cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Channel Characterization of Magnetic Human Body Communication.

Objective: The objective of this paper is to model and experimentally validate the path loss benefits of magnetic human body communication (mHBC) using small form-factor-accurate coils operating under realistic conditions. Methods: A radiating near-field coupling model and numerical simulations are presented to show that the magnetic-dominant near-field coupling between resonant coils offers low path loss across the body and exhibits extra robustness to antenna misalignment compared to far-field RF schemes. To overcome the pitfalls in conventional vector-network-analyzer-based measurement configurations, we propose a standardized setup applied to broadband channel loss measurement with portable instruments. Two types of PCB coils for mHBC communication, designed for large devices such as smartphones and small devices such as earbuds, respectively, are built and measured. Results: The mHBC link for the ear-to-ear non-line-of-sight (NLOS) path measures up to -23.1 dB and -31.2dB with large and small coils, respectively, which is 50 dB more efficient than the conventional Bluetooth channels utilizing antennas of similar sizes. Ear-to-pocket and pocket-to-pocket channels also show at least 16 dB higher transmission than the Bluetooth channel. Conclusion: In terms of path loss, the mHBC approach offers compelling performance for short-range applications over the body region. For coils with dimensions of several centimeters, working between 100 MHz and 200 MHz minimizes the channel loss while keeping the bandwidth above 1 MHz. Significance: The extremely high efficiency of the proposed mHBC channel provides a solution to the energy problem for miniaturized wearables, potentially leading to new wearable device designs.
Network-sensitive service discovery

We consider the problem of network-sensitive service selection (NSSS): finding services that match a particular set of functional and network properties. Current solutions handle this problem using a two-step process. First, a user obtains a list of candidates through service discovery. Then, the user applies a network-sensitive server selection technique to find the best service. Such approaches are complex and expensive since each user has to solve the NSSS problem independently. In this paper, we present a simple alternative: network-sensitive service discovery (NSSD). By integrating network-sensitivity into the service discovery process, NSSD allows users who are looking for services to specify both the desired functional and network properties at the same time. Users benefit since they only have to solve a restricted version of the server selection problem. Moreover, NSSD can solve the NSSS problem more efficiently by amortizing the overhead over many users. We present the design of NSSD, a prototype implementation, and experimental results that illustrate how NSSD can be utilized for different applications.
Engineering ATM networks for congestion avoidance

With the combination of telecommunication, entertainment and computer industries, computer networking is adopting a new method called Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) networking. Congestion control plays an important role in the effective and stable operation of ATM networks. Traffic management concerns with the design of a set of mechanisms which ensure that the network bandwidth, buffer and computational resources are efficiently utilized while meeting the various Quality of Service (QoS) guarantees given to sources as part of a traffic contract. In this paper, the most widely recognized congestion control schemes for ABR service are investigated. Some of these schemes show either lack of scalability or fairness while other well‐behaved schemes may require a highly complex switch algorithm that is unsuitable for implementation in cell‐switching high‐speed ATM networks. A new and improved congestion control scheme is proposed to support the best‐effort ABR traffic. This algorithm provides the congestion avoidance ability with high throughput and low delay, in addition to achieving the max–min fairness allocation.
From Man to Mouse: The MPTP Model of Parkinson Disease

Abstract Parkinson disease (PD) is the third most common neurodegenerative disorder affecting humans. Although it is clear that the etiology of a small number of PD cases is strictly genetic (either dominant or recessive) or purely environmental factors (e.g., pesticides, drug use, viruses, heavy metal exposure), it is likely that most cases arise from a combination of the two risk factors. For this reason, the generation and study of animal models where these interactions can be studied can provide important information regarding the pathophysiology of PD. In this chapter, we examine the mechanisms underlying xenobiotic-induced Parkinsonism using 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine as the model agent. We also examine other environmental agents that have been shown to induce Parkinsonism, including paraquat, lippopolysaccharide, and the highly pathogenic avian influenza virus.
Protein-associated lipid of Bacillus stearothermophilus.

The composition and patterns of metabolism of phospholipids isolated as part of a lipid-depleted membrane fragment (LDM fragment) and associated with the membrane adenosine triphosphatase complex have been compared with those of the bulk membrane phospholipid. The bulk lipid was extracted from washed membranes with sodium cholate. The LDM fragments, which contained a portion of the electron transport system and the membrane adenosine triphosphatase complex, were purified by chromatography with Sepharose 6B. The LDM fragment preparations contained 0.10 ± 0.02 μmol of lipid phosphorus per mg of protein, compared with 0.54 ± 0.05 μmol of lipid phosphorus per mg of protein for washed membranes. The phospholipid associated with the LDM fragments consisted of 78 ± 4% cardiolipin, 7 ± 1% phosphatidylglycerol, and 15 ± 3% phosphatidylethanolamine. Changes in the total membrane lipid composition (produced by culture conditions) did not alter the phospholipid composition of the LDM fragments. The adenosine triphosphate complex was separated from the other components of the LDM fragments by suspension of the fragments in 1% Triton X-100 and precipitation with antibody specific for the F1 component of the adenosine triphosphatase complex. The phospholipid isolated with the adenosine triphosphatase complex consisted of 86% cardiolipin, 8% phosphatidylglycerol, and 6% phosphatidylethanolamine. In pulse-chase experiments with 32P and [2-3H]glycerol, the labeling patterns of the phosphatididylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine associated with the LDM fragments were different from those of the bulk membrane phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. It was concluded that at least a portion of the phospholipid isolated with the LDM fragments was part of a native lipid-protein complex.
Inguinal and Pelvic Lymphadenectomy

