cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Formula diet alters small intestine morphology, microbial abundance and reduces VE-cadherin and IL-10 expression in neonatal porcine model

Breastfeeding is associated with a variety of positive health outcomes in children and is recommended exclusively for the first 6 months of life; however, 50–70 % of infants in the US are formula-fed. To test the hypothesis that immune system development and function in neonates and infants are significantly influenced by diet, 2-day old piglets were fed soy or milk formula (n = 6/group/gender) until day 21 and compared to a sow-fed group (n = 6/gender). Histomorphometric analyses of ileum, jejunum and Peyer’s patches were carried out, to determine the inflammation status, mRNA and protein expression of pro-inflammatory, anti-inflammatory and growth-related chemokines and cytokines. In formula-fed animals, increases in ileum and jejunum villus height and crypt depth were observed in comparison to sow-fed animals (jejunum, p < 0.01 villus height, p < 0.04 crypt depth; ileum p < 0.001 villus height, p < 0.002 crypt depth). In formula-fed the lymphoid follicle size (p < 0.01) and germinal centers (p < 0.01) with in the Peyer’s patch were significantly decreased in comparison to sow-fed, indicating less immune education. In ileum, formula diet induced significant up-regulation of AMCFII, IL-8, IL-15, VEGFA, LIF, FASL, CXCL11, CCL4, CCL25 and down-regulation of IL-6, IL-9, IL-10, IL-27, IFNA4, CSF3, LOC100152038, and LOC100736831 at the transcript level. We have confirmed some of the mRNA data by measuring protein, and significant down-regulation of anti-inflammatory molecule IL-10 in comparison to sow-fed piglets was observed. To further determine the membrane protein expression in the ileum, VE-cadherin, occludin, and claudin-3, Western blot analyses were conducted. Sow fed piglets showed significantly more VE-Cadherin, which associated with levels of calcium, and putrescine measured. It is possible that differences in GI tract and immune development are related to shifts in the microbiome; notably, there were 5-fold higher amounts of Lactobacillaceae spp and 3 fold higher Clostridia spp in the sow fed group in comparison to milk formula-fed piglets, whereas in milk formula-fed pigs Enterobacteriaceae spp was 5-fold higher. In conclusion, formula diet alters GI morphology, microbial abundance, intestinal barrier protein VE-cadherin and anti-inflammatory molecule IL-10 expression. Further characterization of formula effects could lead to modification of infant formula to improve immune function, reduce inflammation and prevent conditions such as allergies and infections.
Geometric Evaporator Enhancements of an Oscillating Heat Pipe

The oscillating heat pipe (OHP) is a passive two-phase cooling device that is capable of transferring large amounts of thermal energy. Previous research conducted on OHPs indicates that it is a viable option for developing high-heat flux cooling requirements, particularly in the field of electronics cooling. OHPs consist of evaporator, adiabatic, and condenser sections connected by multiple interconnected meandering channels. A two-phase working fluid, in this study acetone, fills the channels and acts as the heat transfer medium. The focus of this study is to further the development of OHPs to improve performance and operation by conducting a comparison between two different evaporator geometries. The first was a traditional straight channel geometry. The second consisted of circular pins centered in the channels with circular cavities surrounding the pins to allow fluid flow. The results of this study showed that the traditional straight channel configuration preformed best. The lowest fill ratio, 35%, performed best for all cases. The lowest thermal resistance observed was 0.11 K/W for the straight channels, and 0.16 K/W for the enhanced channels. The enhanced channels likely did not improve the performance because of an increase in pressure drop through the evaporator section.© 2015 ASME
Proposed OS&E Requirement: Measuring Ozone Dosage

Dear Editor,A frequent irritation over 25 years as an editorial board member of Ozone: Science & Engineering is submissions that use the period of ozonation as a measure of ozone dosage. I believe ...
Effects of Early Weaning on Rabbit Doe Productivity

Abstract To evaluate the effects of early weaning on doe productivity in terms of numbers and weights of kits born, 12 cages were assigned to each of three weaning schedules [1 d, 14 d, or 28 d postpartum (Tmt 1d, Tmt 14d, and Tmt 28d, respectively)]. A total of 115 New Zealand White does were used. All does were rebred the day after kindling and were replaced with nulliparous does when they became unproductive. After 722 d, more litters had been produced in the Tmt 1d cages than in the Tmt 14d and 28d cages (16.8 ± .6 vs. 15.5 ± .5 and 15.2 ± .4, respectively, P
Influence of the supervisory working alliance on supervisee work satisfaction and work-related stress.

