cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The indolent B-cell lymphomas.

The indolent B-cell lymphomas account for about one third of all lymphomas in the Western world. The follicular lymphomas are the largest and most easily recognized category of indolent lymphoma, representing about one quarter of lymphomas in the Western world.1, 2, 3 The incidence of follicular lymphoma is markedly lower in Asia than in the West, for unclear reasons.4 Other well-defined indolent lymphomas (and their approximate percentage incidence) are: small lymphocytic lymphoma (6%); nodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma (1–2%); extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue, or MALT (5–7%); splenic marginal zone B-cell lymphoma, and the variant splenic lymphoma with villous lymphocytes (< 1%); and lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (1%).
The Phasing and Distribution of Cell Division Cycles in Marine Diatoms

The cell division cycle of most phytoplankton cells is phased by the environmental light/dark cycle in some fashion. Evidence from culture work (e.g. 1–7) and from field studies (e.g. 8–13) consistently shows that, in most species grown on light/dark cycles, the instantaneous population division rate, μt, varies with a 24-hr periodicity. In the majority of species, division occurs primarily in the dark period (5, 14). In dinoflagellates it is usually restricted to the hours near dawn (9,12,13,15) and it appears that diatoms tend to divide more during daylight hours (7). Although these generalizations are by no means absolute, they invite speculation concerning the underlying physiological causes of division phasing in the various groups.
Economic Growth and Wildlife Conservation in the North Pacific Rim, Highlighting Alaska and the Russian Far East

Many people, including numerous decision makers, throughout the world still perceive Alaska as an unspoiled wilderness, where space has few limits and resources are nearly inexhaustible (see also “Lomborg Errors,” www.lomborg-errors.dk/, accessed 17 August 2012); however, such perceptions are far from reality. Furthermore, despite Alaska and the circumpolar Arctic having experienced the effects of anthropogenic climate change for over two decades, most politicians, public officials, and the media in the USA either have not understood or have refused to acknowledge the link between climate change and economic activity, focusing instead on dubious arguments over scientific uncertainty. Additionally, habitat alterations and losses resulting from economic activities, and their dramatic influence on wildlife species and populations, are usually not acknowledged by policy makers, and barely by local conservationists and NGOs.
Towards Capability-Based Synthesis of Executable Robot Behaviors

This paper describes a system wide approach to synthesizing executable robot behaviors based on system capabilities. The approach builds upon prior work with the Flexible Behavior Engine (FlexBE), which uses hierarchical finite state machines (HFSM) to implement and execute robot behaviors. This paper extends prior work that integrated Linear Temporal Logic (LTL)-based automata synthesis into FlexBE by automatically generating the required configuration files based on distributed specifications of deployed system capabilities. Given this information, an end user can use existing tools to synthesize a reactive behavioral state machine (if realizable) given task specifications. The paper describes experiments executing synthesized state machines on a small wheeled mobile robot called TurtleBot running the ROS Kinetic system.
2183 Balancing patient-centeredness and patient safety in the hospitals: The case of pain care and patient satisfaction

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: This study seeks to understand the relationship between opioid prescribing and patient satisfaction among non-surgical, hospitalized patients. As part of this study, we qualitatively examined challenges in delivering safe and patient-centered care through voices of physicians’, and nurses.’ METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: We collected data through in-person interviews using semi-structured guides tailored to the informant roles. Study participants came from 1 healthcare system located in a mid-Western state. Each interview lasted 30–45 minutes, was audio-recorded with consent, and transcribed for analysis. Two researchers each coded 17 transcripts for discussions around patient-centeredness (including patient satisfaction, patient experiences), and patient safety for hospitalized patients experiencing pain. Analysis followed a general inductive approach, where researchers identified themes related to the research questions using an open coding technique. They discussed and reached consensus on all codes, and extracted several preliminary themes. The analysis was supported by NVivo software. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: The following themes emerged: (1) complex decision-making process to prescribe opioids for hospitalized patients; (2) the role of objective findings in prescribing decisions; (3) bargaining process in prescribing opioids; (4) balancing patient-centeredness and patient safety for selected populations; (5) opioids are the predominant medications for pain care. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Clinicians’ decision to prescribe opioids for nonsurgical hospitalized patients is based on multiple factors, including patient’s condition, patient’s preference for pain medications, or standard hospital’s pain care regimen. Interventions that improve clinicians’ ability to prescribe opioids may be needed to improve delivery of patient-centered and safe pain care.
Hydrotreating of Model Mixtures and Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis Oils over Pd/C

Noble metal catalysts may be attractive for hydrotreating of catalytic fast pyrolysis (CFP) oils. Model mixtures of raw noncatalytic fast pyrolysis and CFP oils representative of upgrading over HZSM-5 were hydrotreated in a batch reactor at 250–360 °C with palladium/carbon catalyst and 100 bar (cold) of hydrogen. The CFP oils gave high carbon yields of >95%, consumed less hydrogen per gram of oil produced, and had lower final oxygen concentrations than the raw oils did. GC/MS results were consistent with hydrogenation of alkenes and some oxygen-functionalized aromatic rings (e.g., phenolics) followed by hydrodeoxygenation at 360 °C. Complete deoxygenation was not obtained, and higher temperatures are recommended. The model oils’ chemical transformations, carbon yields, and deoxygenation were similar to those of oils produced in a bench-scale reactor with HZSM-5 catalyst.
Comparative study on clinical, laboratory and electrodiagnostic findings of peripheral neuropathy in patients with hypocupremia and hypercupremia, and literature review.

