cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Imagery Instructions and the Comprehension of Text.

Summary. 119 fifth- and sixth-grade children read a 20-paragraph text, with half of the groups receiving a test immediately after reading. One week after learning, all children were given a delayed test. The tests measured both verbatim and semantic recall of questions seen during the initial reading. Half of the children received instructions to form mental pictures of the text events during learning. The remaining half of each group were merely told to read carefully. Control groups read only text or only text-related questions. Analysis of the pooled delay scores showed a decided superiority for learners receiving imagery instructions. The instructed children also recalled more semantic than verbatim test items. These data indicate that using image instructions with text material increases the amount of content remembered over time.
Promising copper alloys for high heat load applications in neutron environments

Four candidate copper alloys and two elemental coppers were irradiated in the Experimental Breeder Reactor to damage levels of about 3 and 15 dpa at 385°C. The irradiated and control samples were evaluated to determine swelling, room temperature tensile properties, transmutation product levels, and electrical resistivity. Transmission electron microscopy was used to characterize the damaged microstructures. Among the six materials studied, the alumina-dispersed copper alloys (Glidcop Al-20 and Al-60 sheet material) exhibited the best, overall resistance to fast neutron damage as they had minimal swelling and retained their original values of yield strength and electrical resistivity (corrected for transmuted elements) after irradiation. The two cold-worked and age-hardened alloys (AMZIRC and MZC) suffered loss of yield strength after irradiation at 385°C. The two elemental coppers and the AMZIRC alloy showed large swelling (3.6–6.8 vol%) due to void formation after the high neutron fluence. Further study is needed to understand microstructural alterations caused by neutron damage of the alumina-dispersed copper alloy.
ENERGY EXPENDITURES OF TERM INFANTS DETERMINED BY THE DOUBLY|[ndash]|LABELED WATER (2H218O) METHOD, INDIRECT CALORIMETRY, AND TEST|[ndash]|WEIGHING

Total daily energy expenditures (TDEE) of four exclusively breast-fed infants at 4 months of age were measured by the doubly-labeled water method. An oral dose of 300 mg of 18O and 200 mg of 2H2O/kg body weight was administered to these infants. Two baseline urine samples and two daily postdose urine samples were collected for 10-12 days. The 18O/16O and 2H/1H ratios of these urine samples were measured by isotope-ratio mass spectrometry. Diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT) and basal metabolic rates (BMR) of the sleeping infants were measured postprandially, 0-2 and 2-3 hr, respectively, by indirect calorimetry. Milk intakes of the infants were measured by the test-weighing technique. TDEE of the four infants averaged 69.0 ± 8.4 kcal/kg/d. DIT and BMR by indirect calorimetry averaged 0.5 and 49.3 ± 3.4 kcal/kg/d, respectively. Energy remaining for activity (activity = TDEE-DIT-BMR) in these infants averaged 19.2 ± 6.7 kcal/kg/d. Gross energy intake (0.67 kcal/g x milk intake, g/kg/d) was 79.4 ± 5.6 kcal/kg/d. Our preliminary results indicated that TDEE of these 4-month-old breast-fed infants was 87% of their daily gross energy intake. TDEE was partitioned into DIT (1%), BMR (71%), and activity (28%). The mean ratio of TDEE/BMR in these infants was 1.4 ± 0.1.
Minimally invasive thoracoscopic resection of paraspinal neurogenic tumors: technical case report.

OBJECTIVE: The posterior mediastinum is a common location for benign neurogenic tumors. They are frequently asymptomatic but can present with local compressive or neurological symptoms. METHODS: Thoracoscopy is used increasingly over posterolateral thoracotomy for the removal of these lesions. RESULTS: Complete resection of these tumors through a thoracoscopic approach is possible in most cases, but dumbbell tumors present as special challenges, which require a combined thoracoscopic and open posterior approach. CONCLUSION: In this article, we outline the technique of thoracoscopic resection of paraspinal neurogenic tumors through an operative video and a review of the literature to summarize the surgical outcomes of patients with these lesions.
The Impact of U.S.-Sponsored Foreign Trade Office Activities.

ABSTRACT Foreign trade offices (FTOs) are an important, little-understood element in the export promotion portfolio of U.S. state export promotion organizations. The value of these organizations is in dispute. In recent years California closed its FTOs in response to budgetary pressures, claiming that these organizations exist primarily to enhance the political standing of politicians rather than to act as effective export development tools. During the same period Washington State opened several new FTOs. Clearly the value of these organizations is in dispute. Another consideration in the effectiveness of U.S. exporters is the subnational contour of the American economic system. State business climates vary considerably, thereby influencing exporter success as well as those programs (such as FTOs) intended to improve firm performance. We hypothesize and find that (a) state entrepreneurial climate is positively related to state exports and (b) FTO network entry activities amplify the impact of state entrep...
Semi-automated based ground-truthing GUI for airborne imagery

