cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Auditory Masking on the Anxiety Level, Frequency of Dysfluency, and Selected Vocal Characteristic of Stutterers

This study tested and compared two different explanations of the effects of auditory masking on stuttering: masking minimizes the individual’s auditory feedback of his stuttering so that he is less anxious about the dysfluency and consequently stutters less; or masking causes the stutterer to increase his vocal intensity and reduce his speech rate, and these changes create the reduction in stuttering. Twelve stutterers with normal hearing read aloud in masking and no-masking (control) conditions. Measures of palmar sweat anxiety, the frequency of stuttering, reading time, and vocal intensity were obtained for each subject in both of these situations. Significantly less stuttering and more vocal intensity were noted concomitantly in the masking as compared to the control condition. The between-condition differences in reading time and measured anxiety were small and rather unreliable. These results were interpreted as supporting the “modified vocalization” explanation of the masking effect, but as detracti...
I.r. investigation of several rare-earth acetates and formates

Abstract The mid i.r. and the far i.r. spectra of several anhydrous rare-earth acetates and formates were measured. Deuteration studied aided in making the assignments for the COO stretching and the CH deformation vibrations in these compounds. Low frequency vibrations located in the region of 100–300 cm − lend support to a structure for these compounds possessing bidentate acetate and formate groups.
Assessment of radiological safety of Wolsung site at site boundary considering crack impact

Abstract The number of spent fuel storage facilities in the world continues to increase because of “Wait and See” policies and delay of a permanent disposal plan. The temporary spent fuel storage concept is changing to a pre-disposal storage concept. Strengthened safety concepts are required for expanded spent fuel storage facilities and sites. The Korea Hydro and Nuclear Power Company is planning to construct a reinforced concrete MACSTOR-400 facility at Wolsung. In concrete dry spent fuel storage structures, cracks can occur due to radiant heat and environmental chloride. The likelihood of cracking increases over time. Research on changes in shielding performance from one collinear crack in the surface of a concrete facility has been carried out. However there is no research about public radiological safety which considers the potential radiological impact from multiple cracks. Additionally, in cases where several nuclear facilities are operating at the same site, the total dose rate from the entire complex has to be maintained under dose rate criteria. This paper estimates the radiological safety of the Wolsung site, measured at the perimeter, considering crack impacts. The effects of cracks on dose rate from previous experiments, combined dose rate from all facilities at Wolsung and additional dose rate due to future expansion plans were considered. If the real geometry of the cask storage area (mutual shielding) is considered, the total dose rate expected at the site perimeter is reduced by about forty percent. It is estimated that regardless of crack formation the dose rate can be maintained within dose limits throughout the lifetime of the facility.
Risk factors for primary biliary cirrhosis in a cohort of patients from the United States

Although the etiology of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) remains unknown, environmental factors may act to trigger the disease in genetically susceptible hosts. To assess specific risk factors, we conducted a survey using standardized NHANES questions to 241 PBC patients in the United States, 261 of their siblings, and 141 friends without PBC. The overall response rate was 199 of 241 (83%) among PBC cases, 171 of 261 (67%) among siblings, and 141 of 225 (62. 7%) among friend controls. The female-to-male ratio among cases in this sample was approximately 10:1; the mean age was 53 years, and 97% were Caucasian. Other autoimmune diseases reported most frequently by PBC cases included Sjogren's syndrome (17.4%) and Raynaud's syndrome (12.5%). Approximately 6% of cases reported at least one family member with PBC. Adjusted odds ratios (OR) were elevated for cases compared with friends for other autoimmune diseases (OR = 4.92, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.38, 10.18), smoking (OR = 2.04, 95% CI = 1.10, 3.78), tonsillectomy (OR = 1.86, 95% CI = 1.02, 3.39), and vaginal or urinary tract infection (UTI) in females only (OR = 2.12, 95% CI = 1.10, 4.07). Similarly elevated ORs were observed for these risk factors when cases were compared with their siblings. The higher rate of UTI among cases is particularly interesting in light of previous data, and raises the possibility of an infectious etiology for PBC and of molecular mimicry as an etiologic mechanism. The significance of smoking in the multivariate models supports the findings of previous studies and raises the issue of the influence of smoking on a Th1 response.
Estimation of Primary and Secondary Particulate Matter Intake Fractions for Power Plants in Georgia

Air pollution benefit-cost analyses depend on dispersion models to predict population exposures to pollutants, but it is difficult to determine the reasonableness of the model estimates. This is in part because validation with field measurements is not feasible for marginal concentration changes and because few models can capture the necessary spatial and temporal domains with adequate sophistication. In this study, we use the concept of an intake fraction (the fraction of a pollutant or its precursor emitted that is eventually inhaled) to provide insight about population exposures and model performance. We apply CALPUFF, a regional-scale dispersion model common in health benefits assessments, to seven power plants in northern Georgia, considering both direct emissions of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and secondarily formed ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate particles over a domain within 500 km of Atlanta. We estimate emission-weighted average intake fractions of 6 × 10-7 for primary PM2.5, 2 × 10-7...
Redistribution of Na-K-ATPase in the dystrophic rat retinal pigment epithelium