Abstract Copper deficiency (hypocupremia) or toxicosis (hypercupremia) may cause disorders of central and peripheral nervous systems. Hypocupremia causes myeloneuropathy resembling vitamin B12 deficiency. However, the clinical manifestations, particularly peripheral neuropathy (PN), of hypercupremia have not been adequately evaluated. To compare clinical, laboratory and electrodiagnositc features of PN between patients with hypocupremia and hypercupremia, we retrospectively reviewed the charts of patients with abnormal copper levels. Subjects with zinc abnormalities were excluded. Five hypocupremia (Male/Female = 4/1; age: 54.6 ± 17.1 years; copper = 55.0 ± 8.5 μg/dL [normal = 72–175]; zinc = 74.4 ± 15.5 μg/dL [normal = 60–130]) and 3 hypercupremia (M/F = 1/2; age: 57.0 ± 8.2 years; copper = 215.0 ± 10.8 μg/dL; zinc = 72.3 ± 14.6 μg/dL) were studied. The notable clinical findings included ambulatory difficulty in hypocupremia (2/5); paresthesia in both hypocupremia (3/5) and hypercupremia (2/3) but pain was only seen in (3/3) hypercupremia patients. Tendon reflexes were decreased in hypocupremia (3/5) and hypercupremia (1/3) but hyperreflexias in hypocupremia (2/5) only. Preexisting comorbidity such as diarrhea were observed in (2/3) hypercupremia but not in hypocupremia patients. Laboratory findings showed vitamin D deficiency (16.4 ± 5.6 ng/mL) in (2/2) hypercupremia but normal (40.4 ± 4.7 ng/mL) in (2/2) hypocupremia. Neurophysiologic studies showed evidence of neuropathy in (3/5) hypocupremia only. Different patterns of clinical, neurological examination and electrophysiologic findings between hypocupremia and hypercupremia suggest different underlying pathophysiologies.
Overdose following initiation of naltrexone and buprenorphine medication treatment for opioid use disorder in a United States commercially insured cohort.

Abstract Background and aims Despite the growing opioid overdose crisis, medication treatment for opioid use disorder remains uncommon. The comparative effectiveness of buprenorphine and naltrexone treatment in reducing overdose and the comparative risks of discontinuing treatment in the real world, remain uncertain. Our aim was to examine the effectiveness of medications for opioid use disorder in preventing opioid-related overdose. Design Retrospective cohort study Setting United States. Patients 46,846 commercially insured individuals diagnosed with opioid use disorder and initiating medication treatment between 2010 and 2016. Measurements Opioid-related overdose identified by International Classification of Diseases, Ninth and Tenth Revisions. Findings In our sample, 1386 individuals were prescribed extended-release injectable naltrexone (median filled prescriptions = 9 months), 7782 were prescribed oral naltrexone (5 months), and 40,441 were prescribed buprenorphine (19 months) at least once during follow-up. Individuals receiving buprenorphine therapy were at significantly reduced risk of opioid-related overdose compared to no treatment (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) = 0.40, 95% CI 0.35−0.46), while a significant association was not observed in extended-release injectable (HR = 0.74, 95% CI 0.42–1.31) or oral (HR = 0.93, 95% CI 0.71–1.22) naltrexone. We found no association with opioid overdose within four weeks of discontinuation of any medication. Conclusion Among commercially-insured patients who initiate medications for opioid use disorder, buprenorphine, but not naltrexone, was associated with lower risk of overdose during active treatment compared to post-discontinuation. More research is needed to understand the benefits and risks unique to each treatment option to better tailor therapies to patients with opioid use disorder.
Low platelet counts in patients with glioblastoma.

e13565Background: Radiotherapy and concurrent chemotherapy with Temozolomide (TMZ) have myelosuppressive effect, and thrombocytopenia is commonly seen in this patient population seen in 5-10% of gl...
Requiring Abstinence From Substance Use as a Condition of Probation

In Commonwealth v. Eldred , 101 N.E.3d 911 (Mass. 2018), Julie Eldred argued that carrying a diagnosis of substance use disorder (SUD) precluded her abstinence from illegal drugs. Ms. Eldred proposed that imposing a condition of her probation that she not use illegal drugs was cruel and unusual
Studying the generation of foam in the presence of nanoparticles using a microfluidic system

