cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Temperature Dependence of the Johari–Goldstein Relaxation in Poly(methyl methacrylate) and Poly(thiomethyl methacrylate)

To analyze the Johari–Goldstein (JG) secondary process, dielectric relaxation measurements were carried out on poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and poly(thiomethyl methacrylate) (PTMA). The latter has a sulfur atom replacing the oxygen in the ester of PMMA, making the pendant group much less polar. This weakens the intensity of the secondary relaxation, enabling facile resolution of the JG and primary structural relaxation peaks. We find that the JG relaxation time of PTMA has a substantially larger activation energy (factor of 2) in the liquid compared to the glassy state. Although deconvolution of the peaks in PMMA is more ambiguous due to the large dielectric strength of its JG relaxation, applying the same analysis leads to a very similar result. In light of previous results, we conclude very generally from their temperature-dependence that JG secondary motions sense the glass transition, consistent with their role as precursor to structural relaxation.
Large-Area Bernal-Stacked Bi-, Tri-, and Tetralayer Graphene

Few-layer graphene, with Bernal stacking order, is of particular interest to the graphene community because of its unique tunable electronic structure. A synthetic method to produce such large area graphene films with precise thickness from 2 to 4 layers would be ideal for chemists and physicists to explore the promising electronic applications of these materials. Here, large-area uniform Bernal-stacked bi-, tri-, and tetralayer graphene films were successfully synthesized on a Cu surface in selective growth windows, with a finely tuned total pressure and CH4/H2 gas ratio. On the basis of the analyses obtained, the growth mechanism is not an independent homoexpitaxial layer-by-layer growth, but most likely a simultaneous-seeding and self-limiting process.
Numerical Simulation of Flow Separation Control Using Plasma-based Actuators

A simplified model for the plasma actuator is presented.The control effect of the plasma actuator on the flow over a NACA0015 airfoil is studied.Activation of the plasma actuator is found to delay flow separation and therefore stall of the airfoil at high angles of attack.The effectiveness of the actuator is found to be strongly dependent on the placement and intensity of the actuator on the airfoil.The most effective location is near the leading edge of the airfoil and the control effect depends strongly on the plasma intensity.
Analysis on Chinese Architecture Nationalization

As a synthesis knowledge,Architecture must take "mankind’s needs" as its base of design,whether "nationalization" or "internationalization".The difference between what is called "nationalization" and "internationalization" is just the contrast on form and concept.Above all the development of Chinese architecture gain no need of restriction in form.Nationalization designs which come from local lives will indeed be the Chinese modern architecture.
External Funding and Competing Visions for Academic Counseling Psychology

The major contributions by Burrow-Sanchez, Martin, and Imel and Martens et al. are the first explicitly substantive, constructive statements about extramural funding and counseling psychology to appear in The Counseling Psychologist. For over 15 years, many have recognized the importance of extramural funding to the continued presence of counseling psychology training programs in research-intensive universities. In this reaction piece, I discuss several issues that may contribute to the lack of funded research appearing in counseling psychology outlets and to the apparent small number of counseling psychology faculty members with external funds. Suggestions for allocating and managing faculty resources and demands to maximally benefit a program and for pursuing current and future funding opportunities are offered.
The Emergency that Never Went Away

Washington State continued to experience rapid and sustained growth even after World War II ended. The Forecasting unit in the Washington State Office of Financial Management houses the group that is the successor to the Washington State Census Board. Its personnel, activities, and statutory basis are described in this chapter along with the effects the Board had on a wide range of state government activities.
Simple algorithms and guarantees for low rank matrix completion over F 2

Let X* be a n 1 × n 2 matrix with entries in F 2 and rank r 1 , n 2 ) (often r ≪ min(n 1 , n 2 )). We consider the problem of reconstructing X* given only a subset of its entries. This problem has recently found numerous applications, most notably in network and index coding, where finding optimal linear codes (over some field F q ) can be reduced to finding the minimum rank completion of a matrix with a subset of revealed entries. The problem of matrix completion over reals also has many applications and in recent years several polynomial-time algorithms with provable recovery guarantees have been developed. However, to date, such algorithms do not exist in the finite-field case. We propose a linear algebraic algorithm, based on inferring low-weight relations among the rows and columns of X*, to attempt to complete X* given a random subset of its entries. We establish conditions on the row and column spaces of X* under which the algorithm runs in polynomial time (in the size of X*) and can successfully complete X* with high probability from a vanishing fraction of its entries. We then propose a linear programming-based extension of our basic algorithm, and evaluate it empirically.
Conclusion: Perpetua Remembered

