cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sarcomes épithélioïdes: étude rétrospective après chirurgie conservatrice et radiothérapie

Resume Introduction Les sarcomes epithelioides sont des tumeurs rares associees a un risque eleve de rechute locale et de metastases. La place d'un traitement conservateur chirurgical (sans amputation) et le role de la radiotherapie restent discutes. Patients et methodes Une serie de neuf patients traites consecutivement, de 1987 a 2006, par chirurgie initiale conservatrice puis irradiation postoperatoire (dose moyenne 52,8 Gy) a ete analysee avec un recul median de 40 mois (15–153 mois). Resultats Le taux de recidive locale etait de 56 %, celui de recidive ganglionnaire de 11 % et celui de recidive metastatique de 33 %. Aucune amputation n'a ete pratiquee dans cette serie au cours de l'evolution de la maladie. Enfin, le taux de deces etait de 44,5 %. Conclusion Les taux de recidive metastatique et de deces sont eleves mais restent comparables a ceux retrouves dans les series chirurgicales pures ou l'attitude est radicale d'emblee et non conservatrice. Le traitement conservateur ne semble donc pas grever le pronostic vital des patients et peut eviter l'amputation d'emblee. Le risque de recidive locale reste eleve (56 %). Le fait que la majorite des recidives locales surviennent en territoire irradie peut signifier soit l'inutilite de la radiotherapie, soit la necessite d'augmenter les doses de radiotherapie a au moins 60 Gy. La contrepartie a cette augmentation de dose est, bien sur, l'augmentation du risque de sequelles fonctionnelles.
Cocrystal Structure of Protein Farnesyltransferase Complexed with a Farnesyl Diphosphate Substrate

Protein farnesyltransferase (FTase) catalyzes the transfer of the hydrophobic farnesyl group from farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) to cellular proteins such as Ras at a cysteine residue near their carbox...
Early learning and retention of a conditioned taste aversion

Weanling rats were trained on a taste aversion task and tested 60 days later using the single bottle and preference methods for assessing the retention of a taste aversion, and a competitive situation in which the CS was eventually substituted for plain water. Only the competitive situation showed the effects of the early taste aversion training. The results are discussed in terms of the conditioning and reactivation of adrenocortical steroid elevations and how these might affect subsequent retrieval.
Cyc2p is required for maintaining ionic stability and efficient cytochrome c import and mitochondrial function in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Abstract A previous study demonstrated that Cyc2p from Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a mitochondrial protein and that cyc2 mutants contained only approximately 20% of the normal levels of cytochrome c due to a partial deficiency in mitochondrial import of apo-cytochrome c. We report herein that deletion of the entire gene results in defective mitochondrial function, as revealed by diminished growth on media containing non-fermentable carbon sources. This defect is exacerbated in hyper-ionic KCl media and at higher incubation temperatures, but is suppressed on media containing sorbitol, a non-ionic compound. We suggest that Cyc2p serves to maintain the osmotic stability of mitochondria, and its defect is exacerbated by KCl.
Faddeev description of two-hole-one-particle motion and the single-particle spectral function

The Faddeev technique is employed to address the problem of describing the influence of both particle-particle and particle-hole phonons on the single-particle self-energy. The scope of the few-body Faddeev equations is extended to describe the motion of two-hole--one-particle (two-particle--one-hole) excitations. This formalism allows one to sum both particle-particle and particle-hole phonons, obtained separately in the random phase approximation. The appearance of spurious solutions for the present application of the Faddeev method is related to the inclusion of a consistent set of diagrams. The formalism presented here appears practical for finite nuclei and achieves a simultaneous inclusion of particle-particle and particle-hole phonons to all orders while the spurious solutions are properly eliminated.
Extreme points in sets of positive linear maps on B(H)

Three main results are obtained: (1) If D is an atomic maximal Abelian subalgebra of B(H), P is the projection of B(H) onto D and h is a complex homomorphism on D, then h ∘ P is a pure state on B(H). (2) If {Pn} is a sequence of mutually orthogonal projections with rank(Pn) = n and ∑ Pn = I, P is the projection of B(H) onto {Pn}″ given by P(T)=∑tracen(T)Pn and h is a homomorphism on {Pn}″ such that h(Pn) = 0 for all n then h ∘ P induces a type II∞ factor representation of the Calkin algebra. (3) If M is a nonatomic maximal Abelian subalgebra of B(H) then there is an atomic maximal Abelian subalgebra D of B(H) and a large family {Φα} of ∗-homomorphisms from D onto M such that for each α, Φα ∘ P is an extreme point in the set of projections from B(H) onto M. (Here P denotes the projection of B(H) onto D.)
Gallium Cluster “Magic Melters”

Calorimetry measurements (using a method based on multicollision induced dissociation) have been performed for unsupported gallium clusters, Gan+ (n = 30−50 and 55). Melting transitions have been identified from spikes in the heat capacities recorded as a function of temperature. There are enormous fluctuations in the melting temperatures and the heats of fusion with cluster size. Clusters with n = 31, 33, 37, and 45−47 are “magic melters” with particularly well-defined melting transitions. There is a strong correlation between the heats of fusion, entropies of fusion, and the stabilities of the clusters. However, these quantities are not strongly correlated with the melting temperatures.
WOCE: Abyssal circulation studies