Abstract In this paper, a study on the generation of foam in the presence of nanoparticles in porous media using microfluidics is reported. Drainage and co-injection tests were carried out and monitored with a high-speed camera. Convolutional neural network model was applied to quantify foam texture over time, efficiently. Microscopy images show a generation process characterized by early snap-off, followed by lamella-division, and finally leave-behind. In the presence of nanoparticles, the latter stage is delayed due to resistance to drainage imparted by capillary forces within the liquid films. Moreover, a general relationship between the generation rate and the pressure gradient, which resembles the classical constitutive equation for foam generation, i.e., r g ∝ ∇ P α , could be formulated. This indicates that the generation of a foam in the presence of partially hydrophobic nanoparticles and anionic surfactant, used for strong foam formation, follows the same mechanism of a foam stabilized only with surfactant.
PD1 Blockade in Cancer: Impact on Myeloid Cells

Programmed death 1 (PD1) has emerged as a major inhibitor of antitumor T cells, and anti-PD1 therapies have demonstrated clinical efficacy in multiple cancers. However, the impact of PD1 on other immune cells had remained unclear. A recent study by Strauss et al. describes how myeloid cell-intrinsic PD1 signaling limits myelopoiesis in cancer pertinent to anti-PD1 therapies.
In-hospital outcomes of percutaneous mitral valve repair in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: insights from the national inpatient sample database

OBJECTIVES We aimed to assess the in-hospital outcomes in patients with mitral regurgitation treated with percutaneous mitral valve repair (PMVR) among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). BACKGROUND There is lack of data on the outcomes of PMVR for mitral regurgitation in patients with COPD. METHODS We analyzed the national inpatient sample (NIS) database from January 2012 to December 2016. RESULTS A total of 9125 patients underwent PMVR in the period between January 2012 and December 2016, of whom 2,495 (27.3%) patients had concomitant COPD. Comparing COPD patients to non-COPD patients, COPD patients had higher proportion of females (48.3% vs. 46.6%, p = .16), were younger (75.8 ± 10.0 years vs. 76.4 ± 12.2 years; p = .04), had higher prevalence of peripheral vascular disease (17.4% vs. 13.5%; p < .01) and renal failure (39.3% vs. 37%; p < .01). After propensity matching, there was no significant difference in mortality among the COPD group versus non-COPD patients (2.6% vs. 2.9%; p = .6). Patients with COPD had higher proportion of in-hospital morbidities including St-segment elevation myocardial infarction (1.8% vs. 1.0%; p = .02), cardiogenic shock (1.4% vs. 0.4%; p < .01), vascular complications (2% vs. 0.8; p < .01), pneumothorax (1% vs. 0.4%; p < .01), and septic shock (1.2% vs. 0.4%; p < .01). Moreover, surrogates of severe disability (mechanical intubation and non-home discharges), cost of hospitalization, and length of stay were higher in the COPD group. CONCLUSIONS There was no difference in mortality between the COPD and non-COPD patients after PMVR. Moreover, we observed higher rates of in-hospital morbidities, surrogates of severe disability, and higher resources utilization by the COPD group.
Optimizing Trap Characteristics to Monitor the Leaffooted Bug Leptoglossus zonatus (Heteroptera: Coreidae) in Orchards

The leaffooted bug, Leptoglossus zonatus (Heteroptera: Coreidae), has become a key pest of almonds, pistachios, and pomegranates in California. Adults and nymphs directly feed on nuts and fruits, which reduces crop yield and quality and can facilitate pathogen infections. Current monitoring strategies require growers to actively sample the tree canopy, with no economic thresholds being developed for this pest. To improve monitoring of L. zonatus, a three-year study was conducted to identify an optimal trap. A hanging cross-vane panel trap was identified as the best trap type in Year 1, and subsequent work in Years 1–3 focused on refining its use by modifying surface texture and color. Results indicated that coating trap surfaces with the lubricant fluon improved trap catching ability, and adults were most frequently recovered in yellow traps. A hanging cross-vane panel trap with these features could serve as the basis for the development of a new monitoring system for this pest in orchards, which could be improved further if semiochemical lures will be developed.
Disparities Among Limited English Proficient Patients in Colon Cancer Screening with Multi-target DNA Stool Test.

Racial and language minority groups in the U.S. are at a higher risk for morbidity and mortality from colorectal cancer (CRC), partially due to lower screening rates. This is a retrospective cohort study comparing successful multi-target stool DNA test (mt-sDNA) test completion among patients with limited English proficiency (LEP) and English proficient (EP) patients, from 2015 to 2018. Patients with LEP were frequency matched to EP patients by age at a 3:1 ratio. The percentage of mt-sDNA tests without useful results was 53% among patients with LEP compared to 29% among EP patients (p < 0.0001). The median number of days from order placement to test completion was 62.5 among patients with LEP compared to 33 for EP patients (p = 0.003). This study demonstrates a significant disparity in CRC screening completion using the mt-sDNA test among populations with LEP, which may widen existing disparities in CRC mortality.
A Children's Rights Commentary on Turner v. Rogers

This children’s rights commentary is part of the Feminist Judgments series published by Cambridge University Press. The commentary focuses on Turner v. Rogers, a child support enforcement case, and highlights the progressive position Justice Clarence Thomas took in his dissent by focusing on the rights of the child. Justice Thomas’s focus on the child’s interests in Part III of the dissent was joined by Justice Scalia and supports the foundational principle of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (“the best interests of the child”) and aligns their analysis on child support jurisprudence with more modern and progressive foreign constitutions, as well as the child maintenance jurisprudence of the highly progressive Constitutional Court of the Republic of South Africa — an alliance that might be surprising to many.
Farm mechanisation in rice cultivation Present status, bottlenecks and potential

