cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 190: Long noncoding RNA XY11-10-11 regulates proliferation and migration of esophageal adenocarcinoma cells

Esophageal carcinoma is one of the most common types of cancer, ranked among the top eight causes of cancer death worldwide. The molecular mechanisms underlying esophageal cancer are very complicated and have not yet been completely clarified. In recent years, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown to play critical regulatory roles in various cancer biology, yet their potential involvement in esophageal cancer is not well understood. Here, we identified a set of lncRNAs that are differentially expressed in esophageal cancer tissues in comparison to the normal tissues using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. A new lncRNA, which we name XY11-10-11, is significanty increased in expression in human esophageal adenocarcinoma tissues and cell lines. XY11-10-11 is an intergenic lncRNA expressed from a locus located on chromosome 14. Importantly, knockdown of XY11-10-11 by siRNA resulted in inhibition of proliferation and migration in esophageal adenocarcinoma cells (EACs). Moreover, patients with high XY11-10-11 expression levels had a relatively poorer prognosis. Our findings indicate that XY11-10-11 may play a significant role in the development or progression of esophageal adenocarcinoma and may be an potential biomarker for diagnosis and therapy. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 190. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-190
SECURING BIG DATA PROVENANCE FOR AUDITORS: THE BIG DATA PROVENANCE BLACK BOX

Companies are experiencing a literal deluge of data, from many different sources and in a wide variety of forms that is being generated very quickly. In the area of data provenance, or lineage and veracity of the data set, Big Data exposes the limitations of current technology in providing adequate assurance for auditing purposes. The provenance of the data may be doubtful, the ownership of the data may be in question and the classification and/or identification of the information may not be possible until after analysis. Big Data involves accessing and analyzing large amounts of data that may have originated outside the firm and whose origin is not clear and custody not guaranteed. The data integrity is also in question. Furthermore, many data reduction and scrubbing techniques are then applied to the raw data sets, providing scalable processing but not assuring that the data has not been altered. Basically, with Big Data the information is not managed and tracked through its entire life cycle to ensure its confidentiality, availability, and integrity. Not only should the provenance track the origins and iterations of the data, but the provenance records themselves should be securely stored and immutable to change. Without this security assurance, data provenance tracking is pointless for auditors. The data provenance is not reliable for audit evidence if it has not been stored securely. To date, the literature on Big Data provenance has not discussed the security of this provenance information. This conceptual paper examines the technical mechanisms discussed in the literature to provide provenance for Big Data in Hadoop and MapReduce, and poses a theoretical framework by which these processes can provide secure storage: The Big Data Provenance Black Box.
An Approach for Assessing Demographic and Price Influences on Brand Purchase Behavior

A new brand choice model that has the capacity to include explanatory variables is described and its use illustrated in an application to a particular brand. In this application, pricing and certai...
Signs in action: Tarot as a self-organized system

From a semiotic viewpoint, Tarot has been described as a mere artifact with pictorial cards being signifiers in a symbolic sense. This paper reconceptualizes the process-structure of Tarot by placing it in a three-fold framework that merges semiotics with systems-theoretical and cybernetic perspectives. Charles Sanders Peirce’s triadic logic embedded in the action of signs, or semiosis in mind and nature, serves as a point of departure. By addressing Tarot from the position of general systems theory it is possible to describe Tarot dynamics by means of a sort of indexical connection to its signified. The latter, albeit functioning in a symbolic sense as an archetypal field of Jungian collective unconscious, is nevertheless capable of producing real effects at the level of human emotions, cognitions and habitual behaviors. The interpretation of symbols as the Peircean category of Thirdness creates, by virtue of mediation, a feedback loop, that is it generates conditions of possibility for self-organization. The previously unconscious, that is as yet out of conscious awareness, contents of one’s mind become available to human knowing. The process of reading and interpretation contributes to, in a pragmatic sense, the creation of meanings for mental representations, the former inferred from the symbolism embedded in Tarot pictures. As such, Tarot as a self-organized system has the potential to provide epistemic access to the Peircean virtual Real, affirming, in a way, some contemporary debates of cognitive science. It is honorable to be an epigone of Peirce. (Shimony,1993/II: 245.) Cybernetics & Human Knowing, Vol.8, no.1–2, 2001, pp. 111-132 [1] Program in the Philosophy of Education, Columbia University Teachers College, New York, USA. Email: irs5@columbia.edu
Preparing Teachers as Collaborators in Special Education

(1988). Preparing Teachers as Collaborators in Special Education. The Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Strategies, Issues and Ideas: Vol. 61, Trends in Teacher Education, pp. 317-319.
Soils of the USA: The Broad Perspective