A meeting of oceanographers from 11 institutions was held March 19–21, 1984 at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) to discuss plans and methods for studying the general circulation of the ocean. This planning meeting for the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) was sponsored by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and arranged by J.L. Reid of SIO and Harry Bryden of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. This report includes not only items discussed at the meeting, but also items submitted afterward by participants and other interested parties. The purpose of the meeting was to identify needs. The conveners did not expect or attempt to arrive immediately at a consensus on which of the areas were most important but tried to assure that all ideas were presented for consideration. Although the projects listed here are meant to be general and comprehensive, they strongly reflect the major interests of those attending and are not meant to exclude other plans or suggestions that may arise. The list presented is, of course, far beyond our present capacity to carry out in its entirety. We hope that it will stimulate even more ideas and that some parts of it can be used to assemble an effective and coherent set of programs to be carried out as part of WOCE.
ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION OF THE OXYGEN EVOLVED BY ILLUMINATED SPINACH CHLOROPLASTS AND GRANA WITH K2C18O3 AS A TRACER.

The isotopic composition of the O2 evolved in the Hill reaction by illuminated spinach chloroplasts and grana, using K2C18O3 as a tracer, was determined. The results indicated that water oxygen was the precursor of the O2 evolved in the Hill reaction. The O2 contained a small amount of isotope which appeared to be derived from water oxygen that had exchanged with K2C18O3. Spinach chloroplasts and grana were found to accelerate the rate of exchange of oxygen between K2C18O3 and water.
Fracture process zone associated with mixed mode fracture of SiCw/Al2O3

Abstract An experimental-numerical analysis based on moire interferometry and static finite-element analysis was used to study the trailing fracture process zone of a SiCw/Al2O3 precracked, three-point bend specimen subjected to mixed-modes I and II loading. Through an inverse analysis, the crack closing stress distribution, which provided the best fit between the measured and computed crack opening displacements, along the fracture process zone was determined. The energy dissipation rate in the fracture process zone accounted for about 44% of the released energy rate with the remainder being dissipated through whisker breakage and matrix fracture. The computed static stress intensity factors were used to predict the crack kinking angle, which agreed with the measured crack kinking angle of 5°, by the maximum circumferential stress criterion. Dynamic analysis showed that the crack propagated with a reduced energy dissipation rate.
Korean born, Korean‐American high school students' entry into understanding race and racism through social interactions and conversations

This paper explores how a group of Korean born, Korean‐American high school students came to understand race and racism in the US through social interactions and conversations, with particular attention paid to the locality of time, space and people engaged. Therefore, we explore not only how race and racism are socially constructed in the lives of the participants, but also how social interactions and daily conversations play a critical role for the students to develop and locate their voices in relation to understanding how race and racism effect their lives. It is worth emphasizing that the participants' understanding on the concepts of race and racism were refined in dialogic and emergent fashion in the course of dialogue. In other words, it was not like a new learning or sudden enlightenment. Rather, it was rediscovery of their own experiences, which they had but were not able to explicate or find appropriate languages with which to identify their experiences until they were provided an opportunity t...
Educational reform and the transition from authoritarian to democratic governments: the cases of Argentina, Colombia, Venezuela, and Spain

Abstract The transition from an authoritarian to a democratic form of government marks a turning point of historic proportions in the annals of any nation. This paper asks the question, during the first decade following such a transition, do the newly democratized nations demonstrate any common patterns of educational reform? In exploring this issue, pre- and post-transition comparisons were made in four Hispanic nations regarding the critical areas of educational finance, curriculum development, student enrollment, and the concentration of power. The author used a conventional field study research methodology to gather data following the transitions in Colombia, Argentina, Venezuela and Spain.
Bioconversion of (+)-limonene by Pseudomonas gladioli.

Pseudomonas gladioli was isolated by an enrichment culture technique using limonene as the sole source of carbon. Fermentations were conducted for 4–10 days in shake flasks at 25°C using a pH 6.5 mineral salts medium and 1.0% (+)-limonene. Major conversion products were identified as (+)-α-terpineol and (+)-perillic acid. Quantitative analysis of α-terpineol and perillic acid during the fermentation revealed that α-terpineol was resistant to further degradation by the bacterium, while perillic acid was readily degraded.
Bovine Viral Diarrhea Serologic Diagnostic Reagents Prepared from Bacterially Expressed Recombinant Proteins

