cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
RFDump: an architecture for monitoring the wireless ether

Networking researchers have been using tools like wireshark and tcpdump to sniff packets on physical links that use different types of datalink protocols, e.g. Ethernet or 802.11, allowing them to monitor higher level protocols sharing these links. However, monitoring wireless links is more challenging, since the transmission medium is shared by flows using diverse datalink protocols (e.g. 802.11, Bluetooth) and physical layer schemes (e.g. QPSK and GFSK). To this end, we propose RFDump, a software architecture for monitoring packets on heterogeneous wireless networks. The key idea underlying our architecture is the use of a fast detection stage which can tentatively map signals to protocols very efficiently. As a result, RFDump can scale up to a modest number (5-10) of wireless technologies.We implemented RFDump on the GNU Radio and USRP platforms. This is, to our knowledge, the first inexpensive software-based infrastructure for simultaneously analyzing multiple wireless protocols in real-time. Using traces from the real world and from a wireless emulator testbed, we show that our implementation is efficient and accurate. Further, we demonstrate that our system is extensible and scales with the addition of new protocols.
Probing Nucleocytoplasmic Transport with Fluorescence Fluctuation Spectroscopy and Two-photon Activation of Photoactivable GFP

Large proteins and macromolecular complexes have to enter and leave the nucleus in an efficient and selective manner. Macromolecules that are greater than 40 kD are transported actively across the nuclear envelope through nuclear pore complexes using soluble transport factors or carrier molecules that cycle between the cytoplasm and nucleus. The carrier proteins themselves interact with each other in order to transport cargo proteins across the nuclear pore complexes. In this work, we apply dual-color time-integrated fluorescence cumulant analysis (TIFCA), a fluorescence fluctuation spectroscopy technique, to investigate the protein interactions of the carrier proteins directly in cells. In addition, we apply two-photon activation to directly examine the nucleocytoplasmic transport of photoactivable GFP tagged carrier proteins. With these two approaches, we are able to probe the nucleocytoplasmic transport process of NTF2 directly inside cells and under equilibrium conditions. We investigate the oligomerization of NTF2 in cells and its transport properties when crossing the nuclear pore complexes.The experiments identify the presence of NTF2 dimers in the cytoplasm and nucleus of cells, while the measured transport properties across the nuclear pore complex are not consistent with dimeric NTF2. We will discuss the implications of these results for functions of nuclear envelope and models of nucleocytoplasmic transport. This work is supported by the National Science Foundation (PHY-0346782) and NIH grant R01GM064589.
Case of posttraumatic streptococcic meningitis successfully treated with sulfanilamide

Abstract 1.1. A patient with a skull fracture complicated by delirium tremens and streptococcic meningitis was treated successfully with prontosil soluble. 2.2. To the author's knowledge, this is the first case of post-traumatic streptococcic meningitis successfully treated with sulfanilamide. 3.3. It is urged that the drug be used promptly in cases of post-traumatic streptococcic meningitis. 4.4. A suggestion is made to test the prophylactic value of the drug in skull fractures after the presence of streptococci has been demonstrated.
Comparison of the Prognostic Value of Peak Creatine Kinase‐MB and Troponin Levels Among Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Report from the Acute Coronary Treatment and Intervention Outcomes Network Registry–Get With The Guidelines

Background: Although peak creatine kinase-myocardial band (CK-MB) and troponin levels have been correlated with mortality among patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), the independent prognostic implications of these markers have not been compared. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that in patients with AMI, peak troponin levels (as compared to peak CK-MB levels) would have greater prognostic value. Methods: We examined AMI patients in the National Cardiovascular Data Registry ACTION Registry–GWTG (Acute Coronary Treatment and Intervention Outcomes Network Registry–Get With The Guidelines) with CK-MB and troponin I levels recorded, excluding patients who were transferred in or out. Peak marker levels, standardized by the local laboratory upper limit of normal and assay standard deviation, were fitted into the previously validated ACTION Registry–GWTG mortality model to compare prognostic value. Results: Between January 2007 and March 2009, 16 009 ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and 26854 non–ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) patients were identified. Peak marker ratios were directly associated with in-hospital mortality in both STEMI and NSTEMI patients. Peak CK-MB had slightly greater discrimination compared with peak troponin I in predicting mortality in both STEMI (model C-statistic 0.881 vs 0.877, P = 0.011) and NSTEMI (C-statistic 0.831 vs 0.824, P = 0.001) patients. Conclusions: Both peak CK-MB and peak troponin I levels are independently associated with in-hospital mortality in this large contemporary database of AMI patients treated in routine practice. Peak marker values slightly improved model performance in prognosticating in-hospital mortality; the incremental value was higher with CK-MB than with troponin I. These findings may help to guide future risk stratification algorithms and contribute to more efficient use of serial cardiac marker measurements in clinical practice. Clin. Cardiol. 2011 DOI: 10.1002/clc.21980 This project was supported by grant number U18HS016964 from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the AHRQ. The funding source had no role in the design or implementation of the study, or in the decision to seek publication. The authors have no other funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose.
Identification of Organic Nitrates in the NO3 Radical Initiated Oxidation of α-Pinene by Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry

The gas-phase reactions of nitrate radicals (NO3) with biogenic organic compounds are a major sink for these organics during night-time. These reactions form secondary organic aerosols, including organic nitrates that can undergo long-range transport, releasing NOx downwind. We report here studies of the reaction of NO3 with α-pinene at 1 atm in dry synthetic air (relative humidity ∼3%) and at 298 K using atmospheric pressure chemical ionization triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (APCI-MS) to identify gaseous and particulate products. The emphasis is on the identification of individual organic nitrates in the particle phase that were obtained by passing the product mixture through a denuder to remove gas-phase reactants and products prior to entering the source region of the mass spectrometer. Filter extracts were also analyzed by GC-MS and by APCI time-of-flight mass spectrometry (APCI-ToF-MS) with methanol as the proton source. In addition to pinonaldehyde and pinonic acid, five organic nitrates were i...
Relationship of Walleye Fingerling Density and Electrofishing Catch Per Effort in Northern Wisconsin Lakes

Abstract Investigations conducted on 13 northern Wisconsin lakes over a 7-year period revealed a significant positive linear relationship between walleye (Stizostedion vitreum vitreum) fingerling catch per effort by electrofishing and fingerling density (both in number per acre and number per mile of shoreline). The best formula for describing fingerling density (number per acre) was: Y = 0.234X, where Y = fingerling density and X = fingerling catch per mile of shoreline (catch per effort) with an electroshocker. Electrofishing efficiency was negatively correlated with lake surface area and shoreline length. Efficiency was not related to conductivity, shoreline development factor, fingerling CPE, or fingerling density. The mean total length of native walleye fingerlings was not related to fingerling density or lake conductivity.
National health surveillance of adults with disabilities, adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities, and adults with no disabilities.

Abstract Background People with disabilities experience worse health and poorer access to health care compared to people without disability. Large-scale health surveillance efforts have largely excluded adults with intellectual and developmental disability. This study expands knowledge of health status, health risks and preventative health care in a representative US sample comparing the health of adults with no disability to adults with intellectual and developmental disability and to adults with other types of disability. Objectives The purposes of this study were (1) to identify disparities between adults with intellectual and developmental disability and adults with no disability and (2) compare this pattern of disparities to the pattern between adults with other types of disability and adults without disability. Methods This study compares health status, health risks and preventative health care in a national sample across three groups of adults: No Disability, Disability, and Intellectual and Developmental Disability. Data sources were the 2010 Behavior Risk Factor Surveillance Survey and the National Core Indicators Consumer Survey. Results Adults with disability and with intellectual and developmental disability were more likely to report being in poor health compared to adults without disability. Disability and intellectual and developmental disability conferred unique health risks and health care utilization patterns. Conclusions Significant disparities in health and health care utilization were found for adults with disability and developmental disability relative to adults without disability. Disability training for health care providers and health promotion research that identifies disability as a demographic group is needed.
Gidget: An online debugging game for learning and engagement in computing education

As interest in acquiring programming skills continue to increase, many are turning to discretionary online resources to learn programming. However, researchers and educators need more data to better understand who these learners are and what their needs are to create useful and sustainable learning technologies to support them. In my work, I investigate the factors that make a learning game engaging for users, and examine if playing through the game shows measurable learning outcomes. The game will be released the public, giving us the opportunity to collect large amounts of data. This data can be shared with other researchers to improve discretionary online tools such as educational games to support large-scale computing education efforts designed for a wide-range of users.
Non-intrusive parameter estimation for single-phase induction motors using transient data

This paper presents the parameter estimation problem for single-phase induction motors (SPIMs) using start-up transient voltage and current measurements available at the motor terminals. This non-instrusive estimation approach relies on a dynamic state-space representation for modeling the SPIM transients, which is augmented by the parameters of interest assumed to be constant quantities during start-up. Extended Kaiman Filtering can be then adopted to estimate the parameter states from the input voltage and output current measurements, by linearizing the state equations of the augmented system. The proposed method has been tested on a realistic SPIM model via numerical simulations. The results demonstrate its effectiveness in estimating those parameters that are more significant for SPIM transient analysis.
Inert failure strain studies of sodium silicate glass fibers

