cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On Systems Theoretic Aspects of Koopman Operator Theoretic Frameworks

In this paper, we point out and study a connection between the recently flourishing consideration of Koopman operators and classical systems theoretic concepts such as aggregation and observability decompositions of nonlinear systems. The exploration of this newly unveiled cross-connection promotes a cross-fertilization of different methodologies and ideas intrinsic to the two different frameworks, resulting in a deeper understanding of both domains. In particular, the insights established in the paper connect intuitive systems theoretic viewpoints with the framework of Koopman operators.
Noninvasive diagnosis of recurrent autoimmune type 1 diabetes after islet cell transplantation

Islet cell transplantation is curative therapy for patients with complicated autoimmune type 1 diabetes (T1D). We report the diagnostic potential of circulating transplant islet-specific exosomes to noninvasively distinguish pancreatic β cell injury secondary to recurrent autoimmunity vs immunologic rejection. A T1D patient with hypoglycemic unawareness underwent islet transplantation and maintained normoglycemia until posttransplant day 1098 before requiring exogenous insulin. Plasma analysis showed decreased donor islet exosome quantities on day 1001, before hyperglycemia onset. This drop in islet exosome quantity signified islet injury, but did not distinguish injury type. However, analysis of purified transplant islet exosome cargoes showed decrease in insulin-containing exosomes, but not glucagon-containing exosomes, indicating selective destruction of transplanted β cells secondary to recurrent T1D autoimmunity. Furthermore, donor islet exosome cargo analysis showed time-specific increase in islet autoantigen, glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD65), implicated in T1D autoimmunity. Time-matched analysis of plasma transplant islet exosomes in 3 control subjects undergoing islet cell transplantation failed to show changes in islet exosome quantities or intraexosomal cargo expression of insulin, glucagon, and GAD65. This is the first report of noninvasive diagnosis of recurrent autoimmunity after islet cell transplantation, suggesting that transplant tissue exosome platform may serve as a biomarker in islet transplant diagnostics.
Molecular and imaging correlates of exceptional pathologic response to neoadjuvant ADT plus enzalutamide.

61Background: AR directed therapies are standard of care for metastatic prostate cancer, and their use for high-risk localized disease may improve survival. Previous trials showed that suppression ...
MON-258 Toddler with Hypercalcemia: Diagnosis of Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia

Introduction: Hypercalcemia has a wide range of causes, and there are many important diagnostic values that must be considered by the pediatrician in reaching a diagnosis. Case and Discussion: This case provides an example for the outpatient-workup of hypercalcemia in pediatric population. The patient is a 17 m/o male with a three month episodic history of non-bloody, watery diarrhea and poor weight gain. He was born at 39 weeks gestation to a G2P2 mother. The pregnancy was complicated by DM-II and obesity. All newborn screening was normal. Initial testing revealed an elevated serum calcium level of 11.0mg/dL. In the initial workup of pediatric hypercalcemia, it is important to establish the presence of an appropriate physiologic response to elevated serum calcium. In patients with functional parathyroid glands, hypercalcemia should induce a low or suppressed level of parathyroid-hormone (PTH) secretion. N appropriate response suggests that the underlying cause of hypercalcemia is PTH-independent, such as hypervitaminosis D, sarcoidosis, or paraneoplastic secretion of PTHrp. If PTH levels are elevated, PTH-dependent causes of hypercalcemia must be considered, such as 1o/3o hyperparathyroidism and familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia (FHH). Random urine calcium levels are useful in distinguishing between these causes, as calcium reabsorption in the kidney will hit a saturation point with 1o/3o hyperparathyroidism, resulting in detectable calciuria. Further testing in this patient revealed serum electrolytes, albumin, total protein, creatinine, and LFTs all within normal limits. PTH levels were elevated at 99.7 mg/dL, suggesting a PTH-dependent cause of hypercalcemia. Random urine calcium was collected and found to be significantly low at <1.0mg/24h, which suggests a diagnosis of FHH. The patient was referred to a radiologist for ultrasound of the neck to effectively rule out neoplastic-related 1o hyperparathyroidism. Conclusion: Evaluation of hypercalcemia is important and relevant to rule out parathyroid or other diseases. FHH is normally asymptomatic, and there are no curative treatments for this condition.
Mental Health Policy: Fundamental Reform or Incremental Change?