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a positive-stranded RNA virus and is classified in the Pestivirus genus of the family Flaviviridae. The BVDV genome has been cloned and sequenced, and a map of protein-encoding genes has also been established. According to this map, the BVDV genome encodes at least 4 primary gene products: p20, gp116, p125, and p133. There is evidence that the glycoprotein precursor gp116 gives rise to gp48, gp25, and gp53 through proteolytic processes, and p125 gives rise to p80 by proteolysis when cells are infected with cytopathic BVDV. The p125 is produced only in cells infected with noncytopathic BVDV. When an antibody against BVDV is analyzed by using radioimmunoprecipitation or western blots, gp48, gp25, gp53, and p80 (or p125) are detected. 1,2,8,9 Thus, these proteins are good candidates for specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). Currently, virus neutralization (VN) is the standard serologic test for BVDV, and virus-neutralizing antibody binds primarily to gp53. 5,11 Other diagnostic tests, such as wholevirus ELISA, fluorescent antibody, and immunoperoxidase staining, also are used and likely detect additional viral proteins. All of these tests require specialized tissue culture equipment. Consequently, these procedures are often impractical for screening a large number of samples. Recombinant ELISA is now widely accepted for serodiagnosis of many important human and veterinary diseases. This test is a simple, rapid, highly sensitive, and inexpensive tool for screening for an antibody. In this report, we describe the production of large amounts of gp48, gp25, and p80 recombinant proteins, use of these recombinant proteins in the ELISA, and comparison of the ELISA with the standard VN test for the serodiagnosis of bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) in cattle. To express gp48, gp25, and p80, each gene fragment was cloned into the expression vector pGex2T or pGex3X. In each construct, the correct translational frame required for expression of glutathione-S-transferase (GST) fusion protein was created. The gp48 and p80 restriction fragments were isolated from pBV4-gp62 and pBV4-p80 clones. The construction and production of these recombinant proteins have been previously described. A 359-base pair (bp) fragment of the gp48 region (nucleotides 1295-1653) and a 918-bp
Polar Mutations and Operon Function

What are polar mutations and polarity and what do they reveal about the functioning of operons ?
On normal modes in classical Hamiltonian systems

Normal modes of Hamittonian systems that are even and of classical type are characterized as the critical points of a normalized kinetic energy functional on level sets of the potential energy functional. With the aid of this constrained variational formulation the existence of at least one family of normal modes is proved and, for a restricted class of potentials, bifurcation of modes is investigated. Furthermore, a conjecture about a lower bound for the number of normal modes in case the potential is homogeneous, is proved.
Incidence of sinusitis in acute ischemic stroke patients

Abstract Background: There are numerous reports of the intracranial complications of paranasal sinusitis. Case reports have implied an association between stroke and sinusitis, especially in patients with coexisting stroke risk factors, but no studies have looked at the incidence of sinusitis in stroke patients. The objective of this study was to determine the incidence of sinusitis in all ischemic stroke patients admitted to this acute care hospital over 9 months. Methods: Data were obtained by chart review of all patients admitted to this institution’s acute stroke unit between March 2000 and November 2000 with a diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke. Sinusitis was confirmed by MRI. Results: Of the 244 patients admitted with ischemic stroke, n=29 had a secondary diagnosis of sinusitis (12%). 97% of these also had at least one known stroke risk factor. Use of over-the-counter medications containing Phenylpropanolamine was documented for none of the 29, although a history of recent headache, flu, head congestion, or chronic sinus problems was documented for 6. Conclusion: The evidence is consistent with the hypothesis that sinusitis may be a risk factor for ischemic stroke. Whether this association is independent of other risk factors requires further investigation.
CHEMICAL CHANGES IN THE ADDUCTOR MUSCLE OF THE CHELIPED OF THE CRAYFISH IN RELATION TO THE DOUBLE MOTOR INNERVATION.

Work from this laboratory has shown that a number of the striated muscles of the legs of the crayfish show a typical motor innervation (1). Such muscles are innervated by two motor fibers only, each causing a different type of contraction. One of these, resulting from stimulation of the thicker fiber, is termed the "fast" contraction, while the other is called the "slow." Both anatomical evidence and physiological experiments indicate that each muscle fiber is innervated by these two axons and that both contractions occur in the same muscle fibers (2, 3). The most striking difference between the two contractions is found in the adductor muscle of the cheliped of the crayfish. In this case, a single impulse in the thicker motor fiber causes a twitch-like contraction, and the system behaves in almost all respects as does a single motor unit of a vertebrate muscle: single shocks of different strengths give twitches of a considerable strength and a constant height, and during tetanic contraction the action currents are all of the same magnitude. In contrast to this, single shocks given to the thinner fiber produce no visible response in the muscle, but faradic stimulation causes action currents which grow in height and a contraction with a long latent period. The action currents in this case are always much smaller than those of the fast contraction. The chemical changes occurring in the adductor muscle of the cheliped of the crayfish Cambarus clarkii during these two types of contraction were investigated in order to obtain evidence on two possible mechanisms by which the two contractions might occur in the same muscle fiber. In the first place, two contractile substances might be present, a "phasic" and a "tonic" one, analogous to those supposed by Botazzi (4) in the vertebrate striated muscle, or the same substance might contract in both cases, the difference between the contractions being due solely to differences in the transmission mechanism between the nerve impulse and the contractile substance. Methods were devised for the rapid removal of the stimulated cheliped to liquid air and for the analysis of the frozen muscle tissue. The changes in phosphate and in lactic acid content were used as indices of the chemical changes occurring.
Electromagnetic Diffraction by a Planar Array of Circular Disks