Abstract The inert failure strains of glass fibers with the molar compositions x Na 2 O · (1 − x )SiO 2 , where 0 ⩽ x ⩽ 0.35, were measured under liquid nitrogen (77 K) using a two-point bending technique. Failure strain increases with increasing Na 2 O content, from 17.7% for x = 0.00–23.5% for x = 0.35. The inert failure strain depends on the face-plate velocity ( V fp ) of the two-point bending test, increasing with increasing V fp for silica and decreasing with increasing V fp for the sodium silicate glasses. The magnitude of the latter ‘inert delayed failure effect’ increases with increasing x . The addition of Na 2 O to a silicate glass weakens the glass network through the formation of non-bridging oxygens, and the weaker network distorts more at high strains and slower V fp .
On modeling interchannel dependency for color image denoising

In this article, we study the modeling of interchannel dependency and its application into removing additive noise from corrupted color images. We start from an ad hoc spatially invariant linear interpolative model for characterizing color-difference and demonstrate how it can be jointly used with a variational intrachannel dependency model to suppress noise by alternating projections. Then we present two nonlinear diffusion-based models in the color-difference domain and suggest their spatial adaptation property better matches the class of images with strong chromatic edges. The diversity of interchannel dependency models also motivates us to fuse multiple denoised images from different models to obtain better denoised results. Experimental results are reported to justify the importance of matching the hypothesized dependency model with observation data as well as the benefit of multihypothesis fusion. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 17, 163–173, 2007
Wave-Exciting Forces and Moments on an Ocean Platform

The authors describe a new method of predicting the wave-exciting forces and moments acting on an ocean platform restrained in oblique seas. Procedures are based on strip theory. A two-dimensional method is extended to the calculation of wave forces and moments, and the strip method is applied to obtain three-dimensional forces and moments. Theory and experiment are generally in good agreement.
Naturally occurring mutation, Asp70his, in human butyrylcholinesterase.

Background: People with genetic variants of butyrylcholinesterase can have hours of prolonged apnoea after a normal dose of succinylcholine or mivacurium. Methods Serum samples from 308 persons living in mid-USA were phenotyped to identify the atypical and fluoride variants. 308 samples were analysed for the K variant by DNA amplification, digestion with Mae III and gel electrophoresis. Amplified DNA from 16 samples was sequenced to identify the D70G, T243M and D70H mutations. Values for kcat and Km were determined for the D70H mutant BChE expressed in 293T cells. Results: A new mutation, Asp70His, was identified. This mutation is located in the peripheral anionic site of butyrylcholinesterase, where it causes a 10-fold decrease in binding affinity for positively charged substrates. Conclusion: People homozygous for the Asp70His mutation are expected to have prolonged apnoea in response to succinylcholine or mivacurium, similar to people with the Asp70Gly mutation.
Policy and the British voter: Council housing, social change, and party preference in the 1980s

Abstract The 1980s saw a dramatic effort on the part of the Thatcher government in Britain to create a new Conservative electorate. Several policies, including Right to Buy—the sale of council housing to residents—were aimed at giving workers and swing voters a material stake in an anti-socialist capitalist system and therefore a reason to support the Conservative Party. This analysis finds the council house sales policy was a success, even when controlling for other changes in Britain's socio-economic structure during the period. The aggregate-level electoral impact of the sales program is larger than that found using survey data, and was enough to ensure the Conservative victory in 1992.
On connectivity of Airborne Networks in presence of region-based faults

The U.S. Air Force is currently in the process of building an Airborne Network (AN), where the nodes are a set of heterogeneous, highly mobile, Airborne Networking Platforms (ANPs) - such as satellites, airplanes and unmanned aerial vehicles. Mobility pattern of nodes in a mobile network has significant impact on the coverage and connectivity properties of the network. The level of reliability needed for continuous operation of an AN may be difficult to achieve through a completely infrastructure-less mobile ad hoc networks. In an earlier paper, we proposed an architecture for an AN where a set of ANPs form the backbone of the AN. In this architecture, the ANPs may be viewed as mobile base stations with predictable and well-structured flight paths and the combat aircrafts on a mission as mobile clients. In this paper we consider the AN scenario where a part of the network might not be operational due to enemy attack and/or jamming. We consider faults that are spatially correlated (or region-based), that is faults due to an enemy attack are confined to a region. The goal is to design a robust AN so that no matter which region in the deployment area fails and at what time, the surviving nodes of the network will remain connected and be able to communicate with each other. We propose an algorithm that finds the minimum transmission range necessary to ensure network connectivity irrespective of location of the fault region and the time of the failure.
EXTERNALLY RECHARGEABLE CARDIAC PACEMAKER.