Over the past several years, an enormous amount of airborne imagery consisting of various formats has been collected and will continue into the future to support airborne mine/minefield detection processes, improve algorithm development, and aid in imaging sensor development. The ground-truthing of imagery is a very essential part of the algorithm development process to help validate the detection performance of the sensor and improving algorithm techniques. The GUI (Graphical User Interface) called SemiTruth was developed using Matlab software incorporating signal processing, image processing, and statistics toolboxes to aid in ground-truthing imagery. The semi-automated ground-truthing GUI is made possible with the current data collection method, that is including UTM/GPS (Universal Transverse Mercator/Global Positioning System) coordinate measurements for the mine target and fiducial locations on the given minefield layout to support in identification of the targets on the raw imagery. This semi-automated ground-truthing effort has developed by the US Army RDECOM CERDEC Night Vision and Electronic Sensors Directorate (NVESD), Countermine Division, Airborne Application Branch with some support by the University of Missouri-Rolla.
“Coming Out” in a Feminist Classroom

Ideological differences in a writing class evoke the passion of political sensitivities. A graduate student tells of “coming out” as a pro-life advocate in an essay before his feminist classmates and professor. The exchange created instant and irreconcilable enemies, but he also found some unexpected support from a hesitant voice within that classroom.
Azimuthal anisotropy of velocity in the mantle lid beneath the Basin and Range province

THE Basin and Range province in western North America is one of the largest and best-studied regions of Cenozoic continental extension1,2, yet there is still considerable debate surrounding the geological history of the province, and the cause of the observed widespread rifting. Although recent geological and crustal geophysical observations2 constrain crustal-scale processes within the Basin and Range, more information is needed on the structure and rheology of the mantle part of the lithosphere (the mantle lid), to distinguish between competing geodynamic models1,2. Here we present seismic data showing an azimuthal variation of ∼3.2% in the P-wave velocity in the shallowest mantle beneath the Basin and Range. The direction of maximum seismic velocity coincides with the NW–SE direction of Neogene and present-day tectonic extension, suggesting that penetrative deformation associated with this extension has induced a preferred orientation of the minerals in the mantle lid. Our results thus imply that deformation associated with present-day surface rifting extends at least 30 km into the underlying mantle.
The Status and Chance of the Building Materials Industries in China's Urban Development

New urbanization is an important feature of China's development. The development of urbanization has a far-reaching effect on the building materials industries. The development of the building materials industries is closely interrelated with all of the national economy, and it is obviously affected by macro economy and investment in the fixed assets. In the national economy, building materials industries is an important basic one, and plays an important role in the course of the industrialization and urbanization of our country. Urbanization needs to speed up the upgrade of the building materials industries transition, and come true the new Chinese-style industry. In the building materials industries, there are still many problems, such as Low-level competition, high pressure in eliminating the backward, and so on. The building materials industries provide an important material foundation to fixed assets investment of the urbanization.
Characterization of electroformed nickel microstructures

Electroformed nickel resonators were constructed and tested in the temperature range of - 40 to 110 degrees C. The temperature sensitivities of the resonant frequencies are - 150 ppm/degrees C, - 200 ppm/degrees C, and - 3000 ppm/degrees C for cantilever beams, ring structures, and clamped-clamped bridges, respectively. The built-in stress for the bridge was estimated to be approximately 2 X 109 dyne/cm2. No resonant frequency shift was detected after long-term (over 60 days), large amplitude vibration. This implies that the electroformed nickel is a viable material for the construction of resonant mechanical sensors.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Special section on real-time safety-critical systems

Real-Time Systems is the domain of computing, which deals essentially with computer systems whose operation is subjected to bounded response time. Related timing restrictions may be soft, such as in airline reservation systems, or hard, as in flight control systems or anti-lock brakes. Hard real-time systems, such as those mentioned, are additionally safetycritical, which means that their failure may cause loss of life, injuries, or large financial losses. Thus, in the design and development of such systems special techniques should be used that ensure not only responsiveness and timeliness of the system in operation, but also guarantee their safety, to the highest extent possible. Designing real-time safety-critical systems has always been a challenge and a number of special issues of various journals and conference proceedings addressed related problems over the recent years. In this Special Section we are focusing on the design level of system and software development, as opposed to the implementation level. At this level, we are concerned about providing assurance in the design that the system will meet its timing and safety requirements. There are two traditional approaches to address this issue: an engineering approach, which relies on using templates and proven patterns, considering their pros and cons under various operating conditions, and a formal approach,which relies on using techniques of discrete mathematics with its theorem proving apparatus to assist in addressing system safety assurance in the development process.
The effects of complex polysaccharides on growth, digestibility and blood parameters in pair-fed chicks