Our previous studies have shown that a breakdown in tight junctions in the dystrophic retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) of Royal College of Surgeons' rats is accompanied by changes in intramembrane structure which suggest a redistribution of intramembrane particles. We have now investigated, using thep-nitrophenyl phosphate technique, the possibility that a specific membrane protein, Na-K-ATPase, is redistributed as tight junctions break down in the dystrophic RPE. In the normal RPE, Na-K-ATPase activity is restricted to the apical membrane. Junctional membranes and membranes around phagosomes are free of enzyme activity, suggesting a segregation of the transport enzyme from the Junctional and phagocytic membrane. In the dystrophic RPE, prior to changes in tight junctions, enzyme activity is restricted to the apical membrane. During the initial stages of Junctional breakdown, Junctional membranes and membranes around cytoplasmic inclusions are also labelled. As the breakdown progresses, Na-K-ATPase activity is often present laterally and basolaterally and is sometimes absent apically. Enzyme activity is seen basally only where RPE cells have detached from Bruch's membrane and are superimposed over each other. These changes suggest that Na-K-ATPase redistributes during junctional breakdown, but that attachments between the RPE and Bruch's membrane may restrict the redistribution. The apparent reduction of enzyme activity apically suggests that active transport across the dystrophic RPE may be reduced as the tight junctions break down.
Three-loop counterterms for extended supergravity

Abstract An invariant three-loop counterterm is exhibited for O(2) supergravity; its presence would imply nonrenormalizability. The analogous one-loop invariant due to O(2) supermatter coupling is also given. Involved are new conserved quantities due to the internal symmetry and to symmetry between fields separated by one spin unit.
HURRICANE IKE (2008) NEARSHORE WAVES: SIMULATIONS AND MEASUREMENTS

Hurricane Ike (2008) caused extensive damage and many deaths across portions of the Caribbean and along the coasts of Texas and Louisiana. After reaching peak intensity over the open waters of the Atlantic Ocean, Hurricane Ike, with its associated storm surge, then caused extensive damage across parts of the northwestern Gulf Coast when it made landfall in the late hours of September 12th along the upper Texas coast at the upper end of Category 2 intensity. An extensive instrumentation effort allowed the collection of both nearshore and inland wave and water level data as Hurricane Ike passed by the Louisiana and Texas coasts. This paper presents the results of a validation effort for the STWAVE model and the bottom friction coefficients applied in the model with comparisons to the Hurricane Ike measured wave data. STWAVE model results indicate good agreement with the measured nearshore wave data for an open water Manning ‘n’ bottom friction coefficient equal to 0.03 s/m0.33. STWAVE model results indicate good agreement with the measured inshore wave data with Manning ‘n’ bottom friction coefficients equal to values derived from land classification data and applied in the ADCIRC model.
Autonomy in a Poetic Voice: Zapatistas and Political Organizing in Los Angeles

For the last decade, the EZLN (Zapatista National Liberation Army) has breathed new life into modern concepts like democracy and the nation, invigorating urban social movements in their attempt to construct a new political culture in Mexico and beyond. This paper argues that the EZLN offers an actual “theory” of political organizing and decolonization that is not bound to the Indian countryside in Mexico. Many theorists have attempted to locate Zapatistas as either an ethnic or a peasant movement. Challenging Eurocentric and developmentalist theories of social change, subjectivity, and revolution, a number of interdisciplinary scholars such as Walter Mignolo have developed theoretical concepts such as “border thinking,” “border gnosis,” and “translanguaging” to explain the new type of movement embodied by the EZLN and the possibilities for building new movements here in the United States. I use data drawn from my research on Casa del Pueblo in Los Angeles to highlight the points that Mignolo and others make about cultural difference and social change.
Molecular beam epitaxial growth of doped oxide semiconductors

Molecular beam epitaxy coupled with the use of activated oxygen is shown to be a powerful tool for the growth of well-defined, structurally excellent oxide semiconductor films. The basics of the methodology are discussed. Several case studies are presented to illustrate some of the physical phenomena that can be investigated; these include Cr- and Co-doped TiO2 anatase, Ti-doped α-Fe2O3 hematite, and N-doped TiO2 rutile.
Effects of a Realistically Rough Surface on Vane Heat Transfer Including the Influence of Turbulence Condition and Reynolds Number

