cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Depression Predicts Non-Home Discharge After Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair

Background Mental health's impact on vascular surgical patients has long been overlooked. While outside the expertise of most surgeons, understanding the role that depression plays in the postoperative course could provide additional insight into opportunities to improve surgical outcomes and healthcare value. Additionally, non-home discharge (NHD) to a rehabilitation or skilled nursing facility after surgery is associated with impaired quality of life and higher postdischarge complications, readmissions, and mortality. We hypothesized that depression would be associated with an increased risk for NHD following abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair. Methods Nonruptured AAA repair cases were identified from the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) using ICD-9 codes between 2005 and 2014. Depression, comorbidities, postoperative complications, and discharge destination were evaluated using statistical tests as appropriate to the data. A hierarchical multivariable logistic regression controlling for hospital level variation was used to examine the independent association between depression, and the primary outcome of NHD controlling for median income and confounders meeting P Results There were 99,934 total cases analyzed, of which 4,755 (4.8%) were diagnosed with depression and 10,618 (11.9%) required NHD. Patients with depression were younger, more likely to be women, white, have diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hypertension, tobacco use, and more likely to experience a postoperative complication. On adjusted multivariable analysis, patients with depression were more likely to require NHD (odds ratio [OR] 1.87, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.68–2.08, c-statistic = 0.82). On stratified analysis by operative approach, depression had a larger effect estimate in endovascular repair (OR 2.19; 95% CI: 1.90–2.52) versus open repair (OR 1.60; 95% CI: 1.38–1.87). Conclusions In a nationally representative sample, patients with depression were more likely to require NHD after AAA repair. This study highlights the importance that depression plays in postoperative outcomes after AAA repair. Furthermore, addressing mental health preoperatively has the potential to improve outcomes in patients undergoing AAA repair.
The Emergent Evaluation and Treatment of Shoulder, Clavicle, and Humerus Injuries

Shoulder pain is a common presentation in the emergency department. The list of differential diagnoses is broad. This article summarizes common diagnoses of shoulder pain, including bony, infectious, and connective tissue pathologies and their proper treatment. It also reviews which shoulder pain conditions are emergency diagnoses and need immediate treatment and which diagnoses need conservative management and outpatient follow-up.
Comparison of Mechanical Insufflation-Exsufflation Using a Stand Alone Device and Integrated Into a Ventilator

Background: MI-E improves secretion clearance in neuromuscular weakness. To date MI-E has required a second, stand-alone device. We compared flows and airway pressures with the T-70 (Philips, Murrysville, PA) and VOCSN (Ventec, Bothell, WA). Methods: Each device was connected to an ISO rigid lung model with CLset at 50 or 80 mL/cm H2O and Raw of 10 cm H2O/L/s via standard circuits (passive and active). Devices were set at 3 different inspiratory/expiratory pressure settings (+ 30/-30, + 50/+ 50, and + 30/-50 cm H2O) and 2 inspiratory rise times (fast and slow). Insp and exp times were fixed at 3.0 s with no pause time. Artificial mucus (1 mL) was placed in an 8 mm ID tube over a 2-4 cm distance. Photographs were taken before and after 3 cough cycles and video was recorded for each of 3 trials using a 12 mp camera. Photos were imported to a PC and the distance mucus moved antegrade and retrograde was determined. Net mucus movement was determined as the difference between antegrade and retrograde distance measured at the most proximal and distal edge of the mucus. We measured airway pressures, volumes and flows using a Citrex H5 Analyzer (IMT Analytics, SZ) at 500 Hz and calculated peak PIF and PEF the duration of time PEF is > 90% (T90), IP, EP and delivered VT. Median and ranges were calculated and compared between the T70 and the VOCSN with a passive (Vp) and active (Va) circuit. Mucus movement was compared using Wilcoxson rank sum test, a P
Cooperative Output Regulation of Networked Motors Under Switching Communication and Detectability Constraints

In this brief, we study the cooperative output regulation of linear multiagent systems under switching communication topology and exosystem detectability constraints, and applications to the synchronization of networked motors. Compared to similar works in the literature, in this brief, we consider the problem scenario in which none of the agents can estimate the exosystem states from their individual measurements on any of the switching configurations of the system. In other words, no agent in the system can solve the output regulation problem independently. By devising a distributed observer on the exosystem states, and under intuitive assumptions on the combined detectability of the multiagent system and joint connectivity of the information graphs, we are able to solve the problem by a distributed feedback protocol. Finally, the developed theoretical results are applied to the synchronization problem of a group of motors in a time-varying communication network.
Etiology of Papilledema in Patients in the Eye Clinic Setting