Inguinal and pelvic lymphadenectomies are performed for metastatic involvement of regional nodes by malignant melanoma or squamous carcinoma of the region. This chapter describes the strategy, technical details, pitfalls, and complications of these procedures.
The metabolism of very low density lipoprotein proteins: II. Studies on the transfer of apoproteins between plasma lipoproteins

Abstract 1. 1. Apolipoprotein-glutamic acid (apoLP-Glu) and apolipoprotein-alanine (apoLP-Ala), small molecular weight apolipoproteins, readily transfer in vitro from very low density lipoprotein to other lipoproteins. Their transfer to high density lipoprotein always exceeds that to low density lipoproteins, and is proportional to the concentration of lipoproteins present in the incubation mixture. A similar transfer of radioactivity occurs in vivo , and is proportional to both plasma triglyceride and high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. The transfer of apoLP-Glu and apoLP-Ala between very low density and high density lipoproteins is bidirectional, and thus represents, at least in part, an exchange phenomenon. In contrast, the apoprotein moiety of low density lipoprotein does not participate in this type of transfer. 2. 2. Apolipoproteins can be separated into groups following their reassociation properties with lipids and lipoproteins. ApoLP-Glu and apoLP-Ala reassociate with all plasma lipoproteins, predominantly very low density and high density lipoprotein. Apolipoprotein-glutamine 1 (apoLP-Gln 1 ) and apolipoprotein-glutamine 2 (apoLP-Gln 2 ) reassociate primarily with their parent lipoprotein, high density lipoprotein. Representative proteins of both groups however, reassociate with lipid (lecithin or triglyceride). The recombination of apoproteins with lipoproteins thus may be specific and involve a process of “recognition” of the lipoprotein by the apoprotein. This specificity may not be involved in the simple recombination of apolipoproteins and lipids. These observations may explain the distribution of apoproteins among plasma lipoproteins and provide insight into their metabolic fate.
Effects of Implantation on Thin Layers of Aluminium Metallization on Silicon

Evaporated aluminum layers 300 to 1500 A thick on silicon have been bombarded with 28Si+, 31P+, and 75As+ ions at energies from 70 to 150 keV. The implantations were performed at target temperatures 23 and -196 °C with subsequent isochronal anneals from 100 to 650°C. Rutherford backscattering results suggest that diffusion and migration are occuring between the metallization and the implanted semiconductor at temperatures significantly below the Al-Si eutectic of 577 °C. These enhanced effects are influenced primarily by the presence of an amorphous layer at the interface; the dopant characteristics of the ion and the electrical properties of the semiconductor play a minor role. Furthermore, the data indicate a recrystallization of the amorphous region at temperatures as low as 350°C. Implanted planar devices also show similar results; however, ion penetration of aluminum metallization residing on silicon-dioxide interfaces do not exhibit the above phenomena.
Semiclassical theory for quantum spin models with ring exchange on the triangular lattice

A semiclassical theory of a quantum spin$-S$ model with competing ring and Heisenberg exchange terms on the triangular lattice is obtained. A mechanism for the generation of $Z_2$ vortices is exhibited. The vortices are shown to carry a nontrivial geometric phase for the order parameter when $2S$ is odd, leading to a difference between the quantum disordered ground states and low energy spectra for half odd integer and half even integer spin systems, and a topological degeneracy on surfaces with nontrivial cycles. A connection to dimer models is discussed.
A model of department chairs' social intelligence and faculty members' turnover intention

Abstract This study presents a structural equations model for the relationship between department chairs' social intelligence (SI) and faculty members' turnover intention (TI) at a state university in the United States. SI is defined as the ability to be aware of relevant social situations, to manage situational challenges effectively, to understand others' concerns and feelings, and to build and maintain positive relationships in social settings. We test our model with questionnaire data from 406 faculty belonging to 43 departments in this university. Our data analyses with LISREL 9.2 suggest that department chairs' SI is negatively associated with TI. Implications for management, directions for future research, and limitations of the study are discussed.
Exploring Interdisciplinarity: The Significance of Metaphoric and Metonymic Exchange

Drawing upon five years of experience with an interdisciplinary initiative, colleagues in biology, literary studies, and physics offer a framework by which to understand the nature and value of interdisciplinary work. Effective interdisciplinary exchange depends on a dynamic and mutual interplay that challenges normally unexamined disciplinary assumptions. Effective interdisciplinary exchange can not only reinvigorate the disciplines but also engage them more effectively in a common intellectual enterprise, one that in turn is able to engage more effectively with a wide range of human concerns beyond the academy.
Combination of foot stimulation and tolterodine treatment eliminates bladder overactivity in cats

