cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Clinicopathologic features of Chandler's syndrome

The clinicopathologic features of Chandler's syndrome are elucidated based on a study of nine patients. Keratoplasty, trabeculectomy and/or iris specimens were studied by light, electron and, in six cases, specular microscopy. The prominent pathologic features were abnormalities of the endothelially-derived cells lining the posterior corneal surface, the inner surface of the trabecular meshwork, and the anterior iris surface. In all four corneal buttons, the endothelium was diffusely attenuated and focally absent, and posterior collagen layers were present. Extension of the endothelial cell layer and Descemet's membrane deposition over the trabecular meshwork were observed in two trabeculectomy specimens, and similar proliferation onto the anterior surface of the iris was evident in four iris specimens. Other abnormalities of the endothelial cells included increased intracytoplasmic filaments. These pathologic alterations are consistent with the concept of Chandler's syndrome as representing one variant of the iridocorneal endothelial (ICE) syndrome. Interestingly, although both endothelial proliferative and degenerative responses can be observed in Chandler's syndrome, their occurrence within the same eye is apparently not simultaneous.
The effect of donor race on the survival of Black Americans undergoing liver transplantation for chronic hepatitis C.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of donor race on the outcome of black patients with chronic hepatitis C infection who undergo liver transplantation. The records of deceased donor liver transplantations that occurred in the United States between January 1998 and December 2007 were obtained from the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS). 26,212 records contained sufficient data to be included in the analysis. Of these, 11,989 (45.7%) were positive for hepatitis C virus (HCV) and 1,292 (4.9%) were both HCV-positive and black. Black recipients with white donors were found to have significantly worse outcomes compared to all other recipient-donor race combinations (p < 0.001). The crude five-year survival rate for black recipients who had a black donor was 14% higher than the five-year survival rate for black recipients who had a white donor. Multivariate regression analysis determined that a graft from a race-unmatched donor was an independent risk factor for graft failure (HR = 1.41, 95% CI 1.11-1.79) among HCV-positive black recipients, but not among HCV-negative black recipients, after adjusting for donor age, recipient age, cold ischemia time, serum creatinine, serum bilirubin, diabetes mellitus, body mass index (BMI), and donor cytomegalovirus (CMV) status. The observation that race-unmatched grafts are a risk factor in HCV-positive black recipients, but not in HCV-negative black recipients, suggests an alteration of the graft-host relationship by HCV. In conclusion, our results suggest that HCV-positive black recipients who undergo liver transplantation can have increased graft survival if their donor is black, with survival rates approaching that of white liver transplant recipients.
Addressing the Moral Quandary of Contemporary Universities: Rejecting a Less than Human Moral Education.

Whereas a consensus used to exist that universities had the responsibility to make students more fully human, today one finds scholars claiming that universities should form only certain aspects of a student’s identity or should draw primarily from only certain aspects. In other words, scholars support the claim that the university should or should not undertake a certain kind of moral education by appealing to a particular aspect of human or institutional identity. In this paper, we survey two such arguments regarding moral education in the university as well as a third option that leaves open the possibility of an approach to moral education grounded in a specific kind of humanism. The paper then evaluates these arguments and contends that the vision for moral education with a pluralistic humanistic vision provides the best vision for moral enquiry and formation in higher education.
The Toxicity of Some Pesticide Residues to Adult Amblyseius hibisci, with a Compilation of the Effects of Pesticides upon Phytoseiid Mites

The effects of the residues of 62 commercial pesticides upon the predatory phytoseiid mite, Amblyseius hibisci (Chant), were examined in the laboratory to obtain information on how this species may be protected in integrated chemical and biological control programs, and how the effectiveness of this predator May be measurted with pesticidal check procedures, i.e. by the host increase arising from the predator's elimination by pesticides. Methods of handling, feeding, and testing the adult mites are described. Laboratory test results on adult A. hibisci are presented along with a list of published laboratory and field reports on the effects of the same toxicants upon other species of phytoseiids. Almost all the organic phosphate and carbamate insecticides tested were moderately to highly toxic. Considerable tolerance was shown by the adults to 2 of the chlorinated hydrocarbons, 4 of the acaricides, 3 of the stomach poisons, and 4 of the fungicides tested. Conflicting reports of pesticide effects upon other phytoseiids emphasize the variability in response to be expected with different species of this group. Subjects discussed are pesticide specificity to phytoseiids, characterization of pesticides causing destruction of phytoseiids, potential integrated control or pesticidal check materials, and apparent associations between phytoseiid destruction and the increase of phytophagous mites.
AN ANALYTICAL SOLUTION FOR DYNAMIC THERMAL TRANSMISSION LOADS

