cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Retrospective analysis of bottlenose dolphin foraging: A legacy of anthropogenic ecosystem disturbance

We used stable isotope analysis to investigate the foraging ecology of coastal bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in relation to a series of anthropogenic disturbances. We first demonstrated that stable isotopes are a faithful indicator of habitat use by comparing muscle isotope values to behavioral foraging data from the same individuals. d 13 C values increased, while d 34 S and d 15 N values decreased with the percentage of feeding observations in seagrass habitat. We then utilized stable isotope values of muscle to assess temporal variation in foraging habitat from 1991 to 2010 and collagen from tooth crown tips to assess the time period 1944 to 2007. From 1991 to 2010, d 13 C values of muscle decreased while d 34 S values increased indicating reduced utilization of seagrass habitat. From 1944 to 1989 d 13 C values of the crown tip declined significantly, likely due to a reduction in the coverage of seagrass habitat and d 15 N values significantly increased, a trend we attribute to nutrient loading from a rapidly increasing human population. Our results demonstrate the utility of using marine mammal foraging habits to retrospectively assess the extent to which anthropogenic disturbance impacts coastal food webs.
An operating system development: Windows 3

Microsoft has continually refined what it has learned about developing great software into an architectural approach that is now called the Microsoft Solutions Framework (MSF). Within the umbrella of MSF concepts is Microsoft’s “methodology” the MSF Solutions Development Discipline (SDD). SDD describes the roles and responsibilities of product team members, the timeline and milestones they use for scheduling, and the development and testing techniques that go into creating shippable software. The author has used this process from the beginning and has watched it evolve over the years. The presentation takes you inside the Windows 1.x, 2.x, and 3.0 development teams at Microsoft. It describes what worked and what did not work during those projects. In addition, the author will describe how MSF concepts have been adapted to help numerous companies throughout the east coast of the United States. The SDD Team Model describes the six roles found inside any Microsoft team: Product Manager, Program Manager, Development, Testing, User Education, and Logistics. It also describes the interactions between each of these roles and how they work together as a “team of peers” to deliver the final product. The SDD Process Model describes the steps a team must go through and the deliverables they must generate in order to succeed. The SDD Process Model is an iterative model that uses the concepts of versioning and milestones. Major milestones include Vision/Scope Approved, Functional Spec Complete, Scope Complete, and Final Release. Deliverables include the Vision/Scope document, the Project Schedule, the Funtional Spec, and the product itself.
Hybrid biphasic microparticles based on polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes

Abstract Biphasic eggshell-like microparticles based on poly(e-caprolactone) (PCL)/octaisobutyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (octa-iBuPOSS) hybrid blends were prepared by controlling the phase separation process during single spinneret electrospraying. The biphasic eggshell-like microparticles contained a PCL-rich shell and a very hydrophobic octa-iBuPOSS-rich inner phase, which cannot be achieved otherwise. The study of octa-iBuPOSS-based model system demonstrates that the electrospraying can be employed to fabricate biphasic particles through manipulating the phase separation process. The facile fabrication of the eggshell-like particles reported here provided valuable insight into not only the controlled release of very hydrophobic drugs but also the surface coating of medical devices where hydrophobic molecules are necessary but required to be encapsulated inside biocompatible materials.
Comparison of the carnitine acyltransferase activities from rat liver peroxisomes and microsomes

Abstract Carnitine acyltransferase activities for acetyl- and octanoyl-CoA (coenzyme A) occur in isolated peroxisomal, mitochondrial, and microsomal fractions from rat and pig liver. Solubility studies indicated that both peroxisomal carnitine acyltransferases were in the soluble matrix. In contrast, the microsomal carnitine acyltransferases were tightly associated with their membrane. The microsomal short-chain transferase, carnitine acetyltransferase, was solubilized and stabilized by extensive treatment of the membrane with 0.4 m KCl or 0.3 m sucrose in 0.1 m pyrophosphate at pH 7.5. The same treatment only partially solubilized the microsomal medium-chain transferase, carnitine octanoyltransferase. Although half of the total carnitine acetyltransferase activity in rat liver resides in peroxisomes and microsomes, previous reports have only investigated the mitochondrial activity. Transferase activity for acetyl- and octanoyl-CoA were about equal in peroxisomal and in microsomal fractions. A 200-fold purification of peroxisomal and microsomal carnitine acetyltransferases was achieved using O -(diethylaminoethyl)-cellulose and cellulose phosphate chromatography. This short-chain transferase preparation contained less than 5% as much carnitine octanoyltransferase and acyl-CoA deacylase activities. This fact, plus differences in solubility and stability of the microsomal transferase system for acetyl- and octanoyl-CoA indicate the existence of two separate enzymes: a carnitine acetyltransferase and a carnitine octanoyltransferase in peroxisomes and in microsomes. Peroxisomal and microsomal carnitine acetyltransferases had similar properties and could be the same protein. They showed identical chromatographic behavior and had the same pH activity profiles and major isoelectric points. They also had the same apparent molecular weight by gel filtration (59,000) and the same relative velocities and K m values for several short-chain acyl-CoA substrates. Both were active with propionyl-, acetyl-, malonyl-, and acetyacetyl-CoA, but not with succinyl- and β-hydroxy-β-methylglutaryl-CoA as substrates.
Commercialism and Universities: An Ethical Analysis