This article presents an empirical study that identified agency supervisees' perceptions of clinical supervision and its influence on work satisfaction and work-related stress in professional settings. Because there is a paucity of literature addressing supervision of professional counselors, there is a need to better understand what influence supervision has beyond academic settings. Participants were 71 members of the American Mental Health Counseling Association who were selected using a criterion-based random sample methodology. The methodology pulls together a unique combination of variables and instruments for exploration with professional mental health counselors. Results revealed relationships between work setting, supervisees' perceptions of the supervisory working alliance, work satisfaction, and work-related stress variables. Implications for practice, training, and research are discussed.
AGE-RAGE interaction in the TGFβ2-mediated epithelial to mesenchymal transition of human lens epithelial cells

Basement membrane (BM) proteins accumulate chemical modifications with age. One such modification is glycation, which results in the formation of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs). In a previous study, we reported that AGEs in the human lens capsule (BM) promote the TGFβ2-mediated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of lens epithelial cells, which we proposed as a mechanism for posterior capsule opacification (PCO) or secondary cataract formation. In this study, we investigated the role of a receptor for AGEs (RAGE) in the TGFβ2-mediated EMT in a human lens epithelial cell line (FHL124). RAGE was present in FHL124 cells, and its levels were unaltered in cells cultured on either native or AGE-modified BM or upon treatment with TGFβ2. RAGE overexpression significantly enhanced the TGFβ2-mediated EMT responses in cells cultured on AGE-modified BM compared with the unmodified matrix. In contrast, treatment of cells with a RAGE antibody or EN-RAGE (an endogenous ligand for RAGE) resulted in a significant reduction in the TGFβ2-mediated EMT response. This was accompanied by a reduction in TGFβ2-mediated Smad signaling and ROS generation. These results imply that the interaction of matrix AGEs with RAGE plays a role in the TGFβ2-mediated EMT of lens epithelial cells and suggest that the blockade of RAGE could be a strategy to prevent PCO and other age-associated fibrosis.
Meïr Goldschmidt and the main currents in 19th-century Judaism

Although the noted nineteenth-century Danish-Jewish writer Meir Goldschmidt (1819–1887) made his entry into literature with a novel on Jewish themes, his later novels treated non-Jewish subjects, and his Jewish heritage appeared progressively to recede into the background of his public image. Literary historians have paid little attention to his complex perception of his own Jewishness and have made no effort to discover the immense significance he himself felt that Judaism had for his life and for his literary works. Moreover, no previous study has comprehensively treated Goldschmidt’s far-reaching network of interrelationships with an astonishing number of other major Jewish cultural figures of nineteenth-century Europe. During his restless travels crisscrossing Europe, which were facilitated by his phenomenal knowledge of the major European languages, he habitually sought out and associated with the leading Jewish figures in literature, the arts, journalism, and religion, but this fact and the resulting mutually influential connections he formed have been overlooked and ignored. This is the first focused and documented study of the Jewish aspect of Goldschmidt’s life, so vitally important to Goldschmidt himself and so indispensable to a complete understanding of his place in Danish and in world literatures.
Prostate cancer: who to screen, and what the results mean.

Long-term survival of patients with prostate cancer is inversely proportional to the extent of disease at diagnosis. Patients with known risk factors for the development of prostate cancer may be particularly well-suited for screening. The combination of digital rectal exam and serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) level results in higher cancer detection rates and positive predictive values than either test alone. PSA levels 10 ng/ml are presumed to have prostate cancer until proven otherwise. Using PSA density or PSA rate of change can increase the diagnostic accuracy of the serum PSA level in the 4 to 10 ng/ml range. Despite the ability of screening tests to detect prostate cancer, no trial has tested the impact of screening on survival.
Fly ash amended pervious concrete: a laboratory study on removal potential for inorganic contaminants

Pervious concrete is a recognised best management practice. This study investigated the removal efficiencies of various pervious concrete formulations when exposed to total suspended solids, Pb2+, Cl−, SO42−, NO3−, and PO43− via simulated rainfall events. The results showed substantial total suspended solids, Pb2+, and PO43− removal. Removal rates as high as 72%, 36%, and 43% were observed for PO43−, Pb2+, and total suspended solids, respectively. Removal efficiencies of total suspended solids, Cl−, SO42−, and NO3− were not largely influenced by formulation. However, both Pb2+ and PO43− removal were formulation dependent. Analysis of the void space in each individual pervious concrete cylinder was performed and compared to removal efficiency data. Surprisingly, no significant relationship existed between removal of potential contaminants and void space. Pervious concrete can aid in improving water quality of urban runoff.
4. The Extreme Ultra-Violet Spectrum of the Sun

The present state of knowledge of the spectrum of the sun from 3000 A to 170 A is critically reviewed. The characteristics of the different photographic and photoelectric spectroscopic instruments and the results are summarized and compared. Topics covered are line identifications, intensities, the continuum and its origin, the sun's surface in Lyman alpha, the profiles of H and K of Mg II, Lyman alpha and beta, and monitoring work conducted from rockets and satellites, including OSO-I.
Survey Highlights Differences In Medicaid Coverage For Substance Use Treatment And Opioid Use Disorder Medications

