cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nesting, safety, layering, and autonomy: a coordinated computational intelligence (CCI) approach to folding legged robot locomotion and gymnastic training

A coordinated computational intelligence (CCI) approach is presented for folding-legged robot locomotion and gymnastics. The new approach is based on the hypotheses that (1) the human cerebellum consists of a school of semiautonomous neural-fuzzy cerebellar agents coordinated by common sense cerebellar motion laws; and (2) agents can learn individually and learned agents can discover new agents and cerebellar laws. Based on the CCI theory, a multiagent cerebellar architecture, MAC-J, is extended from 3-link uniped locomotion control to 4-link uniped locomotion control and from locomotion control to gymnastic training. Basic ideas are illustrated with a 4-link uniped simulation The principle of "increasing intelligence with decreasing precision" in hierarchical control is extended to four principles for the nesting, safety, layering and autonomy of cerebellar agents.
Early diagnosis of nontransmural myocardial infarction by two-dimensional echocardiography☆

Thirty patients with chest pain syndromes were studied on admission by two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE) to confirm or exclude acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Twelve patients suffered nontransmural AMI and 18 patients had no AMI. There was no significant difference between these groups in background characteristics. 2DE studies were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. The most sensitive and specific technique for detecting AMI was qualitative analysis, using the presence of severe hypokinesis as the criterion for an abnormal study. Using this technique, 10 of 12 patients (83%) with AMI and all 18 patients (100%) without AMI were correctly identified. This analysis technique was highly reproducible. These data indicate that in patients with chest pain syndromes without diagnostic ECG findings of AMI, 2DE may provide a rapid, sensitive, specific tool to aid in the establishment of the correct diagnosis. In patients with nontransmural AMI, the presence of severe hypokinesis appears to be the best discriminator of myocardial infarction.
Covalent Cross-Linked Polymer/Single-Wall Carbon Nanotube Multilayer Films

Layer-by-layer films have been constructed from a cationic diazoresin and poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate)-functionalized single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNT). Raman and near-IR absorption spectra indicate that some diazonium ions reacted with SWNT during film construction. The ionic bonds in the film between diazonium ions and sulfonate ions converted to covalent bonds upon UV irradiation as shown by the disappearance of diazonium ion peaks in the UV and IR spectra and appearance of an arenesulfonate peak in the IR spectra. The resistance of the film toward etching by polar solvents increased significantly after irradiation.
Epicardial Catheter Ablation Through Subxiphoid Surgical Approach in a Patient With Implanted Left Ventricular Assist Device and Cannula-Related Ventricular Tachycardia

A 70-year-old man with nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy initially diagnosed in 2001 and history of cardiac resynchronization therapy-defibrillator implant was admitted to our institution for advanced heart failure therapies. He required hospitalization in December 2013 for marked volume overload, at which time cardiac imaging showed his left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction to be 10% to 15% and his LV end-diastolic dimension 7.9 cm. The patient underwent implant of a Heartmate II LV assist device (LVAD; Thoratec, Pleasanton, CA) with concurrent mitral valve ring repair, tricuspid valve ring repair, and aortic valve repair. However, on postoperative day 9, he developed repetitive monomorphic ventricular tachycardia (VT) with rate 141 bpm (Figure 1). During VT, a decrease in pulsatility index was noted on LVAD interrogation. A transesophageal echocardiogram demonstrated excellent cannula position, and no evidence of LVAD-cannula–induced suction events was observed. The VT was unresponsive to antitachycardia pacing, and despite treatment with amiodarone, lidocaine, and esmolol infusions, VT remained incessant. Figure 1. ECG of ventricular tachycardia, consistent with apical site of origin. An initial catheter ablation was performed using an endocardial approach. A 3-dimensional electroanatomic map (CARTO; Biosense Webster, Diamond Bar, CA) of the left and right ventricles with a 3.5-mm open-irrigated catheter (Thermocool SF; Biosense Webster) demonstrated a small area of …
Biological responses of the rat to polychlorinated biphenyls.

