cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Intranasal Zinc and Anosmia: The Zinc‐Induced Anosmia Syndrome

Objective: Commercial preparations of intranasal zinc gluconate gel are marketed as a remedy for the common cold. However, intranasal zinc has been reported as a cause of anosmia in humans and animals. Seventeen patients presenting with anosmia after the use of intranasal zinc gluconate are described. Methods: The authors conducted a retrospective case series of patients presenting to a nasal dysfunction clinic and conducted complete history and physical examination on all patients, including nasal endoscopy. All patients underwent detailed odor threshold and identification testing. Results: Threshold and identification testing revealed impaired olfaction in all patients. Inflammatory and traumatic causes of anosmia were excluded based on history, physical examination, and imaging. All patients diagnosed with zinc-induced anosmia or hyposmia reported sniffing deeply when applying the gel. This was followed by an immediate sensation of burning lasting minutes to hours. Loss of sense of smell was then perceived within 48 hours. Seven of 17 patients never developed symptoms of an upper respiratory infection. Conclusions: The zinc-induced anosmia syndrome, characterized by squirt, sniff, burn, and anosmia, occurs after the exposure of olfactory epithelium to zinc cation. It can be distinguished from postviral anosmia based on history.
Exacerbation of spontaneously occurring arteriosclerosis in breeder rats following chronic treatment with cortisone.

Summary Male and female rats bred repeatedly develop arteriosclerosis spontaneously. Arteriosclerotic breeder rats and non-arteriosclerotic virgin rats were given chronic injections of cortisone. The arteriosclerotic animals showed the most significant catabolic effects due to overdose with steroid. Most importantly, the excess glucocorticoid caused an acceleration of the usual pattern of development of the arterial disease and increased severity of the pre-existing arteriosclerosis in breeder rats. Chronic injection of steroid did not induce arterial damage in previously non-arteriosclerotic virgin animals. It is believed that the increased activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in repeatedly bred rats leads to increased endogenous steroid levels which conditions the arterial wall towards derangement of connective tissue ground substance and elements and to the development of arteriosclerosis. Exogenous steroid treatment causes exacerbation of previously existing arterial lesions.
The penetration of some cations into muscle.

The influx of Na + , K + , Rb + , and Cs + into frog sartorius muscle has been followed. The results show that a maximum rate is found for K + , while Na + and Cs + penetrate much more slowly. Similar measurements with Ca ++ , Ba ++ , and Ra ++ show that Ba ++ penetrates at a rate somewhat greater than that of either Ca ++ or Ra ++ . All these divalent cations, however, penetrate at rates much slower than do the alkali cations. The results obtained are discussed with reference to a model that has been developed to explain the different penetration rates for the alkali cations.
ATM-mediated stabilization of ZEB1 promotes DNA damage response and radioresistance through CHK1

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is associated with characteristics of breast cancer stem cells, including chemoresistance and radioresistance. However, it is unclear whether EMT itself or specific EMT regulators play causal roles in these properties. Here we identify an EMT-inducing transcription factor, zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1), as a regulator of radiosensitivity and DNA damage response. Radioresistant subpopulations of breast cancer cells derived from ionizing radiation exhibit hyperactivation of the kinase ATM and upregulation of ZEB1, and the latter promotes tumour cell radioresistance in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, ATM phosphorylates and stabilizes ZEB1 in response to DNA damage, ZEB1 in turn directly interacts with USP7 and enhances its ability to deubiquitylate and stabilize CHK1, thereby promoting homologous recombination-dependent DNA repair and resistance to radiation. These findings identify ZEB1 as an ATM substrate linking ATM to CHK1 and the mechanism underlying the association between EMT and radioresistance.
A successful model to assess embryo development after transplantation of prophase nuclei