The production and productivity in Indian agriculture cannot be enhanced by primitive and traditional practices of farming. Stagnating crop productivity and increasing production cost are the two major concern of Indian agriculture. Increasing demand and application of off-farm inputs and higher labour wages are the two important reason for increasing the production cost. Mechanizing the agricultural production will reduce the production cost substantially and improve productivity by reducing the losses during harvesting, threshing and winnowing. Mechanized farm operation such as sowing (seed drill, drum seeder, mechanical transplanter), weeding (cono weeder, power weeder), fertilizer application (root feeding through fertigation, soil injection, foliar spray) improve plant growth thereby yield.
Analysis of viral proteins of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in host protection and early virus-cell interactions

iv GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1 Dissertation Organization 3 LITERATURE REVIEW 5 History of PRRS 5 Etiologic agent of PRRS 5 Biochemical and physical properties of PRRSV 7 Genome organization and replication 7 Viral proteins 9 Genotypic and antigenic diversity among PRRSV isolates 12 Epidemiology 14 Pathogenesis 16 Virus-cell Interactions 20 Immune response 21 Diagnosis of PRRS 23 Control and prevention 27 Conclusion 30 CELL SURFACE EXPRESSION OF VIRAL PROTEINS OF PORCINE REPRODUCTIVE AND RESPIRATORY SYNDROME VIRUS IN INSECT CELLS AND THEIR ROLE IN PROTECTION AGAINST RESPIRATORY DISEASE 32 Abstract 32 Introduction 32 Materials and Methods 34 Results 37 Discussion 40 Acknowledgments 42 References 42
A Central Role for Transcription Factor C/EBP-β in Regulating CD1d Gene Expression in Human Keratinocytes

CD1d is a nonclassical Ag-presenting molecule that presents glycolipid Ags to NKT cells that are involved in immune defense and tumor rejection. It also plays a role in immunoregulatory functions in the epidermis. The mechanisms controlling the expression of CD1d are not well understood. Therefore, we cloned the CD1d gene promoter and characterized its activities in primary human keratinocytes and other cell lines of epithelial origin. We found that a CCAAT box in the CD1d promoter is required for its expression in keratinocytes. We show here that transcription factor C/EBP-β binds to the CCAAT box in the CD1d promoter in vitro and in vivo. Consistent with these observations, deletion of the gene encoding for C/EBP-β caused a loss of CD1d expression. The in vivo regulation of CD1d has significant implications for the pathologic mechanisms of certain immunologic skin diseases in which NKT cells play a role, such as allergic contact dermatitis and psoriasis. Together, these data show a central role for C/EBP-β in regulating CD1d transcription.
Use It or Pretenders Will Abuse It: The Importance of Archival Legal Information

Archival information about the legal system should inform policymaking. Despite claims of soaring civil damages awards, modern historical data show no little growth in tort awards and no real growth in punitive damages awards. The data also show a dramatic 40-year decline in trial rates from over 10 percent of case dispositions to less than two percent. The decline needs to be explained in part by using archival data. Contrary to perceptions underlying the Class Action Fairness Act of 2005, little systematic evidence exists that state and federal courts process class actions significantly differently. These results contradict the publicity campaigns and empirical studies generated by parties with policy agendas. If society does not preserve accurate information about the legal system, and promote the information's analysis and dissemination, questionable analysis will be supplied to suit the policy agendas of special interest groups. Society would not consider making economic policy being without systematic knowledge of past economic experience. It would not consider making health care policy without systematic knowledge of past pandemics, epidemics, successful health campaigns, or toxic incidents. Society should demand no less before making legal policy.
Galileo system design for orbital operations

In April 1991, Galileo's X-band high gain antenna failed to deploy. An alternate approach which utilizes the spacecraft's S-band low gain antenna was conceived and is in development. This approach will enable the accomplishment of at least 70 percent of Galileo's original scientific objectives. The short development period dictates that the spacecraft system design, the ground data system design, and the operational system scenarios and procedures necessary to conduct the mission be developed concurrently, and places a premium on validating the system designs as early as possible. This paper presents an overview of the Galileo mission, briefly describes the changes required to implement the orbital phase of the Galileo mission, and describes the functional model of the end to end system which was developed to support the systems design effort. >
The Behavior of Utility Maximizing Members in a Classroom Group Project: Implications of the Envelope Theorem

In this article we question the prevailing belief that by assigning group-based class projects at the undergraduate level the quality of the finished product will be higher than if each student worked individually, and that professors introduce to the students the value of being a team player. We use a simple utility function and the Envelope Theorem to prove that this may not be the case. The model presented in this article implies that the overall project grade will be a function of the lowest performing student's effort and/or skills, and that low performing students may end up with higher grades at the cost of lower grades for hardworking and high performing students. The implications of our model find support in Ashraf (2004).
Consuming Capacity for Single Meals in Humans After a 24-Hour Fast