Importance The study of health conditions associated with papilledema will augment the clinical judgment of eye care professionals treating patients with optic disc edema in determining the urgency of additional evaluation and counseling patients accordingly. Objectives To determine the incidence, demographic characteristics, and etiologies of papilledema based on a unique records–linkage research platform; and to describe the demographic and clinical differences between patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) and other causes of papilledema. Design, Setting, and Participants Retrospective population-based cross-sectional study of patients treated for papilledema at outpatient eye clinics in Olmsted County, Minnesota, using the Rochester Epidemiology Project. Data were collected from January 1990 to December 2014 and analyzed from September 2018 to April 2019. Main Outcomes and Measures Etiologies of papilledema, body mass index, incidence of headache, or localizing neurologic signs. Results Eighty-six patients were diagnosed with papilledema during the 24-year period, providing an age- and sex-adjusted incidence of 2.5 individuals per 100 000 per year; 68 patients (79%) were women, 73 (85%) were white patients, and the median (range) age was 27.7 (6.2-64.2) years. Nineteen patients (22%) presented with a previously diagnosed attributable cause (eg, trauma or intracranial tumor). Among patients presenting with papilledema without a previously diagnosed attributable cause, 58 patients (87%) had IIH, and 9 patients (13%) were found to have a secondary cause of raised intracranial pressure, such as intracranial tumor, cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, or granulomatous meningitis. Patients with IIH had a higher median (range) body mass index (37.5 [20.4-55.7] vs 27.4 [16.6-40.1];P = .003) and headache prevalence (54 of 58 patients [93%] vs 6 of 9 patients [67%];P = .004) than patients with other causes of papilledema. Of 9 patients with papilledema but no IIH, 2 (22%) had localizing neurologic signs, such as gait abnormalities, hearing loss, focal weakness or numbness, visual field defects, or aphasia. Among 42 patients with demographic characteristics typically associated with IIH (female sex, with obesity, aged 15 to 45 years, and absent localizing neurologic signs or symptoms), 40 (95%) had papilledema that was associated with IIH. Conversely, among the 19 patients without these demographic characteristics, 7 (37%) had an alternative cause. Conclusions and Relevance In this study, most patients who presented to the eye clinic with papilledema without a previously known cause were found to have IIH. These patients were more likely to present with headaches and had statistically higher body mass index. Clinicians should take these findings into account when determining the pretest probability of a patient having IIH or an alternative cause of papilledema.
Determining a correction coefficient for dielectric properties between in vivo and ex vivo tumor

This paper determines the possibility of generating a correlation or correction factor for the dielectric properties between in vivo and ex vivo tumor tissue measurements. The experiments performed include injecting the backs of C57BL/6 mice with colonic fibroblasts, which are derived from colonic tumors developed in the same species of mice. After the tumors grew to at least 9.5 mm in diameter, dielectric readings of the tumorous tissues and surrounding tissues are gathered for analysis. Data are collected using a network analyzer of the series E5071C and dielectric properties probe (85070E) over the microwave frequency range between 1-5 GHz. The results conclude that a general correction coefficient could be found ranging from 12.30 to 4.0 in terms of relative permittivity and from 0 to 1.44 in terms of effective conductivity.
California’s Integrated Approach to Air Quality and Climate Change

Climate change models predict that a “business as usual” approach, i.e., no effort to control CO2 emissions from combustion of fossil fuels, will result in over 2 °C increase in the annual average surface temperature by ~2034. With atmospheric warming comes increased air pollution. The concept of a “climate gap” in air quality control captures the decreased effectiveness of regulatory policies to reduce pollution with a hotter climate. Sources of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and climate-forcing aerosols (“black carbon”) are the same sources of air pollutants that harm health. California has adopted robust climate change mitigation policies that are also designed to achieve public health benefits by improving air quality. These policies include advanced clean car standards, renewable energy, a sustainable communities strategy to limit suburban sprawl, a low-carbon fuel standard, and energy efficiency. A market-based mechanism to put a price on CO2 emissions is the cap-and-trade program that allows capped facilities to trade state-issued GHG emissions allowances. The “cap” limits total GHG emissions from all covered sources and declines over time to progressively reduce emissions. To address environmental justice concerns about the cap-and-trade program, California has adopted a potentially transformative ancillary program to identify and mitigate local “hot spots” of air pollution. The state’s leadership on air quality and climate change mitigation is increasingly important, given the efforts to slow or even reverse implementation of such policies at the US national level.
The relations between pleasurable emotions and depression: Exploring the potential significance of contentment