otally implantable cardiac pacemakers currently available are powered by self-contained mercury batteries having a relatively T short life. T h e estimated period of useful function is not inore than five years, and experience has shown that actual lifetime may be much less than this [3, 7, 151. This means at least another operative procedure to replace the battery, with the attendant risk of infection and, probably, recurrent cardiac arrhythmia such as heart block or tachycardia. Older patients can therefore anticipate several replacements, and the child with surgically produced heart block could expect more than ten replacements in the course of a normal human life span. With the intent of extending the period between required replacements or of completely eliminating the necessity of replacement, an experimental model of a constant-rate pacemaker using rechargeable nickel-cadmium batteries has been developed. This type of battery can be completely sealed with no danger of leakage and may be repeatedly recharged without damage. Power to recharge the batteries is supplied by induction from an externally produced magnetic field. This magnetic field can pass through tissue and clothing unattenuated [ l , 81. This principle was used earlier by Elmqvist and Senning in 1959 to construct a rechargeable unit [5] but problems arose in its clinical application [ l l , 121. Current technology and improved methods of pacemaker manufacture may now overcome the obstacles encountered previously. T h e pacemaker package contains the additional circuitry necessary to convert the magnetic field into useful charging current and to give
Genetic and Immunologic Aspects of Cystic Fibrosis

Learning objectives Reading this article will enable the readers to reinforce their knowledge of the pathophysiology of cystic fibrosis (CF), the pathogenesis of the lung disease, the criteria for diagnosis, and CF genotype/phenotype relationships. The focus of this review is on the genetic and immunologic aspects of CF. Data source Relevant articles, current texts, data presented at the annual North American Cystic Fibrosis Conferences and distributed to the Directors of CF Centers by the CF Foundation were reviewed. A MEDLINE database using subject key words was searched from 1987 to date. Background information derived from the authors' 33 years of clinical experience at three of the CF Foundation's CF Care, Teaching and Resource Centers was also included. Study selection Since CF is an inherited disorder, the genetic aspects are emphasized. With the cloning of the CF gene, DNA analysis has assumed an important role in confirming the clinical diagnosis and in the improved understanding of the pathophysiology of this disorder. Although DNA testing is highly specific, it is not very sensitive. Results Cystic fibrosis gene structure and function are described briefly. The pathophysiology of CF, as it relates to the CF gene defect, and the current knowledge of the pathogenesis of the lung disease are reviewed. The criteria for the diagnosis proposed by the Clinical Practice Guidelines for CF are discussed. Problems of establishing the diagnosis and the importance of correlations of laboratory and clinical findings in CF are emphasized. Conclusions As a multisystem disorder, CF can masquerade as other disorders, including allergic respiratory disease. Primary care physicians often refer patients to allergists/immunologists because of recurrent respiratory problems. This review discusses the genetic heterogeneity of CF.
Emergency physician point-of-care ultrasound in the diagnosis of sialolithiasis

Sialolithiasis is a relatively common diagnosis, with an uncertain etiology, that must be considered in patients presenting with a neck mass. Traditionally, invasive sialography was used to detect salivary stones. Currently, computed tomography has been the test of choice. Ultrasound presents an alternative, rapid, and safe imaging modality for the diagnosis of sialolithiasis. We report a case of sialolithiasis diagnosed by emergency physicians using point-of-care ultrasonography.
Self-esteem as a mediator of the relationship between role functioning and symptoms for individuals with severe mental illness: a prospective analysis of Modified Labeling theory.

Abstract Background Despite a growing body of evidence supporting the efficacy of psychosocial rehabilitation for individuals with severe mental illness (SMI), a large proportion of these individuals remain unable to maintain basic social roles such as employee, parent, or spouse. This study investigated whether changes in role functioning over time impact symptom severity indirectly through the mechanism of changes in self-esteem as posited by Modified Labeling theory. Methods The study sample was composed of 148 individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, bipolar disorder with psychotic features, and major depression with psychotic features who elected to participate in community-based psychosocial rehabilitation services. Measures of role functioning, self-esteem, and psychiatric symptoms were gathered at baseline and six months through a combination of structured clinical interviews and self-report surveys. Results SEM results at baseline provided support for a model in which self-esteem fully mediated the relationship between role functioning and psychiatric symptoms. The final model explained 20% of the variance in psychiatric symptoms. Analyses at six months post-baseline (time 2) indicate that changes in self-esteem fully mediated the relationship between changes in role functioning and changes in psychiatric symptoms. The final change model explained 23% of the variance in changes in psychiatric symptoms. Conclusion Results provide empirical support for the principles underlying Modified Labeling theory. Implications include the need for interventions that focus on social participation as a means of improving self-esteem, thereby decreasing symptom exacerbation and future relapse for people with SMI.
A maximum-force-dependent protocol for assessing labial force control.

