cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Herbivory on planted oak seedlings across a habitat edge created by timber harvest

Edge habitats create environmental gradients that affect plant community composition and herbivore behavior. Silvicultural disturbance creates edge habitat with direct (via changes in light) and indirect (via changes in herbivore behavior) consequences for the growth and survival of tree seedlings, and thus, the composition of the future forest stands. Herbivores, particularly ungulates, can be a major limiting factor in oak regeneration, and silvicultural disturbance may alter the abundance or behavior of herbivores following harvest. We measured the severity of herbivory on experimentally planted white (Quercus alba) and black oak (Quercus velutina) seedlings by white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and eastern cottontail rabbits (Sylvilagus floridanus), as well as foliar damage from insects, across gradients created by clearcuts in a deciduous forest in Indiana, USA. Overall browse pressure on oaks was low in our study. Nonetheless, spatial variation in herbivory depended on herbivore taxa; herbivory by rabbits was highest inside harvest openings, whereas foliar damage by insects peaked in the forest. Intensity of deer herbivory was constant across the edge. In addition, we observed indirect interactions among herbivore species mediated by a seedling’s browsing history. Herbivore damage by deer was positively related to past browsing by rabbits, and foliar damage from insects was positively related to past browsing by both deer and rabbits. Increasing woody plant competition reduced herbivory on seedlings by both deer and rabbits. Given the lack of spatial variability in deer herbivory and low overall herbivory by rabbits, we suspect that interactions between timber harvesting and herbivory did not have a strong impact on oak seedlings at our study sites.
PET-MRI tracking of imaging-visible microencapsulated stem cells in immunocompetent rabbits.

Background Exogenous stem cell therapy has shown benefits for treating peripheral arterial disease patients, who are not amenable for conventional revascularization therapy. Previously, we have demonstrated the ability of imaging-visible cell microencapsulation to overcome the challenges of poor cell retention/survival and difficulties with monitoring cell delivery success. However, in vivo cell viability cannot be assessed noninvasively. Here, we investigate the potential of PET-MRI tracking of F MRI-visible microencapsulated human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) labeled with triple-fusion (TF) reporter gene in non-immunosuppressed rabbits.
Saccadic Adaptation Alters the Attentional Field

It is currently unknown whether changes to the oculomotor system can induce changes to the distribution of spatial attention around a fixated target. Previous studies have used perceptual performance tasks to show that adaptation of saccadic eye movements affects dynamic properties of visual attention, in particular, attentional shifts to a cued location. In this study, we examined the effects of saccadic adaptation on the static distribution of visual attention around fixation (attentional field). We used the classic double step adaptation procedure and a flanker task to test for differences in the attentional field after forward and backward adaptation. RT measures revealed that the shape of the attentional field changed significantly after backward adaptation as shown through altered interference from distracters at different eccentricities but not after forward adaptation. This finding reveals that modification of saccadic amplitudes can affect metrics of not only dynamic properties of attention but also its static properties. A major implication is that the neural mechanisms underlying fundamental selection mechanisms and the oculomotor system can reweight each other.
Review of the Drug Trials Snapshots Program of the US Food and Drug Administration: Women in Cardiovascular Drug Trials

This review of FDA’s Drug Trials Snapshots Program evaluates the sex-specific findings reported as part of the approval process for all cardiovascular drugs that the FDA approved in 2015.
MPI Acceleration of Image Classification: Are We Seeing the Resurgence of MPI in Solving Big Data Problems?

Recent work has shown the effectiveness of the MPI programming paradigm in accelerating image classification via the Stochastic Gradient Descent optimization technique. Applications such as Caffe, Torch and Tensor Flow, that use Graphic Processing Unit accelerators within the SMP node, have been extended to use MPI across nodes with scalable speedups. In this talk, we will briefly review convolutional neural networks and the stochastic gradient technique to explore optimized solutions for the image classification problem. Next, I will review opportunities and challenges in parallel and distributed asynchronous stochastic gradient descent and the benefits from using MPI libraries. I will also present possible future directions for MPI based deep learning and other Big Data applications.
Robotic assisted minimally invasive esophagectomy for esophageal cancer: a comment on the Ruijin hospital experience

Zhang et al . have described their technical approach to a total laparoscopic and thoracoscopic robotic assisted minimally invasive esophagectomy (RAMIE) via an Ivor Lewis approach for an early stage, distal, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (1).
Carotid chemoreceptors tune breathing via multipath routing: reticular chain and loop operations supported by parallel spike train correlations.