The Affordable Care Act requires state Medicaid programs to cover substance use disorder treatment for their Medicaid expansion population but allows states to decide which individual services are reimbursable. To examine how states have defined substance use disorder benefit packages, we used data from 2013–14 that we collected as part of an ongoing nationwide survey of state Medicaid programs. Our findings highlight important state-level differences in coverage for substance use disorder treatment and opioid use disorder medications across the United States. Many states did not cover all levels of care required for effective substance use disorder treatment or medications required for effective opioid use disorder treatment as defined by American Society of Addiction Medicine criteria, which could result in lack of access to needed services for low-income populations.
Ammonia volatilization losses were small after mowing field peas in dry conditions

Engel, R., Jones, C. and Wallander, R. 2013. Ammonia volatilization losses were small after mowing field peas in dry conditions. Can. J. Soil Sci. 93: 239-242. Ammonia losses following termination of peas (Pisum sativum L.) by mowing were measured using a micrometeorological mass-balance approach. Field trials were conducted during two seasons in a semiarid climate. Plant N in the above ground biomass was 105 and 79 kg N ha-1 in 2011 and 2012, respectively. Vertical NH3 flux estimates were nominal (0.3 to 1.7 g N ha-1 h-1) in the 2 wk following mowing. Cumulative NH3 loss represented 0.3 to 0.5% of the N in plant biomass, indicating that N fertility was not diminished by NH3 volatilization in this dry climate.
Functional limit theorems for a new class of non-stationary shot noise processes

Abstract We study a class of non-stationary shot noise processes which have a general arrival process of noises with non-stationary arrival rate and a general shot shape function. Given the arrival times, the shot noises are conditionally independent and each shot noise has a general (multivariate) cumulative distribution function (c.d.f.) depending on its arrival time. We prove a functional weak law of large numbers and a functional central limit theorem for this new class of non-stationary shot noise processes in an asymptotic regime with a high intensity of shot noises, under some mild regularity conditions on the shot shape function and the conditional (multivariate) c.d.f. We discuss the applications to a simple multiplicative model (which includes a class of non-stationary compound processes and applies to insurance risk theory and physics) and the queueing and work-input processes in an associated non-stationary infinite-server queueing system. To prove the weak convergence, we show new maximal inequalities and a new criterion of existence of a stochastic process in the space D given its consistent finite dimensional distributions, which involve a finite set function with the superadditive property.
Self-Forgiveness as a Critical Factor in Addiction and Recovery: A 12-Step Model Perspective

The interplay between resentment and forgiveness is a central component of the 12-Step model of addiction and recovery; however, little work has empirically examined this largely anecdotal assumpti...
Ethylene causes transcriptomic changes in Synechocystis during phototaxis

Ethylene is well known as a plant hormone, but its role in bacteria is poorly studied. We recently showed that Synechocystis sp. Strain PCC 6803 has a functional receptor for ethylene, ethylene response 1 (Etr1), that is involved in various processes such as phototaxis in response to directional light and biofilm formation. Here, we use RNA sequencing to examine the changes in gene transcripts caused by ethylene under phototaxis conditions. Over 500 gene transcripts across many functional categories, of approximately 3700 protein-encoding genes, were altered by application of ethylene. In general, ethylene caused both up- and downregulation of genes within a functional category. However, the transcript levels of amino acid metabolism genes were mainly upregulated and cell envelope genes were mostly downregulated by ethylene. The changes in cell envelope genes correlate with our prior observation that ethylene affects cell surface properties to alter cell motility. Ethylene caused a twofold or more change in 62 transcripts with the largest category of upregulated genes annotated as transporters and the largest category of downregulated genes annotated as glycosyltransferases which sometimes are involved in changing the composition of sugars on the cell surface. Consistent with changes in cell envelope, glycosyltransferase, and transporter gene transcripts, application of ethylene altered the levels of specific sugar moieties on the surface of cells. Light signaling from Etr1 involves two proteins (Slr1213 and Slr1214) and a small, noncoding RNA, carbon stress-induced RNA1 (csiR1). Application of ethylene caused a rapid, but transient, decrease in the transcript levels of etr1, slr1213, and slr1214 and a rapid and prolonged decrease in csiR1 transcript. Deletion of Slr1214 caused a large increase in csiR1 transcript levels and ethylene lowered csiR1 transcript. These data combined with prior reports indicate that ethylene functions as a signal to affect a variety of processes altering the physiology of Synechocystis cells.
They’re just trying to keep a black man down: the (not so) curious case of R. Kelly

One of the more striking aspects of the recent national focus on sexual harassment and assault in the media industries is the seriousness, swiftness, and severity with which the claims brought cond...
Reasoning about fluid motion I: finding structures