Thermal mass in building envelopes reduces the magnitude of diurnal conductive loads and, in some cases, reduces energy use for heating and cooling. In general, dynamic simulation is required to estimate the magnitude of these effects. This paper seeks to derive closed-form expressions of thermal time lag and amplitude dampening through building envelope structures, to aid in the design process before detailed simulation is performed, and to improve intuition about the effects of thermal mass in buildings. An analytical solution for the temperature distribution through an infinite wall subjected to a sinusoidal temperature boundary condition is derived. The solution is verified by comparison with a finite element solution. Next, it is hypothesized that the analytical solution for an infinite wall could also describe the temperature variation on the inside surface of a finite wall. The hypothesis is tested by comparing the temperature distribution predicted by the analytical solution to the temperature distribution predicted by a finite element model of a finite wall. The results confirm that analytical solution adequately described the temperature variation in a finite wall. Based on the analytical solution, separate closed-form expressions of time delay and amplitude dampening for thermal load transmission through building envelopes are derived. The use of these expressions is demonstrated for light frame and concrete walls.
Spot weld failure from buckling-induced stressing of beams under cyclic bending and torsion

Abstract An important design constraint of spot-welded beams is the fatigue strength of the spot welds. The present study is concerned with predicting the cyclic life of the spot-welded joints in beams under bending and torsion. First the physical mechanism of buckling-induced stressing is analyzed. The stress distribution is obtained from a two-dimensional buckling model. Afterwards, an expression for the J integral is found in terms of the geometric and loading parameters. This expression is used with a Paris' law type of fatigue crack growth to assess the fatigue life of the design. Subsequently, an analysis that explains the phenomenon for the case of torsion loading is provided. An example case is treated in order to obtain numerical results for the J integral and the number of fatigue cycles as a function of the applied loading or the weld spacing.
A FAMILY APPROACH TO PSYCHOLOGICAL SERVICES

Current thinking among some members of the psychological care-giving disciplines reflects dissatisfaction with traditional one-to-one forms of psychotherapy. Not only has individual psychotherapy been criticized as costly, lengthy, and not always effective, but it has been unavailable for large numbers of potential consumers. The current search for new ways of delivering psychological services (along with other healthrelated or human services), in order to reach a wider population in more appropriate ways, has opened up the possibility for expanding beyond traditional practices. Not only have new delivery systems been explored but also new insights have been developed regarding possible factors involved in the origin of psychologically disordered behavior. One such insight is that an individual's failure to cope with stress, either because that external stress is too great or persistent or because his or her internal adaptive resources are (perhaps temporarily) inadequate to the task, frequently can be traced to factors that operate currently in his or her family situation. Family therapy, then, becomes a vehicle for offering services to a whole system in need of repair. Family therapy is a psychotherapeutic approach aimed at helping the family, as a functioning system, to interact in more constructive and mutually facilitating ways. More an orientation to viewing human problems in their context than representative of any single set of theoretical formulations, family therapy directs the family's attention to faulty, destructive, or pathological modes of family communication and interpersonal transactions for the purpose of changing the family system. In contrast to more traditional forms of individual psychotherapy, changes in the behavior of individual family members occur in family therapy as a result of system change, not vice versa. That is, family therapy is not simply treating individuals in a family context; rather, it assumes that it is the disordered family process that requires intervention and change, that it is the system that is faulty. In family therapy, the family itself is the functional unit requiring study and psychological service. The individual with the emotional problem or psychological symptoms is merely the/dent/f/ed
Mechanisms of Renal Microvascular Dysfunction in Type 1 Diabetes: Potential Contribution to End Organ Damage

The mechanisms underlying initiation and progression of diabetic nephropathy are not well understood, despite the fact that diabetes represents the chief underlying cause of end-stage renal disease. The onset of diabetic hyperglycemia is now known to evoke functional alterations in the renal microvasculature, glomeruli and tubular epithelium. Although the scope of these effects is not yet fully recognized, the renal vascular dysfunction evident early after onset of T1D likely encompasses impaired electromechanical coupling in preglomerular vascular smooth muscle and altered interactions between tubular transport and vascular function. These changes, which arise in environment conducive to oxidative stress and inflammation, are thought to either initiate or facilitate the eventual development of diabetic nephropathy in susceptible individuals.
Spontaneous production and transmission of subgroup E retroviruses in line 15B chickens

Abstract Spontaneous subgroup E virus infection was studied in adult breeders of line 15B chickens for four generations. Breeding from adult birds free of virus in their serum led to a reduction in the proportion of viremic birds and an increase in those with neutralizing antibodies for subgroup E virus. Maintenance of small groups of birds in isolation and passage of individual embryo cell cultures clearly showed that subgroup E virus infection can be a spontaneous event not clue to contact infection by other lines of chickens producing subgroup E virus. Five virus isolates from this flock had unique p-19's typical of line 15B virus spontaneously produced in culture and different from subgroup E virus produced by other chickens kept on our farm. We conclude that most of the subgroup E virus infecting this flock was of line 15B origin.
A fluorescent probe for rapid aqueous fluoride detection and cell imaging.

