cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Note on the Histopathology of Infectious Avian Laryngotracheitis

Abstract SPONTANEOUS outbreaks of an acute laryngotracheitis syndrome in chickens have been recognized in Illinois since 1923. The disease has occurred in farm flocks, broiler feeding plants, poultry fattening and concentration stations, and in recent years an acute respiratory disease has invaded chicks under a month of age in commercial hatcheries. The exudative laryngeal lesions in young chicks are, however, less pronounced. A similar disease in mature fowls, designated as bronchitis, tracheitis, or Canadian flu was reported by Gwatkin (1924) in Canada, in Missouri by Eriksen (1924), in Kansas by Hinshaw (1924), in Rhode Island by May and Tittsler (1925), in California by Beach (1926), and in North Dakota by Schalk (1931). EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES Chickens suffering from acute laryngotracheitis in different outbreaks of the disease referred to the Illinois Agricultural Experiment Station for diagnosis have been the subject of different studies which may be briefly summarized as follows: a. Subacute laryngotracheitis. . . .
LPV decoupling for multivariable control system design

The paper explores methods for decoupled linear parameter varying (LPV) control. The proposed approach seeks to benefit the multi-variable control of multi-input multi-output (MIMO) systems with variable operating conditions, variable parameters or nonlinear behavior. The method can improve the performance and reduce the variability of such MIMO systems with significant coupling in the system dynamics. We design MIMO decoupled feedback LPV controllers to address coupling effects. In particular, the method uses a parameter-dependent static inversion or SVD decomposition of the system to minimize the effects of the off-diagonal terms in the MIMO system transfer function matrix. The parameter-dependent decoupling matrices are selected along with the appropriate LPV controller design to guarantee the closed-loop performance specifications. A new parameter-dependent interaction measure is also introduced based on SVD decomposition and static inversion and is examined for the adaptive control design purposes to address the variability and coupling of the multivariable systems.
The morphological structure of complex place names: the case of Dutch

In the theoretical literature, it is generally assumed that place names are morphologically simplex, at least from a synchronic perspective. This derives from the observation that constituents of complex place names often become opaque over time. Along these lines, place names like Dutch Amsterdam cannot be synchronically compositional because Amster- does not exist as an independent morpheme in Dutch. Contrary to this view, this paper argues that many (Dutch) place names are in fact synchronically complex, in spite of their semantic non-transparency. Evidence comes from the phonological behavior of the names in question: in Dutch, place names are often the sole apparent exceptions to otherwise strong restrictions on stress assignment and phonotactics. Yet under close inspection, it becomes evident that these names are not phonologically exceptional at all: they display regular phonological behavior that is characteristic of morphologically complex words, derived via suffixation or compounding. Furthermore, it is argued that the complex structures found in Dutch place names are by no means idiosyncratic to this group of words: similar patterns are found in place naming in various other languages as well as in the formation of some types of nominal compounds in Dutch (such as the formation of names for ball games).
Temporal variations in the pattern of breathing

Breath-to-breath variations in the pattern of breathing can occur as uncorrelated random variations (“white noise”), correlated random changes, or as one of two types of nonrandom variations: perio...
Two-cycle timed-sequential chemotherapy for adult acute nonlymphocytic leukemia

Based on a series of clinical and laboratory studies of leukemia cell kinetics and responses to chemotherapy, we have developed an intensive timed-sequential regimen of daunorubicin and high-dose infusion 1-beta- D-arabinofuranosyl cytosine for the treatment of adult acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. Of the first 34 patients achieving complete remission (CR) with a single cycle of this therapy, four (12%) remain in complete remission without further therapy after a minimum of five years of follow-up. Treatment of relapsed patients with a second course of the same regimen at relapse and no chemotherapy in second remission increased to seven (21%) the number of patients expected to remain in remission for four years or more from their last chemotherapy. Beginning in 1980, however, we gave all consenting adults a second cycle of this chemotherapy in early first remission. Of the first 25 patients treated with a second cycle of this chemotherapy in early first remission, there was one toxic death, but 11 patients (44%) remain in CR with a median follow-up of almost three years.
Racial/Ethnic Disparities in the Utilization of High-Technology Hospitals

Introduction Hospitals with high-technology services may have better outcomes. However, access to high-technology hospitals might not be uniform across racial/ethnic groups. This study examined if racial/ethnic minorities, compared to whites, are less likely to utilize hospitals that have the availability of technology services and infrastructure items such as computed tomography, positron emission tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, diagnostics radiation facility, and a level 1 trauma unit. Methods Data were obtained from the 2003 Healthcare Cost & Utilization Project’s Nationwide Inpatient Sample and the 2003 American Hospital Association’s annual survey data. The sample consisted of 3 381324 patients admitted to and discharged from 368 hospitals in 18 states in the United States. Results Logistic regression results suggest that Hispanic patients are less likely than whites to utilize high-technology hospitals when controlling for other factors (odds ratio[OR], 0.47; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.28-0.79). Conclusions Our study adds empirical evidence that significant gaps persist in access to care between minorities and whites. Particularly, access to high-technology hospitals for Hispanics appears to be a major problem.
Congruence Properties of Certain Restricted Partitions