With the increasing role of high performance computing in attacking complex physical problems, there is an urgent need for the development of advanced computational technology to provide scientists with high-level assistance in the analysis, interpretation, and modeling of a massive amount of quantitative data. A critical area where this need is quite evident is the problem of turbulence. The overall research goal is to develop a computational environment to help scientists efficiently make observations and conceptual models of turbulence data sets. This paper presents the progress of this project. My approach is based on two key ideas: (1) Local interactions and evolution of coherent objects like vortices enable high-level qualitative interpretation of turbulence data, and (2) Abstracting from the particular features of fluid dynamical reasoning, 1 propose five core operations - aggregation, classification, re-description, spatial inference, and configuration change - as part of a general theory of imagistic reasoning. A new vortex-finding algorithm is also presented.
High Tech Versus High Touch: The Role of Human Intermediation in Information-Intensive Services

In this research, we propose a conceptual framework useful for designing service delivery channels for certain types of information-intensive services. Using an operations management viewpoint, the proposed framework focuses on the complementary roles of information technology (tech) and human intermediation (touch) in the production and delivery of consumer services. We apply the proposed framework for designing delivery channels to retail banking services and discuss how human intermediation can be critically important and useful for improving information- and customer contact-intensive services.
Callicebus moloch ornatus ♂ (Orabussu titi). Callicebus moloch cupreus ♀ (Red titi)

Karyotypes of the two titis came from lymphocyte cultures and are the gifts of Dr. L.E.M. de Boer, Holland. The two subspecies have identical karyotypes. The C. m. ornatus male is the only specimen studied; but numerous examples of C. m. cupreus have been examined with similar results. No complete agreement exists as to the identity of X and no late replication studies have been published. The X of the related C. torquatus is unequivocally metacentric rather than submetacentric. C. m. donacophilus also has a similar karyotype.
Time resolved x-ray measurements of polaron dynamics of charge-reordered Nd/sub 1/2/Sr/sub 1/2/MnO/sub 3/

Summary form only given. The hole doped perovskite manganese oxide materials have recently received much attention due to fascinating phenomena such as colossal magnetoresistance (CMR). We seek to better understand the strong correlation physics of the CMR materials by time-resolving the dynamic response of electron, lattice and spin. We specifically investigate role of the dynamic structural distortion in the phase transition of the CMR materials. It has been proposed that the coupling of electrons to lattice distortion is crucial for understanding the CMR materials. However, the dynamics of the lattice distortions and their coupling to electronic transitions have not been addressed experimentally to date.
On the Use of Word and Context Based Information Sources Evaluated by Oral Reading Error Analysis

The extent to which children attend to words versus context as they learn to read has not been fully determined. Currently, two conflicting views of the course of normal reading development make quite different predictions on this issue. The first is the view of top-down modellers of the reading process (Goodman, 1969; Smith, 1978). These researchers posit that reading, specifically word perception, is facilitated by the language redundancies of the text. This conceptually driven view is supported by the information processing studies of the late 60’s and early 70’s which demonstrated a variety of context effects, and sought to establish the psychological reality of various extra-word units from the phrase (Levin & Kaplan, 1970) to the clause (Fodor & Bever, 1965) and the paragraph (Koen, Becker & Young, 1969). The strong version of this position is stated by Goodman (1976) who believes that words derive their meaning from context to the extent that accurate word perception is not crucial to the development of reading skill.
Functional Restoration of Salivary Glands After Radiotherapy: Roles of Wnt and Hedgehog Pathways

Many head and neck cancer survivors treated with radiotherapy suffer from permanent impairment of their salivary gland function, which significantly compromises their quality of life. This condition is caused by lack of regeneration following radiation damage due to loss of functional stem/progenitor cells and deterioration of the microenvironment. Current treatments such as artificial saliva and saliva secretion stimulators can only temporarily relieve the symptoms. Wnt and Hedgehog intercellular pathways are highly conserved during evolution and regulates regeneration or repair of various tissues after injury. We found recently that both Wnt and Hedgehog signalling activities are marginal in adult salivary gland but significantly upregulated during their functional regeneration after physical injury and promote expansion of salivary stem/progenitor cells, while radiation does not activate Wnt pathway in salivary gland. Transient activation of Wnt pathway prevented radiation-induced hyposalivation through inhibition of apoptosis and maintenance of salivary stem/progenitor cell populations.
Regulated expression and function of CD122 (interleukin-2/interleukin-15R-β) during lymphoid development

To determine whether signaling via CD122 (interleukin-2 [IL-2]/IL-15 receptor β-chain) plays a role in regulating the expansion and differentiation of lymphocyte precursors, we have characterized its expression and evaluated its ability to influence the activity of developing lymphoid cells. A significant fraction of Sca1^+Lin^- hematopoietic stem cells in day 12 fetal liver were found to be CD122^+. CD122-mRNA^+ and IL-2-mRNA^+ cells were also localized in embryo sections within pharyngeal blood vessels adjacent to and surrounding the thymic analgen. This distribution is consistent with the migration of CD122^+ progenitor cells from the liver to the developing thymus where a majority of Sca1^+ intrathymic T-cell progenitors were CD122^+. Analysis of CD122 expression in the day 12 fetal liver revealed that the majority of B220^+ cells were CD122^+. Furthermore, CD122 expression was restricted to the earliest B220^+ cells (CD43^+CD24^-; prepro B cells; fraction A) that proliferate vigorously to IL-2 in the absence of any stromal cells, but not to IL-15. Consistent with a role for the IL-2/IL- 2R pathway in lymphocyte development is the progressive loss of B cells seen in IL-2-deficient mice. Together, these observations suggest that CD122 plays a role in regulating normal lymphocyte development in vivo.
Edible hybrid microbial-electronic sensors for bleeding detection and beyond