In a recent paper the electromagnetic diffraction by a perfectly conducting circular disk was calculated. The induced surface current density was obtained as a power series in (ka), with k =2/spl pi/ / /spl lambda/=wave number and a = disk radius . These results are now used to calculate the diffraction by a planar rectangular array of disks. Problems of this sort are important in the studies of artificial dielectrics where the molecular dipoles of real dielectrics are replaced by conductors distributed regularly or at random in a supporting medium. For many cases, good approximate solutions have been found usually for conductors with dimensions very small compared to the wavelength or for some very simple geometrical configurations. The case of an array of disks has been the object of early investigations. In a first approximation, the disks are replaced by the induced electric and magnetic dipole moments which Bethe obtained during his studies of the diffraction by small holes. Later, the so-called static interaction, where phase differences between the oscillating dipoles are neglected, was taken into account.
Intrusion Detection in Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks

Intrusion detection in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is of practical interest in many applications such as detecting an intruder in a battlefield. The intrusion detection is defined as a mechanism for a WSN to detect the existence of inappropriate, incorrect, or anomalous moving attackers. For this purpose, it is a fundamental issue to characterize the WSN parameters such as node density and sensing range in terms of a desirable detection probability. In this paper, we consider this issue according to two WSN models: homogeneous and heterogeneous WSN. Furthermore, we derive the detection probability by considering two sensing models: single-sensing detection and multiple-sensing detection. In addition, we discuss the network connectivity and broadcast reachability, which are necessary conditions to ensure the corresponding detection probability in a WSN. Our simulation results validate the analytical values for both homogeneous and heterogeneous WSNs.
Assembly of the Adenoviral IVa2 and L4-22K Proteins on a Viral DNA Packaging Sequence

The human adenoviral (Ad) life cycle is divided into early and late phases.In the early phase, the virus optimizes the host environment for its replication. Once the virus starts replicating its genome, the life cycle enters the late phase. Many viral proteins, including capsid proteins, are encoded in the viral late gene region and expressed during the late phase. At the end of the late phase, the viral genomes are encapsidated to form the infectious viral particles. This encapsidation process is a critical step which requires threshold levels of progeny viral genomes and capsid proteins. To optimize assembly of viral particles, the viral late gene transcription and genome encapsidation processes must proceed as ordered events, i.e. they must be precisely regulated. In this scenario, the activation of the encapsidation pathway behaves like a classic genetic switch. Previous studies have shown that two viral proteins, IVa2 and L4-22K, recognize a specific DNA binding site within both the promoter region of viral late genes and the packaging sequence (PS) DNA which are required for encapsidation. However, the DNA architecture is different in these two regions. Multiple copies of this specific binding site have been identified in the PS DNA while only a single copy has been identified in the late gene promoter. We hypothesize the interaction of IVa2, L4-22K, and these specific DNA binding sites regulates the viral decision to initiate encapsidation. To develop a predictive model to describe this process, we have initiated a physical-chemical study of the assembly of the IVa2 and L4-22K proteins on these specific DNA sequences.
Obtaining transport diffusion coefficients from self-diffusion coefficients in nanoporous adsorption systems

In a continuation of the study of the adsorption and transport properties in a nanoporous adsorption system, transport diffusion coefficients are predicted from the self-diffusion coefficients using the Darken equation, modified for use in the adsorbed phase. We obtain self-diffusion coefficients using equilibrium molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Adsorption equilibrium data are required in this modified form, which are obtained using grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations. We show that principal component regression provides an elegant and robust method to integrate the data available from the MD and GCMC simulations for the prediction of transport diffusivities. We investigate the effect of the adsorbed phase concentration, mole fraction and temperature on the transport diffusion coefficient thus predicted. We show that the self- and the transport diffusion coefficients decrease with increasing adsorbed phase concentration. We also show that the transport diffusion coefficients decrease with ...
Stakeholder-driven, enquiry-driven, or stakeholder-relevant, enquiry-driven science?

