cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
OI-B-4

BACKGROUND/AIMS Anticholinergic (ACh) use is common among hospitalized elderly patients and is associated with increased length of stay (LOS). The purpose of this analysis was to further evaluate the relationship between ACh use and LOS in hospitalized elderly patients with and without dementia. METHODS This retrospective database analysis, from 42 U.S. hospitals participating in University HealthSystem Consortium's Clinical Database-Pharmacy, from Oct 2003 to Sept 2004, included patients who either did (n = 12,481) or did not (n = 210,103) have dementia. Multiple regression showed a significant association between LOS and patient severity, discharge status and use of an ACh drug in both groups. Secondary regression analyses were conducted using a continuous measure of ACh burden (calculated as a component of dose, potency, and days of therapy) for patients receiving ACh drugs in each group. Rate of delirium and ratio of observed LOS to expected LOS (from regression models not considering drug use) was compared in patients who did and did not receive ACh drugs for each group. RESULTS Increased ACh burden was associated with increased LOS in both groups. The rate of delirium and the LOSobs/LOSexp were significantly higher (p<0.05) in patients taking ACh drugs in both groups. CONCLUSIONS These findings add validity to the observed association between increased LOS and ACh drug use in hospitalized elderly patients. Increased attention to this issue is needed. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2005) 79, P3–P3; doi: 10.1016/j.clpt.2005.12.009
Temperature Effects on Mating, Sperm Transfer, Oviposition, and Egg Viability of Pink Bollworm

Constant temperatures between 32–35°C or higher and fluctuating temperatures with a mean of 32°C or higher generally resulted in reproductive failure of pink bollworms, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders), if the exposure occurred in the larval and pupal, pupal, or adult stages. This failure usually occurred because the male exposed to high temperature did not mate and/or effectively transfer sperm to the spermatheca of the female. Short exposures to high temperature in the late larval-early pupal stage caused mortality but had little effect on reproduction. Sperm was often found in the transferred spermatophores, an indication that death of the sperm, reduced sperm motility, or some other mechanism prevented movement of sperm to the spermatheca. Both eupyrene and apyrene sperm were affected. Females exposed to these temperatures had reduced egg laying and egg viability.
Obesity and Lymphovascular Invasion in Women with Uterine Endometrioid Carcinoma.

AIM Obesity is classically linked to type I endometrial cancer (EC). Lymphovascular invasion (LVI) is a well-known adverse prognostic factor in EC. In other disease sites, it has been reported that obesity and LVI are strongly associated. The objective of the present study was to investigate the association between obesity and LVI in women with EC. PATIENTS AND METHODS For this Institutional Review Board (IRB)-approved study, we reviewed our prospectively-maintained uterine cancer database of 1,950 patients with EC International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stages I-IV who underwent hysterectomy from 1/1988 through 12/2011. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to investigate the relationships between obesity, as measured by body mass index (BMI) at the time of hysterectomy and tumor features including LVI. RESULTS A total of 1,341 patients with uterine endometrioid carcinoma were identified. All patients underwent hysterectomy, and salpingoophrectomy with or without lymph node dissection. The median BMI for study patients was 34.3 (range=15.7-71.3) kg/m(2). 46.8% of the patients were morbidly obese. 625 patients (46.7%) were <60 years at diagnosis with a median BMI of 36.31 (range=19.7-69.8) kg/m(2) while the median BMI for women 61 years or older was 32.2 (15.7-71.3) kg/m(2) (p=0.002). In univariate analyses, high BMI was not significantly associated with LVI. In multivariate analyses, higher BMI was independently associated with younger age at diagnosis (odd ratio (OR)=0.97, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.96-9.97) and the presence of lower tumor FIGO grade (OR=0.98, 95% CI=0.97-0.99). CONCLUSION Increased BMI was significantly associated with lower tumor grade and younger patient age at diagnosis. Increased body mass index was not associated with LVI. The higher prevalence of obesity in young women with EC is alarming.
Characterization and quantification of a pharyngo-UES contractile reflex in cats

We characterized and quantified a reflex from the pharyngeal mucosa to the upper esophageal sphincter (UES). Seventeen cats were decerebrated, and the pharynx was exposed by opening the cricothyroid ligament. UES motor activity was assessed by recording electromyographic (EMG) activity from the pharyngeal constrictors, i.e., the thyropharyngeus (TP) and cricopharyngeus (CP). The pharyngeal mucosa was stimulated by touch or pressure. Both stimuli activated contraction of the CP primarily when applied to the naso-, laryngo-, or hypopharynx, but pressure was more effective. The anteromedial portion of the hypopharynx was the most sensitive zone, but there was no strong stimulus-response relationship. The reflex response to a 1-s stimulus occurred at a delay of 0.46 +/- 0.06 s and lasted 4.5 +/- 0.5 s. This pharyngo-UES reflex was blocked by anesthesia of the mucosa or transection of the glossopharyngeal or pharyngoesophageal nerves but not the vagus nerves. In contrast, the esophago-UES contractile reflex was not blocked by anesthesia of the pharyngeal mucosa or transection of the glossopharyngeal nerves but was blocked by transection of either the vagus or pharyngoesophageal nerves. We concluded that the pharyngo-UES contractile reflex was activated by pharyngeal mucosal mechanoreceptors whose afferent limb was the glossopharyngeal nerve and whose efferent limb was the pharyngoesophageal branch of the vagus nerve.
Single-egg Removal from an Artificial Nest by the Gray Catbird