BACKGROUND: Germinal vesicle transplantation (GVT) provides a means of investigating interactions between karyoplasts and cytoplasts isolated from different cells. Technically, GVT can be accomplished with a high degree of efficiency without compromising the maturation of either the human or mouse oocyte nucleus. Although maturation, fertilization and preimplantation development have been established using GVT, full-term development has been reported only after supplementation with fresh mature ooplasm. In this study, we assess the ability of immature oocytes collected from gonadotrophin-primed ovaries to mature in vitro after GVT and develop to full-term. METHODS: GV oocytes were retrieved from either non-stimulated or pregnant mare's serum gonadotrophin (PMSG)-primed female mice. Microsurgically isolated GV karyoplasts were transplanted into previously enucleated oocytes. Oocytes successfully reconstituted by electrofusion were cultured for 14 h to allow nuclear maturation. Metaphase II oocytes were subjected to Piezo-ICSI, and those fertilized normally were cultured to the blastocyst stage. Some such embryos were transferred to pseudopregnant female mice to examine their potential for normal development. Cumulus-denuded non-manipulated oocytes that were matured in vitro served as controls. RESULTS: The reconstitution and maturation rates were comparable in oocytes isolated from PMSG-primed and from unstimulated ovaries. The rate of normal fertilization in oocytes from primed ovaries was significantly higher than that of their non-primed counterparts (63.5 versus 39.6%; P < 0.01). This difference was also confirmed in terms of blastocyst development (31.8 versus 7.9%; P < 0.01). Of a total of 70 embryos transferred to the oviduct of five recipient mice, 21.4% developed to normal live offspring. All developed as normal adults and proved to be fertile. The live birth rate was comparable to that obtained using non-manipulated control oocytes (22.3%). CONCLUSIONS: Higher rates of fertilization and blastocyst formation were obtained after GVT of mouse oocytes isolated from PMSG-primed ovaries compared with their non-primed counterparts. These represent the first mouse offspring derived from in vitro matured, cumulus-denuded oocytes treated by allo-GVT and fertilized by ICSI. Thus, GVT appears not to impair oocyte maturation, fertilization and pre- and post-implantation development and, after gonadotrophin priming, allows generation of healthy mouse offspring without mature ooplasm supplementation.
Analysis of Cluster-Randomized Experiments: A Comparison of Alternative Estimation Approaches

Analysts of cluster-randomized field experiments have an array of estimation techniques to choose from. Using Monte Carlo simulation, we evaluate the properties of point estimates and standard errors (SEs) generated by ordinary least squares (OLS) as applied to both individual-level and cluster-level data. We also compare OLS to alternative random effects estimators, such as generalized least squares (GLS). Our simulations assess efficiency across a variety of scenarios involving varying sample sizes and numbers of clusters. Our results confirm that conventional OLS SEs are severely biased downward and that, for all estimators, gains in efficiency come mainly from increasing the number of clusters, not increasing the number of individuals within clusters. We find relatively minor differences across alternative estimation approaches, but GLS seems to enjoy a slight edge in terms of the efficiency of its point estimates and the accuracy of its SEs. We illustrate the application of alternative estimation approaches using a clustered experiment in which Rock the Vote TV advertisements were used to encourage young voters in 85 cable TV markets to vote in the 2004 presidential election.
An analytical model for loop tiling and its solution

The authors address the problem of estimating the performance of loop tiling, an important program transformation for improved memory hierarchy utilization. We introduce an analytical model for estimating the memory cost of a loop nest as a rational polynomial in tile size variables. We also present a constant-time algorithm for finding an optimal solution to the model (i.e., for selecting optimal tile sizes) for the case of doubly nested loops. This solution can be applied to tiling of three loops by performing an iterative search on the value of the first tile size variable, and using the constant-time algorithm at each point in the search to obtain optimal tile size values for the remaining two loops. Our solution is efficient enough to be used in production-quality optimizing compilers, and has been implemented in the IBM XL Fortran product compilers. This solution can also be used by processor designers to efficiently predict the performance of a set of tiled loops for a range of memory hierarchy parameters.
Waveform-level precoding with simple energy detector receiver for wideband communication

Wideband waveform-level precoding with simple energy detector receiver is investigated in this paper. The motivation is to provide a cheap radio network with simple receivers and sophisticated transmitters. The energy detector receiver performs relatively poorly, but waveform-level precoding can be used to compensate for the performance loss. Waveform-level precoding is a transmitter-side processing taking advantage of known channel information. Given channel impulse response (CIR), transmitted waveform can be optimized in some criterion. In this paper the optimization goal is to maximize an equivalent signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the receiver, assuming no inter-symbol-interference (ISI). Close-form expressions are derived based on the Park's empirical model for evaluating the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) of energy-detector. Numerical approach is adopted to handle continuous time signals. Channel data measured in office area is used to obtain numerical results. Performance comparison with time reversal precoding as benchmark shows that the optimal waveform can offer gains of several decibels.
Proteasome inhibition attenuates hepatic injury in the bile duct-ligated mouse

Proteasome inhibition has recently been demonstrated to inhibit hepatic fibrogenesis in the bile duct-ligated (BDL) mouse by blocking stellate cell NF-κB activation. The effect of proteasome inhibi...
In vivo imaging of unstained tissues using a compact and flexible multiphoton microendoscope