Edible electronic devices are orally deployable electrified medical devices that have great potential to diagnose and treat many types of diseases. Interest in edible electronic devices has accelerated in recent years for several reasons. First, the role of gut health on overall health is becoming apparent.
Divergent Discourse in Disproportionality Research: A Response to Kauffman and Anastasiou (2019):

This article is in response to Kauffman and Anastasiou, wherein the authors initiate discussion regarding the cultural politics within special education identification and placement, particularly s...
Flipping Unplugged: An Experience Report

This Research-To-Practice Full Paper discusses the use of the flipped classroom format. Within the CS community, numerous papers discussing the use of flipped classrooms have appeared in recent years. We discuss the use of flipped classroom techniques without requiring the use of modern digital technology. We argue that the principal goals of flipped classrooms do not a priori require such technologies, and that instructors should not feel limited by a lack of access to technology when considering flipped classroom designs. This paper gives an experience report regarding the use of “unplugged” flipped classroom techniques in a computing history and ethics course over the last ten years.
Results from NASA Langley Experimental Studies of Multiaxis Thrust Vectoring Nozzles

Multiaxis thrust-vectoring nozzles can furnish substantial combat performance gains for military aircraft; in pursuit of these gains, NASA-Langley has conducted an extensive experimental research program encompassing both static and freestream performance evaluations for numerous multiaxis thrust-vectoring nozzle concepts using air-powered simulation models. An evaluation is presently made of a selection of these experimental results. Two-dimensional and axisymmetric convergent-divergent configurations and hybrid configurations, with and without postexit vanes, have been studied.
"This is Not Normal": Ability, Gender, and Age in the Resistance to Trumpism

Since Donald Trump's formal emergence on the national political stage in 2015, many of his detractors have argued that Trump somehow belongs outside of American presidential and political history and divorced from the structural inequalities that facilitated his rise. Taking Trump as "abnormal," as the ubiquitous slogan "This is not normal" clearly does, his critics have regularly resorted to a politics of mockery, principally of pathologization, emasculation, and infantilization—fixating on his hair, hands, weight, immaturity, and even his penis size. These criticisms thereby judge Trump against a fictive, masculine, able-bodied standard of American presidential leadership, leveraging language used to stigmatize the very groups Trump's presidency stands to harm the most. The phenomenon of Trumpism, then, appears not only in the president's demagoguery, which deems certain populations suspect and deserving of surveillance, punishment, and perhaps expulsion (or even extermination); it also reveals itself in responses to such demagoguery. The present essay analyzes the ableism implicit in criticisms of Trump's masculine deficiency, physical abnormality, intellectual incapacity, and childishness. We illuminate the stakes and consequences of these criticisms and conclude by advocating for a more inclusive counterpolitics that empowers, rather than stigmatizes, the historically dispossessed groups which will suffer most acutely under Trump's revanchist regime.
Apoptosis during HIV infection. A cytopathic effect of HIV or an important host-defense mechanism against viruses in general?

After several years of searching for an acceptable explanation for the early immune dysfunction seen in HIV-positive individuals with normal CD4 counts, recent reports indicate that these defects may be due to the inappropriate triggering of activation-induced cell death or apoptosis in T cells from such individuals whenstimulated with specific antigen or certain mitogens (Groux et al., 1992; Meyaard et al., 1992; Gougeon and Montagnier, 1992; Oyaizu et al., 1993). Thus, the progressive depletion of the CD4+ T cell population during HIV infection may be rationally explained as a sequential loss of antigen responsiveness as the patient encounters individual antigens and each clone of specific T cells are deleted. In this model of HIV pathogenesis, the virus is thought to somehow prime T cells for apoptosis, either as a result of gaining entry to the cell, by binding of a viral component or antibodies elicited by such components to the cell, or by causing dysregulation of the cytokine network. This model has provoked much interest, not least because apoptosis is widely perceived as a ‘special’ form of cell death since there appears to be a cellular apparatus which, once activated, is concerned with killing the cell from within (Duvall and Wyllie, 1985; Martin et al., 1994a). The fact that such an apparatus exists has raised the possibility that it may be open to manipulation, making it possible to delay or even prevent cell death in some cases. However, whether inhibition of T cell apoptosis during HIV infection (if this is indeed possible) would necessarily be of benefit to a HIV-infected individual depends entirely on whether one percieves the apoptosis recorded in this context to be a beneficial or deleterious consequence of viral infection.
Muscle activation during maximum voluntary contraction and m-wave related in healthy but not in injured conditions: Implications when normalizing electromyography.