Abstract A pair-feeding study was conducted on chicks to evaluate the growth-depressing and hypocholesterolemic effects of guar gum and pectin compared to other sources of dietary fiber. Fibers were fed so that the diet contained 2% hemicellulose or related complex carbohydrate from wheat bran, corn bran, a wood hemicellulose product, guar gum or pectin. A diet containing 10% wheat bran was also fed. Despite pair feeding, final body weights of guar gum-fed chicks were lower than that of all other groups at four weeks. Pectin-fed chicks, though heavier than those fed guar gum, weighed less than those fed the control, wood hemicellulose or wheat bran at either level. Digestibility of the diets appeared to influence growth rates. Metabolizable energy and feed efficiency in guar gum and pectin-fed chicks were also lower, and excreta weight was greater than in chicks fed other sources of fiber. Although not correlated to body weight, total serum cholesterol levels in chicks fed guar gum were lower than those of all other groups. Post-prandial glucose levels in whole blood were highest in chicks fed wood hemicellulose and lowest in those fed guar gum, corn bran or 10% wheat bran.
Pigmentation in the sea anemone Corynactis californica

Abstract 1. 1. There is great variability in the color of the sea anemone, Corynactis californica (Calgren, 1936). Studies of the columns of seven different color varieties showed no major differences in type or concentration of carotenoids. An astaxanthin ester and an unidentified carotene were isolated. 2. 2. The isolated carotenoids do not appear to be responsible for the variety of colors in Corynactis . 3. 3. The color variation of C. californica is more probably dependent on an unidentified, water-soluble pigment similar to a bile-like pigment, calliactine, isolated from the sea anemone, Sagartia parasitica (Couch, 1838).
Interdisciplinary Collaborative Learning: Using Decision Analysts to Enhance Undergraduate International Management Education

This article describes an experiential learning activity designed to promote the development of decision-making skills in international management students at the undergraduate level. Students from...
Structural repeat units and repeat schemes for the Al-Cu-Co decagonal phase and its crystalline approximants

Abstract Several repeat units and repeat schemes for the Al-Cu-Co decagonal phase and its crystalline approximants are proposed. An inherent strain is introduced into the structure through repetition of these units. The transition from the crystalline to the quasicrystalline state appears to be due to an increase in twinning, which reduces this strain.
The Media Assignment: Enhancing Psychology Students' Ability to Apply Their Knowledge of Psychology.

In this study, I explore whether a media assignment, similar to that used by Rider (1992), increased introductory psychology students’ ability to apply their knowledge of psychological concepts to ...
Miniaturization and defocus correction for objective-coupled planar illumination microscopy

Recently, a light sheet-based technique called objective-coupled planar illumination (OCPI) microscopy [Holekamp et al., Neuron 57, 661 (2008)] was shown to permit low-phototoxicity, high-speed, three-dimensional fluorescence imaging of extended tissue samples. Here, we introduce two major improvements in OCPI microscopy. First, we miniaturize the objective coupler by using a uniaxial gradient-index lens to produce the light sheet. Second, we demonstrate theoretically and experimentally that refractive index mismatch at the fluid/tissue interface causes a significant defocus aberration. By introducing the ability to tune the angle of the light sheet, we show that defocus correction in a miniaturized OCPI microscope leads to a significant improvement in image sharpness deeper into tissue.
Circuit and System Design for Future Microwave Systems (Invited Paper)

Microwave systems continue to benefit from technological and system advances that provide for new levels of performance, form factor and lowered cost. In the past, these advances were primarily associated with new materials systems or device types (e.q. GaAs, GaN, InP, MEMS, HBTs, PHEMTs, etc.). Although improvements continue in these and other new areas, system designers are increasingly looking for areas where advances in CMOS digital IC technology can improve the performance of microwave systems. The ability to realize millions of logic gates in an area the size of a bond pad provides the signal processing capability required for highly adaptive microwave systems, which monitor their environment and adapt their matching, tuning, bias, or configuration, to realize the best possible performance. These adaptive microwave systems will find wide application in areas as diverse as active phased- array radars, wireless local area networks and even the ubiquitous cellular telephone. This paper will summarize the device and signal processing requirements of these new adaptive systems of the future, and highlight some of the research areas required for further development of the field.
Social inequality, ethnicity and cardiovascular disease.

I Epidemiological research on cardiovascular risk factors has led to important advances in prevention science by providing insights that have now resulted in substantial reductions in mortality. This research used the variation in risk among individuals as the guide to causal exposures. Large differentials remain among socio-demographic groups, however, and the causes of these differentials may be distinctly different from those observed at the individual level. Vital statistics and census data from the US and selected regions were used in an ecologic analysis. In 1996 heart disease mortality in the US varied from 156/100 000 among African-American women to 51/100 000 among Asian women; similar differentials were observed for men. Income equality was correlated with heart disease mortality among the 47 largest US cities (r = -0.4; P = 0.006). Independent of income equality, racial segregation was also associated with risk of death from cardiovascular disease in this sample of cities. Social processes generate marked differentials in heart disease mortality among demographic groups. In the US, death rates are currently 2-3 times higher among African Americans compared to Asians. Broadly speaking, this variation results from their separate cultural legacies, based on well-recognized lifestyle factors and dietary patterns. Ecological comparisons across cities that share similar lifestyle patterns suggest that income inequality and patterns of racial discrimination are each associated with large variation in mortality in a similar manner. Racism and social inequality can be conceptualized as social causes of excess cardiovascular mortality that may not be measurable at the individual level.
Henry Kissinger: Hero of our Time