Weuseacompactandflexiblemultiphotonmicro- endoscope (MPME) to acquire in vivo images of unstained liver, kidney, and colon from an anesthetized rat. The device delivers femtosecond pulsed 800 nm light from the core of a raster-scanned dual-clad fiber (DCF), which is focused by a miniaturized gradient-index lens assembly into tissue. Intrin- sicfluorescenceandsecond-harmonicgenerationsignalfrom the tissue is epi-collected through the core and inner clad of thesameDCF.TheMPMEhasarigiddistaltipof3mminouter diameter and 4 cm in length. The image field-of-view mea- sures 115 μm by 115 μm and was acquired at 4.1 frames/s with 75 mW illumination power at the sample. Organs were imaged after anesthetizing Sprague-Dawley rats with isofluorane gas, accessing tissues via a ventral-midline abdominal incision, and isolating the organs with tongue depressors. In vivo multiphoton images acquired from liver, kidney, and colon using this device show features similar to that of conventional histology slides, without motion arti- fact,in ∼75%ofimagedframes.Tothebestofourknowledge, this is the first demonstration of multiphoton imaging of unstained tissue from a live subject using a compact and flexible MPME device. © 2012 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation
Enhancement of Residual Echo for Improved Frequency-Domain Acoustic Echo Cancellation

This paper explores the technique of integrating a noise suppressing nonlinearity to the adaptive filter error feedback loop of the frequency-domain acoustic echo canceler (AEC) when there is a continuous additive noise at the near-end. It was shown in a previous study that in the time-domain AEC case, both the echo return loss enhancement (ERLE) and the misalignment from using normalized least-mean-squares (NLMS) can be improved through the error enhancement procedure. By applying the same technique to the frequency-domain AEC, namely the generalized multidelay filter (GMDF), the misalignment can be decreased by around 5 dB on average in a numerical simulation, whereas the ERLE can be increased by 2 dB on average and by over 5 dB at some instances in a real acoustic environment. New results further support the idea that reducing the effects of distortion to the cancellation error helps to improve the performance of an adaptive filter.
Middle Range Theory of Traumatic Childbirth: The Ever-Widening Ripple Effect

A middle range theory of traumatic childbirth was developed using Morse’s method of theoretical coalescence. The scope of this qualitative theory was increased by formalizing the connections between 14 individual studies all conducted by the same researcher on the same topic, with different groups, using different research designs and different types of analyses. Axioms were derived from this research program along with attributes of traumatic childbirth, posttraumatic stress, and secondary traumatic stress. This middle range theory addresses the long-term chronic consequences of a traumatic birth for mothers including its impact on breastfeeding, subsequent childbirth, and the anniversary of birth trauma. The impact on fathers and clinicians present at the traumatic birth is highlighted as secondary traumatic stress comes into play. Troubling glimpses of difficulties in mother–infant bonding are revealed.
Optimal Transmission Ranges for Randomly Distributed Packet Radio Terminals

In multihop packet radio networks with randomly distributed terminals, the optimal transmission radii to maximize the expected progress of packets in desired directions are determined with a variety of transmission protocols and network configurations. It is shown that the FM capture phenomenon with slotted ALOHA greatly improves the expected progress over the system without capture due to the more limited area of possibly interfering terminals around the receiver. The (mini)slotted nonpersistent carrier-sense-multiple-access (CSMA) only slightly outperforms ALOHA, unlike the single-hop case (where a large improvement is available), because of a large area of "hidden" terminals and the long vulnerable period generated by them. As an example of an inhomogeneous terminal distribution, the effect of a gap in an otherwise randomly distributed terminal population on the expected progress of packets crossing the gap is considered. In this case, the disadvantage of using a large transmission radius is demonstrated.
Estimation of Weighting Factors in Linear Regression and Analysis of Variance

It frequently happens that data to be treated by regression methods or analysis of variance are subject to marked heterogeneity in the error variance. Weighting of the observations, in the least squares sense, is then appropriate but requires that values of the relative weighting factors be available. A method is presented for deriving weight estimates from the residuals of an analysis carried out with any preliminary set of weights. The method is iterative and may therefore be applied with an initial set of unit weights for all observations. Specifically, the method is concerned with column weighting in two-way tables, treated in accordance with an additive model or a more general linear regression model. The effectiveness of the method has been tested by Monte-Carlo techniques. An application of the method to an interlaboratory study of a test method is discussed.
Sonographic Assessment of a Thyroglossal Duct Cyst

Thyroglossal duct cysts account for most diagnosed midline neck masses. They generally sit at or below the hyoid bone. They can vary in appearance and area of infiltration, although few cases of laryngeal involvement have been reported. Sonography is the modality of choice for imaging these cysts, followed by a Sistrunk procedure to remove the cyst. This case report focuses on the sonographic appearance of these cysts and their management.
Aggregation kinetics of single-walled carbon nanotubes investigated using mechanically wrapped multinuclear complexes: probing the tube-tube repulsive barrier.