(1974). Congruence Properties of Certain Restricted Partitions. Mathematics Magazine: Vol. 47, No. 3, pp. 154-156.
Conformity Behavior of Managers and Their Wives

This study investigated the relationship between company orientation toward managers' wives and conformity behavior of managers and wives. The findings indicate that managers and their wives are re...
Averages on the Move

This note is concerned with how averages change when the items being averaged are transformed in a simple way. To make this more explicit we remind the reader of the definitions of four basic averages or means. Then we turn to a specific example, using the Celsius and Fahrenheit temperature scales to illustrate the problems involved. Denote the arithmetic mean, geometric mean, harmonic mean, and the root mean square by A, G, H, and R, respectively. For a set { a,, a2,... , a,1 ) of positive real numbers these four means may be defined by the equations
Visible-Light Photochemical Activity of Heterostructured Core–Shell Materials Composed of Selected Ternary Titanates and Ferrites Coated by TiO2

Heterostructured photocatalysts comprised of microcrystalline (mc-) cores and nanostructured (ns-) shells were prepared by the sol–gel method. The ability of titania-coated ATiO3 (A = Fe, Pb) and AFeO3 (A = Bi, La, Y) catalysts to degrade methylene blue in visible light (λ > 420 nm) was compared. The catalysts with the titanate cores had enhanced photocatalytic activities for methylene blue degradation compared to their components alone, whereas the catalysts with ferrite cores did not. The temperature at which the ns-titania shell is crystallized influences the photocatalytic dye degradation. mc-FeTiO3/ns-TiO2 annealed at 500 °C shows the highest reaction rate. Fe-doped TiO2, which absorbs visible light, did not show enhanced photocatalytic activity for methylene blue degradation. This result indicates that iron contamination is not a decisive factor in the reduced reactivity of the titania coated ferrite catalysts. The higher reactivity of materials with the titanate cores suggests that photogenerated c...
The future of weight management.

The Office of Research on Women's Health (ORWH) was established within the National Institutes of Health in 1990, in response to the acknowledged need for women to participate directly in medical research. The earliest undertaking was the development of a research agenda to identify and address gaps in our understanding of women's health and to actively recruit women and minorities into clinical studies. As part of its educational outreach efforts, the ORWH coordinates health seminars to share the latest research on health topics of current concern to women. In 1998, the Women's Health Seminar Series, "Women's Health Research for the 21st Century," included the Women's Health Initiative with the focus on hormone replacement therapy and chronic pain conditions, among other topics. With this issue, the Journal of Women's Health & Gender-Based Medicine continues publication of the presentation summaries. The last of the series, "The Future of Weight Management," follows. The ORWH committee members responsibl...
Virulence Factors of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli

Further evidence for the role of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli as an etiologic agent of diarrhea is presented. A retrospective study of 71 cases of diarrhea in Mexican children demonstrated that greater than 40% of them harbored E. coli that produced heat-labile and/or heat-stable enterotoxin. The antigenic surface-associated colonization factor of E. coli strain H-10407 has been further characterized: this pilus-like antigen is produced under conditions of growth that repress the production of common pili of E. coli. The E. coli H-10407-type colonization factor pilus has been identified as one of the antigens possessed by a strain of E. coli that produced only heat-stable enterotoxin and that was responsible for an outbreak of pediatric diarrhea.
Diastereoselective Attack on Chiral-at-Metal Ruthenium Allenylidene Complexes To Give Alkynyl Complexes

New chiral ruthenium(II) allenylidene complexes were synthesized, and their reactivity with nucleophiles to give alkynyl complexes was investigated. The new allenylidene complex (RRu,Rax)-[Ru(Ind)(PPh3)(6){═C═C═C(t-Bu)(2-naphthyl)}]+PF6– was synthesized from the chloro precursor complex (RRu,Rax)-[RuCl(Ind)(PPh3)(6)] and the racemic propargylic alcohol HC≡CC(OH)(t-Bu)(2-naphthyl) and obtained in 96% yield, where (Rax)-6 is a chiral phosphoramidite and Ind an anionic indenyl ligand. The precursor and the allenylidene complex are chiral-at-metal, and the chiral information is completely transferred from the chloro precursor to the product allenylidene complex, both of which show the same absolute configuration, as demonstrated by X-ray diffraction. Together with the known allenylidene complex (RRu,Rax)-[Ru(Ind)(PPh3)(6)(═C═C═CPh2)]+PF6–, the attack of n-BuLi, MeLi, LiC≡CPh, and lithium 1-phenylethenolate nucleophiles on the allenylidene chain of (RRu,Rax)-[Ru(Ind)(PPh3)(6){═C═C═C(t-Bu)(2-naphthyl)}]+PF6– wa...
Significance of Pyuria in Urinary Sediment