Abstract Background Electromyography signal amplitude is influenced by a variety of factors. Normalization strategies aimed at decreasing signal variability include using peak electromyography signal during a maximum voluntary contraction and peak-to-peak M-wave amplitude. However, whether these normalization methods are comparable has not been investigated in injured populations. This study investigated the relationship between peak signal during maximum voluntary contraction and M-wave amplitude in individuals with a unilateral Achilles tendon rupture. Secondarily, we observed whether the two normalizations strategies would yield similar results when evaluating between limb differences in muscle activity during a jump task. Methods Eleven individuals 1–3 years after a unilateral Achilles tendon rupture were included in this study. Surface electromyography was used on the medial and lateral gastrocnemii bilaterally. Peak maximum voluntary contraction, M-wave amplitude, and electromyography during a jumping task were collected. Findings A strong relationship was observed between peak maximum voluntary contraction and M-wave amplitude on the uninjured (r = 0.71–0.88, P 0.05). The two normalization techniques did not produce different results when comparing the uninjured and ruptured sides. Interpretation The findings of this study suggest that M-wave normalization yields similar results as peak maximum voluntary contraction-normalized electromyography in uninjured conditions. M-wave normalization may be a useful strategy in an injured population where a maximal muscle contraction is unsafe or impaired.
Acute Antibody-Mediated Rejection of Transplantation with Negative Prospective Crossmatch Results

This case illustrates there will always be additional factors present that can interfere with successful transplantation When an unexpected acute/hyper acute rejection occurs, all data are reviewed and results of all donor specific antibodies (DSA) and fluorescence cytometric crossmatch (FCXM) are recollected, even if a particular DSA was elevated only once and many years ago If there is a more suitable recipient available for the donor, then it might be reasonable to defer the donor to those who do not have DSA or positive FCXM, even if positive only in the remote past
Preventing Cauliflower Ear With a Modified Tie-Through Technique

In brief: Hematoma following trauma to the external ear is a common problem among wrestlers and boxers. If the hematoma is not treated promptly, infection, fibrosis, scarring, and calcification may develop, leading to the gross deformity known as cauliflower ear or wrestler's ear. Evacuation of the hematoma followed by compression of the auricle is commonly regarded as the treatment of choice. However, fluid frequently reaccumulates after this procedure. The authors describe a tie-through suture technique in which a collodion packing is secured to the auricle with two buttons. Multiple treatments for fluid reaccumulation are rarely necessary when this technique is used.
Structural response of α-quartz under plate-impact shock compression

Because of its far-reaching applications in geophysics and materials science, quartz has been one of the most extensively examined materials under dynamic compression. Despite 50 years of active research, questions remain concerning the structure and transformation of SiO2 under shock compression. Continuum gas-gun studies have established that under shock loading quartz transforms through an assumed mixed-phase region to a dense high-pressure phase. While it has often been assumed that this high-pressure phase corresponds to the stishovite structure observed in static experiments, there have been no crystal structure data confirming this. In this study, we use gas-gun shock compression coupled with in situ synchrotron x-ray diffraction to interrogate the crystal structure of shock-compressed α-quartz up to 65 GPa. Our results reveal that α-quartz undergoes a phase transformation to a disordered metastable phase as opposed to crystalline stishovite or an amorphous structure, challenging long-standing assumptions about the dynamic response of this fundamental material.
On what do therapists agree? Assessing therapist evaluations of emotion regulation strategy effectiveness.

OBJECTIVE To develop more unified, process-based, and disseminable psychotherapy treatments, it is important to determine whether there is consensus among therapists regarding intervention strategies. DESIGN Because emotion regulation is a cornerstone of modern treatments and a thriving area of clinical research, we assessed therapists' ratings of the effectiveness of commonly studied emotion regulation strategies. METHODS Therapists (n = 582) read eleven vignettes describing stressful scenarios and rated the effectiveness of ten emotion regulation strategies in each scenario. RESULTS Across therapists, we found general consensus regarding the most (i.e., problem-solving) and least (i.e., concealing emotions) effective strategies. Cognitive/behavioural/third-wave therapists rated acceptance and distraction as more effective, and emotional expression and gathering information as less effective, than other therapists, Fs> 4.20, ps < .05, whereas hours of clinical experience were generally unrelated to strategy effectiveness ratings. CONCLUSIONS We discuss what these points of agreement and relative disagreement among therapists reveal about a more unified, process-based treatment approach and how these results can guide emotion regulation research. PRACTITIONER POINTS There is general consensus among practising therapists that problem-solving is the most effective emotion regulation strategy and expressive suppression is the least effective. However, CBT-oriented therapists rated acceptance and distraction as more effective than non-CBT-oriented therapists. Non-CBT-oriented therapists rated emotional expression and gathering information as more effective than CBT-oriented therapists. Years of experience were unrelated to ratings of emotion regulation strategy effectiveness.
LOW 60 FE ABUNDANCE IN SEMARKONA AND SAHARA 99555