Henry Kissinger the supreme scholar/statesman of the late 20th century has authored a comprehensive interpretation of world order that revises his earlier West-centric orientation. This essay review assesses Kissinger’s view that there is a need for a new consensual world order that enjoys the participation and real consent of such important non-Western political actors as China, India and the Islamic World (viewed as a totality). Implicitly, Kissinger realizes that in the post-colonial world purely European conceptions of world order will no longer provide stability, but he nevertheless believes that only by the pragmatic ‘reinvention’ of these conceptions by the whole world will it be possible to achieve a stable and legitimate world order.
Adult colo-colonic intussusception incidentally detected by emergency bedside gallbladder sonography.

A 62-year-old man presented in the early morning to the Emergency Department complaining of acute-onset epigastric and right upper quadrant pain after dinner the night prior. He described the pain as cramping in nature and intermittent, lasting for minutes at a time and spontaneously resolving. He denied any nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fever, chills, melena, or hematochezia. He had not had any pain similar to this in the past, and while being interviewed he could feel the pain coming on in a wave-like fashion. His past medical history was significant for hepatitis C, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, as well as a distant history of pulmonary tuberculosis and leprosy while living in Vietnam. His past surgical history was remarkable for a below-the-knee amputation secondary to osteomyelitis. He denied any prior abdominal surgery but reported a normal colonoscopy 7 years ago. He reported smoking 5–10 cigarettes per day for 30 years, but denied alcohol or illicit drug use. On physical examination, vital signs were: blood pressure 122/60 mm Hg, heart rate 66 beats/min, respiratory rate 22 breaths/min, temperature 36.3°C, and oxygen saturation 96% on room air. The physical examination was remarkable only for mild abdominal tenderness to palpation in the mid-epigastrium without rebound or guarding. The abdomen was non-distended,
U.S. Military Attitudes Toward Post-Cold War Missions

In this article, we seek to determine whether officers support the post-Cold War's range of new missions and why. To this end, we examine the attitudes of U.S. officers at the command and staff col...
Food of Young Pike, Esox Lucius L., and Associated Fishes in Peterson's Ditches, Houghton Lake, Michigan

Abstract Stomach contents of 551 young pike (11–152 millimeters in length), 345 small yellow perch, and 431 other fish representing 18 species were examined. All specimens were collected from an area widely used by spawning pike from Houghton Lake, Michigan. Organisms utilized for food by young pike included Entomostraca, insects (chiefly Chironomidae), tadpoles, minnows, darters, and other pike. As pike increased in size they passed through a definite feeding succession of Entomostraca to insects to vertebrates (chiefly fish). Cannibalism occurred, as shown by the fact that 13.3 percent of 354 pike 21 millimeters or more in total length had eaten other pike. Smallest pike found to be cannibals were 21 millimeters long. Competition between young pike and most other species of fish for invertebrate food was evident. The yellow perch was the most important fish predator of young pike. Competition for food, predation, and cannibalism undoubtedly were important factors in the high mortality of young pike in t...
The repetition effect in time judgements is not a function of the intensity of the stimulus defining the interval: Implications for an arousal theory

Abstract College students ( N = 17 per group) estimated the durations of time intervals ranging from 8 to 20 sec. Intervals were defined by tones of 35, 55, and 75 db for each of three groups. The estimates of all groups declined across trials, but the degree of decline did not differ as a function of stimulus intensity. These data call into question the view that the repetition effect is attributable to a decrement in general arousal.
In vitro studies of larvicidal agents against the larvae of Anaylostoma caninum

An investigation was conducted on larvicidal agents using a modification of the Baermann procedure for culture of the test larvae. In vitro tests against the larvae of Ancylostoma caninum indicated that p -chloro- m -xylenol is an effective larvicidal agent. The drug's activity is reduced by blood, plasma, and certain solubilizers.
Spin 1 vs Spin 1/2 Antiferromagnetic Chains: The Staggered Magnetization

F.D.M.Haldane [1] has proposed that the properties of Heisenberg antiferromagnetic linear chains depend in a major way on whether the spins have integer (s=1,2,…) or half-integer (s=1/2,3/2,…) magnitudes. One important consequence concerns the existence of an energy gap at the isotropy point (Jx=Jy=Jz), with all that this entails for the correlation functions and the low-temperature properties.
CBR Meets Big Data: A Case Study of Large-Scale Adaptation Rule Generation