The rational design of supraparticle assemblies requires a detailed understanding of directed assembly processes. The stability of dispersions of nanoscale materials, like single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), is still not fully understood, nor are the mechanisms of aggregation and assembly. A detailed balance of attractive van der Waals type interactions with various repulsive barrier mechanisms is needed to control the assembly of industrially viable and functional hybrid-nanoscale supraparticles. We report a detailed study of SWCNT dispersion stability and aggregation kinetics as a function of the nature of the coagulant used in various solvent systems. We explore three classes of coagulants that vary in charge, size, shape, solvation energy, and the ability to bind to the SWCNTs. We use these kinetic data to assess the tube–solvent–coagulant–tube interactions. We compare the relative contributions from two types of repulsive barriers. We find that tube-mediated structured solvent around the SWCNTs does not sufficiently describe our measured kinetic data. A DLVO type, electrical double layer repulsion is used to rationalize our observations. The data presented in this paper require a more detailed theoretical understanding of the physico-chemical environment near nanoparticle surfaces such as aggregating SWCNTs.
Wind detection in a microcosm: ship/aircraft environment sensors

One of the most demanding aspects of a Navy helicopter pilot's job is landing his aircraft on the flight deck of a pitching, rolling, heaving and yawing ship. The complex airwake velocity field associated with the ship and aircraft interface directly affects the pilot's ability to control the aircraft during takeoff, approach, hover, landing, and deck operations. Dynamic interface (DI) testing is performed to define safe aircraft operational envelopes: however, not all conditions can be realized within the limited test period and asset/condition availability. In addition, exact wind conditions that affect the aircraft cannot be measured with existing wind sensors. These sensors measure wind in the ship's mast area which does not represent the wind flow field encountered by the aircraft. A means of non-intrusively measuring the appropriate wind data is required. This paper presents an overview of the unique aspects of the ship/aircraft interface, the overall naval DI environment and the sensor requirements for measuring this complex environment.
Evolution of the Deep Western Boundary Current of Antarctic Bottom Water in the Brazil Basin

Abstract A synthesis of WOCE (and other) hydrographic data shows that the deep western boundary current of Antarctic Bottom Water has a double-core structure, and that it is differentially modified during its northward transit through the Brazil Basin. At 25°S, it descends about 200 m while continuing equatorward as a paired, double-core current over the relatively broad, sloping topography of the western region. The downslope core is faster, 4–6 cm s−1 versus 3 cm s−1, and is coincident with the high-density core. Equatorward of 19°S the cores begin to diverge and by 15°S, the velocity cores have separated and the high-speed pattern has inverted. Between 13° and 11°S the colder, slower-flowing branch (around 3 cm s−1) deepens by 350 m, with a noticeable decrease in the vertical stratification of overlying water characteristics. Subsequently, it continues to the equator toward the Romanche–Chain Fracture Zones. The warmer, faster-flowing branch (around 8 cm s−1) proceeds to the equator along the continent...
Density functional theory study of skyrmion pinning by atomic defects in MnSi

A magnetic skyrmion observed experimentally in chiral magnets is a topologically protected spin texture. For their unique properties, such as high mobility under current drive, skyrmions have huge potential for applications in next-generation spintronic devices. Defects naturally occurring in magnets have profound effects on the static and dynamical properties of skyrmions. In this work, we study the effect of an atomic defect on a skyrmion using the first-principles calculations within the density functional theory, taking MnSi as an example. By substituting one site of Mn or Si with different elements, we can tune the pinning energy. The effects of pinning by an atomic defect can be understood qualitatively within a phenomenological model.
Rho kinase activity dampens the activation of CD4+ T cells (IRC7P.435)

T cells respond to increasing doses of antigen with enhanced proliferation and cytokine production, both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, effector T cells respond more robustly to limiting amounts of peptide than naive cells. Although much is known about the signaling pathways downstream of the T cell receptor, the molecular mechanism responsible for maintaining the threshold for activation in T cells remains obscure. We have previously shown that the T cell cytoskeleton softens upon T cell activation. Here, we show that effector T cells form larger interfaces with antigen presenting cells (APCs) than naive cells after correcting for cell volume. We also demonstrate that the RhoA effector Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) is more active in naive than activated T cells. Inhibition of ROCK activity with a small molecule inhibitor, glycyl-H-1152, softened the actin cytoskeleton, independent of stimulation through the T cell receptor. The size of T-APC contacts were increased upon ROCK inhibition, and calcium flux was enhanced. These data demonstrate that ROCK has a central part in tuning the response of T cells to antigen. In the future, we will identify and examine the downstream targets of ROCK that are involved in modulating T cell activation.
Impact of fluid-mover characteristics on heat exchanger performance: A new reality-based analysis approach