Self-selected, ad libitum meals were repeatedly fed to 5 healthy male subjects in order to empirically assess the influence of various intravenous and intraduodenally delivered solutions on food consumption. The solutions included i.v. and i.d. saline, i.v. and i.d. glucose, and i.v. autologous plasma feedings which had been previously obtained from the subjects after feeding or fasting states. Each subject had 11 meals under the various conditions. Liquid and solid food intakes in grams and calories were measured with each meal. No significant mean differences in food consumption were detected between the various i.v. and i.d. conditions; hence, food consumption for all meals was combined for the 5 subjects. Significant individual differences in food intakes were found that could not be correlated with body size, gastric emptying rates, or with the capacity to secrete gastric acid.
Some myths and common errors in simulation experiments

During the more than fifty years that Monte Carlo simulation experiments have been performed on digital computers, a wide variety of myths and common errors have evolved. We discuss some of them, with a focus on probabilistic and statistical issues.
Open bankart reconstruction

Abstract Anterior glenohumeral instability is a common disorder often associated with traumatic detachment of theanteroinferior capsulolabral complex (Bankart lesion). Surgical treatment is often required to prevent recurrent instability. Open Bankart reconstruction has proven to be a reliable procedure with low recurrence rates. The open surgical approach allows treatment of all patterns of anterior instability and does not require the presence of a discrete Bankart lesion. Successful reconstruction requires reattachment of the capsulolabral complex as well as reduction of capsular redundancy if present. Excessive tightening of the capsule should be avoided. The techniques for open repair have been well established and should be easily reproducible by most surgeons.
Identification of Minor Acylglycerols Less Polar than Triricinolein in Castor Oil by Mass Spectrometry

Acylglycerols in castor oil less polar than triricinolein were identified by electrospray ionization–mass spectrometry using the lithium adducts of the acylglycerols in the HPLC fractions of castor oil. Thirty four new molecular species of acylglycerols containing hydroxy fatty acids in castor oil were identified by MS. The chain lengths of fatty acid substituents were C16, C18, C20, C22 and C23. The numbers of double bonds of the fatty acids were from zero to three. The numbers of hydroxyl groups on the fatty acid chains were from zero to three as previously reported. The structure of fatty acid, OH18:2, was proposed as 12-hydroxy-9,13-octadecadienoic acid. An unusual odd-numbered long-chain fatty acid, 23:0 (tricosanoic acid), was identified. Some new estolides and tetraacylglycerols, were identified as (12-ricinoleoylricinoleoyl)-ricinoleoyl-linoleoyl-glycerol (RRRL), (12-ricinoleoylricinoleoyl)-ricinoleoyl-oleoyl-glycerol (RRRO), (12-ricinoleoylricinoleoyl)-ricinoleoyl-palmitoyl-glycerol (RRRP), (12-ricinoleoylricinoleoyl)-ricinoleoyl-stearoyl-glycerol (RRRS) and (12-ricinoleoylricinoleoyl)-ricinoleoyl-linolenoyl-glycerol (RRRLn). The normal fatty acid (non-hydroxylated) of these tetraacylglycerols were directly attached to the glycerol backbone. The biosynthetic pathway of castor oil is proposed.
Diagnostic performance of magnetic resonance imaging and pre-surgical evaluation in the assessment of traumatic intra-articular knee disorders in children and adolescents: what conditions still pose diagnostic challenges?

Diagnosis of intra-articular lesions in children based on clinical examination and MRI is particularly challenging. To evaluate the diagnostic performance of MRI and pre-surgical evaluation of the knee in pediatric patients relative to arthroscopic evaluation as the gold standard. We report diagnoses frequently missed or inaccurately diagnosed pre-operatively. We conducted a retrospective review of MRI and pre-surgical evaluation in children and adolescents ages 1–17 years who were treated by knee arthroscopy during a 2½-year period. All MRIs were reviewed by a pediatric radiologist blinded to clinical findings. Pediatric orthopedic clinic notes were reviewed for pre-surgical evaluation (based on physical exam, radiograph, MR images and radiologist’s MRI report). Arthroscopic findings were used as the gold standard. We calculated the percentages of diagnoses at arthroscopy missed on both MRI and pre-surgical evaluation. Diagnostic accuracy between children and adolescents and in patients with one pathological lesion vs. those with >1 lesion was analyzed. We performed a second review of MR images of the missed or over-called MRI diagnoses with knowledge of arthroscopic findings. We included 178 children and adolescents. The most common diagnoses missed on MRI or pre-surgical evaluation but found at arthroscopy were: discoid meniscus (8/30, or 26.7% of cases); lateral meniscal tears (15/80, or 18.8% of cases); intra-articular loose bodies (5/36, or 13.9% of cases), and osteochondral injuries (9/73, or 12.3% of cases). Overall diagnostic accuracy of MRI and pre-surgical evaluation was 92.7% and 95.3%, respectively. No significant difference in diagnostic accuracy between children and adolescents was observed. When multiple intra-articular lesions were present, lateral meniscal tears were more likely to be inaccurately diagnosed (missed or over-called) on both MRI (P = 0.009) and pre-surgical evaluation (P < 0.001). Overall diagnostic accuracy of MRI and pre-surgical evaluation was quite high. The traumatic intra-articular knee lesions that still pose a diagnostic challenge for MRI and pre-surgical evaluation are lateral discoid meniscus, lateral meniscal tears, intra-articular loose bodies and osteochondral injuries. Special attention should be given to those diagnoses when evaluating a pediatric knee MRI. In children with multiple intra-articular injuries, there is significantly more inaccuracy in pre-arthroscopic diagnosis of lateral meniscal tears on both MRI and pre-surgical evaluation.
Monoboronic acid sensor that displays anomalous fluorescence sensitivity to glucose.