The history of mental health policy has been characterized by a series of cycles of fundamental reform, each followed by a period of incremental gains. The nineteenth-century moral treatment movement gave rise to the asylum. The mental hygiene movement of the turn of the twentieth century led to the development of small inpatient units and outpatient services in academic medical centers. Community mental health centers were introduced by a reform movement in the 1960s, which also brought us Medicare and Medicaid. And a community support movement in the 1970s and 1980s shifted the focus from the early treatment of mental illnesses to providing support for individuals already disabled by mental disorders. What might look like retrenchment to the fundamental reformers can look like slow progress to those on the ground. A sequence of incremental changes can bring progress, even in conservative times. At this point in time, as we find ourselves immersed in the uncertainty about the future of health reform and the place of behavioral health within it, there are many questions for mental health policy. This chapter explores those questions and issues in the United States.
Competition, Corporate Governance, & Managerial Slack: Evidence from Trade Liberalization

Taking an interdependent view of governance mechanisms, in this study we test the substitution perspective of the governance bundle, i.e., that governance mechanisms substitute for each other. Spec...
A survey of computer science curricula at liberal arts colleges: a pilot study

The purpose of this paper is to gain information about computer science curricula at liberal arts colleges. This survey examines the web sites of liberal arts colleges from a small geographic area to answer various questions in such areas as a depth first versus a breadth first curriculum, the first programming language used, and the use of closed laboratories. It also examines whether courses such as networks, computer systems, capstone courses, and internships are offered. This survey is also a pilot to determine the usefulness for a larger survey.
SV40 large T antigen is not responsible for the loss of STING in 293T cells but can inhibit cGAS-STING interferon induction

Several DNA viruses have evolved antagonists to inhibit the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) DNA-sensing immune pathway. This includes DNA viral oncogenes that antagonize the cGAS-STING pathway by binding STING through the LxCxE motif. The 293T human cells are widely used in biology studies as they are highly transfectable. While parental 293 cells express high levels of STING, 293T cells lack STING and are unable to induce interferon antiviral responses to cytosolic DNA. Additionally, 293T cells express the SV40 polyomavirus large T antigen (LT) which enhances the replication of transfected DNA plasmids carrying the SV40 origin of replication. Since SV40 LT also encodes the LxCxE motif, the lack of STING expression in 293T cells is commonly assumed to be due to SV40 large T antigen. We find that SV40 LT does not alter exogenously expressed and endogenous levels of STING protein. We show that STING transcription is suppressed in 293T cells but is not driven by SV40. This study also revealed that SV40 LT does indeed inhibit cGAS-STING interferon induction, but through a mechanism distinct from other DNA virus oncogenes. Collectively, these results indicate that while SV40 LT can inhibit cGAS-STING interferon induction, it does so in an unanticipated manner.
Association of Sex With Repair Type and Long-term Mortality in Adults With Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm

Importance Sex-based differences exist in the prevalence and clinical presentation of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). However, it is unclear if sex is associated with AAA repair type and long-term mortality. Objective To investigate whether a sex-related difference exists in mortality risk after AAA repair owing to differences in repair type. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study uses data from the Vascular Quality Initiative, a national clinical registry, and Medicare claims to investigate endovascular and surgical repair procedures performed between January 1, 2003, and September 30, 2015, in patients aged 65 years or older with AAA. The data were analyzed from October 1, 2018, to November 19, 2019. Exposure Sex of the patient. Main Outcomes and Measures Endovascular (EVR) or open surgical AAA repair type and subsequent long-term, all-cause mortality. Results In this cohort study of 16 386 patients, 12 757 (77.9%) were men and 3629 (22.1%) were women. Women were more likely than men to be older (mean [SD] age, 77 [6.5] years vs 75 [6.6] years;P Conclusions and Relevance In this study, women were 65% more likely than men to undergo open surgical repair. After EVR repair, women were 13% more likely to die than men, although no sex-based difference in mortality was found after open surgical repair. The differential treatment benefit of EVR repair in women is concerning given the shift toward an EVR-first approach to AAA repair.
Neutron escape probabilities in 3-D reentrant geometries computed using ray tracing

Abstract Escape probabilities are fundamental inputs in the calculation of self-shielded cross sections for multigroup neutron transport models. Rational approximations are often used to compute escape probabilities in geometries commonly encountered in nuclear reactors. Although analytical approximations are simple and rapid, they are limited in applicability and accuracy. Here we show that ray tracing can be used to compute accurate escape probabilities in reentrant geometries with and without spherical symmetry. We use 3-D ray tracing to compute escape probabilities and their uncertainties in a spherical shell with a central void and a six-pointed cross shape. Results are benchmarked by comparison to Monte Carlo neutron transport simulations done in MCNP6.2 and analytical results. The escape probabilities in the spherical shell computed with ray tracing are within 0.51% of the analytical benchmark, and in the cross geometry the escape probabilities are within 1.4% of the MCNP6.2 benchmark.
Effects of Sleep and Waking on the Synaptic Ultrastructure