A protocol based on target levels, referenced to maximum voluntary closing force (MVCF), was used to assess static force control in the perioral musculature. Twenty normal-speaking subjects were in...
Reluctant collaborators: Argentina and Chile in Antarctica during the International Geophysical Year, 1957–58

Abstract This paper suggests that Argentine and Chilean participation with the Antarctic section of the International Geophysical Year (IGY) of 1957–58 can be characterized as ‘reluctant collaboration.’ It then reflects on the implications of the nature of South American involvement for the history of the Antarctic section of the IGY, especially as it led to the negotiation of the 1959 Antarctic Treaty. During the initial planning stages of the IGY, both Argentina and Chile worried that proposals for widespread scientific research in the Antarctic continent would interfere with their contested claims to political sovereignty in the region. Yet despite their initial skepticism, Argentina and Chile found themselves swept along by the current of international scientific co-operation of the IGY, which persisted into the Antarctic Treaty negotiations of 1959. Within the limited options available, Chile and Argentina were able to negotiate an outcome that was not altogether unfavorable to their political interests. At the same time, their collaboration helped to legitimize both the IGY and the subsequent Antarctic Treaty.
FROM INTUITION TO DEFINITION: TEACHING CONTINUITY IN FIRST SEMESTER CALCULUS.

ABSTRACT For most first semester students, the definition of a continuous function causes confusion. We discuss a presentation that leaves students with a better intuitive understanding of continuity, as well as an appreciation for the definition.
Generalizability of measures: A computer program for two- and three-facet designs

Generalizability Theory Classical test theory (Gulliksen, 1950) has been shown to be limited in handling a wide variety of measurement problems (Cronbach, Gleser, Nanda, & Rajaratnam, 1972). To overcome some of the problems, Cronbach et a1. (1972) developed a theory of the generalizability of behavioral measurements. This theory does not rely upon the restricted assumptions of the classical test theory. Furthermore, it isolates more than one source of error variation affecting the measurement. Generalizability theory distinguishes two types of studies: a G study and a D study. A G study is a pilot study carried out according to an elaborate design which includes all possible sources that may influence the generalizability of measurement. A D study collects data for the purpose of making decisions or drawing conclusions. One can choose the design for the D study from information provided in the G study, considering, of course, the D study's purposes and the cost of collecting information. In contrast to the classical test theory, generalizability theory distinguishes between absolute decisionsdecisions made on an individual's absolute score (e.g., 80% correct constitutes the criterion on a written driver's examination)-and relative decisions-decisions based upon rank ordering of individuals (e.g., correlational studies). This distinction is used to determine which sources of error variability affect the measurement. In generalizability theory the sources of error affecting the measurement (e.g., judges, observation occasions, items) are called facets (cf. factors in the analysis of variance). The conditions (cf. levels of a factor in the analysis of variance) representing these facets either constitute a random sample from the universe of conditions (a random facet) or exhaust the universe of conditions (a fixed facet). The persons on whom the measurements are taken are considered a random sample from a well-defined target population. A variability in the measurement due to a facet or an interaction among facets is defmed as error variance, while the variability among the persons is defmed as the universe score variance. An observed score variance is the sum of the universe score variance and the sampling error variances. The sampling error variance is defined as an average error variance where the average is taken over the number of conditions in which the source of error is sampled. The coefficient of generalizability (the counterpart of reliability coefficient) is defmed as the ratio of universe score variance to observed score variance.
Congenital cardiovascular malformations: an intersection of human genetics and developmental biology

Abstract The practice of pediatric cardiology is poised to benefit from dramatic developments in human genetics and developmental biology. While clinicians have long known that congenital cardiovascular malformations arise as a result of disruption of the developmental process, it has taken decades to define the mechanisms. The combination of epidemiology, models of cardiovascular development in vertebrates, and the unprecedented understanding of the human genome has lead to new insights into ideology and pathogenesis. Expanded knowledge of Down's syndrome, cono-truncal defects, abnormalities of situs and looping, and Marfan syndrome, William's syndrome, and supravalvar aortic stenosis, Holt–Oram syndrome and Alagille syndrome, will allow clinical cardiologists to answer more precisely the three questions posed by parents: (1) will our child be all right; (2) what caused our child's heart defect; and (3) what about our other children and our grandchildren? This is the promise of the intersection of human genetics, developmental biology, and clinical pediatric cardiology.
Factors Associated with Religious Congregation Members’ Support to People Living with HIV/AIDS in Kumasi, Ghana

Physical, social and economic constraints often limit the ability of people living with HIV/AIDS to meet their basic needs. Community members are a valuable source of support for people living with HIV/AIDS, although little is known about the types of support they provide or how to mobilize this support. To examine this issue, a survey of 1200 members of 6 religious congregations was conducted in Kumasi, Ghana. A fifth of congregation members reported providing some support to people with HIV/AIDS in the last 6 months, mostly through prayer, financial support, and counseling. Factors associated with providing support include having heard a congregation or tribal chief speaking about HIV/AIDS, collective efficacy related to HIV/AIDS, and perceived risk of becoming infected with HIV. To enhance support to people with HIV/AIDS, programs should involve community leaders and encourage dialogue on ways to address the epidemic.
Opening the lines of communications with open source software

