cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of dexamethasone on sodium-potassium-chloride cotransport in trabecular meshwork cells

Purpose Previous studies in the authors' laboratory have shown that bovine and human trabecular meshwork (TM) cells possess a robust sodium-potassium-chloride (Na-K-Cl) cotransport system that functions in regulating intracellular volume and may play a central role in modulating outflow facility across the TM. Dexamethasone, which can induce ocular hypertension, has been found to increase resistance to aqueous outflow across the TM. The current study was conducted to investigate the hypothesis that alteration of TM cell Na-K-Cl cotransport function, regulation, or both may be an underlying factor in steroid-induced glaucoma. To this end, the authors evaluated the effects of dexamethasone treatment of TM cells on Na-K-Cl cotransport activity and cotransporter protein expression. Methods Cultured bovine and human TM cell monolayers were exposed to dexamethasone (10(-9) to 10(-6) M) for varying times, then evaluated for Na-K-Cl cotransport activity or harvested for cellular membrane proteins. Cotransport activity was assessed as bumetanide-sensitive K influx. Cotransport protein expression was evaluated by Western blot analysis of cellular proteins using a monoclonal antibody to the human colonic T84 epithelial cell Na-K-Cl cotransporter. Results The authors found that 24- and 48-hour exposures of human and bovine TM cells to dexamethasone stimulates Na-K-Cl cotransport activity (10(-8) to 10(-6) M dexamethasone in human cells; 10(-8) and 10(-7) M in bovine cells). The authors also found that dexamethasone (10(-8) M) stimulates Na-K-Cl cotransport activity of TM cells with exposure times as early as 12 hours and up to 5 days. In addition, the authors found that the level of Na-K-Cl cotransport protein expressed in TM cells is modulated by dexamethasone. When bovine or human TM cells are exposed to 10(-8) or 10(-6) M dexamethasone for 2 to 5 days, cotransporter protein expression is increased. With longer exposures, however, cotransporter protein levels decrease below control levels. Finally, the authors found that TM cells exposed to dexamethasone become unresponsive to regulation by hypertonicity and vasopressin. Conclusions The authors' findings suggest that dexamethasone may be exerting its effect, at least in part, through altering Na-K-Cl cotransport function and regulation in TM cells.
Classification problem solving: a tutorial from an AI perspective

This paper is a tutorial discussion on classification problem solving, especially hierarchical classification. First we compare how pattern recognition and AI approaches to classification differ by pointing out how knowledge provides leverage against complexity, and thus point to the rationale behind knowledge-based systems. But we critique much of the work in knowledge-based systems, showing that important distinctions between various generic problem solving activities are often obscured by concentration on the implementation level of abstraction, such as “rules”, “logic”, or “frames”. We then argue that a generic task approach facilitates problem analysis, system design, knowledge acquisition and explanation of problem solving. We describe MDX, a medical diagnosis system that performs knowledge-based hierarchical classification, and motivate a number of issues in classification from that perspective. We also describe a high-level language called CSRL that is specially designed for hierarchical classification problem solving and show its power and utility.
A 4.7 mW W-Band LNA with 4.2 dB NF and 12 dB Gain Using Drain to Gate Feedback in 45nm CMOS RFSOI Technology

This paper presents a W-band low-noise amplifier using 45nm CMOS RFSOI. The amplifier topology consists of a two-stage common-source design followed by a one-stage cascode, with drain-to-gate feedback applied to the last stage to further increase the gain. The measured gain is > 10 dB at 80–95 GHz with a peak of 12 dB at 90 GHz. The measured noise figure (NF) is < 4.9 dB at 85–95 GHz with minimum of 4.2 dB at 90 GHz. This is achieved with a total power consumption of 4.7 mW. To our knowledge, this represents record-performance in term of gain, NF and power consumption at W-band for all silicon technologies.
Annals for Hospitalists Inpatient Notes - Nonexpert Leadership—Can Hospitalists Turn the Tide of Aggressive End-of-Life Hospital Care?

Aggressive care at the end of life is generally considered low value. Hospitalists, as nonexpert leaders, are perfectly positioned to shine a light on the negative effects of such care. Team-based ...
Interfacial Structure and Partitioning of Nitrate Ions in Reverse Micelles

The interfacial properties of NO3– were investigated using reverse micelles (RMs) in solution as proxies for sea spray aerosol (SSA) particles. By tuning the size of bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate sodium salt (AOT) RMs doped with NO3– we are able to isolate the vibrational signature of interfacial NO3– using infrared spectroscopy. The infrared spectrum of interfacial NO3– along the asymmetric-stretch coordinate (υ3) is blue-shifted and possesses smaller peak splitting relative to NO3– in aqueous solution. These observations are consistent with the reduced hydrogen-bonding availability of the interfacial region within the RM aqueous interior. We show that the partitioning of NO3– between the interfacial and core regions of the RM interior can be determined using a linear combination of interfacial and aqueous NO3– spectra. By fitting the interfacial partitioning curve of NO3– we demonstrate a method of determining quantitative interfacial affinity (χInterface) for ionic species doped within RMs.
KORVETATM - a new herbicide for the control of a wide range of broadleaf weeds in winter oilseed rape applied in spring