We summarize here several studies performed in our laboratory, mainly using serial block-face scanning electron microscopy (SBEM), to assess how sleep, spontaneous waking and short sleep deprivation affect the size and number of synapses in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. With SBEM, we reconstructed thousands of cortical and hippocampal excitatory, axospinous synapses and compared the distribution of their size after several hours of sleep relative to several hours of waking. Because stronger synapses are on average also bigger, the goal was to test a prediction of the synaptic homeostasis hypothesis, according to which overall synaptic strength increases during waking, owing to ongoing learning, and needs to be renormalized during sleep, to avoid saturation and to benefit memory consolidation and integration. Consistent with this hypothesis, we found that the size of the axon-spine interface (ASI), a morphological measure of synaptic strength, was on average smaller after sleep, but with interesting differences between primary cortex and the CA1 region of the hippocampus. In two-week-old mouse pups, the decline in ASI size after sleep was larger, and affected more cortical synapses, compared with one-month-old adolescent mice, suggesting that synaptic renormalization during sleep may be especially important during early development. This work is still in progress and other brain areas need to be tested after sleep, acute sleep loss and chronic sleep restriction. Still, the current results show that a few hours of sleep or waking lead to significant changes in synaptic morphology that can be linked to changes in synaptic efficacy. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Memory reactivation: replaying events past, present and future'.
Pyoderma gangrenosum associated with limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis: a rare case with literature review

Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a skin disease characterized by painful ulcers that, when not appropriately treated, can lead to permanent disfigurement. Pyoderma gangrenosum has been observed in a multitude of autoimmune disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and sarcoidosis (Feld et al. J Rheumatol. 39(1):197, 2012; Herrero et al. J Rheumatol. 36:7:1557-1558, 2009). It is rarely associated with autoimmune disorders such as systemic sclerosis. We report a case of a patient with known limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis who developed an ulcerated lesion on the 2nd digit of the left hand. The lesion was initially thought to be cellulitis and the patient underwent superficial wound debridement. Postoperatively, the patient's lesions worsened. The patient was treated with intravenous (IV) methylprednisolone and 0.05% topical clobetasol due to high suspicion for PG with complete resolution of ulcerated lesions and minimal scarring.
Journey Toward Multicultural Consultation and Diversity of Perspectives

Colette Ingraham, Ph.D., NCSP (UC Berkeley) has enjoyed a long and productive career in school psychology. Much of her work falls into the areas of multicultural school psychology and consultation, giving attention to culture, context, social justice, perspective, and both systems and interpersonal levels of analysis. She is best known for her work in multicultural and cross-cultural consultation, advocating for educational equity, and inclusion and diversity in research training and practice. She has served in national (e.g., APA, NASP, TSP) and state (SPEC, CASP) organizations of school psychologists and trainers of school psychologists. In this chapter, she tells her first person account of her development into a professor of school psychology at San Diego State University, with the themes that characterize her journey as a leader in school psychology, professor for 36+ years, mentor to students and faculty, and as a dedicated mother.
Planetary Rover Exploration Combining Remote and In Situ Measurements for Active Spectroscopic Mapping

Maintaining high levels of productivity for planetary rover missions is very difficult due to limited communication and heavy reliance on ground control. There is a need for autonomy that enables more adaptive and efficient actions based on real-time information. This paper presents an autonomous mapping and exploration approach for planetary rovers. We first describe a machine learning model that actively combines remote and rover measurements for mapping. We focus on spectroscopic data because they are commonly used to investigate surface composition. We then incorporate notions from information theory and non-myopic path planning to improve exploration productivity. Finally, we demonstrate the feasibility and successful performance of our approach via spectroscopic investigations of Cuprite, Nevada; a well-studied region of mineralogical and geological interest. We first perform a detailed analysis in simulations, and then validate those results with an actual rover in the field in Nevada.
An evolution in sentinel node mapping for cervical cancer.

The technique of sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy has emerged as an alternative to complete pelvic lymphadenectomy to establish lymph node status in early stage cervical cancers. Traditional lymph node stripping techniques are associated with high rates of patient morbidity, such as lymphedema. For the majority of patients who are free of lymph node metastases this morbidity seems unnecessary if an alternative technique can achieve the same accuracy.
Comparison of Composites, Dichotomous, and Latent Factor Measurement Operationalizations in Hospitality Research on Moderating Effects:

Moderation testing through latent factor models is relatively underutilized in hospitality and tourism research. The purpose of this research is to highlight the differences in the treatment of mea...
On-site FDS test analysis and countermeasure strategy discussions of Oil-impregnated Paper Condenser Bushing

As a new non-destructive test method, FDS (which is short for frequency-domain dielectric spectroscopy) can reflect the dampness condition of oil-paper insulation system sensitively. At present, FDS method has been widely used in on-site test of OIP (which is short for oil-impregnated paper) condenser bushing of transformer. In this paper, considering the actual situation of on-site test in transformer substations in recent years, the authors studied the influence of different batches of test equipment from the same manufacturer, different manufacturers' equipment, and different test output voltages of the same equipment on on-site FDS test aiming at OIP bushings. Combined with test results analysis, it is considered that there is a great deal of randomness of electromagnetic interference in transformer substation, the results show that it is not the higher the test output voltage is, the smaller the interference is. Instead, output voltage should be adjusted flexibly according to the actual on-site situation, and tester should also take other anti-interference measures, thus expecting to get ideal test results.
THOU SHALT NOT DIVERSIFY: WHY 'TWO OF EVERY SORT'?