We tested the long-standing hypothesis that carotid chemoreceptors tune the frequency and depth of breathing through parallel circuit operations targeting the ventral respiratory column. Responses ...
Optical fiber-mediated photosynthesis for enhanced subsurface oxygen delivery

Abstract Remediation of polluted groundwater often requires oxygen delivery into subsurface to sustain aerobic bacteria. Air sparging or injection of oxygen containing solutions (e.g., hydrogen peroxide) into the subsurface are common. In this study visible light was delivered into the subsurface using radially emitting optical fibers. Phototrophic organisms grew near the optical fiber in a saturated sand column. When applying light in on-off cycles, dissolved oxygen (DO) varied from super saturation levels of >15 mg DO/L in presence of light to under-saturation (
TSPO regulation in reactive gliotic diseases

The brain is the most metabolically active organ in the body. This high metabolic demand is apparent in that 60% of the brain is comprised of mitochondria-enriched cells. A disruption of the brain's ability to meet this immense metabolic demand is central to the pathogenesis of a multitude of neurological disorders, which range from depression to Alzheimer's disease. Central to these pathologies are glial signaling and energy metabolism cascades regulating apoptosis and inflammation. Thus, diseases causing inflammation and disruption of metabolism can be correlated with glial reactivity. Acutely, reactive gliosis provides a mechanism for limiting the progression of a disease. Following chronic activation, the ability of reactive gliosis to limit disease progression decreases and, in some cases, transitions into a harmful state. The necessity for a noninvasive biomarker of disease in the brain has linked reactive gliosis with an upregulation of translocator protein (TSPO). TSPO is an 18kDa protein that is both a therapeutic target for multiple acute and chronic neuroinflammatory diseases and the leading biomarker for Alzheimer's disease. Although a central function of TSPO is not well known, the protein was named for its ability to translocate cholesterol. Increased TSPO expression is an indicator of disrupted metabolic activity and increased reactive oxygen production. The changes in TSPO expression levels both temporally and spatially relate to the pathogenesis of stroke, Alzheimer's disease, traumatic brain injury, and depression. Therefore, research into the basic function and potential therapeutics targeting TSPO will have broad implications for many diseases of the brain.
Cost‐effectiveness of magnetic resonance imaging and targeted fusion biopsy for early detection of prostate cancer

OBJECTIVE To determine how best to use magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and targeted MRI/ultrasonography fusion biopsy for early detection of prostate cancer (PCa) in men with elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) concentrations and whether it can be cost-effective. METHODS A Markov model of PCa onset and progression was developed to estimate the health and economic consequences of PCa screening with MRI. Patients underwent PSA screening from ages 55 to 69 years. Patients with elevated PSA concentrations (>4 ng/mL) underwent MRI, followed by targeted fusion or combined (standard + targeted fusion) biopsy on positive MRI, and standard or no biopsy on negative MRI. Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) score on MRI was used to determine biopsy decisions. Deaths averted, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), cost and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) were estimated for each strategy. RESULTS With a negative MRI, standard biopsy was more expensive and had lower QALYs than performing no biopsy. The optimum screening strategy (ICER $23 483/QALY) recommended combined biopsy for patients with PI-RADS score ≥3 and no biopsy for patients with PI-RADS score <3, and reduced the number of screening biopsies by 15%. Threshold analysis suggests MRI continues to be cost-effective when the sensitivity and specificity of MRI and combined biopsy are simultaneously reduced by 19 percentage points. CONCLUSIONS Our analysis suggests MRI followed by targeted MRI/ultrasonography fusion biopsy can be a cost-effective approach to the early detection of PCa.
Heart rate variability biofeedback: implications for cognitive and psychiatric effects in older adults.

Objectives: Two decades of heart rate variability (HRV) biofeedback research have focused on adolescent and adult populations with a variety of symptoms and conditions at the exclusion of older adu...
Mortality Measures to Profile Hospital Performance for Patients With Septic Shock.

Objectives:Sepsis care is becoming a more common target for hospital performance measurement, but few studies have evaluated the acceptability of sepsis or septic shock mortality as a potential performance measure. In the absence of a gold standard to identify septic shock in claims data, we assesse
Pineal Involvement in Seasonality of Reproduction

The pineal organ responds to changes in illumination electrophysiologically (in most nonmammalian vertebrates) and hormonally (in nearly all vertebrates). Very little is known about the electrophysiological information originating in the pineal organ, but pineal physiologists are beginning to understand how the hormonal messages are used by animals to regulate physiological events like maintenance of rhythms and seasonal reproduction.
Intra-annual phenology for detecting understory plant invasion in urban forests

Abstract Accurate and repeatable mapping of biological plant invasions is essential to develop successful management strategies for conserving native biodiversity. While overstory invasive plants have been successfully detected and mapped using multiple methods, understory invasive detection remains a challenge, particularly in dense forested environments. Very few studies have utilized an approach that identifies and aligns the acquisition timing of remote sensing imagery with peak phenological differences between understory and overstory vegetation types. We investigated this opportunity by analyzing a monthly time-series of 2011 Landsat TM data to identify acquisition periods with the highest phenological differences between understory and overstory vegetation for detecting the spatial distribution of the exotic understory plant Ligustrum sinense Lour., a rapidly spreading invader in urbanizing regions of the southeastern United States. We used vegetation indices (VI) to establish intra-annual phenological trends for L. sinense, evergreen forest, and deciduous forest located in Mecklenburg County, North Carolina, USA. We developed Random Forest (RF) models to detect L. sinense from those time steps exhibiting the highest phenological differences. We assessed the relative contribution of VI and topographic indices (TI) to the detection of L. sinense. We compared the top performing models and used the best overall model to produce a map of L. sinense for the study area. RF models that included VI, TI, and Landsat TM bands for March 13 and 29, 2011 (the periods with highest detected phenological differences), produced the highest overall accuracy and Kappa estimates, outperforming the combination of VI and TI by 8.5% in accuracy and 20.5% in Kappa. The top performing model from the RF produced a Kappa of 0.75. Our findings suggest that selecting remote sensing data for a period when phenological differences between L. sinense and forest types are at their peak can improve the detection and mapping of L. sinense.
Targeting alternative pathways in HER2-positive breast cancer.