There is currently debate within the international hydrological community on whether hydrological science should give priority to providing measurements, knowledge, and understanding pre-determined as being needed by stakeholders, or priority to more basic enquiry-driven science that will stimulate the continued health and growth of hydrology as an important Earth science discipline. Two recent major international initiatives in hydrology reflect these two perspectives. One, the Hydrology for the Environment, Life, and Policy (HELP) program, is primarily fostered by UNESCO-IHP and is focused on stimulating the stakeholder-driven hydrological science required in specific catchments that have become members of a global network. The second, the decade on Prediction in Ungauged Basins (PUB), which is appropriately managed by IAHS, is primarily driven by scientific enquiry and is focused on creating new scientific methods and understanding, albeit with practical application ultimately in mind. This paper summarizes the nature, origins, growth, and progress of these two international programs but also describes the subtly different approach that has been adopted by the U.S. National Science Foundation’s (NSF’s) Center for Sustainability of semi-Arid Hydrology and Riparian Areas (SAHRA). NSF is a federal agency whose primary goal is to “enable the future” by stimulating novel science. Because SAHRA is a federally-funded entity supported by an agency with this goal, the Center clearly cannot operate in stakeholder-driven, response mode in competition with the already effective private U.S. consultancy industry. Nonetheless, SAHRA’s mission is to create knowledge and build understanding that will enhance the prospects of sustainable water management in semi-arid regions, especially the southwestern U.S. To resolve this apparent conflict, SAHRA looks ahead to future stakeholder needs and builds its research agenda around selected critical stakeholder-relevant questions that require substantial and sustained investment in basic, multidisciplinary, enquiry-driven science. This paper describes SAHRA’s approach and reports on associated research and outreach activities.
Dynamic Capacity Allocation to Customers Who Remember Past Service

We study the problem faced by a supplier deciding how to dynamically allocate limited capacity among a portfolio of customers who remember the fill rates provided to them in the past. A customer's order quantity is positively correlated with past fill rates. Customers differ from one another in their contribution margins, their sensitivities to the past, and in their demand volatilities. By analyzing and comparing policies that ignore goodwill with ones that account for it, we investigate when and how customer memory effects impact supplier profits. We develop an approximate dynamic programming policy that dynamically rationalizes the fill rates the firm provides to each customer. This policy achieves higher rewards than margin-greedy and Lagrangian policies and yields insights into how a supplier can effectively manage customer memories to its advantage. This paper was accepted by Martin Lariviere, operations management.
Ed-regressive sets of order n

A number is a nonnegative integer, and E is the set of numbers. In [3], J. C. E. Dekker introduced the concept of a regressive set of order n as the range of a one-one function f of n arguments such that (i) domain f ⊆ En and, if (x1, …, xn) ∈ domain f, and yi ≤ ≤ xi for 1 ≤ i ≤ n, then (y1, …, yn) ∈ domain f, and (ii) if 1 ≤ i ≤ n and (x1, …, xn) ∈ domain f, then f(x1 … xi−1, xi ∸ 1, xi+1 … xn) can be found effectively from f(x1 … xn). (0 ∸ 1 = 0 and, for m ≥ 1, m ∸ 1 = m − 1.) Since one can take the view, as Dekker did when first introducing regressive functions in [1], that a regressive set of order one is the range of a function of the above type which is of order one and everywhere defined, it seems natural to study the n-dimensional analogue in which (i) is replaced by “domain f = En.” It is the purpose of this paper to study such sets.
The crisis in private university education: A stimulation experiment

This investigation presents a narrative and quantitative description of the private university crisis. It proposes a theoretical explanation in the form of a dynamic, mathematical model of a hypothetical system at the organization level—a private university operating in a hypothetical environment (i.e., one with a ten percent inflation rate). The demographic submodels simulate the application and acceptance rates of both students and faculty (disaggregated into high- and low-performance types) and interfaces these with a set of financial submodels simulating university budgeting practices. After consideration of the general static, dynamic, and causal structure of the model, four policy simulations are described. In the context of the structural and environmental assumptions embodied in the model, of the four tests, only an externally subsidized tuition equalization program averts collapse of the private university.
Gait mechanics in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by the frequent association of disease outside the lung. The objective of this study was to determine the presence of biomechanical gait abnormalities in COPD patients compared to healthy controls while well rested and without rest. Patients with COPD (N = 17) and aged-matched, healthy controls (N = 21) walked at their self-selected pace down a 10-meter walkway while biomechanical gait variables were collected. A one-minute rest was given between each of the five collected trials to prevent tiredness (REST condition). Patients with COPD then walked at a self-selected pace on a treadmill until the onset of self-reported breathlessness or leg tiredness. Subjects immediately underwent gait analysis with no rest between each of the five collected trials (NO REST condition). Statistical models with and without covariates age, gender, and smoking history were used. After adjusting for covariates, COPD patients demonstrated more ankle power absorption in mid-stance (P = 0.006) than controls during both conditions. Both groups during NO REST demonstrated increased gait speed (P = 0.04), stride length (P = 0.03), and peak hip flexion (P = 0.04) with decreased plantarflexion moment (P = 0.04) and increased knee power absorption (P = 0.04) as compared to REST. A significant interaction revealed that peak ankle dorsiflexion moment was maintained from REST to NO REST for COPD but increased for controls (P < 0.01). Stratifying by disease severity did not alter these findings, except that step width decreased in NO REST as compared to REST (P = 0.01). Standardized effect sizes of significant effects varied from 0.5 to 0.98. Patients with COPD appear to demonstrate biomechanical gait changes at the ankle as compared to healthy controls. This was seen not only in increased peak ankle power absorption during no rest but was also demonstrated by a lack of increase in peak ankle dorsiflexion moment from the REST to the NO REST condition as compared to the healthy controls. Furthermore, a wider step width has been associated with fall risk and this could account for the increased incidence of falls in patients with COPD.
Materialized object-oriented views in MultiView