This paper presents a study of the intertemporal propagation of distributional properties of phenotypes in general polygenic multisex inheritance models with sex- and time-dependent heritabilities. It further analyzes the implications of these models under heavy-tailedness of traits' initial distributions. Our results suggest the optimality of a flexible asexual/binary mating system. Switching between asexual and binary inheritance mechanisms allows the population effectively to achieve a fast suppression of negative traits and a fast dispersion of positive traits, regardless of the distributional properties of the phenotypes in the initial period.
Property as Capture and Care

This article describes property law as a constant negotiation between capture and care. On the one side, the rule of capture enables a possessory right through effort and intent, chiefly individualistic elements of a scheme that allows for the privatization of natural resources. However, capture tells only part of the property story, and this article brings to light non-capture aims in property that may be justified by the principle of care. To explain care in this context, this article borrows from ecofeminism, an approach to environmental politics and ethics that “makes a central place for values of care, love, friendship, trust, and appropriate reciprocity – values that presuppose that our relationships with others are central to our understanding of who we are.” The article concludes that property law cannot be understood only through the individualistic aims of capture, and that a perspective of care provides property with a more comprehensive justification of the balance between private and public in a system that allocates common goods to private control.
Growth and Antifungal Resistance of the Pathogenic Yeast, Candida Albicans, in the Microgravity Environment of the International Space Station: An Aggregate of Multiple Flight Experiences

This report was designed to compare spaceflight-induced cellular and physiological adaptations of Candida albicans cultured in microgravity on the International Space Station across several payloads. C. albicans is a common opportunistic fungal pathogen responsible for a variety of superficial infections as well as systemic and more severe infections in humans. Cumulatively, the propensity of this organism to be widespread through the population, the ability to produce disease in immunocompromised individuals, and the tendency to respond to environmental stress with characteristics associated with increased virulence, require a better understanding of the yeast response to microgravity for spaceflight crew safety. As such, the responses of this yeast cultivated during several missions using two in-flight culture bioreactors were analyzed and compared herein. In general, C. albicans had a slightly shorter generation time and higher growth propensity in microgravity as compared to terrestrial controls. Rates of cell filamentation differed between bioreactors, but were low and not significantly different between flight and terrestrial controls. Viable cells were retrieved and cultured, resulting in a colony morphology that was similar between cells cultivated in flight and in terrestrial control conditions, and in contrast to that previously observed in a ground-based microgravity analog system. Of importance, yeast demonstrated an increased resistance when challenged during spaceflight with the antifungal agent, amphotericin B. Similar levels of resistance were not observed when challenged with the functionally disparate antifungal drug caspofungin. In aggregate, yeast cells cultivated in microgravity demonstrated a subset of characteristics associated with virulence. In addition, and beyond the value of the specific responses of C. albicans to microgravity, this report includes an analysis of biological reproducibility across flight opportunities, compares two spaceflight hardware systems, and includes a summary of general flight and payload timelines.
Work coping, stress appraisal, and psychological resilience: Reaction to the COVID-19 pandemic among health care providers

Objective: This study examined the relationship between perceived stress appraisals and coping style during the COVID-19 pandemic, resulting distress reaction and effects on work engagement. Method: The sample (N = 423) was 78.6% female with average age and education of 38.5 and 18.4 years, respectively. Most respondents reported working in psychology/neuropsychology (31.7%) and rehabilitation/other therapies (29.7%). Surveys were distributed via Qualtrics among health care providers via listservs and referral emails from medical providers. Measures included: the Brief COPE Inventory, Work and Well Being Survey (UWES), Stress Appraisal Measure (SAM), Generalized Anxiety Disorder Screener (GAD-7), and the Screening Tool for Psychological Distress (STOP-D). Results: Health care workers endorsing problem-focused coping styles had lower levels of perceived threat and higher levels of perceived control in their response to the pandemic. Problem-focused coping was negatively associated with anxiety and depression in reaction to the pandemic when compared with health care workers who endorsed an emotion-focused coping style. Higher stress appraisal in response to perceived threat from the pandemic was not associated with lower work engagement or enthusiasm. Conclusions: Findings support the impact of coping style on psychological distress and work engagement during pandemic, with implications that these factors may be important considerations for mitigation of distress and burnout for health care workers during times of high stress. Initiatives to improve resiliency and wellness in health care workers may examine modifiable interventions for coping style. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved) Impact Statement This study suggests that, among health care workers, using a problem focused coping style in response to COVID-19 pandemic stress mitigates experience of psychological distress and burnout. Initiatives that focus on modifiable interventions for coping styles may improve wellness in health care workers during environments of high stress, such as a chronic pandemic state. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved)
Being Present: The Influence of Mindfulness on Financial Decisions