Aims To determine whether transcutaneous foot stimulation combined with a lower dose tolterodine would inhibit bladder overactivity more effectively than either treatment alone. Methods Cystometrograms were performed on α-chloralose anesthetized cats (N = 6) by infusing 0.25% acetic acid (AA) to induce bladder overactivity. Foot stimulation (5 Hz) was applied at 2 and 4 times the threshold (T) intensity in volts (i.e., 2T or 4T) for inducing toe movement to inhibit bladder overactivity. Cumulative doses of tolterodine (0.003–0.3 mg/kg, i.v.) were also administered to determine the effect of combination treatment. Results AA irritation of the bladder significantly (P < 0.0001) reduced bladder capacity to 23.6 ± 7.1% of saline control capacity. Foot stimulation alone at 2T and 4T inhibited bladder overactivity and significantly (P < 0.0001) increased bladder capacity to 50.7 ± 6.8% and 79.0 ± 11.6% of saline control, respectively. Tolterodine alone at 0.3 mg/kg significantly (P < 0.05) increased bladder capacity to 65.6 ± 15.5% of saline control. However, when tolterodine at a threshold dose (0.3 mg/kg) was combined with foot stimulation, the bladder capacity was significantly (P < 0.05) increased to 86.2 ± 6.2% and 107.9 ± 10.6% by 2T and 4T stimulation, respectively. Complete inhibition of bladder overactivity could be achieved at a lower tolterodine dose (0.1 mg/kg) when combined with 4T stimulation (97.0 ± 11.2% of saline control). The amplitude of micturition contraction was not changed by tolterodine treatment. Conclusions This study suggests a novel, efficacious, non-invasive therapy by combining foot stimulation with a lower dose tolterodine to treat bladder overactivity. It also provides the first objective evidence supporting an additive therapeutic benefit of neuromodulation and antimuscarinic combination treatment. Neurourol. Urodynam. 33:1266–1271, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
SU-GG-T-451: Clinical Evaluation of New BrainLab Image Guided Frameless SRS System

Purpose: To evaluate the results and accuracy of Image Guided Frameless SRS.Method and Materials: A new image guided frameless system for Novalis has been installed at our institution for Stereotactic Radiosurgery(SRS) treatment. The main features of the system are its utilization of an Infrared camera, a pair of kV x‐ray, and a 6D couch for patient setup. The system works at any couch angle. The tracking computer will generate DRRs for the corresponding couch angle and compares them with OBI kV images to determine the shift corrections in 6 Dimensions (3 Translational and 3 Rotational). The shift corrections are carried out by the 6D robotic couch, The same process is repeated to confirm the correction was successful, and that further correction is no longer needed. The same process is required for every couch angle during the SRS treatment. The SRS fields are shaped by employing either BrainLab micro MLC or BrainLab cones. We have treated various types of braintumors including trigeminnal nerves. Results: The system is very intutive, and in general only one OBI guided frameless correction procedure is needed for each couch angle. The OBI kV images obtained for confirmation of correction on average show that the mean deviation by automatic imaging fusion computer are 0.5±1, 0.2±1 and 0.3±1 degree for pitch, roll and yaw, 0.3±0.3, 0.3±0.4, 0.2±0.8 mm for longitudinal, lateral and vertical translation movement. Included are the pre and post trigeminal nerve MRI scan that shows clearly that we hit the target of planned treatment. Conclusion: The new type of BrainLab' Image Guided Framless SRS system coupled with an 6D robotic couch, imaging at any couch angles, is accurate, and easy to use. Initial experience shows that clinical results are equivalent to the Frame based SRS system.
Odd-Even Effects in Pre-Equilibrium Processes

Neutron spectra produced by the ($p,n$) reaction at 12 and 14 MeV on targets of $^{112}\mathrm{Cd}$, $^{113}\mathrm{Cd}$, $^{114}\mathrm{Cd}$, and $^{115}\mathrm{In}$ are compared with the predictions of the exciton model for pre-equilibrium reactions. It is concluded that although the shape of the spectra for even-$A$ targets differs from that for odd-$A$ targets, the differences are not entirely consistent with the analysis of Lee and Griffin for ($p,n$) reactions on the Sn isotopes. The possible explanations for deviations from model calculations include effects due to shells, pairing, and angular momentum.
Voltage Preconditioning Allows Modulated Gene Expression in Neurons Using PEI-complexed siRNA.