Trastuzumab (Herceptin) has dramatically changed the treatment of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer.
The Direct Fluorination of Polymers and the Synthesis of Poly(carbon monofluoride) in Fluorine Plasma

The reactions of elemental fluorine with finely powdered hydrocarbon polymers and paraffins have been carefully controlled so that the products of the reactions are perfluorocarbon polymers. Potentially, this direct fluorination process is a new approach to the synthesis of fluorocarbon polymers. Polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyacrylonitrile, Polyacrylamide, “resol” phenol formaldehyde resin, and ethylene propylene copolymer have been fluorinated to produce perfluorocarbon polymers which are structurally similar to the hydrocarbon starting materials and have physical properties similar to known structurally related fluorocarbon polymers obtained by polymerization of fluorocarbon monomers.
The Neural Underpinnings of Spatial Memory and Navigation

Spatial memory and navigation are supported by two fundamentally distinct representations. Egocentric reference frames code space relative to the observer, relying on a frontal–parietal network to update location based on one's relative position in the environment. Allocentric reference frames represent external landmarks independent of self-position and are supported primarily by the hippocampus and parahippocampal cortices. Egocentric and allocentric representations can not only develop independently, highlighting their distinct behavioral relevance, but also can interact with one another via brain systems such as the retrosplenial cortex. Together, findings suggest that space is represented in the brain by a conjunction of the two representations.
Correlating wearable activity monitor data with PROMIS detected distress and physical functioning in advanced cancer patients.

e21689Background: Patients with advanced cancer experience significant distress. Timely identification and treatment of distress can improve outcomes and quality of life. Domains of distress (i.e. ...
Regioselective remote CH fluoroalkylselenolation of 8-aminoquinolines

Abstract Herein, the direct C-5 fluoroalkylselenolation of 8-aminoquinolines is described. The Pd-catalyzed reaction is performed with the in situ generated fluoroalkylselenyl chloride and various 8-aminoquinoline amides or sulfonamides. The desired products were formed in moderate to excellent yields.
Cooperation in confidential withholding of HIV status from partners of sexually-active patients: a role for organisational moral agency.

An increasingly blurred understanding of the conditions under which clinicians may withhold HIV seropositive status from partners of patients who are sexually active and who do not intend to disclose suggests a critical need to revisit the relationship between the principle of confidentiality, the moral and legal duties to warn at-risk third parties, and the organisational ethics surrounding licit cooperation with wrongdoing in the effort to uphold professional moral responsibility. This essay grounds its argument in two, straightforward premises: (i) the ethical principle of cooperation is an indispensable measure of the moral licitness of instances of complicity with wrongdoing; (ii) some instances of material organisational complicity vis-a-vis confidential withholdings of HIV seropositive status from partners of sexually active patients both meet and successfully employ the standards of the ethical principle of cooperation. Drawing from this syllogism, the essay argues that, in Type II cases, healthcare organisations may (initially and on certain conditions) materially cooperate in withholding the HIV seropositive status of patients from partners with whom patients are sexually active, and to whom patients do not intend to disclose HIV seropositive status, in the effort to honour professional obligations of privacy, confidentiality, and fidelity in a manner that is both legally licit and morally justifiable.
Polyploidy in creosote bush (Larrea tridentata) shapes the biogeography of specialist herbivores.