A stable and highly selective fluorescent probe has been designed and synthesized for the rapid detection of fluoride ions (F−) in aqueous solution and living cells. The design was based on the high reactivity of F− toward a silyl group.
Eigenvalue solution for the convected wave equation in a circular soft wall duct

Abstract A numerical approach to find the eigenvalues of the wave equation applied in a circular duct with convective flow and soft wall boundary conditions is proposed. The characteristic equation is solved in the frequency domain as a function of a locally reacting acoustic impedance and the flow Mach number. In addition, the presence of the convective flow couples the solution of the eigenvalues with the axial propagation constants. The unknown eigenvalues are also related to these propagation constants by a quadratic expression that leads to two solutions. These two solutions replaced into the characteristic equation generate two separate eigenvalue problems depending on the direction of propagation. Given that the resulting nonlinear complex-valued equations do not provide the solution explicitly, a numerical technique must be used. The proposed approach is based on the minimization of the absolute value of the characteristic equation by the Nelder–Mead simplex method. The main advantage of this method is that it only uses function evaluations, rather than derivatives, and geometric reasoning. The minimization is performed starting from very low frequencies and increasing by small steps to the particular frequency of interest. The initial guess for the first frequency of calculation is provided as the hard wall eigenvalue solution. Then, the solution from the previous step is used as the initial value for the next calculation. This approach was specifically developed for applications with resonator-type liners commonly used in the commercial aviation industry, where the low-frequency behavior resembles that of a hard wall and agrees with the first initial guess for the first frequency of calculation. The numerical technique was found to be very robust in terms of convergence and stability. Also, the method provides a physical meaning for each eigenvalue since the variation as a function of frequency can be clearly followed with respect to the values that are originally linked to the hard wall modes.
Palliative Sedation at the End of Life: Uses and Abuses

Abstract Palliative sedation is becoming more widely used in complex end-of-life scenarios. Its use is clearly a significant advance in good medical care in some settings but without the clear ethical guidelines of our Catholic moral tradition its use can lead to euthanasia. The current literature on palliative sedation is reviewed from both the secular and Catholic ethical perspectives. Case scenarios are used to illustrate both perspectives. Particular emphasis is placed on using sound ethical principles in the consideration of using palliative sedation at the end of life. Trends in the use of palliative sedation are reviewed.
Two different laminin domains mediate the differentiation of human endothelial cells into capillary-like structures in vitro

Endothelial cells, both microvascular as well as large vessel, undergo differentiation slowly in culture under most conditions. When endothelial cells are cultured on Matrigel, a solid gel of basement membrane proteins, they rapidly align and form hollow tube-like structures. We show here that tube formation is a multi-step process induced by laminin. An RGD-containing sequence in the A chain of laminin through an integrin receptor on the endothelial cell induces their attachment to the protein while a YIGSR site in the B1 chain induces cell-cell interactions and the resulting tube formation. We also show that the laminin-derived synthetic peptide YIGSR contains sufficient information to induce single endothelial cells to form ring-like structures surrounding a hollow lumen, the basic putative unit in the formation of capillaries.
Exploring the health of late Pleistocene mammals: the use of Harris lines

ABSTRACT Harris lines are osteological markers of recovery from an episode of growth arrest that have been utilized primarily to track fluctuations in the health of prehistoric human communities. The transverse lines are visible in radiographs of long bones and should be visible in well-preserved fossil material. Here, we test their utility for non-hominid fossils in an analysis of late Pleistocene mammals from the extensive collections of the Rancho La Brea tar seeps. The species examined include dire wolf (Canis dims), coyote (C. latrans), sabertooth cat (Smilodon fatalis), bison (Bison antiquus), camel (Camelops hesternus), and horse (Equus laurentius). The tar pits range in age from about 33,000 years ago to near the time of last appearance of all these species but the coyote, about 11,000 years ago. The frequency of Harris lines in the bones of the fossil mammals ranged from less than one percent to nearly seven percent. These frequencies were compared with those found in samples of presumed healthy ...
Radiologic consultation: Effect on inpatient diagnostic imaging evaluation in a teaching hospital

Rationale and Objectives. The authors evaluated radiologic consultation affecting resident physician ordering of relatively expensive imaging studies. Methods. Requisitions ( n = 180) for expensive imaging studies from three general medicine floors (two consultation floors, one control floor) were prospectively evaluated. Information on the requisitions was classified as appropriate, inappropriate, or undecided if insufficient information was provided. On the consultation floors, but not the control floor, the medical residents were contacted about all studies initially considered inappropriate or undecided before they were performed. Results. Nine of 119 requisitions (7.6%) from the consultation floors were considered inappropriate. In three studies (2.5%) the imaging evaluation was modified as the result of the interaction with the radiologist. There was no significant difference in the total number of radiologic studies or percentage of the total that were expensive imaging studies when comparing the consultation floors with the control floor. Conclusion. Radiologic consultation on expensive imaging studies through routine review of requisitions did not significantly change their use by house staff.
Sex Difference in Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection: Studies of Serum HBeAg and Alanine Aminotransferase Levels in 10,431 Asymptomatic Chinese HBsAg Carriers