Object-oriented view mechanisms have received much attention in the literature in recent years, since they provide powerful mechanisms for addressing tasks such as customized tool interfacing to object-oriented databases (OODBs) and interoperability of heterogeneous databases. However, little progress has been made thus far on addressing the topic of view materialization in object-oriented databases. In the context of the MultiView project, we have developed an object model and an accompanying set of algorithms for the support of updatable materialized views in OODBs. We take advantage of unique features of the MultiView model, including its support for object-preserving queries, the integration of base and virtual classes into a unified and consistent global class hierarchy, and an object-slicing approach. In this paper, we present the MultiView model of materialized views, supporting updates on both base and virtual classes. We also describe a set of efficient algorithms for incremental view maintenance. >
The Influence of Corruption and Language on the Protrade Effect of Immigrants: Evidence from the American States

The protrade effect of immigrants on the bilateral export performance of the 50 American states and the District of Columbia with respect to 87 foreign countries is studied. This effect, which posits that a greater number of immigrants in a host location leads to increased trade between the host and the immigrants' origin country, has been supported in a number of studies. Here, we extend this approach and find that the immigrant effect is greater when the origin country's political system is more corrupt and less important when Spanish or English is the language of the origin country. State-level export data averaged over the 1990–1992 period are used.
Electron Microscopy of the Cell Wall of Rickettsia prowazeki

Purified Rickettsia prowazeki were found to undergo morphological changes resembling plasmolysis when stained with uranyl acetate, resulting in rod-like forms. Sequential electron micrographs of disintegrating organisms provide evidence for the cell wall origin of these rod-like forms. The substructure of the cell wall was discerned by using negative-contrast electron microscopy. The wall was found to be composed of repetitive subunits with a periodicity of 13 nm and was surrounded by a thin membrane.
How Pre-service Teachers' Understand and Perform Science Process Skills

This study explored pre-service teachers’ conceptual understanding and performance on science process skills. A sample comprised 91 elementary pre-service teachers at a university in the Midwest of the USA. Participants were enrolled in two science education courses; introductory science teaching methods course and advanced science methods course. Data were collected through a questionnaire. Results showed that pre-service teachers had limited conceptual understanding of science process skills. On the other hand, they had higher performance on the science process skills. Whilst majority of the participants were unable to provide correct definitions of the science process skills, they performed well on the test that involved novel situations of the process skills. The findings have implications for science teaching, learning and teacher education.
Shot noise in resonant tunneling through an interacting quantum dot with intradot spin-flip scattering

We present theoretical investigation of the zero-frequency shot-noise spectra in electron tunneling through an interacting quantum dot connected to two ferromagnetic leads with the possibility of spin-flip scattering between the two spin states by means of the recently developed bias-voltage and temperature-dependent quantum rate equations. For this purpose, a generalization of the traditional generation-recombination approach is made for properly taking into account the coherent superposition of electronic states, i.e., the nondiagonal density matrix elements. Our numerical calculations find that the Fano factor increases with increasing the polarization of the two leads, but decreases with increasing the intradot spin-flip scattering.
Molecular orbital calculations on the oligopeptides netropsin, distamycin and related compounds

The electronic structure of the antibiotics netropsin, distamycin A, and related compounds has been examined by various theoretical models. Calculations of both the Pariser-Parr-Pople (PPP) and the semiempirical CNDO/S types can account for the absorption spectrum of netropsin and distamycin A. The CD spectrum has been calculated for the conformation of netropsin found in the crystal structure of a netropsin/DNA dodecamer. Not all the CD spectral features can be attributed entirely to the chiral conformation of netropsin, indicating that there are significant interactions between netropsin and DNA. A CD calculation was also performed for distamycin A in a similar conformation. An examination of the charge-density maps of the excited states suggests that there is substantial charge transfer from the pyrrole ring to either of the adjacent peptide linkages in these systems. At higher energies, even longer distance charge transfer can be observed. Similar behavior was seen in the monomers pyrrole-2-carboxamide and 3-(formylamino)pyrrole.
Three-Dimensional Elasticity-Based Solutions for Natural Vibrations of Low Aspect Ratio Compressor Blades

This paper offers three-dimensional (3-D) vibration frequency solutions for low aspect ratio compressor blades. The Ritz method is used to minimize the 3-D elasticity-based dynamical energies with displacements approximated by mathematically complete polynomials satisfying the clamped boundary conditions exactly. The accuracy of the method is established by a convergence study explicitly showing the influence of solution determinant size. Several tables are presented which show the variation of natural frequencies with twist angle in the presence of skewness of low aspect ratio compressor blades. Results obtained using the present Ritz method are used to elucidate those frequency solutions which are inaccessible using beam, plate and shell theories, since kinematic constraints associated with these theories are eliminated in the present 3-D approach.Copyright © 1993 by ASME
Climatic controls on hillslope angle and relief in the Himalayas

Comparison of rainfall data and mean hillslope angles in the Himalayas of central Nepal shows that mean hillslope angles decrease with increasing mean annual rainfall. Higher pore pressures and higher rates of chemical weathering in the wetter regions may decrease the threshold angle of hillslopes prone to landsliding. When valley spacing is held constant, the sensitivity of mean hillslope angle to climate implies that relief, in the absence of limits due to rock strength, is also dependent on climate. These results suggest that wet-to-dry climatic changes increase relief in regions with incising bedrock channels and that dry-to-wet climatic changes reduce relief.
Fully robotic-assisted technique for total pancreatectomy with an autologous islet transplant in chronic pancreatitis patients: results of a first series.