We present here a high efficiency, high viability siRNA-delivery method using a voltage-controlled chemical transfection strategy to achieve modulated delivery of polyethylenimine (PEI) complexed with siRNA in an in vitro culture of neuro2A cells and neurons. Low voltage pulses were applied to adherent cells before the administration of PEI-siRNA complexes. Live assays of neuro2a cells transfected with fluorescently tagged siRNA showed an increase in transfection efficiency from 62 ± 14% to 98 ± 3.8% (after −1 V). In primary hippocampal neurons, transfection efficiencies were increased from 30 ± 18% to 76 ± 18% (after −1 V). Negligible or low-level transfection was observed after preconditioning at higher voltages, suggesting an inverse relationship with applied voltage. Experiments with propidium iodide ruled out the role of electroporation in the transfection of siRNAs suggesting an alternate electro-endocytotic mechanism. In addition, image analysis of preconditioned and transfected cells demonstrates siRNA uptake and loading that is tuned to preconditioning voltage levels. There is approximately a fourfold increase in siRNA loading after preconditioning at −1 V compared with the same at ±2–3 V. Modulated gene expression is demonstrated in a functional knockdown of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) in neuro2A cells using siRNA. Cell density and dendritic morphological changes are also demonstrated in modulated knockdown of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in primary hippocampal neurons. The method reported here has potential applications in the development of high-throughput screening systems for large libraries of siRNA molecules involving difficult-to-transfect cells like neurons.
Modeling variably saturated subsurface solute transport with MODFLOW-UZF and MT3DMS

The MT3DMS groundwater solute transport model was modified to simulate solute transport in the unsaturated zone by incorporating the unsaturated-zone flow (UZF1) package developed for MODFLOW. The modified MT3DMS code uses a volume-averaged approach in which Lagrangian-based UZF1 fluid fluxes and storage changes are mapped onto a fixed grid. Referred to as UZF-MT3DMS, the linked model was tested against published benchmarks solved analytically as well as against other published codes, most frequently the U.S. Geological Survey's Variably-Saturated Two-Dimensional Flow and Transport Model. Results from a suite of test cases demonstrate that the modified code accurately simulates solute advection, dispersion, and reaction in the unsaturated zone. Two- and three-dimensional simulations also were investigated to ensure unsaturated-saturated zone interaction was simulated correctly. Because the UZF1 solution is analytical, large-scale flow and transport investigations can be performed free from the computational and data burdens required by numerical solutions to Richards' equation. Results demonstrate that significant simulation runtime savings can be achieved with UZF-MT3DMS, an important development when hundreds or thousands of model runs are required during parameter estimation and uncertainty analysis. Three-dimensional variably saturated flow and transport simulations revealed UZF-MT3DMS to have runtimes that are less than one tenth of the time required by models that rely on Richards' equation. Given its accuracy and efficiency, and the wide-spread use of both MODFLOW and MT3DMS, the added capability of unsaturated-zone transport in this familiar modeling framework stands to benefit a broad user-ship.
Consultation psychiatry in a rural private practice

Abstract The author reviews the psychiatric consultations of 50 patients admitted to two rural community hospitals to see how such service differs from that of university medical school hospitals. Thirty-eight of the patients had a psychiatric diagnosis or significant situational reaction. The appropriateness of referrals is attributed to the education the author provided to the hospital staff, which emphasized differential diagnosis. Psychiatric training should be modified to take into consideration the special circumstances of rural private practice, such as short hospital stays and the reluctance of patients to pursue follow-up treatment.
Searching for Significance: The Perils of Excluding Pseudo-Outliers

Abstract Several recent studies published in Poultry Science employed sampling strategies designed to include only birds near the pen mean. These nonrandom samples were used to test hypotheses concerning the effect of treatment on characteristics of interest. In this study, 415,000 experiments were simulated to determine the effects of systematically eliminating data to concentrate observations around the pen mean. Rejection rates of the true null hypotheses were compared to theoretical values. These results show that such nonrandom sampling schemes lead to significance levels that are overstated by a factor of four or more.
Bayesian inference for disease prevalence using negative binomial group testing

Group testing, also known as pooled testing, and inverse sampling are both widely used methods of data collection when the goal is to estimate a small proportion. Taking a Bayesian approach, we consider the new problem of estimating disease prevalence from group testing when inverse (negative binomial) sampling is used. Using different distributions to incorporate prior knowledge of disease incidence and different loss functions, we derive closed form expressions for posterior distributions and resulting point and credible interval estimators. We then evaluate our new estimators, on Bayesian and classical grounds, and apply our methods to a West Nile Virus data set.
Health care providers' attention to food insecurity in households with children

Abstract Objective To determine the extent to which physicians and nurse practitioners monitor household food insecurity (FI) of families with children, and to examine factors that influence FI monitoring. Method A 2007 mail survey of family practice and pediatric physicians and nurse practitioners in the Portland, Oregon, region yielded 186 responses. Factor analysis was used to identify barriers to asking about FI. Regression analysis was used to determine whether monitoring of household food status was predicted by those barriers, attentiveness to potential FI indicators, and other variables. Results Most respondents did not routinely inquire about household FI during clinic visits. However, 88.8% expressed willingness to use a standardized screening question, if available. Monitoring of household food nutritional quality was significantly predicted by one of three identified barriers (providers' time availability). Monitoring of household food sufficiency was predicted by years in practice, attentiveness to FI indicators, and the remaining two identified barriers (inadequate knowledge about FI, discomfort in discussing FI). Conclusion Routine monitoring of patients' household FI by health care providers is an underutilized strategy for reducing this condition, which poses serious risks to children's health and development. Addressing providers' concerns and introducing standardized screening procedures can increase their monitoring behaviors.
Overwintering Yellow Perch Fry in Alabama