To study the difference between the sexes with regard to chronic hepatitis B virus infection, we surveyed levels of serum hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) among 10,431 asymptomatic Chinese carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in Taiwan. There were 7,095 men and 3,336 women in this study; ages ranged from 15 to 70 years. HBeAg was detected in 19.6% of HBsAg carriers. The prevalence of HBeAg decreased significantly with increasing age. HBeAg was detected in 17.7% of men and 23.6% of women. After correction for the confounding effect of age, it was found that the prevalence of HBeAg was significantly higher among women than among men. The level of serum ALT was abnormal in 20.8% of HBsAg carriers. Abnormal ALT levels were significantly more frequent among HBsAg carriers who tested positive for HBeAg (39.7%) than among those who did not (16.2%; P < .001). Among the HBeAg-positive carriers, 43.2% of men and 34.2% of women had abnormal ALT levels, and men were 1.45 times more likely to have abnormal ALT levels than women (P < .001). Among the carriers who were negative for HBeAg, 20.6% of men and only 6.0% of women had abnormal ALT levels, and men were 3.98 times more likely to have abnormal ALT levels than women (P < .001). Overall, 24.6% of men and only 12.6% of women had abnormal ALT levels, and men were 2.33 times more likely to have abnormal ALT levels than were women (P < .001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The Design of a Versatile Nanosecond Transient and Time-Resolved Raman Spectrometer

The instrumental details of a nanosecond to millisecond transient and time-resolved Raman spectrometer are presented. This instrument allows for a variety of sample handling protocols and provides time-resolution appropriate for the investigation of most biological kinetic processes and solution photochemistry involving long-lived excited states. Two specific examples of its application are presented.
Visual experience and maturation of retinal synaptic pathways.

Abstract The retinal synaptic network continues its maturational refinement after eye opening in mammals. This synaptic refinement is reflected in changes of retinal neuron synaptic activity and connectivity. In mature retina, the dendrites of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in the inner plexiform layer (IPL) of retina are separated into ON or OFF sublamina. At early developmental stage, however, the dendrites of most RGCs are ramified throughout the IPL. Recently we found that the postnatal maturational processes converting bistratified ON–OFF responsive RGCs to monostratified ON and OFF responsive RGCs depend upon visual stimulation after eye opening.
The role of logistics in concurrent engineering

Abstract This paper supports early logistics involvement in the early phases of product design and development in a con- current engineering environment. A concurrent engineering environment and the benefits of such involvement are explained in detail. The paper then focuses on facilitating an interface and collaboration between the designer and the logistician. Four areas of interface are considered: 1. (a) logistics engineering, 2. (b) manufacturing logistics, 3. (c) design for packaging, and 4. (d) design for transportability. A set of prescriptive design rules and suggestions for each area of inter- face are proposed. These rules and suggestions are intended to effectively accomplish the design for logistics concerns. The design rules and suggestions are meant to be comprehensive and generic in order to allow designers and logisti- cians to meet their own particular case. In conclusion, a set of concluding remarks and assessments are provided.
The effects of phosphorus and carbon on the hardenability of 41XX type steels

The effects of phosphorus and carbon on the hardenability of 41XX steels were examined by Jominy end-quench testing. Carbon was evaluated by selection of 4130, 4140, and 4150 steels, and each alloy contained nominally 0.002 or 0.02 wt pct P. Hardenability was significantly enhanced by phosphorus (an increase in DI, of about 35 pct when P was increased from 0.002 to 0.02 pct) in the 4150 steel only. Isothermal transformation experiments and the Jominy tests showed that the improvement in hardenability was due to the retardation of bainite formation by phosphorus in the 4150 steel. The improved hardenability is attributed to critical concentrations of segregated carbon and phosphorus at austenitic grain boundaries, apparently the same phenomenon that renders medium carbon steels susceptible to tempered martensite embrittlement.
Hypertension in hispanics comments on a major disease in a mix of ethnic groups

Hypertension is a disorder that, theoretically, is easily detected and effectively treated. Unfortunately, high blood pressure is a painless cardiovascular risk factor that is associated with nonspecific symptomatology and depends—under most circumstances—on life-long treatment for amelioration or control. Paradoxically, these characteristics make hypertension susceptible to poor detection or control as a result of patient or physician idiosyncrasies. As a consequence, it remains, directly or indirectly, a leading cause of death and morbidity. Especially vulnerable are minority groups for whom a multifactorial array of impediments may retard the dissemination of information making it difficult to detect and treat hypertension. It is not clear that despite the widening of our base of knowledge in relation to hypertension in “Hispanics,” we have sufficient data (or the possibility to acquire it) to help answer many of the questions that can be formulated for this amalgam of ethnic groups. Moreover, the role of acculturation in the development of high blood pressure remains largely unexplored.
Fifty Years of Nano‐Science (Art)