This paper questions the ethicality of commercial relationships between universities and external donors. By examining cases such as technology transfer and the outside funding of research interests, we identify possible conflicts of interest between the external provider of financial support and academic institutions. The reality today is that university administrators, who have significant decision-making powers, proactively seek large corporate sources of funding that may compromise academic values including academic freedom and the ability to make institutional decisions without the influence of commercial interests. For example, Coca-Cola and Pepsi-Cola have provided extensive funding to universities in return for exclusivity rights to market their product on campuses even though such products may not be healthy alternatives to other soft drinks. Pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies may have opposing interests to faculty and universities if the results of research do not meet the expectations of the sponsors. Curricula issues may be slanted to promote the interests of a corporation or other provider of outside funding. Corporate partnerships between universities and companies such as Nike raise ethical questions when students or other members of the campus community object to the acceptance of financial support from a company that allegedly practices anti-social labor practices in developing countries. On the other hand, corporate funding can be used to supplement diminishing financial resources available to academic institutions, especially for public universities. One benefit of external funding is that it supports pharmaceutical and technology-oriented research and development into new products and processes that have the potential to serve the public good. One cost of such funding arrangements is that the acceptance of financial support from commercial interests solely to market their products on campus restricts the choices available to students that should exist in a free market economy such as in the U.S. The ethicality of the relationship between universities and commercial interests is a matter of concern because of the potential influence of providers of external funds to universities that can compromise academic freedom and objective decision making.
Effects of a waste paper product on soil phosphorus, carbon, and bulk density.

Applications of manures to agricultural fields have increased soil test values for P to high levels in parts of the USA and thus increased the likelihood that P will be transported to surface water and degrade its quality. Waste paper applications to soils with high STP (soil test P) may decrease the risk of P transport to surface water by decreasing DRP (dissolved reactive P) by the formation of insoluble Al–P complexes and providing organic matter to improve infiltration. A field experiment was conducted near Booneville, AR (USA) to assess the effects of different rates of a waste paper product addition on STP, soil bulk density, and total soil C with a soil with approximately 45 mg Bray1-P kg 21 soil (dry weight). A Leadvale silt loam soil (fine-silty, siliceous, thermic Typic Fragiudult) was amended with 0, 22, 44, or 88 Mg waste paper product ha 21 to supply approximately 90, 170, or 350 kg Al ha 21 , respectively. One year after additions, there was a strong negative correlation between waste paper product application rates and soil bulk density, and a strong positive correlation between rates and total soil C content. Soil bulk density and total C 2 yr after additions, and soil DRPand Bray1-P were not affected by waste paper additions. These results support the hypothesis that decreases in DRP in runoff from soils receiving waste paper additions were probably due to changes in soil organic matter and bulk density, rather than changes in the chemical forms of soil P.
Primary Central Nervous System Recurrence after Paclitaxel Therapy for Epithelial Ovarian Malignancy

Paclitaxel is currently being utilized to treat neoplasms which have a significant incidence of central nervous system metastases. It is, however, unclear as to whether paclitaxel crosses the blood-brain barrier. In this report, the authors describe a patient with refractory epithelial ovarian cancer treated with paclitaxel at 135 mg/m2/24 hr every 21 days. The patient achieved a complete clinical response of all abdominal and pelvic disease, but simultaneously developed central nervous system metastases. Paclitaxel was effective against the patient's abdominal and pelvic disease but was not protective against central nervous system metastasis.
Embolization of bleeding transverse pancreatic artery aneurysms

In patients with pancreatitis and blood loss, bleeding from visceral artery aneurysms should be suspected, especially in cases complicated by pseudocyst or abscess formation. We report of a patient with a transverse pancreatic artery aneurysm which was successfully embolized. In addition, decompression of the gastric varices associated with isolated splenic vein occlusion was performed successfully by Gelfoam embolization of 80% of the spleen.
Re-shaping our words, re-shaping our world: crimes against humanity and other signs of the times

Abstract This article employs the methods of discourse analysis (speech act theory (SAT), semiotics) to analyze the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia’s (ICTY) precedent-setting ruling which classified rape and sexual enslavement as crimes against humanity. Through the Tribunal’s speech acts of rendering a judgment and of finding defendants guilty, the Tribunal declared that rape is no longer considered an intrinsic part of war. Despite this advancement in International Humanitarian Law, a discourse analysis of the Tribunal’s speech acts reveals a fault line in human rights discourse concerning the historical dual categorization of women: as “women” and as “human.” This fault line is evidenced by a series of fissures which expose the instability of this categorization. The presence of these fissures challenges the world community, through entities such as the Tribunal, to continue to struggle with this categorization and thus continue to re-shape the realm of human rights.
Fibrin Clots Are Equilibrium Polymers That Can Be Remodeled Without Proteolytic Digestion