KORVETA™ herbicide is a novel selective post-emergence herbicide for use on winter oilseed rape applied as a spring application. KORVETA provides superior control of a wide range of important annual broad-leaved weeds in winter oilseed rape, including Centaurea cyanus, Galium aparine, Matricaria spp. and Papaver rhoeas, combined with a robust crop safety. KORVETA combines both actives Arylex and clopyralid and therefore contains two non-ALS mode of actions. While clopyralid has been widely used in oilseed rape in recent years, Arylex is a new auxinic herbicide for the post-emergence weed control of key broad-leaved weeds. Arylex is the first member of the ‘Arylpicolinate’ structural class, a new class within the HRAC Group O. The ISO common name of Arylex is ‘halauxifen-methyl’ (Dow AgroSciences, 2013). With a maximum use rate of 1 L /ha, KORVETA will deliver 4.8 g ae/ha of Arylex and 120 g ae/ha of clopyralid. KORVETA is formulated as an emulsifiable concentrate (EC). KORVETA will be applied as a single application from crop stage BBCH 30 up to BBCH 50 and will give growers a new tool to control the key broad-leaved weeds occurring in oilseed crop in the spring.
Design of an On-Chip mmWave LSNA with Load Pull and Advanced Signal Sources (Keynote)

We discuss the development of large-signal analysis, the role that on-wafer measurement and electro-optics has played in that development and the impediments to performing large-signal network analysis with load-pull at millimeter-wave frequencies. Then, after surveying approaches that have been tried in the past, we describe a program at NIST that leverages electro-optics, advances in high-frequency integrated circuits and on-wafer measurement approaches to design and construct an on-chip mmWave large-signal network analyzer with load pull and advanced signals sources. Finally, we discuss its mode of operation and present some preliminary results.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Yeast Kodamaea ohmeri, a Symbiont of the Small Hive Beetle

Kodamaea ohmeri is a symbiont of the small hive beetle (SHB), which is a scavenger of honey bee colonies. The SHB causes absconding of the economically important honey bee (Apis mellifera) and deposits K. ohmeri in the honeycomb. We describe long-read sequencing and further analyses of the K. ohmeri genome.
Characteristics of Professional Physical Therapist Faculty and Doctor of Physical Therapy Programs, 2008-2017: Influences on Graduation Rates and First-Time National Physical Therapy Examination Pass Rates

Objective Graduation rates and first-time National Physical Therapy Examination (NPTE) pass rates among Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) programs have ranged from 30% to 100% and 0% to 100% between 2008 and 2017, respectively. Prior studies on predictors of graduation rates and NPTE pass rates from DPT programs have used cross-sectional data and have not studied faculty data. This study sought to understand how trends in DPT faculty and program characteristics correlated with graduation rates and first-time NPTE pass rates. Methods This study was a retrospective panel analysis of yearly data from 231 programs between 2008 and 2017. Random effects models estimated the correlations between faculty and program characteristics regarding graduation rates and first-time NPTE pass rates. Results Graduation rates peaked when programs devoted 25% of faculty time, on average, to scholarship. The number of peer-reviewed publications was positively correlated with graduation rates; however, the trend was logarithmic, indicating a diminishing rise in graduation rates as the number of publications exceeded 1 per faculty full-time equivalent. Tenure-track status, faculty of color, and part-time faculty were all negatively correlated with first-time NPTE pass rates. However, these 3 trends are likely not meaningful, because the predicted rates of decline in pass rates were minimal. Conclusions Faculty engagement in scholarly activities can positively influence graduation rates, but only up to a certain level of faculty time devoted to scholarship. Impact This is the first study to provide data on the influence of faculty on DPT student outcomes and will help education programs develop strategies to improve those outcomes.
The combined effect of obesity and aging on human sperm DNA methylation signatures: inclusion of BMI in the paternal germ line age prediction model.

Male aging and obesity have both been shown to contribute to declines in fertility in men. Recent work in aging has shown consistent epigenetic changes to sperm as a man ages. In fact, our lab has built a tool that utilizes DNA methylation signatures from sperm to effectively predict an individual’s age. Herein, we performed this preliminary cohort study to determine if increased BMI accelerates the epigenetic aging in sperm. A total of 96 participants were divided into four age groups (22–24, 30, 40–41, and > 48 years of age) and additionally parsed into two BMI sub-categories (normal and high/obese). We found no statistically significant epigenetic age acceleration. However, it is important to note that within each age category, high BMI individuals were predicted to be older on average than their actual age (~ 1.4 years), which was not observed in the normal BMI group. To further investigate this, we re-trained a model using only the present data with and without BMI as a feature. We found a modest but non-significant improvement in prediction with BMI [r2 = 0.8814, mean absolute error (MAE) = 3.2913] compared to prediction without BMI (r2 = 0.8739, MAE = 3.3567). Future studies with higher numbers of age-matched individuals are needed to definitively understand the impact of BMI on epigenetic aging in sperm.
Abstract IA25: CREBBP: Not all mutations are created equal

