cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Speeding Up Seismic Image Segmentation

Seismic images of the subsurface are often very large and tedious to interpret manually; as such, automatic segmentation algorithms can be highly useful for tasks such as locating large, irregularly shaped salt bodies within the images. However, seismic images present unique challenges for image segmentation algorithms. Here, a new graph-based segmentation algorithm using a “pairwise region comparison” strategy is implemented and tested on seismic images. Numerous modifications to the original algorithm are necessary to make it appropriate for use with seismic data, including changes to the nature of the input data, the way in which the graph is constructed, and the formula for calculating edge weights. Initial results indicate that the new method compares very favorably with an existing implementation of the eigenvector-based normalized cuts approach, both in terms of accuracy and efficiency. With further improvement, this method could become a useful and powerful tool for processing and interpreting seismic images.
Query-Less: Predicting Task Repetition for NextGen Proactive Search and Recommendation Engines

Web search has been a reactive scenario for decades which often starts by users issuing queries. By studying the user behavior in search engine logs, we have discovered that many of the search tasks such as stock-price checking, news reading exhibit strong repeated patterns from day to day. In addition, users exhibit even stronger repetition on mobile devices. This provides us chances to perform proactive recommendations without user issuing queries. In this work, we aim at discovering and characterizing these types of tasks so that we can automatically predict when and what types of tasks will be repeated by the users in the future, through analyzing search logs from a commercial Web search engine and user interaction logs from a mobile App that offers proactive recommendations. We first introduce a set of novel features that can accurately capture task repetition. We then propose a novel deep learning framework that learns user preferences and makes automatic predictions. Our framework is capable of learning both user-independent global models as well as catering personalized models via model adaptation. The model we developed significantly outperforms other state-of-the-art predictive models by large margins. We also demonstrate the power of our model and features through an application to improve the recommendation quality of the mobile App. Results indicate a significant relevance improvement over the current production system.
Tobacco Nitrosamine Exposures Contribute to Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder Associated Cerebellar Dysgenesis

Variability in the phenotypic features and severity of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is not fully linked to alcohol dose. We hypothesize that FASD-type neurodevelopmental abnormalities may be caused by exposures to the tobacco-specific nitrosamine, NNK, since a high percentage of pregnant women who drink also smoke. In vitro experiments using PNET2 human cerebellar neuronal cultures examined ethanol and NNK effects on viability and mitochondrial function. Early postnatal rat cerebellar slice cultures were used to examine effects of ethanol and NNK on cerebellar histology and neuroglial and stress protein expression. Ethanol (50 mM) decreased viability and ATP content and increased mitochondrial mass, while NNK (100 uM or higher) selectively inhibited mitochondrial function. The slice culture studies demonstrated striking adverse effects of ethanol, NNK and ethanol+NNK exposures manifested by architectural disorganization of the cortex with relative reductions of internal granule cells, increases in external granule cells, and loss of Purkinje cells. Ethanol, NNK, and ethanol+NNK inhibited expression of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and increased levels of 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE). In addition, ethanol increased activated Caspase 3, NNK decreased tau and phospho-tau, and ethanol+NNK inhibited expression of Aspartyl-beta-hydroxylase (ASPH), which mediates neuronal migration. In conclusion, ethanol and NNK were shown to exert independent but overlapping adverse effects on cerebellar cortical development, neuronal viability, function, and neuroglial protein expression. These findings support our hypothesis that NNK exposures via tobacco smoking in pregnancy can contribute to FASD-associated neurodevelopmental abnormalities.
Massive Agricultural Data Resource Management Platform Based on Hadoop

This paper proposes the method of large file storage by blocking partition based on Hadoop and massive agricultural resources retrieval method,and establishes the massive agricultural data management platform based on Hadoop.Test and practice results show that this platform provides a technical direction for the realization of massive,distributed,heterogeneous unified agricultural knowledge resources,efficient organization and management.
A Model of the Combined Effects of Chemical and Activity-Dependent Mechanisms in Topographic Map Formation

Chemical and activity-dependent mechanisms work together in the model presented in this paper to allow rapid development of detailed topographic maps. The model resolves difficulties of previous models in specifying map orientation, attaining rapid convergence without loss of map continuity, and describing a biologically plausible mechanism to produce the coactivation pattern necessary for Hebbian learning. It matches experimental results on the ability to form rough, but not refined, maps in the absence of electrical activity and expansion of heavily stimulated areas. Although a high-level model is used, the goal is to explore organizational principles of biological development.
Diagnosis and management of core-binding factor leukemias.