Fibrin polymerization is a necessary part of hemostasis but clots can obstruct blood vessels and cause heart attacks and strokes. The polymerization reactions are specific and controlled, involving strong knob-into-hole interactions to convert soluble fibrinogen into insoluble fibrin. It has long been assumed that clots and thrombi are stable structures until proteolytic digestion. On the contrary, using the technique of fluorescence recovery after photobleaching, we demonstrate here that there is turnover of fibrin in an uncrosslinked clot. A peptide representing the knobs involved in fibrin polymerization can compete for the holes and dissolve a preformed fibrin clot, or increase the fraction of soluble oligomers, with striking rearrangements in clot structure. These results imply that in vivo clots or thrombi are more dynamic structures than previously believed that may be remodeled as a result of local environmental conditions, may account for some embolization, and suggest a target for therapeutic intervention.
How many names are enough? Identifying network effects with the least set of listed contacts

How many names are enough to reveal network effects using a name generator for network analysis? We analyze network data from two large organizations varying in complexity. We ask how much the network association with achievement is strengthened by adding another name to the recorded list of each person's sociometric citations. We conclude that five names is the cost effective number of sociometric citations to record. The network association with achievement weakens quickly with fewer names, especially in the more clustered network.
Predicting Dental Flossing Behavior: The Role of Implicit and Explicit Responses and Beliefs

The study examined the ability of implicit responses to predict dental flossing behavior. It was hypothesized that adding implicit responses would increase the predictive power of models containing variables suggested by social cognitive theories. To test the hypothesis, 125 participants completed measures of social cognitive variables (e.g., self-efficacy, task-efficacy, planning intention, behavior intention) and performed a procedure designed to measure their implicit responses to flossing. Flossing behavior was measured with retrospective self-reports and a follow-up measure of flossing. As predicted, the addition of implicit responses to models containing the social cognitive variables increased the predictive power of the models for both the self-report and follow-up measures.
THOUGHT SELF‐LEADERSHIP: A SELF‐REGULATORY APPROACH TOWARDS OVERCOMING RESISTANCE TO ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE

One major stream of organizational change research focuses on the relationship between senior level employees' cognitions and organizations' responses to change. It is argued here that the cognitive component is important towards how all members (not only top executives) of organizations react and respond to change. In this article, I examine the application of a cognitive process recently introduced into the organizational behavior literature, thought self‐leadership, to the organizational change process. Particularly, this application will focus on how thought self‐leadership can enhance employees' perceptions of specific organizational change. Additionally, a training‐based field experiment is discussed to illustrate and provide support for the arguments proposed.
Bioelectrochemical Magnetic Immunosensing of Trichloropyridinol: A Potential Insecticide Biomarker

A magnetic beads-based bioelectrochemical magnetic immunosensor was developed for the fast and sensitive determination of the trichloropyridinol (TCP) biomarker in environmental samples. After liquid phrase competitive immunoreaction among a limited amount of TCP antibody coated-magnetic beads (Ab-MBs), TCP analyte, and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) labeled TCP (HRP-TCP), a magnet/glassy carbon (MGC) electrode was used to collect a TCP-Abs-MBs and a HRP-TCP-Ab-MBs immunocomplex assembly. The activity of HRP tracers bound to the beads was monitored with highly sensitive square wave voltammetry (SWV) by accumulating an electroactive enzymatic product to the MGC electrode surface under constant potential (0.5 V) during enzymatic reaction in the presence of 3’,3’,5’,5’-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB)-H2O2 substrate solution. The electrochemical characteristics of substrate and product were investigated, and the parameters of the immunoassay were optimized.
The bioluminescence emission spectra of Pyrosoma atlanticum, P. spinosum (Tunicata), Euphausia tenera (Crustacea) and Gonostoma sp. (Pisces)

As Moseley (1879) noted, it may be imprudent to assume there must always be a ‘reason’ for observed displays of bioluminescence. However, knowledge of the colour of the light emitted may be useful for examining some of the theories about the function of marine bioluminescence. Certainly the colour of the light is important in predicting the rate of its attenuation in sea water, and the ease of perception of the light by the organism itself, or by potential predators, prey, or mates. In addition, the colour of the light may indicate something about the compounds responsible for producing the light. The present paper presents some bioluminescent emission spectra of freshly caught organisms from the Sargasso Sea.
Phonetic inventory changes after treating distinctions along an implicational hierarchy