SUNY Geneseo's original commercial helpdesk software was purchased and implemented nearly ten years ago. The drawbacks of managing a large software installation (high annual maintenance costs, complex administration needs that could not be met with current staffing levels, and prohibitive expansion costs) led to our exploration of a new helpdesk solution for the campus.We selected to implement open source helpdesk software. This decision has benefits beyond financial ones. Our customers now have self-service capabilities allowing them to create, view, and respond to their own issues. Customers are automatically notified via e-mail when a new ticket is entered on their behalf and when that issue has been resolved. We also expanded the software to other areas of our IT department for project management and internal problem tracking.The flexibility of the solution we implemented allows us to work towards changing many of our paper based, poorly tracked processes to be far more transparent and easy to maintain and monitor.We will discuss the impact of an open helpdesk system from management, technical, and customer perspectives, talk about the trials, tribulations, and hurdles we had to overcome along the way, and give a live demonstration of our implementation.
Demographic diversity on cable: Have the new cable channels made a difference in the representation of gender, race, and age?

This research examines the issue of diversity and cable television from a content analysis of 1,035 randomly chosen moments from four channel sources: network, cable, independent and public television. The research focuses on whether the growth in channels has changed the representative diversity of those who appear on TV in terms of race, gender and age. The study demonstrates that there has been relatively little movement towards more accurate proportional representations of historically underrepresented demographic groups across the 32 channel offerings of one typical cable system.
Potassium-induced changes in excitability in the hippocampal CA1 region of immature and adult rats.

Abstract Orthodromic and spontaneous population spike activity was measured in vitro in the CA1 region of rat hippocampal slices to determine maturational differences in excitability and susceptibility to K + -induced seizures. Several indices of excitability in the CA1 region changed in a non-monotonic fashion during maturation, in response to step-wise increases in bath [K + ]. Slices from rats 18–22 days old, showed a greater probability of both spontaneous epileptiform activity and episodes of seizure-like activity followed by spreading depression, and more prolonged durations of evoked seizure-like events. Elevation of [K + ] in the bathing medium increased these indices in a similar manner in older rats but not to the same degree as in 18- to 22-day-old rats. However, the threshold level of bath [K + ] resulting in evoked bursts of population spikes was lower in adult and 28- to 32-day-old rats than in 18- to 22-day-old rats, suggesting that excitability is not uniformly greater at any given age. In 10- to 15-day-old rats, elevation of bath [K + ] either produced persistent blockade of population responses, or increased the amplitude of the initial population spike, without producing bursts. Basal levels of [K + ] in the interstitium of the slices corresponded to the various levels of [K + ] placed in the bathing medium and there were no differences among age groups. Therefore, differences in basal [K + ] o , cannot account for the maturational changes in excitability and seizure activity. The period from 18–22 days of age in the rat is a useful focal point for investigating mechanisms underlying maturational changes in propensity to develop seizures.
A work-hardening elastic-plastic wedge: numerical solution

A numerical solution is presented for an infinite wedge in the state of plane strain under uniform pressure on one face. The wedge consists of an incompressible, elastic-plastic material with both kinematic and isotropic work-hardening. The analysis is based on a generalized von Mises yield function and its associated flow rule in strain space. Numerical results are presented for a 45° wedge to illustrate the effect of work-hardening. At large plastic strains the numerical results differ significantly from a previous approximate analytical solution by the first author.
Clarification of subtle reciprocal rearrangements using fluorescence in situ hybridization

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using chromosome-specific DNA libraries as painting probes was applied in the analysis of six subtle, balanced chromosome rearrangements. Both fresh and older slides, some of which had been previously G-banded, were used to determine if FISH could identify unambiguously very small amounts of translocated material. Our results indicate that this procedure can clearly and precisely distinguish the specific components of extremely subtle translocations, in different cell types, such as leukocytes, aminocytes, and chorionic villus, and irregardless of preparation age. This ability makes FISH a valuable tool in clinical cytogenetics for the confirmation of preliminary G-banded karyotypes. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Coherent Modes Coupling in Propagation in Turbulence

Coherent modes coupling approach was proposed for describing the propagation of partially or fully coherent beams in atmospheric turbulence. The concept can be applied to propagation of partially polarized beams with some interesting results.
Regulation of tissue factor in microvascular dermal endothelial cells.