Heat transfer distributions are experimentally acquired and reported for a vane with both a smooth and a realistically rough surface. Surface heat transfer is investigated over a range of turbulence levels {low (0.7%), grid (8.5%), aero-combustor, (13.5%), and aero-combustor with decay (9.5%)} and a range of chord Reynolds numbers {ReC = 500,000, 1,000,000, and 2,000,000}. The realistically rough surface distribution was generated by Brigham Young University’s accelerated deposition facility. The surface is intended to represent a TBC surface which has accumulated 7500 hours of operation with particulate deposition due to a mainstream concentration of 0.02 ppmw. The realistically rough surface was scaled by 11 times for consistency with the vane geometry and cast using a high thermal conductivity epoxy (k = 2.1 W/m/K) to comply with the vane geometry. The surface was applied over the foil heater covering the vane pressure surface and about 10% of the suction surface. The 958 by 573 roughness array generated by Brigham Young on a 9.5 by 5.7 mm region was averaged to a 320 by 191 array for fabrication. The calculated surface roughness parameters of this scaled and averaged array included the maximum roughness, Rt = 1.99 mm, the average roughness, Ra = 0.25 mm and the average forward facing angle, αf = 3.974°. The peak to valley roughness, Rz, was determined to be 0.784 mm. The sand grain roughness of the surface (ks = 0.466 mm) was estimated using a correlation offered by Bons [1]. Based on estimates of skin friction coefficient using a turbulence correlation with the vane chord Reynolds numbers representative values for the surface’s roughness Reynolds number are 23, 43, and 80 for the three exit condition Reynolds numbers tested. Smooth vane heat transfer distributions exhibited significant laminar region augmentation with the elevated turbulence levels. Turbulence also caused early transition on the pressure surface for the higher Reynolds numbers. The rough surface had no significant affect on heat transfer in the laminar regions but did cause early transition on the pressure surface in every case.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Influence of modern land cover on the climate of the United States

I have used a high-resolution nested climate modeling system to test the sensitivity of regional and local climate to the modern non-urban land cover distribution of the continental United States. The dominant climate response is cooling of surface air temperatures, particularly during the warm-season. Areas of statistically significant cooling include areas of the Great Plains where crop/mixed farming has replaced short grass, areas of the Midwest and southern Texas where crop/mixed farming has replaced interrupted forest, and areas of the western United States containing irrigated crops. This statistically significant warm-season cooling is driven by changes in both surface moisture balance and surface albedo, with changes in surface moisture balance dominating in the Great Plains and western United States, changes in surface albedo dominating in the Midwest, and both effects contributing to warm-season cooling over southern Texas. The simulated changes in surface moisture and energy fluxes also influence the warm-season atmospheric dynamics, creating greater moisture availability in the lower atmosphere and enhanced uplift aloft, consistent with the enhanced warm-season precipitation seen in the simulation with modern land cover. The local and regional climate response is of a similar magnitude to that projected for future greenhouse gas concentrations, suggesting that the climatic effects of land cover change should be carefully considered when crafting policies for regulating land use and for managing anthropogenic forcing of the climate system.
"Muffin-Tin" Potential in Band Calculations

A prescription is given for defining a potential for use in augmented-plane-wave and Green's-function band calculations.
Dance in the shadow of the guillotine

Ballet changed dramatically during the French Revolution. Judith Chazin-Bennahum reveals how the cold, stylized dance movements and weighted ornamental costumes of the 18th-century court ballets developed into the ballet of the Romantic movement, where dancers wore lightweight costumes that allowed them to flow freely across the stage and take to the air.Chazin-Bennahum studies the "livrets "(printed scenarios) of ballets performed in Paris from 1787 to 1801 to illustrate how dance reflected the social and political upheaval of the French Revolution. Ballet s main characters changed from mythological heroes and heroines to the heroes of the Revolution. She examines three major types of ballets and their sources to document these changes: ballets based on classical mythology; ballets inspired by the revolutionary spirit; and ballets rooted in middle-class themes from pastoral drama, traditional comedy, and exotic settings."
AN EXAMINATION OF OFFENSE SPECIALIZATION USING MARGINAL LOGIT MODELS

Research on offense specialization has concluded that there is a great deal of versatility in offending. Although the preponderance of evidence supports versatility, some research points to a small but significant tendency to specialize. Beyond this observation there is little consensus over the degree of offense specialization, the similarities and differences between people who commit violent acts and those who engage in other criminal behavior, or the extent to which general causal processes are sufficient to explain variation in diverse forms of crime and delinquency. At the heart of the confusion is the fact that criminal behaviors across a wide spectrum are positively correlated with one another. In our opinion, the conclusion that general offending trumps offense specialization is the result of research designs that predetermined such a conclusion. We propose an alternative method, marginal logit modeling, that supports many desirable features suited to the investigation of offense specialization. We analyze nine self-reported delinquent behaviors (with a tenth category representing “No Offense”) from the Add Health study. We show that violent offenders are more likely to engage in additional violent offenses, nonviolent offenders are more likely to engage in additional nonviolent offenses. For some offense types, we find no evidence of a tendency to commit both violent and nonviolent offending. For others, the offense generalization effect is weak compared to the offense specialization effect.
Studies on a glucuronolactone decarboxylase.