Dinnsen, Chin, Elbert, and Powell (1990) described an implicational hierarchy of feature distinctions that characterized five inventory types for a group of phonologically disordered children. The presence of a feature associated with a more complex phonetic inventory implied the presence of all the distinctive features from less complex levels. In the present study two phonologically impaired subjects, ages 2;8 and 2; 10, with limited phonetic inventories, received treatment to add phonetic distinctions based on this implicational hierarchy. One subject was treated on a distinction from a more complex level in the hierarchy and the other on a less complex distinction. Treatment was applied in two 9-week blocks separated by 5-week withdrawal periods in which generalization probes were administered. Both children learned their target sounds; however, only the child treated on the complex distinction added sounds reflecting less complex distinctions without direct treatment. This subject added 12 sounds com...
Preservation of Plankton Shells in an Anaerobic Basin off California

The sill depth (480 m) in the Santa Barbara Basin, California, separates two strikingly different planktonic sediment assemblages. The anaerobic part of the basin below the sill depth contains abundant aragomtic shells (pteropods and pelecy-pods) and relatively high concentrations of calcitic shells (planktonic foraminifera). In the oxygenated region above sill depth there are no aragonitic shells and concentrations of planktonic foraminifera are much reduced. Percentages of species, size classes, and morphological variants of planktonic foraminifera differ between samples from above and below the sill depth. In contrast, concentrations and faunal composition of siliceous shells (radiolarians and diatoms) apparently are essentially the same above and below the sill. The most important mechanism responsible for the differences between oxygenated and anaerobic calcareous assemblages probably is selective dissolution. Bottom transport may also be important, especially for slowly settling shells that may frequently be returned to suspension by benthomc activity in the aerobic region and consequently settle preferentially in the undisturbed anaerobic region. The accumulation rate of large planktonic fora-minifera in the anaerobic sediment provides an excellent measure of shell output. Comparison with the standing stock of planktonic foraminifera in the productive surface waters yields minimum turnover times of 2 to 3 weeks for the living planktonic foraminifera in the Santa Barbara Basin.
Changes in composition of neogene benthic foraminiferal faunas in equatorial Pacific and North Atlantic

Thomas, E., 1986. Changes in composition of Neogene benthic foraminiferal faunas in equatorial Pacific and North Atlantic. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclimatol., Palaeoecol., 53: 47--61. Deep sea benthic foraminiferal faunas were studied from three DSDP sites in the equatorial Pacific (Leg 85, depth about 4.5 kin), and two DSDP sites in the North Atlantic (Leg 94, depth 3.5 and 2.5 km), for the interval between 25 and 0 Ma. The number of first appearances (FA's) and last appearances (LA's) of taxa in the early to middle Miocene was similar at all sites, despite differences in location and depth. Specific events, however, were rarely coeval at several sites, even within the Pacific. Changes in faunal composition began earlier (at about 18 Ma) in the equatorial Pacific than in the North Atlantic (about 15.5 Ma); these changes affected between about 20 and 30% of the total fauna. There is no simple, globally valid correlation between the changes in composition of the benthic foraminiferal faunas and events in oxygen and carbon isotopic records. The FA of Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi, however, appears to be coeval with the increase in oxygen isotopic ratios in the early middle Miocene.
Drift transforms and Green function estimates for discontinuous processes

In this paper, we consider Girsanov transforms of pure jump type for discontinuous Markov processes. We show that, under some quite natural conditions, the Green functions of the Girsanov transformed process are comparable to those of the original process. As an application of the general results, the drift transform of symmetric stable processes is studied in detail. In particular, we show that the relativistic a-stable process in a bounded C 1;1 -smooth open set D can be obtained from symmetric a-stable process in D through a combination of a pure jump Girsanov transform and a Feynman–Kac transform. From this, we deduce that the Green functions for these two processes in D are comparable.
Carbon Uptake Response by Sertoli Cells and Epithelial Cells Lining the Duct System of the Japanese Quail (Cotumix Coturnix Japonica)

Abstract MAXIMOW (1899) believed that Sertoli cells actively ingested dead and dying germ cells. Over the years several workers have claimed an increased phagocytic ability of Sertoli cells when the testes were injured by a variety of damaging procedures such as: interruption of the testicular artery (Oettle and Harrison, 1952), effects of hypophysectomy (Mc- Leod et al., 1966), exposure to x-irradiation (Hugon and Borgus, 1965), or occlusion of ductuli efferantes (Smith, 1962). Recently, Clegg and MacMillan (1965) reported that Sertoli cells possessed some of the characteristics of cells of the reticuloendothelial system (RES) and have postulated that these cells play a part in removing degenerated cells from the germinal epithelium both in health and disease. Studies on the physiological effects of the chlorinated insecticide Kepone (93 + % dechalorooctahydro-l,3,4-metheno-2Hcyclobutal( cd)pentalen-2-one) fed to laboratory animals indicate that it is an estrogenic compound. When fed to female mice there is a reduced reproduction…
The arthroscopic treatment of unicompartmental gonarthrosis: a five-year follow-up study of abrasion arthroplasty plus arthroscopic debridement and arthroscopic debridement alone.