Morphological studies of polymers by transmission electron microscopy is suggested as being the “art of producing interpretable artifacts” and, as such, results in both art and science. Summarized and represented here are some 50 years of morphology research and the resulting art, as presented at the International Polymer Symposium on Polymer Morphology/Structure, held April 8–9, 2005 at Champaign‐Urbana, Illinois. Because all structure in polymers, on the next hierarchical size scale larger than the repeat distance and unit cell, is on the order of 100 A, hence the label “nano” is used. Included are figures representing the nucleation, growth from solution and melt, and deformation of macromolecular materials.
The Practice of Arithmetic by American Grocery Shoppers

This study examines the arithmetic procedures people use when shopping for groceries in American supermarkets. The data were gathered by following people around supermarkets while observing and recording their behavior. It is much easier to investigate arithmetic practice in controlled environments that simulate a few theoretically interesting aspects of the much more complex outside world. But there is one important feature of grocery shopping behavior that cannot be simulated easily. In the supermarket, people generate their own problems as well as solve them, whereas in the laboratory, problems are formulated by the researcher. How problems originate is an interesting question in its own right: What kinds of problems do people ordinarily encounter in the course of grocery shopping that require the manipulation of quantitative information? But there is another reason to study problem-formation, one that has more theoretical importance. It may be that the way people generate problems largely determines how they go on to solve them. The relationship between problem-formation and problem-solving in supermarket arithmetic is the central focus of this study.
Interaction of heparin with polyallylamine-immobilized surfaces

A new method to bind ionically and remove heparin from solution and dilute serum is described. Utilizing cellulose diacetate (CA) as the polymer substrate, a cationic polymer chain—poly(allylamine)-PALA—was immobilized directly onto the CA surface and onto the surface using poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) spacer groups. The ionic interaction between the anionic heparin molecule and the cationic PALA polymer is specific and effective to remove haparin from the bulk solution. The binding properties of heparin onto the PALA and PEG-PALA surfaces were examined. The effects of PEG spacers on heparin binding onto the PALA-immobilized surface were investigated by varying the MW of PEG spacers. PALA (MW 8500)-immobilized surfaces exhibited enhanced heparin binding. The maximum heparin binding was observed in the region of PEG MW 2000–4000. For the high-molecular-weight PALA (MW 50,000)-immobilized surfaces, heparin binding was independent of the molecular weight of PEG. PEG spacers were also evaluated for their ability to prevent or decrease protein (albumin) adsorption. It was observed that at high albumin concentrations, the adsorption of proteins decreased with increasing chain length of PEG, up to MW 3400. These observations suggest that low-molecular-weight PALA (MW 8500)-immobilized CA surfaces with PEG spacers (MW 3400) may provide increased heparin binding capacity and decreased protein adsorption. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Between Ashkenaz and Québécois: Fifty Years of Francophone Sephardim in Montréal

As a result of its historical cleavage on the basis of language (English and French) and the continuing importance of a majoritarian Francophone province (Quebec), Canada is proactive about protecting communal identity. This double context of a proactive Canadian commitment to identity and Quebecois commitment to Francophonie inadvertently encourages the preservation of ethnolinguistic distinctions within the Jewish community. Diasporic Jewish experience in Canada is thus intrinsically different from what prevails in the United States, particularly as it relates to Francophone Jewry. In Montreal, the religious ideal of klal Yisrael —unity of the Jewish people— is significantly tempered by the bilingual host environment. Canadian multiculturalism serves as a buffer for the ethnic identity of Jews from North Africa, while Montreal bilingualism encourages Frenchspeaking Jews to preserve their identity as Francophones. Ideal notions thus operate in contradiction with social fact: the ethnoreligious ideal of a single Jewish people transcending all sub-group divergences versus the lived reality that Ashkenazim and Sephardim are distanced by divergent histories, traits, languages, and rites. This surrounding national (and, in Quebec, sub-national) context fosters— indeed, encourages—the preservation of ethnolinguistic distinctions within the Jewish community. In this way, the Quebec Jewish experience differs substantially from both Israel (where language is no longer a significant differentiator between Ashkenazim and Sephardim) and the United States. These conclusions remain salient fifty years after the Sephardic community first began its collective emigration to Quebec.
A note on the method of multipliers

Implementation of the penalty function method for constrained optimization poses numerical difficulties as the penalty parameter increases. To offset this problem, one often resorts to Newton's method. In this note, working in the context of the penalty function method, we establish an intimate connection between the second-order updating formulas which result from Newton's method on the primal problem and Newton's method on the dual problem.
Schools for Democracy: Labor Union Participation and Latino Immigrant Parents’ School-Based Civic Engagement

Scholars have long argued that civic organizations play a vital role in developing members’ civic capacity. Yet few empirical studies examine how and the extent to which civic skills transfer across distinct and separate civic contexts. Focusing on Latino immigrant members of a Los Angeles janitors’ labor union, this article fills a void by investigating union members’ involvement in an independent civic arena—their children’s schools. Analyses of random sample survey and semi-structured interview data demonstrate that labor union experience does not simply lead to more civic engagement, as previous research might suggest. Rather, conceptual distinctions must be made between active and inactive union members and between different types of civic engagement. Results show that active union members are not particularly involved in plug-in types of involvement, which are typically defined and dictated by school personnel. Instead, active union members tend to become involved in critical forms of engagement tha...
CHEMICAL AND HISTOCHEMICAL EVALUATION OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF CATECHOLAMINES IN THE RABBIT AND GUINEA PIG HEARTS.