Brood parasitic birds often remove an egg from host nests. At least one previous author interpreted single-egg removal from a nest as a sign of Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater) activity. Par- tial clutch reduction, however, cannot be taken as a clear indication of brood parasitic activity at natural or artificial nests because egg predators may also cause partial clutch reduction by pecking and removing some but not all eggs. Video-taping at an artificial nest bait- ed with plastic eggs showed that the Gray Catbird (Du- metella carolinensis), a known egg-predator, was re- sponsible for a single-egg removal event, even though it also pecked other eggs in the nest. Thus, partial clutch reduction in general, and single-egg removal in particular, cannot be interpreted as clear signs of either brood parasitism or egg predation. In addition, the use of plastic eggs, however convenient and realistic they may seem, is inappropriate to distinguish between the activities of brood parasites and egg predators. Re- ceived 9 Sept. /997, accepted 22 Jan. /998.
The Heil Hitler Brigade: Fascism, 1945–51

The Introduction argued that there is a growing trend for historians to understand fascism primarily as a series of ideas. What is important for such historians as Roger Griffin and Zeev Sternhell is neither the fascist movement, nor the nature of the fascist regime, but the way in which fascism is perceived to synthesise certain ideological positions, notably nationalism and socialism. Although this method is presented as a means to understand fascism as a general phenomenon, it has also been applied to particular fascist movements;1 therefore one way in which historians have interpreted the history of British fascism is as a contest between British fascists and British Nazis. Fascists are then described as fascists who believed in the overriding myth of the nation, while Nazis are defined as fascists who believed in the deciding importance of race.
The Nature of Compassion

This chapter provides the theoretical and historical foundation for examining the structures of compassion. It analyzes theories of compassion developed by Aristotle, Nussbaum, and Whitebrook that support approaching emotions as historically and culturally contingent constructions. Based on models developed by these scholars, compassion is defined here as the affective participation in another’s experience, registered through modifications in affect or perception or through acts to improve the condition of others, which may be exhibited through an encouraging word, a supporting action, or a caring gesture recognizing that other individuals are experiencing difficulty.
Craniofacial Secular Change in Recent Mexican Migrants

Research by economists suggests that recent Mexican migrants are better educated and have higher socioeconomic status (SES) than previous migrants. Because factors associated with higher SES and improved education can lead to positive secular changes in overall body form, secular changes in the craniofacial complex were analyzed within a recent migrant group from Mexico. The Mexican group represents individuals in the act of migration, not yet influenced by the American environment, and thus can serve as a starting point for future studies of secular change in this population group. The excavation of a historic Hispanic cemetery in Tucson, Arizona, also allows for a comparison between historic Hispanics and recent migrants to explore craniofacial trends over a broad time period, as both groups originate from Mexico. The present research addresses two main questions: (1) Are cranial secular changes evident in recent Mexican migrants? (2) Are historic Hispanics and recent Mexican migrants similar? By studying secular changes within a migrant population group, secular trends may be detected, which will be important for understanding the biological variation of the migrants themselves and will serve as a preliminary investigation of secular change within Mexican migrants. The comparison of a sample of recent Mexican migrants with a historic Hispanic sample, predominantly of Mexican origin, allows us to explore morphological similarities and differences between early and recent Mexicans within the United States. Vault and face size and a total of 82 craniofacial interlandmark distances were used to explore secular changes within the recent Mexican migrants (females, n = 38; males, n = 178) and to explore the morphological similarities between historic Hispanics (females, n = 54; males, n = 58) and recent migrants. Sexes were separated, and multivariate adaptive regression splines and basis splines (quadratic with one knot) were used to assess the direction and magnitude of secular trends for the recent Mexican migrants. Because dates of birth were unavailable for the historic sample, partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was used to evaluate morphological differences between historic and recent Mexican migrant samples. The data were separated into a training data set and a testing data set to ensure realistic results. Males had eight variables (four positive and four negative) and females had six variables (two positive and four negative) that demonstrated significant differences over time. In the PLS-DA, three components were identified as important in model creation and resulted in a classification accuracy of 87% when applied to a testing sample. The high classification accuracy demonstrates significant morphological differences between the two groups, with the historic Hispanic sample displaying overall larger craniofacial dimensions. While differences in cranial morphology are evident between historic Hispanics and recent Mexican migrants, relatively few positive and negative secular trends were detected within the recent migrant sample.
Polymorphisms of the CB2 Cannabinoid Receptor