Microscopic examination of the urinary sediment to determine the degree of pyuria is an accepted method to screen for urinary tract infection. We investigated the significance of pyuria in relation to the method of specimen acquistion, number of white blood cells and isolation of pathogens on culture. Only 36 per cent of our patients with more than 10 white blood cells per high power field on examination of the first random specimen had more than 10 white blood cells per high power field when a repeat clean catch midstream specimen was examined, and only 20 per cent of the patients had more than 10(5) pathogens per ml. on culture. However, the finding of more than 10 white blood cells per high power field on a clean catch mid stream specimen indicated more than 10(5) pathogens per ml. in 40 per cent of the cases. The use of a higher threshold for significant pyuria (more than 20 white blood cells per high power field) on examination of a random specimen increased the incidence of more than 10(5) bacteriuria found in specimens with initial pyuria by 43 per cent and represents the additional detection of 8.7 per cent of the total poputation studied. These data indicate that when screening for pyuria and infection one should either obtain a clean catch midstream specimen for examination of urinary sediment or increase the threshold for significant pyuria on a random specimen.
Commentary: How Feminist Theories Increase Our Understanding of Processes of Gender Transformation

The purpose of this commentary is to make explicit the feminist theories that are implicit in most chapters in this volume and to encourage more explicit future use of feminist theories. New insights can be gained into gender research by understanding the different feminist theories underlying such research. Feminist theories provide frameworks that increase our understanding of the complex meanings and significance of material culture. Feminist theories provide information about cultural ideologies, structures, institutions, habitus, and processes that support, enforce, or diminish patriarchy. Thus, feminist theories can provide the insight that a specific historical event or process is not unusual or unique but is in fact part of a long-term patriarchal structure or process. Feminist theories can also provide insights into the methods used by reformers to diminish male domination. Feminist theories are substantiated and enlarged by historic case studies in book chapters that provide details revealing how theories were operationalized in actual practice. In addition, knowledge of feminist theories brings to light contributions to those theories made by some chapters. Perhaps most importantly, knowledge of feminist theories enlarges the questions about gender that we can consider researching from material and historical perspectives. Feminist research asking these new questions provides important historical context for archaeological gender research. Feminist theories are explicitly applied in chapters in this volume by Joyce Clements, Elizabeth Arwill-Nordbladh, and Suzanne Spencer-Wood.
Soil texture and water retention as spatial predictors of denitrification in urban wetlands

Abstract Urban wetlands potentially play an important role in nitrate (NO3−) removal from stormwater, but nitrogen loading from the atmosphere and surface water must intersect with soil properties optimal for NO3− removal for this potential to be realized. We examined predictors of NO3− removal via the microbial process of denitrification in an urban wetland system in New Jersey, USA with highly heterogeneous soils. Soil cores representing the wide range of soil textures at the site were collected to examine relationships between intact core denitrification rates, denitrification enzyme activity (DEA), available inorganic nitrogen, and soil water retention characteristics. Water retention curves were characterized for pressure potentials ranging from −1 to −5000 cm and used to estimate pore size distribution parameters. The highest intact core denitrification rates occurred in soils located at low elevations, with high macroporosity, and low variability in soil pore radius. High DEA corresponded with high available soil NO3− and high elevation. Soil samples collected at 118 points from the site and analyzed for soil organic matter and texture fractions were used to create interpolated raster layers of properties related to high denitrification rates (“hot spots”). Weighted estimations of whole-site NO3− removal based on denitrification hot spots were higher than site estimations based on average denitrification rates, suggesting that studies using the latter approach may be underestimating NO3− removal at the landscape level. Stormwater channels at the site intersected with denitrification hot spots over 20% of total channel area, indicating that soils may be at least partially reducing total NO3− loads to the adjacent creek. These results show that soil physical properties that are relatively immutable can be used for predicting the location of potential hot spots of microbial activity at the landscape scale.
Phase I trial of 19-28z chimeric antigen receptor modified T cells (19-28z CAR-T) post-high dose therapy and autologous stem cell transplant (HDT-ASCT) for relapsed and refractory (rel/ref) aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL).

8515 Background: HDT-ASCT is the standard of care for patients with rel/ref diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Herein, we report safety data on the first 8 patients of our phase I clinical tria...
Colorful and Creative Chemistry: Making Simple Sustainable Paints with Natural Pigments and Binders

This activity presents a simple method for producing sustainable, nontoxic, and environmentally friendly paints from materials purchased at a local grocery store and offers suggestions for experiments to test the properties of the student-made paints. This activity has been used to engage elementary, middle, and high school students in scientific outreach efforts aimed at teaching chemical concepts in a creative way, inspiring the next generation of scientists and educators to use the tools of chemistry toward the development of a sustainable future. In addition to highlighting the important concepts of sustainability and green chemistry throughout the science curriculum, this activity inspires creative thought and uses observational exercises that are essential to the scientific method. Extracting pigments from natural sources teaches students important laboratory techniques while emphasizing chemical concepts, such as polarity and “like dissolves like”. Students begin to see chemistry everywhere and rea...
Potential Pitfalls of Experimental Design