Abstract Background Previous research has found that the diminished ability to experience pleasure is a common feature of depression, but has not examined whether depression is associated equally strongly with the different types of pleasurable emotions. Contentment, which has been found to be especially strongly associated with life satisfaction and is associated with a sense of completeness or completion, was expected to be especially relevant to depression. Methods In two studies, participants (N = 70, and N = 109), who were receiving outpatient treatment, completed self-report measures of depression, contentment, tranquility, and cheerfulness. Worry and suicidality were also measured, in Studies 1 and 2, respectively. Results As hypothesized: (a) contentment was associated as strongly with depression as was cheerfulness; (b) contentment was more strongly associated with depression than was tranquility; (c) contentment was more strongly associated with depression than it was with worry; and (d) contentment was associated with suicidality even after taking into account depression severity, cheerfulness and tranquility. Limitations The present research relied on self-report. Because both studies employed cross-sectional designs, conclusions regarding causality cannot be drawn. Conclusions Contentment is associated with depression, even after taking into account other pleasurable emotions. The present findings raise the possibility that attending to different types of pleasurable emotions, such as contentment, may be important for understanding the different potential pathways to depression, and may be capable of predicting differential responses to alternative treatments for depression.
Community Service Outcomes in Justice-Involved Youth: Comparing Restorative Community Service to Standard Community Service:

Traditional mandated community service (CS) typically consists of picking up trash or performing manual labor, distanced from the community. Some juvenile justice programs have begun to implement r...
Anti-interleukin-1 for recurrent pericarditis; maybe a fix (but prior studies do not really mix).

Recurrent pericarditis, a condition associated with significant morbidity and even increased mortality, has received more recent welcome attention, mainly because of the emergence of promising, new, immune-modulating treatments. Imazio et al 1 conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of 2 randomised controlled trials (RCT)2 3 and 5 observational studies (OS), examining the efficacy and safety of anti-interleukin-1 (IL-1) agents (all anakinra, bar 1 RCT using rilonacept3 in 397 pooled patients with recurrent pericarditis despite standard medical therapy (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, colchicine, corticosteroids). While this paper is not without controversy (below we will delve further into the potential for bias due to the small number of studies, small effect size and funnel plot concerns), it nonetheless merits special attention given limited data on this topic and the need for more clinical research. The authors review hypothesis-generating, mechanistic data for the IL-1 pathway, a much-needed additional therapeutic target for the treatment of recurrent pericarditis. IL-1 is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that mediates the NLR pyrin domain 3 protein (NLRP3) that is part of the inflammasome signalling pathway, which in turn stimulates the synthesis of systemic inflammatory molecules such as cyclo-oxygenase and prostaglandins. Through the use of IL-1 inhibitors, namely anakinra and rilonacept, the authors highlight the IL-1/NPL3 pathway as an important mediator of systemic inflammation in pericarditis. Figure 1 illustrates the pathogenic role of the IL-1 pathway in recurrent pericarditis.4 Figure 1 Interleukin-1 alpha and beta in pericardial inflammation. Adapted from Klein et al .4 Patients receiving anti-IL-1 agents had a statistically significant lower incidence rate ratio (IRR) (number of events divided by the person-time at risk) for recurrent pericarditis (IRR 0.06, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.14, I2=95%; p<0.00001) compared with patients receiving placebo and/or standard medical therapy (figure 2)1 This observed efficacy was consistent across the pooled …
Homecare Encounters: An Organizational Response to Innovative Care for Patients Undergoing Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation During COVID-19.

BACKGROUND: Healthcare delivery has been significantly changed because of the COVID-19 pandemic. Patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) are vulnerable to infections because of their immunocompromised status. The risk of nosocomial infection may be reduced by providing care to patients at home. OBJECTIVES: This article describes one cancer center's approach for delivering safe patient care through homecare encounters, the benefits of home care for HSCT, and future directions. METHODS: Patients received detailed information on home encounters. Advanced practice providers visited patients daily and then returned to the clinic to formulate a plan of care with the interprofessional care team. Transplantation RNs visited patients on the same day to provide the prescribed care. FINDINGS: Based on evaluations from 32 patients and 12 providers, the results indicated that home care was safe, feasible, and beneficial for patient care post-HSCT during the COVID-19 pandemic.
A study of unexpected autoignition temperature trends for pure n-alkanes

Abstract An experimental study of minimum autoignition temperatures (AIT) reveals unexpected behavior of pure, higher-carbon-number n-alkanes (C16 and larger) not predicted by current AIT prediction methods nor current phenomenological understanding of autoignition processes. The well-documented AIT trend for normal alkanes shows high AIT values for smaller members of the family with decreasing AIT, as carbon chain length increases, to a roughly constant value for C7 and larger. Measurements in this work show that values start to increase again at C16 and show a dramatic and previously unexplained step increase between C25 and C26. The impact of measurement methods on AIT values is discussed. Experimental modifications to compensate for AIT measurements at altitude are presented. Measured values for several n-alkanes using the ASTM E-659 method are reported and compared to data from other sources. Temperature-versus-time plots, external autoignition experiments, lag times, and decomposition measurements using differential scanning calorimetry are also reported and examined for several n-alkanes to illucidate the unexpected trends. A mechanistic explanation of these trends is proposed. Finally, the implications of this behavior for trends in other chemical families are discussed.
Hyperpolarized 129Xenon MRI Ventilation Defect Quantification via Thresholding and Linear Binning in Multiple Pulmonary Diseases.