Abstract This chapter focuses on functional and genetic association studies of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on human CB2 cannabinoid receptor (CNR2). A review of original papers, published in English and indexed in PubMed up to Jun., 2014, is discussed in this chapter. Nonsynonymous SNPs in CNR2 have been reported to cause changes of the responses of the CB2 to various cannabinoid ligands. In addition, nonsynonymous SNPs, synonymous SNPs, as well as SNPs in the noncoding region of CNR2 have been shown to be associated with a variety of diseases, including autoimmune diseases, liver diseases, osteoporosis, and disorders of central nervous system.
Comparative genomics of transport proteins in probiotic and pathogenic Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica strains

Escherichia coli is a genetically diverse species that can be pathogenic, probiotic, commensal, or a harmless laboratory strain. Pathogenic strains of E. coli cause urinary tract infections, diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis, and pyelonephritis, while the two known probiotic E. coli strains combat inflammatory bowel disease and play a role in immunomodulation. Salmonella enterica, a close relative of E. coli, includes two important pathogenic serovars, Typhi and Typhimurium, causing typhoid fever and enterocolitis in humans, respectively, with the latter strain also causing a lethal typhoid fever-like disease in mice. In this study, we identify the transport systems and their substrates within seven E. coli strains: two probiotic strains, two extracellular pathogens, two intracellular pathogens, and K-12, as well as the two intracellular pathogenic S. enterica strains noted above. Transport systems characteristic of each probiotic or pathogenic species were thus identified, and the tabulated results obtained with all of these strains were compared. We found that the probiotic and pathogenic strains generally contain more iron-siderophore and sugar transporters than E. coli K-12. Pathogens have increased numbers of pore-forming toxins, protein secretion systems, decarboxylation-driven Na+ exporters, electron flow-driven monovalent cation exporters, and putative transporters of unknown function compared to the probiotic strains. Both pathogens and probiotic strains encode metabolite transporters that reflect their intracellular versus extracellular environments. The results indicate that the probiotic strains live extracellularly. It seems that relatively few virulence factors can convert a beneficial or commensal microorganism into a pathogen. Taken together, the results reveal the distinguishing features of these strains and provide a starting point for future engineering of beneficial enteric bacteria.
The Ocular Trauma Patient Encounter

Approximately 2.4 million traumatic eye injuries occur annually in the United States with about 15% of these occurring in the workplace. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are vital in optimizing visual outcomes in patients sustaining traumatic ocular injuries. Immediate and appropriate intervention can reduce the loss of visual acuity and affect quality of life. Recent data shows a significant increased incidence of ocular trauma from motor vehicle accidents, air-bag deployment, assaults, falls, and from sports-related activities. The spectrum of ocular trauma can range from simple corneal abrasions to orbital fracture and ruptured globe.
In Vitro Cross-Resistance Profiles of Rilpivirine, Dapivirine, and MIV-150, Nonnucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor Microbicides in Clinical Development for the Prevention of HIV-1 Infection

Rilpivirine (RPV), dapivirine (DPV), and MIV-150 are in development as microbicides. It is not known whether they will block infection of circulating nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)-resistant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) variants. Here, we demonstrate that the activity of DPV and MIV-150 is compromised by many resistant viruses containing single or double substitutions. High DPV genital tract concentrations from DPV ring use may block replication of resistant viruses. However, MIV-150 genital tract concentrations may be insufficient to inhibit many resistant viruses, including those harboring K103N or Y181C.
Abstract IA03: Requirements for a statistical prediction model to receive AJCC endorsement

The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) has recognizes the need for more personalized predictions than those delivered by cancer staging systems. In particular, the use of accurate risk models or calculators is seen as valuable. However, judging the quality and acceptability of a risk model is difficult. The AJCC Precision Medicine Core formed a committee to establish inclusion and exclusion criteria necessary for a risk model to potentially be endorsed by the AJCC. They identified 13 inclusion and 3 exclusion criteria for AJCC risk model endorsement. The criteria centered on performance metrics, implementation clarity, and clinical relevance. These criteria will be described. Citation Format: Michael W. Kattan. Requirements for a statistical prediction model to receive AJCC endorsement. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Improving Cancer Risk Prediction for Prevention and Early Detection; Nov 16-19, 2016; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2017;26(5 Suppl):Abstract nr IA03.
Therapeutic Recreation Intervention: An Ecological Perspective. Roxanne Howe-Murphy and Becky G. Charboneau

(1987). Therapeutic Recreation Intervention: An Ecological Perspective. Roxanne Howe-Murphy and Becky G. Charboneau. Journal of Leisure Research: Vol. 19, No. 4, pp. 300-303.
Demographic variation in the injury patterns of adult cyclists admitted to a large US healthcare network: a five-year review