Inflammation is accompanied by activation of the coagulation cascade, manifested by thrombosis and fibrin generation. Whereas endothelial cells normally provide a nonthrombogenic surface, inflammatory mediators may induce the expression of tissue factor, rendering their surface thrombogenic. In order to define the mechanisms regulating the expression of tissue factor in the skin microvasculature, we examined tissue factor expression in human dermal microvascular endothelial cells. Quiescent human dermal microvascular endothelial cells did not constitutively express tissue factor protein, but were induced to express tissue factor by treatment with tumor necrosis factor-α in a time- and concentration-dependent fashion. Increased expression of tissue factor protein was accompanied by increases in steady-state mRNA levels. Tumor necrosis factor-α treatment resulted in increased expression of tissue factor heterogeneous nuclear RNA without changes in mRNA stability, suggesting that increased mRNA was mediated primarily via increased tissue factor gene transcription. In order to define the pathways regulating tissue factor induction, we examined the effects of MG-132, an inhibitor of nuclear factor-κB activation, PD98059, an inhibitor of MEK1 action, and SB203580, an inhibitor of activated p38 activity. MG132 only partially blocked tumor necrosis factor-α-induced tissue factor protein expression, despite an almost complete inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-α-induced E-selectin expression. In contrast, SB203580, almost completely inhibited tumor necrosis factor-α-induced tissue factor expression but inhibition of MEK1 by PD98059 had a minimal effect on tumor necrosis factor-α-mediated tissue factor induction in human dermal microvascular endothelial cells. Both SB203580 and MG132 treatment inhibited tumor necrosis factor-α-mediated increases in tissue factor mRNA and tissue factor gene transcription as measured by expression of tissue factor heterogeneous nuclear RNA. These data support a transcriptional role for both nuclear factor-κB and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, but not MEK1 in tissue factor gene expression in human dermal microvascular endothelial cells.
Estimation of Thiamine by Inverse Isotope Dilution II

Thiamine hydrochloride was determined quantitatively by inverse isotope dilution in the presence of ascorbic acid, riboflavin, and nicotinic acid. The results obtained, using 100-mg. quantities, indicated an average error of 0.1. per cent and a reproducibility of 0.27 per cent.
War and the enemy in the thought of Mircea Eliade

(1991). War and the enemy in the thought of Mircea Eliade. History of European Ideas: Vol. 13, No. 4, pp. 335-344.
Design of Experiments for Aeroelastic Analysis

The performance of an aircraft in flight is, in part, a result of interactions between aerodynamic forces and structural deformations. Aerodynamic pressures result in elastic deformations which alter the wing shape and thus affect the aerodynamics. Consideration of this multidisciplinary interaction is critical to wing design. In particular, divergence (static elastic instability) and flutter (dynamic resonance) are potential catastrophic effects to be avoided. Performing an aeroelastic analysis requires the combination of static and dynamic structural analysis (often done through finite element analysis) with aerodynamic analysis (typically using some form of computational fluid dynamics, CFD). For large grids, each of these can require a significant computational effort. Resolving the interactions between the two is an iterative process which only magnifies the problem. This is a typical characteristic and drawback of multidisciplinary analysis; it makes exploring a large design space (which may include a large range of wing shape, structural support, and material choices) particularly challenging.Statistical design of experiments (DOX) is one technique for design space exploration using a limited number of targeted, computational experiments. DOX is useful for identifying the design variables most critical for a relevant response, and for finding sensitivities needed for design optimization. The objectives for this project were (1) to find the most significant geometric, modeling, and material parameters that affect the predicted aeroelastic responses of a simple wing geometry, (2) to develop parsimonious, low-order response surfaces to model effects of interest, (3) and to evaluate the quality of the response surfaces. The computational experiments were performed with MSC Nastran which combines finite element analysis for the structural response with a steady vortex-lattice method for trim aeroelastic analyses. The discussion will include an overview of the experiment design selection process, formulation of an approximation model, and an explanation of key metrics for evaluating the response surface designs. Comprehensive results are presented for the natural frequency responses, as well as a preliminary analysis of aerodynamic trim solutions.© 2012 ASME
Parental guidance in a cooking activity with preschoolers

The present study was designed to investigate the nature and amount of support provided by parents to young children during a culturally relevant, complex activity. Thirty-six mothers and their 3- to 6-year-olds baked cookies together at home. The amount of direct intervention and also the amount of overall guidance provided by mothers were assessed. In addition, parents' and children's engagement in the cooking activity was observed. We found that mothers employed higher levels of intervention with younger children, and especially for steps with higher difficulty, such as reading the instructions. Children whose parents provided more guidance overall were more engaged in the activity, though parental engagement and parental guidance were not related. Parents who provided more guidance overall employed lower levels of intervention, giving more hints or helping the children perform the step rather than doing it for them. Thus, their didactic focus encouraged the child's increased participation in the joint activity.
Optimal weight assignment for signature generation