The core-binding factor (CBF) leukemias are the subtype of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) associated with the highest response to therapy and longest remission duration. Although CBF leukemias have two distinctly different morphologic and clinical presentations (i.e., AML M2 and AML M4eo), their molecular pathophysiology is linked by their abnormalities in different subunits of CBF, a transcription factor important in several pathways in hematopoietic cells. This article summarizes the recent biologic and clinical advances made in the treatment of these diseases.
Platelet resistance to prostaglandin D2 in patients with myeloproliferative disorders

We investigated the effect of prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) on platelet adenylate cyclase activity in 23 patients with myeloproliferative disorders, including eight patients with polycythemia vera, seven with myeloid metaplasia, four with chronic myelogenous leukemia, and four with essential thrombocythemia. In 20 of these patients there was less activation of platelet adenylate cyclase at all concentrations of PGD2 studied when compared to normal controls. In 5 of these patients we also studied the effect of PGD, on platelet aggregation and the release of 14C-serotonin. Each of these patients required ten fold higher than normal concentrations of PGD2 to inhibit collagen-induced 14C-serotonin release. This diminished response was specific for PGD2; the stimulation of adenylate cyclase by PGE1 and PGI2 was normal in these patients’ platelets, as was the inhibition of 14C-serotonin release by PGE1. Aspirin therapy in 5 patients and anticoagulation with sodium warfarin in 1 patient did not correct this platelet abnormality. Five subjects with reactive thrombocytosis who were studied had a normal platelet adenylate cyclase response to PGD2. Since sufficient PGD2 is synthesized by platelets to inhibit aggregation, the resistance of these platelets to physiologic concentrations of PGD2 could contribute to the high incidence of thrombosis in patients with myeloproliferative disorders.
Neurochemical and Behavioral Effects of Bilateral Nucleus Basalis Lesions in the Aged Rat

Alzheimer’s disease is characterized by a progressive, irreversible decline in cognition and memory (Coyle et al., 1983; Whitehouse et al., 1982). Its precise cause remains unknown, with aging and family background the most likely predisposing factors. Although many brain neuronal pathways are eventually rendered hypofunctional by Alzheimer’s disease, only a few are consistently affected at its earliest stages. These pathways include the ascending cholinergic projections from the nucleus basalis to the cerebral cortex and from the septum to the hippocampus; the ascending noradrenergic pathway from the locus ceruleus; and cerebral cortical neurons possessing somatostatin, corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), and neuropeptide Y (Beal et al., 1986; Coyle et al., 1983; Davies, 1986; and DeSouza et al., 1986). One unanswered question central to understanding the etiology and potential treatment of this disease is whether reductions in the activity of these pathways cause, over a period of months or years, transsynaptic neuronal losses and neurochemical changes. We are investigating this question by studying the long-term transsynaptic effects of cholinergic hypofunction in one of the brain regions most sensitive to Alzheimer’s disease: the cerebral cortex.
Feeding the low birth weight infant.

A true gold standard for assessing the nutritional outcome of preterm infants remains elusive. We are seeing an expansion beyond the traditional intrauterine-based short-term growth and nutrient retention rates toward a broader, and possibly life-long, range of outcomes. As our nutritional end points shift, the suitability of the preterm infants' own mothers' milk may become more apparent. Whether the unique properties of human milk or the use of human milk components for fortification are sufficient to rekindle the use of donor milk from milk banks remains to be seen. Improved formulas designed specifically for preterm infants and the possibility of providing passive immunity in formula have added fuel to the debate over what constitutes an ideal nutrient source. The optimal time to begin to feed our smallest and sickest patients is being reevaluated. A policy of exclusive parenteral nutrition for prolonged periods of time may be replaced with one in which minimal amounts of feeding are used, in conjunction with parenteral support, to prepare and maintain intestinal function until advancements toward full enteral nutrition are possible. Although well-controlled trials are needed to add substance to our decisions on many feeding methods, such as intermittent bolus versus continuous gastric infusion, the use of transpyloric feeding should be discouraged. Finally, we need to determine if there are any tangible nutritional benefits from the use of nonnutritive sucking. It is hoped that resolution of some of the controversies of feeding preterm infants will broaden our clinical view of infant nutrition. The discussion on work rounds will then move away from the current "did the baby get 120 kcal/kg yesterday?" toward an informed discussion of how, what, when, and why to feed the infant. Over a century ago, Abraham Jacopi cautioned pediatricians that "You cannot feed a baby with mathematics; you must feed them with brains."
Cognitive Computing and Neural Networks: Reverse Engineering the Brain

Abstract Cognitive computing seeks to build applications which model and mimic human thinking. One approach toward achieving this goal is to develop brain-inspired computational models. A prime example of such a model is the class of deep convolutional networks which is currently used in pattern recognition, machine vision, and machine learning. We offer a brief review of the mammalian neocortex, the minicolumn, and the ventral pathway. We provide descriptions of abstract neural circuits that have been used to model these areas of the brain. This include Poisson spiking networks, liquid computing networks, spiking models of feature discovery in the ventral pathway, spike-timing-dependent plasticity learning, restricted Boltzmann machines, deep belief networks, and deep convolutional networks. In summary, this chapter explores abstractions of neural networks found within the mammalian neocortex that support cognition and the beginnings of cognitive computation.
Doing Justice, Becoming the Just Man: Eckhart on Our Deiformation