Follicular lymphoma (FL) and the EZB/C3 subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) are characterized by frequent mutations of chromatin-modifying genes, including KMT2D, CREBBP, and EZH2. Genomic analysis of serial biopsies from FL patients has allowed the reconstruction of evolutionary phylogenies and highlighted CREBBP mutations as occurring predominantly as early events in disease evolution and residing within common progenitor cells that seed relapse. Patient tumor cells with CREBBP mutations have significantly reduced MHC class II expression and perturbed T-cell responses to tumor, suggesting a role for CREBBP mutations in driving immune evasion. Knock-out and knock-down studies of Crebbp confirmed its tumor-suppressor function in animal models, but uncovered some differences compared to the phenotypes observed in association with CREBBP mutations in primary tumors. Mutations of CREBBP most often encode missense amino acid substitutions within the catalytic lysine acetyltransferase (KAT) domain rather than nonsense/frameshift variants that result in a loss of protein expression. Here I will discuss recently published and unpublished data regarding the function of CREBBP mutations in B-cell lymphoma, functional differences between classes of mutations (KAT domain missense vs. nonsense/frameshift) and between different mutational hotspots within the KAT domain. Furthermore, I will discuss how these functional insights provide a rationale for targeted therapeutic strategies in B-cell lymphoma. Citation Format: Michael R. Green. CREBBP: Not all mutations are created equal [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Meeting: Advances in Malignant Lymphoma; 2020 Aug 17-19. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Blood Cancer Discov 2020;1(3_Suppl):Abstract nr IA25.
The One-Dimensional Case

The goal of our first lecture is to see that the geometry of oriented embeddings of open, 1-dimensional disks gives rise to the algebra of associativity. That is, local building blocks of oriented 1-manifolds encode algebraic structure. We then explore how these local structures could be extended to define invariants of all oriented 1-dimensional manifolds. We study one extension in particular, given by factorization homology.
Two-Trace Two-Dimensional Correlation Spectroscopy Study of the Crystallization Behavior of Bioplastics:

A pair of attenuated total reflection infrared (ATR IR) spectra obtained during the crystallization of bioplastic copolymer poly[(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-(R)-3-hydroxyhexanoate] or PHBHx from the m...
Ongoing, Explicit, and Direct Functional Assessment is a Necessary Component of ACT as Behavior Analysis: A Response to Tarbox et al. (2020)

Tarbox et al. (2020) offered preliminary functional analyses and practical guidelines for incorporating acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) within the scope of practice of applied behavior analysis (ABA). Although we agree that this is a needed goal, the approach taken by the authors gives rise to important conceptual, ethical, and practical concerns that warrant further discussion. In particular, we propose that explicit functional assessment of behavior (FA) is necessary in any intervention said to be ABA, and we wonder about the apparent omission of explicit FA throughout the article. We question what we read as the authors’ tacit assertion that the functions of verbal stimuli can be inferred based on behavioral topography, that the function of verbal behavior can likewise be inferred based on form, and that behavior–behavior relations are both causal and predictive of behavior, irrespective of context. Furthermore, we consider whether a number of procedures for functional assessment presented in the article under consideration are consistent with established ABA best practices. Finally, we discuss the extent to which ACT interventions absent explicit FA in ABA interventions introduces the possibility that the interventions may do harm, arguing that further discussion around competence and scope of ethical practice for behavior analysts who wish to incorporate ACT into their work is needed.
Eddy Current Imaging for Material Surface Mapping

For most nondestructive inspections, quantitative evaluations have to be performed to correlate the measured signals and the desired material properties. In some applications, the relationship between the signals and the material parameters is simple and straightforward. An analytic mathematical function can be easily constructed and solved to describe the interaction. The inverse function also can be readily determined to transform the measured data into the desired information. In some cases, such as defect characterizations, the interaction between the sensing field and the test object is often too complicated for such an approach. Advanced signal analysis techniques with complex assumptions, approximations, and computations are required to interpret the signals. Such an intricate approach is frequently time consuming and beyond general comprehension. Alternative methods that enable the direct correlation of the signals with the test piece are being sought. Imaging techniques which provide a unique capability of correlating NDE signals with component geometry, are gaining in popularity.
Finger Distal Interphalangeal Joint Arthrodesis

Arthroplasty has not been refined sufficiently to achieve a predictably good result in the distal interphalangeal joint of the fingers. Furthermore, distal interphalangeal motion plays a relatively small role in the overall function of a reconstructed hand. Arthrodesis has been predictable and effective for salvaging those situations with instability, destruction, or deformity of the distal interphalangeal joint (Figs. 52-1 A Figs. 52-1 B Figs. 52-1 C, and 52-3 A-F).
USING THE JOB CHARACTERISTICS MODEL TO MEASURE THE MOTIVATING POTENTIAL OF FLIGHTDECK POSITIONS

This paper explores the potential of using the Job Characteristics Model (JCM) for analyzing flightdeck positions. The JCM has been successfully used to study a variety of job designs and the effects prescribed treatments have on the job designs. This paper presents an overview of the job characteristics model, discusses the model’s critical psychological states and shows how the Job Diagnostic Survey (JDS) can be used to measure the motivating potential of flightdeck positions. The results from our analysis and the model itself will be useful in the design of individualized LOFT (Line Oriented Flight Training) and CRM (Crew Resource Management) LOFT programs. Additionally, the JCM can be used to study the effects of automation, operation type (passenger vs. cargo), tenure as a pilot, and tenure in type on pilot motivation. From a longitudinal perspective, current data collection can serve as baseline measures for studying the aggregate, long-term effects of flightdeck job design changes.
Reduced OPP susceptibility in naturally exposed lambs with homozygous TMEM154 K35 genotypes.