Abstract Wild harvests of yellow perch Perca flavescens have failed to keep up with the strong market demand for the fish. Moreover, yellow perch has many attributes that make it attractive for commercial aquaculture in the USA. One drawback to yellow perch culture in the north-central region of the United States is that low winter water temperatures inhibit somatic growth. In this study, yellow perch juveniles were stocked at three densities (30, 60, and 90 per tank) in 600-L tanks in Auburn, Alabama, in early January and maintained throughout the winter until mid-April. Water in the tanks was circulated through an earthen pond and returned to the research system by means of a water pump. Tanks were aerated by means of submersible air diffusers and a regenerative air blower. Fish were offered a commercial, slow-sinking feed at 5% of body weight, and temperature was measured hourly by a remote data logger. Survival was greater than 99% in all treatments. When water temperature was below 20°C, absolute gro...
A TEST OF THE UTILITY OF PHONICS RULES

The study reported on here investigated the ability of 49 second‐grade pupils to listen to, infer and produce the correct pronunciations of 14 high‐frequency words given in a story‐like context. The 14 key words of this study were mispronounced according to specified phonics rules. The study postulates that the mental processing required in its experimental task is similar to that undertaken when beginning readers decode irregularly‐spelled written words. It was discovered that only 7 percent of the responses of the pupils in the study to its experimental task were unsuccessful. It is concluded that the findings of this study fail to support the assumption currently held by some reading experts that the application of phonics rules by beginning readers to be useful must result in the true pronunciation of a word being decoded 75 percent of the time. It is argued that this assumption has failed to consider the probability that if beginning readers can gain approximate pronunciations of irregularly spelled ...
The respiratory response of juvenile mud crabs, Rhithropanopeus harrisii to variations in salinity and following short-term exposure to halowax 1099®, a polychlorinated naphthalene (PCN)

Juvenile mud crabs Rhithropanopeus harrisii were exposed for five days to Halowax 1099, a polychlorinated naphthalene (approximately 1:1 ratio of tri- and tetrachlorinated isomers). Exposure concentrations were 0, 20, 50 or 100 μg/litre. The exposure salinity was 15%. At the end of the exposure period, respiratory rates of the crabs were determined at 15% S. The respiratory rates were also determined for control and exposed animals which were osmotically shocked by a move from 15% S to either 5 or 25% S immediately before respirometry. Exposure to PCNs always caused the mean respiratory rates of juvenile crabs to increase over control values. The respiratory response of crabs to PCN exposure was similar at the steady-state salinity (15% S) and after hyperosmotic shock (25% S). However, the mean rate for animals exposed to PCNs and given a hyposmotic shock was significantly higher than that for controls and for PCN-exposed animals at the other two salinities. Since hyperosmotic regulation of body fluids is most active at low salinities in this species, we suggest that the PCNs interfere with hyperosmotic regulation and reduce the efficiency of metabolic compensation for hyposmotic shock. The higher energetic cost of acclimation to transient reductions in salinity would be potentially detrimental to wild populations in impacted areas.
Using Simple Body-Size Metrics to Estimate Fossil Body Volume: Empirical Validation Using Diverse Paleozoic Invertebrates

Body size is one of the most significant organismal characteristics because of its strong association with nearly all important ecological and physiological characteristics. While direct body mass measurement (or estimation from other size metrics) is not feasible with most extinct taxa, body volume is a measurable and general proxy for fossil size. This study explores the reliability of several metrics that can be used to estimate the body volume of Paleozoic invertebrates of various sizes, shapes, taxonomic affinities, and ecological habits. The ATD model, based on the product of lengths of the three major body axes (anteroposterior, transverse, and dorsoventral), is simple and widely applicable. Models specific to particular morphological and taxonomic groups are slightly more accurate than this ATD model, but the advantages are minor. The ATD model is consistent with previous studies demonstrating widespread shape allometry—that is, small taxa tend to have globose geometries while large ones tend to be conical, even within the same taxonomic group. The ATD model successfully predicts the volume of 10 validation samples that were excluded from development of the original model. Because the linear measurements used to estimate volume are easy to obtain from specimens in the field or from published work, estimates of body volume can be incorporated into paleontological analyses, even those spanning multiple phyla.
Optical proximity correction by e-beam over-correction

Proximity correction mechanism in e-beam systems can be explored to correct optical proximity effect in resist. Using a Hitachi HL-800 e-beam mask writer, we demonstrate optical proximity correction (OPC) for [email protected] attenuated phase-shifting contact holes with duty ratios from 1:1 to 1:5, for various optical settings and resist systems. This method is simpler to implement than traditional OPC.
Edward Wheeler Hones Jr. (1922–2012)