An examination of the evolution of the story of St. Perpetua, in the end, tells us more about ourselves as readers than it does about the third-century woman who was martyred in the arena at Carthage. Similarly, by looking at who retold her story, when, and why, we can gain insight into the variations in how different authors and audiences thought about gender, sanctity, and themselves, between the third and thirteenth centuries.
Del «extractivismo económico» al «extractivismo epistémico» y «extractivismo ontológico»: una forma destructiva de conocer, ser y estar en el mundo

espanolEste articulo trata algunos aspectos menos tratados y desarrollados de la teoria del «extractivismo»: el «extractivismo epistemologico» y el «extractivismo ontologico». Siguiendo las aportaciones descoloniales de la indigena canadiense Leanne Betasamosake Simpson y de la boliviana Silvia Rivera Cusicanqui, el autor desarrolla una teoria sobre las dimensiones mas desconocidas del «extraccionismo» que el «occidente imperial y neocolonial» ejerce sobre el resto del mundo. En este trabajo se hace tambien una critica a la repeticion de patrones coloniales en ciertas teorias descoloniales en America Latina. portuguesEste artigo trata sobre alguns aspectos pouco trabalhados e pouco desenvolvidos do «extrativismo»: o «extrativismo epistemologico» e o «extrativismo ontologico». Seguindo as contribuicoes decoloniais da indigena canadense Leanne Betasamosake Simpson e da boliviana Silvia Rivera Cusicanqui, o autor desenvolve uma teoria das dimensoes mais desconhecidas do «extrativismo» que o «ocidente imperial e neocolonial» exerce sobre o resto do mundo. Neste trabalho, questiona-se a repeticao de padroes coloniais em determinadas teorias decoloniais na America Latina. EnglishThis paper addresses some of the least developed and dealt with matters in the theory of “extractivism”, namely, “epistemological extractivism” and “ontological extractivism”. Following the decolonial contributions by Canadian indigenous Leanne Betasamosake Simpson and Bolivian Silvia Rivera Cusicanqui, the author develops a theory on the most unknown dimensions of “extractionism” that “neocolonial imperial West” exerts on the rest of the world. Additionally, this work does some criticism to the recurrence of colonial patterns in certain decolonial theories across Latin America.
Reference pricing may have limited use but is not a blanket solution for laboratory testing.

Rising healthcare costs are a continuing concern. Insurers and employers have responded with several different strategies to contain costs. One strategy has been to shift costs to patients through higher deductibles or copayments. While these strategies reduce costs, they can also influence a patient’s decision whether to obtain care at all. Reference pricing is an alternative strategy that is designed to influence where a patient seeks care rather than whether they seek care.
Preferred parental method of post-operative tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy follow-up (phone call vs. clinic visit).

Abstract Introduction Tonsillectomy is the second most common procedure performed in the United States. Over 530,000 tonsillectomies are performed on children under 15 years of age in the United States, accounting for 16% of surgeries in this age group, resulting in missed school for patients of school-age and also resulting in missed work for caregivers. This study compared parent preferences for in-clinic follow-up (CFU) to telephone interview follow-up (TFU) after tonsillectomy. Materials and methods One hundred twenty-one parents of children who underwent a tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy were recruited to complete a survey about their child's post-operative visit. Results Statistical analyses were performed using t -test, Wilcoxon rank-sum, and Fischer's exact tests where appropriate. 60.3% of the surveys were completed as a TFU and the remainder were completed as a CFU. There were no statistical differences in the children's age, the time to follow-up, satisfaction with their follow-up, or the frequency of unresolved symptoms. Of parents receiving TFU, 91.8% disagreed they would have preferred a CFU, with 86.3% strongly disagreeing, and only 5.5% expressing that they would have preferred a CFU. Of the parents with CFU, 47.9% expressed a preference for a TFU. For CFU, 43.9% of parents missed work and 58.1% of their school-age children missed school. Conclusion Our study results indicate that parents receiving phone follow-up strongly preferred this method to an in-clinic follow-up, and that nearly half of all parents receiving in-clinic follow-up would have preferred a telephone follow-up. In select patients, telephone follow-up after tonsillectomy may increase patient satisfaction and decrease days of missed work and school.
TEMPERATURE SENSITIVITY IN HUMAN AND NON-HUMAN PRIMATES

ABSTRACT Comparisons are made between measurements of the detectability of warm and cool stimuli, applied to the palm of humans and monkeys, as functions of the temperature to which the skin of their palms was adapted. Comparisons between warm and cool stimuli and the area of the stimulator surface are also made. The similarity of the functions across species suggests that the monkey may serve as an adequate model for the human thermosensing system.
SDR based indoor localization using ambient WiFi and GSM signals

In this paper, experimental results with software defined radios (SDRs) for capturing and localizing WiFi and GSM users are developed. First, a detailed overview on various SDR equipment and software, such as embedded and networked USRPs, WiFi Pineapple, GNU Radio, OpenBTS, and Wireshark is presented. Sufficient details are provided on how to configure and operate the SDR equipment and the associated software. Measurement data is then collected from both WiFi and GSM signals, and least squares localization techniques are used for finding the target device's location. The obtained indoor localization accuracies are shown to be reasonable, considering that off-the-shelf equipment has been used with passive sniffing of a target user's signal strength.
From Engrams to Pathologies of the Brain.