In this chapter, the dominant suborders, soil parent materials, vegetation types, and climate of each Land Resource Region (LRR) are discussed. The chapter, therefore, constitutes a broad overview of Chaps. 5 through 17. There are 28 Land Resource Regions (LRRs) in the USA and its territories that are named for their location and primary land uses. Each LRR has been divided into from one to 23 Major Land Resource Areas (MLRAs; total of 278). The MLRAs are based primarily on physiography and geology but also on climate, soils, and vegetation type. The USA (excluding its territories) has a total land area of 9.3 million km2. The LRRs range in area from 260 km2 for the Hawaii Region (LRR V) to 1.4 million km2 for the Western Range and Irrigated Region (LRR D). The number of soil series in a LRR is governed not only by its area but also by the diversity of the soil-forming factors. The number of established soil series ranges from 84 in the relatively small Mississippi Delta Region (LRR O; area = 100,710 km2) to 5467 in the massive Western Range and Irrigated Region (LRR D; 1.4 million km2). The ratio of land area to number of soil series per LRR ranges from 116 to 185 for LRRs A, B, C, L, and T (Pacific Northwest, California, Great Lakes region, and Atlantic and Gulf Coast), which represent high pedodiversity indices, to 593–754 for LRRs F, H, and P (northern and central Great Plains and southern Atlantic Gulf Slope), which represent low pedodiversity indices. There is a highly significant correlation (R 2 = 0.92) between the number of soil series and the areas of soil orders (excluding the poorly represented Gelisols). From one to four suborders account for half of the soil series in each LRR. Soils of the USA occur in 12 orders, 65 suborders, 344 great groups, and numerous subgroups and families, yielding a total of around 23,000 named soil series. The distribution of soils in the USA is controlled primarily by climate (Aridisols, Gelisols, and Oxisols), vegetation (Histosols and Mollisols), parent materials (Andisols, Entisols, and Vertisols ), time (Inceptisols), or a combination of factors (Alfisols, Spodosols, and Ultisols ). The ranking of suborders by abundance is Ustolls > Udults > Udalfs > Turbels > Orthents > Udolls > Udepts > Xerolls ; these suborders comprise 53 % of the soils of the USA. Ninety-five percentage of the soils in the USA contain either an ochric or amollic epipedon. Soils with an argillic horizon comprise 49 % of the soils of the USA; 24 % of the soils (Entisols and Histosols) lack a diagnostic subsurface horizon; and 18 % contain a cambic horizon. The dominant soil-forming processes are argilluviation, melanization, base-cation enrichment, and cambisolization, which comprise 56, 42, 37, and 28 % of the soil area of the USA, respectively.
Select Reservoir Withdrawl by Multilevel Intakes

Hydraulic model tests verify multilevel intakes to be an effective design for selective reservoir withdrawal. New Hope Dam and Reservoir, Cape Fear River Basin, N.C., utilizes a multilevel intake design for selective withdrawal of impounded water as aid in water quality control. The intakes permit flexibility in the selection of the stratum from which reservoir releases are made. Hydraulic model tests results verify the functional design of the intake structure for flows ranging from 300 cfs to 2500 cfs. Model studies did not reveal vibration of intake tower to be a problem.
The effect of negative remodeling on fractional flow reserve after cardiac transplantation

Abstract Background Negative remodeling is a common occurrence early after cardiac transplantation. Its impact on the development of myocardial ischemia is not well documented. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of negative remodeling on fractional flow reserve after cardiac transplantation. Methods Thirty-four cardiac transplant recipients underwent intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and fractional flow reserve (FFR) assessment soon after transplantation and one year later. Patients were divided into those with and without negative remodeling based on IVUS, and the impact on FFR was assessed. In the 19 patients with negative remodeling, there was no significant change in plaque volume (119.3±82.0 to 131.3±91.2mm 3 , p =0.21), but vessel volume (775.6±212.0 to 621.9±144.1mm 3 , p 3 , p p =0.04). In the 15 patients without negative remodeling, vessel volume did not change (711.7±217.6 to 745.7±198.5, p =0.28), but there was a significant increase in plaque volume (126.8±88.3 to 194.4±92.7, p p =0.01). Conclusion Negative remodeling itself, without any change in plaque volume can cause a significant decrease in fractional flow reserve after cardiac transplantation and appears to be another possible mechanism for myocardial ischemia.
Noncanonical Alternative Polyadenylation Contributes to Gene Regulation in Response to Hypoxia

Stresses from various environmental challenges continually confront plants, and their responses are important for growth and survival. One molecular response to such challenges involves the alternative polyadenylation of mRNA. In plants, it is unclear how stress affects the production and fate of alternative mRNA isoforms. Using a genome-scale approach, we show that in Arabidopsis thaliana, hypoxia leads to increases in the number of mRNA isoforms with polyadenylated 39 ends that map to 59-UTRs, introns and protein-coding regions. RNAs with 39 ends within protein-coding regions and introns were less stable than mRNAs that end at 39-UTR poly(A) sites. Additionally, these RNA isoforms were under-represented in polysomes isolated from control and hypoxic plants. By contrast, mRNA isoforms with 39 ends that lie within annotated 59-UTRs were over-represented in polysomes and were as stable as canonical mRNA isoforms. These results indicate that the generation of noncanonical mRNA isoforms is an important feature of the abiotic stress response. The finding that several noncanonical mRNA isoforms are relatively unstable suggests that the production of non-stop and intronic mRNA isoforms may represent a form of negative regulation in plants, providing a conceptual link with mechanisms that generate these isoforms (such as alternative polyadenylation) and RNA surveillance.
Membrane remodeling by amyloidogenic and non-amyloidogenic proteins studied by EPR