Adaptation knowledge generation is a difficult problem for CBR. In previous work we developed ensembles of adaptation for regression (EAR), a family of methods for generating and applying ensembles of adaptation rules for case-based regression. EAR has been shown to provide good performance, but at the cost of high computational complexity. When efficiency problems result from case base growth, a common CBR approach is to focus on case base maintenance, to compress the case base. This paper presents a case study of an alternative approach, harnessing big data methods, specifically MapReduce and locality sensitive hashing (LSH), to make the EAR approach feasible for large case bases without compression. Experimental results show that the new method, BEAR, substantially increases accuracy compared to a baseline big data k-NN method using LSH. BEAR’s accuracy is comparable to that of traditional k-NN without using LSH, while its processing time remains reasonable for a case base of millions of cases. We suggest that increased use of big data methods in CBR has the potential for a departure from compression-based case-base maintenance methods, with their concomitant solution quality penalty, to enable the benefits of full case bases at much larger scales.
Differential effects of a short-term high-fat diet in an animal model of depression in rats treated with the 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, ondansetron, the 5-HT3 receptor agonist, 2-methyl-5-HT, and the SSRI, fluoxetine

Investigation into the effects of a high-fat diet on depression in the context of 5-HT3 receptor function is important given 5-HT3 antagonism may represent a novel candidate for drug discovery. To more fully understand the relationship between the 5-HT3 receptor system, depression, and high-fat intake, our main interest was to study the short-term effects of a high-fat diet on the 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, ondansetron, and the 5-HT3 receptor agonist, 2-methyl-5-HT, as well as the SSRI, fluoxetine, in an animal model of depression. Male Sprague Dawley rats were fed either a standard diet (11% fat) or a high-fat diet (32.5% fat) for seven days then treated with either fluoxetine (10mg/kg, ip), ondansetron (1mg/kg, ip), 2-methyl-5-HT (3mg/kg, ip), fluoxetine+ondansetron or, 2-methyl-5-HT+ondansetron prior to the Forced Swim Test. In the standard diet group, treatment with the 5HT3 receptor agonist, 2-methyl-5-HT, served to significantly decrease time of immobility as compared to controls thus showing anti-depressive-like effects. Treatment with the 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, ondansetron, served to enhance the anti-depressive like effects of the SSRI, fluoxetine, as treatment with both the SSRI and 5-HT3 receptor antagonist dramatically decreased immobility. Importantly, in the high-fat diet groups, a week of high-fat intake served to: 1) counteract the anti-depressive-like effect of the SSRI, fluoxetine, 2) reverse the anti-depressive-like effect of the 5HT3 receptor agonist, 2-methyl-5-HT and 3) provide protection against the depressive-like effects induced by the Forced Swim Test as rats fed a high-fat diet displayed the lowest amounts of immobility. In the aggregate, these data suggest that both SSRIs and the 5HT3 receptor system are affected by short-term high-fat intake and that a short-term high-fat diet protects against depressive-like effects in an animal model of depression.
Healing Powers and Undesired Side Effects of Contemporary Theory: A Whimsical Philosophical Pharmacy: Jochen Hörisch, Theorie-Apotheke

daruber ausert, dass Kunstwerke nicht nur anfangen, sondern auch aufhoren, denn sonst »musste man befurchten, in der jeweiligen Wahrnehmung hangen zu bleiben, musste man eben auch befurchten, dass die eigensten Ressourcen der Markierung von Eigensinn und Eigenwille irgendwann aufgebraucht sind« (S. 191), dann muss man kontern, gerade solches Aufbrauchen des blos je Eigenen der Kontrolle des bewussten Ichs, psychoanalytisch gesehen war das Ziel der asthetischen Moderne, ob bei Wagner oder Proust oder Joyce. Was sonst wollte Faust von Mephistopheles, als >in der jeweiligen Wahrnehmung hangen zu bleibend Trotz solcher Zweifel kann man bei Baecker wie bei Luhmann sagen, dass es hier immer etwas zu lernen gibt, dass man stets zum Weiterdenken angeregt wird. In der Literaturwissenschaft wurde man sich nur freuen, wenn es eines Tages eine weitere Publikation von Baecker mit dem Titel gabe: Wozu Kunst?
Implications of Distributed Cognition for PER

In his seminal article, Edward F. Redish [1] persuasively urged the physics community (and physics education researchers) to heed the lessons of cognitive studies. There are in fact numerous lessons to be learned from cognitive studies and as Redish admits, he was only giving a "narrow slice" of the field. This paper will briefly introduce the ideas behind another slice called distributed cognition. This discussion is intended only as an introduction for a reader who is already familiar with the ideas discussed by Redish. The paper will finish by considering some implications that distributed cognition might have on the field of physics education research.
Nonlinear Dynamics and Chaos in Micro/Nano-Scale Systems and Applications

Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) are characterized by their small size, extremely low power consumption, and ultra fast speed. Recent years have witnessed a growing interest in the fundamental nonlinear dynamics of MEMS/NEMS and their potential applications. The Nonlinear Dynamics group at Arizona State University carried out a series of studies to investigate nonlinear dynamics and chaos in MEMS/NEMS on topics such as inducing chaos in MEMS, spatiotemporal chaos and intrinsic localized motions in MEMS oscillator arrays, extensive chaos in electrostatically driven silicon nanowires, and multistability and anomalous Hall effect in ferromagnet-topological insulator coupled systems. An overview of these results will be presented.
Collaborative Computing Mechanism of Nearfield Mobile Smart Device