Ovine progressive pneumonia virus (OPPV) is a small ruminant lentivirus of the Retroviridae family that infects sheep worldwide. Our research group recently identified a mutation (K35) within ovine gene TMEM154 that associated with reduced susceptibility to OPPV. The ancestral state for TMEM154 is E35. The mechanism responsible for reduced OPPV susceptibility is unknown. Lambs that were homozygous K35 (n = 64), homozygous E35 (n = 58), or heterozygous E35K (n = 80) and born to OPPV sero-positive ewes were produced to test the association of E35K with OPPV susceptibility. Lambs were bled one week post-weaning and every 5 weeks thereafter to determine serological status. At 7 months of age, lambs were co-mingled with a flock of sero-positive mature ewes during a 35-day breeding season to re-expose lambs to OPPV as naturally occurs during breeding in infected flocks. Mature ewes were removed after breeding and lambs were again bled at 5-week intervals. At 7 months of age, 11% of homozygous K35 lambs were sero-positive for OPPV, compared to about 25% of lambs with one or two copies of the susceptible E35 ancestral allele. Two months after re-exposure to the infected ewes, 25% of homozygous K35 lambs were sero-positive, compared to 42% of heterozygous E35K lambs and 38% of homozygous E35 lambs. This study confirms that homozygous K35 lambs are less susceptible to OPPV infection and provides the first evidence of dominance of the E35 allele relative to K35.
Ficus (Fig) species in Nepal: a review of diversity and indigenous uses.

Ficus (fig) species have a wide range of distribution and uses in Nepal. Of the 36 Ficus species native to Nepal, 21 are indigenously used as food, fodder, fuel wood, vegetable, medicine, etc. and some are used religeously in Nepal, and 10 in the closer study area. Ficus religiosa (Pipal), F. benghalensis (Bar), F. benjamina (Sami), F. racemosa (Dumri), especially have a high religious value for both Hindus and Buddhists and are deemed sacred. The indigenous use as medicine is very important. F. benghalensis (Bar) was found as the medicinally most important species , used to treat 22 ailments.
Endometrial adenocarcinoma eleven years after pelvic radiation for cervical epidermoid carcinoma

Abstract 1. 1. A case of adenocarcinoma of the endometrium which developed 11 years after radiation therapy for squamous-cell carcinoma of the cervix is presented. 2. 2. Progression from adenomatous hyperplasia of the endometrium to adenocarcinoma of the endometrium was not arrested by cancerocidal levels of radiation to the uterine cervix. 3. 3. The role of radiation in the stimulation of endometrial carcinoma is briefly discussed. 4. 4. Radiation as a treatment for adenomatous hyperplasia of the endometrium should be discouraged.
Computer-Aided Design of User Interfaces by Example

A promising approach to Computer-Aided Design of User Interfaces (CADUI) is Programming by Example, where an interface designer demonstrates the behavior of an interface by presenting concrete examples and demonstrating how the system should behave on those examples. It lets the user interface designer “play end-user”, simulating what an end-user would see and do. A software agent records the steps of the user interface and generalizes a program that can be used in analogous situations in the future. The popular genre of so-called Interface Builders can be seen as a “poor-man’s” Programming by Example. It is now time to extend such systems so that behavior as well as appearance can be specified by example.
Entity Linking at Web Scale

This paper investigates entity linking over millions of high-precision extractions from a corpus of 500 million Web documents, toward the goal of creating a useful knowledge base of general facts. This paper is the first to report on entity linking over this many extractions, and describes new opportunities (such as corpus-level features) and challenges we found when entity linking at Web scale. We present several techniques that we developed and also lessons that we learned. We envision a future where information extraction and entity linking are paired to automatically generate knowledge bases with billions of assertions over millions of linked entities.
Optimization of DVD media parameters

DVD technology has established the importance of optimizing media for both the data signal and the tracking signal. The data signal from DVD-ROM is simply the integrated modulation on the quadrant photodetector, while the tracking signal is derived from the phase difference of the diagonal quadrant signals (differential phase detection or DPD). Closely related to the DPD signal is the quadrant pupil detection (QPD) signal, which is simply the difference of the diagonal quadrant signals. The QPD signal is a simple quantity to characterize, and it relates directly to the quality of the DPD signal. In this report, we show the dependence of the data signal modulation and the QPD amplitude on mark reflectivity, land reflectivity, and mark/land phase difference on reflection. Some interesting effects are observed, and these results should provide some guidance for media designers working on DVD-RAM.
Using the Program Logic Model to Evaluate ¡Cuídate!: A Sexual Health Program for Latino Adolescents in a School‐Based Health Center