Memories are the experiential threads that tie our past to the present. The biological realization of a memory is termed an engram—the enduring biochemical and physiological processes that enable learning and retrieval. The past decade has witnessed an explosion of engram research that suggests we are closing in on boundary conditions for what qualifies as the physical manifestation of memory. In this review, we provide a brief history of engram research, followed by an overview of the many rodent models available to probe memory with intersectional strategies that have yielded unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution over defined sets of cells. We then discuss the limitations and controversies surrounding engram research and subsequently attempt to reconcile many of these views both with data and by proposing a conceptual shift in the strategies utilized to study memory. We finally bridge this literature with human memory research and disorders of the brain and end by providing an experimental blueprint for future engram studies in mammals. Collectively, we believe that we are in an era of neuroscience where engram research has transitioned from ephemeral and philosophical concepts to provisional, tractable, experimental frameworks for studying the cellular, circuit, and behavioral manifestations of memory.
Management of Herpes in Pregnancy

Herpes virus causes painful vesicles with HSV-1 primarily causing oral lesions and HSV-2 causing genital lesions on the vagina, vulva, or cervix. Diagnosis is made either by viral culture or nucleic acid detection. Primary outbreaks are associated with much higher rates of neonatal HSV infection than recurrent outbreaks. If there are any active lesions or prodromal symptoms present during labor, delivery should be performed by cesarean section [1].
Sin, Skin, and Seed: Mistakes of Men in the Book of Mormon

Common understandings of the Book of Mormon in communities of the Latter-day Saint restoration face a fundamental challenge from emerging biogenetic research. Mormon folklore about skin color, patriarchal seed, and Native American origins naturalizes the power and authority of white men; yet, it is undermined by twentieth century discoveries in the biological sciences. Is the Book of Mormon’s assumption that skin color reflects sinfulness consistent with biogenetic understandings of human physical variation? Are Biblical and Book of Mormon images of a patriarchal seed transmitted from fathers to sons consistent with modern understandings of biogenetic procreation? Is an Israelite heritage of Nephites and Lamanites reflected in the genes and biology of American Indians? No, skin color does not reflect sin. A mother’s contribution of half her children’s chromosomes is not accurately represented in scriptural models of human procreation as akin to seminal seeds planted in nurturing soil. DNA research into Native American origins points to a Northeast Asian rather than a Middle Eastern ancestry. Each of these common assumptions reflects common 19th century concepts that should now be relegated to the status of “mistakes of men.”
La síntesis y su trascendencia: Sergio Pitol, la escritura autobiográfica y el fin del occidentalismo

El arte de la fuga (1996) by Sergio Pitol (Mexico 1933) radicalizes autobiographical writing published in Mexico during the 20th century, especially after the works of Jose Vasconcelos and his Ulises criollo (1935). Subverting the theoretical panorama of what is known as “world literature” in the context of modernity and postcolonial studies, El arte de la fuga elevates what in Mexico had been understood until then as strictly its Western heritage to the category of universal. Alfonso Reyes’ Latin Americanism is taken here to a new extreme: Pitol travels, translates, admires, judges, gets lost, attacks, makes himself heard, understands, communicates poorly, and in his journey of over 20 years, his criollo condition vanishes as well as that of his interlocutors. Pitol’s synthesis of Western culture transcends the sum of its parts. Everything becomes an other emanating from this peculiar Mexican outlook on the West.
EVALUATION OF QUASI-LINEAR TECHNIQUES FOR NONLINEAR PROCESSES WITH RANDOM INPUTS

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the evaluation of quasi-linear techniques for nonlinear processes with random inputs. It describes several approaches are mentioned for modeling of nonlinear processes with either deterministic or stochastic inputs. Quasilinear modeling techniques have been popular especially for systems with random inputs because of their simplicity in obtaining closed form solutions. These techniques require that the probability density functions for the system variables either be known or assumed. The chapter presents a model for a nonlinear process that is representative of a guideway profile with constrained irregularities. It also highlights relative merits of two quasilinear techniques in approximating the nonlinearity.
Qualitative exploration of intrinsic and extrinsic factors that influence acceptability of semisoft vaginal suppositories

Vaginal microbicides are a promising means to prevent the transmission of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections, by empowering women to initiate use prophylactically when they perceive themselves to be at risk. However, in clinical trials, microbicides have shown mixed results, with the consistent finding that effectiveness varies substantially as a function of user adherence. Based on the assumption that adherence is driven, at least in part, by product properties that influence acceptability, we used softgel technology to develop vaginal drug delivery systems in the intermediate texture space between solids and liquids to overcome potential shortcomings of current dosage forms. Here, we used focus groups and surveys to determine women’s initial reactions (i.e., acceptance and willingness-to-try) for semisoft vaginal suppositories intended for HIV and STI prevention, with a specific focus on how perception of and preferences for vaginal suppositories may be influenced by product characteristics such as size, shape, and firmness. Via focus groups, we identified intrinsic and extrinsic factors relevant to acceptability of semisoft suppository prototypes. Willingness-to-try depended on factors like intended functionality, anticipated leakage, type of sex, recommended frequency of use, type of sexual partner, and perceived risk. When handled ex vivo, shape, size, and firmness of suppositories communicated information about ease of imagined insertion and handling, perceived effectiveness, anticipated awareness and comfort of the product in the body. These impressions were partly based on prior experience with vaginal products. Sensory attributes appear to play a substantial role in women’s preferences and willingness to try the semisoft suppositories. Using these methods during preclinical development should help efficiently optimize a final product that is both biologically efficacious and preferred by women, toward a goal of enhancing adherence and effectiveness.
Cast of the Right Bronchial Tree