In this paper, we propose to use the cooperation of nearby devices as a replacement, which can provide cheap hardware enhancement to improve mobile user experience while reducing the energy consumption. In specific, concerning the heterogeneity of mobile devices, we propose a resource query language and a supportive runtime, to boost up the development of such application and to optimal resource allocation in runtime. We also point out a few open research questions to be explored.
Macrophage-Mediated Trogocytosis Leads to Death of Antibody-Opsonized Tumor Cells

Understanding the complex behavior of effector cells such as monocytes or macrophages in regulating cancerous growth is of central importance for cancer immunotherapy. Earlier studies using CD20-specific antibodies have demonstrated that the Fcγ receptor (FcγR)-mediated transfer of the targeted receptors from tumor cells to these effector cells through trogocytosis can enable escape from antibody therapy, leading to the viewpoint that this process is protumorigenic. In the current study, we demonstrate that persistent trogocytic attack results in the killing of HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cells. Further, antibody engineering to increase FcγR interactions enhances this tumoricidal activity. These studies extend the complex repertoire of activities of macrophages to trogocytic-mediated cell death of HER2-overexpressing target cells and have implications for the development of effective antibody-based therapies. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(8); 1879-89. ©2016 AACR.
Tendon and Ligament Tissue Engineering: Restoring Tendon/Ligament and Its Interfaces

Tendon and ligament injuries are very common. Over 800,000 people each year require medical attention for injuries to tendons, ligaments, or the joint capsule [14]. Unfortunately, tendon and ligament are relatively acellular and poorly vascularized tissues and have a poor capacity for healing [59, 65, 68, 119]. Suturing and grafts have had limited success in tendon and ligament repair, often resulting in poor healing, donor site morbidity, and insufficient mechanical properties [59, 65, 68, 124]. For this reason, there is currently a great deal of research on tendon and ligament tissue engineering.
Orientation and Conformation in PET: New Information from Specular Reflection FT-IR

Specular reflection FT-IR spectroscopy was used to study thick films of amorphous poly(ethylene terephthalate) that had been subjected to either uniaxial drawing or thermal annealing. The high quality of the spectra made it possible to perform, for the first time, a detailed analysis of the most intense absorption bands. Curvefitting techniques were used to decompose these bands into individual component peaks, and the effect of drawing upon the intensity and dichroism of these peaks was analysed. The results provide new insight into the conformational and other structural changes that occur upon drawing and thermal annealing of PET.
Urban food crop production capacity and competition with the urban forest

Abstract The sourcing of food plays a significant role in assessing the sustainability of a city, but it is unclear how much food a city can produce within its city limits. In this study, we propose a method for estimating the maximum food crop production capacity of a city and demonstrate the method in Seattle, WA USA by taking into account land use, the light environment, and a mix of food crops necessary to supply a year-round vegetarian diet. By artificially removing trees from the city, we estimate the effect of tree shading on food crop production capacity. We find that at maximum food production, urban food crops can produce between 1% and 4% of the city's food needs under the most realistic land use scenarios, and that tree shading reduces food crop production capacity between 19% and 35%. We expand beyond the city Seattle limits to find that a buffer of 58 km around the city is required to meet 100% of the city's food needs.
Conclusion: The Fierce Urgency of Now

The debate between advocates of a limited federal government and advocates of an active federal government goes back to the founding of our nation. Over the course of nearly two centuries, there has been an agreement on both sides of this divide that even a limited federal government has a responsibility to protect the public and to make possible what Lincoln called a government of the people, by the people, and for the people. We believe that the vast majority of the American public continues to believe that our current government continues to bear basic responsibilities for the common protection and general welfare.
Nepantla, Cross-cultural Encounters, and Literature: Latin America, India, Japan

This essay briefly explores the phenomenon of nepantla in three representative cross-cultural encounters, in both initial and later phases: Spain-Latin America, England-India, and the West-Japan. N...
A Tablet-Based Multimedia Education Tool Improves Provider and Subject Knowledge of Inhaler Use Techniques

BACKGROUND: Although inhaled medications are effective therapies for COPD, many patients and providers use them incorrectly. METHODS: We recruited providers who prescribe inhalers or teach inhaler technique and assessed their use of metered-dose inhalers (MDIs), various dry powder inhalers (DPIs), and Respimat using predefined checklists. Then they watched tablet-based multimedia educational videos that demonstrated correct inhaler technique by a clinical pharmacist with teach-back from a patient and were re-evaluated. We also recruited patients with COPD and assessed their use of their prescribed inhalers and then retested them after 3–6 months. Baseline and follow-up respiratory symptoms were measured by the COPD Assessment Test. RESULTS: Fifty-eight providers and 50 subjects participated. For all providers, correct inhaler technique (reported as percentage correct steps) increased after the videos: MDI without a spacer (72% vs 97%) MDI with a spacer (72% vs 96%), formoterol DPI (50% vs 94%), mometasone DPI (43% vs 95%), tiotropium DPI (73% vs 99%), and Respimat (32% vs 93%) (before vs after, P CONCLUSIONS: A tablet-based inhaler education tool improved inhaler technique for both providers and subjects. Although this intervention did show durable efficacy for improving inhaler use by patients, it did not reduce their respiratory symptoms.
Determination of the Nuclear Spin of Cl 37