Aim Whole-genome duplication (polyploidy) can influence the biogeography and ecology of plants that differ in ploidy level (cytotype). Here, we address how two consequences of plant polyploidy (parapatry of cytotypes and altered species interactions) shape the biogeography of herbivorous insects. Location Warm deserts of North America. Taxa Gall midges (Asphondylia auripila group, Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) that attack three parapatric cytotypes of creosote bush (Larrea tridentata, Zygophyllaceae). Methods We surveyed Asphondylia species diversity at 177 sites across a 2300-km extent. After noting a correspondence between the distributions of eight Asphondylia species and L. tridentata cytotypes, we fine-mapped Asphondylia species range limits with transects spanning cytotype contact zones. We then tested whether plant-insect interactions and/or abiotic factors explain this coincidence by (1) comparing attack rates and gall midge communities on alternative cytotypes in a narrow zone of sympatry and (2) using species distribution models (SDMs) to determine if climatically suitable habitat for each midge species extended beyond cytotype contact zones. Results The range limits of 6/17 Asphondylia species (including two novel putative species confirmed with COI sequencing) perfectly coincided with the contact zone of diploid and tetraploid L. tridentata. One midge species was restricted to diploid host plants while five were restricted to tetraploid and hexaploid host plants. Where diploid and tetraploid L. tridentata are sympatric, cytotype-restricted midge species more frequently attacked their typical host and Asphondylia community structure differed markedly between cytotypes. SDMs predicted that distributions of cytotype-restricted midge species were not constrained by climatic conditions near cytotype contact zones. Main conclusions Contact zones between plant cytotypes are dispersal barriers for many Asphondylia species due to plant-insect interactions. The distribution of L. tridentata cytotypes therefore shapes herbivore species ranges and herbivore community structure across North American deserts. Our results demonstrate that polyploidy in plants can affect the biogeography of ecological communities.
Epidemiology of foodborne illnesses

Humans are the ultimate bioassay for low-level or sporadic contamination of our food supply. Epidemiologic methods of foodborne disease surveillance are powerful tools because they take advantage of events that are occurring throughout the population. This population-based lens, focused by advances in molecular subtyping and information technology available to public health laboratories, is particularly well suited to dealing with foodborne diseases associated with mass-produced and widely distributed food products. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) is becoming the standard for public health surveillance. It offers greater sensitivity for outbreak detection and greater specificity for outbreak investigation than previous methods of analysis. WGS links between cases and foods or environmental samples will require exposure assessment. Public health officials will be challenged to provide the epidemiologic resources to investigate and solve the anticipated growth in small outbreaks. Better outbreak investigation methods, including environmental assessments, will provide more useful data to evaluate the effectiveness of food safety policies and improve food attribution models. Improving the science base for policy development should lead to more effective food control activities. Since national food supplies are rapidly becoming global in origin, the need for an international system for foodborne disease surveillance exists as well. Because foodborne disease problems imported into one country may represent disease problems endemic to the food-producing country, growing awareness of these problems could stimulate investment in interventions that improve public health in both countries.
The Cost Effectiveness of Minicomputers versus Main Frames for Structural Analysis Problems

Abstract : A study of the cost effectiveness of minicomputers vs. main frames for structural analysis programs is described. It compares the performance of several finite element programs including SAP IV and SPAR. Most of the runs were performed with the Illinois Institute of Technology PRIME 400 minicomputer and the United Computing System UNIVAC 1100/81 main frame. Other computers were used selectively. The matrix of Structural problems included beam, plate and shell problems and static, dynamic and nonlinear analysis. (Author)
Effect of ply constraint on fatigue damage development in composite material laminates

It is shown that the effects of constraint on the response of composite materials can be classified as (1) in-plane effects, and (2) through-the-thickness effects; with in-plane constraint being the principal contributor to notched strength and changes in notched strength under quasi-static loading. It is also determined that the constraint situations that produce the greatest static strength do not minimize the extent of damage that develops under either static or cyclic loading, and that through-the-thickness constraint controls the pattern and spacing of transverse cracks in the characteristic damage state that determines those of strength and stress in unnotched laminates. It is concluded that the mode and the extent of damage in notched and unnotched constrained plies is governed by the stress state in those plies, as determined by the constraining ones, and the relationship of stress and strength states.
The refined symplectic sum formula for Gromov–Witten invariants

We describe the extent to which Ionel–Parker’s proposed refinement of the standard relative Gromov–Witten invariants (GW-invariants) sharpens the usual symplectic sum formula. The key product opera...
Febuxostat as a renoprotective agent for treatment of hyperuricaemia: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.

BACKGROUND The objective of this meta-analysis of randomised controlled clinical trials (RCT) was to evaluate the effects of febuxostat on kidney function in patients with hyperuricaemia. AIMS Febuxostat is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor that decreases uric acid production. Recent studies suggested the renoprotective effect of febuxostat among hyperuricaemia patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of febuxostat on kidney function in patients with hyperuricaemia. METHODS We conducted electronic searches in PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from January 1960 to July 2019 to identify RCT that examined the effects of febuxostat in adult patients with hyperuricaemia on serum creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), albuminuria, blood pressure parameters, major cardiovascular events, diarrhoea, joint pain, stroke and arrhythmia. RESULTS Nine RCT with 2141 participants were included in this meta-analysis. Compared to placebo, the febuxostat group showed a higher eGFR at 6 months with a weighted mean difference (WMD) of 2.86 mL/min/1.73 m2 (P < 0.001), as well as the end of studies (eGFR WMD 2.69 mL/min/1.73 m2 , P < 0.001). There was also lower serum creatinine (SrCr WMD = -0.04 mg/dL, P < 0.001), reduction in systolic blood pressure (SBP WMD = -1.18 mmHg, P < 0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP WMD = -1.14 mmHg, P = 0.04). There was no statistical difference between febuxostat and placebo in major cardiovascular events, diarrhoea, joint symptoms, stroke events and arrhythmia. Subgroup analysis among chronic kidney disease showed the febuxostat group had higher eGFR than the placebo group (eGFR WMD = 2.69 mL/min/1.73 m2 , P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Treating hyperuricaemia with febuxostat may slow the progression of chronic kidney disease irrespective of baseline renal function without significantly associated increased risks of major cardiovascular events, diarrhoea, joint symptoms, arrhythmia and stroke, compared to placebo.
Potential and Distribution of Transplanted Hematopoietic Stem Cells in a Nonablated Mouse Model