Cast of the Right Bronchial Tree A 36-year-old man was admitted to the intensive care unit with an acute exacerbation of chronic heart failure. After a ventricular assist device was placed and anticoagulation therapy initiated, hemoptysis developed, and he expectorated a cast of the right bronchial tree.
A Meta-analysis of the Literature on the Association of the Social and Built Environment With Obesity: Identifying Factors in Need of More In-Depth Research:

Objective:This study aims to identify groups of the social and built environment factors that have been studied substantially along with factors that need further attention, to guide the research, ...
The relationship between national identity and European Union evaluations, 1993–2017:

We examine two aspects of the connection between individuals’ national identities and their European Union evaluations. First, we examine the changing relationship from 1993–2017, thus paying atten...
Perceptions of Weight-Conscious Drinking and the Role of Mental Health: A Mixed-Methods Approach

ABSTRACTBackground: Limited research exists on mental health correlates of behaviors of weight-conscious drinking (BWCD) and students’ perceptions of how BWCD should be addressed. Purpose: The objectives were to (1) examine BWCD and different aspects of mental health and (2) gain insight into students’ perceptions of such behaviors and potential strategies to address them. Methods: Four-hundred-twelve students completed a survey consisting of validated measures for: BWCD, eating disorders, exercise addiction, alcohol use, and psychological distress. Eight focus groups explored students’ understanding of BWCD, its presence on campus, and potential intervention strategies. Results: Majority (62%) of participants indicated they engaged in at least one behavior associated with BWCD “very often” or “all the time.” Hierarchical linear regression analysis indicated that disordered eating and exercise addiction were significant predictors of BWCD. Focus groups indicated participants struggled with awareness and a...
Mild macrocytosis in Williams-Beuren syndrome.

Abstract Objective To evaluate the occurrence and estimate the frequency of macrocytosis in Williams-Beuren syndrome (WBS). Study design Complete blood count (CBC) data from 179 subjects with WBS aged 1-69 were collected, with common parameters assessed for trends. Z-transformed mean corpuscular volume (MCV) was compared with each laboratory's reference range as well as with control data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013-2014 data archives. Results Just over a third (35%) subjects had at least one recorded incidence of macrocytosis. In comparisons of CBC parameters with an expected population mean, MCV and MCH were greater than, while Hct and RDW were lower than, expected values. The distribution of erythrocyte MCV is shifted to the right in WBS compared to controls, as was the mean value. Despite this, anemia was absent, except in a single medically complex WBS subject. Though there was a paucity of data available of variables that could potentially cause an elevated MCV, no obvious etiology could be elucidated. Conclusions Mild macrocytosis without anemia affects a moderate subset of WBS patients, leading to a rightward shift in the MCV distribution curve. Providers encountering isolated mild macrocytosis in WBS can consider observation over further workup.
Necrotizing fasciitis of the face and neck following a dental procedure

Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is a severe, life-threatening infection of the soft tissue, characterized by the rapid progression of necrosis in the superficial fascia and subcutaneous tissue. The involvement of the face is a rare scenario. The patient being described underwent root canal procedure for the right upper premolar following which she developed NF involving the face and neck. She underwent extensive debridement of necrotic tissue and was discharged in stable condition.
Multiline Orthogonal Scanning Temporal Focusing (mosTF) microscopy for reducing scattering in high-speed in vivo brain imaging

Temporal focusing microscopy is used for in vivo brain imaging but influenced by tissue scattering. We developed Multiline Orthogonal Scanning Temporal Focusing microscopy that reduces scattering by reassignment of scattered emission photons.
Non-respiratory complaints are main reasons for disturbed sleep post lung transplant.