Abstract A retrospective review with a mean follow-up time of 60 months was performed on 126 patients who had treatment of unicompartmental gonarthrosis with either abrasion arthroplasty plus arthroscopic debridement or arthroscopic debridement alone. Fifty-nine patients had abrasion arthroplasty and arthroscopic debridement, and 67 patients had arthroscopic debridement alone. All patients had stage II Ahlba¨ck changes roentgenographically, as well as Outerbridge stage IV changes arthroscopically in the involved compartment. All the knees were evaluated postoperatively at a minimum of 60 months, utilizing The Hospital For Special Surgery Knee Scoring System. In the group treated with abrasion arthroplasty, 51% had good to excellent results, 16% had fair results, and 33% had poor results. The conditions of ten of the patients who had poor results actually became worse subsequent to their abrasion arthroplasty. In the group that had arthroscopic debridement, 66% had good to excellent results, 13% had fair results, and 21% had poor results. The conditions of 12 of the patients who had poor results actually became worse subsequent to the arthroscopic debridement.
Covalently interconnected and separated vanadosilicate shells

Four new compounds containing vanadosilicate clusters have been synthesized by hydrothermal reactions The clusters are derived from the [V18O42] Keggin cluster by substitution of V=O caps by Si2O(O,OH)2 species. In Cs9[(V15Si6O46(OH)2Cl)(V2O4)](H2O)6.2, 1, the [V15Si6O46(OH)2] cluster shells are covalently interconnected by VO4 tetrahedra to form an infinite layer. In ((CH3)4N)4[V15Si6O42(OH)6(H2O)](H2O)20, 2, and ((CH3)4N)4(V(H2O)6)2/3 [V15Si6O42(OH)6 (H2O)](H2O), 3, separated [V15Si6O42(OH)6] cluster shells are interlinked by hydrogen bonds to form frameworks with wide channel systems. The separated cluster shell in ((CH3)4N)4((CH3)2NH2)((CH3)2NH) [V14Si8O42(OH)8(HCO2)] (H2O)4.7, 4, has four Si2O(OH)2 species in a tetrahedral configuration. The 2D structure of 1 and 0D structures of 2-4 complement the known 1D and 3D structures formed from such vanadosilicate shells.
A two-channel, tunable diode laser-based hygrometer for measurement of water vapor and cirrus cloud ice water content in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere

Abstract. The recently developed NOAA Water instrument is a two-channel, closed-path, tunable diode laser absorption spectrometer designed for the measurement of upper troposphere/lower stratosphere water vapor and enhanced total water (vapor + inertially enhanced condensed phase) from the NASA Global Hawk unmanned aircraft system (UAS) or other high-altitude research aircraft. The instrument utilizes wavelength-modulated spectroscopy with second harmonic detection near 2694 nm to achieve high precision with a 79 cm double-pass optical path. The detection cells are operated under constant temperature, pressure, and flow conditions to maintain a constant sensitivity to H2O independent of the ambient sampling environment. An onboard calibration system is used to perform periodic in situ calibrations to verify the stability of the instrument sensitivity during flight. For the water vapor channel, ambient air is sampled perpendicular to the flow past the aircraft in order to reject cloud particles, while the total water channel uses a heated, forward-facing inlet to sample both water vapor and cloud particles. The total water inlet operates subisokinetically, thereby inertially enhancing cloud particle number in the sample flow and affording increased cloud water content sensitivity. The NOAA Water instrument was flown for the first time during the second deployment of the Airborne Tropical TRopopause EXperiment (ATTREX) in February–March 2013 on the NASA Global Hawk UAS. The instrument demonstrated a typical in-flight precision (1 s, 1σ) of better than 0.17 parts per million (ppm, 10−6 mol mol−1), with an overall H2O vapor measurement uncertainty of 5% ± 0.23 ppm. The inertial enhancement for cirrus cloud particle sampling under ATTREX flight conditions ranged from 33 to 48 for ice particles larger than 8 μm in diameter, depending primarily on aircraft altitude. The resulting ice water content detection limit (2σ) was 0.023–0.013 ppm, corresponding to approximately 2 μg m−3, with an estimated overall uncertainty of 20%.
Evolution in the Office: How Evolutionary Psychology Can Increase Employee Health, Happiness, and Productivity

We review the empirical literature that has implemented aspects of our ancestral environment into the workplace and discuss the positive influence these factors have had on employees' physical and psychological health. We focus upon several components of our ancestral environment, including sunlight, greenery, sleep, physical movement, and social interaction with fellow humans as well as animals (specifically, dogs). Employers who are willing to adopt an evolutionary psychological approach to organizing their workplaces may drastically improve their workers' overall physical and psychological health as well as their overall productivity. This will, in turn, decrease employer costs related to medical care, absenteeism, and lack of productivity. Suggestions regarding how to implement these evolutionary psychological methods to the workplace are also discussed.
Dermatologist and gastroenterologist awareness of the potential of immunosuppressants used to treat inflammatory bowel disease to cause non-melanoma skin cancer.