Space physicist Edward Wheeler Hones Jr. died on 17 September 2012 at his home in Los Alamos, N. M. He was 90 years old. The cause of death was a heart attack that came following a brief hospitalization.
Entity-relationship diagrams and English: an analysis of some problems encountered in a database design course

The simplicity and clarity of the entity-relationship approach recommends its use as a tool for teaching database design. Nonetheless, the approach does not appear to be problem-free. Analysis of student entity-relationship diagrams for two database design projects reveals a tendency students have to model English sentences and to use English syntax to guide the modeling process. The paper discusses why this may be the case, and how it may be avoided.
Identifying baseline food safety training practices for retail delis using the Delphi expert consensus method

Abstract With the seriousness of foodborne illness risk in the deli industry, more emphasis is being placed on food safety training for deli employees. It is critical to identify the minimal, baseline training that must be given to every new employee in order to keep the public safe from foodborne illnesses. Food safety objectives (286) were obtained based on the 2009 United States Food and Drug Administration Food Code and four online food safety training platforms, and were screened by expert Beta panelists to 75. These were presented to 15 experts currently working in or managing retail delis in a three round modified Delphi technique by means of Qualtrics survey software. Delphi is a unique method to develop group consensus for what should be included in subject matter where precise information is not readily available. In the first Delphi round none of the objectives, including those from the FDA Model Food Code, reached the consensus level. A 5-point Likert scale was used to identify the relevance of each deli specific, food safety objective. The results of our statistical analysis were presented to the expert panel before each subsequent Delphi round, so that by the third iteration, 53% of the panelists agreed with the inclusion of particular deli specific training objectives. Fifty-eight of the 75 training objectives achieved at least a 70% consensus rate. None of the current online food safety training materials addresses deli specific content. The results of this research could serve as a guideline when food safety instructors in deli operations develop their own training materials or to identify key concepts in existing training platforms.
Naturally occurring, unmodified bacterial toxin for the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme?

Commentary to:Verotoxin-1 Induction of Apoptosis in Gb3-expressing Human Glioma Cell LinesDavid Johansson, Anders Johansson, Kjell Grankvist, Ulrika Andersson, Roger Henriksson, Per Bergstrom, Thomas Brannstrom and Parviz Behnam-MotlaghCancer Biology & Therapy 2006; 5(9):1211 - 1217
String production as a model of hadronization in the quark-gluon plasma

We consider a picture where string formation is the key stage in the transition from a free quark-gluon system to a confined phase where quarks and gluons appear only as hadrons. String formation is modeled by the topological mechanism for string formation used extensively in the studies of cosmic strings. In our model, mesons are {ital q{bar q}} pairs connected by strings, glueballs are loops of string, and baryons are three quarks connected by a {ital Y}-shaped string configuration. Given the probability for string formation, we calculate production rates for glueballs and baryons in a cooling quark-gluon plasma. Consistency of the string picture with the existence of two distinct phases of QCD imposes restrictions on the transition temperature. Several unusual properties of the model such as the existence of hot spots and large loops of QCD string are pointed out.
On a risk management analysis of oil spill risk using maritime transportation system simulation

Is it safer for New Orleans river gambling boats to be underway than to be dockside? Is oil transportation risk reduced by lowering wind restrictions from 45 to 35 knots at Hinchinbrook Entrance for laden oil tankers departing Valdez, Alaska? Should the International Safety Management (ISM) code be implemented fleet-wide for the Washington State Ferries in Seattle, or does it make more sense to invest in additional life craft? Can ferry service in San Francisco Bay be expanded in a safe manner to relieve high way congestion? These risk management questions were raised in a series of projects spanning a time frame of more than 10 years. They were addressed using a risk management analysis methodology developed over these years by a consortium of universities. In this paper we shall briefly review this methodology which integrates simulation of Maritime Transportation Systems (MTS) with incident/accident data collection, expert judgment elicitation and a consequence model. We shall describe recent advances with respect to this methodology in more detail. These improvements were made in the context of a two-year oil transportation risk study conducted from 2006–2008 in the Puget Sound and surrounding waters. An application of this methodology shall be presented comparing the risk reduction effectiveness analysis of a one-way zone, an escorting and a double hull requirement in the same context.
Near Field Surface Wave Enhanced Photon Transport

Radiative energy transfer as described by the classical radiation transfer theory of Planck is valid only when the distance between the participating surfaces is larger than a few wavelengths of the characteristic radiation. When the spacing is comparable to the wavelength, electromagnetic theory and the fluctuation-dissipation theorem can be used to predict the energy transfer between the surfaces. We have used the electromagnetic Green’s function method to model the thermal energy transfer between two half planes with planar layers in between. With polar materials as the half planes, we see a narrowband energy transfer in the near field due to energy transfer by surface phonon polaritons. We have used this technique to show that such a resonance, however dampened, persists even with the presence of a layer of photovoltaic material. This results in not only an increased energy transfer to the photovoltaic material as compared to black body radiation but also imparts a narrowband characteristic to it. The implications for thermophotovoltaics are discussed.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
‘We the People:’ Diversifying Role Playing in Undergraduate American Politics Courses