Increasingly, allogeneic and even more often autologous bone marrow transplants are being done to correct a wide variety of diseases. In addition, autologous marrow transplants potentially provide an opportune means of delivering genes in transfected, engrafting stem cells. However, despite its widespread clinical use and promising gene therapy applications, relatively little is known about the mechanisms of engraftment in marrow transplant recipients. This is especially so in the nonablated recipient setting. Our data show that purified lineage negative rhodamine 123/Hoechst 33342 dull transplanted hematopoietic stem cells engraft into the marrow of nonablated syngeneic recipients. These cells have multilineage potential, and maintain a distinct subpopulation with “stem cell” characteristics. The data also suggests a spatial localization of stem cell “niches” to the endosteal surface, with all donor cells having a high spatial affinity to this area. However, the level of stem cell engraftment observed following a transplant of “stem cells” was significantly lower than that expected following a transplant of the same number of unseparated marrow cells from which the purified cells were derived, suggesting the existence of a “nonstem cell facilitator population,” which is required in a nonablated syngeneic transplant setting.
Circular-Polarized Metal-Only Reflectarray With Multi-Slot Elements

A circular-polarized metal-only reflectarray operating at 20 GHz is reported in this article. The reflectarray uses a novel multi-slot element that supports both left-hand and right-hand circular polarization for applications such as satellite communication. The element maintains a full phase coverage of 360° for both polarizations over a wide bandwidth spanning from 18 to 24 GHz (30%). Moreover, the square slot of the element allows the antenna to maintain a low axial ratio ( $20\lambda _{0}$ diameter (300 mm) reflectarray was 31.4 dB with a 1 and 3 dB gain-bandwidth of 6.8% and 10.1%, respectively, for each polarization. Measurement results illustrate excellent agreement with simulation. This reflectarray, which supports both polarizations, has both a polarization diversity and an increased bandwidth for satellite applications.
E-Textile Microinteractions: Augmenting Twist with Flick, Slide and Grasp Gestures for Soft Electronics

E-textile microinteractions advance cord-based interfaces by enabling the simultaneous use of precise continuous control and casual discrete gestures. We leverage the recently introduced I/O Braid sensing architecture to enable a series of user studies and experiments which help design suitable interactions and a real-time gesture recognition pipeline. Informed by a gesture elicitation study with 36 participants, we developed a user-dependent classifier for eight discrete gestures with 94% accuracy for 12 participants. In a formal evaluation we show that we can enable precise manipulation with the same architecture. Our quantitative targeting experiment suggests that twisting is faster than existing headphone button controls and is comparable in speed to a capacitive touch surface. Qualitative interview feedback indicates a preference for I/O Braid's interaction over that of in-line headphone controls. Our applications demonstrate how continuous and discrete gestures can be combined to form new, integrated e-textile microinteraction techniques for real-time continuous control, discrete actions and mode switching.
Uterine Tumor Resembling Ovarian Sex Cord Stromal Tumor (UTROSCT): A Series of 3 Cases With Extensive Rhabdoid Differentiation, Malignant Behavior, and ESR1-NCOA2 Fusions

ESR1 and GREB1 fusions have recently been described in uterine tumor resembling ovarian sex cord tumor (UTROSCT). Thus far, recurrences have been documented in a subset of those harboring GREB1 fusions, but not in those with ESR1 rearrangements. Here we describe the clinicopathologic features of 3 recurrent UTROSCTs with striking rhabdoid morphology (an unusual feature of these tumors overall) and ESR1-NCOA2 fusions. The patients were 32, 37, and 54 years at initial diagnosis and first recurrence occurred at 7, 9, and 32 years. The primary tumors (available in two cases) were centered in the myometrium and showed infiltrative borders. They predominantly grew in sheets and cords, but also had a pseudopapillary appearance. Cells were uniformly epithelioid with eccentric nuclei, prominent nucleoli, abundant eosinophilic globular/glassy (rhabdoid) cytoplasm, and infrequent mitoses (≤4/10 high-power fields [HPFs]). Recurrences were morphologically identical to the primary tumors, but demonstrated brisk mitotic activity (≥16/10 HPFs). The third tumor (with only recurrences available) had multiple patterns, including diffuse, corded, trabecular, and a focal retiform growth. Rhabdoid cells were conspicuous, but only comprised ~50% of the tumor, and mitoses numbered up to 2/10 HPFs. All tumors were strongly and diffusely positive for WT1, CAM5.2, ER, and PR, but negative for inhibin. Diffuse calretinin and desmin expression, as well as focal melan-A positivity, was noted in one tumor, but was negative in the others. In all 3 tumors, INI-1 and BRG-1 were retained, and ESR1-NCOA2 fusions were detected by targeted RNA sequencing. This study is the first to highlight an association between UTROSCTs with extensive rhabdoid differentiation, ESR1-NCOA2 fusions, and aggressive behavior. UTROSCTs are considered neoplasms of uncertain malignant potential, but have a benign course in most cases. Thus, it is important to be aware of these specific features and recommend long-term follow-up due to their propensity for late recurrences.
Following the Leader: The Evolving Network of Charter School Giving