Abstract Background Poor sleep is prevalent in lung transplant recipients and affects quality of life negatively. To improve quality of sleep, it's important to identify the causes of poor sleep. We conducted a survey to identify the reasons for poor sleep quality in the recipients. Methods We surveyed lung transplant recipients (2003–2010) at Baylor College of Medicine/The Methodist Hospital lung transplant center. We used a compilation of questionnaires, including the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Berlin Questionnaire, Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and Short Form 36 (SF36). Descriptive analysis was performed on the responses. Results Of the 167 participants, 54 responded (32.3%) with mean age 60.6 years (SD 9.8), 48% male, and a mean post-transplant body mass index (BMI) of 27 (SD 4.7). The responders reported a long mean sleep latency of 33.2 min (SD 32.5), poor sleep quality (74% with PSQI score > 5), excessive daytime sleepiness (ESS > 9 in 29%), poor physical QOL with SF36 mean score of 41.3 (SD 9.4), and high risk for OSA (48.2%). About 30% and 72% reported sleep initiation and maintenance insomnia, respectively. The poor sleep quality was due to “getup to go to bathroom” (85%), “cough or snore loudly” (33%), “have pain” (27.8%), and “feel too cold” (27.8%). Furthermore, 5% reported “Can't breathe comfortably” as reason for poor sleep. Conclusions The recipients reported poor sleep and quality of life. The non-respiratory complaints were important factors for poor sleep. Attention to these factors may help to outline better management strategies to improve sleep in lung transplant recipients.
Unlocking multiphysics design guidelines on Si/C composite nanostructures for high-energy-density and robust lithium-ion battery anode

Abstract In general, current material fabrication guidance for novel designs of Si/C composite particle materials focuses on electrochemical behavior and redox reactions at the nano/micro level. However, such guidance cannot provide detailed information for predicting mechanical deformations of the composite particles, especially when the mechanical field coupled with electrochemical and thermal fields. Here, we establish an electro-chemo-mechanical model and implement it to quantitatively analyze the multiphysics behavior of five representative Si/C composite nanostructures. Modeling and computation discover that yolk-shell and dual-shell structures are more robust in terms of particle fractures. When considering electrochemical performance, the yolk-shell structure is the best among the compared five Si/C composites. Finally, we map design guidance to further illustrate quantitative structure-property relationships. This study provides novel insights on Si/C composite nanostructure anode material design and additional powerful design tools for next-generation high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries.
Hawks, Doves, and mongooses.

In 1795, philosopher Immanuel Kant proposed rules to promote perpetual peace among nations (1). He first required that all nations be republics, because when “the consent of the subjects is required to determine whether there shall be war or not, nothing is more natural than that they should weigh the matter well, before undertaking such a bad business” ref. 1, p. 122. In contrast, a despotic ruler “does not lose a whit by the war, while he goes on enjoying the delights of his table or sport, or of his pleasure palaces and gala days. He can therefore decide on war for the most trifling reasons, as if it were a kind of pleasure party” ref. 1, p. 123. In a PNAS paper that marries evolutionary game theory with tests of data from a long-term study of banded mongooses (Fig. 1), Johnstone et al. (2) confirm Kant’s insight that destructive intergroup fighting becomes more likely when leaders have more to gain, or less to lose, from fighting than do their followers. Fig. 1. Banded mongooses from the study population at Queen Elizabeth Park, Uganda. The adult is wearing a radio collar. Image credit: Becky Sun (photographer). For this study, Johnstone et al. (2) adapt the classic Hawk−Dove model for intergroup contests, examining the range of conditions favoring aggressive (“Hawk”) and peaceful (“Dove”) strategies. The Hawk−Dove model has yielded numerous insights into the evolution of animal conflict since Maynard Smith and Price’s 1973 paper (3), which sought to explain why animal contests are frequently less destructive than we might expect: snakes wrestle with rivals, rather than using their fangs, and stags lock antlers rather than stabbing with their prongs. They found that a peaceful mutant … [↵][1]1Email: wilso198{at}umn.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Retrospective development of a novel resilience indicator using existing cohort data: The adolescent to adult health resilience instrument.

Background Cohort studies represent rich sources of data that can be used to link components of resilience to a variety of health-related outcomes. The Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) cohort study represents one of the largest data sets of the health and social context of adolescents transitioning into adulthood. It did not however use validated resilience scales in its data collection process. This study aimed to retrospectively create and validate a resilience indicator using existing data from the cohort to better understand the resilience of its participants. Methods Questions asked of participants during one Add Health data collection time period (N = 15,701) were matched to items on a well-known and widely validated resilience scale called the Connor Davidson Resilience Scale. Factor analysis and psychometric analyses were used to refine and validate this novel Adolescent to Adult Health Resilience Instrument. Construct validity utilized participants’ answers to the 10 item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, which has been used to validate other resilience scales. Results Factor analysis yielded an instrument with 13 items that showed appropriate internal consistency statistics. Resilience scores in our study were normally distributed with no ceiling or floor effects. Our instrument had appropriate construct validity, negatively correlating to answers on the depression scale (r = -0.64, p<0.001). We also found demographic differences in mean resilience scores: lower resilience scores were seen among women and those who reported lower levels of education and household income. Conclusions It is possible to retrospectively construct a resilience indicator from existing cohort data and achieve good psychometric properties. The Adolescent to Adult Health Resilience Instrument can be used to better understand the relationship between resilience, social determinants of health and health outcomes among young adults using existing data, much of which is publicly available.
Prospective Evaluation of Swallowing Symptoms in Human Papillomavirus-Associated Oropharynx Cancer.