Rationale There is no agreed upon method for quantifying ventilation defect percentage (VDP) with high sensitivity and specificity from hyperpolarized (HP) gas ventilation MR images in multiple pulmonary diseases for both pediatrics and adults, yet identifying such methods will be necessary for future multi-site trials. Most HP gas MRI ventilation research focuses on a specific pulmonary disease and utilizes one quantification scheme for determining VDP. Here we sought to determine the potential of different methods for quantifying VDP from HP 129Xe images in multiple pulmonary diseases through comparison of the most utilized quantification schemes: linear binning and thresholding. Materials and Methods HP 129Xe MRI was performed in a total of 176 subjects (125 pediatrics and 51 adults, age 20.98±16.48 years) who were either healthy controls (n = 23) or clinically diagnosed with cystic fibrosis (CF) (n = 37), lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) (n = 29), asthma (n = 22), systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA) (n = 11), interstitial lung disease (ILD) (n = 7), or were bone marrow transplant (BMT) recipients (n = 47). HP 129Xe ventilation images were acquired during a ≤16 second breath-hold using a 2D multi-slice gradient echo sequence on a 3T Philips scanner (TR/TE 8.0/4.0ms, FA 10-12°, FOV 300 × 300mm, voxel size≈3 × 3 × 15mm). Images were analyzed using 5 different methods to quantify VDPs: linear binning (histogram normalization with binning into 6 clusters) following either linear or a variant of a nonparametric nonuniform intensity normalization algorithm (N4ITK) bias-field correction, thresholding ≤60% of the mean signal intensity with linear bias-field correction, and thresholding ≤60% and ≤75% of the mean signal intensity following N4ITK bias-field correction. Spirometry was successfully obtained in 84% of subjects. Results All quantification schemes were able to label visually identifiable ventilation defects in similar regions within all subjects. The VDPs of control subjects were significantly lower (p Conclusion The difference in VDP between healthy controls and patients varied between the different disease states for all quantification methods. Although N4ITK bias-field corrected 60% thresholding was superior in separating the combined diseased group from controls, linear binning is able to better label low-ventilation regions unlike the current, 60% thresholding scheme. For future clinical trials, a consensus will need to be reached on which VDP scheme to utilize, as there are subtle advantages for each for specific disease.
Does Health Vulnerability Predict Voting for Right-Wing Populist Parties in Europe?

Why do voters in developed democracies support right-wing populist parties? Existing research focuses on economic and cultural vulnerability as driving this phenomenon. We hypothesize that perceptions of personal health vulnerability might have a similar influence on voters. To test this argument, we analyzed all waves of the European Social Survey (2002–2020). Our findings suggest that voters with worse self-reported health were significantly more likely to vote for right-wing populist parties. The relationship persists even after accounting for measures of cultural and economic vulnerability, as well as voters’ satisfaction with both their personal lives and their country’s health system. The influence of health on support for right-wing populist parties appears to be greater than that of income and self-reported economic insecurity, while less than that of gender and attitudes about immigrants. Our findings suggest that policies affecting public health could shape not only health outcomes but also the political landscape.
Simulation of Waterway Transport Systems

Computer simulation is a useful tool for investigating alterative improvements to inland waterways. This paper summarizes the Penn State research and the resulting model. The simulation program itself consists of two parts. The first part (TOWGEN) uses linear programming techniques to determine the O-D pattern of empty barge movements. It then randomly samples the appropriate O-D and flotilla configuration matrices to produce a list of tows having specified characteristics. The clock time at which each tow enters the system is selected randomly, assuming an exponential distribution of interarrival times. The second part of the program (WATSIM) processes the tows through the system, moving each tow from its origin port to its destination. Point to point travel times are computed by means of Howe’s equilibrium speed function. Locking operations are simulated via Monte Carlo techniques. The paper concludes by presenting some possible guidelines for employing the model as one part of a comprehensive waterway systems planning methodology.
Effect of electrode configurations on phase equilibria with applied electric fields

Abstract Applying an electric field to some boiling binary mixtures has been shown experimentally to increase the separation factor by as much as 10%. In this work, an electric field was applied across the interface of boiling mixtures of 2-propanol–water via electrodes located in the vapor and the liquid. The shape and separation of the electrodes and the strength and polarity of the electric field were altered to investigate their effect on the vapor mole fraction, the current, and the vapor temperature. The results show that greater voltage differences, in the absence of excessive electrical current, lead to higher concentrations of 2-propanol in the vapor. However, it was found that varying the electrode separation at a given potential difference, and thus the electric field strength, has little effect on the vapor composition. The effects of the applied potential difference are reduced with elevated current and under conditions where liquid dynamics such as dripping, splashing, or jetting provide an opportunity for charge to be transferred between the electrode in the vapor and the liquid. It is also shown that directing the electric field from the vapor to the liquid produces a lower current, and the effect on the composition is larger. These findings, in combination with calculations of the interface charge density, suggest that improvements in the separation efficiency achieved by an applied potential difference are not due to effects of the electric field in the bulk fluids, but rather are induced by charge accumulation at the vapor–liquid interface.
An Excess of Mg II Absorbers in BL Lacertae Objects