Chemical determinations of nor adrenaline (NA), adrenaline (A), and dopamine (DA) were made in the right and left atria and ventricles (RA, LA RV. LV) of rabbit and guinea pig hearts. The concentration of these amines was also studied in the sino-auricular (SA) node of the rabbit. Some of these tissues were also examined for the distribution of catecholamines using a histochemical fluorescence technique. NA was the predominant catecholamine present in atria and ventricles. It was more concentrated in the RA than LA and in the RV than in the LV of the rabbit and guinea pig. In the latter KA was distinctly higher in the atria than in the ventricles. By contrast A was more concentrated in ventricles than in atria of both species and accounted for about 5–10 per cent of the total catecholamine content. DA was found pre-dominantely in the atria, more in RA than in LA. High concentrations of DA were found in the SA node region. Histochemical studies on rabbit tissues showed that the catecholamines were found within nerve structures. A high density of fluorescent fibers and fiber bundless was found in the SA node region. An excellent correlation between the histochemical and chemical findings was obtained when both NA and DA were considered.
Right zero unions of N-semigroups

=1 commutative semigroup is called archimedean if every element divides a positive integer power of each other element. An N-semigroup is one of four possible types of archimedean semigroups. Chrislock [l] extends the notion of archjmedeanness to noncommutative semigroups. An N*-semigroup is a noncommutative archimedean semigroup that can be thought of as a generalization of an N-semigroup. A basic reference on N-semigroups is [5]. Let F = {S a : u E R} be a disjoint family of semigroups. F has a right zero union, if there exists a semigroup T that is a disjoint union of the S, , where each S, is a left ideal of T. Thus, T is homomorphic onto the right zero semigroup R by mapping each S, to 01. It will be shown that an N*-semigroup is a right zero union of N-semigroups and conversely. Section 2 can be thought of as preliminary material. Section 3 examines right zero unions of N-semigroups. It will be shown in that section that a right zero union of N-semigroups is isomorphic to a subdirect product of an ,V-semigroup and a right zero semigroup. Conversely, any such subdirect product is a right zero union of N-semigroups. Section 4 proves, biter alia, the equivalence of the two concepts N*-semigroups and right zero unions of N-semigroups. An N-semigroup has a representation involving an abelian group G and a function I defined on G x G. Similarly, an N*-semigroup has a representation with an abelian right group H (if H = G x R then G is abelian) and an I* function defined on H x H. Section 4 will examine I* functions, and will conclude with a method for constructing them. Omitted proofs can be found in [4]. A g eneral reference to semigroup theory is [3]. The study of right zero unions is a special case of the study of “bands of semigroups.”
Approaches to the prevention and management of radiation colitis

Radiation colitis refers to the characteristic changes in the mucosa of the colon and rectum secondary to pelvic radiation. Based on the interval from radiation to mucosal changes or symptoms, there are two well-defined forms of radiation colitis: acute, manifested by mucosal sloughing causing diarrhea, mucus discharge, and tenesmus; and chronic, characterized by obstructed defecation or ischemia of the mucosa due to obliterative endarteritis and resulting in mucosal telangiectasias, mucosal pallor, and friability causing rectal bleeding. Up to 25% of all patients receiving pelvic radiation develop mild symptoms, and 2% to 3% develop moderate to severe symptoms. Radiation colitis can be difficult to treat in some patients. There are several options for treating its symptoms. Argon plasma coagulation is the most common method of treating telangiectasias. Topical formaldehyde has also been used for distal telangiectasias. Obstructed defecation caused by radiation strictures (which are very fibrotic) usually can be treated successfully with stool softeners, colonic dilation, or steroid injection. Surgery should be avoided if possible because of its technical difficulty and the high incidence of postoperative complications such as anastomotic leak and fistula formation. New advances in radiation delivery techniques (eg, intensity-modulated radiation therapy) using specialized computer algorithms and medications such as amifostine may decrease the incidence of radiation colitis.
NEREUS: engineering concept for an underwater mass spectrometer