1. 1. A particle-free enzyme system of rat kidney has been prepared which is capable of decarboxylating GL and GLA. When fortified with UTP, TPP, DPN, ATP and Mg++ maximal effects are obtained. The reaction is aerobic. 2. 2. The enzyme system yields approximately 12% of CO2 which is predominantly derived from carbon-6 of GL and GLA. Increased yields may be obtained by further addition of enzyme.
On Sociological Writing

It is widely thought, both inside and outside our profession, that sociologists do not express themselves very well. The critic Malcolm Cowley complained years ago that the wisdoms of sociology, such as they are, tend to be conveyed "in a language that has to be learned almost like Esperanto." And Edmund Wilson, who once toyed with the idea that the writing of every specialist in the university should be reviewed by professors of English, doubted that sociologists would ever be able to survive such a test. Exposing the defects of sociological writing is a literary sport of long standing.
Classification of tropical oceanic precipitation using high-altitude aircraft microwave and electric field measurements

A physically intuitive and computationally simple precipitation mapping algorithm has been developed for use with the airborne Advanced Microwave Precipitation Radiometer (AMPR). The algorithm is based on microwave emission and scattering properties of precipitation. Specifically, emission by liquid water allows increasing brightness temperatures at low frequencies to be interpreted as increasing rain rates. Scattering by large hydrometeors (particularly graupel and hail) causes relative minima in the brightness temperatures, with progressively larger hydrometeors scattering progressively longer wavelengths. The vigor of convection is therefore ascertained according to which wavelengths are being significantly scattered. The combination of emission and scattering information from four microwave channels is used to assign a precipitation category, which is related to the liquid rain rate, the vertical extent of precipitation, and the vigor of convection. The qualitative precipitation categories output by the passive microwave algorithm have been verified using coincident radar (ER-2 Doppler Radar - EDOP) and electric field measurements (Lightning Instrument Package - LIP). These coincident measurements can subsequently be used to quantify rain rates, hydrometeor contents, and vertical profiles that are typical for each precipitation category. This algorithm has been developed using an airborne platform. Comparisons are being made with other airborne, satellite, and ground-based radar and radiometer data. This technique shows promise both as a research tool and potentially as a real-time analysis tool, which could be applied to either traditional or uninhabited aerial vehicles.
Systemic Change for School Improvement

Despite the nationwide emphasis on school improvement, the complexities of accomplishing desired systemic changes have been given short shrift in policy, research, training, and practice. This article focuses on the problem of expanding school improvement planning to better address how schools and districts intendto accomplish designated changes. Specifically, weframe and outline some basic considerations related to systemic change, and, to encourage a greater policy discussion of the complexities of implementing major school improvements on a large scale, we propose a set of policy actions.
Developmental and individual differences in performance on phonological synthesis tasks

This study was conducted in order to examine the role of individual differences in working memory and lexical access in accounting for age and reading skill related differences in performance on phonological synthesis tasks. The performance of 28 kindergarten, first-, and second-grade children with normal reading skills, as well as that of 28 reading-disabled second graders, was compared under four testing conditions. The testing conditions were formed by completely crossing rate of presentation of phoneme strings with type of stimulus to be blended (real or nonword). Both independent variables affected performance on the blending tasks, with better performance obtained at faster presentation rates and with real words. There was a developmental discontinuity in overall performance, with the kindergarten children obtaining substantially lower scores than the first or second graders. In the comparison of second-grade good and poor readers, there was a significant interaction between groups, presentation rates, and type of stimulus. The findings are discussed in terms of their implications for a general model of performance on the sound blending task, as well as their value for interpreting individual differences on the task.
INORGANIC ION EXCHANGERS, PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE

ABSTRACT The search for inorganic ion exchangers that would be stable to ionizing radiation and elevated temperatures began with the advent of nuclear technology in the 1940's. Research has continued unabated since then producing many dozens of such compounds both synthetic and natural. Several of the important groups of these exchangers are described and their utility as highly selective sorbents described. A brief introduction to inorganic-organic products is presented with the emphasis that they permit the design of new types of exchangers. Many current and projected applications of these materials are described.
Advocacy and Empowerment: Group Therapy for LGBT Asylum Seekers

In countries worldwide, LGBT individuals are subject to persecution and discrimination, including grave human rights violations based on their sexual orientation or gender identity. Asylum provides a mechanism for LGBT individuals fleeing such persecution to legally remain in the United States. However, asylum is not guaranteed, and the asylum-seeking process may be particularly challenging for individuals with complex trauma histories. Although many LGBT asylum seekers are referred to individual psychotherapy by their legal counsel to prepare for the asylum process and to mitigate risks for retraumatization, many decline due to fear, shame, and cultural barriers, among other factors. Thus, we offer a model of group therapy for LGBT asylum seekers, rooted in multicultural and empowerment frameworks, which aims to address the unique concerns and challenges faced by LGBT asylum seekers. These include recovery from the effects of complex trauma, managing the stress of immigration and acculturation, minimizin...
Getting Beyond the Robot Model of the Child Care Worker