The advancement in site-directed spin labeling of proteins has enabled EPR studies to expand into newer research areas within the umbrella of protein-membrane interactions. Recently, membrane remodeling by amyloidogenic and non-amyloidogenic proteins has gained a substantial interest in relation to driving and controlling vital cellular processes such as endocytosis, exocytosis, shaping of organelles like endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi and mitochondria, intracellular vesicular trafficking, formation of filopedia and multivesicular bodies, mitochondrial fusion and fission, and synaptic vesicle fusion and recycling in neurotransmission. Misregulation in any of these processes due to an aberrant protein (mutation or misfolding) or alteration of lipid metabolism can be detrimental to the cell and cause disease. Dissection of the structural basis of membrane remodeling by proteins is thus quite necessary for an understanding of the underlying mechanisms, but it remains a formidable task due to the difficulties of various common biophysical tools in monitoring the dynamic process of membrane binding and bending by proteins. This is largely since membranes generally complicate protein structure analysis and this problem is amplified for structural analysis in the presence of different types of membrane curvatures. Recent EPR studies on membrane remodeling by proteins show that a significant structural information can be generated to delineate the role of different protein modules, domains and individual amino acids in the generation of membrane curvature. These studies also show how EPR can complement the data obtained by high resolution techniques such as X-ray and NMR. This perspective covers the application of EPR in recent studies for understanding membrane remodeling by amyloidogenic and non-amyloidogenic proteins that is useful for researchers interested in using or complimenting EPR to gain better understanding of membrane remodeling. We also discuss how a single protein can generate different type of membrane curvatures using specific conformations for specific membrane structures and how EPR is a versatile tool well-suited to analyze subtle alterations in structures under such modifying conditions which otherwise would have been difficult using other biophysical tools.
Dynamic Respiratory Motion Estimation Using Patch-Based Kernel-PCA Priors for Lung Cancer Radiotherapy

In traditional radiation therapy of lung cancer, the planned target volume (PTV) is delineated from the average or a single phase of the planning-4D-CT, which is then registered to the intra-procedural 3D-CT for delivery of radiation dose. Because of respiratory motion, the radiation needs to be gated so that the PTV covers the tumor. 4D planning deals with multiple breathing phases, however, since the breathing patterns during treatment can change, there are matching discrepancies between the planned 4D volumes and the actual tumor shape and position. Recent works showed that it is promising to dynamically estimate the lung motion from chest motion. In this paper, we propose a patch-based Kernel-PCA model for estimating lung motion from the chest and upper abdomen motion. First, a statistical model is established from the 4D motion fields of a population. Then, the lung motion of a patient is estimated dynamically based on the patient’s 4D-CT image and chest and upper abdomen motion, using population’s statistical model as prior knowledge. This lung motion estimation algorithm aims to adapt the patient’s planning 4D-CT to his/her current breathing status dynamically during treatment so that the location and shape of the lung tumor can be precisely tracked. Thus, it reduces possible damage to surrounding normal tissue, reduces side-effects, and improves the efficiency of radiation therapy. In experiments, we used the leave-one-out method to evaluate the estimation accuracy from images of 51 male subjects and compared the linear and nonlinear estimation scenarios. The results showed smaller lung field matching errors for the proposed patch-based nonlinear estimation.
Do U.S. agriculture suppliers benefit from South Korea-U.S. Free Trade Agreement – the case of orange juice

This paper investigates the effect of the South Korea-U.S. Free Trade Agreement (KORUS-FTA) on U.S. competition with other suppliers for the import/export of orange juice. We use monthly trade data for 2007-2015 to estimate the import demand from the United States, Brazil, Israel, and the rest of the world. Our results suggest that U.S. suppliers have surpassed Brazil and dominate the market. Moreover, we show that thanks to the KORUS-FTA, U.S. suppliers have gained significant welfare and trade value, which is particularly important for industries suffering from a shrinking domestic market.
Race, Nature, Nation, and Property in the Origins of Range Science

Nomadic or itinerant livestock herding declined dramatically in the western United States between the 1870s and the 1930s. Historians have emphasized two causes of the decline: racial discrimination against herders and federal laws that restricted public lands grazing to owners of nearby private ranch properties. Range science played an important and overlooked intermediary role between these factors by linking the success of rangeland settlement to the purity of livestock breeds, the relative fitness of native versus non-native plants, and the supposed habits and traits of people of various types. Interconnected assumptions about race, nature, nation, and property were simultaneously incorporated into range research and euphemized via the norms and language of science itself. Producing range science as a science thus served to depoliticize and legitimize the dominance of land-owning, Anglo stockmen over western rangelands.
Event Analysis in Clinical Practice and Process Research