BackgroundDespite considerable health and environmental benefits, cycling is also associated with a risk of injury. Yet, variation in the patterns of cycling trauma which manifests by gender, age, ...
Product Management A New Skill for Reference Librarians

rhe broad range of offerings and the intense competition characteristic of today's mar ketplace present interesting chal lenges to the creators and providers of goods and services. Hammer and Champy said of service sector com merce, "consumers expect and demand more, because they know they can get more."1 The rapid advances in computing and tele communications, coupled with the far-reaching changes in work patterns in our society, have created a demand for services not only more rich in con tent but also more flexible in delivery. Retail customers, for example, expect to get their goods quickly and at their convenience. Generally, convenience is defined as being able to place orders for goods at any hour, on any day, using the desktop or telephone, and having the products delivered by overnight express to almost any loca tion. The success in this environment of firms such as Land's End, Mac Warehouse, and Amazon.com has fostered a heightened level of expec tation among consumers. This expectation generates pres sure on service-sector organizations (such as banks, information services, and libraries) to act with equal speed and flexibility. These organizations have reacted in many innovative ways, none more important than emphasizing customer support. An important aspect of customer sup port often involves product man agement. Product management could prove to be a new competen cy for academic reference librari ans/information specialists in the future, especially if they plan to be central to a university's priorities.
Psychotherapy and Human Change Processes

The patterns and parameters of human change processes remain one of the oldest and most intriguing themes of thoughtful inquiry. Our libraries are filled with an inseparable mixture of fictional and nonfictional expressions and analyses of change and stability in human lives. And throughout these writings are pervasive assumptions about human nature, epistemology, and certain tacit universals of experience and existence (Durant & Durant, 1970; Foucault, 1970; Friedman, 1967, 1974; Polanyi, 1966; Russell, 1945). The persistence of our quest for knowledge—and especially knowledge about ourselves—is probably a reflection of formidable inclinations toward both meaning and power. Francis Bacon observed that “knowledge is power.” The nature of that power was stated more explicitly in the ancient Chinese volume, the I Ching or Book of Changes (Wilhelm & Baynes, 1950, p. 243): If we know the laws of change, we can precalculate in regard to it, and freedom of action thereupon becomes possible.
Imaging the infrared multiphoton excitation and dissociation of propargyl chloride.

Infrared multiphoton excitation is combined with UV excitation and state-resolved probes of Cl(2P3/2), Cl*(2P1/2), and HCl to study the photochemistry of propargyl chloride. The results show evidence both of infrared multiphoton dissociation on the ground electronic state and infrared multiphoton excitation followed by UV dissociation. The results are interpreted with the aid of a full characterization of the stationary points on the ground state using ab initio methods, as well as our recent experimental and theoretical characterization of the UV photochemistry of the molecule. The data suggest elimination of HCl on the ground electronic state produces linear propadienylidene as a coproduct over a roaming-like transition state that accesses the Cl–H–C abstraction geometry. This identification is supported by separate chirped-pulse microwave studies in a quasi-uniform flow also reported here.
Identification of Portimine B, a New Cell Permeable Spiroimine That Induces Apoptosis in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Spiroimines are a class of compounds produced by marine dinoflagellates with a wide range of toxicity and therapeutic potential. The smallest of the cyclic imines, portimine, is far less toxic than...
Lattice models for non-Fermi liquids with tunable transport scalings

A variety of exotic non-Fermi liquid (NFL) states have been observed in many condensed matter systems, with different scaling relations between transport coefficients and temperature. The ``standard'' approach to studying these NFLs is by coupling a Fermi liquid to quantum critical fluctuations, which potentially can drive the system into a NFL. In this work we seek for an alternative understanding of these various NFLs in a unified framework. We first construct two ``elementary'' randomness-free models with four-fermion interactions only, whose many properties can be analyzed exactly in certain limit just like the Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model. The most important new feature of our models is that, the fermion scaling dimension in the conformal invariant solution in the infrared limit is tunable by charge density. Then based on these elementary models, we propose two versions of lattice models with four-fermion interactions which give us non-Fermi liquid behaviors with dc resistivity scaling $\ensuremath{\varrho}\ensuremath{\sim}{T}^{\ensuremath{\alpha}}$ in a finite-temperature window, and $\ensuremath{\alpha}\ensuremath{\in}[1,2)$ depends on the fermion density in the model, which is a rather universal feature observed in many experimental systems.
Medical foster home is less costly than traditional nursing home care.

Objective To compare the costs of Community Nursing Homes (CNHs) to Medical Foster Homes (MFHs) at Veteran Health Administration (VHA) Medical Centers that established MFH programs. Data sources Episode and costs data were derived from VA and Medicare files (inpatient, outpatient, emergency room, skilled nursing facility, dialysis, and hospice). Study design Propensity scores matched 354 MFH to 1693 CNH Veterans on demographics, clinical characteristics, health care utilization, and costs. Data extraction methods Data were retrieved for years 2010-2011 from the VA Corporate Data Warehouse, VA Health Data Repository, and the VA MFH Program through the VA Informatics and Computing Infrastructure (VINCI). Principal findings After matching on unique characteristics of MFH Veterans, costs were $71.28 less per day alive compared to CNH care. Home-based and mental health care costs increased with savings largely attributable to avoiding CNH residential care. When average out-of-pocket payments by Veterans of $74/day are considered, MFH is at least cost neutral. Mortality was 12 percent higher among matched Veterans in CNHs. Conclusions MFHs may serve as alternatives to traditional CNH care that do not increase total costs with mortality benefits. Future work should examine the differences for functional disability subgroups.
124I-MIBG PET/CT to Monitor Metastatic Disease in Children with Relapsed Neuroblastoma

The metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) scan is one of the most sensitive noninvasive lesion detection modalities for neuroblastoma. Unlike 123I-MIBG, 124I-MIBG allows high-resolution PET. We evaluated 124I-MIBG PET/CT for its diagnostic performance as directly compared with paired 123I-MIBG scans. Methods: Before 131I-MIBG therapy, standard 123I-MIBG imaging (5.2 MBq/kg) was performed on 7 patients, including whole-body (anterior–posterior) planar imaging, focused-field-of-view SPECT/CT, and whole-body 124I-MIBG PET/CT (1.05 MBq/kg). After therapy, 2 of 7 patients also completed 124I-MIBG PET/CT as well as paired 123I-MIBG planar imaging and SPECT/CT. One patient underwent 124I-MIBG PET/CT only after therapy. We evaluated all 8 patients who showed at least 1 123I-MIBG–positive lesion with a total of 10 scans. In 8 pairs, 123I-MIBG and 124I-MIBG were performed within 1 mo of each other. The locations of identified lesions, the number of total lesions, and the curie scores were recorded for the 123I-MIBG and 124I-MIBG scans. Finally, for 5 patients who completed at least 3 PET/CT scans after administration of 124I-MIBG, we estimated the effective dose of 124I-MIBG. Results:123I-MIBG whole-body planar scans, focused-field-of-view SPECT/CT scans, and whole-body 124I-MIBG PET scans found 25, 32, and 87 total lesions, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in lesion detection for 124I-MIBG PET/CT versus 123I-MIBG planar imaging (P
Practicing Media—Mediating Practice | News as Relational Social Practice: A Theoretical Framework

Most studies of news focus on production structures, texts, or audiences, often in isolation. But what might be the value of theorizing them together? A practice framework lends itself to this task. Both durable and contingent practices underlie news consumption and communication. These practices manifest in news content that expresses a dual-layered meaning system of enduring moral foundations and specific cultural codes. The problem-solving practices of news consumption and the goal-seeking practices of news communication intersect at the content of news, fomenting reciprocal relationships of mutual support and dependency between the two. This is news as relational social practice. Theorizing news as such provides a way of negotiating the dichotomies of durability/specificity, citizen/professional, and similarity/difference that currently structure the scholarship on news and social theory.
Operationalizing digital twins through model‐based systems engineering methods

In recent years there has been increased demand for readiness and availability metrics across many industries and especially in national defense to enable data‐driven decision making at all levels of planning, maintenance, and operations, and in leveraging integrated models that inform stakeholders of current operational system health and performance metrics. The digital twin (DT) has been identified as a promising approach for deploying these models to fielded systems although several challenges exist in wide adoption and implementation. Two challenges examined in this article are that the nature of DT development is a system‐specific endeavor, and the development is usually an additional effort that begins after initial system fielding. A fundamental challenge with DT development, which sets it apart from traditional models, is the DT itself is treated as a separate system, and therefore the physical asset/DT construct becomes a system‐of‐systems problem. This article explores how objectives in DT development align with those of model‐based systems engineering (MBSE), and how the MBSE process can answer questions necessary to define the DT. The key benefits to the approach are leveraging work already being performed during system synthesis and DT development is pushed earlier in a system's lifecycle. This article contributes to the definition and development processes for DTs by proposing a DT development model and path, a method for scoping and defining requirements for a DT, and an approach to integrate DT and system development. An example case study of a Naval unmanned system is presented to illustrate the contributions.
Wireless Qi-Powered, Multinodal and Multisensory Body Area Network for Mobile Health

Wireless, battery-free body area networks (BANs) enable reliable long-term health monitoring with minimal intervention, and have the potential to transform patient care via mobile health monitoring. Current approaches for achieving such battery-free networks are limited in the number, capability, and positioning of sensing nodes–this is related to constraints in power supply, data rate, and working distance requirements between the wireless power source and sensing nodes. Here, we investigate a Qi-based, near-field power transfer scheme that can effectively drive wireless, battery-free, multinode, and multisensor BAN over long distances. This consists of a single Qi power source (such as a cellphone), a detached/untethered passive intermediate relay (PIR) (facilitates power transfer from a central Qi source to multiple nodes on the body), and finally individual/detached sensing nodes placed throughout the body. Alongside this power scheme, we implement the star network topology of a Gazell protocol to enable the continuous connection of one host to many sensing nodes while minimizing data loss over long temporal periods. The high-power transmission capabilities of Qi enable wireless support for a multitude of sensors (up to 12), and sensing nodes (up to 6) with a single transmitter at long distances (60 cm) and a sample rate of 20 Hz. This scheme is studied both in-vitro and in-vivo on the body.
Bisphosphonates inhibit osteopontin induced prostate cancer cell motility by attenuating MMP-9 activity

