-[(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yloxy)methyl]-4-(4- fluorophenyl)piperidinium chloride hemihydrate, C19H21FNO3+.Cl-.0.5H2O}, comprises two piperidinium cations (A and B), two chloride anions, and one water molecule in the asymmetric unit. A piperidinium proton of cation A is hydrogen bonded to the water molecule. The second proton points in the direction of one chloride anion, as does a piperidinium proton of cation B. One water proton points in the direction of another chloride anion.
Extension of optimality conditions via supporting functions

In this study we introduce the notion of supporting functions and exploit some of their important properties. We make use of these functions to develop generalized optimality conditions of a mixed stationary-saddle type, where the supporting functions play either the role of the gradients/directional derivatives and/or the role of the original functions. These conditions may be applied to certain problems involving nondifferentiable and/or nonconvex functions. Classical, as well as new stationary and saddle optimality conditions follow from our approach in a natural fashion.
Tricyclic diterpenoids of the dolastane ring system from the marine alga dictyota divaricata

Four new oxygenated tricyclic diterpenoids have been isolated from the Caribean brown alga Dictyota dicaricato. The strures of these new compounds were secured by an X-ray analysis of a convenient diol derivative ,followed by interconversion where possible. the new diterpenoids belong to the dolastane group first isolated from the herbivorous molluse Dolabella auricularia,and their isolation here indicated that the sea hare most likely derived these compounds from brown seaweeds of the family dictyotaceae.
Histopathology of hydrocephalus resulting from a deficiency of vit. B12.

SummaryFemale rats deficient in Vit. B12 produced offspring with a high incidence of hydrocephalus. The cerebral cortex of hydrocephalic brains was decreased in thickness and in some areas the ependyma was missing. Ependymal and choroid cellular morphology was deranged and the cells had accumulated lipide. Tall columnar-type cells normally present as an intact layer in the roof of the third ventricle and aqueduct of control rats were occasionally found in hydrocephalic brains with occluded aqueducts.
The prolonged administration of artificial respiration

Abstract A review and brief history, with bibliography and illustrations of the development of the apparatus described.
Numerical study of segregation using multiscale models

Segregation occurs ubiquitously and is an important process in mineral processing. Numerical simulation of the segregation phenomena can improve the understanding of the mechanisms and hence helps the optimisation of equipment and process designs. In this article, a multi-fluid model and a hybrid model are presented. Their capabilities of addressing various aspects of segregation problems in gas-solid flows are demonstrated. Specifically, the multi-fluid model treats both particles and fluid at the macroscopic continuum level. It can be employed to simulate segregation, given different particle types are treated as different solid phases. The hybrid model is derived using a concurrent multiscale modelling approach, where the discrete element method for solid particles is coupled with continuum fluid mechanics for the fluid phase. It is demonstrated to be able to capture segregation, which may be difficult to be predicted by the current multi-fluid model in some cases.
Comparative analysis of caffeine and 3-aminobenzamide as DNA repair inhibitors in Synrian baby hamster kidney cells

The effects of caffeine and 3-aminobenzamide (3-AB) on Syrian baby hamster kidney cells treated with DNA-alkylating agents and ultraviolet-light suggest that two different DNA-repair mechanisms are involved. Both these agents enhanced the cell kill after methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) treatment. However, enhanced lethality was observed only with caffeine post-treatment when cells were exposed to nitrogen mustard (HN2) or ultraviolet light (UV); 3-AB did not appreciably change cell killing by these agents. With MMS-treated cultures, the effect of caffeine was maximal about 16 h later. The effect of 3-AB on the other hand, was exerted during the first 4 h after exposure to MMS. Caffeine's effect on cell survival could be abolished by low concentrations of cycloheximide, whereas 3-AB's effect could not. Furthermore, the G2 block in cell cycle progression, after MMS treatment, was not observed if the cells were post-treated with caffeine. In the presence of 3-AB, MMS-treated cells were arrested in G2 phase at a much earlier time compared to cells not treated with 3-AB. Finally caffeine post-treatment produced a 10-fold increase in nuclear fragmentation in MMS-treated cells. 3-AB did not cause nuclear fragmentation by itself but further enhanced the nuclear fragmenting effect of caffeine when both agents were present during the posttreatment. Therefore, we propose that 3-AB and caffeine each prevent a different repair mechanism from being effective.
The emerging exotic ungulate livestock industry: A survey of current producers

Survey responses concerning the general aspects of current exotic operations and attitudes of current producers are presented. A wide diversity of exotic livestock operations was indicated by the respondents. Respondents were on average well educated and in high gross income brackets. Overall, the responses could be characterized as coming from producers involved in an industry in the introductory stage. Limited information and lack of knowledge concerning marketing issues were the major concerns indicated by the respondents concerning the development of the exotic venison industry. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor cross-talks with multiple signal transduction pathways.