A monoboronic acid fluorescent sensor was conveniently synthesized from 3-nitronaphthalic anhydride and 3-aminophenylboronic acid. This novel saccharide probe exhibits dual emission suitable for ratiometric sensing and displays a remarkable sensitivity for glucose relative to fructose and galactose.
Rapid Semimicro One-Step Chromatographic Cleanup of Chlorinated Hydrocarbon Pesticide in Residues in Poultry and Eggs

Abstract INTRODUCTION THE presence of chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticide residues in poultry and eggs has been reported by Ivey et al. (1961), Ware and Naber (1961), Onley and Mills (1962), J. J. Haberman (1964), Liska et al. (1964a, b) and Stemp et al. (1964). Detection and identification of these residues involve tedious product examination that ordinarily requires sophisticated laboratory equipment. The procedures are so time consuming that they preclude extensive surveys of poultry and eggs entering marketing channels. Ivey et al. (1961) determined lindane residues in chickens and eggs using the colorimetric method of Schechter and Hornstein (1952). Ware and Naber (1961) also determined lindane in eggs but used the colorimetric method as modified by Wylegala et al. (1956) and Ware and Gilmore (1959). Onley and Mills (1962) described a Florisil column chromatographic method for cleanup prior to pesticide detection in eggs using paper chromatography. They preceded the use of the Florisil …
Analysis of a variant hypercube topology

Each node of a hypercube system, when fabricated, comes with a fixed number of links designed for a maximum sized construction. Very often, there are links left unused at each node in a real system. In this article, we study the hypercube in which extra connections are added between pairs of nodes through otherwise unused links. Those extra connections are made in order to maximize the improvement of the performance measure of interest under various traffic distributions. The resulting hypercube, called the variant hypercube, requires a simple routing algorithm and is guaranteed not to create any traffic-congested point or link. The variant hypercube is found to achieve considerable reduction in diameter, and noticeable improvement in mean internode distance and traffic density. In addition, a variant hypercube is more cost-effective than a regular hypercube and does not suffer from practical implementation difficulty. As a result, it also appears advantageous for hypercube systems with no available unused links to augment each node so as to accommodate an extra link, provided that the building block is not pin limited and is allowed to do so.
Estimation of inherent optical properties from irradiance measurements: Monte Carlo simulations

Using Monte Carlo simulations of radiative transfer in the ocean-atmosphere system, a scheme is developed in which the inherent optical properties of a homogeneous ocean can be estimated from irracliance measurements made near the surface. If just irradiance measurements as a function of the solar zenith angle are available, then the backscattering coefficient and the volume scattering function at scattering angles greater than about 600 can be estimated. If in addition the beam attenuation coefficient is measured, then the absorption and scattering coefficients can be estimated as well.
Management of infectious agents of bioterrorism

Abstract Biological weapons are weapons of mass destruction derived from bacteria, viruses, fungi, or plants. While biological weapons have been in use for centuries during military conflict, their release on a civilian population as a tool of terrorism (bioterrorism) is a relatively new phenomenon. In recent decades, several events involving biological weapons (eg, the anthrax episode of 2001 and mounting concerns about the intentional reappearance of smallpox) have provided strong evidence that the covert release of a biological weapon could occur in the near future. Without prompt recognition of a bioweapons release, disease can spread rapidly among unsuspecting children and adults. There is therefore a compelling need for clinicians to acquaint themselves with biological weapons and the diseases they produce in order to identify sentinel cases. This review provides an overview of the biological weapons, their manifestations, and the pediatric emergency physician’s role in recognition and management (including protection of self and other health care workers).
ASSOCIATION OF LABIAL SALIVARY GLAND HISTOPATHOLOGY WITH CLINICAL AND SEROLOGIC FEATURES OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE DISEASES

Focal sialadenitis is now widely accepted as an objective criterion for the oral component of Sjogren's syndrome (xerostomia). We investigated the association between labial salivary gland histopathologic changes and the clinical and serologic features of 192 patients with suspected connective tissue disorders. A retrospective review of the medical records of all patients was performed, and historical, physical, laboratory, histologic, and roentgenographic data were abstracted. Each patient had undergone labial salivary gland biopsy as part of a rheumatologic evaluation. There were significant associations between positive findings on lip biopsy and the presence of keratoconjunctivitis sicca (P = 0.013), positive antinuclear antibodies (titer greater than or equal to 1:80) (P = 2 x 10(-8)), and positive Ro antibodies (P = 1 x 10(-8)). However, sicca symptoms and glandular enlargement were not statistically associated with positive findings on lip biopsy. Features predictive of a positive lip biopsy included Ro antibodies (P = 0.914), keratoconjunctivitis sicca (P = 0.700), and positive antinuclear antibodies (P = 0.590).
Commuting traces of multiadditive maps on invertible and singular matrices