Iron-60 (t1/2 = 2.62 Myr) is a short-lived nuclide that can help constrain the astrophysical context of Solar System formation and date early Solar System events. A high abundance of 60Fe(60Fe/56Fe ≈ 4 × 10−7) was reported by in situ techniques in some chondrules from the LL3.00 Semarkona meteorite, which was taken as evidence that a supernova exploded in the vicinity of the birthplace of the Sun. However, our previous multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICPMS) measurements of a wide range of meteoritic materials, including chondrules, showed that 60Fe was present in the early Solar System at a much lower level (60Fe/56Fe ≈ 10−8). The reason for the discrepancy is unknown but only two Semarkona chondrules were measured by MC-ICPMS and these had Fe/Ni ratios below ~2× chondritic. Here, we show that the initial 60Fe/56Fe ratio in Semarkona chondrules with Fe/Ni ratios up to ~24× chondritic is (5.39 ± 3.27) × 10−9. We also establish the initial 60Fe/56Fe ratio at the time of crystallization of the Sahara 99555 angrite, a chronological anchor, to be (1.97 ± 0.77) × 10−9. These results demonstrate that the initial abundance of 60Fe at Solar System birth was low, corresponding to an initial 60Fe/56Fe ratio of (1.01 ± 0.27) × 10−8.
The Sleep Paradox: A Retrospective Exploration into Sleeplessness and Aberrant Sleep Patterns to Gain Insights into Entrepreneurial Psychology and Behaviour:

The need for sleep has important implications for entrepreneurship. Researchers have come to understand that sleep insufficiency affects creativity, innovation, self-control and operational efficac...
Behavioral impacts on residential food provisioning, use, and waste during the COVID-19 pandemic

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic caused unprecedented disruptions to food systems, leading to both food shortages and food waste across the supply chain. These disruptions have, in turn, altered how people consume and then ultimately discard food. To better understand these impacts, their underlying drivers, and their sustainability implications, this study surveyed U.S. consumers about food purchasing, use, and waste behaviors during the pandemic. Survey respondents reported an increase in overall food purchases and a slight decrease in food waste generation due to the pandemic, but the linkages between these outcomes and underlying behaviors were complex. For instance, reduced household food waste was significantly correlated with an increase in behaviors such as meal planning, preserving foods, and using leftovers and shelf-stable items. On the other hand, behaviors aimed at self-sufficiency, including bulk purchasing and stockpiling, were significantly correlated with increased food purchase, which in turn led to increased waste. Results may offer insight for future resource and waste management strategies. For example, over 60% of respondents who started or increased efficient food use behaviors stated an intent to continue these activities after the pandemic. In contrast, less than 10% of respondents reported that they began or increased separating or composting food waste during the pandemic, and many stopped altogether due to suspension of local curbside composting services. Findings suggest that it may be easier to shift food consumption and use behaviors but more challenging to alter food waste separation behaviors, particularly those influenced by external factors, such as infrastructure that may be vulnerable to disruption. Identifying ways to facilitate ongoing behavior change and foster robust food waste management systems can contribute to resilience of food systems now and once the immediate threat of the pandemic has subsided.
Brand Political Positioning: Implications of the 2016 US Presidential Election

The heightened polarization in the US political landscape and the increased emphasis on personal values and identity in politics create important externalities affecting the functioning of commercial entities in the marketplace. We discuss the construct of a brand’s political positioning—the extent to which the perceptual profile (brand image) of a commercial entity aligns with the perceptual profile of a major political party—and show its effects on firm valuation and sales in the aftermath of the 2016 US presidential election. We propose a mechanism to explain the observed performance effects—consumers’ shifting preferences toward (away from) the brands perceptually associated with the winning (losing) political party. We present evidence supporting this mechanism: the documented valuation effects are stronger for consumer-facing firms, the sales react immediately after the election (fourth quarter of 2016), and the firm value is tied to the public sentiment toward the political entity to which the corporate brand is perceptually similar.
Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists and Cardiovascular Health with Kidney Failure.

In patients receiving hemodialysis in 2018, the reported prevalence of cardiovascular disease was 77%, with heart failure being one of the most common diagnoses ([1][1]). Nevertheless, the management of cardiovascular disease in the setting of kidney failure presents an ongoing challenge. Despite
Fate of Salmonella and Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli on Wheat Grain.