Background Addressing the disparities in pregnancy and sexually transmitted infection (STI) rates for Latino youth in the United States requires an evidence-based approach. Although randomized controlled trials for sexual risk reduction interventions have shown promise in improving short-term outcomes, program sustainability has not been extensively examined in school settings where teens spend time. Latina teen pregnancy rates are nearly twice the national average. Adolescents comprise only 17% of the U.S. population, yet they account for 50% of STIs. iCuidate! is a high-impact sexual health group program endorsed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention that has not been replicated in a real-world setting. Aims The program logic model (PLM) was used as the systematic approach to plan, implement, and evaluate a sustainable model of sexual health group programing (iCuidate!) in a U.S. high school with a large Latino student population. Methods The PLM provided the framework for the evaluation of outputs, outcome, and impact. A multivariate repeated measures analysis of variance was used as the means to evaluate the participant outcomes immediately postprogram and at 8–12 weeks. Results iCuidate! was executed within an existing school structure and time constraints, below cost projections, and with high participant retention (95.8%). Three cohorts (N = 24) of female teens demonstrated significant increases in STI or HIV knowledge, self-efficacy, and intention to use condoms (p < .01). Condom use increased postprogram. No participants initiated sexual behavior, nor were there any reported pregnancies or STIs. Conclusions An evidence-based intervention previously tested in randomized controlled trials can be sustained in a school-based health center with similar results of efficacy. Linking Evidence to Action Our success served as a platform for a sustainable program. We continue to extend the impact of the program by delivering iCuidate! in the school setting using a community health worker.
Kapalabhati Pranayama: Breath of Fire or Cause of Pneumothorax?: A Case Report

Spontaneous pneumothorax is the most common cause of pneumothorax. We report a case of a 29-year-old healthy woman who presented to the emergency department with a spontaneous pneumothorax caused by a yoga breathing technique called Kapalabhati pranayama, or breath of fire. Yoga breathing exercises are commonly practiced, and a limited number of studies have shown various physiologic benefits of yoga breathing. This is the only known report of spontaneous pneumothorax caused by pranayama, but some other rare causes are noted. This case should illustrate that adverse side effects can occur when one pushes the body to physiologic extremes.
Searching for the evidence using PubMed.

Abstract This article discusses practical methods of searching for the evidence using PubMed. Four searching techniques are included: Simple Limit, Preview/Index, Clinical Queries, and the MeSH Browser. Search strings based on the University of Rochester's Clinical Filters are provided.
Challenges of cancer therapy with natural killer cells

Abstract Background aims Natural killer (NK) cells from peripheral or cord blood—especially if they are obtained from a human leukocyte antigen–mismatched (allogeneic) donor—are increasingly being considered for treatment of malignant diseases and to prevent or treat relapse after stem cell transplant. However, in addition to proving their efficacy, there are some more logistical and technical issues that must be addressed before NK cell infusions will be fully accepted by the medical community. Methods Issues include (i) the expansion of sufficient numbers of cells under conditions suitable, (ii) cryopreservation and (iii) optimization/standardization of shipping conditions if the cells are used at distant sites. Because the patient's own autologous cells usually are not fully functional because of inhibition by "self" major histocompatibility complex expression, better methods must be developed to target NK cells to tumor cells and overcome self-inhibition. Results Tumor-directed NK-cell therapy can be best accomplished through genetic engineering of NK cells expressing receptors for tumor antigens or combination with monoclonal antibodies that preferentially kill tumors through antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. If allogeneic NK cells are used, T-lymphocytes in the cell collections that can cause acute graft-versus-host disease in the recipient must be removed. Conclusions In addition to showing efficacy in clinical trials, the production of NK cells for treatment must be cost-effective to be eligible for reimbursement by third-party players.
The new woman: health-promoting and health-damaging behaviors.

Compared with their mothers, contemporary women are better educated, live alone more of their adult lives, and participate in the labor force more consistently throughout their lives. Most studies of the New Woman have focused on the effects of the configuration of her roles on her health and health‐related behavior. Few have considered both the influence of women's roles and the broader context of their lives on their health. Moreover, investigators have devoted little attention to the health behavior patterns of the New Woman, despite the demonstrable impact of health‐related behaviors on mortality and morbidity. The present study was designed to test models relating women's roles, gender role norms, social demands and resources, and health‐promoting and ‐damaging behaviors. Women who resided in middle‐income and racially mixed neighborhoods (N = 659) were interviewed in their homes. The women were a mean age of 32.7 years and had an educational level of 14.2 years. Approximately 57% were married or par...
The migration response to the Legal Arizona Workers Act