3290 Osteopontin (OPN) has been identified to have a role in the determination of osteotropism and growth of prostate cancer cells. In osteoclasts, we have demonstrated that binding of OPN to αvβ3 initiates intracellular signals required for the surface expression of the receptor CD44. In order to study the regulatory role of OPN/αvβ3 signaling in prostate cancer, we have generated prostate cancer (PC3) cell lines genetically engineered for OPN expression. Stable PC3 cell lines over expressing OPN, mutant OPN (RGD→RGA) as well as OPN null PC3 cells using siRNA constructs to OPN were generated. Surface expression of CD44 by biotinylation and MMP-9 activity in the conditioned media was determined by zymogram analyses. An increase in CD44 surface expression as well as MMP 9 activity in the conditioned medium was observed in PC3/OPN cells as compared with PC3 cells. A decrease in MMP-9 activity as well as CD44 surface expression below the control level (PC3) was observed in PC3/OPN (RGD→RGA) or OPN-SiRNA transfected PC3 cells. OPN overexpression also seems to cause cytoskeletal changes by increasing co-localization of MMP-9 with actin. .OPN over expression significantly increases cell migration. In PC3/OPN (RGD→RGA) cells, the migration was found to be comparable to PC3 cells. Bisphosphonates have already been shown to be an effective inhibitor of osteoclast activation and function. Addition of alendronate or pamindronate to PC3 cells reduced the surface expression of CD44 as well as MMP-9 activity in the conditioned medium of PC3 cell lines in a time and dose-dependent manner. Immunostaining analysis with antibodies to MMP-9 and CD44 in non-permeablized PC3 cell lines or osteoclasts demonstrated a significant inhibition of surface colocalization of MMP-9 and CD44 by bisphosphonates treatment. Bisphosphonates also reduced the migration of PC3 cells in the wound closure assay. Our findings suggest that bisphosphonates down regulates MMP- 9 secretion and CD44 surface expression in both osteoclasts and prostate cancer cells contributing to possible reduction in invasive nature of prostate cancer cells and decreased bone resorption potential of osteoclasts. (Supported by NIH-NIAMS; AR46292 to MAC)
A Parallel Processing Algorithm for Signal Detection

The bootstrap error-adjusted single sample technique (BEST) is shown to perform better than the Mahalanobis distance metric in discriminant analysis of spectra in this paper. The BEST algorithm is designed for high-speed parallel-processing computers like the HP Superdome, but it is also shown to operate efficiently on single processors. Using hypothetical multivariate data from a known distribution, the bias and RSD of the BEST and Mahalanobis metrics were compared as a function of the number of dimensions in hyperspace (frequencies monitored) and the number of training samples in the calibration spectral data set. The BEST metric (which is ) is calculated more rapidly and more precisely than the Mahalanobis metric (which is ) when full microwave spectra are employed. Implementing the algorithm in a hash function should result in additional improvements in execution speed.
The Atacama Desert: a window into late Mars surface habitability?

Abstract Mars was capable of sustaining life in the Noachian and Hesperian periods (>3 billion years ago). But habitability progressively deteriorated thereafter, and a lasting trend of climate change has made the surface of the planet uninhabitable at present times. One of the outstanding enigmas in Mars exploration is when was the last time that the surface of the planet could have sustained life. We address this question through comparisons with one of the driest regions on Earth, the Atacama Desert in northern Chile. We base our analysis on the ecological successions observed along a steep latitudinal rainfall gradient. We posit that these ecological successions represent a model for the adaptation of an early Martian biosphere to increasing dryness throughout the planet’s geologic history, offering clues to the location and timing of the last surface habitats. These might, in turn, be the best sites near the surface to search for evidence of life.
Intracranial stab wound in a dog

Sharp force wounds are not an uncommon cause of death in animal abuse cases. The reported case is of an adult dog that was stabbed in the head and had evidence of blunt force trauma. The stab wound was small and circular. The findings strongly support the use of an ice pick to cause the injury and support the need to be aware of unusual causes of sharp force trauma.
Meniscus Guided Coating and Evaporative Crystallization of UiO-66 Metal Organic Framework Thin Films

Thin-film fabrication of metal organic frameworks (MOFs) has been explored for a range of applications, including separations, catalysis, sensing, and charge transport. However, many fabrication te...
Reconciling privacy policies and regulations: ontological semantics perspective

How well the privacy policy follows a regulation is one of the current concerns of the user. Such a task can be accomplished by directly querying the policy statement with the regulation text. Automation of the process requires an expressive meaning-based framework for Natural Language Processing (NLP). This paper discusses the Ontological Semantics approach to the issue of verifying compliance and illustrates the potential of utilizing the framework in the domain of Privacy management for NLP-related tasks. As an example a section from BCBS and corresponding HIPAA regulations are used.
Sensitivity of the luminol test with blue denim.