In his teaching and preaching Meister Eckhart, following on and developing the thought of his confrere Thomas Aquinas, was primarily concerned to guide his hearers into forming and living out an ev...
Experimental observation of the onset of fracture percolation in columnar ice

While the contribution of brine channels to the critical behavior of sea ice permeability is well known, fractures can also contribute to the critical behavior of ice permeability. Above a critical fracture density, cracks link together to create a continuous pathway for flow. To isolate the contribution of fractures to percolation through ice, we present novel experiments to quantify the critical strain required for the onset of fracture percolation in freshwater columnar-grained ice. We monitored the percolation of the ice as it was compressed uniaxially across the columns at −10oC to axial strains of 0.5–2% at a strain rate of 10−5 s−1, i.e., 1 order of magnitude below the ductile-to-brittle transition. We observed that the threshold for along-column permeability corresponds with peak strength. Lateral connectivity develops over limited distances postpeak strength near the onset of near-steady state flow and is facilitated by the breakage of the columns.
Tango: Accelerating Mobile Applications through Flip-Flop Replication

Mobile devices have less computational power and poorer Internet connections than other computers. Computation offload [1, 2, 3, 4], in which some portions of an application are migrated to a server, has been proposed as one way to remedy this deficiency. Yet, partitionbased offload is challenging because it requires applications to accurately predict whether mobile or remote computation will be faster, and it requires that the computation be large enough to overcome the cost of shipping state to and from the server. Further, offload does not currently benefit network-intensive applications.
Thymic-peripheral crosstalk in lymphodepletion therapy

T cell depletion is widely used as induction therapy in solid organ transplants and particularly in kidney transplantation, to reduce the episodes of acute cellular rejection. The resultant reduction in T cell numbers is usually temporary, as T cells are actively replenished due to thymic output and/or lymphopenia-induced proliferation of remaining, depletion-resistant T cells. However, the extent of T cell replenishment and the persistence of lymphopenia varies between individuals, with potential impacts on protective or pathogenic immune responses. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Caregiver End-of-Life Care of the Person with Cancer

The road to caregiving can be very long. It is at times insidious; what one day may be assistance with an activity of daily living may over time turn into an ongoing need. Areas of needed assistance begin to accumulate; dependency begins to predominate. In some persons, the evolution of the caregiver role may be sudden and brief, in others gradual and prolonged. For the person with cancer, there may be much uncertainty over a prognosis. Although there are points in time that indicate the direction of the disease, such as blood tests and radiographic testing, in between there are only signs and symptoms. These signs and symptoms can range from a continuum of positive to negative responses. As events begin to accumulate, dependency on caregivers may accelerate.
Adaptive scalable pipelines for political event data generation

Political event data has been increasingly important for researchers to study and predict global events. Until recently the majority of political events were hand-coded from text, limiting the timeliness and coverage of event data sets. Recent systems have successfully employed big data systems for extracting events from text. These automated event systems have been limited by either the slow performance or high infrastructure demands. In this work, we present a new approach to big data systems that allow for faster extractions when compared to existing systems. We describe a modular system, Biryani, that adaptively extracts events from batches of documents. We use distributed containers to process streams of incoming documents. The number of containers processing documents can be increased or reduced depending on the number of available resources. The optimal configuration for event extraction is learned, and the system adapts to maximize the throughput of coded documents. We show the adaptability through experiments running on laptops and multiple commodity machines. We use this system to extract a new political event data set from several terabytes of text data.
When Feelings Matter: Affect as a Mediator Between Motivational Regulation and Work Intentions:

The Problem.Human resource development (HRD) scholars and practitioners alike are faced with the challenging task of accounting for the variables that influence the efficacy of the person in the wo...
Derivation of lymphoma cell lines from microscopically normal bone marrow in patients with undifferentiated lymphomas: evidence of occult bone marrow involvement

Evidence is presented that at least 17% of microscopically normal bone marrow samples obtained from patients with undifferentiated lymphomas contain occult tumor cells. Of 19 microscopically normal bone marrow samples tested, continuous tumor cell lines were obtained from 4. A tumor cell origin was confirmed by the presence of an 8;14 chromosomal translocation in each case, and HLA typing confirmed the patient origin of the cell line. In two other patients, direct cytogenetic examination of microscopically normal bone marrow samples revealed karyotypes containing 8:14 translocations or a 14q+ chromosome. These findings indicate that undifferentiated lymphomas are often more widespread than is clinically appreciated. The presence of submicroscopic marrow involvement is also of significance to the design and analysis of treatment protocols involving autologous marrow infusion.
3-Acetyl­benzoic acid