Background Immunosuppressants used to treat inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) may contribute towards the development of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC). Few studies have documented this increase in risk. Methods A mail-in survey was sent to practicing dermatologists and gastroenterologists in the state of Hawaii, USA. These physicians were asked if they had patients with IBD on immunosuppressants with NMSC and if they were aware of an association between immunosuppressants used in IBD and the occurrence of NMSC. Physicians were located via the Yellow Pages telephone directory and the websites http://www.healthgrades.com and http://www.ucomparehealthcare.com. Results Of the 96 surveys delivered, 45 were returned for analysis. Overall, 73.3% of responding physicians knew about an association between NMSC and immunosuppressants for IBD, but 26.7% had no knowledge of this association. When respondents were categorized according to specialty, 90.9% of dermatologists reported knowing about this association, but only 46.2% of responding gastroenterologists reported this awareness (P = 0.0034). Of the respondents who did not provide details of their specialty, 70.0% reported knowledge of the association. Conclusions Immunosuppressants are helpful in controlling IBD symptoms and progression but should only be used after a thorough assessment of their risks and benefits in each patient. After the initiation of immunosuppressants, patients should have access to appropriate preventative and treatment modalities for NMSC.
An SPR approach for adaptive output feedback control with neural networks

A direct adaptive output feedback control design procedure is developed for highly uncertain nonlinear systems, that does not rely on state estimation. The approach is also applicable to systems of unknown, but bounded dimension. This includes systems with both parametric uncertainties and unmodelled dynamics. This result is achieved by extending the universal function approximation property of linearly parameterized neural networks to model unknown system dynamics from input/output data. The network weight adaptation rule is derived from Lyapunov stability analysis, that guarantees boundedness of the NN weights and the system tracking errors. Numerical simulations of an output feedback controlled Van der Pol oscillator, coupled with a linear oscillator, are used to illustrate the practical potential of the theoretical results.
Water Management Scheme for a 3-kW JP-8 Steam Reformer-SOFC Power System

Diesel or JP-8 fueled SOFC power systems are envisioned for both critical and non-critical military use such as auxiliary power units (APUs), portable power, tent cities, camp kitchens, and permanent stationary power [1]. A system that eliminates or minimizes the addition of make-up water is a great advantage in these applications. This paper presents an approach for water recovery from the spent anode exhaust gas for use in the JP-8 steam reformer [2]. A key objective of this on-going effort is to configure an internal water management scheme for the system to recover water for the JP-8 fuel processor steam-reforming requirements. The approach used was to combust the water-laden SOFC anode exhaust gas (AEG), condense and recycle the water to the reformer. HYSYS simulation performed on the configured system indicated that over 91% of fuel processor water requirements can be obtained in this approach to maintain a steam-to-carbon (S/C) ratio of 4. The S/C ratio was set at 4 to ensure a high JP-8 conversion and prevent carbon formation in the reformer. Operational tests at simulated system conditions confirmed >91% water recovery as predicted. System tests of this scheme indicate that it is feasible to combust and recover product water for reforming, minimizing makeup water requirements. The results from the system tests are promising for configuring stationary power systems for military use where water availability is limited.Copyright © 2008 by ASME and U.S. Government
Frequency independent sinusoidal suppression using median filters

The author proposes the use of a modified median filter operating in the frequency domain for the detection and suppression of narrowband signals of sufficient power, without regard to their center frequency, bandwidth, or peak power. This approach performs better than traditional linear filters (such as notch filters), and it offers several other significant advantages over similar techniques that have been used so far. A primary application of the approach is antijamming protection of direct-sequence spread-spectrum systems. >
Efficient integrated DC-DC power converters - Advanced technologies and new challenges

Advanced circuit component, packaging, and thermal management technologies are critically evaluated for developing efficient integrated DC-DC power converters; and, important challenges and potential limitations are identified. It is shown that heterogeneous chip-scale integration of GaN power FETs, silicon CMOS control, integrated power inductors, and microchip capacitors using the new high-density, low-loss Quilt Packaging™ (QP) promises efficiency performance breakthroughs never seen before with integrated silicon DC-DC power converter chips. Thermal constraints arising from the heating of GaN power FETs and integrated chip-scale power inductors not only require advanced cooling, but also will ultimately limit the scalability, performance, and reliability of this important emerging technology.
Contrasting Roles of Endosomal pH and the Cytoskeleton in Infection of Human Glial Cells by JC Virus and Simian Virus 40