Mindfulness, the meditative process of non-judgmentally focusing on the present, has gained popularity as an accessible and efficacious cognitive behavioral therapy. We experimentally examine whether state mindfulness affects individuals' preferences and financial choices. By shifting attentional focus to the present, mindfulness increases individuals' subjective discount rates. Consequently, state mindfulness causes people to invest less and realize more of their stock gains, which reduces trading performance. Evidence from field data reinforces the experimental findings. Our results highlight that health initiatives can have direct effects on financial decision-making, which is likely to be increasingly relevant as individuals continue to adopt self-help therapeutics.
Surface curvature-quantized energy and forcefield in spacetime-warped chemical physics

Surface curvatures-quantized spacetime’s energy, forcefield, uncertainty and coupling were introduced consistently for geometrizing chemical physics generally to support well-established theories, tackle longstanding problems, predict new chemistry and chemical biology, geometrize Heisenberg’s Uncertainty, and quantize and generalize Einstein’s spacetime.
On surface versus atmospheric forcing in regional climate simulations

The sensitivities of soil-moisture impacts on summer rainfall in the central United States to different commonly used cumulus parameterization and surface flux schemes are examined using the PSU-NCAR MM5 under different atmospheric and soil-moisture conditions. The cumulus convection schemes used are the Kuo and Grell parameterization schemes, while the surface-moisture flux schemes used are the aerodynamic formulation and the Simple Biosphere (SiB) model. Results show that a transient increase in soil moisture enhanced total rainfall over the simulation domain. The increase in soil moisture enhanced local rainfall when the lower atmosphere was thermally unstable and relatively dry. but it decreased the rainfall when the atmosphere was humid and lacked sufficient thermal forcing to initiate deep convection. Soilmoisture impacts were noticeably stronger for the Kuo scheme, which simulated lighter peak rainfall, than those for the Grell scheme, which simulated heavier peak rainfall. The greater sensitivity to soil moisture exhibited by the Kuo scheme than either the Grell or explicit schemes implies that it exaggerated the role of soil moisture. This difference was related to how each scheme partitioned rainfall between convective and stable forms, and possibly to 'Reprinted with permission, 1996(8).I78&-180J
Implicit Definitions, Second-Order Quantifiers, and the Robustness of the Logical Operators

We use a modified version of E.Beth’s concept of implicit definitions to show that all the usual logical operators as well as the first and second order quantifiers are implicitly defined—and for essentially the same reason that involves an account of the logical operators using a concept of filter conditions. An “inferential” proposal is then suggested for a Gentzen-like account as a necessary condition for the familiar logical operators. We then explore the question of whether our proposal can also be taken as a sufficient condition. To this end, we discuss whether other operators, like a truth operator, the counterfactual conditional, the identity, and the modal operators are also logical operators. The paper closes with a brief discussion of what is called the robustness of the logical operators: What happens to the logical operators when there is a shift from one logical structure to another which extends it, and what happens when there is a shift from one structure to one in which it is homomorphically embedded.
Independence of Characters

This section introduces the important notion of a fixed field, and characters are used to compute its degree over a base field.
Physiological impact of a Bacillus thuringiensis toxin on the black cutworm that enhances baculovirus pathogenicity

15 Introduction 16 Materials and Methods 2. 1. Insects, plants and virus 18 2.2. Impact of HerculexTM I exposure on virus infection 19 2.3. Midgut pH measurements 21 2.4. Gut proteinase assays 21 2.5. Impact of chymotrypsin on virus infectivity 24 2.6. Scanning Electron Microscopy 25
Providing Assistive Technology and Alternate Media in Community Colleges: A Case Study

While required by federal and state law, full access at the community college level for students with assistive technology (AT) and alternate media needs presents multiple challenges. Programs must be carefully planned to not only instruct students in assistive technologies which will enable them to access instructional materials, but entire campuses and college systems must work as cohesive units in order to create access for all students. One example of a community college AT and alternate media plan will be presented, with discussion regarding technological limitations and future directions. California community colleges provide a useful case study, as recent changes in the law and campus practices have led to widespread adoption of assistive technologies and principles of universal access.
Gender and Geography: Does Proximity Play a Role in Women’s Decisions to Run for Office?