Even though role playing can theoretically include acting as any "person in a particular situation" (Van Ments 1989, 16), role-playing assignments in political science courses tend to limit their roles to elite actors. Students pretend they are members of Congress (Ciliotta-Rubery and Levy 2000; Endersby and Webber 1995; Josefson and Casey 2000), interest group lobbyists (Endersby and Webber 1995; Josefson and Casey 2000), members of the executive branch (Endersby and Webber 1995; Josefson and Casey 2000), candidates (Kathlene and Choate 1999), ministers of other countries (Newmann and Twigg 2000), European party officials (Kaarbo and Lantis 1997), and Supreme Court justices (Hensley 1993). Students are not asked to be members of the
Sound production in scolytidae: ‘Rivalry’ behaviour of male Dendroctonus beetles

Abstract Intrasex response of two males at the gallery of an attractive female included ‘rivalry’ stridulation that was distinct in certain acoustic properties from chirps evoked by the female attractant. With the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis , comparison of chirps evoked by natural and synthetic chemostimulus confirmed that myrtenol is part of the female attractant, that verbenone is multifunctional according to its concentration, and that endo -brevicomin has a rivalry function as well as its anti-aggregative effect. Considerable acoustic specificity was apparent in tested chirps of three bark beetles.
Fate of Abnormal Proteins in E. coli Accumulation in Intracellular Granules before Catabolism

Escherichia coli can selectively degrade proteins with abnormal structures1–4. Certain mutant proteins are rapidly catabolized even though the normal gene products are stable3–5. Similarly, the incorporation of various amino-acid analogues or puromycin1,2 into cell proteins or frequent errors in translation2 lead to the rapid degradation of the resulting abnormal proteins. This degradation appears to involve a proteolytic mechanism distinct from that activated during starvation to provide starving cells with a source of amino-acids for protein synthesis6,7.
Parabiotic demonstration of a humoral factor affecting megakaryocyte size in Sl/Sld mice.

Parabiosis was done between Sl/Sl/sup d/ mice and their normal +/+ littermates and between pairs of +/+ mice. The purpose was to determine if Sl/Sl/sup d/ mice produced a substance that would stimulate megakaryocytopoiesis. It was found that +/+ mice attached to Sl/Sl/sup d/ mice showed macromegakaryocytosis suggesting that megakaryocytopoiesis was stimulated. Nonspecific findings in +/+ parabiotic pairs included a lesser degree of megakaryocytic macrocytosis. These findings did not appear to be due to growth of Sl/Sl/sup d/ stem cells in the +/+ parabionts. Radiation to Sl/Sl/sup d/ or +/+ bone marrow did not change the size of megakaryocytes. The results suggest that Sl/Sl/sup d/ mice produce a thrombopoietic substance even though they have a normal complement of circulating platelets.
Women’s Work? Predictors of Young Men’s Aspirations for Entering Traditionally Female-dominated Occupations

The purpose of this study was to extend Gottfredson’s (1981) theory of circumscription and compromise by examining how gender role attitudes, peers, educational aspirations, family background, race/ethnicity, and labor market factors predict the degree to which young men aspired toward more (or less) female-dominated occupations. Two waves of data from male respondents to the National Study of Youth and Religion (NSYR), a nationally representative dataset of U.S. teens, were analyzed (N = 1,157). Most independent variables were obtained from the first wave of data, conducted in 2002 to 2003, when the young men were between the ages of 13 and 17. Occupational aspirations were obtained from the second wave, conducted in 2005, when the young men were ages 16 to 21. Two methodological approaches were utilized. A logistic regression predicted the odds of male respondents aspiring to a female-dominated occupation compared to a male-dominated occupation. An ordinary least squares regression predicted the percentage of current jobholders who were female in the respondents’ aspired occupations. Findings revealed that the proportion of one’s friends who were female, parental educational attainment, and the projected growth of an occupation were positively correlated with aspiring toward female-dominated occupations and the percent femaleness of those occupations. The median income of an occupation was negatively associated with aspiring toward female-dominated occupations and the percent femaleness of those occupations. Educational aspirations, holding conservative gender role attitudes, and being Black were associated with the percent of female job incumbents but not the likelihood of aspiring to a female-dominated occupation.
Ultrastructure of three choroid plexus papillomas.