The performance of convective heat transfer devices is necessarily linked to the characteristics of the participating fluid flow. The most common connection between the heat transfer and the fluid flow is by means of the Reynolds number. However, the Reynolds number provides very limited information about the nature of the fluid flow that is conveyed to the heat exchange device by the fluid mover. Other highly relevant features of the fluid presented to the inlet of the device include steadiness, uniformity, unidirectionality, and flow regime. These characteristics are highly dependent on the type of the participating fluid mover. In both the published heat transfer literature as well in traditional thermal design modalities, these and other fluid flow issues are virtually absent. Consequently, device-specific heat transfer results are presented without any reference to the fluid-mover and to the nature of the flow that it provides. The goal of the present research is to demonstrate that this traditional approach to heat transfer analysis and design may give rise to significant errors. It is demonstrated that the performance of a heat transfer device may be strongly impacted by the nature of the flow provided to it by the specific participating fluid mover. In such situations, the performance of the heat transfer device is actually the result of the performance of a system consisting of the device and the fluid mover. The conclusions set forth here are based on numerical simulations of a reality model which meticulously models an actual rotating fan and a multi-member fin array. A second model, designated as the baseline case, utilizes the best available literature model to obtain heat transfer results for comparison with those from the reality model. The baseline model follows the traditional approach of ignoring the actual attributes of the fan-delivered flow. It was found that the baseline model overestimates the heat transfer rate by almost a factor of two.
Facile Fabrication of a Shape Memory Polymer by Swelling Cross-Linked Natural Rubber with Stearic Acid

A facile method was developed for fabrication of a robust shape memory polymer by swelling cross-linked natural rubber with stearic acid. Commercial rubber bands were swollen in molten stearic acid at 75 °C (35 wt % stearic acid loading). When cooled the crystallization of the stearic acid formed a percolated network of crystalline platelets. The microscopic crystals and the cross-linked rubber produce a temporary network and a permanent network, respectively. These two networks allow thermal shape memory cycling with deformation and recovery above the melting point of stearic acid and fixation below that point. Under manual, strain-controlled, tensile deformation the shape memory rubber bands exhibited fixity and recovery of 100% ± 10%.
Optimized 3D Synthetic Aperture for CSEM

Controlled-source electromagnetics (CSEM) is a geophysical method used by industry to find and derisk reservoirs in marine settings. To reduce the impact of the complicated settings and improve the detecting capabilities of CSEM, we apply synthetic aperture, which virtually increases the length of the source. Applying a weight to each source steers or focuses the synthetic aperture source array. We introduce an optimization method to find the optimal weights for synthetic aperture arrays that adapts to the information in the CSEM data. To demonstrate the benefits of weighted synthetic aperture, we apply a crossline only synthetic aperture array to noisy, simulated electromagnetic fields.
Myasthenia gravis. III. Lack of inhibitory action of fractionated thymus extracts.

SummaryFractionated extracts from a thymoma surgically removed from a patient with myasthenia gravis when tested on an isolated sartorius nerve-muscle preparation failed to show significant inhibitory activity of any of the fractions when compared to similarly extracted normal skeletal muscle.
Chronopharmacology: Using the Body Clock in Drug Therapy

This is the fifth and final article in a continuing education series on chronobiology. Previous articles have provided an overview of chronobiology’s general principles, and its relation to the endocrine system, melatonin, and myocardial infarction. This article discusses how pharmacologic therapy can be optimized by applying principles of chronobiology. Drug absorption and excretion are influenced by circadian rhythms. Teak drug levels can be timed to coincide with the biologic rhythm of symptoms, and drug-level troughs can be scheduled to match the times the body is most sensitive to adverse drug effects. The treatment of asthma and allergic rhinitis and the use of tumor chemotherapeutic agents illustrate how chronopharmacology is applied in practice.
Ice phases under ambient and high pressure: Insights from density functional theory

Water is common and plays a crucial role in biological, chemical, and physical processes, but its crystalline or ice state has a complicated structure. In this work, we study the lattice mismatch challenge for ice nucleation on silver iodide, the sublimation energy for different ice phases, and the structural phase-transition pressures of ice, with various density functionals. Our calculations show that the recently developed meta-generalized gradient approximation made simple (MGGA_MS) yields a lattice mismatch (3$%$) of hexagonal ice (ice Ih) with \ensuremath{\beta}-AgI in good agreement with experiment (2$%$), significantly better than the Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof (PBE) GGA mismatch (6$%$). MGGA_MS is a computationally efficient semilocal functional that incorporates intermediate-range van der Waals (vdW) interaction, which, overall, performs well for ice and may be expected to improve upon PBE for liquid water. While MGGA_MS predicts the most realistic volumes and volume changes in the phase transitions of ice Ih to trigonal ice (ice II) and tetragonal ice (ice VIII), a more accurate description of some other properties of the higher-pressure phases (ice II and ice VIII) is provided by some functionals that include long-range vdW corrections (e.g., revised Tao-Perdew-Staroverov-Scuseria+vdW for sublimation energy and optB88-vdW for transition pressure).
An Assessment of Continuing Education Needs for Clinical Laboratory Personnel