ABSTRACT Wheat flour has been connected to outbreaks of foodborne illnesses with increased frequency in recent years, specifically, outbreaks involving Salmonella enterica and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC). However, there is little information regarding the survival of these pathogens on wheat grain during long-term storage in a low-moisture environment. This study aims to evaluate the long-term survival of these enteric pathogens on wheat grain over the course of a year. Hard red spring wheat was inoculated with strains of four serovars of Salmonella (Enteritidis, Agona, Tennessee, and Montevideo) and six serotypes of EHEC (O157:H7, O26:H11, O121:H19, O45:NM, O111:H8, and O103:H2) in triplicate, sealed in Mylar bags to maintain the water activity, and stored at room temperature (22 ± 1°C). The survival of each pathogen was evaluated by plating onto differential media. Viable counts of strains from all four serovars of Salmonella (Enteritidis, Agona, Tennessee, and Montevideo) were detected on wheat grain stored at room temperature (22 ± 1°C) for the duration of the study (52 weeks). Viable counts of strains from EHEC serotypes O45:NM, O111:H8, and O26:H11 were only detected for 44 weeks, and strains from serotypes O157:H7, O121:H19, and O103:H2 were only detected for 40 weeks until they passed below the limit of detection (2.0 log CFU/g). The D-values were found to be significantly different between Salmonella and EHEC (adjusted P ≤ 0.05) with Salmonella D-values ranging from 22.9 ± 2.2 weeks to 25.2 ± 1.0 weeks and EHEC D-values ranging from 11.4 ± 0.6 weeks to 13.1 ± 1.8 weeks. There were no significant differences among the four Salmonella strains or among the six EHEC strains (adjusted P > 0.05). These observations highlight the wide range of survival capabilities of enteric pathogens in a low-moisture environment and confirm these pathogens are a food safety concern when considering the long shelf life of wheat grain and its products. HIGHLIGHTS
Potential benefits of new satellite sensors to wetland mapping

Simulated Thematic Mapper (TMS) data are compared with data from a simulated multispectral scanner to determine whether digital data from the Thematic Mapper on board Landsat will be adequate for wetland mapping. Also considered is the question whether the Thematic Mapper will in fact improve discrimination among wetland cover types. It is found that for the six cover types examined the Thematic Mapper has the greatest discriminatory power in the infrared wavelength range from 1.0 to 1.3 microns. A distinct separation was found between low marsh and high marsh species in the middle infrared band (TM5), and this is expected to assist in the inventory of wetland habitats in the future.
Optimal and Approximate Policies for Inventory Systems with Order Crossover

A common assumption in inventory analysis is that replenishment orders arrive in the same sequence in which they were placed. In practice, however, a variety of factors may cause orders to arrive out of sequence, a phenomenon known as order crossover. This paper analyzes a periodic review inventory system for a single item with discrete variable demand and discrete variable and long lead-times (relative to the review period). Under such a scenario, multiple orders are simultaneously outstanding, and orders may arrive in a different sequence than placed. If such order crossover occurs, traditional inventory analysis overstates expected shortages and standard inventory control policies are no longer optimal. This paper discusses why orders may cross over in practice and investigates the implications of order crossover to inventory management policies. We investigate the cost performance of optimal policies under order crossover and also suggest approximate policies which are easier to compute and implement. Both the optimal and approximate policies take advantage of detailed real-time information about the status of pending orders and goods in transit, and hence in a majority of cases perform better than commonly used policies which do not incorporate such information.
Phytotoxic conjugates of indole-3-acetic acid : potential agents for biochemical selection of mutants in conjugate hydrolysis

Two strategies for selection of plant mutants altered in their ability to hydrolyze IAA conjugates are described. The rationale for both strategies is to form a conjugate between two chemical moieties in which one moiety is a toxin. The first strategy makes use of a toxic auxin analogue. For this approach a series of halogenated IAA analogues were tested for toxic properties to Lemna gibba and Zea mays. Several halogenated analogues were toxic, but only 5-Br-IAA was highly toxic to both species. The second strategy required a toxic compound with suitable functional groups to allow IAA conjugation. The mycotoxin patulin was found to be a suitable candidate. Uptake and hydrolysis of IAA-conjugates was studied in order to better define the conditions required for conjugate analogues to be effectively employed for selections.
SOFC Anodes Based on Infiltration of La0.3Sr0.7TiO3

Composites formed by infiltration of 45 wt % La0.3Sr0.7TiO3 LST into 65% porous yttria-stabilized zirconia YSZ were examined for application as solid oxide fuel cell SOFC anodes. Although LST does not react with YSZ, the structure of the LST deposits was strongly affected by the calcination temperature. At 1373 K, the LST formed loosely packed, 0.1 m particles that filled the YSZ pores. The conductivity of this composite depended strongly on the pretreatment conditions but was greater than 0.4 S/cm after heating to 1173 K in humidified 3% H2O H2. Following calcination at 1573 K, the LST had sintered significantly, decreasing the conductivity of the composite by a factor of approximately 5. The addition of a catalyst was critical for achieving reasonable electrochemical performance, with the addition of 0.5 wt % Pd and 5 wt % ceria increasing the power density of otherwise identical cells from less than 20 to 780 mW/cm2 for operation in humidified 3% H2O H2 at 1073 K. Electrodes prepared from LST deposits calcined at 1373 K were found to exhibit a much better performance than those prepared from LST deposits calcined at 1573 K, demonstrating that the structure of the composite is critical for achieving high performance.