Abstract One of the greatest challenges in the field of child care is the recruitment of appropriately qualified personnel. In this article, Peters and Getz discuss special considerations that need to be taken in selection of child care workers. They show that the developmental approach is applicable to adults as well as children in their proposal for a “human development” model of recruitment and selection.
Combining wilcoxon tests with censored data: An application to well water contamination

A sampled data set can often be classified into several groups, say K, defined by covariates. While within each group it is usually reasonable to assume that the observations are homogeneous, group effects are frequently far from being negligible. Suppose it is of interest to compare two treatments non-parametrically. A rank test is naturally called for within each group. However, the group effects, in location as well as in scale, prevent the rank test from being carried out with pooled data across the groups. A suitable way to compare treatments is to combine the K independent rank tests, one from each group. The key to such a combining procedure is a good weighting scheme which typically is a function of the sample sizes and sample dispersion. In order to use the combined statistic for testing, the weights need to be consistent so that inferences can be made based on the asymptotic null distribution of the combined test statistic. However, when there are censored observations, non-parametric consistent estimators of dispersion parameters are usually nonexistent because of the lack of tail information. Zhang offered a method of accommodating the consistency problem through estimating the ratios of group dispersion parameters. The consistency of the weights are supported by the consistency of the quantile estimation based on Kaplan–Meier estimators. The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, of statistical interest, it is to illustrate the application of the general method proposed by Zhang with some well water contamination data. Second, of environmental interest, it is shown that application of fertilizer increases the level of nitrate contamination in water from shallow wells.
Food Poisoning and Diarrhea: Small Intestine Effects

Transmission of foodborne pathogens remains a growing concern despite increasing public awareness and heightened federal measures to control infection. Over 76 million cases of acute diarrhea secondary to ingestion of contaminated food occur annually in the United States. Fortunately, most are self-limited and resolve without therapy, but up to 6000 deaths occur on an annual basis. Mechanisms of infection include consumption of a preformed toxin, formation of toxin following ingestion, and direct invasion of intestinal epithelial cells by the infecting organism. Diagnosis is most often confirmed through an accurate history, as cultures are often of low yield.
How much of a topical agent should be prescribed for children of different sizes

Background: Compared with guidelines for the quantity of topical corticosteroids to apply in adults, standards for the use of topical corticosteroids in children are not well described. Objective: ...
The effect of ribonuclease on the replicative forms of Sindbis virus RNA.

Three species of double-stranded RNA, designated RF I, RF II, and RF III in order of decreasing size (25), are produced by ribonuclease treatment of extracts of chicken embryo cells infected for 6 hours with Sindbis virus. Only one class of replicative form RNA is present in extracts not treated with ribonuclease; this class contains some molecules which can be enzymatically cleaved to produce the other two replicative forms. At a low level of enzyme (0.001 µg/ml) the major species obtained was RF I, the replicative form of the genome. When the enzyme concentration was increased 10-, 100-, and 1000-fold, there was a progressive increase in the proportions of RF's II and III and a concomitant decrease in the proportion of RF I. The generation of RF's II and III by nuclease resulted in the ratio expected for these two species if they are produced by cleavage of RF I-like molecules. In preparations of isolated double-stranded RNA, only RF I and replicative intermediate RNA were present. Mild nuclease treatment of these preparations converted the replicative intermediates primarily to RF I. Higher enzyme levels generated greater proportions of RF II and RF III, but RF I-like molecules were the major source for these increased proportions. Treatment of the isolated naturally occurring replicative form with 0.01 µg of ribonuclease per ml cleaved some molecules migrating as RF I during gel electrophoresis into molecules which migrated as RF II and RF III.
High resolution structures of an oxidized and reduced flavoprotein. The water switch in a soluble form of (S)-mandelate dehydrogenase.

The crystal structures of a soluble mutant of the flavoenzyme mandelate dehydrogenase (MDH) from Pseudomonas putida and of the substrate-reduced enzyme have been analyzed at 1.35-A resolution. The mutant (MDH-GOX2) is a fully active chimeric enzyme in which residues 177-215 of the membrane-bound MDH are replaced by residues 176-195 of glycolate oxidase from spinach. Both structures permit full tracing of the polypeptide backbone chain from residues 4-356, including a 4-residue segment that was disordered in an earlier study of the oxidized protein at 2.15 A resolution. The structures of MDH-GOX2 in the oxidized and reduced states are virtually identical with only a slight increase in the bending angle of the flavin ring upon reduction. The only other structural changes within the protein interior are a 10° rotation of an active site tyrosine side chain, the loss of an active site water, and a significant movement of six other water molecules in the active site by 0.45 to 0.78 A. Consistent with solution studies, there is no apparent binding of either the substrate, mandelate, or the oxidation product, benzoylformate, to the reduced enzyme. The observed structural changes upon enzyme reduction have been interpreted as a rearrangement of the hydrogen bonding pattern within the active site that results from binding of a proton to the N-5 position of the anionic hydroquinone form of the reduced flavin prosthetic group. Implications for the low oxidase activity of the reduced enzyme are also discussed.
Enterprise information mashups: integrating information, simply