Abstract The 2008 Legal Arizona Workers Act (LAWA) requires all public and private employers to authenticate the legal status of their workers using the federal employment verification system known as E-Verify. With LAWA, Arizona became the first state to have a universal mandate for employment verification. While LAWA targets unauthorized workers, most of whom are Latino immigrants, other groups could experience LAWA's effects, such as those who share households with undocumented workers. In addition, employers may seek to minimize their risk of LAWA penalties by not hiring those who appear to them as more likely to be unauthorized, such as naturalized Latino immigrants and US-born Latinos. Existing research has found a reduction in foreign-born Latino employment and population in response to LAWA. This paper asks a different question: have groups that are most likely to be affected by the law migrated to other states? We find a significant and sustained increase in the internal outmigration rate from Arizona of foreign-born, noncitizen Latinos – the group most likely to include the unauthorized – after the passage of LAWA. There was no significant LAWA internal migration response by foreign-born Latino citizens. US-born Latinos showed some signs of a LAWA-induced internal migration response after the law went into effect, but it is not sustained. The results indicate that local and state immigration policy can alter the settlement geography of the foreign born. This leads us to speculate about how immigrant settlement may adjust in the coming years to the intersecting geographies of post-recession economic opportunity and tiered immigration policies.
Radiation effects in Caenorhabditis elegans, mutagenesis by high and low LET ionizing radiation.

The nematode C. elegans was used to measure the effectiveness of high-energy ionized particles in the induction of three types of genetic lesions. Recessive lethal mutations in a 40-map unit autosomal region, sterility, and X-chromosome nondisjunction or damage were investigated. Induction rates were measured as a function of linear energy transfer, LET(infinity), for nine ions of atomic nunmber 1-57 accelerated at the BEVALAC accelerator. Linear kinetics were observed for all three types of lesions within the dose/fluence ranges tested and were found to vary strongly as a function of particle LET(infinity). Relative biological effectiveness (RBE) values of up to 4.2 were measured, and action cross sections were calculated and compared to mutagenic responses in other systems.
Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and other arachidonic acid metabolites in the pathogenesis of otitis media.

Among the various inflammatory mediators of otitis media (OM), metabolites of arachidonic acid (AA) such as prostaglandins (PGs) and leukotrienes (LTs) appear to play an important role in the pathogenesis of otitis media. In an effort to investigate the role of AA metabolites on the pathogenesis of otitis media, concentrations of AA metabolites were measured in middle ear effusion (MEE) from human and paralleling animal models of otitis media and the effects of inhibitors of AA metabolism, antibiotics, and tympanostomy tube (TT) on the outcome of animal models of OM were studied. Concentrations of AA metabolites in MEE were higher in the younger age group. Levels of PGE and LTB in MEE seem to represent the degree of inflammation of OM best. Lipoxygenase products seem to be associated with the mucoid type of MEE. In the study of animal models of OM, combined models and ears with TT showed more inflammation than single models and ears without TT. Study of the therapeutic use of inhibitors of AA metabolism, penicillin, and TT showed that lipoxygenase products may be more important in the pathogenesis of OM than the cyclo-oxygenase products, and that the use of a combination of penicillin and corticosteroid produces the best results. It is clear from these studies that arachidonic acid metabolites are important inflammatory mediators in the pathogenesis of otitis media.
New Financing Instruments for State and Local Capital Facilities

Municipal bonds traditionally have been classified into two general types: term bonds, paid off in a lump sum at the end of the term of the loan, and serial bonds, retired in annual installments. Beginning in the late 1970s, however, a number of new fiscal instruments have been devised to meet the changing needs of the municipal bond market. While these new financing techniques are not a panacea, their careful application may uncover some real opportunities for meeting the needs of local government for expanded capital facilities.
A CdS catalyzed photosynthetic photoelectrochemical cell

Abstract A photosynthetic photoelectrochemical cell has been developed ([18] Gross, Youngman and Winemiller, Photochem. Photobiol . 28 , 249-256, 1978) using a semiconductor, CdS, as a photocatalyst to generate electricity directly from solar energy. The photopotential generated was the sum of two photochemical reactions; ie the photosynthetic reaction and a CdS catalyzed heterogeneous photochemical reaction. Both biological components and CdS undergo photoinduced charge separation which results in a photochemical potential for the development of electricity. Various features of this photoelectrochemical cell were under investigation. The maximum power conversion efficiency of 0.15% was obtained under light intensity of 90 W m −2 . Several light-dark cycles were observed which implies that this cell can store energy in the form of chemical potential. A model mechanism of this photosynthetic photoelectrochemical cell was proposed.
Inhibition of electron flow and energy transduction in isolated spinach chloroplasts by the herbicide dinoseb.

Abstract The mode of action of dinoseb (2-sec-butyl-4-6-dinitrophenol) on chloroplast reactions was studied. Electron flow from water or from an artificial electron donor, diphenylcarbazide (DPC), to dichlorophenol indophenol (DCPIP) was inhibited at low concentrations of the herbicide (5–10 μM) suggesting a site for dinoseb inhibition at the oxidizing side of photosystem II (PS II). Ferricyanide photoreduction was also inhibited by dinoseb. Cyclic and non-cyclic photophosphorylation and Mg 2+ -ATPase activity were inhibited by dinoseb, which indicates that this herbicide also acts as an energy transfer inhibitor. Among the above mentioned activities, non-cyclic photophosphorylation was the most sensitive to the inhibition by dinoseb. Ca 2+ -ATPase activity of solubilized heat activated chloroplast coupling factor 1 (CF 1 ) was stimulated by dinoseb. However, the same activity was inhibited in chloroplasts, which perhaps reflect a difference in the mode of interaction of dinoseb with solubilized and membrane bound coupling factor.
Developmental genetics of teleosts: A biochemical analysis of lake chubsucker ontogeny