NEREUS (novel, efficient, rapid evaluation of underwater spectra) is a self-contained underwater mass-spectrometer system capable of continuous measurements of gases and vapors dissolved in the water column. Rapid in-situ measurement minimizes or eliminates artefacts that are often a problem when collecting and storing samples for analysis of volatile constituents, and provides higher spatial and temporal resolution of chemical patterns than is possible with conventional techniques. NEREUS is designed to operate either independently on a mooring or winch line, or aboard an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV), such as the Sea Grant Odyssey class submersible. Underwater mass spectrometers such as NEREUS have many important applications to practical problems, such as pollution monitoring, as well as to fundamental Earth systems research.
Noise and dislocation formation in atomistic friction simulations

We use large-scale atomistic simulations to study the work-hardening process that occurs when two metals slide against one another. Dislocations form at the interface between the work pieces and then migrate into the bulk. We examine the relationship between the velocity noise signature at the atomistic level and the number of dislocations present. We compare these signatures to those observed in a system of a single particle dragged through a lattice, where local melting can occur.
Rainfall Timing and Ammonia Loss from Urea in a Loblolly Pine Plantation

Surface application of urea to pine forests may lead to ammonia (NH 3 ) loss. It is generally believed that rainfall received soon after urea application will wash the urea and its hydrolysis products into the soil and stop NH 3 loss, but quantitative data are lacking, especially for the forest environment. The objective of this study was to quantify the effect of rainfall on loss of NH 3 when received at different times following urea application. Four field studies were performed in a mid-rotation loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantation, where NH 3 volatilization chambers were fertilized with 200 kg ha -1 N and NH 3 losses were measured for either 29 or 58 d. In a complementary lab study, both NH 3 loss and movement of fertilizer N into the soil were measured following simulated rain. Loss of NH 3 from urea was either increased or not affected by simulated rainfall applied after the urea granules were dissolved by dew. Increased NH 3 loss due to simulated rainfall was attributed to inefficient downward leaching of urea and increased water content, which is known to increase the rate of urea hydrolysis. In contrast, simulated rainfall applied immediately after urea application reduced NH 3 losses to <1% of the applied urea. Our results show that unless rain occurs before urea is dissolved by morning dew, it may not be effective at leaching urea into the soil and reducing NH 3 losses. Further research should be conducted to elucidate the mechanism of urea retention by the O horizon in pine forests.
Turbo STIR magnetic resonance imaging as a whole-body screening tool for metastases in patients with breast carcinoma: preliminary clinical experience.

This study was undertaken to assess the utility of whole-body turbo short tau inversion recovery (STIR) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to detect metastases to liver, brain, and bone as a single examination in women with breast cancer. Seventeen patients with biopsy-proven breast cancer and suspected metastatic disease attending over a 12-month period referred for both conventional imaging and whole-body MRI were included in the study. Three patients were found to be free of metastases at both conventional and MR imaging. Appendicular or axial skeletal metastases were identified in 11 of 17 patients, with correlation between findings at whole-body MRI and scintigraphy in 15 of the 17 patients. Five patients had evidence of hepatic metastases on whole-body MRI, of which metastases were identified in only three patients at CT despite contrast enhancement. Four patients had brain abnormalities (metastases in three patients, meningioma in one patient) detected on both whole-body and dedicated brain MRI. Preliminary clinical experience suggests that turbo STIR whole-body MRI may represent a convenient and cost-effective method of total body screening for metastases in patients with breast carcinoma. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2000;11:343–350. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Atrial fibrillation in heart failure: catheter and surgical interventional therapies

Atrial fibrillation and heart failure commonly coexist in the same patient. Each may adversely affect the other. Atrial fibrillation leads to heart failure exacerbation, left ventricular function deterioration and an increase in thrombo-embolic risk. Therapeutic options targeting atrial fibrillation in heart failure patients include pharmacological and non-pharmacological means. Pharmacological therapy is directed at either rate control using nodal blocking agents or rhythm control using anti-arrhythmic agents, of which the options are limited in patients with heart failure. The landmark AF–CHF trial did not show any benefit of rhythm control strategy as opposed to rate control in patients with heart failure and atrial fibrillation. However, patients in this trial as well as in others used mostly amiodarone for rhythm control. This might have negated any positive effects of achieving normal sinus rhythm. Non-pharmacological therapy both for rate and rhythm control is appealing. This includes AV node ablation for rate control, catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation and surgical therapy of atrial fibrillation. This review will address non-pharmacologic treatment of AF in heart failure patients.
Growth of GaS on GaAs(100)-(4×2) with the single-source precursor [(tBu)GaS]4

Abstract The growth of a GaS film on the GaAs(100)-(4×2) surface, using [(tBu)GaS]4, has been studied in ultra-high vacuum using high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (HREELS), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), low-energy electron diffraction (LEED), and temperature-programmed desorption (TPD). Upon the adsorption of a monolayer of GaS, we observed the formation of a (2×1) superstructure, as evidenced by LEED. For multilayer growth at 650 K, a (1×1) LEED pattern was observed. For submonolayer coverages of the precursor adsorbed at 100 K, thermally induced β-hydrogen elimination of the tert-butyl ligands was observed at 650 K, as evidenced by concurrent desorption of isobutene and molecular hydrogen. An amorphous GaS film is formed after multilayer adsorption of [(tBu)GaS]4 at 100 K, followed by annealing to 650 K. However, isobutane, isobutene, and molecular hydrogen desorption is seen from such a surface, suggesting an additional tert-butyl ligand removal pathway. Finally, layer-by-layer growth of a GaS film was achieved by a cyclic process of monolayer adsorption of [(tBu)GaS]4 at 200 K, followed by annealing to 700 K.
Palliative and end-of-life care in cystic fibrosis: what we know and what we need to know.