Infection of eukaryotic cells by pathogens requires the efficient use of host cell endocytic and cytoplasmic transport mechanisms. Understanding how these cellular functions are exploited by microorganisms allows us to better define the basic biology of pathogenesis while providing better insight into normal cellular functions. In this report we compare and contrast intracellular transport and trafficking of the human polyomavirus JC virus (JCV) with that of simian virus 40 (SV40). We have previously shown that infection of human glial cells by JCV requires clathrin-dependent endocytosis. In contrast, infection of cells by SV40 proceeds by caveola-dependent endocytosis. We now examine the roles of endosomal pH and the cellular cytoskeleton during infection of glial cells by both viruses. Our results demonstrate that JCV infection is sensitive to disruption of endosomal pH, whereas SV40 infection is pH independent. Infection by JCV is inhibited by treatment of glial cells with cytochalasin D, nocodazole, and acrylamide, whereas SV40 infection is affected only by nocodazole. These data point to critical differences between JCV and SV40 in terms of endocytosis and intracellular trafficking of their DNA genomes to the nucleus. These data also suggest a unique sequential involvement of cytoskeletal elements during infection of glial cells by JCV.
Reconstruction of the metacarpophalangeal joint with autogenous metatarsal.

Restoration of the articular surface of a damaged or lost metacarpal head is necessary for adequate function of the metacarpophalangeal joint. Although several salvage procedures have been described, none has been as satisfactory as the metatarsal transfer. This report describes the functional outcome of a patient who had a metatarsal transfer to replace the metacarpal involved by giant cell tumors. Follow-up 2 1/4 years after the transfer showed good maintanence of the joint space and excellent joint function.
Colonization of Reproductive Organs and Internal Contamination of Eggs After Experimental Infection of Laying Hens with Salmonella heidelberg and Salmonella enteritidis

Resumen RESUMEN. Colonizacion de los organos reproductivos y contaminacion interna de los huevos despues de la infeccion experimental de ponedoras comerciales con Salmonella heidelberg y Salmonella enteritidis. La contaminacion interna en huevos obtenidos a partir de gallinas contaminadas con Salmonella enteritidis ha sido un punto de preocupacion prominente en el area de salud publica a nivel internacional desde mediados de la decada de 1980. Durante este periodo se han asignado cuantiosos recursos para la deteccion y control de las infecciones por Salmonella enteritidis en parvadas de ponedoras comerciales. Recientemente, los centros para el control y prevencion de enfermedades han reportado que existe una asociacion significativa entre los huevos y los alimentos que contienen huevo, y la infeccion por S. heidelberg en humanos. El presente estudio determino si cepas de S. heidelberg, aisladas a partir de muestras tomadas en brotes de enfermedad asociados al consumo de huevos en humanos, eran capaces de ...
Does the Adult Stroma Contain Stem Cells

Abstract It is well accepted that adult mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) comprise subpopulations of cells sharing common phenotypical and functional properties. However, there is emerging evidence that MSC subpopulations may also feature distinct characteristics. This chapter focuses on MSC subpopulations reflecting their possible stem cell properties relative to defined pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) such as embryonic stem cells (ESCs) or induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). This attempt at an ontogenetic reflection on MSCs can be useful for both basic and translational research in the field.
On computing minimal independent support and its applications to sampling and counting

Constrained sampling and counting are two fundamental problems arising in domains ranging from artificial intelligence and security, to hardware and software testing. Recent approaches to approximate solutions for these problems rely on employing SAT solvers and universal hash functions that are typically encoded as XOR constraints of length n/2 for an input formula with n variables. As the runtime performance of SAT solvers heavily depends on the length of XOR constraints, recent research effort has been focused on reduction of length of XOR constraints. Consequently, a notion of Independent Support was proposed, and it was shown that constructing XORs over independent support (if known) can lead to a significant reduction in the length of XOR constraints without losing the theoretical guarantees of sampling and counting algorithms. In this paper, we present the first algorithmic procedure (and a corresponding tool, called MIS) to determine minimal independent support for a given CNF formula by employing a reduction to group minimal unsatisfiable subsets (GMUS). By utilizing minimal independent supports computed by MIS, we provide new tighter bounds on the length of XOR constraints for constrained counting and sampling. Furthermore, the universal hash functions constructed from independent supports computed by MIS provide two to three orders of magnitude performance improvement in state-of-the-art constrained sampling and counting tools, while still retaining theoretical guarantees.
Stakeholder Engagement in a Patient-Reported Outcomes (PRO) Measure Implementation: A Report from the SAFTINet Practice-based Research Network (PBRN)

Purpose: Patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures offer value for clinicians and researchers, although priorities and value propositions can conflict. PRO implementation in clinical practice may benefit from stakeholder engagement methods to align research and clinical practice stakeholder perspectives. The objective is to demonstrate the use of stakeholder engagement in PRO implementation. Method: Engaged stakeholders represented researchers and clinical practice representatives from the SAFTINet practice-based research network (PBRN). A stakeholder engagement process involving iterative analysis, deliberation, and decision making guided implementation of a medication adherence PRO measure (the Medication Adherence Survey [MAS]) for patients with hypertension and/or hyperlipidemia. Results: Over 9 months, 40 of 45 practices (89%) implemented the MAS, collecting 3,247 surveys (mean = 72, median = 30, range: 0 - 416). Facilitators included: an electronic health record (EHR) with readily modifiable templates; existing staff, tools and workflows in which the MAS could be integrated (e.g., health risk appraisals, hypertension-specific visits, care coordinators); and engaged leadership and quality improvement teams. Conclusion: Stakeholder engagement appeared useful for promoting PRO measure implementation in clinical practice, in a way that met the needs of both researchers and clinical practice stakeholders. Limitations of this approach and opportunities for improving the PRO data collection infrastructure in PBRNs are discussed.
The thoracic duct: clinical importance, anatomic variation, imaging, and embolization