Abstract Developing embryos of the lake chubsucker, Erimyzon sucetta, were analyzed with regard to both gross morphological changes and specific enzymatic changes from the unfertilized egg stage until some 3 weeks posthatching. Total activities of three enzymes—lactate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and isocitrate dehydrogenase—were determined throughout the course of development. Each of these different enzymes exhibited a different pattern of change during ontogeny. Electrophoretic analysis of qualitative changes in isozyme patterns was accomplished for these three enzymes and for α-amylase, glucosephosphate isomerase, mannosephosphate isomerase, creatine kinase, esterase, glutamate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, malate dehydrogenase, hexose diphosphatase, phosphoglucomutase, and phosphogluconate dehydrogenase. Many of the enzyme systems investigated exhibited rich patterns of ontogenetic change, while a few remained relatively unchanged throughout the interval studied. Several of the enzymes in particular metabolic pathways exhibited coincident changes suggestive of coordinate control. The appearance of several rather “tissue-specific” isozymes was closely correlated with the morphological and functional differentiation of these particular tissues or organs.
Work-related outcomes after a myocardial infarction.

Study Objective. To evaluate work-related outcomes of patients at 7 months after a myocardial infarction and to identify patient, disease, and intervention characteristics associated with these outcomes. Design. Cross-sectional survey analysis. Setting. Large Midwestern academic health system. Patients. Eighty-nine patients with the discharge diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction during a 1-year index period. Intervention. Work performance questionnaire administered by telephone, and medical record review. Measurements and Main Results. Seven months after discharge, 232 patients were interviewed by telephone to determine work status before and after myocardial infarction, work-related outcomes (absenteeism and perceived work performance, assessed by the Work Performance Scale [WPS] of the Functional Status Questionnaire), and health-related quality of life. Univariate analyses were used to determine the association between individual characteristics and work-related outcomes. Of the 89 patients who had worked before the index myocardial infarction, 21 (23.6%) did not return to work. Variables associated with the outcome of not returning to work were past myocardial infarction (before the index myocardial infarction), coronary artery bypass graft surgery, heart failure, positive stress test, and low score on the Physical Component Summary (PCS-12) scale of the Short Form-12. Patients who did not return to work also tended to have more comorbidities and take more prescribed drugs than those who returned to work. Median WPS scores were higher for patients who had higher ejection fractions at discharge, had not experienced a myocardial infarction before the index event, underwent a percutaneous revascularization intervention at the time of hospitalization, and had not recently been absent from work. Workers reporting absences had lower PCS-12 scores than their counterparts or reported a rehospitalization before the survey. Conclusion. Preexisting cardiac disease and poorer physical functioning were consistently related to worse work-related outcomes. This small study demonstrates the need for a larger, broader study that includes health beliefs, treatment, and other job and patient factors that may influence work-related outcomes.
Amino acid substitutions in the membrane-binding domain of cytochrome b5 alter its membrane-binding properties.

Abstract The structure-function relationships of the 43-amino-acid membrane-binding domain of cytochrome b 5 have been examined in two mutant forms of the protein. In one mutant, two tryptophans in the membrane-binding domain, at positions 108 and 112, were replaced by leucines, and in the second mutant, in addition, aspartic acid 103 was also replaced by leucine. The fluorescence emission spectra of the three proteins and their degree of quenching by brominated lipids indicate that the mutations are not producing major conformational changes or allowing a deeper degree of penetration of the domain into the bilayer. The hydrophobicities of the three proteins were compared, by determining strenghts of self-association and membrane affinities, and it was found that the protein with two additional leucines was much less hydrophobic and the one with three additional leucines was much more hydrophobic than the native cytochrome. It appears that small changes in amino acid composition, which produce no gross changes in the structure of the membrane-binding domain, will nevertheless produce very large changes in the strenghts of self- and membrane-association. These differences in self-association had profound effects on the times required for membrane-association to reach equilibrium.
A 2.2 micron survey in the L1630 molecular cloud

A 2.2 micron survey of a significant portion of the L1630 molecular cloud was carried out using the NOAO infrared array camera on the Kitt Peak 1.3 m telescope. This survey is estimated to be complete to 13th magnitude at K, which corresponds to a main-sequence star of about 0.6 solar mass. Therefore this survey has provided a sensitive census of the young stellar objects within this molecular cloud. As a result, 912 sources having m(K) less than 13.0 have been detected. It is estimated that 50 percent of these sources are associated with the molecular cloud. These sources are not distributed uniformly throughout the surveyed region but rather appear grouped or clustered. In fact, four embedded infrared clusters were identified. These clusters contain at least 58 percent but possibly as much as 96 percent of the total number of sources associated with this molecular cloud suggesting that the dominant mode of star formation in this region is in clusters.
Multifrequency Viscoacoustic Computations: Modeling And Inversion