Previous work on superimposed coding has been characterized by two aspects. First, it is generally assumed that signatures are generated from logical text blocks of the same size; that is, each block contains the same number of unique terms after stopword and duplicate removal. We call this approach the fixed-size block (FSB) method, since each text block has the same size, as measured by the number of unique terms contained in it. Second, with only a few exceptions [6,7,8,9,17], most previous work has assumed that each term in the text contributes the same number of ones to the signature (i.e., the weight of the term signatures is fixed). The main objective of this paper is to derive an optimal weight assignment that assigns weights to document terms according to their occurrence and query frequencies in order to minimize the false-drop probability. The optimal scheme can account for both uniform and nonuniform occurence and query frequencies, and the signature generation method is still based on hashing rather than on table lookup. Furthermore, a new way of generating signatures, the fixed-weight block (FWB) method, is introduced. FWB controls the weight of every signature to a constant, whereas in FSB, only the expected signature weight is constant. We have shown that FWB has a lower false-drop probability than that of the FSB method, but its storage overhead is slightly higher. Other advantages of FWB are that the optimal weight assignment can be obtained analytically without making unrealistic assumptions and that the formula for computing the term signature weights is simple and efficient.
PREPARATION, DERIVATIZATION WITH TRIMETHYLSILYLDIAZOMETHANE, AND GC/MS ANALYSIS OF A “POOL” OF ALKYL METHYLPHOSPHONIC ACIDS FOR USE AS QUALITATIVE STANDARDS IN SUPPORT OF COUNTERTERRORISM AND THE CHEMICAL WEAPONS CONVENTION

There are hundreds of nerve agents in the class of alkyl methylphosphonofluoridates covered by Schedule 1 of the CWC (Chemical Weapons Convention). Hydrolysis of these sarin-like nerve agents results in an equal number of alkyl methylphosphonic acids. These alkyl methylphosphonic acids are persistent and provide good evidence of specific agent production or use. In order to support the CWC and counterterrorism activities, it is desirable to have ready access to each of these hydrolysis products for use as qualitative standards. A means for simultaneously producing multiple alkyl methylphosphonates from methylphosphonic acid and the corresponding alcohols was developed. Derivatization of these alkyl methylphosphonic acids with trimethylsilyldiazomethane yields the corresponding methyl esters which are suitable for GC/MS analysis.
The Labeling Approach to Delinquency: State of the Theory as a Function of Method

In this study, hypotheses regarding selective bias on the part of official decision-makers, and the independent effect of social control upon delinquency recidivism are tested. Contrary to the findings of earlier studies, statistical analysis failed to demonstrate selective bias in offender dispositions. While a statistically significant, direct relationship is observed between official labeling (formal hearing) and recidivism the result is discussed as an example of the type of finding which too often leads to a theoretically unwarranted inferential leap beyond the interpretational limits of the study data. Finally, suggestions for, and examples of, promising lines of methodological inquiry into central but neglected dimensions of labeling theory are presented. Labeling theory in the sociology of delinquency enjoys a wide popularity among practitioners and academicians alike. There is a considerable bibliography expounding the relevance of this processual model of delinquency causation (Schur, 197 1; Stebbins, 197 1 ). Similarly, among those involved in the administration of juvenile justice, labeling is salient in the determination of delinquent careers. This is evidenced by the fact that the present study was commissioned by a County Juvenile Court for the express purpose of identifying types of first offenders who might be spared the degradation of an official hearing. However, in the name of "process" and "redirection" labeling theory, along with its structural sister, interest group theory, has allowed itself to become flabby and un-
Alpha-fetoprotein and other tumour-associated antigens for immunotherapy of hepatocellular cancer

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer death, with few treatment options for advanced disease. Objectives: Here, we review the aetiology of HCC and focus on recent data on tumour-associated antigens (TAA) for HCC, their functions and potential use as immunological targets for immune-based therapy for HCC. In addition, we examine some aspects of antigen presentation within the liver. Results/conclusions: α-Fetoprotein (AFP) has been investigated for many years as a TAA, and has been tested in recent clinical trials. More recently, additional TAA have been identified and new therapeutic approaches have been investigated which may be testable clinically in this difficult disease setting.
Figure of merit for the thermal performance of cementitious composites containing phase change materials

Abstract This paper presents a novel method to quantitatively characterize the thermal performance of composite materials containing phase change materials (PCM) based on a figure of merit we termed the energy indicator. The method features (i) commonly used specimen geometry, (ii) straightforward experimental implementation, and (iii) sensitivity to relevant design parameters including PCM volume fraction, enthalpy of phase change, composite effective thermal conductivity, and specimen dimensions. The experimental method and the concept of energy indicator were demonstrated on PCM-mortar composites using various volume fractions of two commercial microencapsulated PCMs. This was supported by transient two-dimensional heat transfer simulations. The energy indicator was shown to increase linearly with increasing microencapsulated PCM volume fraction and latent heat of fusion and quadratically with the specimen radius. This figure of merit can be used to rapidly screen and select microencapsulated PCM composite materials for energy efficient buildings or crack-resistant concretes.