There is a broad literature describing the vast underrepresentation of women in elective offices in the United States. At the same time there is much literature demonstrating that the offices women do hold are generally more local in nature. This paper is a preliminary step in looking at one of the potential underlying reasons for women to choose not to seek office beyond their local community – distance from home to the job. Being a preliminary analysis only rather weak support is found, but further work is urged.
Optimization of Turbomachinery Airfoils with a Genetic/ Sequential-Quadratic-Programming Algorithm

Theobjectiveofthisaerodynamicshapedesigneffortistominimizetotalpressurelossacrossthetwo-dimensional linear-airfoil cascade row while satisfying a number of constraints. They included e xed axial chord, total torque, inlet and exit e ow angles, and blade cross-section area, while maintaining thickness distribution greater than a minimum specie ed value. The aerodynamic shape optimization can be performed by using any available e owe eld analysis code. For the analysis of the performance of intermediate cascade shapes, we used an unstructuredgrid-based compressible Navier ‐Stokes e owe eld analysis code with a k‐" turbulence model. A robust genetic optimization algorithm was used for optimization, and a constrained sequential quadratic programming was used for enforcement of certain constraints. The airfoil geometry was parameterized using conic section parameters and B-splines, thus keeping the number of geometric design variables to a minimum while achieving a high degree of geometric e exibility and robustness. Signie cant reductions of the total pressure loss were achieved using this constrained method for a supersonic exit e ow axial turbine cascade.
Human melanoma cells express a novel integrin receptor for laminin.

Abstract This study sought to determine whether human melanoma cells express integrin-related receptors that mediate their adhesion to laminin. We found that antibodies against the integrin beta 1 chain blocked cell attachment to laminin-coated surfaces. Furthermore, immunofluorescence staining demonstrated beta 1 complexes in vinculin-positive focal adhesion plaques on the basal surface of cells attached to laminin substrates. Chromatography of detergent extracts of 125I-surface-labeled cells on laminin-Sepharose columns recovered two major laminin-binding proteins (100 and 130 kDa, reduced) that bound with high affinity to the columns and were eluted with EDTA. Both proteins were specifically immunoprecipitated from column fractions with monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies to the integrin beta 1 subunit, indicating that they form a noncovalent heterodimer complex. The alpha-like subunit is composed of a 30-kDa light chain that is joined by a disulfide bond to the 100-kDa heavy chain. This complex was not recovered from columns of fibronectin- or collagen type I- or IV-Sepharose. Laminin-binding by the alpha beta 1 complex was independent of Arg-Gly-Asp or Tyr-Ile-Gly-Ser-Arg-like sequences, but required the presence of divalent cations. The 100-kDa alpha-like subunit was electrophoretically and immunochemically distinct from the other known alpha subunits, alpha 1-alpha 6. The results indicate that human melanoma cells express a novel laminin-specific integrin beta 1 complex which may mediate the cells' interactions with this ligand.
Social Determinants of Married Women’s Attitudinal Acceptance of Intimate Partner Violence

Informed by the social determinants of health (SDH) framework, this study examined whether women’s attitudinal acceptance of intimate partner violence (IPV) varies according to material circumstances, such as characteristics of their communities. Data were obtained from the sixth Bangladesh Demographic Health Surveys (BDHS) of 2011, a cross-sectional and secondary population-based study that covers the entire population residing in noninstitutional dwelling units in Bangladesh. The sample included 16,480 married women living in 600 communities who were 15 to 49 years old. Results showed that community characteristics were significantly associated with married women’s attitudes toward IPV. The associations, however, were considerably more complicated than previously thought. Community poverty and wife beating justification were inversely related, such that regardless of their socioeconomic status (SES), living in poorer communities increased women’s likelihood of condemning IPV (p < .001). Also, unexpected...
Rutgers University Research Experience for Teachers in Engineering: Preliminary Findings.

In addressing the nation’s need for a more technologically -literate society, the Rutgers University Research Experience for Teachers in Engineering (RU RET-E) is designed to: (1) engage middle and high school math and science teachers in innovative “green” engineering research during the summer, and (2) support teachers in integrating their research experiences into their academic year, precollege classrooms. The current paper addresses the following two questions: (1) To what extent did RU RET-E impact participants? and (2) To what extent did participants implement resulting lesson plans? During the 2011 summer, seventeen math and science teachers (RU RET-E Fellows) engaged in “green” research alongside faculty and graduate students. Teachers were require d to apply to the program in pairs as one math and one science teacher from the same school. The rationale was that the team would develop interdisciplinary lessons and that teachers would have a colleague at their school who shared the same experience as supports during the school year. The paper provides an overview of the summer experiences and the academic year follow-up activities. Data from the pre- and post-surveys and follow-up questionnaire about lesson implementation are presented. Preliminary data evidences that RU RET- E was successful in enhancing teachers’ understanding of engineering and supporting them as they designed lessons for their precollege classrooms. Most notably, teachers’ confidence in their ability to define engineering, describe what engineers do, generate challenging problems for advanced students and integrate engineering into their curriculum increased significantly.
Regulation of the mitochondrial permeability transition in kidney proximal tubules and its alteration during hypoxia-reoxygenation