A “physical” Q absorbing boundary condition can be used in space-frequency domain forward modeling to save computation time and memory space. Constant Q is used to simulate seismic wave attenuation and dispersion. Nonlinear inversion is performed using a linearized iterative method. The residual wave field at a single frequency is back-projected from receiver locations, along the viscoacoustic wavepath of a reference model, to get the updated velocity and Q models. Velocity and Q are inverted simultaneously. Both modeling and inversion algorithms are successfully tested with synthetic examples.
Effects of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Receptor Inhibition in Mesothelioma

Background Malignant mesothelioma is a devastating disease with a poor prognosis. Recent data have shown that insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) may play a role in oncogenic signaling. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of a novel IGF-1R inhibitor, NVP-AEW541, on cell growth and IGF associated pathways. Methods Malignant mesothelioma cell lines, H2373 and H2461, previously shown to activate the IGF pathway were grown in culture. The adherent cells, initially plated at 5 × 10 5 cells/plate, were treated for 72 hours, in triplicate, with varying concentration of NVP-AEW541 (0, 1, 5, 10, 20, and 50 μM). Viable cells were counted every 24 hours. Additionally, separate cultures in serum-free medium were treated with NVP-AEW541, then stimulated with IGF and lysates collected for immunoblot analysis. Results In both cell lines, 0, 1, 5, and 10 μM showed an inhibitory or static effect, while 20 and 50 μM were cidal. Immunoblot analysis demonstrated that phosphorylation of IGF-1R was inhibited by NVP-AEW541 at higher concentration. Phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase and Akt, downstream IGF pathway mediators, were also shown to be repressed by drug treatment. Conclusions NVP-AEW541 has a concentration-dependent inhibitory effect on mesothelioma cells in culture. NVP-AEW541 acts by inhibition of IGF-1R phosphorylation. Inhibition effects phosphorylation of downstream mediators in a dose-dependent fashion. Inhibition of the IGF pathway decreases viability of mesothelioma cell culture. Further evaluation of NVP-AEW541, and other selective IGF-1R inhibitors, may play an important role in multimodal treatment of malignant mesothelioma.
BRAIN MITOCHONDRIA: I. Isolation of Bovine Brain Mitochondria

Two methods of preparing a mitochondrial fraction from beef brain cortex are described. Data are presented on the rate of oxidation of substrates, P/O and respiratory control ratios, cholinesterase activity, and DNA content. Electron micrographs of isolated mitochondria and mitochondria in situ are shown. Comparisons are drawn between these preparations and mitochondria prepared in 0.25 M sucrose. The data on enzymic properties and contamination by non-mitochondrial material indicate that mitochondrial fractions which compare favorably with those from other tissues can be prepared from brain tissue.
PI3K/Akt activation is critical for hepatic regeneration after partial hepatectomy

Hepatic resection is associated with rapid proliferation and regeneration of the remnant liver. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), composed of a p85α regulatory and a p110α catalytic subunit, participates in multiple cellular processes, including cell growth and survival; however, the role of PI3K in liver regeneration has not been clearly delineated. In this study, we used the potent PI3K inhibitor, wortmannin, and small-interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting the p85α and p110α subunits to determine if total or selective PI3K inhibition would abrogate the proliferative response of the liver after partial hepatectomy in mice. Hepatic resection is associated with an induction in PI3K activity; total PI3K blockade with wortmannin, and selective inhibition of p85α or p110α with siRNA resulted in a significant decrease in hepatocyte proliferation, especially at the earliest timepoints. Fewer macrophages and Kupffer cells were present in the regenerating liver of mice treated with wortmannin or siRNA to p85α or p110α, as reflected by a paucity of F4/80-positive cells. Additionally, PI3K inhibition led to an aberrant architecture in the regenerating hepatocytes characterized by vacuolization, lipid deposition, and glycogen accumulation; these changes were not noted in the sham livers. Our data demonstrate that PI3K/Akt pathway activation plays a critical role in the early regenerative response of the liver after resection; inhibition of this pathway markedly abrogates the normal hepatic regenerative response, most likely by inhibiting macrophage infiltration and cytokine elaboration and thus hepatocyte priming for replication.
Craniofacial surgery: Complications and their prevention

This article focuses on the management of perioperative complications in surgery dealing with structures of the craniofacial complex. A brief review of applicable surgical techniques is given, beginning with single-suture craniosynostoses and moving on to the more complex syndromic craniofacial disorders. Distinctive complications associated with each technique are discussed.
Simulator-independent representation of ionic conductance models with ChannelDB

Abstract ChannelDB is an implementation of a database of ionic conductance models, stored in simulator-independent NeuroML format, in order to share channel models between different neural simulators. At present, ChannelDB is implemented as a stand-alone module with its own graphical user interface to the database, which is implemented with MySQL. The NeuroML development kit parser is used to create Java objects from the NeuroML format (XML) files stored in the database. These are then accessed with Java software to create simulation scripts for the particular simulator. ChannelDB with all source code and documentation may be downloaded from http://www.modelersworkspace.org .