In the crystal structure of the title compound, C9H8O3, essentially planar mol­ecules [the carboxyl group makes a dihedral angle of 4.53 (7)° with the plane of the ring, while the acid group forms a dihedral angle of 3.45 (8)° to the ring] aggregate by centrosymmetric hydrogen-bond pairing of ordered carboxyl groups. This yields dimers which have two orientations in a unit cell, creating a herringbone pattern. In addition, two close C—H⋯O inter­molecular contacts exist: one is between a methyl H atom and the ketone of a symmetry-related mol­ecule and the other involves a benzene H atom and the carboxyl group O atom of another mol­ecule. The crystal studied was a non-merohedral twin with twin law [100, 0\overline10, \overline10\overline1] and a domain ratio of 0.8104(14): 0.1896(14).
Interventionen auf Peerebene

Die Interaktionen zwischen Peers sowie Freundschaften spielen eine grundlegende Rolle bei der kognitiven, moralischen, emotionalen und sozialen Entwicklung von Kindern und Heranwachsenden. Fur die Zielstellung dieses Buches ist entscheidend, dass die Peerbeziehungen gewaltige Auswirkungen auf das dissoziale Verhalten Jugendlicher haben konnen, wobei die Schnittstelle zwischen Familie und Peers eine entscheidende Rolle bei der Verringerung dieser Probleme spielen kann.
Informal Support among Low-income Mothers Post Welfare Reform: A Systematic Review

The vulnerability and instability of low-income mothers situated in a context with a weak public safety net make informal social support one of few options many low-income mothers have to meet basic needs. This systematic review examines (a) social support as an empirical construct, (b) the restricted availability of one important aspect of social support—informal perceived support, hereafter informal support—among low-income mothers, (c) the role of informal support in maternal, economic, parenting, and child outcomes, (d) the aspects of informal support that influence its effects, and (e) directions for future research. Traditional systematic review methods resulted in an appraisal of 65 articles published between January 1996 and May 2017. Findings indicated that informal support is least available among mothers most in need. Informal support provides some protection from psychological distress, economic hardship, poor parenting practices, and poor child outcomes. To promote informal support and its benefits among low-income families, future research can advance knowledge by defining the quintessential characteristics of informal support, identifying instruments to capture these characteristics, and providing the circumstances in which support can be most beneficial to maternal and child well-being. Consistent measurement and increased understanding of informal support and its nuances can inform intervention design and delivery to strengthen vulnerable mothers’ informal support perceptions thereby improving individual and family outcomes.
Extensions of Abelian Automata Groups.

A theorem of Nekrashevych and Sidki shows the Mealy Automata structures one can place on Z^m are parametrized by a family of matrices (called "1/2-integral") and a choice of residuation vector e in Z^m. While the impact of the chosen matrix is well understood, the impact of the residuation vector on the resulting structure is seemingly sporadic. In this paper we characterize the impact of the residuation vector e by recognizing an initial structure when e is the first standard basis vector. All other choices of e extend this initial structure by adding "fractional elements" in a way we make precise.
Military Vascular Injuries

The management of traumatic combat-related vascular injury can offer special challenges even to experienced surgeons. Recent US conflicts have advanced the practice of vascular trauma surgery on the battlefield and offer important lessons learned for management of similar injury in urban trauma centers. Damage control techniques for complex peripheral vascular injuries when associated with hemodynamic instability may provide an opportunity to save both life and limb. Early initiation of damage control resuscitation concepts is crucial to performing a successful simultaneous vascular reconstruction. A vascular assessment should begin in the admitting area using a handheld continuous wave Doppler device. Do not rely on a pulse exam for a patient in hemorrhagic shock. A CT angiogram may be useful for cervical or truncal vascular injuries to plan the best approach but rarely necessary for the diagnosis of an extremity vascular injury. Prehospital tourniquets should be exchanged for a pneumatic type or better removed in the operating room if the patient is unstable or if additional hemorrhage is expected. Vascular repairs often require massive transfusion; therefore, temporary shunting with delayed repair should be considered at community surgical facilities. A second surgical team can save time by placing external fixation and performing saphenous vein harvests or fasciotomy. Finally, a saphenous vein interposition graft is durable when there is adequate muscle coverage; otherwise a longer bypass tunneled out of the zone of injury should be chosen to prevent desiccation or delayed rupture.
P(RNCH 2 CH 2 ) 3 N as Very Strong Non-Ionic Bases and Catalysts: Recent Advances and Applications

A rationale for the unusually strong Lewis basicity and catalytic activity of the title pro-azaphosphatranes is presented. Four stoichiometric and four catalytic uses of such pro-azaphosphatranes are described, as well as some unexpected reactions in which these bases take part. Mechanistic pathways are put forth for several of the transformations outlined.
Left Ventricular Cavity Obliteration From Eosinophilic Myocarditis in a Patient With Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma.