The authors review the literature in an effort to show how therapeutic events have been used in clinical practice and process research. Using a case example, they discuss and illustrate the use of ...
Scleroderris Canker in Newfoundland

Scleroderris canker caused by Gremmeniella abietina (Lagerb.) Morelet ( = Scleroderris lagerbergii Gremmen) was first recorded in Newfoundland in 1979 near St. John’s. The disease was detected in 1980 and 1981 at nine other locations in or near the city. Disease development and intensity of infection in a plantation were spectacular. The Province established a quarantine area in 1980 and jointly with Plant Quarantine Division of Agriculture Canada directed control by pruning and eradication. In 1982 the disease was detected at 60 km from St. John’s and outside the quarantine area. All cultures of the fungus were serologically identified as the European strain.
Tolerability of isavuconazole after posaconazole toxicity in leukaemia patients.

Background Posaconazole (PCZ) is widely used for prophylaxis or treatment of invasive fungal infections (IFIs) in leukaemia patients. However, issues with PCZ tolerability can result in treatment interruption. Isavuconazole (ISA) has a similar broad spectrum of activity to PCZ; however, real-world data regarding the tolerability of ISA after PCZ toxicity are lacking. Objectives To describe the tolerability of ISA after PCZ toxicity in leukaemia patients. Patients/methods We retrospectively assessed tolerability of ISA after PCZ toxicity in adult leukaemia patients (March 2015 to November 2017). We included all patients who received ≥7 days of ISA within 48 hours of PCZ discontinuation. Laboratory markers for liver toxicity were collected at three time points: prior to PCZ, at switch to ISA and after ISA therapy. Results We identified 23 such patients. Increased liver function tests (LFTs) were noted in 20 patients on PCZ, while three patients had Grade 3/4 QTc prolongation. No patient discontinued subsequent ISA due to toxicity. Grade 3/4 elevations in LFTs were decreased after changing to ISA (30% after PCZ vs 5% after ISA). No patient had significant QTc prolongation after switching to ISA. Conclusions Isavuconazole was well-tolerated in patients discontinuing PCZ due to toxicity, with no patient discontinuing ISA due to toxicity.
From Ionospheric Weather Nowcast to Forecast: 1. Choice of IRTAM Basis

APID5196071. Provided with near real-time sensor data, AEMs become useful in applications that rely on an accurate ionospheric weather nowcast. We make another step towards extending the AEM scope to the forecast applications that require knowledge of the ionospheric conditions over next several days. Development of such forecast capability has to emphasize processes that are not local and rethink the reference frame and coordinate system for its representations of the ionospheric dynamics from corotating to solar synchronous frame. We discuss details of the proposed expansion basis functions for implementation in forecasting AEMs.
Should Antitrust Survive Behavioral Economics

The accepted economic foundation of antitrust law is straightforward: The neoclassical market model shows that perfect competition among firms maximizes productive and allocative efficiencies and social welfare. This model rests on several assumptions, including — as in neoclassical economics more generally — the notion that consumers are rational actors whose decisions always maximize their utility. The virtues of competition within the neoclassical framework are many. The competitive equilibrium generates both productive efficiency and allocative efficiency, which maximize both consumer and total welfare. This attractive, welfare-maximizing property of the competitive equilibrium serves as the key economic justification for antitrust law. Nonetheless, a substantial body of empirical evidence shows that real consumers often fail to comport with the assumption of rationality that underlies the welfare benefits generated from the interaction between rational consumers and producers in competitive equilibrium. Specifically, these findings show that in some cases consumers hold biased beliefs about the value of products and services and, consequently, demand too much or too little of them. Further analysis shows that in the face of such distorted demand competition cannot maximize efficiency. In fact, under some circumstances, competition among sophisticated producers over the custom of boundedly rational consumers can even diminish efficiency. Beyond the problem of distorted demand, behavioral research also documents numerous instances in which consumers’ product choices are constructed or shaped ad-hoc, at the time of decision, in clear contrast to the assumption that consumers hold stable, preexisting and orderly preferences. As a result, neither the demand generated by consumers whose preferences are malleable nor the resulting consumer surplus offer a meaningful measure of consumer welfare. Competition over such consumers, moreover, is typically unlikely to improve matters much and can even make consumers worse off. But if competition over boundedly rational consumers fails to maximize efficiency or advance consumer welfare what remains of the economic justification for antitrust’s mission of protecting competition?
A Multiuse Fully 3-D Printed Cavity Sensor for Liquid Profiling

In this article, a multiuse perturbed rectangular cavity resonator is fabricated using additive manufacturing (3-D printing) for profiling small volume liquid samples. The designed cavity operates in the fundamental mode ${\rm{T}}{{\rm{E}}_{101}}$ and is suitable for characterizing liquids in smaller volumes (<1 ml). A cylindrical perturbation is created on the top wall of the cavity into which the liquid samples are introduced. Depending on the dielectric constant of the sample, the resonance frequency of the cavity changes and the change in resonance is monitored in real time. The dielectric constant of the sample under test is theoretically estimated based on the change in resonance and compared to standard reported values. The fabricated resonator is of multiuse nature and requires small sample volume of 0.35 ml for profiling. The low-cost, light-weight, multiuse sensor can be easily adapted for quality control applications across the supply chain.
Vive ut Numquam Moriturus: Tweaking Translational Control to Regulate Longevity.