Abstract A commercial polychlorinated biphenyl mixture (PCBs), Aroclor 1242, was administered to rats po by intubation in order to determine toxic manifestations of acute and subacute ingestion. In addition, the effect of PCBs on hepatic microsomal enzyme systems in rats was evaluated. The oral, 14-day LD50 was determined to be approximately 4.25 g/kg. Major toxic signs observed upon administration of high doses of PCBs included diarrhea, chromodacryorrhea, loss of body weight, unusual stance and gait, lack of response to pain stimuli, and terminal ataxia. Progressive dehydration and CNS depression appeared to be contributing factors in each fatality. Histopathologic alterations were evident only in the liver and kidneys, manifest as foci of sudanophilic vacuolation. Rats maintained on an oral dosage regimen of 100 mg/kg every other day for 3 weeks exhibited similar histopathologic changes, but no overt signs of toxicity. Serum GOT activities were elevated over controls in both the acute and subacute groups. A single ip injection (100 mg/kg) increased liver weight, total hepatic microsomal enzyme activity (measured as hydroxylation of acetanilide and N-demethylation of aminopyrine), and hepatic cytochrome P 450 and b 5 levels. Hepatic microsomal enzyme activity remained elevated 10 days after a single dose of PCBs, suggesting that PCBs may play an important role in altering biologic responses of mammals subjected to environmental chemical stress.
TH-E-17A-08: Estimation of Image Quality of 4-Dimensional Computed Tomography (4DCT) Via Fourier Analysis of Corresponding 1D Breathing Surrogate.

Purpose: Motion artifacts are common in patient 4DCT, leading to an illdefined tumor volume with variation up to 110% or setting up a poor foundation with low imaging fidelity for tumor motion study. We developed a method to estimate 4DCT image quality by establishing a correlation between the severity of motion artifacts in 4DCT images and the periodicity of corresponding 1D respiratory wave-function (1DRW) surrogate used for 4DCT reconstruction. Methods: Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT) was applied to analyze 1DRW periodicity, defined as the sum of the 5 largest Fourier coefficients, ranging in 0–1. Distortional motion artifacts of cine-scan 4DCT at the junctions of adjacent couchposition scans around the diaphragm were identified in 3 categories: incomplete, overlapping and duplicate. To quantify these artifacts, the discontinuity of the diaphragm at the junctions was measured in distance and averaged along 6 directions in 3 orthogonal views. Mean and sum artifacts per junction (APJ) across the entire diaphragm were calculated in each breathing phase. To make the APJ inter-patient comparable, patientspecific motion was removed from APJ by dividing patient-specific diaphragmatic velocity (displacement divided by the mean period, from FFT analysis of the 1DRW) and the normalized APJ was defined as motion artifact severity (MAS). Twenty-five patients with free-breathing 10-phase 4DCT and corresponding 1DRW surrogate datasets were studied. Results: A mild correlation of 0.56 was found between 1DRW periodicity and 4DCT artifact severity. Higher MAS tends to appear around mid inhalation and mid exhalation and the lowest MAS tends to be around full exhalation. The breathing periodicity of >0.8 possesses minimal motion artifacts. Conclusion: The 1D-4D correlation provides a fast means to estimate 4DCT image quality. Using 1DRW signal, we can retrospectively screen out high-quality 4DCT images for clinical research (periodicity>0.8) and prospectively identify poor breathers as candidates of breath coaching prior to 4DCT scan. This research is in part supported by NIH (U54CA137788/132378). MC would like to thank MSKCC summer medical student research program supported by National Cancer Institute and hosted by Department of Medical Physics at MSKCC.
Reviewing suicide in Native American communities: situating risk and protective factors within a transactional-ecological framework

The alarming prevalence of suicidal behaviors in Native American communities remains a major concern in the 21st-century United States. Recent reviews have demonstrated that prevention programs and intervention efforts using transactional–ecological models have effectively reduced suicidal behaviors in the American Indian and Alaska Native populations sampled. As a result, this article adopts a transactional–ecological framework for conceptualizing suicidality and identifying points of intervention. Drawing on the most current empirical reports, the epidemiology of Native American suicidal behaviors is reviewed, while situating risk and protective factors within a biopsychosocial framework. Opportunities for intervention are discussed with a focus on the interactions between individuals and their environments, and the antecedent conditions leading to zones of heightened suicide risk.
Total Synthesis and Antibacterial Properties of Carbaplatensimycin

The chemical synthesis and biological evaluation of carbaplatensimycin, the carbon analogue of the recently reported antibiotic platensimycin has been accomplished. Carbaplatensimycin exhibited similar potency to the natural product as an antibacterial agent against a variety of strains, including methicilin- and vancomycin-resistant bacteria.
Specific Therapy for Local and Systemic Complications of Acute Pancreatitis With Monoclonal Antibodies Against ICAM-1