Background/ContextResearch on the patterns of philanthropic funding of charter schools has largely focused on the behavior of major foundations. This work has documented how the once diffuse giving...
A deep learning approach to correctly identify the sequence of coincidences in cross-strip CZT detectors

Intra-detector scatters (IRS) and Inter-detector scatters (IDS) are events that often happen in positron emission tomography (PET) due to the Compton scattering of an annihilation photon inside one detector block and also from one detector block to another. One challenge in PET system based on Cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) detectors is the high mass attenuation coefficient for Compton scattering at 511 keV that causes a considerable fraction of Multiple Interaction Photon Events (MIPEs). Besides, in a cross strip CZT detector, there is more ambiguity in pairing anode with its corresponding cathode in MIPEs in IRS. This study utilizes state-of-the-art in deep learning to correctly identify target sequences in cross-strip CZT detectors. It is promising to improve the system's sensitivity by identifying true line-of-responses (LOR)s out of different possible LORs from IRS events, IDS events, and Intra-detector ambiguity, which they are usually discarded.
Two sequential activation modules control the differentiation of protective T helper-1 (Th1) cells

Summary Interferon-γ (IFN-γ)-producing CD4+ T helper-1 (Th1) cells are critical for protection from microbes that infect the phagosomes of myeloid cells. Current understanding of Th1 cell differentiation is based largely on reductionist cell culture experiments. We assessed Th1 cell generation in vivo by studying antigen-specific CD4+ T cells during infection with the phagosomal pathogen Salmonella enterica (Se), or influenza A virus (IAV), for which CD4+ T cells are less important. Both microbes induced T follicular helper (Tfh) and interleukin-12 (IL-12)-independent Th1 cells. During Se infection, however, the Th1 cells subsequently outgrew the Tfh cells via an IL-12-dependent process and formed subsets with increased IFN-γ production, ZEB2-transcription factor-dependent cytotoxicity, and capacity to control Se infection. Our results indicate that many infections induce a module that generates Tfh and poorly differentiated Th1 cells, which is followed in phagosomal infections by an IL-12-dependent Th1 cell amplification module that is critical for pathogen control.
The Effects of Muscle Energy on Low Back Pain: A 3D Analysis of running biomechanics

Background: Muscle energy technique (MET) is asn osteopathic treatment technique that is utilized frequently in the clinical setting, yet the overall effectiveness is minimally supported within literature. MET is an osteopathic technique that involves an isometric contract relax technique intended to improve alignment and enhance neuromuscular education. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of MET on running kinetics on subjects with low back pain. Method: A quasi-experimental research design was implemented and subjects, all of whom either had a history of or currently experience low back pain, underwent pre-intervention data collection of: anthropometric measurements, medical history, dorsaVi 3D running analysis, and a musculoskeletal and neurological clinical exam. Subjects underwent 6 weeks of isolated lumbo-pelvic MET at a frequency of twice a week, and were instructed to avoid all other treatment. Post-intervention data collected included a clinical exam and another dorsaVI running analysis. Results: Data was analyzed including: pre and post-treatment initial peak acceleration, ground contact time, and ground reaction force. A paired t-test comparing pre and post mean kinetic changes demonstrated the following p values: initial peak acceleration p = .80, ground contact time p = .96, and ground reaction force p = .68. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that isolated MET treatment is not statistically significant for changing 3D kinetic running variable in subjects with low back pain. Clinical Implications: Recommend healthcare providers to use a multi-treatment approach for low back pain. Future research should include a control group and larger sample size.
Retrospective Examination of the GILLS Algorithm Applied to Mandibular Distraction.