There is a fundamental transformation that is taking place on the web around information composition through mashups. We first describe this transformation and then assert that this will also affect enterprise architectures. Currently the state-of-the-art in enterprises around information composition is federation and other integration technologies. These scale well, and are well worth the upfront investment for enterprise class, long-lived applications. However, there are many information composition tasks that are not currently well served by these architectures. The needs of Situational Applications (i.e. applications that come together for solving some immediate business problems) are one such set of tasks. Augmenting structured data with unstructured information is another such task. Our hypothesis is that a new class of integration technologies will emerge to serve these tasks, and we call it an enterprise information mashup fabric. In the talk, we discuss the information management primitives that are needed for this fabric, the various options that exist for implementation, and pose several, currently unanswered, research questions.
Upper and Lower Bakken Shale Production Contribution to the Middle Bakken Reservoir

There is an uncertainty over the production contribution from the Upper and Lower (UL therefore, the findings suggest that the phenomena of desorption and diffusion are expected to play a crucial role in the anticipated production-contribution. Introduction The Bakken Formation lies within the oil-window of the vast Williston Basin, which extends over the regions of North Dakota, Montana and the Canadian province of Saskatchewan (Figure 1). The production history of the Bakken wells in Figure 2 suggests that before year 2000, most Bakken wells provided marginal economic success, partially because of extremely low matrix permeability (0.0001-.01 mD) and meager chances of exploiting the many localized natural fractures with a vertical well. Commercial production and development activities have become increasingly economically viable in recent years with the advances in horizontal drilling and the use of multi-stage fracture stimulation. In the month of March, in 2013, the Bakken play in North Dakota alone produced with an average daily rate of 0.71 Million BOPD and 681 MMSCF of gas per day. Bakken play is commonly referred to as shale, but originally it has a dolomitic siltstone lithology. It is generally divided into three main members: 1) Upper organic-rich black shale, 2) Middle silty dolostone to fine-grained sandstone, and 3) Lower organic-rich black shale. The U&L organic-rich shale members are believed to be the source rock, which have expelled oil into the low-porosity and low-permeability Middle Bakken layer. The tight Middle Bakken reservoir with extensive horizontal drilling operations is the focus of the current production and development activities. The horizontal laterals are drilled to multi-mile length and stimulated using the multistage
Computational prediction and experimental verification of new MAP kinase docking sites and substrates including Gli transcription factors.

In order to fully understand protein kinase networks, new methods are needed to identify regulators and substrates of kinases, especially for weakly expressed proteins. Here we have developed a hybrid computational search algorithm that combines machine learning and expert knowledge to identify kinase docking sites, and used this algorithm to search the human genome for novel MAP kinase substrates and regulators focused on the JNK family of MAP kinases. Predictions were tested by peptide array followed by rigorous biochemical verification with in vitro binding and kinase assays on wild-type and mutant proteins. Using this procedure, we found new ‘D-site’ class docking sites in previously known JNK substrates (hnRNP-K, PPM1J/PP2Czeta), as well as new JNK-interacting proteins (MLL4, NEIL1). Finally, we identified new D-site-dependent MAPK substrates, including the hedgehog-regulated transcription factors Gli1 and Gli3, suggesting that a direct connection between MAP kinase and hedgehog signaling may occur at the level of these key regulators. These results demonstrate that a genome-wide search for MAP kinase docking sites can be used to find new docking sites and substrates.
Weakly non-linear bifurcation analysis of pattern formation in strained alloy film growth

We consider a model for the growth of alloy films that includes surface diffusion, the effect of stresses due to misfit and stresses due to composition gradients when the alloy components have different sizes. Linear stability theory predicts a bifurcation from the planar homogeneous film to a non-planar compositionally modulated film at a critical deposition rate. In this paper, we perform a weakly non-linear bifurcation analysis of hexagonal and band patterns using an asymptotic analysis of the system close to its critical state. A novel feature of the analysis is that the formulation of the adjoint problem involves the solution of the composition-driven elasticity problem in the presence of surface diffusion and requires multiple scales in the growth direction. Our results characterize the transcritical bifurcation to hexagons and the pitchfork bifurcation to bands near threshold. Finally, we apply our results to the growth of Si 1-X Ge X films on Si 0.5 Ge 0.5 substrates and describe how the amplitude of surface undulations and the amplitude of compositional modulations corresponding to hexagons and bands depend on Ge composition.
Additional adverse events among women exposed to intimate partner violence: Frequency and impact

Objective: To assess additional adverse life events that women exposed to intimate partner violence (IPV) may have endured and to ascertain whether, and in what ways, problems in adjustment are related more to IPV or to IPV plus other adverse life events. Method: Predictors of the effects of exposure to adversities were investigated in this study of 104 women exposed to severe IPV who reported conflict tactics, adverse life events, as well as symptoms of distress. Results: The majority of participants experienced additional adversities (86%). Significant differences were found between those exposed to IPV-only and those exposed to IPV plus other adverse events in terms of IPV frequency and current symptoms of distress. Women with IPV plus other adverse events had twice as many physical assaults and 4 times as many sexual assaults from an intimate partner compared to IPV-only women. The number of adverse events contributed significantly to variance in trauma symptoms over and above that of exposure to IPV alone. Women exposed to additional events had approximately twice as many avoidance and physiological arousal symptoms as IPV-only women. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest a variety of implications for IPV treatment and interventions. Specifically, the role that additional interpersonal violence, especially sexual violence, plays in the expression of distress may relate to the type of service offered to the survivor. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)
Aging alters the perception and physiological representation of frequency: evidence from human frequency-following response recordings.