Acute pancreatitis is a disease of variable severity. Approximately 80% of patients have a relatively mild attack that resolves with little or no complications; the mortality rate is low. However, the 20% of patients in whom pancreatic necrosis develops may incur systemic complications and a mortality rate as high as 40%. 1 Recent investigations have established that one of the earliest pathophysiologic events in pancreatitis is the colocalization of acinar cell organelles containing digestive and lysosomal enzymes, resulting in premature intracellular activation of proteases. 2,3 Numerous treatments directed at inhibiting this autodigestive process have been ineffective, 4,5 in part because patients seek medical attention long after these initiating events have occurred. The individual pancreatic cell injury becomes magnified and propagated by inducing (through incompletely defined mediators) impaired microcirculation, leukocyte adhesion, and leukocyte infiltration. These become central events in the pathogenesis of pancreatic necrosis and its extrapancreatic complications. 6,7 Organ dysfunction occurs in one in four patients with acute pancreatitis, and 60% who die in the first week of the disease die from pulmonary damage. 8 Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) is expressed on endothelial cells and is responsive to numerous inflammatory mediators. 9 It mediates both leukocyte adhesion and migration through the endothelium into tissues. 10 Monoclonal antibodies against ICAM-1 have been shown to ameliorate ischemia–reperfusion injury of striated muscle in mice. 11 The aim of the present study was to analyze the time course of upregulation and levels of expression of ICAM-1 adhesion molecules in the pancreas and lung in pancreatitis, to correlate changes with the severity of pancreatitis, and to test the therapeutic potential for monoclonal antibody against ICAM-1 in necrotizing pancreatitis.
qPMS9: An Efficient Algorithm for Quorum Planted Motif Search

Discovering patterns in biological sequences is a crucial problem. For example, the identification of patterns in DNA sequences has resulted in the determination of open reading frames, identification of gene promoter elements, intron/exon splicing sites and SH RNAs, location of RNA degradation signals, identification of alternative splicing sites, etc. In protein sequences, patterns have led to domain identification, location of protease cleavage sites, identification of signal peptides, protein interactions, determination of protein degradation elements, identification of protein trafficking elements, discovery of short functional motifs, etc. In this paper we focus on the identification of an important class of patterns, namely, motifs. We study the (l, d) motif search problem or Planted Motif Search (PMS). PMS receives as input n strings and two integers l and d. It returns all sequences M of length l that occur in each input string, where each occurrence differs from M in at most d positions. Another formulation is quorum PMS (qPMS), where the motif appears in at least q% of the strings. We introduce qPMS9, a parallel exact qPMS algorithm that offers significant runtime improvements on DNA and protein datasets. qPMS9 solves the challenging DNA (l, d)-instances (28, 12) and (30, 13). The source code is available at https://code.google.com/p/qpms9/ .
L-type Ca2+ channel alpha 1c subunit isoform switching in failing human ventricular myocardium.

Abstract Y. Yang, X. Chen, K. Margulies, V. Jeevanandam, P. Pollack, B. A. Bailey and S. R. Houser. L-Type Ca2+Channel α1cSubunit Isoform Switching in Failing Human Ventricular Myocardium.Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology (2000) 32, 973–984. The objectives of this study were to determine the relative abundance of the L-type Ca channel α1cIVS3 isoforms that result from alternative splicing in normal human ventricular myocytes and to measure the changes in isoform expression in end stage heart failure. Methods: mRNA was isolated from left ventricular tissue and myocytes from non-failing and failing human hearts. RT-PCR with isoform-specific primers was used to obtain cDNAs that were then mutated for use in competitive PCR reactions. An RNase protection assay was also used to confirm the presence of one of the novel isoforms. Results: Four different α1c. IVS3 isoforms were found in non-failing human ventricular myocytes using RT-PCR. Two isoforms contained exon 31 (termed IVS3A isoforms) and two isoforms contained exon 32 (termed IVS3B isoforms). One of these isoforms has not been observed previously and contains exon 31 and all but the last six base pairs of exon 32. In non-failing human ventricular myocytes the IVS3A isoform is 2.5 times more abundant than the IVS3B isoform. There were significant changes in the relative abundance of these isoforms in failing hearts, with the IVS3B isoform being twice as abundant as the IVS3A isoform. All isoforms were confirmed by RNase protection analysis. Conclusions: These experiments show that there are at least four L-type Ca channel mRNA isoforms in the normal human heart and that the relative abundance of these isoforms changes significantly in heart failure. These α1cisoform changes in heart failure are associated with dysfunctional electromechanical disturbances, but the specific physiological role of each L-type Ca channel isoform in normal and failing hearts needs to be defined.
Modified flax fibers reinforced soy-based composites: mechanical properties and water absorption behavior