To demonstrate that the lack of significant swallowing-related symptoms in patients with human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma is attributable to smaller mucosal primaries. A validated dysphagia symptom questionnaire and eating assessment tool was prospectively provided to patients presenting with untreated human papillomavirus-associated oropharyngeal cancer at the University of Maryland from July 2017 to December 2018. A 10-item Eating Assessment Tool (EAT-10) was completed by each patient prior to intervention. All EAT-10 data were collected prospectively. Patient demographic and oncologic characteristics were also obtained. Seventy consecutive patients were enrolled and included in the study. This study cohort included 66 (94%) male patients. Sixty (86%) of patients were Caucasian. The mean EAT-10 score was 3.77 (95% CI 2.04, 5.50). Fifty-two (74.3%) patients presented with normal swallowing (EAT-10 scores less than 3). Spearman correlation indicated there was a significant positive association between tumor size and EAT-10 score (r(68) = 0.429, p < 0.005), with larger tumors associated with increased swallowing-related symptoms. The majority of patients presenting with HPV-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma do not report any swallowing difficulties. Dysphagia-related symptoms are associated with large size tumors when they do occur.
Longitudinal and Circumferential Distributions of Dysplasia and Early Neoplasia in Barrett's Esophagus: A Pooled Analysis of Three Prospective Studies.

INTRODUCTION Studies have shown that dysplasia in Barrett's esophagus (BE) has a predilection for the right hemisphere. There is limited information on the longitudinal distribution. The aim was to determine both the longitudinal and circumferential distributions of dysplasia and early neoplasia from 3 prospective studies. METHODS This is a pooled analysis from 3 prospective studies of patients with treatment-naive BE. Both circumferential and longitudinal locations (for BE segments greater than 1 cm) of dysplastic and early neoplastic lesions were recorded. RESULTS A total of 177 dysplastic and early neoplastic lesions from 91 patients were included in the pooled analysis; of which 59.3% (n = 105) were seen on high-definition white light endoscopy, 29.4% (n = 52) on advanced imaging, and 11.2% (n = 20) with random biopsies. The average Prague score was C3M5. Of 157 lesions within BE segments greater than 1 cm, 49 (34.8%) lesions were in the proximal half, whereas 92 lesions (65.2%) were in the distal half (P < 0.001). The right hemisphere of the esophagus contained 55% (86/157) of the total lesions compared with 45% (71/157) for the left hemisphere (P = 0.02). This was because of the presence of high-grade dysplasia being concentrated in the right hemisphere compared with the left hemisphere (60% vs 40%, P = 0.002). DISCUSSION In this pooled analysis of prospective studies, both low-grade dysplasia and high-grade dysplasia are more frequently found in the distal half of the Barrett's segment. This study confirms that the right hemisphere is a hot spot for high-grade dysplasia. Careful attention to these locations is important during surveillance endoscopy.
Naming Prison Rape as Disablement: A Critical Analysis of the Prison Litigation Reform Act, the Americans with Disabilities Act, and the Imperatives of Survivor-Oriented Advocacy

This essay re-frames the issue of prison rape as a problem of disablement – that is an institutional and systemic process which has as its consequence the infliction of physical and psychiatric conditions which are or become disabling. The discussion proceeds with a critical consideration of the Prison Litigation Reform Act as a barrier to prison rape litigation, and the failure of the Americans with Disabilities Act to offer a means to remedy the dynamics of disablement in incarceration. The paper concludes with discussion of the limitations and prospects of related areas and developments in law, including the recently proposed National Prison Rape Elimination Commission standards for eliminating sexual violence in U.S. penal systems, and the recently adopted UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities.
Background of the Book

Within the sphere of international development, the move towards developing a more comprehensive approach to child welfare has been gathering pace in recent years. There is increasing global recognition that a more integrated and systems-based approach is required at the national level to prevent and protect children from all forms of violence, abuse, neglect and exploitation.
Applying the Transtheoretical Model to Stuttering Management Among Adolescents: Part II. Exploratory Scale Validation

Purpose This article is the second in a two-part series on the application of the Transtheoretical Model to stuttering management among adolescents. The purpose of this article was to apply and exp...
Pharmacological Modification of Brain Lesion Syndromes

The study of the interaction of drugs with lesions has usually been approached from two points of view, depending upon whether the investigator is primarily interested in where drugs act or in how the effects of lesions can be ameliorated. Site of action studies have been reviewed previously (Glick, 1976, 1977). This chapter will focus on how drugs can be used to understand behavioral syndromes following brain damage and, how, in some cases, recovery of function can be facilitated by drugs. However, before discussing the data, a very brief review of some methodological considerations is in order.
Retention of hourly hotel employees: a look at select hotels in the Southeastern United States.