The nuclear spin of the chlorine atom was determined by observing the line intensities in the band spectrum of the homonuclear diatomic molecule of that atom. The lines of even $J$ values show a different intensity from those of odd $J$ values, the ratio of intensities being given by $\frac{(I+1)}{I}$ where $I$ is the nuclear spin of the atom in question. In the band absorption spectrum of chlorine the intensity ratio of lines of the ${\mathrm{Cl}}^{35}$${\mathrm{Cl}}^{35}$ molecule has been measured and compared with the value found by Elliott. These values are in substantial agreement and yield a value of 5/2 for the nuclear spin of ${\mathrm{Cl}}^{35}$. In this spectrum no lines of the molecule ${\mathrm{Cl}}^{37}$${\mathrm{Cl}}^{37}$ were observed due to the low concentration of ${\mathrm{Cl}}^{37}$ in the gas. By the method of thermal diffusion 200 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{3}$, S.T.P., of chlorine gas was obtained containing 45 percent ${\mathrm{Cl}}^{37}$. The absorption spectrum of this gas showed lines of the ${\mathrm{Cl}}^{37}$${\mathrm{Cl}}^{37}$ molecule in the 1\ensuremath{\rightarrow}12 band of the $^{1}\ensuremath{\Sigma}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}^{+}0$ band system of ${\mathrm{Cl}}_{2}$. For this band the alternating intensity ratio for the ${\mathrm{Cl}}^{37}$${\mathrm{Cl}}^{37}$ molecule (1.28) was the same, within the experimental error, as for the ${\mathrm{Cl}}^{35}$${\mathrm{Cl}}^{35}$ molecule (1.26), indicating that the nuclear spin of ${\mathrm{Cl}}^{37}$ is probably also 5/2. In interpreting the intensity ratios one must take into account the overlapping of lines and general background present.
NSF's Cabled Array: A wired tectonic plate and overlying ocean

In 2015, the Cabled Array became operational streaming real-time data to shore from a diverse array of 140 instruments. The network spans the Juan de Fuca tectonic plate, with two cables extending from a Shore Station in Pacific City, Oregon. One branch extends ∼480 km due west to Axial Seamount, the largest volcano on the Juan de Fuca Ridge. The second branch extends 208 km southward along the base of the Cascadia Subduction Zone (2900 m) and then turns east extending 147 km to 80 m water depth offshore Newport, Oregon. The system is designed for a 25-year lifetime.
“Months, not years”: Impact of clinical discussions of advanced cancer life-expectancy on patient illness understanding.

30 Background: Patients’ understanding of their illness often guides best practice, and this is no less true at the end of life. Data showing the influence of patients’ acknowledgment of prognostic discussions on the accuracy of patients’ illness understanding could inform the debate regarding how to engage in these difficult discussions. Methods: To evaluate the effects of recent and past oncologist-patient discussions about prognosis/life-expectancy (P/LE) on changes in advanced cancer patents’ illness understanding (acknowledgement of their illness as 1. terminal; 2. incurable; 3. advance staged; and 4. associated with an estimated life-expectancy in months, not years), 208 patients (with advanced lung or upper gastrointestinal cancers that progressed on 1 chemotherapy regimen, or advanced colorectal cancers that progressed on 2) from Coping with Cancer II, a prospective observational cohort study, were interviewed before and after a visit with their oncologists who discussed scan results regarding pot...
Carbon cycling at the aquatic-terrestrial interface is linked to parafluvial hyporheic zone inundation history