Development of the mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) can importantly contribute to lethal cell injury from both necrosis and apoptosis, but its role varies considerably with both the type of cell and type of injury, and it can be strongly opposed by the normally abundant endogenous metabolites ADP and Mg2+. To better characterize the MPT in kidney proximal tubule cells and assess its contribution to injury to them, we have refined and validated approaches to follow the process in whole kidney proximal tubules and studied its regulation in normoxic tubules and after hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R). Physiological levels of ADP and Mg2+ greatly decreased sensitivity to the MPT. Inhibition of cyclophilin D by cyclosporine A (CsA) effectively opposed the MPT only in the presence of ADP and/or Mg2+. Nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) had a large role in the decreased resistance to the MPT seen after H/R irrespective of the available substrate or the presence of ADP, Mg2+, or CsA, but removal of NEFA was less effective at restoring normal resistance to the MPT in the presence of electron transport complex I-dependent substrates than with succinate. The data indicate that the NEFA accumulation that occurs during both hypoxia in vitro and ischemic acute kidney injury in vivo is a critical sensitizing factor for the MPT that overcomes the antagonistic effect of endogenous metabolites and cyclophilin D inhibition, particularly in the presence of complex I-dependent substrates, which predominate in vivo.
Effects of cisatracurium in children during halothane-nitrous oxide anesthesia.

Abstract Study Objective: To determine the neuromuscular blocking effect and recovery profile of cisatracurium besylate in children after administration of a bolus dose that was twice the estimated dose required to produce 95% of the maximum effect (2 × ED 95 ; 0.08 mg/kg) followed by an infusion during halothane-nitrous oxide anesthesia. Study Design: Open-label study. Setting: Teaching hospital. Patients: 30 male and female (ASA physical status I and II) patients, 2 to 10 years of age, scheduled for elective surgery of low to moderate risk. Interventions: After induction of general anesthesia, patients received cisatracurium 0.08 mg/kg administered over 5 to 10 seconds. For surgical procedures requiring neuromuscular block for at least 60 minutes, a second bolus dose of cisatracurium 0.02 mg/kg was administered after the first response to a train-of-four stimuli (T 1 ) recovered to 25% of baseline. When T 1 was 5% of baseline after the second dose, a 3 μg/kg/min infusion of cisatracurium was initiated and titrated to maintain 89% to 99% block for the duration of the surgery. For procedures requiring neuromuscular block of less than 60 minutes, one or more maintenance doses of 0.02 mg/kg cisatracurium were administered when T 1 was 25% of baseline after the preceding dose. In 10 patients, recovery was facilitated with edrophonium 1.0 mg/kg administered when T 1 was 26% to 48% of the final baseline. Measurements and Main Results: Evoked muscular response at the adductor pollicis was measured by electromyography. With 0.08 mg/kg, onset time (mean ± SEM) was 4.1 ± 0.4 minutes, and clinically effective duration was 27.3 ± 0.9 minutes. Mean 5% to 95% and 25% to 75% recovery indices were 28.4 ± 2.7 minutes and 11.2 ± 0.8 minutes, respectively. The mean infusion rate necessary to maintain 89% to 99% T 1 suppression for 17 to 145 minutes was 1.7 μg/kg/min. After termination of infusion, the mean 5% to 95% and 25% to 75% recovery indices were similar to those after a single bolus dose, and time to 95% recovery was 30.4 ± 3.0 minutes. After administration of edrophonium, full recovery (T 4 :T 1 ≥ 70%) occurred in 1.5 ± 0.4 minutes. No clinically significant changes in heart rate or blood pressure were noted during the first 5 minutes after administration of cisatracurium 0.08 mg/kg. Conclusions: Cisatracurium provided maximal neuromuscular block, cardiovascular stability, and predictable recovery at the doses tested. In view of this finding, cisatracurium should be a useful intermediate-duration neuromuscular blocking drug for children during general anesthesia.
The Effect of Correction of Metabolic Acidosis on Calcium and Protein Metabolism in Patients on Hemodialysis

Abstract Acid-base balance can be improved in the patient on hemodialysis by increasing the dialysate bicarbonate. One hundred and forty-three adult patients undergoing hemodialysis at a university hospital dialysis center were studied for two consecutive months. After the regular dialysis treatment of 35 mEq/L of dialysate bicarbonate for one month, the experimental group (n = 110 patients) received an increase in their dialysate bicarbonate to 38 mEq/L. The control group (n = 33) was given their regular dialysis treatment of 35 mEq/L of dialysate bicarbonate for the entire two month study period. Monthly serum bicarbonate levels were compared in the experimental group and in the control group. Metabolic acidosis was corrected postdialysis in the experimental group as evidenced by improved levels of bicarbonate; midweek predialysis serum bicarbonate levels increased from 20.2 ± 0.3 (Mean ± SEM) to 21.2 ± 0.3 (p = 0.02), and midweek postdialysis serum bicarbonate levels increased from 27.1 ± 0.3 (Mean ± SEM) to 28.8 ± 0.3 (p = 0.000). In the experimental group the serum calcium levels increased from 8.3 ± 0.1 (Mean ± SEM) to 8.6 ± 0.1 (p = 0.04) despite a decrease in the dialysate calcium (30 to 2.8 mEq/L). No changes in the dialysate calcium or serum calcium occurred in the control group during the two month period. Improved serum calcium levels may reflect changes occurring in bone metabolism. No changes were detectable in protein metabolism after monthly analysis of the caloric and dietary protein intakes. KT/V. and protein catabolic rate during this short evaluation period.
Scientific Goals of the IceCube Neutrino Detector at the South Pole

Abstract IceCube is a proposed ice-Cherenkov kilometer scale neutrino telescope, to be located at the South Pole. Its science potential covers a wide range of topics from Active Galatic Nuclei and Gamma Ray Bursters neutrino emission to WIMP annihilation into neutrinos.
EXPERIMENTAL ASPECTS OF DUAL THEORIES FOR BARYONS.