Changes in Florida's law regulating clinical laboratory personnel mandate participation in continuing education as one of the conditions for maintaining a license to practice. A questionnaire was directed to the supervisors of 851 licensed laboratories and health care institutions to determine the numbers of personnel who would need continuing education programs, as well as the numbers and kinds of programs that would be needed. The response identified more than 5,000 persons in 287 facilities who would need programs in seven technical categories (chemistry, hematology, microbiology, blood banking, radioimmunoassay, blood gases, immunology) plus management and supervision. This paper reports conclusions about format, scheduling, and site selection necessary to deliver continuing education to Florida's laboratory personnel within the budgetary constraints imposed by DRGs.
Late Decompensation of Neobladder

AbstractWe report on 6 patients in whom we constructed detubularized ileocolonic neobladders in conjunction with cystectomy to treat invasive transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. The patients had delayed complete or partial decompensation of the neobladder after an initial interval of normal voiding. Two patients experienced complete decompensation with inability to empty in the absence of urodynamic, cystoscopic or radiographic evidence of outlet obstruction. The other 4 patients had greater than 400 cc residual urine without evidence of outlet obstruction. The mean interval to decompensation after the initial period of normal voiding was 12.8 months (range 4 to 21). All 6 patients had a reservoir capacity of greater than 800 cc. We also constructed neobladders in 3 other patients for similar indications. These 3 patients have a neobladder capacity of less than 800 cc and all are voiding to completion with followup of 19 to 32 months.We hypothesize that neobladder decompensation is due either to c...
Steric effects on the primary isotope dependence of secondary kinetic isotope effects in hydride transfer reactions in solution: caused by the isotopically different tunneling ready state conformations?

The observed 1° isotope effect on 2° KIEs in H-transfer reactions has recently been explained on the basis of a H-tunneling mechanism that uses the concept that the tunneling of a heavier isotope requires a shorter donor–acceptor distance (DAD) than that of a lighter isotope. The shorter DAD in D-tunneling, as compared to H-tunneling, could bring about significant spatial crowding effect that stiffens the 2° H/D vibrations, thus decreasing the 2° KIE. This leads to a new physical organic research direction that examines how structure affects the 1° isotope dependence of 2° KIEs and how this dependence provides information about the structure of the tunneling ready states (TRSs). The hypothesis is that H- and D-tunneling have TRS structures which have different DADs, and pronounced 1° isotope effect on 2° KIEs should be observed in tunneling systems that are sterically hindered. This paper investigates the hypothesis by determining the 1° isotope effect on α- and β-2° KIEs for hydride transfer reactions fr...
Determination of cyanogenic glycoside in seeds by molecular absorption spectrometry in the gas phase

Methode de mesure des teneurs en amygdaline et prunasine de graines de pomme, cerise, amande et peche
Application of a limiting form of the Rényi entropy for molecular imaging of tumors using a clinically relevant protocol

We demonstrate a novel approach to ultrasonic detection of molecularly targeted nanoparticle contrast agent accumulation in a xenographic mouse tumor model in vivo. This is accomplished by imaging the entire mouse tumor volume at 15-minute intervals following injection of a v β 3 -targeted perfluoro-carbon core nanoparticles. Radiofrequency (RF) data were stored for off-line analysis using signal energy and a limiting form of the Renyi entropy suitable for real-time calculation, I f, ∞ . The results indicate that I f, ∞ may be used to reliably detect accumulation of targeted nanoparticles within 15 minutes of injection without the need for image subtraction, whereas signal energy images showed less sensitivity to nanoparticle accumulation. The ability to detect nanoparticle accumulation without requiring image subtraction or fixing the transducer in place are necessary prerequisites for translation of this technology to the clinic.
A central pattern generator for insect gait production

We present a neural network model inspired from both behavioral and neurophysiological data on insect locomotion. The model consists of a central rhythmic pattern generator and a sensory motor network. We show that it exhibits various behavioral properties observed in several insect species: it produces a continuum of stable gaits ranging from metachronal to tripod; the changes in the duration of protraction retraction phases for various walking speeds follow closely the behavorial data; the network is insensitive to the initial position of the legs, in that it can achieve rapidly a coherent phase relationship regardless of the initial conditions. In addition, this transient property also extends to situations where rapid changes occur in the walking speed; the network can reorganize its phase rapidly during fast accelerations as well as fast decelerations.
Nonoxidative antimicrobial reactions of leukocytes.

Neutrophil polymorphonuclear granulocytes (PMNs) comprise the first line of cellular defense against a variety of common bacteria and fungi. Since Metchnikoff discovered the role of PMNs in defense against infection, much research has focused on the mediation of their antimicrobial activities (Metchnikoff, 1905). At first this work sought what may now be thought of as antibioticlike components of PMNs with direct antimicrobial action. Research emphasis then began to shift as the capacity of PMNs to utilize O2 during phagocytosis began to be recognized (Karnovsky, 1962). With the recognition by Holmes et al. (1968) of the oxidative defect in the PMNs of children with X-linked chronic granulomatous disease, many workers concentrated on oxygen dependent antimicrobial functions of PMNs. Klebanoff (1975) suggested that PMN antimicrobial mechanisms might be classified as either O2 dependent or O2 independent. Klebanoff and Clark (1978) also suggested that oxidative mechanisms, especially those dependent on myeloperoxidase, carry the principal burden of intraleukocytic killing in PMNs. Currently developing evidence suggests, however, that O2 — independent mechanisms may carry more of the burden of antimicrobial action than has been appreciated (Kossack et al., 1981; Okamura and Spitznagel, 1982; Weiss et al., 1982; Rest et al., 1982).
Anion photoelectron spectroscopy of deprotonated ortho-, meta-, and para-methylphenol