Abstract The major objective of this study was to explore the reasons behind hourly employee turnover in the hotel industry. Data was collected from 230 hourly employees in ten small and medium-size hotels located in the Southeast U.S. The results empirically confirmed that hourly employees' retention was predicted by self-fulfillment and working conditions rather than monetary rewards. More specifically, employees who were more likely to stay with their current employer: were not interested in finding another job, had a positive experience with their hotel's company policies, were satisfied with their current job, attributed a higher level of importance for paid vacation, had a positive experience with regard to their hotel's humane approach to employees, and did not attribute a high level of importance for having a fun and challenging job.
Drug Abuse Prevention Among Minority Adolescents: Posttest and One-Year Follow-Up of a School-Based Preventive Intervention

Most drug abuse prevention research has been conducted with predominantly White middle-class adolescent populations. The present study tested a school-based drug abuse preventive intervention in a sample of predominantly minority students (N = 3,621) in 29 New York City schools. The prevention program taught drug refusal skills, antidrug norms, personal self-management skills, and general social skills in an effort to provide students with skills and information for resisting drug offers, to decrease motivations to use drugs, and decrease vulnerability to drug use social influences. Results indicated that those who received the program (n = 2,144) reported less smoking, drinking, drunkenness, inhalant use, and polydrug use relative to controls (n = 1,477). The program also had a direct positive effect on several cognitive, attitudinal, and personality variables believed to play a role in adolescent substance use. Mediational analyses showed that prevention effects on some drug use outcomes were mediated in part by risk-taking, behavioral intentions, and peer normative expectations regarding drug use. The findings from this study show that a drug abuse prevention program originally designed for White middle-class adolescent populations is effective in a sample of minority, economically disadvantaged, inner-city adolescents.
Electoral Reform in Utah and the United States: Steps to Representative, Accountable, and Competitive State and Federal Government

In a state and nation in which faith in government is eroding, and politics are dominated by either partisan supermajorities (in Utah) or ideological stalemate (in Congress), there is an increasingly clear need to reform the system at its roots. The adoption of a more competitive, accountable, and representative electoral system would help address the problems which are endemic to our current legislative process. Specifically, three-member districts, in which represen tatives are elected through a modified form of single transferable voting, would best fit the needs of our state and nation. The new voting method would cause both legislatures to more closely represent the electorate, while the relatively small number of seats per district would maintain high levels of accountability and local representation.
A feasibility study of implementing an Ammonia Economy

This thesis reports the results of a feasibility study performed on the concept of an Ammonia Economy, which treats ammonia as an alternative fuel and energy storage mechanism. As part of the Ammonia Economy, costs for production, storage, and transportation of this alternative fuel are also presented. The cost of hydrogen, which is the main feedstock for ammonia production, was first determined for both fossil-fuel and alternative energy sources. Capital costs and operating parameters of an ammonia synthesis plant were then used in an economic model to calculate the cost of ammonia from energy sources that included natural gas, coal, nuclear, ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC), wind, solar, and biomass. The energy use and cost for both hydrogen and ammonia fuels was then compared for fuel storage and transportation. The results showed that the lowest cost ammonia source is coal with a production cost of 147-432 $/t, or a gasoline equivalent of 0.96-2.83 $/gal. Natural gas and OTEC also provided low costs of less than 689 $/t, or a gasoline equivalent of 4.51 $/gal. Other alternative ammonia sources were more expensive, however, they may become economical as fossil fuel costs increase and technological advances improve the alternative fuel technology. The storage analysis of ammonia and hydrogen showed that the ammonia storage system is 93.6% efficient when the ammonia synthesis energy is included in the calculation, which was calculated by dividing the chemical energy stored by the chemical and electrical energy added to the storage vessel. In comparison, hydrogen is only 76.9% efficient. Ammonia also required nearly five times less energy for low temperature storage than hydrogen. In addition, ammonia has a storage cost advantage over hydrogen with an estimated cost for 182 days of storage to be 14.83 $/kg-H2 and 0.51 $/kg-H2, respectively. Comparing the transportation of the two fuels showed that ammonia is more efficient and less expensive than hydrogen to transport in a pipeline. Specifically, the efficiency for transporting the fuel 1,610 km and delivering it at fueling pressure is 93.4% and 86.9% for ammonia and hydrogen, respectively. The ammonia calculation also includes the losses
Measurements of the nonlinearity parameter B of seawater

The application of modern hydroacoustic systems making use of the phenomenon of the nonlinear wave propagation is the object of interest in the sphere of basic scientific research as well as solving construction problems. The problem of particular importance for practical application is the knowledge of nonlinear properties of the medium in which propagate the finite amplitude waves. This is why the research in the sphere of space distribution of the nonlinear parameter of the medium becomes so important. The work contains the description of principal relations which make it possible to delineate the parameter of the nonlinearity of the medium B/A. Apart from that method has been proposed to delineate that parameter on the basis of the results obtained from maritime research. For that purpose a measurement set up has been constructed which makes it possible to obtain the measurement of nonlinearity parameter in situ. Results are also presented of the maritime research in the shape of distribution of the parameter B/A for the region of the Southern Baltic.
Glutamine 170 to tyrosine substitution in yeast mitochondrial F1 beta-subunit increases catalytic site interaction with GDP and IDP and produces negative cooperativity of GTP and ITP hydrolysis.