The parafluvial hyporheic zone combines the heightened biogeochemical and microbial interactions indicative of a hyporheic region with direct atmospheric/terrestrial inputs and the effects of wet/dry cycles. Therefore, understanding biogeochemical cycling and microbial interactions in this ecotone is fundamental to understanding carbon cycling at the aquatic–terrestrial interface and to creating robust hydrobiogeochemical models. We aimed to ( i ) characterize biogeochemical and microbial differences in the parafluvial hyporheic zone across a small spatial domain (6 lateral meters) that spans a breadth of inundation histories and ( ii ) examine how parafluvial hyporheic sediments respond to laboratory-simulated reinundation. Surface sediment for assays and forced inundation laboratory incubations (destructively sampled at 0.5 hours and 25 hours) was collected at four elevations along transects perpendicular to flow of the Columbia River, eastern WA, USA. The sampling elevations were inundated by the river 0 days, 13 days, 127 days, and 398 days prior to sampling. Spatial variation in environmental variables (organic matter, moisture, nitrate, glucose, % C, % N) and microbial communities (16S and ITS rRNA gene sequencing, qPCR) were driven by differences in elevation and thus inundation history. Microbial respiration did not differ significantly across elevations prior to inundation. Inundation suppressed microbial respiration relative to uninundated sediment across all elevations, but the degree of suppression was dramatically different between the elevations saturated and unsaturated during sampling, indicating a binary threshold response. We present a conceptual model in which irregular hydrologic fluctuations facilitate microbial communities adapted to local conditions and a relatively high flux of CO 2 . Upon re–wetting, microbial communities are initially suppressed metabolically, which results in lower CO 2 flux rates primarily due to suppression of fungal respiration. Following prolonged inundation, the microbial community adapts via a shift in composition. Our results indicate that the time between inundation events can push the system into alternate states: we suggest that ( i ) above some threshold of inundation–interval, re–inundation suppresses respiration to a consistent, low rate, and ( ii ) that below some inundation–interval, re–inundation has a minor effect on respiration. Extending reactive transport models to capture processes that govern such dynamics will provide more robust predictions of river corridor biogeochemical function under altered surface water flow regimes in both managed and natural watersheds.
Display Behavior of Male Ruffed Grouse (Bonasa umbellus) In Two Key Cover Types In Minnesota

ABSTRACT Mechanisms underlying habitat use in most species are poorly understood. Therefore, we integrated behavioral and forest cover type data to test hypotheses underlying the choice of two key cover types used by male Ruffed Grouse (Bonasa umbellus) in northern Minnesota, USA. Forests of aspen (Populus spp.) are the presumptive highest quality cover type for Ruffed Grouse because this bird species achieves its highest breeding densities in this cover type. Yet, males select cover types of conifer even when nearby cover types of aspen remain vacant. We examined this conundrum – selection of inferior cover types when presumed better types are available – by randomly selecting 23 male Ruffed Grouse from among a contiguous population of territorial males and used automated video systems to monitor their breeding display behavior. We predicted that if conifer cover types were indeed inferior habitat for Ruffed Grouse, males that established territories in these cover types would either drum (auditory displ...
The Meaningfulness–Engagement Connection

The core of our model is the relationship between meaningfulness and engagement. Meaningfulness is a complex subjective experience that includes perceiving positive meaning in work and sensing that the individual’s work makes a positive contribution to some greater good. This sense of meaningfulness is not confined to the workplace; rather, it spills over and contributes to feeling that an employee’s entire life is meaningful. In this chapter, we examine the positive relationship between meaningfulness and engagement in detail.
Connecting through Play by Design

Game designers and developers have long been at the vanguard of creating technology-enhanced experiences to evoke and encourage connection among people. Consider for example the creation of home game consoles in the 1970s--a rich shared-screen engaging multi-person experience offered far earlier than business applications for computer-supported cooperative work that emerged in the 1980s [1]. Yet this aspect of the games field is under-appreciated by technologists as well as the general public. In this keynote I will highlight examples of the tradition within game development of design to support connection. I will present examples of design techniques innovated by the game community that encourage connection. And I will present research from my lab that sketches directions for the future of technology interfaces for games and play as well as everyday interaction. I'll conclude with a call to action for the CHI-Play community to bridge their knowledge to those in the technology field who are shaping the fabric of how we engage one another in everyday life.
INCOME UNCERTAINTY, CONSUMER DURABLES INVESTMENTS, AND HOME PRODUCTION: EVIDENCE FROM CHINA

We investigate the effect of uncertainty on home durable purchase decisions, and empirically evaluate the efficacy of consumer durable policies under uncertainty. A model of lumpy home capital adjustment shows that elevated uncertainty leads households to adopt a cautionary perspective and postpone their capital adjustment. We test this prediction using microevidence from China where both uncertainty and home production are substantial. We exploit a wide‐scale rebate program funded by the Chinese government as a natural experiment, and examine the impact on household investment. We find strong, significant, and robust evidence that greater income uncertainty inhibits durable adjustment. Our findings highlight the impediment that income uncertainty poses to investment in home durables, which are often considered as “engines of liberation” in emerging economies. (JEL E21, E64, J22, O16, O23, D91)
Continuous purification of active pharmaceutical ingredients utilizing polymer membrane surface wettability

Continuous processing of pharmaceuticals opens opportunities for continuous separation based on wettability of polymer membranes. Dual use of hydrophobic and hydrophilic membranes realize in-line liquid–liquid extraction in the synthesis of four essential APIs. A secondary membrane with opposite wetting characteristics proves critical to phase separation of aqueous–organic reaction streams.
Detecting motion anomalies

An unsupervised methodology is presented for the detection of motion anomalies using spatial context and multivariate statistical tests. The method is applied to GPS data captured for a taxi fleet in Porto, Portugal; and, AIS data captured for ships operating in the Aegean Sea. The autonomous method successfully identifies atypical trajectories. Currently under-exploited object motion data streams may yield further information from application of the proposed approach.