Molecular mechanisms regulating aging at the post-transcriptional level are not clear. In this issue of Molecular Cell, D’Amico et al. (2019) demonstrate that the translational inhibition of mitochondrial fission factor (MFF) regulates cellular homeostasis and aging.
Tumbling Down the GraphBLAS Rabbit Hole with SHMEM

In this paper we present shgraph, a SHMEM implementation of the GraphBLAS standard, which enables the user to redefine complex graph algorithms in terms of simple linear algebra primitives. GraphBLAS offers many nice features such as type abstractions, the ability to perform generalized matrix/vector operations over a semiring, and executing graph operations out-of-order (non-blocking mode).
Bifurcation of limit cycles from a switched equilibrium in planar switched systems

Abstract We consider a switched system of two subsystems that are activated as the trajectory enters the regions { ( x , y ) : x > x ¯ } and { ( x , y ) : x − x ¯ } , respectively, where x ¯ is a positive parameter. We prove that a regular asymptotically stable equilibrium of the associated Filippov equation of sliding motion (corresponding to x ¯ = 0 ) yields an orbitally stable limit cycle for all x ¯ > 0 sufficiently small. Such an equilibrium is called switched equilibrium in control theory, in which case considering x ¯ > 0 refers to the effect of hysteresis. The fact that hysteresis perturbation of a switched equilibrium yields a limit cycle is known and is actively used in control. We not only prove this fact rigorously for the first time ever, but also offer a formula for the period of the limit cycle which turns out to be very sharp as our practical example demonstrates. Specifically, an application to a model of a dc–dc power converter concludes the paper.
Design of High-Performance Organic Light-Emitting Transistors.

Organic light-emitting transistors (OLETs) integrate the light-emitting and gate-modulated electrical switching functions in a single device. Over the past decades, progress has been made in develo...
What Timbs Does Not Say

In Timbs v. Indiana, the United States Supreme Court decided that the Excessive Fines Clause of the Eighth Amendment applied to the states. In conjunction with this discussion, it did not mention the few rights that remain unincorporated and explain why this so. Practically, after Timbs, only jury rights -- unanimity, the grand jury right, and the civil jury right -- do not apply to the states. Given their history and importance, these rights should be incorporated.
Mothers of Pteridology

Women have long been underrepresented in STEM, although there are certain fields within this umbrella that show less of a disparity — the biological sciences being one example. Within biology, pteridology has a rich history of female contributors involved since its inception. In this review we strive to highlight some of the foremost female pteridologists including Elizabeth Knight Britton, Alma Stokey, Irene Manton, Alice Tryon, Barbara Hoshizaki, and Florence Wagner. This is not an exhaustive list, but rather an insight into the strong maternal lineage of the fern and lycophyte community. While the field would not be the same without the work of many male pteridologists, herein we emphasize the important contributions that these founding women have made. Some of the research conducted by early female pteridologists was largely undermined by their time and circumstance; here we bring their lives and works to the foreground. Furthermore, we hope this paper inspires young botanists to enter our unique and historically rich field.
Presumptive pyometra leading to a diagnosis of uterine neoplasia in two queens

Uterine tumours are rarely reported in cats. This case report describes two older queens with typical presentations consistent with pyometra. However, histopathology of the uteri diagnosed each case with concurrent uterine neoplasia (endometrial adenocarcinoma and poorly differentiated sarcoma). One cat survived long-term, while the other was suspected to have advanced metastatic disease and pulmonary metastasis on postoperative radiographs after developing respiratory distress. Diagnostic tests, including thoracic radiographs and abdominal ultrasound, should be considered when evaluating middle-aged to older queens suspected of pyometra to screen for evidence of neoplasia and to assess the extent of disease. Histopathological analysis of excised uterine tissue should be recommended to assess for uterine neoplasia in all cats with presumptive pyometra.
How to Be Beautiful like Mrs. Consumer: American Beauty and Italian Women

This chapter investigates one of the most noticeable changes to Italian women’s physical appearance in the postwar period: the increased use of beauty and hygiene products. The flood of American and American influenced beauty and hygiene products into postwar Italy resulted in the rise to prominence of the American beauty ideal in the peninsula. In analyzing the images and words of beauty and hygiene product advertisements from the women’s magazine Annabella, Harris articulates the components of this ideal and illustrates how it broke with traditional ideas of Italian beauty. Moreover, the chapter reveals how this new ideal promoted democratic consumer capitalist values—freedom of choice, individualism, and affluence—that stood in stark contrast to Communist values and their perceived threat to the West.
Predictors of Academic Career Trajectory Among Fellowship-Trained Neurosurgical Oncologists