The anion photoelectron spectra of ortho-, meta-, and para-methylphenoxide, as well as methyl deprotonated meta-methylphenol, were measured. Using the Slow Electron Velocity Map Imaging technique, the Electron Affinities (EAs) of the o-, m-, and p-methylphenoxyl radicals were measured as follows: 2.1991±0.0014, 2.2177±0.0014, and 2.1199±0.0014 eV, respectively. The EA of m-methylenephenol was also obtained, 1.024±0.008 eV. In all four cases, the dominant vibrational progressions observed are due to several ring distortion vibrational normal modes that were activated upon photodetachment, leading to vibrational progressions spaced by ∼500 cm−1. Using the methylphenol O–H bond dissociation energies reported by King et al. and revised by Karsili et al., a thermodynamic cycle was constructed and the acidities of the methylphenol isomers were determined as follows: ΔacidH298K0=348.39±0.25, 348.82±0.25, 350.08±0.25, and 349.60±0.25 kcal/mol for cis-ortho-, trans-ortho-, m-, and p-methylphenol, respectively. The...
Chelant Enhanced Solution Processing for Wafer Scale Synthesis of Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Thin Films

It is of paramount importance to improve the control over large area growth of high quality molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and other types of 2D dichalcogenides. Such atomically thin materials have great potential for use in electronics, and are thought to make possible the first real applications of spintronics. Here in, a facile and reproducible method of producing wafer scale atomically thin MoS2 layers has been developed using the incorporation of a chelating agent in a common organic solvent, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Previously, solution processing of a MoS2 precursor, ammonium tetrathiomolybdate ((NH4)2MoS4), and subsequent thermolysis was used to produce large area MoS2 layers. Our work here shows that the use of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) in DMSO exerts superior control over wafer coverage and film thickness, and the results demonstrate that the chelating action and dispersing effect of EDTA is critical in growing uniform films. Raman spectroscopy, photoluminescence (PL), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy (HR-STEM) indicate the formation of homogenous few layer MoS2 films at the wafer scale, resulting from the novel chelant-in-solution method.
A comparative computational study of coarse-grained and all-atom water models in shock Hugoniot states

We performed molecular dynamics simulations to study how well some of the water models used in simulations describe shocked states. Water in our simulations was described using three different models. One was an often-used all-atom TIP4P/2005 model, while the other two were coarse-grained models used with the MARTINI force field: non-polarizable and polarizable MARTINI water. The all-atom model provided results in good agreement with Hugoniot curves (for data on pressure versus specific volume or, equivalently, on shock wave velocity versus "piston" velocity) describing shocked states in the whole range of pressures (up to 11 GPa) under study. If simulations of shocked states of water using coarse-grained models were performed for short time periods, we observed that data obtained for shocked states at low pressure were fairly accurate compared to experimental Hugoniot curves. Polarizable MARTINI water still provided a good description of Hugoniot curves for pressures up to 11 GPa, while the results for the non-polarizable MARTINI water substantially deviated from the Hugoniot curves. We also calculated the temperature of the Hugoniot states and observed that for TIP4P/2005 water, they were consistent with those from theoretical calculations, while both coarse-grained models predicted much higher temperatures. These high temperatures for MARTINI water can be explained by the loss of degrees of freedom due to coarse-graining procedure.
Magnetic Fields Associated with Nervous Conduction

A magnetic field arises from the motion of charge and an electric field arises from the existence of charge. Detection of magnetic fields produced by ionic currents in living tissue as well as the better known electric fields has been reported in the case of the heart and the electroencephalogram (2, 3). For nerves, the electric field component associated with conduction in peripheral myelinated nerves has apparently been reliably measured (1). In addition, reports of detection of the magnetic field component accompanying peripheral myelinated conduction have been published (4, 5, 8). However, serious objections may be (and have been) raised regarding these latter reports on the basis that electrostatic shielding apparently was not used. The detected signal, therefore, may well have been the electrostatic component rather than the magnetic component. This paper discusses the results of an investigation which attempted to measure the magnetic fields associated with nervous conduction.
Decision analysis and its application to the frequency of containment integrated leakage rate tests

For nuclear utilities to become competitive in a deregulated electricity market, costs must be reduced, safety must be maintained, and interested stakeholders must remain content with the decisions...
Impact of race on surgical management of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors.