Received November 7, 2013; Revised December 3, 2 December 9, 2013. From the Section of Minimally Invasive and Robotic Su Samame), Institute for Cellular Transplantation (Rilo), a Transplantation and Hepatopancreaticobiliary Surgery (P Gruessner), Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, Correspondence address: Carlos A Galvani, MD, Section Invasive and Robotic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Arizona, College of Medicine, 1501 N Campbell Ave, PO Tucson, AZ 85724-5066. email: cgalvani@surgery.arizona.e
DC sputtered amorphous In–Sn–Zn–O thin-film transistors: Electrical properties and stability

Abstract In this study, we investigated the electrical properties of DC sputtered amorphous In–Sn–Zn–O (a-ITZO) thin-film transistors (TFTs) fabricated under various process conditions. Fabricated a-ITZO TFTs achieved a threshold voltage ( V T ) of 1.0 V, subthreshold swing ( SS ) of 0.38 V/dec and field-effect mobility ( μ eff ) of around 30 cm 2 /V s. An analytical field-effect mobility model is proposed for a-ITZO TFTs with key parameters extracted using different methods. The impacts of a-ITZO channel thickness and oxygen gas flow ratio on device performance were evaluated. Finally, the a-ITZO TFT bias-temperature stress (BTS) induced electrical instability was studied. In comparison to amorphous In–Ga–Zn–O (a-IGZO) TFTs, improved electrical stability was observed for a-ITZO TFTs using exactly the same BTS conditions.
Personal Agency in the Accumulation of Multiple Role-Identities

Identity theory and its parent theory, symbolic interactionism, are based on the fundamental premise that society and self mutually shape and influence each other. In this chapter, I focus especially on the self-affects-society side of this interdependent relationship, because it has been neglected both theoretically and empirically. My goal is to foster greater appreciation of the degree to which individuals are active agents in their own lives and to spell out some of the implications of this observation for the further expansion of identity theory.
The Russian Economy in November 2012: Preliminary Data and Major Trends - Social and Political Background

Roman Panov (who was consequently arrested), the top managers of Rostelecom, and the former topmost officials from the RF Ministry of Agriculture. The active coverage of these scandalous developments by the mass media indicates that the authorities are eager to boost their popularity by initiating an ostentatious anti-corruption campaign. According to public opinion research agencies, the approval ratings of the authorities were on the decline throughout the second half of 2012.
Legality in the Modern International and Internationalized Criminal Courts and Tribunals

This is a draft Chapter 6 of Kenneth S. Gallant, The Principle of Legality in International and Comparative Criminal Law (Cambridge Univ. Press 2009).Chapter 6 examines the principle of legality in the international and internationalized courts and tribunals from the ICTY through the ICC and the new tribunals such as Sierra Leone, Kosovo, East Timor and Cambodia. It examines both legal texts of the courts and practice for those courts where there is practice. The ICC provisions particularly are more complex than they are sometimes given credit for being, and limit the jurisdiction of the Court, including in some cases of Security Council referrals. The ad hoc and internationalized tribunal materials discusses how the principle of legality in criminal law binds international organizations, as well as states, in the process of criminal law-making.
Separation of Sodium Salts of Fatty Acids in Aqueous Solutions by Reverse Osmosis Membranes

The removal of some sodium salts of fatty acids in aqueous solutions was studied by reverse osmosis process (batch system) using cellulose acetate membranes.The results were as follows : When the concentration of sodium salts of fatty acids is 100 mg/l, the rejection showed the low values when the carbon number of alkyl groups on the sodium salts of fatty acids was C2 to C8, and when the carbon number of alkyl groups increases to C10C18 the rejection tends to be higher. The difference in water permeability was little between C2 to C18 sodium salts of fatty acids.The rejection increased as the surface tension of sodium salts of fatty acids became lower.
Effects of sorghum grain tannins and dietary protein on the activity of liver UDP-glucuronyltransferase.