Good experimental design begins with the end in mind. An early conversation with a statistician will both increase the chances of an experimental study contributing to the literature and minimize the risks to participating human subjects. Sir R.A. Fisher felt that “to consult the statistician after an experiment is finished is often merely to ask him to conduct a post mortem examination: he can perhaps say what the experiment died of.” To this end, some questions from a statistician are presented along with the associated experimental study pitfalls to avoid during the study planning phase. Several concrete examples are provided to give some practical knowledge on how to improve an experimental study at the onset. Hypothesis formulation, sample size determination, randomization, and double-blinding are all explained from the viewpoint of a statistician’s final analysis. Confounders, sampling, and missing data are also briefly covered through this hypothetical question and answer session.
Hospital-level variation in inpatient cost among children receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation

Objective:Pediatric extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) varies in the way care is provided from hospital to hospital. This variability in hospital ECMO care can be represented by the variati...
Emission enhancement through Nd3+-Yb3+ energy transfer in multifunctional NaGdF4 nanocrystals

The growing need for biomedical contrast agents has led to the current development of multi-functional materials such as lanthanide-based nanoparticles (NPs). The optical and magnetic properties these nanoparticles (NPs) possess are important to enhance current biomedical imaging techniques. To increase the optical emissions of the nanoparticles, neodymium (Nd3+) and ytterbium (Yb3+) were introduced into a magnetic host of NaGdF4. The energy transfer between Nd3+ and the Yb3+ was then investigated at multiple concentrations to determine the optimal dopant levels. The NaGdF4:Nd3+,Yb3+ nanoparticles were synthesized through a modified solvothermal method, resulting in rectangular structures, with an average side length of 17.87 ± 4.38 nm. A double dopant concentration of 10% Nd3+ and 4% Yb3+ was found to be optimal, increasing the emission intensity by 71.5% when compared to the widely used Nd3+ single dopant. Decay measurements confirm energy transfer from Nd3+ to Yb3+, with a lifetime shortening from Nd3+ 1064 nm emission and a calculated lifetime of 12.72 ms with 98% efficiency. Despite NaGdF4:Nd3+,Yb3+ NPs showing a slight decrease in their magnetic response at the expense of optimizing optical emission, as it is directly dependent on the Gd3+ concentration, a strong paramagnetic behavior was still observed. These results corroborate that NaGdF4:Nd3+,Yb3+ NPs are viable candidates for multimodal imaging.
Zoology and Animal Sciences Information Literacy

Abstract The study of zoology and animal sciences encompasses a broad range of subdisciplines that includes genetics, natural history, and everything in between. Like the vastness of the subject matter, so too are the number of information resources that make up the body of zoological literature. This chapter identifies the core databases in this discipline and provides a selected listing of encyclopedias, reference books, journals, data repositories, grey literature, and Open Access resources. It describes techniques for teaching information literacy skills to undergraduate and graduate zoology students, along with sources for finding additional material on information literacy in the life sciences.
Theory of the thermodynamic influence of solution-phase additives in shape-controlled nanocrystal synthesis

Though many experimental studies have documented that certain solution-phase additives can play a key role in the shape-selective synthesis of metal nanocrystals, the origins and mechanisms of this shape selectivity are still unclear. One possible role of such molecules is to thermodynamically induce the equilibrium shape of a nanocrystal by altering the interfacial free energies of the facets. Using a multi-scheme thermodynamic integration method that we recently developed [J. Chem. Phys., 2016, 145, 194108], we calculate the solid–liquid interfacial free energies γsl and investigate the propensity to achieve equilibrium shapes in such syntheses. We first apply this method to Ag(100) and Ag(111) facets in ethylene glycol solution containing polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), to mimic the environment in polyol synthesis of Ag nanocrystals. We find that although PVP has a preferred binding to Ag(100), its selectivity is not sufficient to induce a thermodynamic preference for {100}-faceted nanocubes, as has been observed experimentally. This indicates that PVP promotes Ag nanocube formation kinetically rather than thermodynamically. We further quantify the thermodynamic influence of adsorbed solution-phase additives for generic molecules, by building a γsl ratio/nanocrystal shape map as a function of zero-temperature binding energies. This map can be used to gauge the efficacy of candidate additive molecules for producing targeted thermodynamic nanocrystal shapes. The results indicate that only additives with a strong facet selectivity can impart significant thermodynamic-shape change. Therefore, many of the nanocrystals observed in experiments are likely kinetic products.
MechVR: a physics-based proxy for locomotion and interaction in a virtual environment