Abstract Exposure to toxic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons raises a number of toxic and carcinogenic responses in experimental animals and humans mediated for the most part by the aryl hydrocarbon – or dioxin – receptor (AHR). The AHR is a ligand-activated transcription factor whose central role in the induction of drug-metabolizing enzymes has long been recognized. For quite some time now, it has become clear that the AHR also functions in pathways outside of its role in detoxification and that perturbation of these pathways by xenobiotic ligands may be an important part of the toxicity of these compounds. AHR activation by some of its ligands participates among others in pathways critical to cell cycle regulation, mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades, immediate-early gene induction, cross-talk within the RB/E2F axis and mobilization of crucial calcium stores. Ultimately, the effect of a particular AHR ligand may depend as much on the adaptive interactions that it established with pathways and proteins expressed in a specific cell or tissue as on the toxic responses that it raises.
A Microcomputer-Based Laboratory Aid for Visually Impaired Students

Built with high-performance industrial boards, this portable microcomputer functions both as a CP/M-based data acquisition and analysis system with voice output and as a talking scientific calculator.
Selective etch-back and growth of InGaAs on (100) Fe:InP by electroepitaxy

Selective etch-back prior to growth of InGaAs islands on SiO2-masked (100)Fe-doped InP substrates was performed by electroepitaxy. The etch-back of the substrate and the growth of the layer was done at a constant furnace temperature of 640° C by passing a direct electric current from the melt to the substrate for etch-back and from the substrate to the melt for growth. The current density used was 1 to 20 A/cm2 for a period from 15 to 60 min. The isolated InP regions were of various sizes (40 × 1000μm to 3000 × 3000μm), and different geometries (narrow and wide strips, square, circular). A uniform etch-back and uniform growth with excellent surface morphology was obtained on strips as wide as 200μm and on circles withd {100} > {011} > {111} B > {111} A.
An Adaptive Maximum Torque Per Amp Control Strategy

Maximum torque per amp (MTPA) control of induction motor drives seeks to achieve a desired torque with the minimal possible stator current, which is favorable in terms of inverter operation, and nearly optimal in terms of machine efficiency. This work demonstrates that existing MTPA controls perform sub-optimally as temperature varies. An adaptive MTPA control strategy is proposed that always achieves optimal performance regardless of rotor temperature and does so without exhibiting the hunting phenomenon. The proposed control is experimentally shown to (i) accurately achieve the desired torque, and (ii) always satisfy the maximum torque per amp condition
A Socially Embedded Model of Thriving at Work

Thriving describes an individual's experience of vitality and learning. The primary goal of this paper is to develop a model that illuminates the social embeddedness of employees' thriving at work. First, we explain why thriving is a useful theoretical construct, define thriving, and compare it to related constructs, including resilience, flourishing, subjective well-being, flow, and self-actualization. Second, we describe how work contexts facilitate agentic work behaviors, which in turn produce resources in the doing of work and serve as the engine of thriving. Third, we describe how thriving serves as a gauge to facilitate self-adaptation at work. We conclude by highlighting key theoretical contributions of the model and suggesting directions for future research.
Naturally occurring melioidosis in a colonized rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta)

An aged wild-caught male rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta), maintained in a research facility for 10 years, developed bilateral pelvic limb paralysis without other signs of disease. Unresponsive to therapy, the monkey was killed and necropsied. Chronic inflammation with osteolysis of thoracic vertebrae 10-13 was observed. Pseudomonas pseudomallei was cultured and identified from cerebrospinal fluid obtained at the site of the thoracic lesion. This Gram-negative bacterium can cause infection in animals and man and may remain latent for years before the appearance of clinical signs.
Analytical and Numerical Treatment of Flange Contact

This paper addresses contacts which occur in rail-wheel systems. In particular the edge effect caused by the gauge face of the rail is examined. The methods developed by the authors in a previous paper for contact analysis of a quarter space geometry are presently extended to investigate frictionless contacts near the edge of a wedge with varying wedge angles. Numerical results illustrate the effect of wedge angle on contact stress and contact area geometry. The loss in stiffness caused by proximity of the contact region to the gauge face of the rail is also quantified. To simulate side loading of the gauge face by the wheel flange, a modification of the analysis is made to accomodate frictionless contact on both faces of the wedge. Numerical results are given for the contact stress when symmetric contact is assumed.
Strategic characterization of anti-drug antibody responses for the assessment of clinical relevance and impact

All therapeutic proteins have the potential to induce anti-drug antibodies (ADA). Clinically relevant ADA can impact efficacy and/or safety of a biological therapeutic. Immunogenicity assessment strategy evaluates binding and neutralizing ADA, and the need for additional characterization (e.g., epitope, titer and so on) is determined using a risk-based approach. The choice of characterization assays depends on the type, application and immunogenicity of the therapeutic. ADA characterization can impact the interpretation of the risk profile of a given therapeutic, and offers insight into opportunities for risk mitigation and management. This article describes common ADA characterization methods. Strategic assessment and characterization of clinically relevant ADA are discussed, in order to support clinical options for safe and effective patient care and disease management.
An exploration of crime by policewomen

The current study explores criminal conduct by policewomen. This information is increasingly relevant as police departments hire more women, especially if the crimes committed by policewomen differ from those of policemen. News searches identified 105 cases depicting arrests of policewomen. A content analysis was performed. Findings indicate differences exist between crimes committed by policemen and policewomen, as well as by policewomen and women in general. Crime by policewomen is most often profit-motivated. Policewomen had fewer years of service and lower ranks, committed less violent crimes, and were more likely to receive suspensions for off-duty crimes compared to their male peers.