Three Mg II absorbers are presented, one of which is new (z=1.340 in S5 0454+844), bringing the total number of Mg II systems in the 1 Jy radio-selected BL Lac sample to 10. Five of the 10 absorption systems are at Wλ>1 A; this is a factor of 4-5 greater than the number expected based upon quasar sight lines and is 2.5-3 σ greater than the expectation value. Interpretations of this possible excess include either that some of the Mg II absorbers might be intrinsic to the BL Lac or that there is a correlation between the presence of absorbing gas in the foreground and the nearly featureless spectra of these BL Lac objects compared to quasars. Such a correlation can be created by gravitational microlensing as suggested by Ostriker & Vietri. The similarity between the optical spectra of BL Lac objects with Mg II absorption and the spectrum of the γ-ray burst source GRB 970508 suggests that models of γ-ray bursts as microlensed AGNs should be investigated.
Hexamethylmelamine: an evaluation of its role in the treatment of ovarian cancer.

Abstract Hexamethylmelamine (HMM), NSC 13875, a synthetic agent structurally related to triethylenemelamine, has clinical antitumor activity and a role in the treatment of ovarian cancers of epithelial origin. Fifty-four patients, with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics Stage III or IV carcinomas, previously untreated with chemotherapy or irradiation therapy, were treated with HMM (8 mg/kg/day) as a single agent at the M. D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute in Houston, Texas, between January, 1973, and May, 1976. The response end points analyzed were complete plus partial response rate, duration of remission, and survival time. The complete and partial responses were verified whenever possible by “second-look” operation. Seventeen patients (31.8%) responded to HMM and three had no evidence of cancer, determined by multiple biopsies at second-look operation. Gastrointestinal, hematologic, and nervous system toxic effects were severe in 10 patients, requiring discontinuation of HMM. This study shows that HMM can induce a complete response and provide an extended disease-free interval without maintenance chemotherapy.
Life threatening parvovirus B19 and herpes simplex virus associated acute myocardial dysfunction in a child with homozygous sickle cell disease.

Human parvovirus (HPV) B19, a common infection, frequently causes transient red cell aplasia in children with hemolytic anemia, such as sickle cell disease (SCD). It was considered to be a self-limited condition, easily treated with blood transfusion. However, acute splenic sequestration, acute chest syndrome, nephrotic syndrome, and stroke have been reported in SCD patients following HPV B19 infection. We report a 3-year-old child with SCD who developed fulminant myocarditis following HPV B19-related aplastic crisis. The diagnosis of myocarditis should be considered in a patient with hemolytic anemia with an infection with HPV B19 who develops signs of cardiopulmonary failure despite correction of anemia. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2007;49:1019–1021. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
From Frontline Nurse Managers to Academic Program Directors: Research, Strategies, and Commonalities

Problem Frontline nurse managers, whether in service or academia, are facing very similar stressors related to the ever-expanding job duties that also include providing a positive nurturing work environment for employees. Publications supporting these two administrative positions are referenced in either nursing administration or nursing education journals. Yet much can be shared and learned when both sets of rich research and commentary are merged. Method This article compares the recent research across these two areas of critical nursing management from a role analysis perspective. Conclusion Recommendations for encouraging healthy work environments, enhancing personal growth, leadership development, encouraging succession planning, and innovatively partnering toward the future are included.
Spatiotemporal dynamics of diffusional kurtosis, mean diffusivity and perfusion changes in experimental stroke

Diffusional kurtosis imaging (DKI), which measures the non-Gaussianity of water diffusion, has been demonstrated to be a sensitive biomarker in many neuropathologies. The goal of this study was to longitudinally examine the spatiotemporal dynamics of DKI in cerebral ischemia in an animal model of permanent and transient (45 min) middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) during the hyperacute, acute and chronic phases. Diffusional kurtosis showed different spatiotemporal dynamics. In particular, mean kurtosis (MK) was sensitive to hyperacute and acute stroke changes, and exhibited different contrast than mean diffusivity (MD) and higher contrast than fractional anisotropy (FA) and T2. MK contrast persisted 1 to 7 days post-occlusion, whereas MD showed renormalization at day 1–2 and reversed contrast at day 7. The current study showed that DKI has the potential to complement existing stroke imaging techniques, particularly in the assessment of subacute to early chronic stroke evolution.
Diastereoselective heterogeneous bromination of stilbene in a porous metal-organic framework.