We present an immersive Virtural Reality (VR) experience developed through a unique combination of technologies including an actuated hardware rig; a physics model with a responsive control routine; and an interactive 3D gamelike experience. Specifically, this paper introduces a physics-based communication framework that allows force-driven interaction to be conveyed to a user through a physics-based proxy. Because the framework is generic and extendable, the application supports a variety of interaction modes, constrained by the limitations of the physical full-body haptic rig. To showcase the technology, we highlight the experience of riding locomoting robots and vehicles placed in an immersive VR setting.
Multimorbidity and Decision-Making Preferences Among Older Adults

PURPOSE Understanding individuals’ preferences for participating in health care decisions is foundational to delivering person-centered care. We aimed to (1) explore preferences for health care decision making among older adults, and (2) identify multimorbidity profiles associated with preferring less active, ie, passive, participation among older US adults. METHOD Ours was a cross-sectional, nationally representative study of 2,017 National Health and Aging Trends Study respondents. Passive decision-making preference was defined as preferring to leave decisions to physicians. Multimorbidity profiles, based on 13 prevalent chronic conditions, were examined as (1) presence of 2 or more conditions, (2) a simple conditions count, and (3) a condition clusters count. Multiple logistic regression was used with adjustment for age, sex, education, English proficiency, and mobility limitation. RESULTS Most older adults preferred to participate actively in making health care decisions. Older adults with 4 or more conditions, however, and those with multiple condition clusters are relatively less likely to prefer active decision making. CONCLUSIONS Primary care physicians should initiate a shared decision-making process with older adults with 4 or more conditions or multiple condition clusters. Physicians should anticipate variation in decision-making preferences among older adults and adapt a decision-making process that suits individuals’ preferences for participation to ensure person-centered care delivery.
Mesodomain and Protein-Associated Solvent Phases with Temperature-Tunable (200-265 K) Dynamics Surround Ethanolamine Ammonia-Lyase in Globally Polycrystalline Aqueous Solution Containing Dimethyl Sulfoxide.

Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy of the spin probe, TEMPOL, is used to resolve solvent phases that surround the ethanolamine ammonia-lyase (EAL) protein from Salmonella typhimurium at low temperature (T) in frozen, globally polycrystalline aqueous solution and to report on the T dependence of their detectably rigid and fluid states. EAL plays a role in human gut microbiome-based disease conditions, and physicochemical studies provide insight into protein structure and mechanism, toward potential therapeutics. Temperature dependences of the rotational correlation times (τc; detection range, 10–11 ≤ τc ≤ 10–7 s) and the corresponding weights of TEMPOL tumbling components from 200 to 265 K in the presence of EAL are measured in two frozen systems: (1) water-only and (2) 1% v/v dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). In the water-only condition, a protein-vicinal solvent component detectably fluidizes at 230 K and melts the surrounding ice-crystalline region with increasing T, creating a bounded, relatively hi...
Withholding answers during hands-on scientific investigations? Comparing effects on developing students’ scientific knowledge, reasoning, and application

ABSTRACTAs more concerns have been raised about withholding answers during science teaching, this article argues for a need to detach ‘withholding answers’ from ‘hands-on’ investigation tasks. The present study examined students’ learning of light-related content through three conditions: ‘hands-on’ + no ‘withholding’ (hands-on only: HO), ‘hands-on’ + ‘withholding’ (hands-on investigation with answers withheld: HOW), and no ‘hands-on’ + no ‘withholding’ (direction instruction: DI). Students were assessed in terms of how well they (1) knew the content taught in class; (2) reasoned with the learned content; and (3) applied the learned content to real-life situations. Nine classes of students at 4th and 5th grades, N = 136 in total, were randomly assigned to one of the three conditions. ANCOVA results showed that students in the hands-on only condition reasoned significantly better than those in the other two conditions. Students in this condition also seemed to know the content fairly better although the ad...
“[P]lain and passive fortitude”: Stoicism and Spaces of Dissent in Sejanus

In Ben Jonson's Sejanus, performed at court in the first year of King James’ reign in 1603, Arruntius seemingly figures as “Jonson's spokesperson.” While lauding the moral responsibility of Arrunti...
Impact of Primary Care Intensive Management on High-Risk Veterans' Costs and Utilization: A Randomized Quality Improvement Trial