Flax fibers are often used in reinforced composites which have exhibited numerous advantages such as high mechanical properties, low density and biodegradablility. On the other hand, the hydrophilic nature of flax fiber is a major problem. In this study, we prepare the soybean oil based composites reinforced with protein coated and lipid acylated flax fibers and compare their water uptake properties. Results showed that water resistance properties of the composites are improved where treated flax fibers are used. The composite with lipid acylation of the flax fiber exhibited to enhance tensile strength and water resistance properties. Influences of fiber length, fiber loading and pressure on mechanical properties are also reported.
The effect of strychnine sulfate on maze learning as a function of task difficulty

Strychnine sulfate injected Ss reached criterion performance in a Lashley III maze in significantly fewer trials than their saline injected controls. No significant difference was observed between performance of experimental and control groups with the less complex Lashley I maze.
Methods of disseminating scientific information, and science information activities in the USSR

[The following is a slightly condensed and consolidated translation of two papers, “Research Journals as a Means of Disseminating Scientific Information” and “Organization of Scientific Information Activities in the Soviet Union and the Methods Used in the Preparation of the Referativnyi Zhurnal (Abstract Journal) at the Institute of Scientific Information of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR” by Professor B. M. Tareev, Chief Editor of Rererativnyi Zhurnal—Elektrotekhnika i Energetika (Abstract Journal— Electrical and Power Engineering) of the Institute of Scientific Information of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. These papers were prepared for the Section of Scientific Information of the Tenth Pacific Science Congress, August 1961, Honolulu, Hawaii].
Clinically unsuspected Hodgkin disease presenting initially in the bone marrow of patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus.

Background Hodgkin disease (HD) in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is an aggressive neoplasm that often exhibits high stage and extranodal involvement at the time of presentation. Because of the propensity of HIV-associated HD to involve the bone marrow early in the course of the neoplasm, bone marrow examination may often represent the initial source for the diagnosis. In most cases, however, there is a clinical suspicion of HD before bone marrow examination. Methods Three cases are presented in which HD was not clinically suspected and the initial diagnosis of the neoplasm was suggested by atypical lymphohistiocytic lesions identified on routine bone marrow examination, later to be confirmed by lymph node biopsy. Results In none of the cases was HD clinically suspected before bone marrow examination; in two cases, fever was the only clue that the patients may have HD. It was found on bone marrow biopsy that all three patients had lymphohistiocytic aggregates with large atypical mononuclear cells suggestive but not diagnostic of HD. Conclusions Bone marrow examination may provide the initial evidence of HD in HIV-infected patients, even when there is little or no clinical indication of the neoplasm.
Immunocytochemical localization of polyamines in the tiger salamander retina

The polyamines spermine and spermidine are present in neural tissue, but their functions there are not well understood. Recent work suggests that the NMDA subtype of glutamate receptors, other glutamate receptor subtypes, and certain K+-channels, are neural targets for polyamines. To better understand the neuron-specific roles of polyamines, we have developed antibodies that interact with spermine and spermidine in aldehyde-fixed tissue and used these antibodies in immunocytochemical studies to determine the cellular localization of these polyamines in the tiger salamander retina. The affinity-purified, polyclonal antibodies were highly specific for spermine and spermidine, exhibiting < 1 % cross reactivity with putrescine, and virtually no cross-reactivity with GABA, arginine, lysine, or glutaraldehyde. Polyamine labeling was most abundant in cells in the inner half of the inner nuclear layer and in the ganglion cell layer. Some cells in the outer half of the inner nuclear layer are labeled, and there was some labeling in both synaptic layers. Double-labeling experiments indicated (1) all GABAergic amacrine cells were polyamine-positive; and (2) all ganglion cells (identified by back-filling after microinjections of rhodamine in the optic nerve) were polyamine-positive. These results are consistent with a role for polyamines as modulators of NMDA receptor function and channel function in the inner retina.
Influence of Oxygen Concentration and Water Movement on the Growth of Steelhead Trout and Coho Salmon Embryos

Abstract Embryos of coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch (Walbaum), and steelhead trout, Salmo gairdneri gairdneri Richardson, were reared from fertilization of the eggs to hatching, at about 10° C, at different concentrations of dissolved oxygen ranging from about 2.5 to 11.5 mg/liter and at different water velocities ranging from about 3 to 750 cm/hour. Some of the embryos rested on porous plates, while others were buried in glass beads so as to simulate natural conditions more closely. Fry from embryos reared at low and intermediate oxygen concentrations hatched later and were smaller in size at hatching than fry from embryos reared at concentrations near the air-saturation level. At all oxygen concentrations tested, reduced water velocities resulted in reduced size of hatching fry. This effect of velocity was nearly as pronounced at high oxygen concentrations as at low concentrations. The effect of the difference of water velocities tested was less than the effect of the difference of oxygen concentratio...
The detection of upper gastrointestinal bleeding sites by ultraviolet endoscopy