Much research has been conducted to investigate predictors of an academic career trajectory among neurosurgeons in general. This study seeks to examine a cohort of fellowship-trained neurosurgical oncologists to determine which factors are associated with a career in academia. Publicly available data on fellowship-trained neurosurgical oncologists was aggregated from ACGME-accredited residency websites, from program websites listed on the AANS Neurosurgical Fellowship Training Program Directory, and from professional websites including Doximity. Bivariate analyses were conducted to determine covariates for a logistic regression model, and a multivariate analysis was conducted to determine which variables were independently associated with an academic career trajectory. A total of 87 neurosurgical oncologists were identified (1991–2018). A total of 73 (83.9%) had > 1 year of protected research time in residency, 33 (37.9%) had an h-index of ≥2 prior to residency, and 63 (72.4%) had an h-index of ≥2 during residency. In multivariate analysis, the only factor independently associated with academic career trajectory among neurosurgical oncologists was achieving an h-index of ≥2 during residency (odds ratio [OR] = 2.93, p = .041). Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center graduated the most neurosurgical oncologists in our cohort (n = 23). Our study establishes a novel factor that is predictive of academic career trajectory among fellowship-trained neurosurgical oncologists, specifically having an h-index of ≥2 during residency. Our results may be useful for those mentoring students and trainees with an interest in pursuing academia.
Inclusive conservation requires amplifying experiences of diverse scientists.

As conservation organizations seek to create inclusive communities, they should reflect on current experiences. Using interview vignettes, we bring to attention the isolation and discrimination experienced by scientists who are Black, Indigenous and people of colour, alongside additional burdens of diversity and inclusion work.
Understanding the Fundamental Principles of Ecosystems through a Global Network of Long-Term Ecological Research Sites

The Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) Network served as a catalyst to promote cooperation among multi-national research programs and networks. The chapter describes the strategic planning process in the 1990s that led to the creation of the International Long Term Ecological Research (ILTER) Network, which expanded rapidly in the late-1990s with support of the National Science Foundation (NSF). Especially under the leadership of James Gosz, cooperative arrangements were made with countries worldwide and 23 LTER networks had formed by 2003. Many U.S. LTER scientists and information management specialists contributed to the expansion of the ILTER Network through site visits and workshops. After NSF scaled back its support, ILTER reorganized its governance structure and grew into a robust, self-sustaining network of networks. The chapter reviews examples of collaborations in research and information management. The ILTER Network today aims to become part of a global infrastructure to address continental and global socio-ecological problems through partnerships with other international networks. Concerns about climate change, biodiversity loss, and the scarcity of research sites producing long-term data led to the creation of the U.S. LTER Network and hence ILTER, and the legacies of data, information, and long-term measurements that have resulted are a critical contribution to resolving current global problems.
Examining instructional change at scale using data from diagnostic assessments built on learning trajectories

This study investigated the process of instructional change required to translate data on student progress along learning trajectories (LTs) into relevant instructional modifications. Researchers conducted a professional development session on ratio LTs, which included analyzing 3 years of district-level data from Math-Mapper 6–8, a digital LT-based diagnostic assessment application, with fifteen 6th and 7th grade teachers. Teachers subsequently conducted a lesson study to enact what they had learned, allowing researchers to study how teachers used data on student progress along ratio equivalence LTs to design, implement, and evaluate the lesson study. Researchers applied a framework for LT-based data-driven decision making to analyze video data of the lesson study activities. Teachers successfully scanned data reports to pinpoint the LT levels at which to target modified instruction. In one instance, they focused too narrowly on a single item resulting in excessive lesson time on tasks on graph literacy external to the LT. In the other, their data interpretation was overly general and resulted in the design and implementation of a sequence of tasks that reversed the order implied in the LT and relied on the use of more sophisticated strategies from subsequent LTs. Results suggest a need for more data interpretation skills, a deep understanding of the learning theory underpinning LTs, and more precision in teacher discourse around LTs.
Environmental safety: concept and essence

The article considers various scientific approaches to the definition of the concept of environmental safety. Environmental safety is an important scientific category, it is the state of protection of the environment and humans from various types of hazards that pose a threat to the sustainable functioning of natural ecological systems and anthropogenic objects.
Kidney Recovery in Patients With Acute Kidney Injury Treated in Outpatient Hemodialysis or Rehabilitation Facilities