Background: The GILLS (gastroesophageal reflux, preoperative intubation, late intervention (>14 days), low birth weight (<2500 g), and syndromic diagnosis) score is a validated predictor of success...
An experimental justification for the proportionality between the coherence bandwidth and the root mean square time delay spread using deterministic time of arrivals

Abstract In this paper, a novel approach of using deterministic multipath arrivals is presented to highlight the relationship between the coherence bandwidth and the root mean square time delay spread. This is done via a measurement campaign that sounds the wireless channel using frequency sweep measurements, where the wireless link is purposefully disturbed by the motion of a reflecting surface mounted to a robot arm. That motion is designed to induce deterministic components into the set of multipath arrivals, allowing those components to be isolated from those multipaths that are random. Those isolated deterministic arrivals are then manipulated using signal processing methods to confirm the well known inverse proportionality between the coherence bandwidth and the time delay spread to highlight the efficacy of this novel deterministic multipath approach. As such, it will be shown that the inverse proportionality constant determined in our controlled environment is nearly identical to a theoretical lower bound proposed in the literature. Finally, the use of deterministic paths for improved medium access control level performance is discussed relative to traditional physical layer statistical methods. We argue that the ability to extract deterministic paths in a multipath environment may reduce the amount of signal processing required to study the statistical nature of wireless channels for some applications of interest.
Prehension kinematics in humans and macaques

Non-human primates, especially rhesus macaques, have been a dominant model to study sensorimotor control of the upper limbs. Indeed, human and macaques have similar hands and homologous neural circuits to mediate manual behavior. However, few studies have systematically and quantitatively compared the manual behaviors of the two species. Such comparison is critical for assessing the validity of using the macaque sensorimotor system as a model of its human counterpart. In this study, we systematically compared the prehensile behaviors of humans and rhesus macaques using an identical experimental setup. We found human and macaque prehension kinematics to be generally similar but with a few subtle differences. Humans and macaques have similar major axes of movements and similar kinematics subspaces. Human grasps are more object-specific and the movement of human digits are less correlated with each other. Monkeys demonstrate more stereotypical grasping behaviors that are common across all grasp conditions. Our results bolster the use of the macaque model to understand the neural mechanisms of manual dexterity.
Understanding and Using Legal Rules

Learning to brief a case is an important skill for new law students. But what do lawyers do with these discrete components of a judicial opinion? After successfully identifying the procedural posture, the court’s reasoning, the determinative facts, and the rule of law from an individual case, lawyers will use these judicial opinions to identify the rule of law governing a particular subject area and will use this rule to address legal problems. This chapter will focus on learning to use legal rules.
INFLUENCE OF STREPTOMYCIN ON NUCLEOTIDE EXCRETION IN ESCHERICHIA COLI

Tzagoloff, Helen (Rutgers, The State University, New Brunswick, N.J.) and W. W. Umbreit. Influence of streptomycin on nucleotide excretion in Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 85:49-52. 1963.-The action of streptomycin in causing nucleotide excretion is not the cause of the killing effect of streptomycin, because, in certain strains, streptomycin may kill the cells without evidence of nucleotide excretion. In readily excreting strains, most of the cells are killed before nucleotide excretion is evident.
Digital system robustness via design constraints: The lesson of formal methods

Current programming languages and programming models make it easy to create software and hardware systems that fulfill an intended function but also leave such systems open to unintended function and vulnerabilities. Software engineering and code hygiene may make systems incrementally safer, but do not produce the wholesale change necessary for secure systems from the outset. Yet there exists an approach with impressive results: We cite recent examples showing that formal methods, coupled with formally informed digital design, have produced objectively more robust code even beyond the properties directly proven. Though discovery of zero-day vulnerabilities is almost always a surprise and powerful tools like semantic fuzzers can cover a larger search space of vulnerabilities than a developer can conceive of, formal models seem to produce robustness of a higher qualitative order than traditionally developed digital systems. Because the claim is necessarily a qualitative one, we illustrate similar results with an idealized programming language in the form of Boolean networks where we have control of parameters related to stability and adaptability. We argue that verifiability with formal methods is an instance of broader design constraints that promote robustness. We draw analogies to real-world programming models and languages that can be mathematically reasoned about in contrast to ones that are essentially undecidable.
A Research Curriculum for Future Clinicians: A Multimodel Strategy.

Abstract To overcome the long-standing gap between clinical social work practice and research teaching, a multimodel research curriculum has been developed to exemplify the function of research in social work practice and to teach students to examine practice-based questions through empirical research. The authors underscore the need to include a number of research strategies to encompass complex practice concerns and issues. Data evaluating students' perceptions of the linkage of research and practice as well as examples of agency utilization of students' research are included.
Role of 5-Lipoxygenase in IL-13-Induced Pulmonary Inflammation and Remodeling