Background Primary care models that offer comprehensive, accessible care to all patients may provide insufficient resources to meet the needs of patients with complex conditions who have the greatest risk for hospitalization. Objective To assess whether augmenting usual primary care with team-based intensive management lowers utilization and costs for high-risk patients. Design Randomized quality improvement trial. (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03100526). Setting 5 U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) medical centers. Patients Primary care patients at high risk for hospitalization who had a recent acute care episode. Intervention Locally tailored intensive management programs providing care coordination, goals assessment, health coaching, medication reconciliation, and home visits through an interdisciplinary team, including a physician or nurse practitioner, a nurse, and psychosocial experts. Measurements Utilization and costs (including intensive management program expenses) 12 months before and after randomization. Results 2210 patients were randomly assigned, 1105 to intensive management and 1105 to usual care. Patients had a mean age of 63 years and an average of 7 chronic conditions; 90% were men. Of the patients assigned to intensive management, 487 (44%) received intensive outpatient care (that is, ≥3 encounters in person or by telephone) and 204 (18%) received limited intervention. From the pre- to postrandomization periods, mean inpatient costs decreased more for the intensive management than the usual care group (-$2164 [95% CI, -$7916 to $3587]). Outpatient costs increased more for the intensive management than the usual care group ($2636 [CI, $524 to $4748]), driven by greater use of primary care, home care, telephone care, and telehealth. Mean total costs were similar in the 2 groups before and after randomization. Limitations Sites took up to several months to contact eligible patients, limiting the time between treatment and outcome assessment. Only VA costs were assessed. Conclusion High-risk patients with access to an intensive management program received more outpatient care with no increase in total costs. Primary funding source Veterans Health Administration Primary Care Services.
IS SEROLOGICAL POLYMORPHISM OF HUMAN DR ANTIGENS DETERMINED BY STRUCTURAL DIFFERENCES IN THE SMALLER (β) CHAIN

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the serological polymorphism of human DR antigens. In a study described in the chapter, cells of the human lymphoblastoid line Victor were radiolabeled in culture with 14 C-labeled histidine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, proline, valine, leucine, and methionine. Purification of DR antigens was performed. Antigens were isolated from NP-40 extracts of the cells by affinity chromatography on Lens culinaris lectin-Sepharose and by indirect immunoprecipitation with a xenoantiserum directed to common structures of DR antigens. Final purification of α and β chains was achieved by SDS-PAGE. Sequence analysis of both chains eluted from gel slices was performed. It was found that the Victor cells incorporated 49% of the input radioactivity during the 16 h incubation. Viability of the cells at harvest was greater than 90% as determined by Trypan blue-dye exclusion. Of the total label incorporated, 5% was purified as glycoprotein by Lens culinaris lectin affinity chromatography. The repetitive yields, calculated on the basis of net cpm obtained for phenylalanine and tyrosine, were between 92 and 96%.
CHIUW 2018 Keynote

In the next few years, exascale computing systems will become available to the scientific community. These systems will require new levels of parallelization, new models of memory and storage, and a variety of node architectures for processors and accelerators. In the decade that follows, we can expect more of these changes, as well as increasing levels of hardware specialization. These systems will provide simulation and analysis capabilities at unprecedented scales, and when combined with advanced physical models, mathematical and statistical methods, and computer science and abstractions, they will lead to scientific breakthroughs. Yet the full power of these systems will only be realized if there is sufficient high-level programming support that will abstract details of the machines and give programmers a natural interface for writing new science applications.
From Steady Progress to Severely Wounded: A Two-Year Report on the Performance of the Oas Mission in Support of the Fight Against Corruption and Impunity in Honduras

This report analyzes the experience of MACCIH in reducing corruption and impunity in its first two years. Based on dozens of interviews with OAS and MACCIH officials; Honduran officials; representatives of Honduran and international civil society organizations; and diplomats of the United States, United Nations and other international stakeholders, the report considers the extent to which MACCIH has contributed to the fight against corruption. Although we examine degrees to which MACCIH has reasonably fulfilled its mandate during its initial two years, the report assesses the contribution of the MACCIH experiment beyond its strict mandate, examining how its creation and evolution have contributed to combating impunity and corruption in Honduras. We analyze MACCIH as an example of a particular type of tool of national and international decision-makers – an international body created with national government consent to work in close collaboration with authorities and civil society in the realm of rule of law and anti-impunity.
Pathoanatomy of Shoulder Instability in Collegiate Female Athletes.

Background:Shoulder instability has been well described in young men; however, few studies have specifically evaluated the pathoanatomy and unique spectrum of injuries in women with shoulder instab...
Streaming Data Payment Protocol (SDPP) for the Internet of Things

As the deployments of IoT systems grow for a wide range of applications, there are new use-cases emerging where the organizations or individuals that own sensor devices are different from the individuals or organizations that have use for the data from those devices. In such settings it is helpful for the data consumer to be able to effortlessly get data streams in return for monetary payments. The advent of cryptocurrency technologies have made the establishment of bidirectional automatic data micro-payment channels (with data flowing in one direction and micro-payments in the other) feasible. We present an application layer protocol called the streaming data payment protocol (SDPP) which embodies this very idea. The protocol also makes provisions for the data provider to send automated invoices and the data consumer to provide signed receipts for data to be stored on an immutable distributed ledger for auditing and dispute resolution purposes. We present an implementation of SDPP using TCP for data transport and IOTA as both cryptocurrency and a distributed ledger.
Gene rearrangements in malignant lymphomas.