Abstract A 43-year-old female with a history of hypereosinophilia developed acutely decompensated heart failure. Prototypical features of eosinophilic myocarditis, including a distinctive left vent...
Miniaturization of a 3-way Power Divider using Defected Ground Structures

Defected Ground Structures (DGS) have been utilized to manipulate the ground currents to achieve various electromagnetic properties including miniaturization, filtration and increase in directivity. This paper presents the application of Split Ring Resonator (SRR) as DGS on a three way power divider which alters the divider properties to match slow wave structures, thereby achieving reduction in size. Through placement of defects at two optimized locations, in contrast to conventional techniques of loaded lines and repetitive structures, the miniaturized divider attains similar results as the primary divider. In comparison to the original dimensions of 30.5 x 26.8 mm2, the miniaturized version measures 26.5 x 20.8 mm2 resulting in a collective area reduction of 32.6%.
Extracellular Vesicles in the Environment

Extracellular vesicles are small membrane-bound structures released by cells from all domains of life. Diverse populations of vesicles are found in many natural ecosystems, where they mediate complex networks of interactions between microbes and their local environment. Vesicles can serve numerous functions, including transporting and delivering compounds such as lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, and small molecules, between organisms and across both spatial and temporal dimensions. In this review I consider extracellular vesicles from an ecological perspective, exploring their influence on both the biotic and abiotic environment. I summarize our current understanding of vesicle contents and distributions in various microbial habitats, their potential contributions to nutrient pools and food webs, and the many ways in which vesicles can influence the physiology, ecology, and evolution of microbial communities. While many questions concerning the ecological impact of extracellular vesicles remain to be answered, it is becoming increasingly evident that these particles play important roles in the global ecosystem.
Curved Three-Dimensional Cobalt Nanohelices for Use in Domain Wall Device Applications

Three-dimensional fabrication of nanostructures opens unique possibilities to not only understand the fundamental effects of shape and of the interactions between the nanostructures, but also for t...
Tolerance of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure After Sinonasal Surgery.

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS For patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) undergoing sinonasal surgery, there is a lack of consensus on the risk and appropriate postoperative use of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). The aim of this study was to assess the tolerability of restarting CPAP on postoperative day one. STUDY DESIGN Prospective cohort study. METHODS A prospective study on patients with OSA on CPAP who required a septoplasty/turbinectomy and/or functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) was performed. Data from the memory card of a patient's CPAP machine and subjective information were obtained on the day of surgery and at scheduled follow-up visits. All subjects were instructed to restart CPAP on the first postoperative night. RESULTS A total of 14 patients were analyzed; nine underwent FESS and five had a septoplasty/turbinectomy. There were no postoperative complications encountered. The only significant change in the first postoperative week was a reduction in the percentage of nights used over 4 hours (P < .05). By the third postoperative visit, average 22-item Sino-Nasal Outcome Test, Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation, and CPAP tolerance scores improved from preoperative values. CPAP pressures, residual apnea-hypopnea index, and number of hours and mean percentage of nights used remained stable throughout the study period. CONCLUSIONS Both quality-of-life and CPAP outcomes improved or remained the same when restarting CPAP immediately postoperatively. Combined with a lack of significant complications, this study suggests that CPAP is well-tolerated when restarted the day after a septoplasty/turbinectomy or FESS. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 4 Laryngoscope, 131:E1013-E1018, 2021.
In vitro analysis of colistin and ciprofloxacin antagonism of Pseudomonas aeruginosa phage PEV2 infection activities

Phage therapy is a century-old technique employing viruses (phages) to treat bacterial infections. In the clinic, phage therapy often is used in combination with antibiotics. Antibiotics, however, interfere with critical bacterial activities, such as DNA and protein synthesis, which also are required for phage infection processes. Resulting antagonistic impacts of antibiotics on phages nevertheless are not commonly determined in association with phage therapy studies using standard, planktonic approaches. Here we assess the antagonistic impact of two antibiotics, colistin and ciprofloxacin, on the bactericidal, bacteriolytic, and new virion production activities of Pseudomonas aeruginosa podovirus PEV2, using a broth culture, optical density-based lysis profile assay. Though phage-antibiotic combinations were more potent in reducing cell viability than phages or antibiotics alone, colistin substantially interfered with phage PEV2 bacteriolytic and virion-production activities at minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Ciprofloxacin, by contrast, had no such impact at 1x MIC or 3x MIC. At higher but still clinically relevant concentrations (9x MIC) burst sizes were still significant (~30 phages/infected bacterium). We corroborated these lysis profile results by more traditional measurements (colony forming units, plaque forming units, one-step growth experiments) and two other P. aeruginosa phages. To our knowledge this is the first study in which detailed antibiotic impact on P. aeruginosa phage infection activities has been determined under conditions similar to those used to determine antibiotic MICs and could point especially to ciprofloxacin as a minimally antagonistic phage therapy co-treatment of P. aeruginosa infections.
ALAMO: Autonomous Lightweight Allocation, Management, and Optimization