Formulations of baryon-exchange-degenerate schemes incorporating $\mathrm{SU}(3)$ symmetry are presented. We discuss the relevance of the $\mathrm{SU}(3)$ solutions to the baryon spectrum and backward-scattering data and present a more empirical broken-$\mathrm{SU}(3)$ approach to reconcile the duality constraints with experiment.
Chemically resolved solid state NMR images of polymers

Polymers are generally spatially heterogeneous, either in terms of morphology or as blends of various components. Solid state NMR imaging provides a means of characterizing both the chemical/morphological composition and its spatial variation. Here we discuss multiple-pulse line-narrowing approaches to acquiring high resolution NMR images and how these sequences can be modified so as to be sensitive to the chemical composition of a sample.
Atomic-scale studies of impurities in superconductors with a scanning tunneling microscope

Imaging and spectroscopy with a cryogenic scanning tunneling microscope (STM) have been used to study the local variation of electronic states on the atomic scale in both low-Tc and high-Tc superconductors. These experiments provide an atomic-scale perspective of impurity scattering by directly probing the localized excitations that are induced by individual impurities.
Transcendental Meditation, Self/Actualization, and Global Personality

Summary The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), as a measure of global personality characteristics, and the Tennessee Self Concept Scale (TSC), as a measure of self-actualization, were administered to volunteers in an experimental group consisting of recovering alcoholics and of individuals with general emotional problems participating in a three-month program of Transcendental Meditation, and to a control group from the same population. In addition a TSC for each S was completed by a “significant other” (OTSC) designated by the S. Experimental and control groups were not significantly different on any of the pretest measures, and at posttesting no significant differences between the two groups were found. Reasons for failing to find a significant change in global personality or self-actualization due to the practice of Transcendental Meditation, and cautions in conducting this type of research, were discussed.
Persistence of the spacing effect in incidental free recall: The effect of external list comparisons and intertask correlations

The attenuation-of-attention explanation of the spacing effect was tested, using an incidental learning paradigm. The incidental task was one in which subjects rated each item on either one or two scales. When two scales were used, all repeated items (massed and distributed) were rated on both scales. In Experiment 1, each point on the rating scale was labeled with an exemplar, and subjects were asked to compare each list item with the given exemplars. In Experiment 2, the correlation between the two scales was systematically varied. Neither manipulation reduced the magnitude of the spacing effect.
Fourth ventricular choroid plexus papilloma

Dear Editors, A 19-year-old girl presented with headache and dizziness over a 6–month-period. The headaches were frontal and postoccipital with dull throbbing quality and she was taking over the counter pain medications. Her headaches did not occur with coughing or straining. She initially thought that this was related to her recent 90 lb weight loss since being on a diet and exercise. She also noted intermittent dizziness accompanied by gait difficulty and a generalized weakness. The week prior to the admission, she had a severe headache, nausea, dizziness, shortness of breath and diffuse weakness. Her physical examination was remarkable for slight bilateral dysmetria, occasional bilateral hypometric saccades, and nystagmus on end gaze. The T1-weighted MRI with gadolinium revealed a heterogeneously enhancing mass fungating into the fourth ventricle and an obstructive hydrocephalus (Fig. 1). The patient underwent surgical resection, and the pathology confirmed a diagnosis of choroid plexus papilloma. Choroid plexus papillomas, which account for about 0.3–0.7 of all intracranial tumors, are more commonly seen in the pediatric population. The most common reported locations are the lateral ventricles (50%), followed by the fourth (40%) and third ventricles (10%) [1–3]. Given their hypervascularity, they usually demonstrate an intense enhancement on postcontrast images [1, 2]. From histopathologic perspective, choroid plexus papillomas are the most common tumor type arising from choroid plexus. Other pathologies include choroid plexus carcinomas and diffuse choroid plexus hyperplasia. Surgical resection is the treatment of choice for choroid plexus papillomas and progression-free survival approaches 100% even despite an incomplete resection [4]. However, choroid plexus carcinomas, which account for about 8–25% of all choroid plexus tumors, have a strong tendency to spread along the cerebrospinal fluid pathway with a variable response to surgery and adjuvant therapy. Hence, it is important to differentiate benign choroid plexus papillomas from this type of tumors [5].