Abstract Older adults, even with clinically normal hearing sensitivity, have auditory perceptual deficits relative to their younger counterparts. This difficulty may in part, be related to a decline in the neural representation of frequency. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of age on behavioral and physiological measures of frequency representation. Thirty two adults (ages 22–77), with hearing thresholds ⩽25 dB HL at octave frequencies 0.25–8.0 kHz, participated in this experiment. Frequency discrimination difference limens (FDLs) were obtained at 500 and 1000 Hz using a two-interval, two-alternative forced choice procedure. Linear regression analyses showed significant declines in FDLs at both frequencies as age increased. Frequency-following responses (FFRs) were elicited by 500 and 1000 Hz tonebursts, as well as at frequencies within and outside those FDLs. Linear regression of FFR phase coherence and FFR amplitude at frequencies at and slightly below 1000 Hz showed significant decreases as age increased. Therefore, pitch discrimination, as measured by FDLs, and neural representation of frequency, as reflected by FFR, declined as age increased. Although perception and neural representation concurrently declined, one was not predictive of the other.
Rangeland Monitoring Using Remote Sensing

Monitoring vast landscapes has, from the beginning of rangeland management, depended on people's judgements. This is no longer tenable, but a more effective method has yet to be devised. The problem is how to do an economical inventory that will detect ecologically important change over extensive land areas with acceptable error rates. The error risk is a function of adequate sample numbers and distribution for each indicator monitored. Of all of the indicators identified for monitoring, ground cover and its inverse, bare ground, may be the most discussed. Ground-cover measurements address soil stability and watershed function which are first-priority ecological concerns; are well adapted to remote sensing frameworks thus allowing extensive, unbiased, economical sampling; and, the measurements, especially when done by computer image analysis, have the potential to reduce or avoid the human-judgement factor. Data collection through remote sensing appears the most logical approach to acquiring appropriately...
Evaluation of the in vivo biodistribution of indium-111 and yttrium-88 labeled dendrimer-1B4M-DTPA and its conjugation with anti-Tac monoclonal antibody.

We evaluated the in vivo biodistribution of indium- and yttrium-labeled second-generation polyamidoamine dendrimer (PAMAM) conjugated with 2-(p-isothiocyanatobenzyl)-6-methyl-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (1B4M), a derivative of DTPA. In addition, we conjugated PAMAM-1B4M to humanized anti-Tac IgG (HuTac) and evaluated its in vitro and in vivo properties. PAMAM-1B4M was labeled with 111In at 37−48 MBq/mg (1.0−1.3 mCi/mg) or with 88Y at 3.7−4.8 MBq/mg (0.1−0.13 mCi/mg), and an aliquot of radiolabeled conjugate was saturated with the corresponding stable yttrium or indium. Nontumor-bearing nude mice were injected intravenously with 55.5−66.6 kBq (1.5−1.8 μCi) of 88Y-labeled PAMAM-1B4M or with 185 kBq (5 μCi) of 111In-labeled PAMAM-1B4M. The mice were then sacrificed at 15 min, 90 min, 1 day, and 4 days postinjection. Then the PAMAM-1B4M was conjugated with HuTac and labeled with 111In at 111−259 MBq/mg (3−7 mCi/mg). Another preparation of 111In-labeled HuTac-PAMAM-1B4M was saturated with stable indium....
Activation of Heat Shock Protein 70 Promoter with meso-Tetrahydroxyphenyl Chlorin Photodynamic Therapy Reported by Green Fluorescent Protein In Vitro and In Vivo¶

Abstract Cellular responses to photodynamic therapy (PDT) include induction of heat shock proteins (HSP). We examined meso-tetrahydroxyphenyl chlorin (mTHPC) PDT–mediated HSP activation in EMT6 cells stably transfected with a plasmid containing the gene for green fluorescent protein (GFP) driven by an hsp70 promoter. mTHPC incubation induced concentration-dependent GFP expression. Irradiation of cells exposed to a sensitizer concentration that induced a slight increase in GFP and no loss of cell viability resulted in fluence-dependent GFP accumulation. In response to drug only and to PDT, GFP levels increased to a maximum of four- to five-fold above control levels with increasing drug or fluence and then decreased at higher doses. A trypan blue–exclusion assay confirmed that decreased GFP levels in both cases were due to a loss of cell viability. For initial evaluation in vivo, HSP70/GFP–transfected EMT6 tumors were grown in BALB/c mice and subjected to mTHPC-PDT with a fluence of 1 J/cm2. Six hours after...
Two-Photon Excitation of di-4-ANEPPS for Optical Recording of Action Potentials in Rabbit Heart