AbstractThe activity of liver microsomal UDP-glucuronyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.17), an enzyme known to detoxify phenolic compounds, was measured in chicks and rats fed high- (HTS) and low-tannin sorghums (LTS). In an initial investigation, activity was significantly elevated in chicks fed HTS-soybean meal diets over those fed the LTS control diet. Other studies were designed to differentiate between the effects due to tannin and those resulting from a protein deficiency which had previously been reported to increase the activity of this enzyme. In general, only a relatively small part of the increased activity observed by feeding HTS to chicks could be attributed to a tannin-induced protein deficiency. The same phenomenon of elevated activity produced by feeding HTS to chicks was not observed in the rat. These results would suggest that sorghum tannins, or their breakdown products, are absorbed and activating UDP-glucuronyltransferase in the chick, but not the rat.
Effect of Digitalis Administration on Experimental Hypertrophy.

In preliminary experiments it was observed that, after fertilization, the eggs of Strongylocentrotus purpuratus showed, near the periphery, light and dark phases when rotated between crossed Nicols. The effect, however, was partially masked by the opaque granules of the cytoplasm. In order to eliminate this difficulty the unfertilized ova were centrifuged at approximately 60,000 gravities for 3 minutes, flotation of the eggs being insured by the addition of sufficient M/l solution of sucrose to the sea water in the tubes. After centrifugation the eggs were transferred to sea water and microscopic preparations made in the usual way. The eggs appeared elliptical in shape, with the nucleus at the centripetal end and the opaque granules at the opposite pole occupying about ⅓ of the egg. The remaining ⅔ of the egg was transparent and showed no bire-fringent effects with polarized light. Within 3 minutes after fertilization, however, when the membrane was forming and afterward, the clear cytoplasm gave evidence...
Antifungal properties of the insect alarm pheromones, citral, 2-heptanone, and 4-methyl-3-heptanone.

Compounds utilized by insects for chemical communication were variably toxic to fungal species representing the genera Pythium, Rhizoctonia, Diplodia, Fusarium, Penicillium, Gliocladium, Cunningham...
SP0098 Ultrasound in Lung Fibrosis

Promising data have recently been obtained by lung ultrasound (LUS), which allows the detection of pulmonary fibrosis by the evaluation of B-lines (previously called ultrasound lung comets). B-lines are the sonographic sign of pulmonary interstitial involvement, including increased thickness of the pulmonary septa. Traditionally, B-lines have been employed in patients with heart failure to detect the location and quantification of extravascular lung water, but many data suggest their use also in assessing interstitial lung disease. Assessment of B-lines by LUS would represent an attractive biomarker for the frequent evaluation of pulmonary involvement in patients with rheumatic disease, since it is non-ionising, inexpensive and easy to perform and interpret. Image/graph Disclosure of Interest None Declared
Topographical and geological amplifications determined from strong-motion and aftershock records of the 3 March 1985 Chile earthquake

Site-response experiments were performed 5 months after the MS = 7.8 central Chile earthquake of 3 March 1985 to identify amplification due to topography and geology. Topographical amplification at Canal Beagle, a subdivision of Vina del Mar, was hypothesized immediately after the main event, when extensive damage was observed on the ridges of Canal Beagle. Using frequency-dependent spectral ratios of aftershock data obtained from a temporarily established dense array, it is shown that there is substantial amplification of motions at the ridges of Canal Beagle. The data set constitutes the first such set depicting topographical amplification at a heavily populated region and correlates well with the damage distribution observed during the main event. Dense arrays established in Vina del Mar also yielded extensive data which are quantified to show that, in the range of frequencies of engineering interest, there was substantial amplification at different sites of different geological formations. To substantiate this, spectral ratios developed from the strong-motion records of the main event are used to show the extensive degree of amplification at an alluvial site as compared to a rock site. Similarly, spectral ratios developed from aftershocks recorded at comparable stations qualitatively confirm that the frequency ranges for which the amplification of motions occur are quite similar to those from strong-motion records. In case of weak motions, the denser arrays established temporarily as described herein can be used to identify the frequency ranges for which amplification occurs, to quantify the degree of frequency-dependent amplification and used in microzonation of closely spaced localities.
Surgical treatment of intracranial aneuysms following failed embolization

Objective To introduce and summarize the experience of surgical treatment of intracranial aneurysms in which embolization was of failure.Methods 8 cases of intracranial aneurysms (5 male, 3 female) with failed embolization, including 3 cases of posterior communicating artery aneurysms, 2 cases of anterior communicating aneurysms, one case of A 1 segment, one case of middle cerebral artery bifurcation aneurysms, one case of posterior inferior cerebellar artery aneurysm, were treated by microsurgical procedures between February 1999 and April 2002. The mean diameter was 12 mm.Results All cases were clipped successfully and the post-operative procedures were smooth. Post-operative digital subtraction angiography (DSA) demonstrated that all aneurysms disappeared and there was no residual aneurysm. There was no aneurysm re-bleeding, no surgical complication and no mortality.Conclusion Choice of embolization must be according to strict adaptions. If residual aneurysms or re-vascularizion happen, surgical clipping is recommended.
And what of the children

Now that legislative efforts on behalf of the elderly have been completed, it seems appropriate to pose the question 'How have the children fared; have they once again been over-shadowed by our concern for the elderly?' In 1986, more than twelve million children--almost 20 percent of all children--lived in poverty.