This report describes the ultrastructure of three choroid plexus papillomas (CPP) from female patients, aged 2 months, 3 years, and 57 years, respectively. The infantile case manifested clinical evidence of excess CSF formation. All three were well-differentiated neoplasms resembling normal choroid plexus (CP). Each displayed distinctive individual patterns of plasmalemmas, organelle population, and nuclei. The two childhood tumors contained prominent deposits of cytoplasmic glycogen, thus simulating the embryonic state. The vasculature of all three lesions included fenestrated capillaries indistinguishable from those of normal CP. Ventricular plasmalemmas were separated from lateral and basal plasmalemmas by tight junctions. The geometrical relationship between capillaries, tumor cells, and ventricle was characteristic of epithelia involved in fluid transport. These findings offer structural evidence that well-differentiated CPPs are capable of participating in CSF formation.
The crystal and molecular structure of (BrHg)2Fe(CO)4

Abstract The crystal and molecular structure of (BrHg)2Fe(CO)4 has been determined from a three-dimensional X-ray diffraction study. This compound crystallizes with 16 formula species in an orthorhombic unit cell with space group symmetry Fdd2- (C192v) and lattice parameters a = 24.84 A, b = 13.65 A, and c = 12.91 A. The structure consists of discrete molecules of (BrHg)2Fe(CO)4 of idealized C2v, symmetry with the central iron atom in an approximately octahedral environment of four carbonyl groups and two cis-HgBr ligands. This X-ray study represents the first direct evidence for the existence of an iron-mercury bond. Crystallographic data show the isostructural molecular analogue (IHg)2Fe(CO)4 not to be isomorphous in the solid state with (BrHg)2Fe(CO)4. Crystals of (IHg)2Fe(CO)4, are orthorhombic with 8 formula species in a unit cell of symmetry Pbn21 C92v and of lattice parameters a = 13.17 A, b = 13.32 A, and c = 13.40 A.
Effects of high-dose simvastatin on adrenal and gonadal steroidogenesis in men with hypercholesterolemia

In view of the role of both the de novo biosynthesis and receptor-mediated uptake of cholesterol for normal steroidogenesis, we evaluated whether extending the therapeutic dose of the hepatic hydroxymethyl glutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitor, simvastatin, to 80 mg/d would affect adrenal and gonadal steroid synthesis in men with hypercholesterolemia. To evaluate this question, we enrolled men into a multicenter randomized, placebo-controlled study lasting 12 weeks. Men with serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) more than 145 mg/dL after 6 weeks of a lipid-lowering diet were randomized to 80 mg simvastatin or placebo. Half of the subjects were asked to undergo a 6-hour infusion of corticotropin (ACTH) to evaluate cortisol synthesis, and the entire cohort received a human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) stimulation test to assess gonadal hormone secretion using pooled serum samples taken 15 minutes apart. A total of 81 men (age, 45 +/- 11 years; 93% Caucasian) with baseline serum LDL-C of 197 mg/dL (placebo, n = 39) and 184 mg/dL (simvastatin 80 mg, n = 42) completed the study. After 12 weeks, serum LDL-C, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in the simvastatin group changed by -43%, -25%, and 8%, respectively (all P < .001). The basal cortisol level and the peak serum cortisol and area under the curve response to the 6-hour ACTH infusion were comparable between the two treatment groups at baseline and after 12 weeks. The pooled total testosterone level at baseline was 541 and 513 ng/dL in the placebo and simvastatin-treated groups, respectively, which declined to 536 +/- 20.5 ng/dL (-1.5%) and 474 +/- 30.4 ng/dL (-13.6%, P = .09) after treatment (mean +/- SD). The pooled free testosterone declined by 6.3% in the simvastatin group, versus a 4.9% increase in the placebo group (P = .588), while pooled bioavailable testosterone declined 10.2% in the simvastatin group and increased 1.4% in the placebo group (P = .035). There were no changes in serum gonadotropin levels or sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG). After administration of hCG, there were no differences in the peak total pooled testosterone level before or after 12 weeks of treatment. Simvastatin 80 mg was well tolerated compared with placebo. In conclusion, basal and stimulated cortisol production was unaffected by the use of simvastatin 80 mg versus placebo. As reported with other statins and cholestyramine, there were small declines in the simvastatin-treated group for pooled total, free, and bioavailable testosterone after 12 weeks, although there was no compensatory increase in serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) or luteinizing hormone (LH) levels.
Do Plato's philosopher‐rulers sacrifice self‐interest to justice?

I shall argue that the answer to the title question is no, the philosopherrulers do not sacrifice self-interest to justice. In one sense of "justice", this is an uncontroversial claim. Virtually all interpreters of the Republic agree that the conclusion of the main argument of Books II-IV is that psychic justice is the foundation of one's happiness and thus psychic justice is also an integral part of one's self-interest. But in another sense of "justice", this is an extremely controversial claim. Many interpreters believe that philosophers sacrifice their self-interest by governing the model polis in accordance with the demands of social justice. However, I shall argue that social justice is as much an integral part of one's happiness and so of one's self-interest as psychic justice. In the first section of this paper I examine the key arguments of the aforementioned interpreters. In the second section I demonstrate that, contrary to the claims of these interpreters, the philosophers do not sacrifice any of their happiness by ruling the ideal polis. In the third and final section I elucidate the conception of self-interest at work in the Republic and demonstrate that Socrates' defense does not rely on any equivocation of the term "justice". Rather, his argument is that being just is essential to one's own self-interest, whether one conceives of justice as a psychic virtue, i.e., each part of the soul fulfilling its proper function for the good of the soul as a whole, or as a social virtue, i.e., each person in a society fulfilling his or her proper function for the good of society as a whole.*