Abstract: An article appearing in this journal in 2000 suggested that the sensitivity of the luminol test performed on denim fabric is usually no greater than at a 1:100 dilution of blood. This study shows that the luminol test may be unambiguously interpreted at substantially greater dilutions of blood. In this study, four different types of denim were tested by spraying a swatch of fabric with a typical formulation of the luminol reagent. Testing was conducted of dilutions of blood up to 1:1000, all of which showed distinct chemiluminescence. Diluted blood was applied to denim material in the form of a random number. A successful test was obtained only when a “blind” observer, i.e., an observer who was uninformed of the number, correctly reported the number.
The Possibilities of American Constitutional Law in a Fractured World: A Relational Approach to Legal Hermeneutics

Instead of joining those who resist the work of the critical scholars as a threat to the conventional understanding of law, or those who have abandoned the task of constructive theory, this article takes the deconstructive critique of law as an opportunity to move “beyond the impasse” in contemporary American constitutional theory and offer a relational hermeneutic for the practice of interpretive argument in American constitutional law. The author offers a constructive theory of constitutional interpretation that is relational in character by drawing on the efforts of those scholars who have employed process thought in an effort to develop an understanding of hermeneutics.
Nerve growth factor rapidly prolongs the action potential of mature sensory ganglion neurons in culture, and this effect requires activation of Gs-coupled excitatory kappa-opioid receptors on these cells

Application of low concentrations (pM-nM) of NGF to mouse dorsal root ganglion (DRG)-spinal cord explants in long-term organotypic cultures rapidly prolongs the duration of the Ca(2+)-dependent component of the action potential (APD) in a major subset of DRG neurons that were previously shown to have characteristic responsiveness to exogenous opioids. These NGF-elicited excitatory modulating effects are blocked by pretreatment of the DRG neurons with monoclonal antibodies to rodent NGF receptors. NGF-induced APD prolongation is also prevented by the opioid receptor antagonist naloxone and the specific kappa-opioid antagonist nor-binaltorphimine (but not by specific mu- and delta- opioid antagonists). The results suggest that NGF stimulates the release of endogenous opioids (e.g., dynorphin) from DRG neurons and that prolongation of the APD occurs secondarily by activation of excitatory kappa-opioid receptor functions on these same or nearby cells. NGF-induced release of small quantities of opioids by DRG neurons would be expected to prolong the APD in view of the remarkable sensitivity of these neurons to the excitatory effects of extremely low (fM-nM) concentrations of exogenous opioid agonists. NGF-induced APD prolongation is blocked by the same cholera toxin A or B subunit treatments previously shown to block Gs coupling and GM1 ganglioside regulation of excitatory opioid receptors, respectively. These in vitro studies suggest that excitatory opioid receptor-mediated functions may play a role in mediating some types of rapid NGF-induced hyperalgesic and other physiologic effects on the nervous system.
Lightest isotope of Bh produced via the 209Bi(52Cr,n)260Bh reaction.

Lightest Isotope of Bh Produced Via the 209 Bi( 52 Cr,n) 260 Bh Reaction S. L. Nelson, 1,2 K. E. Gregorich, 1 I. Dragojevic, 1,2 M. A. Garcia, 1,2 J. M. Gates, 1,2 R. Sudowe, 1§ H. Nitsche 1,2 Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720 Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 ABSTRACT The lightest isotope of Bh known was produced in the new 209 Bi( 52 Cr,n ) 260 Bh reaction at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory’s 88-Inch Cyclotron. Positive identification was made by observation of eight correlated alpha particle decay chains in the focal plane detector of the Berkeley Gas-Filled Separator. Bh decays with a 35 + 19 ms half-life by alpha particle emission mainly by a group at 10.16 MeV. The measured cross section of 59 + 29 pb is approximately a factor of four larger than compared to recent model predictions. The influence of the N = 152 and Z = 108 shells on alpha decay properties are discussed. PACS numbers: 27.90. +b, 23.60. +e, 25.70.Gh Present address: University of Nevada Las Vegas, Dept. of Health Physics, 4505 Maryland Parkway, Campus Box 453037, Las Vegas, NV 89154-3037
Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management of Pulmonary Hypertension in Infants and Children:

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) may occur as a primary process or as a complication of several diseases. In the pediatric population, PH secondary to congenital heart disease, chronic hypoxemia, or acute respiratory failure is more common than primary PH. Regardless of etiology, PH may lead to significant morbidity or mortality as a consequence of right-to-left shunting across cardiovascular channels or right heart failure. In this review, PH is defined in terms of the determinants of pulmonary blood flow: pulmonary artery pressure, downstream pressure, and pulmonary vascular resistance. Research addressing both normal developmental changes in pulmonary vascular resistance and abnormal pulmonary vascular reactivity is then reviewed, followed by a discussion of the etiologies of PH in children. Some of the more common clinical presentations of PH are presented focussing on the differences seen between patients with and without intracardiac communications. Assessment of the severity of PH using both noninvasive...
ABNORMAL ELECTROLYTE COMPOSITION OF SWEAT IN CYSTIC FIBROSIS OF THE PANCREAS Clinical Significance and Relationship to the Disease