Exaggerated levels of IL-13 and leukotriene (LT) pathway activation frequently coexist at sites of Th2 inflammation and in tissue fibrotic responses. However, the relationship(s) between the IL-13 and LTs in these responses have not been defined. We hypothesized that the 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) pathway of LT metabolism plays an important role in the pathogenesis of IL-13-induced chronic inflammation and remodeling. To test this hypothesis, we evaluated the effects of IL-13 on components of the 5-LO metabolic and activation pathways. We also compared the effects of transgenic IL-13 in C57BL/6 mice with wild-type and null 5-LO genetic loci . These studies demonstrate that IL-13 increases the levels of mRNA encoding cytosolic phospholipase A 2 , LTA 4 hydrolase, and 5-LO-activating protein without altering the expression of 5-LO, LTC 4 synthase, LTB 4 receptors 1 and 2, and cysteinyl-LT receptors 1 and 2. They also demonstrate that this activation is associated with the enhanced accumulation of LTB 4 but not of cysteinyl-LTs. Furthermore, they demonstrate that this stimulation plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of IL-13-induced inflammation, tissue fibrosis, and respiratory failure-induced death while inhibiting alveolar remodeling. Lastly, mechanistic insights are provided by demonstrating that IL-13-induced 5-LO activation is required for optimal stimulation and activation of TGF-β 1 and the inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase-12. When viewed in combination, these studies demonstrate that 5-LO plays an important role in IL-13-induced inflammation and remodeling.
The elliptic Sinh Gordon equation and the construction of toroidal soap bubbles

In this paper we will study the semilinear elliptic equation Au+ ~ s i n h u = 0 in bounded domains D c R 2. This equation has sometimes been called the elliptic Sinh-Gordon equation. Of particular interest is the study of the following boundary value problem of "nonlinear eigenvalue" type: (1) Au+ ~ s i n h u = 0 in R u = 0 on OR u > 0 where R is a rectangle in R 2. This problem arises in plasma physics and also statistical mechanics as a way of modeling point vortices. However, it arises in a surprising and central way in the construction of compact surfaces of constant mean curvature. This will be explained in the following section. The basic questions to be answered concern the uniqueness of solutions (the existence is very easy) and the behavior of solutions as ~. tends to zero. Moreover, we would like a complete classification of all the positive solutions. Generally speaking, such an ambitious goal has never been accomplished for nonlinear eigenvalue problems except in very special cases. Because of the special geometric significance of problem (I) we shall show that a very beautiful and elegant description of atl the solutions is possible. Our main results are as follows.
Completing Canonical Quantization, and Its Role in Nontrivial Scalar Field Quantization

The process of canonical quantization is redefined so that the classical and quantum theories coexist when \(\hslash > 0\), just as they do in the real world. This analysis not only supports conventional procedures, it also reveals new quantization procedures that, among several examples, permit nontrivial quantization of scalar field models such as ϕ n 4 for every spacetime dimension n ≥ 2.
Chapter 17 Metabolism and Potassium

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the two mechanisms, blood flow and carbohydrate metabolism. Potassium (K) very likely exerts a regulatory influence on muscle blood flow during exercise. The resulting increase of muscle blood flow subserves the delivery of chemical substrates for contraction and facilitates the removal of heat and metabolites from the working muscle cells. A second metabolic effect relates to the role of K ions in carbohydrate metabolism, especially that of glycogen synthesis. As skeletal muscle occupies such a large proportion of total body mass in health, several investigators examined the role of K on carbohydrate metabolism in that tissue. The observation that venous K concentration was considerably less than the interstitial fluid K concentration represents an effect of mixing between interstitial fluid and capillary fluid and the reaccumulation of K ions from interstitial fluid back into muscle cells. These observations suggested that K release from contracting muscle cells is probably not simply a biological accident but rather represents a physiological mechanism contributing toward regulation of muscle blood flow during exercise.
Intracellular distribution of zinc and zinc-65 in calves receiving high but nontoxic amounts of zinc.

Abstract The zinc homeostatic control breakdown in cattle fed a high but nontoxic among of zinc was investigated. Liver copper was decreased by the 600 ppm added dietary zinc indicating altered copper metabolism. However, duodenal copper, liver and duodenal iron and manganese were not affected. Zinc-65 in blood was reduced 90% by the high dietary zinc 48 h following oral zinc-65 dosing. The 600 ppm supplemental zinc increased zinc by 500% in liver, 20 times in pancreas and kidney, and 100% in the duodenum. The increased liver and duodenal zinc was confined largely to the soluble cell fraction. This concentrating of excess tissue zinc in the soluble fraction may be an adaptive mechanism which detoxifies large quantities of zinc and prevents disruption of normal cellular activity.
William J. Berg. Literature and Painting in Quebec: From Imagery to Identity

Following the model of his 2007 book Imagery and Ideology: Fiction and Painting in Nineteenth-Century France, William J. Berg’s latest project takes on the even larger task of offering an overarchi...
Highlights of the meeting of the Hydrology Section Executive Committee

The meetings of Hydrology Section Executive Committee report on the details of the processes of the Section's activities and provide a forum for discussion of issues in the development of the hydrologic sciences. The most visible Section activities occur at the Fall and Spring Meetings. The Hydrology Section continues to grow in participation at the Fall Meeting. At the 1996 Fall Meeting, approximately 800 Hydrology Section abstracts were presented. As the Fall Meeting continues to grow overall for the Union, members can anticipate a growing percentage of posters. The Spring Meeting is a well-attended activity of the Section. Unfortunately, participation in the Spring Meeting by certain sections of the AGU is quite low. The Union's Meetings Committee is actively seeking to maintain the ail-Union character of the Spring Meeting.