AbstractLet be natural numbers, and let be the ring of all matrices over a field . We describe traces of -additive maps such that for all invertible (singular) , where either char or char .
Longer and Shorter Hospital Stay after Heart Transplant Both Risk Factors for Suboptimal Outcome

Purpose Length of hospital stay (LOS) may be associated w/adverse outcome after heart transplantation (HTx). Patients (pts) who have a longer hospital stay may have complications during hospitalization thereby increasing risk for morbidity and mortality in the ensuing months/years. Early hospital discharge has also not been established to be optimal, as immunosuppression may not be stabilized in this short period. Trends for hospital LOS after HTx have not been established. Methods and Materials Between 1994 and 2010, we evaluated 1,212 HTx pts and divided them into 3 LOS groups ( 14 days). Outcome for all pts included 5-year survival, freedom from cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV), non-fatal major adverse cardiac events and 1st year freedom from any treated rejection. Results The average LOS for each group was: 14 days = 29.1 ± 28.9 days. For pts with LOS >14 days there was significant reduction in 5-year actuarial survival and freedom from NF-MACE compared to the other two groups. In the LOS Conclusions Hospital LOS >14 days appears to be associated w/poor outcome after HTx most likely due to complications exhibited during the original hospitalization. Pts with short LOS ( Outcomes LOS LOS 7-14 days (n=678) LOS > 14 days (N=420) Log-Rank p-value 5-Year Actuarial Survival 82% 81% 75% 0.038 5-Year Freedom from CAV 67% 74% 77% 0.238 5-Year Freedom from NF-MACE 87% 86% 80% 0.016 1-Year Freedom from Any-Treated Rejection 72% 83% 82% 0.089 Length of Stay LOS LOS 7-14 days (n=678) LOS > 14 days (N=420) Mean LOS, Days ± SD 5.7 ± 0.5 9.7 ± 1.9 29.1 ± 28.9 Median LOS, Days 6 10 20
Effect of pore-distributed coke on catalyst regeneration kinetics

Prior experimental study by Haldeman and Botty has demonstrated that catalyst regeneration rates vary with conversion, showing a nearly constant rate of reaction in the early stages of regeneration and falling off rapidly at higher conversion levels. This peculiar reaction behavior calls for explanation in terms of pore structural changes. In this work a mathematical model is developed based on the interaction between catalyst pore structure and coke distribution in the pores. The model is able to associate overall regeneration kinetics with alternative pore-distributed coke deposition patterns. Results exhibit a slight shallow rate maximum at an intermediate conversion level, in agreement with the prior experimental report. The model makes coke distribution in the pores accessible to experimental determination. The numerical results indicate that among pore structures with the same mean and overall pore volume, a larger variance offers a higher threshold for coke loading; for a given degree of dispersion, a smaller mean allows a higher coke loading.
Trust, Control, and Risk in Strategic Alliances: An Integrated Framework:

Trust and control are inextricably interlinked with risk in strategic alliances. Hence, to understand how partner firms can effectively reduce and manage this risk, we need to examine the inter-relationships between trust, control, and risk. In this article, we propose a comprehensive and integrated framework of the three constructs in the context of strategic alliances, contending that trust and control are the two principal antecedents of risk. First, we suggest that the three constructs are each comprised of certain key dimensions. Risk can be considered separately as relational risk and performance risk. The two dimensions of trust are identified as goodwill trust and competence trust, and control is differentiated in terms of the three modes of behaviour control, output control, and social control. Second, we discuss systematically the various linkages between the different types of trust, control, and risk in alliances. Third, we suggest several risk reduction approaches — minimizing relational risk...
Combinations of sum rules for orthorhombic asymmetric molecules

Abstract Combinations of the sum rules have been derived from the fourth-order Hamiltonian for molecules of orthorhombic symmetry. These may be used to determine some rotational constants directly from experimental data. The effects of higher order terms in the Hamiltonian are considered for H 2 16 O.
Alteration of phytoplankton phosphorus status during enrichment experiments: implications for interpreting nutrient enrichment bioassay results

We compared the results of phosphorus-enrichment bioassay experiments with alkaline phosphatase activity (APA) assays as indicators of phosphorus (P) limitation of in situ phytoplankton growth. In 4-d experiments, phytoplankton APA decreased or remained unchanged in P-enriched samples, but increased in unenriched samples, indicating a rapid alteration of the P status of the unenriched algae during the experimental incubations. In direct comparisons of enrichment bioassays and APA assays of reservoir phytoplankton samples, the results of the two methods corresponded in general, although contradictory results were not uncommon. Our data support the conclusion that enrichment experiments can indicate the potential for nutrient limitation of algal growth in the absence of other limiting factors, but do not necessarily demonstrate the occurrence of in situ nutrient limitation of phytoplankton production.
Preemption based lightpath restoration