Glutamine 170 to tyrosine mutation in the beta-subunit from Schizosaccharomyces pombe mitochondrial F1 was found to increase both affinity for ADP, apparent negative cooperativity of ATPase activity, and sensitivity to azide inhibition (Falson, P., Di Pietro, A., Jault, J.-M., Gautheron, D.C., and Boutry, M. (1989) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 975, 119-126). The mutation is shown here to increase the affinity for GDP, IDP, and guanosine 5'-(beta,gamma-imidotriphosphate), which are competitive inhibitors of GTPase and ITPase activities. Various fluorescence approaches also reveal an increased affinity of the catalytic site in mutant as compared with wild-type enzyme for GDP, IDP, and 2'(3')-N-methylanthraniloyl GDP. The mutation alters the maximal rates and pH dependence of GTPase and ITPase activities, whereas wild-type F1 exhibits single optima at pH 7.5-8.0. The pH activity profiles of the mutant enzyme for these substrates are biphasic, with optima at pH 8.5-9.0 and below 6.5. The mutation increases the sensitivity of GTPase and ITPase activities to azide inhibition, which increases with decreasing pH. At pH 6.0-7.0, an apparent negative cooperativity is observed when mutant F1 hydrolyzes GTP or ITP, whereas the wild-type enzyme shows Michaelian kinetics. Addition of bicarbonate at pH 7.0 substantially stimulates GTP or ITP hydrolysis and abolishes the apparent negative cooperativity by the mutant enzyme; on the contrary, the anion produces a slight inhibition of these activities catalyzed by wild-type F1. The overall results suggest that apparent negative cooperativity can be observed with GTP or ITP hydrolysis provided that the release of the respective diphosphate is a rate-limiting step.
Stage IV carcinoma of the cervix with bladder invasion

Abstract Carcinoma of the cervis with bladder invasion represents only 1.7 percent of cervical carcinomas treated at M. D. Anderson Hospital. Fifty-three cases with bladder invasion were selected for treatment from 1948–1966. The 5 year survival was 30 per cent. Cases were analyzed as to extent of disease prior to treatment, the importance of bladder biopsy, the roles of operation and irradiation in treatment, complications of irradiation, and recommended irradiation techniques. Only two vesicovaginal fistulas developed during treatment and none after completion of treatment. Adequate bladder function was retained in survivors. Recurrence of cancer in the bladder was not identified as a cause of failure. It is concluded that irradiation alone of selected cases of cervical cancer with bladder invasion results in an appreciable survival rate with an acceptable morbidity. Exenteration may be reserved for persistence or recurrent central disease.
An RPC Facility for PVM

Parallel Virtual Machine (PVM) is a software system that enables concurrent computing, based on the message-passing paradigm, in heterogeneous environments. To expand the scope and applicability of the PVM system, we have developed an alternate interface to PVM that supports client-server computing. The core of this interface is a remote procedure call (RPC) facility that permits the specification and export of services which may be invoked by clients using the well-established RPC paradigm and mechanics. Previous experiences have established that this model is natural and effective for programming distributed applications, and that RPC can be implemented in message-passing systems like PVM with a minimum of overhead. This model also enables significant additional functionality such as user-transparent load balancing, failure resilience, and adaptive parallelism.
ECONOMIC ANALYSIS AND POLICIES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS

This article explains how economic analysis can be applied to understand environmental problems and to suggest appropriate policies to deal with these problems. Economic analysis is performed using static and dynamic models, and one-person and several-person game theoretical models. Policy recommendations include the control of industrial pollution in China and the regulation of world CO2 emission through the application of a resolution by the United Nations.
Experience with in vitro fertilization of follicular rabbit oocytes and embryo transfer

In vitro fertilization experiments were done in rabbits to develop an effective technique. Preovulatory oocytes were harvested from the follicles of virgin does 9 h after the induction of ovulation by HCG injection and incubated with sperm capacitated in vivo for 5 h. Fertilized ova were cultivated for an additional 20 h until they reached the four- to eight-cell stage. These embryos were transferred to pseudopregnant recipient rabbits who were ‘asynchronous’ in the sense that they had been given HCG injections 6 or 12 h later than the rabbits from whom the ova were obtained. An 81% in vitro fertilization rate of follicular oocytes was achieved. A total of 70 embryos was transferred to the oviducts of eight recipients and 41 young were born. Due to lack of recipients 67 fertilized ova could not be used for transfer experiments.These were cultured for an additional 4–5 days and 44 (66%) developed into blastocysts. Our results were obtained in a consecutive series of experiments and demonstrated that in vitro fertilization can be made to work quite well in the rabbit which, in the early stages of embryogenesis has sufficient similarity with the human, to make it a valuable model for those whishing to acquire techniques applicable to human fertilization in vitro and embryo transfer.