Rationale & Objective Since January 2017, patients with acute kidney injury requiring dialysis (AKI-D) can be discharged to outpatient dialysis centers for continued hemodialysis (HD) support. We aimed to examine the rate of kidney recovery, time to recovery, and hospitalization-related clinical parameters associated with kidney recovery in patients with AKI-D. Study Design Single-center prospective cohort study. Setting & Participants 111 adult patients who were admitted to the University of Kentucky Hospital, experienced AKI-D, and were discharged with need of outpatient HD. Exposure Hospitalization-related clinical parameters were evaluated. Outcome Kidney recovery as a composite of being alive and no longer requiring HD or other form of kidney replacement therapy. Analytical Approach Discrete-time survival analysis and logistic regression were used to determine adjusted probabilities of kidney recovery at prespecified time points and to evaluate clinical parameters associated with recovery. Results 45 (41%) patients recovered kidney function, 25 (55.5%) within the first 30 days following discharge, 16 (35.5%) within 30 to 60 days, and 4 (9%) within 60 to 90 days. Adjusted probabilities of recovery were 36.7%, 27.4%, and 6.3%, respectively. Of the remaining patients, 49 (44%) developed kidney failure requiring chronic kidney replacement therapy and 17 (15%) died or went to hospice. Patients who did not recover kidney function were older, had more comorbid conditions, had lower estimated glomerular filtration rates at baseline, and received more blood transfusions during hospitalization when compared with those who recovered kidney function. Limitations Selection bias given that patients included in the study were all eligible for AKI management with outpatient HD as part of Medicare/Medicaid services. Conclusions At least one-third of AKI-D survivors discharged from an acute care hospital dependent on HD recovered kidney function within the first 90 days of discharge, more commonly in the first 30 days postdischarge. Future studies should elucidate clinical parameters that can inform risk classification and interventions to promote kidney recovery in this vulnerable and growing population.
Análise das notificações de eventos adversos em um hospital privado

Introduction: patient safety, in the current context, began to be investigated in the different health fields, aiming to reduce the incidence of damages and adverse events to patients. Objective: to identify and analyze adverse events that compromise patient safety during nursing care in a private hospital. Methods: exploratory, documentary and retrospective research. The instrument of data collection was the report of adverse event notification used by the hospital composed of open and closed questions. Results: the researchers analyzed 262 reports of adverse/incident events that occurred in the period 2015 to 2016. The contributing factors for the occurrence of adverse events were caused by human failure. Of the total number of forms analyzed, 161 (61.83%) reported carelessness and distraction. The omission was highlighted with 11 (4.20%) cases. The lack of attention with the patient led to 116 (44.27%) errors in medication administration, 46 (17.56%) failures during the typing and transcription of the medical prescription and 35 (13.36%) failures in care. Conclusion: the incidents are caused by human factors, with possible reversion. When investigated, they can be minimized, which contributes to quality and safety in patient care.
Reliability of arterial spin labeling derived cerebral blood flow in periventricular white matter

Abstract We aimed to assess the reliability of cerebral blood flow (CBF) measured using arterial spin labeled (ASL) perfusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) from the periventricular white matter (PVWM) by computing its repeatability and comparing to [15O]-water Positron Emission Tomography (PET) as a reference. Simultaneous PET/MRI perfusion data were acquired twice in the same session, about 15 min apart, from 16 subjects (age: 41.4 ± 12.0 years, 9 female). ASL protocols used pseudocontinuous labeling (pCASL) with background-suppressed 3-dimensional readouts, and included both single and multiple post labeling delay (PLD) acquisitions, each acquired twice, with the latter providing both CBF and arterial transit time (ATT) maps. The reliability of ASL derived PVWM CBF was evaluated using intra-session repeatability assessed by the within-subject coefficient of variation (wsCV) of the PVWM CBF values obtained from the two scans, correlation with concurrently-acquired PET CBF values, and by comparing them with that measured in other commonly used regions of interest (ROIs) such as whole brain (WB), gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM). The wsCVs for PVWM CBF with single and multi-PLD acquisitions were 5.7 (95% CI: (3.4,7.7)) % and 6.1 (95% CI: (3.8,8.3))%, which were similar to those obtained from WB, GM and WM CBF even though the PVWM region is the most weakly perfused region of brain parenchyma. Correlations between relative PVWM CBF derived from ASL and from [15O]-water PET were also comparable to the other ROIs. Finally, the ATT of the PVWM region was found to be 1.27 ± 0.27s, which was not an outlier for the arterial circulation of the brain. These findings suggest that PVWM CBF can be reliably measured with the current state-of-the-art ASL methods.
Space-time Classification Index for Assessing COVID-19 Hotspots

Objectives: To develop new methods to address problems associated with use of traditional measures of disease surveillance, including prevalence and positivity rates. Methods: We use data from the public New York Times Github repository to develop a space-time classification index of COVID-19 hotspots. The Local Indicator of Spatial Association (LISA) statistic is applied to identify daily clusters of COVID-19 cases, from July 4th to July 19th. Results: The classification index is a spatial and temporal assessment tool that seeks to incorporate temporal trends of the clusters that are "high-high" and "high-low". Two classifications support the index: severity and temporal duration. We define severity as the number of times a county is statistically significant and temporal duration captures the number of consecutive days a county is a hotspot. Conclusions: The space-time classification index provides a statistically robust measure of the spatial patterns of COVID-19 hotspots. Spatial information is not captured through measures like the positivity rate, which merely divides the number of cases by tests conducted. The index proposed in this paper can guide intervention efforts by classifying counties with six-levels of importance.
THE ROLE OF DEPRECIATION AND THE INVESTMENT TAX CREDIT IN TAX POLICY AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON FINANCIAL REPORTING DURING THE 20TH CENTURY