Postsynthetic modification of a porous MOF, Zn4O(trans-4,4′-stilbene dicarboxylate)3, with Br2 results in diastereoselective bromination of the stilbene units. This is a heterogeneous process, with the stereocontrol originating in the rigidity of the coordinated ligand and the porous nature of the MOF, which allows “solution-like” access to reactive sites. X-ray diffraction and N2 sorption studies suggest that partial bromination serves to increase the stability of this interpenetrated MOF structure.
Privatizing tendencies: fishing communities and tourism in Korea

Abstract This paper examines development of tourism in Korean fishing communities, and illustrates the ways in which the responses of the state and the fishing village cooperative to tourism have advanced the privatization of commonly held local fishing grounds and of cooperative businesses. The financial assistance from the state and some privatization of common fishing grounds by the cooperative precipitated this trend. In addition, the development largely focused on the private goods characteristic of the tourist resources. In place, common assets are overlooked though tourism enterprises ultimately depend on common tourism assets.
Tradeoffs between gate oxide leakage and delay for dual T/sub ox/ circuits

Gate oxide tunneling current (Igate) will become the dominant component of leakage in CMOS circuits as the physical oxide thickness (Tox) goes below 15AA. Increasing the value of Tox reduces the leakage at the expense of an increase in delay, and a practical tradeoff between delay and leakage can be achieved by assigning one of the two permissible Tox values to each transistor. In this paper, we propose an algorithm for dual Tox assignment to optimize the total leakage power under delay constraints, and generate a leakage/delay tradeoff curve. As compared to the case where all transistors are set to low Tox, our approach achieves an average leakage reduction of 83% under 100nm models.
Novel BEM Simulation of Mixing in Polymer Flows Including Non-Linear Effects:

When numerically analyzing mixing in polymer processes, there are several difficulties that the engineer will encounter; such as moving boundaries, complex geometries and non-linear material behavior. The Boundary Element Method (BEM), as a technique which requires only boundaries (surfaces) to be meshed, is ideal to simulate problems with moving boundaries and complex geometries. However, the introduction of non-linear material behavior requires domain information. This study applies the Monte Carlo technique to integrate the domain and keep the boundary-only discretization. Results show the influence of non-linear effects, such as shear-thinning viscosity, when characterizing mixing in polymer processing equipment.
Proactive interference in sentence recall: Topic-similarity effects and individual differences

The effect of topic similarity on proactive interference in sentence recall was investigated in two experiments using the Brown-Peterson paradigm. In Experiment 1, successive sentences about the same topic and related topics were both associated with substantial and progressive amounts of proactive interference; however, a significant trials × condition interaction indicated that the effect was stronger in the related-topics condition. Moreover, significant negative correlations were found between individual differences in susceptibility to proactive interference and academic achievement test scores. In Experiment 2, relatively weak effects leveling off on the second trial were obtained with sentences about unrelated topics. With some assumptions about the spread of activation during retrieval, the results were attributed to response-set interference. The practical implications of these data were also considered, and it was suggested that proactive interference might be a common cause of learning problems.
From Quantum Wetware to Mental Illness: A Section Editor's First Interim Progress Report

This paper summarizes the main points of target articles and commentary concerning quantum paradigms of psychopathology (QPP) appearing in the March 2010 issue of NeuroQuantology. Empirical findings, theoretical constructs, and problems raised at the subatomic, biomolecular, informational, molar neurophysiological, and social-ecological levels of analysis are reviewed. New questions for future researchers are posed.
The influence of lockout intervals and drug selection on patient-controlled analgesia following gynecological surgery

This study systematically compared 2 opioids, morphine (MOR) and fentanyl (FEN), and 2 lockout intervals, long (L) and short (S) in patients utilizing patient-controlled analgesia (PCA). Seventy-eight women undergoing gynecological surgery were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 groups: MOR-S (7 min), MOR-L (11 min), FEN-S (5 min), FEN-L (8 min). PCA measures obtained during the first 24 h after surgery included: number of demands/h, number of completed deliveries/h, dose/h, and demand/delivery ratio. Visual analog scales of pain and anxiety were also obtained. Results indicated that pain relief was equivalent with minimal side effects for both opioids. The selection of opioid, however, influenced the pattern of PCA use, with an improved demand/delivery ratio initially for FEN. The lockout intervals chosen for this study did not influence pain or anxiety levels.
Maribavir sensitivity of cytomegalovirus isolates resistant to ganciclovir, cidofovir or foscarnet

Abstract Background The cytomegalovirus (CMV) UL97 inhibitor drug maribavir (MBV) is undergoing clinical antiviral trials. Objectives To assess the MBV sensitivity of CMV strains and isolates containing mutations that confer resistance to current antiviral drugs ganciclovir, cidofovir or foscarnet. Study design Resistant clinical isolates and laboratory strains containing UL97 and or UL54 DNA polymerase mutations were tested for sensitivity to all four drugs by standard plaque reduction assay and a reporter-based yield reduction assay. Sensitive control strains were also tested. Results Eleven CMV strains or isolates resistant to GCV, four resistant to FOS and two resistant to CDV, were all sensitive to MBV. These viruses represent four UL97 mutations and three UL54 DNA polymerase mutations. The laboratory derived UL97 L397R mutant was highly MBV-resistant but remained sensitive to the other three drugs. Conclusions No cross-resistance has been detected between viruses resistant to MBV and those resistant to one or more of the current CMV antiviral drugs, consistent with differences in their mechanisms of action.
Geography and Community: New Forms of Interaction Among People and Places:

Today location-based data, such as GPS coordinates, are increasingly being incorporated into Internet sites such as Flickr, Jaiku, and Placeopedia. In turn, new practices are emerging that evoke innovative ways of relating among people and between individuals and places. This article investigates this geographic turn in networked interaction—particularly, emergent sensemaking regarding the role of location in distributed communities. The author uses an inductive, grounded theory methodology based on ethnographic interview and artifact data to compare the microblogging practices of two communities: those using Twitter and those using Jaiku. Findings suggest that the organizing practices of the two groups are quite different, despite the similarities in the tools they use to interact. Although each platform allows for the development of peripheral awareness and ambient intimacy within user groups, the design affordances of Twitter as a straightforward broadcasting tool result in social patterns that are qui...
Larval Rearing and Weaning Techniques for White Bass Morone chrysops

The effects of culture parameters of tank color and feeding regimes were examined on larval white bass Morone chrysops during 1994–1995. Under high surface illumination (998 lux), dark tank walls were essential for effective prey capture. Larvae reared in clear glass aquaria did not grow and had died by day 6 of the study. In contrast, 48.7% of the larvae reared in black-walled tanks were alive on day 24 and had grown to 17.2 mm total length (TL). In another study, larvae were fed rotifers Brachionus plicatilis and Artemia nauplii in different feeding protocols. In one treatment only rotifers (10/mL) were fed day 1 (4 d post-hatch), rotifers and Artemia (3/mL) were fed days 2–4, and Artemia fed days 5–15. This protocol produced similar growth (mean size 11.7 mm TL) and survival (mean 30.3%) as slower weaning times from rotifers to Artemia. Juveniles (27-day-old, 17.2 mm TL) were converted to a dry crumble diet over a 14-d period by slow transfer from a combination diet consisting of live Artemia nauplii, frozen adult Artemia, plankton flakes and dry crumbles. Survival offish weaned to the dry diet was 64.5%. Most of the mortalities during the weaning period were fish with uninflated swim bladders which were cannibalized by larger fish. Using the above tank culture techniques, white bass were reared to a mean size of 73.2 mm TL (mean weight 5.8 g) over a 73-d period. This essentially closes the life cycle of white bass.
The Ends Have Arrived

The 2009 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Elizabeth Blackburn, Carol Greider, and Jack Szostak for their contributions to our understanding of how the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes, telomeres, are replicated by a specialized reverse transcriptase, telomerase. I present a personal view of the telomere field, putting the contributions of these three Nobel laureates into historical context.
The ChemCollective—Virtual Labs for Introductory Chemistry Courses

taught out contexts utility draw connections to core ideas they can appear as a disconnected bag ( 1). The ChemCollective (www.chemcollect ive. org) is a library of online activities for general chemistry instruction that engages students problem-solving activities than those found textbooks. Our goal activities that allow stu- abstract concepts to experiments panel pro- vides multiple representations of the contents of the selected including the perature and pH, cies amounts shown grams, or molar concentrations. These quantities are the in the computational of the so this provides explicit link between the paper-and-pencil calculations of the course and chemical the performs on the workbench. The virtual lab supports new forms of problem-solving. Consider of limiting reagents reaction is usually taught. A student s practice with concept typically centers a standard computational for predicting fi nal reagents, the initial amounts. Our unknown reaction
Expressive language style among adolescents and adults with Williams syndrome

Language samples elicited through a picture description task were recorded from 38 adolescents and adults with Williams syndrome (WS) and one control group matched on age, and another matched on age, IQ, and vocabulary knowledge. The samples were coded for use of various types of inferences, dramatic devices, and verbal fillers; acoustic analyses of prosodic features were carried out, and an independent group of judges provided global ratings of the overall expressiveness of the language. In addition, a standardized measure of social adaptive functioning was administered to the parents of the participants with WS. The findings revealed distinctive developmental trends in the use of expressive content and prosodic patterns by adolescents and adults with WS that were not evident among the controls. Ratings of expressiveness by naive judges of the speech samples produced by the participants with WS were related to parent evaluations of adaptive social communication skills; however, the verbal productions of this group were not judged to be significantly more expressive than those of controls.
A novel aggregate of [Mn2(μ-O)2] units: [Mn8O10(O2CMe)6(H2O)2(bpy)6]4+ with a serpentine core

The synthesis, characterization and initial reactivity studies are reported of the mixed-valence (MnIV6MnIII2) title compound, which possesses an unusual serpentine-like core and is the highest average oxidation state (+3.75) Mnx (x > 4) cluster to date.
Geometrical Effects in Plasma Stability and Dynamics of Coherent Structures in the Divertor