Diagnosis and classification of malignant lymphomas is one of the most difficult and challenging problems encountered by pathologists today. Techniques for molecular genetic analysis have added an entirely new dimension to our understanding of the biology of the normal immune response. New knowledge of the mechanisms of DNA rearrangement in non-neoplastic T- and B-lymphoid cells has been exploited to provide information useful in the diagnosis and management of patients with lymphoid malignancies. The molecular techniques used to elucidate the rearrangement of normal antigen receptor genes have now been applied to the analysis of a large number of hyperplastic and malignant lymphoid proliferations, and the clinical utility of gene rearrangement studies in the malignant lymphomas has become well established. Gene rearrangement studies may yield information that is useful in establishing a definitive diagnosis of malignancy, in identifying the lineage of an immunophenotypically unclassifiable malignant population, or in providing data that are of value in predicting the clinical course, prognosis, or therapeutic response of an individual patient.
Body Matters in Emotion: Restricted Body Movement and Posture Affect Expression and Recognition of Status-Related Emotions.

Embodiment theory suggests that we use our own body and experiences to simulate information from other people's bodies and faces to understand their emotions. A natural consequence of embodied theory is that our own current position and state contributes to this emotional processing. Testing non-disabled individuals, we investigated whether restricted body posture and movement influenced the production and recognition of nonverbal, dynamic emotional displays in able-bodied participants. In Experiment 1, participants were randomly assigned to either unrestricted or wheelchair-restricted (sitting, torso restrained) groups and nonverbally expressed six emotions (disgust, happiness, anger, fear, embarrassment, and pride) while being videotaped. After producing each emotion, they rated their confidence regarding how effectively they communicated that emotion. Videotaped emotional displays were coded for face, body, and face + body use. Based on naive coders' scores, both unrestricted and wheelchair-restricted groups produced emotionally congruent face and body movements and both groups were equally confident in their communication effectiveness. Using videos from Experiment 1, Experiment 2 tested non-disabled participants' ability to recognize emotions from unrestricted and wheelchair-restricted displays. Wheelchair-restricted displays showed an overall decline in recognition accuracy, but recognition was selectively impaired for the dominance-related emotions of disgust and anger. Consistent with embodied emotion theory, these results emphasize the importance of the body for emotion communication and have implications for social interactions between individuals with and without physical disabilities. Changes in nonverbal emotion signals from body restrictions may influence social interactions that rely on the communication of dominance-related social emotions.
A Pay Scale of Their Own: Gender Differences in Performance Pay

Using data from Glassdoor, we find sizable gender gaps in the United States within occupations and employers in the magnitude (21%) and incidence (6.3 percentage points) of performance pay. These substantial gender gaps contribute to persistent disparities in total income, are directly related to female under-representation in performance pay jobs (3.0 percentage points), and represent an international phenomenon. These gender gaps worsen as women build their careers and are not driven by differences in latent ability or motivation, as proxied for by college background, or income growth. Instead, women apply less to and sort out of performance-pay-intensive roles, leading to stunted performance-based income since women work for performance pay less often. While the difference in interest for performance paying roles can be attributed to female jobseekers' aversion to competition and high-paying jobs, the representation gap cannot be fully rationalized by typical explanations for why women avoid certain employment opportunities.
A Ubiquitous Illusion of Volume: Are Impressions of 3D Volume Captured by an "Additive Heuristic"?

Several empirical approaches have attempted to explain perception of 2D and 3D size. While these approaches have documented interesting perceptual effects, they fail to offer a compelling, general ...
KCNK3 Mutation Causes Altered Immune Function in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Patients and Mouse Models

Loss of function KCNK3 mutation is one of the gene variants driving hereditary pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). KCNK3 is expressed in several cell and tissue types on both membrane and endoplasmic reticulum and potentially plays a role in multiple pathological process associated with PAH. However, the role of various stressors driving the susceptibility of KCNK3 mutation to PAH is unknown. Hence, we exposed kcnk3fl/fl animals to hypoxia, metabolic diet and low dose lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and performed molecular characterization of their tissue. We also used tissue samples from KCNK3 patients (skin fibroblast derived inducible pluripotent stem cells, blood, lungs, peripheral blood mononuclear cells) and performed microarray, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and mass cytometry time of flight (CyTOF) experiments. Although a hypoxic insult did not alter vascular tone in kcnk3fl/fl mice, RNASeq study of these lungs implied that inflammatory and metabolic factors were altered, and the follow-up diet study demonstrated a dysregulation of bone marrow cells in kcnk3fl/fl mice. Finally, a low dose LPS study clearly showed that inflammation could be a possible second hit driving PAH in kcnk3fl/fl mice. Multiplex, IHC and CyTOF immunophenotyping studies on human samples confirmed the mouse data and strongly indicated that cell mediated, and innate immune responses may drive PAH susceptibility in these patients. In conclusion, loss of function KCNK3 mutation alters various physiological processes from vascular tone to metabolic diet through inflammation. Our data suggests that altered circulating immune cells may drive PAH susceptibility in patients with KCNK3 mutation.
Balance Techniques and PCB Winding Magnetics for Common-Mode EMI Noise Reduction in Three-Phase ACDC Converters