Cardiac action potentials have been measured with single-photon excitation (SPE) of transmembrane voltage-sensitive fluorescent dye. Two-photon excitation (TPE) may have advantages for localization and depth of the tissue region from which the action potential is measured. However measurements of action potentials with SPE have not been demonstrated. We sought to develop a method for TPE of di-4-ANEPPS and test whether the method yields voltage-dependent fluorescence in cardiac tissue. We modified our SPE and ratio-metric fluorescence recording system to use a femtosecond pulsed near-infrared laser. Modifications were made to enhance fluorescence collection efficiency and to block infrared laser light from entering the fluorescence collection system. Fluorescence was collected simultaneously in green (510-570 nm) and red (590-700 nm) wavelength bands. Action potentials were observed in the ratio of the green signal to the red signal, but were not observed above the noise level in either of the individual signals. Incorporation of a common-mode noise subtraction method revealed action potentials in green and red signals. We also found that the di-4-ANEPPS fluorescence emission spectrum for TPE at 930 nm was similar to the emission spectrum for SPE at 488 nm. The multiphoton method may be beneficial for highly localized cardiac optical measurements.
Depression and immunity: clinical factors and therapeutic course ☆

Abstract While many reports describe associations between depressive disorders and altered immunity, findings have not been fully consistent. Diagnostic subtype, demographic factors such as age and gender, medical characteristics, and the immune measures selected for assessment may have contributed to the heterogeneous findings. In a study of 21 medically healthy young adults with major depression, we found, consistent with previous reports, evidence of increased lymphocyte activation to mitogen challenge and decreased natural killer (NK) cell numbers and function during acute depression. Fifteen subjects were followed longitudinally. T, CD4 + , CD29 + , and CD45RA + lymphocytes and T-cell mitogen responses decreased significantly ( P + cells. The longitudinal effects appeared unrelated to tricyclic antidepressant levels. Changes in the immune system with short-term clinical improvement in depressed patients are not uniform providing further evidence that several mechanisms are involved in the altered immunity associated with clinical depression.
Anisotropy of cyclotron resonance in germanium

Synppsis The effective masses of holes and electrons have been measured by means of cyclotron resonance experiments as a function of crystal orientation. The measurements were made at 4.2°K at 8,900 and 23,000 Mc/sec using infrared illumination of the crystals. The results are consistent with a model for the bottom of the conduction band in which the energy surfaces in the Brillouin zone consist of eight ellipsoids of revolution along the [111] axes. From the experiments it was deduced that the longitudinal mass m1 = 1.4 m0 and the transverse mass ṁ2 = 0.083 m0, where m0 is the free electron mass. Two peaks were observed for holes corresponding to effective masses m*1 and m*2. m*1 was nearly isotropic at m*1 = 0.042 m0. m*2 showed an anisotropy given approximately by m 2 ∗ ≈ m 0 [ 0.357 − 0.017 ( 1 − 3 cos 2 θ ) 2 ] where ϑ is the angle between the [001]direction and the magnetic field in the (110) plane. The results are consistent with a model for the constant energy surfaces in the Brillouin zone at the top of the valence band, consisting of two sets of surfaces, for which the energy, e, as a function of the wave vector k is: e = − ℏ 2 2 m 0 { 13.6 k 2 ± 146 k 4 − 63 ( k x 4 + k y 4 + k z 4 ) }
Health and budget reform as handmaidens.

Meeting almost any new major federal budget priority—for children, the elderly, energy independence, budget balance, or even the uninsured—soon will be nearly impossible if health costs grow as projected. Budget-driven reforms in health policy, therefore, are almost inevitable for any president seeking to set new national priorities. Those health reforms must confront the fundamental budgetary flaw of health policy: creation of decision-making structures and incentives that look mainly to benefits while shifting costs freely to others. All players need more reliable mechanisms for making choices reasonably, albeit no longer for open-ended consumption of care or payment to providers.
Reinventing marcom for the new marketplace

Purpose – The purpose of this viewpoint is to raise the issue of the development of marketing communication in and for emerging markets.Design/methodology/approach – This is a conceptual piece which is not supported by formal research. It is based on existing literature and the experience of the author. Previous experience, writings, consulting and teaching are the primary base for the discussion. Suggestions and recommendations for further research and development are made.Findings – This work suggests that present western models are inappropriate, therefore, it provides an alternative view and a new conceptual model. The model developed has been based on the needs and requirements of emerging markets and is presented and discussed.Practical implications – This viewpoint provides practitioners with a new, practical way to consider and develop marketing communication programs in emerging markets. It also provides the academic community with a conceptual model which can be tested and refined over time. Thu...