Purpose of review This review will examine what is now known about palliative and end-of-life care for cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, including the changing demographics and context of such care, and then outline a brief research agenda to guide further work in this area. Recent findings We have now entered an era of more invasive end-of-life care in CF, due in part to changes in the demographics of death in CF and in part to the wider pursuit of lung transplantation. Recent single-center studies suggest that lung transplant listing changes the location and intensity of end-of-life care and complicates end-of-life care decision-making for the patient, family, and clinician. Further studies have demonstrated a high burden of daily symptoms in CF, especially pain and depression. In addition, there is evidence of an increasing burden related to the expanding daily treatment regimen for CF. Summary The time has come for national, multicenter studies of palliative and end-of-life care practices in CF, followed by systematic evaluation of the efficacy of existing interventions. Studies of the symptoms and treatment burdens in CF should continue with an emphasis on interventions to improve health-related quality of life throughout the lifespan of children and adults with CF.
Evaluation of Trap Crop Procedures for Control of Mexican Bean Beetle in Soybeans and Lima Beans

Border rows of snap beans planted prior to soybeans functioned to attract and hold emerging over wintering adult Epilachna varivestis Mulsant. Destruction of the trap crop generation of Mexican bean beetles resulted in protection of the adjacent soybean fields. Beetles were destroyed in the trap crop by disking, spray application of carbaryl, or release of Pediobius foveolatus (Crawford). Trap crops planted prior to lima beans failed to attract and hold the beetle. A 0.4-hectare trap crop will cost ca. $184.00 based on 1976 costs.
Effect of the first window of ischemic preconditioning on mitochondrial dysfunction following global cerebral ischemia

Abstract Rats may develop sustained tolerance against lethal cerebral ischemia after exposure to a sublethal ischemic insult (ischemic preconditioning (IPC)). Two windows for the induction of tolerance by IPC have been proposed, one that occurs within 1 h following IPC, and the other one that occurs 1–3 days after IPC. An important difference between these two windows is that in contrast to the second window, neuroprotection against lethal ischemia is transient in the first window. We tested the hypothesis that rapid IPC would reduce or prevent ischemia-induced changes in mitochondrial function. IPC and ischemia were produced by bilateral carotid occlusions and systemic hypotension (50 mmHg) for 2 and 10 min, respectively. The non-synaptosomal mitochondria were harvested 30 min following the 10 min ‘test’ ischemia. Mitochondrial rate of respiration decreased by 10% when the substrates were pyruvate and malate, and 29% when the substrates were ascorbic acid and N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine (P
An Investigation on the Gas-solid Interactions in Periodically Excited Plane Mixing Layer by Using Vortex-in-Cell

Abstract The gas-solid interactions in a periodically excited plane mixing layer were investigated by vortex-in-cell technique. Transverse periodic forcing was posed on the initial location of plane mixing layer. Under the transverse periodic forcing, well organized spanwise Kelvin-Helmholtz rolls were formed. Not only the flow properties but the characteristics of particle dispersion and statistical properties of flow are detailed studied. In this study, Stoke number which bases on forcing frequency is chosen to be order one. Present results show that: solid particles always are impelled to the boundaries of vortex structures by centrifugal force, even though they ever temporally exist in the interior of vortex structures during pairing process; furthermore, the existence of solid particles in flow could enhance the forcing effects that make vortices evolve in flow field with more coherence in space and time; thus, negative turbulent production, which often appears in the highly excited plane mixing layer, could be observed in the present simulation at low forcing level and with solid particles.
Purification of calpain II from rat lens and determination of endogenous substrates.

Abstract Calpain II ( EC 3.4.22.17), a calcium-dependent neutral protease, was purified approximately 7000-fold from the soluble fraction of rat lens. The estimated molecular weight of rat lens calpain II was 120 000, and the enzyme was composed of 80 000 and 28 000 MW subunits. Calpain II required 400 μ m calcium, a reducing agent, and pH = 7·5 for maximal activity. The enzyme could not be activated by magnesium, and was inhibited by leupeptin and iodoacetate, but not by phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride. Purified calpain II degraded rat α-, β H -, and β L -crystallins, insoluble proteins, and intrinsic membrane proteins. γ-Crystallin was not degraded. The proteolysis caused by purified calpain II was similar to proteolysis occurring during the formation of several experimental cataracts in rodents; this suggested that the enzyme may play a role in cataract formation.