Several recent workshops conducted by the DOE Advanced Scientific Computing Research program have established the fact that the complexity of developing applications and executing them on high-performance computing (HPC) systems is rising at a rate which will make it nearly impossible to continue to achieve higher levels of performance and scalability. Absent an alternative approach to managing this ever-growing complexity, HPC systems will become increasingly difficult to use. A more holistic approach to designing and developing applications and managing system resources is required. This paper outlines a research strategy for managing the increasing the complexity by providing the programming environment, software stack, and hardware capabilities needed for autonomous resource management of HPC systems. Developing portable applications for a variety of HPC systems of varying scale requires a paradigm shift from the current approach, where applications are painstakingly mapped to individual machine resources, to an approach where machine resources are automatically mapped and optimized to applications as they execute. Achieving such automated resource management for HPC systems is a daunting challenge that requires significant sustained investment in exploring new approaches and novel capabilities in software and hardware that span the spectrum from programming systems to device-level mechanisms. This paper provides an overview of the functionality needed to enable autonomous resource management and optimization and describes the components currently being explored at Sandia National Laboratories to help support this capability.
Coexistence and configuration mixing in 112Cd

Abstract I have performed a two-state mixing analysis between so-called rotational intruder 0 + , 2 + and yrast 0 + , 2 + states in 112Cd, fitting E2 transition matrix elements to obtain mixing amplitudes and matrix elements connecting basis states. Mixing is found to be small for both 0 + and 2 + states. Of two possible solutions, one provides a 0 + mixing amplitude of 0.251– identical to the one derived years ago from 2n transfer data.
Cannabis sativa subsp. sativa's pharmacological properties and health effects: A scoping review of current evidence.

Introduction Hemp (Cannabis sativa subsp. sativa), commonly used for industrial purposes, is now being consumed by the public for various health promoting effects. As popularity of hemp research and claims of beneficial effects rises, a systematic collection of current scientific evidence on hemp's health effects and pharmacological properties is needed to guide future research, clinical, and policy decision making. Objective To provide an overview and identify the present landscape of hemp research topics, trends, and gaps. Methods A systematic search and analysis strategy according to the preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis-ScR (PRISMA-ScR) checklist on electronic databases including MEDLINE, OVID (OVFT, APC Journal Club, EBM Reviews), Cochrane Library Central and Clinicaltrials.gov was conducted to include and analyse hemp research articles from 2009 to 2019. Results 65 primary articles (18 clinical, 47 pre-clinical) were reviewed. Several randomised controlled trials showed hempseed pills (in Traditional Chinese Medicine formulation MaZiRenWan) improving spontaneous bowel movement in functional constipation. There was also evidence suggesting benefits in cannabis dependence, epilepsy, and anxiety disorders. Pre-clinically, hemp derivatives showed potential anti-oxidative, anti-hypertensive, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-neuroinflammatory, anti-arthritic, anti-acne, and anti-microbial activities. Renal protective effects and estrogenic properties were also exhibited in vitro. Conclusion Current evidence on hemp-specific interventions are still preliminary, with limited high quality clinical evidence for any specific therapeutic indication. This is mainly due to the wide variation in test item formulation, as the multiple variants of this plant differ in their phytochemical and bioactive compounds. Future empirical research should focus on standardising the hemp plant for pharmaceutical use, and uniformity in experimental designs to strengthen the premise of using hemp in medicine.
Get Outside! Promoting Adolescent Health through Outdoor After-School Activity.

Background: The Get Outside: After School Activity Program (GO-ASAP) exemplifies how a rural community can utilize its natural resources and community partnerships to promote adolescent health. Methods: A qualitative descriptive inquiry was conducted using convenience sampling. Data were collected from students (n = 13/2018; n = 13/2019) via focus group and art-based method (2018 only) and parent (n = 6/2018) focus group. Data were analyzed via qualitative content analysis using the applied theoretical frameworks of Social Cognitive Theory and Social Determination Theory. Results: (1) Increasing Health-Related Competencies. Students increased their physical activity, improved their sleep, perceived less stress, and reported changes in dietary habits and electronic use. (2) Increasing Social Relatedness. Students made new friends, felt more connected, and spent less time home alone after school. (3) Increasing Autonomy and Intrinsic Motivation. Students recognized their emerging capabilities, and their increased confidence stimulated more action-oriented behavior. Parent-perceived changes support and mirror student reports. Conclusion: Outdoor, nature-based, activity programs are a novel upstream approach to promote adolescent health, especially in rural communities where natural resources often exceed health-service resources and community partnerships are a way of life.
Patterns of Sexually Transmitted Infections in China