Plasma dynamics in the divertor region is strongly affected by a variety of phenomena associated with the magnetic field geometry and the shape of the divertor plates. One of the most universal effects is the squeezing of a normal cross-section of a thin magnetic flux-tube on its way from the divertor plate to the main SOL. It leads to decoupling of the most unstable perturbations in the divertor legs from those in the main SOL. For perturbations on either side of the X-point, this effect can be cast as a boundary condition at some 'control surface' situated near the X-point. We discuss several boundary conditions proposed thus far and assess the influence of the magnetic field geometry on them. Another set of geometrical effects is related to the transformation of a flux-tube that occurs when it is displaced in such a way that its central magnetic field line coincides with some other field line, and the magnetic field is not perturbed. These flute-like displacements are of a particular interest for the low-beta edge plasmas. It turns out that this transformation may also lead to a considerable deformation of a flux-tube cross-section; in addition, the distance between plasma particles occupying themore » flux-tube may change significantly even if there is no parallel plasma motion. We present expressions describing aforementioned transformations for the general tokamak geometry and simplify them for the divertor region (using the proximity of the X-point). We also discuss the effects associated with the shape of the plasma-limiting surfaces, both those designed to intercept the plasma (like divertor plates and limiters) and those that can be hit in some 'abnormal' events, e.g., in the course of a radial motion of an isolated plasma filament. The orientation of the limiting surface with respect to the magnetic field affects the plasma dynamics via the sheath boundary conditions. One can enhance or suppress plasma instabilities in the divertor legs by tilting the divertor plate with respect to the poloidal magnetic field. We concentrate on the instabilities in the private flux region and provide stability criteria accounting for the real divertor geometry, going beyond the slab approximation used before.« less
Neuropyschological Profile of Reversible Cognitive Impairment in a Patient with a Dural Arteriovenous Fistula

Objective and Importance: Patients with dural arteriovenous fistulas (dAVFs) may present with cognitive impairment secondary to venous hypertension or ischemia. Clinical Presentation: We present a patient with a dAVF supplied by the posterior meningeal artery who presented with severe encephalopathy and imaging consistent with bilateral thalamic ischemia. Results: Detailed pre-operative neuropsychological testing documented severe cognitive deficits across multiple domains, localizing diffusely in the cerebral cortex, beyond that which would be expected from purely thalamic involvement. Approximately 2 months following a combined endovascular and surgical repair, repeat neuropsychological testing documented a dramatic improvement in cognitive symptoms while MRI abnormalities in the thalami resolved. Conclusion: Detailed neuropsychological testing may be useful in patients presenting with dAVFs in order to identify cognitive impairment, which may be out of proportion to imaging findings. Recognition of dAV...
Optimal selection of uniaxial artificial absorber layer for truncating finite element meshes

The authors examine the performance and optimal selection of a new uniaxial artificial absorber layer for truncating finite element meshes. The absorber is reflectionless at its interface for all incidence angles but in practice a finite layer must be used, and as a result the absorber is no longer reflectionless. In the Letter the authors examine optimal selection of the thickness and dielectric properties of the absorber in the context of a finite element implementation for a shielded microstrip line.
Perceived fitness predicts daily coping better than physical activity

One hundred sixty-six participants (70 males, 96 females) completed a series of questionnaires measuring perceived fitness, social desirability, self-esteem, hope, and perceived stress levels and coping abilities. Participants were then given an activity monitoring device to wear for 1 week. Participants recorded daily measures of physical activity, perceived fitness, and perceived stress and coping over 7 days. Results revealed that although perceived physical fitness was reliably associated with coping, actual physical activity was not. These associations remained even after statistically controlling for gender, social desirability, self-esteem, hope, perceived stress, and anxiety. Findings suggest that perceived physical fitness may be a better predictor of daily coping than actual physical activity.
Child maturation, time-invariant, and time-varying inputs: their interaction in the production of child human capital

We model the relationship over time between multiple good and bad inputs to the child development production process and the multiple good and bad outcomes which are generated. Doing this avoids several well-known empirical problems associated with construction and use of aggregated inputs and outputs, the assumption of separability among inputs and outputs, and the estimation of reduced forms. Using time-demeaned data for a balanced panel of families from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth–Child Sample for 1994–2000, we estimate an output-oriented directional distance function that simultaneously relates good and bad inputs from home, school, and environment, to good and bad outcomes, measured as children’s math and reading test scores as well as parent-reported behavior problems. We are able for the first time to compute partial effects among endogenous outputs. Recovering consistent estimates of time-invariant coefficients using a second-stage estimator, we find that some time-invariant variables are significant. We also measure productivity growth, technical change, efficiency change, and technical efficiency. Children’s productivity growth is highest at age 5 years and diminishes thereafter. Finally, we investigate the effect on these estimates of the choice of alternative direction vectors for the good and bad outputs.