Since the inception of the modern income tax, the investment tax credit and depreciation have been some of the most modified provisions. This paper traces the history of major changes in depreciation and the investment tax credit along with the tax policy justifications given at the time the changes were made. In addition, the influence of tax depreciation on financial reporting is also discussed. An historical perspective of these two major provisions in tax should be helpful to policymakers and researchers attempting to assess the effectiveness of these policies.
Evaluation of U.S. Total Diet Study Data on Selenium

Abstract The potential usefulness of FDA's U.S. Total Diet Study (TDS) selenium (Se) data to the nutrition community was evaluatedas part of the TDS modernization program. TDS Se data collected from 2003 – 2010 was evaluated by comparing these data to Se concentration data in USDA's Standard Reference 26 (SR26) Database. We also evaluated trends in Se concentrations over time and differences in Se concentrations by Market Basket (MB). Comparable SR26 foods were identified for most TDS foods; however, for many TDS foods, there was more than one match in SR26. TDS was found to be a unique source of analytical Se concentration data for four food mixtures and for several SR26 foods with imputed Se concentrations. Se concentrations in TDS foods were similar to analyzed Se concentrations in most corresponding SR26 foods. Se concentrations in whole wheat bread were significantly higher in MB 2 (U.S. West Region, collected in the winter) than in MB 1 (U.S. North Central Region, collected in the fall), 3 (U.S. South Region, collected in the spring), and 4 (U.S. North East Region, collected in the summer). Se concentrations in whole wheat bread were also significantly higher in MB 4 than in MB 3. Se concentrations in boiled eggs were significantly higher in MB 2 than in other market baskets. The U.S. Total Diet Study suspended analysis of Se in 2010, but FDA is evaluating the potential benefits of adding Se analysis back to the TDS program. Results of this study demonstrate the potential value of TDS concentration data for Se and other nutrients to the U.S. nutrition community. However, it is clear that TDS data on generic foods (e.g. tuna, canned in water) are less useful than TDS data on more specifically defined foods (e.g. tuna, white, canned in water). Potential geographical and/or seasonal differences in Se contents of some foods may warrant additional investigation.
Women in East and West German universities before and after unification

In West German universities, 39.2 % of students are women (1992), which means that their number has increased considerably during the 70s and 80s (even if it is still smaller than in many other developed countries). Yet as university teachers, women are still very much in the minority. In comparison to this, in East Germany before 1989 more than half of the students were women, while no less than one third of all university teachers were women.
The KeraKlear Artificial Cornea

This chapter describes this novel device and reviews its current status, indications, and use. At the time of publication, KeraKlear KPro has received CE mark approval in Europe but has not yet been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in the United States (John et al., Ocular Surg News 30(16):5–6, 2012).
The SSV Corwith Cramer: Sea Education Association's new sailing research vessel

Summary form only given. With the launching of the SSV Corwith Cramer, the Sea Education Association of Woods Hole, Mass. now operates two sailing vessels which serve as research platforms for sea semesters. The Cramer, which is the first vessel built to meet US Coast Guard regulations for sailing school vessels, is modeled closely after the schooner Westward. A variety of design modifications and equipment changes greatly improve her performance as a research vessel. Cramer's greater length (135 feet) and beam (26 feet) serve to increase speed, stability and working deck area. The vessel's onboard research equipment consists of standard oceanographic sampling gear such as plankton nets, trawls, cores, dredges and Nisken bottles. In addition, the Cramer carries a variety of modern sampling and analytic gear including a 3 and 12-kHz PDR, digital recording BT (bathythermograph) and CTD (conductivity, temperature, and density) measurement, salinometer, fluorometer, spectrophotometer, and four microcomputers for data recovery, processing, and storage. >
Daily serum follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and plasma testosterone and androstenedione in hirsute women with polycystic sclerotic ovaries: Effects of diethylstilbestrol and norethindrone acetate

Abstract Five patients with hirsutism, menstrual disorders, and polycystic sclerotic ovaries had daily measurements of serum luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), plasma testosterone (T), and androstenedione (A) for 10 days prior to and 10 days during the administration of 3 mg. of diethylstilbestrol (DS) daily or 5 mg. of norethindrone acetate (NA) daily. Whereas FSH was suppressed in most cases, LH was often increased by the administration of these hormones, showing erratic surges. Plasma testosterone and androstenedione underwent changes which to some extent were similar to those of LH. The results obtained in this study demonstrated that only daily hormone measurements can reveal the effects of these medications. It is concluded that the short-term effects of neither DS nor NA upon plasma testosterone and androstenedione are helpful in diagnosing ovarian hypersecretion of androgens.