In this paper, balance technique is applied into two-channel interleaved three-phase acdc converters with critical conduction mode based soft switching modulation. By adding additional inductors and coupling them with the original ones, the realization of the balance becomes possible with proper design; thus reducing the common-mode (CM) EMI noise. The balance condition is derived, and the impact of balance technique on the circuit operation especially on the switching frequency variation is quantified in order to provide the design guideline. Based on the application of balance technique, instead of the commonly used litz-wire based inductors, PCB winding coupled inductors are adopted and designed to effectively achieve the reduction of CM EMI noise. The design methodology and process are presented, and the design trade-off is made between the inductor loss and the inductor footprint. Finally, the effect of CM EMI noise reduction and the system efficiency with balance techniques and PCB winding magnetics are tested on a 25-kW SiC-based soft-switching three-phase acdc converter prototype.
Automatic tracing of mandibular canal pathways using deep learning.

There is an increasing demand in medical industries to have automated systems for detection and localization which are manually inefficient otherwise. In dentistry, it bears great interest to trace the pathway of mandibular canals accurately. Proper localization of the position of the mandibular canals, which surrounds the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN), reduces the risk of damaging it during dental implantology. Manual detection of canal paths is not an efficient way in terms of time and labor. Here, we propose a deep learning-based framework to detect mandibular canals from CBCT data. It is a 3-stage process fully automatic end-to-end. Ground truths are generated in the preprocessing stage. Instead of using commonly used fixed diameter tubular-shaped ground truth, we generate centerlines of the mandibular canals and used them as ground truths in the training process. A 3D U-Net architecture is used for model training. An efficient post-processing stage is developed to rectify the initial prediction. The precision, recall, F1-score, and IoU are measured to analyze the voxel-level segmentation performance. However, to analyze the distance-based measurements, mean curve distance (MCD) both from ground truth to prediction and prediction to ground truth is calculated. Extensive experiments are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the model.
Bid-Ask Spread Determinants in Treasury Note Futures Contracts at the Chicago Board of Trade

Recent research of market structure and transactions costs have shown that the structure of the trading platform can have an impact on the bid-ask spread. This paper provides additional evidence that suggests that the microstructure of financial markets has an impact on the effective bid-ask spread of tradable assets. Using a unique data set obtained from the Chicago Board of Trade (CBOT), we study whether institutionalized microstructure factors have an impact on the effective spread of the 10-year Treasury Notes Futures. Results indicate that a number of microstructural factors have significant impact on effective spread.
RF Spectra: Multiple Peaked Spectrum in a Homogeneous System

This chapter will discuss RF spectroscopy of lattice bosons from a point of view complementary to that of Chap. 4. That chapter looked at things from the vantage of sum rules assuming a single, narrow spectral line, one common approach in the literature. This chapter is more closely related to another common approach in the literature: taking the RF spectra to be (convolutions of) the single particle spectral functions, perhaps with shifts of lines due to final state interactions. This naturally leads to a two-peaked structure in the superfluid: there are gapless Goldstone modes (superfluid phonons) and gapped order parameter amplitude modes (Higgs modes). After constructing an approximation sufficient to capture the global physics, we will reconcile the two points of view. In addition to giving a global calculation for the spectrum of bosons in an optical lattice, the reconciliation provides a new general lesson for interpreting RF spectra of many-body systems, showing how standard viewpoints emerge in special limits of the proper calculation.
Fibronectin mediates enhanced wear protection of lubricin during shear.

Fibronectin (FN) is a glycoprotein found in the superficial zone of cartilage; however, its role in the lubrication and the wear protection of articular joints is unknown. In this work, we have investigated the molecular interactions between FN and various components of the synovial fluid such as lubricin (LUB), hyaluronan (HA), and serum albumin (SA), which are all believed to contribute to joint lubrication. Using a Surface Forces Apparatus, we have measured the normal (adhesion/repulsion) and lateral (friction) forces across layers of individual synovial fluid components physisorbed onto FN-coated mica substrates. Our chief findings are (i) FN strongly tethers LUB and HA to mica, as indicated by high and reversible long-range repulsive normal interactions between surfaces, and (ii) FN and LUB synergistically enhance wear protection of surfaces during shear, as suggested by the structural robustness of FN+LUB layers under pressures up to about 4 MPa. These findings provide new insights into the role of ...
Home Phototherapy: Not Seeing the Light

In this issue of Pediatrics, Meropol and her associates1 report an interesting survey of the opinions and practices of urban pediatricians regarding home phototherapy. They report that fewer than a third of pediatricians in their survey used home phototherapy in their practices. A variety of reasons for nonuse were elicited, mostly related to difficulties in getting phototherapy done at home. A minority of nonusers were concerned about potential complications, such as dehydration. On the other hand, many of the reasons given by nonusers were not experienced as actual problems by the pediatricians who reported using home phototherapy. In their conclusions, the authors suggest that until more is known, the American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines for home phototherapy should be followed and that we should strive to improve the benefit-risk ratio for the treatment of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.