Network element failure may occur due to natural disasters, malfunctioning components, or human errors. Ideally, network failure occurrence should not affect the network performance as it is experienced by the users. For this reason, robust protection mechanisms resort to standby network resources, which are readily available upon failure occurrence, e.g., dedicated path protection. In some network architectures and service models, a less ideal protection approach may still be applicable in exchange for a reduced network and service cost. Graceful degradation of performance upon failure occurrence may be acceptable in this case. The study in this paper explores preemption-based restoration mechanisms applied to optical connections (lightpaths) in Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) networks. The rationale for preempting some of the still functioning lightpaths — while performing rerouting of the failing ones — is to avoid highly unfair scenarios in which some node pairs starve for lightpaths significantly more than other pairs do, as a consequence of a failing network element1.
Microfibril-associated glycoprotein-1, an extracellular matrix regulator of bone remodeling.

MAGP1 is an extracellular matrix protein that, in vertebrates, is a ubiquitous component of fibrillin-rich microfibrils. We previously reported that aged MAGP1-deficient mice (MAGP1Δ) develop lesions that are the consequence of spontaneous bone fracture. We now present a more defined bone phenotype found in MAGP1Δ mice. A longitudinal DEXA study demonstrated age-associated osteopenia in MAGP1Δ animals and μCT confirmed reduced bone mineral density in the trabecular and cortical bone. Further, MAGP1Δ mice have significantly less trabecular bone, the trabecular microarchitecture is more fragmented, and the diaphyseal cross-sectional area is significantly reduced. The remodeling defect seen in MAGP1Δ mice is likely not due to an osteoblast defect, because MAGP1Δ bone marrow stromal cells undergo osteoblastogenesis and form mineralized nodules. In vivo, MAGP1Δ mice exhibit normal osteoblast number, mineralized bone surface, and bone formation rate. Instead, our findings suggest increased bone resorption is responsible for the osteopenia. The number of osteoclasts derived from MAGP1Δ bone marrow macrophage cells is increased relative to the wild type, and osteoclast differentiation markers are expressed at earlier time points in MAGP1Δ cells. In vivo, MAGP1Δ mice have more osteoclasts lining the bone surface. RANKL (receptor activator of NF-κB ligand) expression is significantly higher in MAGP1Δ bone, and likely contributes to enhanced osteoclastogenesis. However, bone marrow macrophage cells from MAGP1Δ mice show a higher propensity than do wild-type cells to differentiate to osteoclasts in response to RANKL, suggesting that they are also primed to respond to osteoclast-promoting signals. Together, our findings suggest that MAGP1 is a regulator of bone remodeling, and its absence results in osteopenia associated with an increase in osteoclast number.
Confinement effects on alloy reactivity

Density functional theory is used to characterize reactivity in systems confined between alloy surfaces separated by a gap from three to 10 A. It is found that the proximity of a second surface alters the geometric and electronic properties of the first one, and the changes are related to the nature of the interacting surfaces. These phenomena are explored by analysis of the dissociation of molecular oxygen and that of water in the confined systems. The results suggest that such confinement effects may be further designed for specific applications by tuning the alloy composition.
The transcription promoter of the spliced leader gene from Trypanosoma cruzi

Abstract A putative promoter element responsible for transcription of the spliced leader (SL) gene of Trypanosoma cruzi was identified by overlapping deletion and linker scanning analyses of the upstream flanking sequences using the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene as a reporter in transient transfections of cultured epimastigotes. Deletion or substitution of a proximal sequence element (PSE) between positions −53 and −40 relative to the transcription start point eliminated CAT gene expression. Comparison of SL genes from several strains of T. cruzi revealed two alternative sequence patterns for the putative SL PSE, both composed of a short run of purines followed by a run of pyrimidines. Moreover, an examination of these sequences supports the subdivision of T. cruzi isolates into two divergent groups. Double-stranded oligonucleotides containing the sequence of the PSE exhibited specific gel mobility shifts after incubation with T. cruzi nuclear extracts, suggesting that a transcription factor binds this site. Finally, experiments designed to increase the level of CAT expression from the SL promoter suggest that it is not a strong promoter in cultured T. cruzi epimastigotes. © 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
A single cell electrophysiological analysis device with embedded electrode

Abstract A single cell electrophysiological analysis device with a sub-micrometer opening on embedded recording electrode has been demonstrated using a combined micro- and nano-machining process. This technique can reduce the series pipette resistance while keeping high seal resistance for electrophysiological measurements. In the prototype demonstration, the electrolyte pipette resistance is reduced to 200 kΩ using the microfabricated electrophysiological system with opening size of 500 nm in diameter. A 6 GΩ seal resistance is achieved on a HeLa cell, a cervical cancer cell line with size between 10 and 20 μm, on the same device. In a second experiment, the measured electrolyte pipette resistance is 1 MΩ using different pipette solution on a device with 800 nm opening and a 500 MΩ seal resistance is achieved on a vacuolar yeast cell of 3–5 μm in size.