The electrolyte composition of sweat secreted in response to a standard mild thermal stimulus was found to be abnormal in 43 patients with cystic fibrosis of the pancreas. Sodium and chloride concentrations in sweat were 2 to 4 times as high as those found in 50 patients with a variety of other diseases. Sweat potassium levels were also increased in cystic fibrosis of the pancreas although not to the same extent. In contrast, the amount of sweat was not significantly different in patients with fibrocystic disease of the pancreas and control patients. It was shown that pancreatic deficiency, chronic pulmonary disease and the administration of certain drugs do not per se affect the electrolyte composition of sweat. It was also demonstrated by metabolic studies that disturbances in renal and adrenal function are not responsible for the high sweat chloride and sodium in fibrocystic disease. The dissociation between increased electrolytes in the sweat and their very low levels in the urine during salt restriction are unique to this condition. The fact that the sweat glands do not retain salt effectively in hot weather, during salt restriction or when DCA is administered, points to a disturbance in the sweat glands themselves. This abnormality may not be pathognomonic of cystic fibrosis of the pancreas, but it is an expected finding. These disturbances in sweat composition together with preliminary observations of abnormal salivary gland secretion suggest that the secretory activity of many and perhaps all exocrine glands is affected in cystic fibrosis of the pancreas. The term "mucoviscidosis" does not seem justified in view of the fact that at least two nonmucus-secreting structures are affected in this condition. Massive salt loss through sweating in hot weather accounts satisfactorily for the "heat casualties" in cystic fibrosis of the pancreas. The mechanisms are discussed and it is emphasized that the symptoms are initiated by pure salt loss and the consequent reduction in extracellular fluid volume. Since the condition may, if not treated, lead to fatal cardiovascular collapse, it should be regarded as an acute medical emergency. Under the usual circumstances, serum electrolyte concentrations are normal in fibrocystic disease of the pancreas. In the presence of marked pulmonary dysfunction in this disease, the bicarbonate of the plasma is elevated and the chloride reduced in compensation. It is therefore necessary to demonstrate a lowered serum sodium as well as chloride to detect the massive salt loss which may occur in hot weather.
The impact of critical care pharmacists on enhancing patient outcomes

The highly specialized knowledge and skills needed to care for critically ill patients requires a multidisciplinary team approach. Pharmacists are integral members of this team. They make valuable contributions to improve clinical, economic, and humanistic outcomes of patients. The purpose of this article is to review the literature pertaining to pharmacists' contributions within a multidisciplinary intensivist-led intensive care unit (ICU) team. Pharmacist interventions include correcting/clarifying orders, providing drug information, suggesting alternative therapies, identifying drug interactions, and therapeutic drug monitoring. Pharmacist involvement in improving clinical outcomes of critically ill patients is associated with optimal fluid management and substantial reductions in the rates of adverse drug events, medication administration errors, and ventilator-associated pneumonia. Furthermore, economic evaluations of clinical pharmacy services in the ICU consistently reveal the potential for considerable cost savings.
Human action segmentation with hierarchical supervoxel consistency

Detailed analysis of human action, such as action classification, detection and localization has received increasing attention from the community; datasets like JHMDB have made it plausible to conduct studies analyzing the impact that such deeper information has on the greater action understanding problem. However, detailed automatic segmentation of human action has comparatively been unexplored. In this paper, we take a step in that direction and propose a hierarchical MRF model to bridge low-level video fragments with high-level human motion and appearance; novel higher-order potentials connect different levels of the supervoxel hierarchy to enforce the consistency of the human segmentation by pulling from different segment-scales. Our single layer model significantly outperforms the current state-of-the-art on actionness, and our full model improves upon the single layer baselines in action segmentation.
Composite filters for inverse synthetic aperture radar classification of small ships

Pattern recognition of small ship inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) images is considered. This represents a formidable new distortion-invariant pattern recognition problem. New weighted correlation range alignment and weighted multiple-scatterer motion compensation variations to standard image formation steps were developed and used. A new algorithm to determine if an input image is useful was developed and found to be necessary for small ship ISAR data. Initial recognition results using distortion-invariant (composite) filters are presented. These provide new concepts including: use of a validation set and a goodness measure to select filter parameters, use of new output criteria for which a filter in a bank of filters is best for class determination, rejection of decisions on some poor test input images, and use of voting over a time sequence of test inputs.
Showing by Avowing

Dorit Bar-On aims to account for the distinctive security of avowals by appealing to expression. She officially commits herself only to a negative characterization of expression, contending that expressive behavior is not epistemically based in self-judgments. I argue that her account of avowals, if it relies exclusively on this negative account of expression, can't achieve the explanatory depth she claims for it. Bar-On does explore the possibility that expression is a kind of perception-enabling showing. If she endorsed this positive account, her argument would re-gain an explanatory advantage over its rivals. But extending this account to linguistic expressive behavior would bring Bar-On very close to constitutive accounts of first-person authority.