The analysis of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is a topic of major interest in demography, sociology and other disciplines. Indeed the STI phenomenon itself has resulted in recent years in the creation of several new journals including AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Diseases, and Sexually Transmitted Infections. STIs are a problem of enormous import in the world today and continue to spread at alarming rates. Furthermore, they are increasingly affecting larger and larger numbers of people. Specifically, sexually transmitted infections, such as HIV, are now gaining a foothold in the heterosexual population in China. The heterosexual population of China is at risk of infection for several reasons. These include the spread of infection via commercial sex workers in coastal provinces into mainland China by educated business men as well as by the growing number of surplus boys. China has also seen a rise in infection levels concurrent with their open door policy. This chapter explores the differing impacts of these infections in the People’s Republic of China. Though STIs are referred to by some investigators as sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), sexually transmitted infection (STI) is the most current and appropriate descriptor. Previously referred to as venereal diseases (VDs), they are now known as infections for various reasons that are associated with the stigma surrounding the terms “venereal,” “disease” and “sexually transmitted.” Whereas a disease is indicative of a lifelong and potentially incurable affliction, infection is in reality the more appropriate referent because of advances in modern medicine, which have rendered most
Clinical review: Respiratory mechanics in spontaneous and assisted ventilation

Pulmonary disease changes the physiology of the lungs, which manifests as changes in respiratory mechanics. Therefore, measurement of respiratory mechanics allows a clinician to monitor closely the course of pulmonary disease. Here we review the principles of respiratory mechanics and their clinical applications. These principles include compliance, elastance, resistance, impedance, flow, and work of breathing. We discuss these principles in normal conditions and in disease states. As the severity of pulmonary disease increases, mechanical ventilation can become necessary. We discuss the use of pressure–volume curves in assisting with poorly compliant lungs while on mechanical ventilation. In addition, we discuss physiologic parameters that assist with ventilator weaning as the disease process abates.
Immigration factors and prostate cancer survival among Hispanic men in California: Does neighborhood matter?

BACKGROUND Hispanics are more likely than other racial/ethnic groups in the United States to be diagnosed with later stage of prostate cancer, yet they have lower prostate cancer mortality rates. The authors evaluated the impact of nativity and neighborhood-level Hispanic ethnic enclave on prostate cancer survival among Hispanics. METHODS A total of 35,427 Hispanic men diagnosed with invasive prostate cancer from 1995 through 2008 in the California Cancer Registry were studied; vital status data were available through 2010. Block group-level neighborhood measures were developed from US Census data. Stage-stratified Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the effect of nativity and ethnic enclave on prostate cancer survival. RESULTS In models adjusted for neighborhood socioeconomic status and other individual factors, foreign-born Hispanics were found to have a significantly lower risk of prostate cancer survival (hazards ratio [HR], 0.81; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.75-0.87). Living in an ethnic enclave appeared to modify this effect, with the survival advantage slightly more pronounced in the high ethnic enclave neighborhoods (HR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.71-0.86) compared with low ethnic enclave neighborhoods (HR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.76-0.98). CONCLUSIONS Despite lower socioeconomic status, Hispanic immigrants have better survival after prostate cancer than US-born Hispanics and this pattern was more striking among those living in ethnic enclaves. Identifying the modifiable individual and neighborhood-level factors that facilitate this survival advantage in Hispanic immigrants may help to inform specific interventions to improve survival among all patients. Cancer 2014;120:1401–1408. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Overview of Microgrids in a Market Environment

This paper is an analysis of micro grids and their dynamics with energy markets, as well as an examination of the challenges and opportunities to an increase in micro grid penetration to serve electricity consumers. Micro grid functions are analyzed with respect to management, interfacing with electricity and reserves markets. Challenges are considered including the incumbent industry, renewable penetration, and issues related to market and policy structure. Opportunities are also considered including cost and reliability advantages, energy storage, natural gas generation, consumer clustering, and virtual power plants.
Comparison of three microbial toxicity screening tests with the Microtox test.

A variety of test methods, criteria and procedures have been developed to assess the impact of chemical pollutants on aquatic biota. With the increasing awareness of the long term effects of many of those chemical pollutants, research efforts are being directed at short term bioassay tests, in an attempt to quickly alert dischargers as well as monitoring agencies of potential toxic conditions. One of the reasons for the time emphasis is that some effluents may be able to be stopped or contained for short periods for extra treatment, if necessary, but volume problems would make it unrealistic to attempt a 24-h much less a 96-h containment. Also by rapid assessment of changes in effluent quality, it may be possible to modify treatment before too great an environmental impact has occurred.
New Fiber-Optic-Based High-Pressure Cell for Fluorescence Measurements in Near- and Supercritical Solvents

Studies of fluorescent molecules in supercritical fluids have done much to improve our understanding of solute-fluid, as well as solute-solute, interactions. However, most of the current high-pressure optical cells used in this field are cumbersome to work with and difficult or tedious to clean. Our group previously reported on a fiber-optic interface based on a bifurcated fiber probe which allowed spectroscopic measurements in supercritical solvents.
A comprehensive approach to the segmentation of multichannel three-dimensional MR brain images in multiple sclerosis