e18081Background: Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) are uncommon neoplasms with a 5-year survival of approximately 30%. Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results data suggest a historical ...
Effects of Kaolin Particle Film on the Viburnum Leaf Beetle During Container Production of Viburnum dentatum under Different Levels of Nitrogen Fertilization

Abstract We investigated two pest management strategies for Pyrrhalta viburni (Paykull), a non-native leaf beetle that has invaded New England and is defoliating susceptible wild and cultivated spe...
On the Development of New Chemotherapeutic Agents in the Coming Decade

Division of Biophysics The Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, Maryland The major advances in scientific research which currently have a significant impact on medicine can be generally described in two areas: 1) application of instrumentation such as laser beam surgery and NMR imaging, etc. and 2) the understanding of biology and medicine at the molecular and atomic levels. For the development of new therapeutic agents, the second area certainly is the focal point of attention. Thus, the major impact of the molecular sciences on the medical and pharmaceutical industries is the topic of this short essay.
Rethinking the difficult patient encounter.

Before you can help a "difficult" patient, you may need to change how you view that person.
Using a behavioral model to identify factors associated with choice of provider for neck and low back pain: A systematic review.

Abstract Background It remains unclear as to what factors influence a patient's choice to seek care from a specific healthcare provider for low back and neck pain. Objective Utilize Andersen's Behavioral Model of Health Service Utilization as a conceptual framework to identify the predisposing, enabling and need factors associated with choice of healthcare provider for back and/or neck pain. Methods PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, and SCOPUS databases were searched for studies that included 1) patients seeking care for acute or chronic low back or neck pain; 2) patients at least 18 years of age; 3) reported any healthcare provider type chosen to be seen. Significant factors addressing a patient's choice of provider seen for back pain, neck pain, or both were extracted from studies and analyzed under the Behavioral Model of Health Service Utilization. Results 20 studies were included in this review: 17 quantitative studies and 3 qualitative studies. Provider types identified were medical physicians, chiropractors, physical therapists, acupuncturists and CAM providers. Age and sex were the most commonly reported predisposing factors; financial and personal factors were the most common enabling factors; patients’ duration of pain and self-reported level of functioning were the most commonly reported need factors. Conclusions While predisposing and need factors are important, enabling factors also have an influence in choice of healthcare provider for back and/or neck pain.
Superhydrophobic drag reduction in high-speed towing tank

As far as plastron is sustained, superhydrophobic (SHPo) surfaces are expected to reduce skin-friction drag in any flow conditions including large-scale turbulent boundary-layer flows of marine vessels. However, despite many successful drag reductions reported using laboratory facilities, the plastron on SHPo surfaces was persistently lost in high-Reynolds-number flows on open water, and no reduction has been reported until a recent study using certain microtrench SHPo surfaces underneath a boat (Xu et al., Phys. Rev. Appl., vol. 13, no. 3, 2020, 034056). Since scientific studies with controlled flows are difficult with a boat on ocean water, in this paper we test similar SHPo surfaces in a high-speed towing tank, which provides well-controlled open-water flows, by developing a novel , before starting to increase at higher speeds. For a given gas fraction, the trench width non-dimensionalized to the viscous length scale is found to govern the drag reduction, in agreement with previous numerical results.
Early Mobilization in a PICU: A Qualitative Sustainability Analysis of PICU Up!

Objectives To identify staff-reported factors and perceptions that influenced implementation and sustainability of an early mobilization program (PICU Up!) in the PICU. Design A qualitative study using semistructured phone interviews to characterize interprofessional staff perspectives of the PICU Up! program. Following data saturation, thematic analysis was performed on interview transcripts. Setting Tertiary-care PICU in the Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD. Subjects Interprofessional PICU staff. Interventions None. Measurements and main results Fifty-two staff members involved in PICU mobilization across multiple disciplines were interviewed. Three constructs emerged that reflected the different stages of PICU Up! program execution: 1) factors influencing the implementation process, 2) staff perceptions of PICU Up!, and 3) improvements in program integration. Themes were developed within these constructs, addressing facilitators for PICU Up! implementation, cultural changes for unitwide integration, positive impressions toward early mobility, barriers to program sustainability, and refinements for more robust staff and family engagement. Conclusions Three years after implementation, PICU Up! remains well-received by staff, positively influencing role satisfaction and PICU team dynamics. Furthermore, patients and family members are perceived to be enthusiastic about mobility efforts, driving staff support. Through an ongoing focus on stakeholder buy-in, interprofessional engagement, and bundled care to promote mobility, the program has become part of the culture in the Johns Hopkins Hospital PICU. However, several barriers remain that prevent consistent execution of early mobility, including challenges with resource management, sedation decisions, and patient heterogeneity. Characterizing these staff perceptions can facilitate the development of solutions that use institutional strengths to grow and sustain PICU mobility initiatives.