The thoracic duct is the body’s largest lymphatic conduit, draining upwards of 75 % of lymphatic fluid and extending from the cisterna chyli to the left jugulovenous angle. While a typical course has been described, it is estimated that it is present in only 40-60% of patients, often complicating already challenging interventional procedures. The lengthy course predisposes the thoracic duct to injury from a variety of iatrogenic disruptions, as well as spontaneous benign and malignant lymphatic obstructions and idiopathic causes. Disruption of the thoracic duct frequently results in chylothoraces, which subsequently cause an immunocompromised state, contribute to nutritional depletion, and impair respiratory function. Although conservative dietary treatments exist, the majority of thoracic duct disruptions require embolization in the interventional suite. This article provides a comprehensive review of the clinical importance of the thoracic duct, relevant anatomic variants, imaging, and embolization techniques for both diagnostic and interventional radiologists as well as for the general medical practitioner. • Describe clinical importance, embryologic origin, and typical course of the thoracic duct. • Depict common/lesser-known thoracic duct anatomic variants and discuss their clinical significance. • Outline the common causes of thoracic duct injury and indications for embolization. • Review the thoracic duct embolization procedure including both pedal and intranodal approaches. • Present and illustrate the success rates and complications associated with the procedure.
Crafting Copyright Law to Encourage and Protect User-Generated Content in the Internet Social Networking Context

In the online social networking context, the constitutional purpose of the Copyright Clause will best be served by establishing relatively clear guidelines through legislation and court decisions that protect the ability of users and creators of works, including derivative works, to utilize the full capabilities of social networking technologies and the technologies that help make networks so vibrant – without having to depend upon the mercurial forbearance of copyright holders. In this essay, I propose that the copyright law in the online social networking context should explicitly authorize the sorts of interactions generally done by online social network participants now. Codifying current practice would cause little if any negative impact to the creation of and commercial exploitation of copyrighted works for those wanting to do so. To the extent there would be any negative impact, it would be insubstantial, and financial incentives attendant to the copyright monopoly for the creation of new works would still be more than sufficient – music, literature, and movies would still be created and commercially exploited. The purpose of the Copyright Act is not to protect business models that become outmoded; it is to protect the societal interest in the creation and distribution of copyrighted works.
Fleas on gray foxes in New Mexico.

From April 1992 to April 1993, fleas were collected from 15 gray foxes, Urocyon cinereoargenteus Schreber, in New Mexico. Flea species collected were Cediopsylla inaequalis inaequalis Baker (14/15), Echidnophaga gallinacea (Westwood) (1/15), Euhophpsyllus glacialis affinis Baker (10/15), Foxella ignota Baker (1/15), Pulex irritans (L.) (6/15), and Pulex simulans Baker (15/15). C. i. inaequalis and F. ignota are new host records for gray foxes. The collection of C. i. inaequalis, E. g. affinis, F. ignota , and P. simulans are new host records for New Mexico. Fleas on gray foxes in the Southwest are reviewed.
Computational Environment for the Development of an FAA Compliant Flight Simulator

The objective of this paper is to present the formulation and implementation of a design strategy for the development of an aircraft simulation model meeting the US Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) regulations for flight simulator performance. The proposed methodology is based on using flight test data in combination with analytical and empirical modeling tools and relies strongly on iterative series of simulation tests performed on a motion-based flight simulator. The steps of this process include: the selection of the flight data segments and conversion into usable formats, the development of a preliminary aerodynamic model using a number of parameter identification techniques, the tuning of the aerodynamic model to meet FAA objective tests, and the tuning to meet FAA subjective tests. The Simulink simulation environment within Matlab was used due to its capabilities, flexibility, and portability. Several interactive computational tools have been developed to support the design process and are presented in this paper. The demonstration of the proposed design strategy is performed using altered flight test data from a business class jet aircraft.
ELEVATED SERUM FIBRINOGEN LEVEL IS ASSOCIATED WITH LONG-TERM MAJOR ADVERSE CARDIAC EVENTS FOLLOWING PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION

Elevated fibrinogen is associated with short-term major adverse cardiac events (MACE) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The relationship between pre-procedural fibrinogen and long-term MACE after PCI is unknown. Individuals undergoing elective or urgent (acute coronary syndrome [ACS