Accurate classification and quantification of brain tissues is important for monitoring disease progression, measurement of atrophy, and correlating magnetic resonance (MR) measures with clinical disability. Classification of MR brain images in the presence of lesions, such as multiple sclerosis (MS), is particularly challenging. Images obtained with lower resolution often suffer from partial volume averaging leading to false classifications. While partial volume averaging can be reduced by acquiring volumetric images at high resolution, image segmentation and quantification can be technically challenging. In this study, we integrated the brain anatomical knowledge with non-parametric and parametric statistical classifiers for automatically classifying tissues and lesions on high resolution multichannel three-dimensional images acquired on 60 MS brains. The results of automatic lesion segmentation were reviewed by the expert. The agreement between results obtained by the automated analysis and the expert was excellent as assessed by the quantitative metrics, low absolute volume difference percent (36.18 ± 34.90), low average symmetric surface distance (1.64 mm ± 1.30 mm), high true positive rate (84.75 ± 12.69), and low false positive rate (34.10 ± 16.00). The segmented results were also in close agreement with the corrected results as assessed by Bland–Altman and regression analyses. Finally, our lesion segmentation was validated using the MS lesion segmentation grand challenge dataset (MICCAI 2008).
Epitaxial growth of thin films studied by molecular dynamics simulation

Abstract The epitaxial growth of atomic systems, interacting via the spherically symmetric Lennard-Jones potential is studied as a function of substrate temperature T S and deposition rate. The calculations reveal the microscopic structure of thin films, and give insight into the dynamics of the adsorption process. For all substrate temperatures the growth is into well ordered layers which become fully completed at intermediate T S . At very low T S the layers contain defects and voids; however, the atoms are still arranged in close-packed islands within the layers. It is shown that the films exhibit a pronounced columnar structure if deposited at low T S .
MECHANICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF FIBROUS MATERIALS AS RELATED TO MEAT ANALOGS

. Using a composite material approach, fiber concentration and orientation were analyzed for their effect on mechanical properties of synthetic meat systems. Egg albumen binder soy fiber and Silastic rubber cotton thread systems were tested experimentally. Dynamic compressive and parallel creep shear tests were conducted to determine time dependent elastic and shear moduli. The maximum compressive modulus occurred with the fiber parallel to the loading direction while the shear modulus was greatest with the fibers at a 45d orientation. The compressive modulus was minimum at a fiber orientation perpendicular to the load. Experimental values for the shear modulus were minimized at 0d and 90d orientation. Higher fiber concentration resulted in higher compressive and shear moduli for both experimental two-phase systems.
The analysis of aminoglycoside antibiotics by capillary electrophoresis

Abstract The analyses of aminoglycoside antibiotics by capillary electrophoresis utilizing borate complexation and direct UV detection are discussed. Twelve aminoglycosides were studied and separated to demonstrate identification capabilities, with migration time RSDs from 0.21 to 0.44% ( n = 6) for individual components. This buffer system permitted the detection of minor impurities such as precursors or closely related fermentation products. Quantification of dihydrostreptomycin and streptomycin was accomplished in 160 mM sodium tetraborate decahydrate with linearity over the range 0.050–1.0 mg ml −1 . Determination of the purity of bulk dihydrostreptomycin was possible by the addition of the cationic surfactant myristyltrimethylammonium bromide. This reversed the electroosmotic flow, thereby reversing the migration order, and causing the streptomycin impurity to migrate before the dihydrostreptomycin main peak. Quantification was also demonstrated with the closely related compounds amikacin, bekanamycin, kanamycin A, and tobramycin, using sisomicin as an internal standard. The reproducibility of the method was typically 2–3% over 1 day, and 2% day-to-day. These studies illustrate the use of capillary electrophoresis for the identification and quantification of selected aminoglycosides as potential alternative methods to the assays given by the US Pharmacopeia.
Desiring Citizenship: A Rhetorical Analysis of the Wells/Willard Controversy

The debate between Frances E. Willard (1839–1898) and Ida B. Wells (1862–1931) concerning the horrors of lynching in the 1890s was also, and I argue fundamentally, about the expansion of citizenship. A rhetorical analysis of this public argument, which spanned nearly a decade and took place before national and international audiences, offers a glimpse into how sexual desire, race, and gender functioned as mutually constitutive categories of identity in turn-of-the-century struggles for suffrage.
Identification of some polyenoic acids isolated from human testicular tissue.

Five polyenoic acids present in human testicular tissue have been isolated in pure form by gas chromatography and chemically identified using procedures of hydrogenation and UV absorption spectrometry following alkaline isomerization and ozonolysis. Three of these (20∶3, 22∶4 and 22∶5) belong to the linoleic acid and the other two (22∶6 and 22∶5), to the α-linolenic acid family. The latter (22∶5ω3) had not been reported previously in human testes; the others had been tentatively identified by retention time using gas chromatography.