Ultraviolet endoscopy of the upper gastrointestinal tract was used in a series of patients with upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage to assess its value in identifying bleeding sites. Experience to date with 26 such examinations in 22 patients would strongly suggest that ultraviolet endoscopy may be a helpful supplement to conventional endoscopy. Through its use, a lesion that may not appear to be bleeding by conventional endoscopy using white light may be shown to be oozing blood. Further, when multiple lesions are present, those responsible for bleeding may be more specifically identified.
Different polynomial representations and their interaction in the portable algebra system PORT-ALG

In recent years a system for the handling of large multivariate polynomials has been developed at the University of Alabama in Birmingham. The coding is generally done in Fortran IV; some special features are coded in PL/1, for the IBM systems 360 or 370. No machine coding is involved.
The active site of acetylcholin esterase probed by a photochromic ligand.

Abstract The photochromic ligand PTA is shown to exhibit induced optical activity only if it is in the trans - form and bound to an asymmetric, ordered macromolecular matrix possessing hydrophobic binding sites. This observation can be used to probe for the existence and location of hydrophobic, ordered amino acids in the active cleft of an enzyme. It also explains the regulation of enzymic activity by reversible photo isomerization of PTA.
Growth Hormone and Adrenal Androgen Secretion

The effect of growth hormone (GH) on adrenal androgen secretion was assessed in 7 patients (5 males, 2 females) with GH deficiency but normal ACTH-cortisol function. Patients ranged in age from 9 3/12-14 8/12 years. Plasma concentrations of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), its sulfate (DHEA-S) and androstenedione (Δ4A), as well as urinary 17-ketosteroids and free cortisol were determined before, during short-term (2U/d×3) and after long-term (6 months) treatment with GH. The baseline, pretreatment plasma levels of DHEA-S were appropriate for the individuals' degree of skeletal maturation, whereas plasma DHEA and Δ4A were undetectable (<42ng/dl and < 27ng/dl, respectively) in 5/7 subjects. No significant change was noted in the plasma androgen values or in the urinary 17-ketosteroid and free cortisol concentrations during the short-term administration of GH. Despite a significant increase in growth velocity after 6 months of GH therapy, the pre- and post-treatment plasma and urinary steroid concentrations were not statistically different. These results fail to substantiate a role for GH in the secretion or metabolism of adrenal androgens. Thus, the delayed adrenarche and subnormal plasma adrenal androgen levels sometimes seen in GH deficient patients are not due to the absence of GH per se.
Parallel data mining for association rules on shared memory systems

In this paper we present a new parallel algorithm for data mining of association rules on shared-memory multiprocessors. We study the degree of parallelism, synchronization, and data locality issues, and present optimizations for fast frequency computation. Experiments show that a significant improvement of performance is achieved using our proposed optimizations. We also achieved good speed-up for the parallel algorithm.
Eimeria tenella and E. acervulina : lymphokines secreted by an avian T cell Lymphoma or by sporozoite-stimulated immune T lymphocytes protect chickens against avian coccidiosis

The role of avian lymphokines as nonspecific immunomodulators of host immunity against the intracellular parasite Eimeria was investigated. Prophylactic treatment of normal chickens with crude cell-free supernatants obtained from JMV-1 culture, concanavalin A (Con A)-stimulated normal spleen cells, or sporozoite-stimulated immune T cells prior to inoculation with E. tenella or E. acervulina conferred significant protection. These crude cell-free culture supernatants also inhibited intracellular development of eimerian parasites in vitro. Avian macrophages pretreated with these supernatant preparations showed inhibitory activity against Eimeria. This inhibitory activity could not be ascribed to anti-Eimeria antibody, complement, or cell-free Marek's disease virus and was therefore considered to be due to immunomodulating lymphokines present in the culture supernatants. These results suggest that JMV-1-transformed T lymphoblastoid cells, immune T lymphocytes, and Con A-stimulated normal spleen cells secrete lymphokines that can enhance host immunity in a nonspecific manner and implicate cell-mediated immunity as a major mechanism of the protective host immune response against eimerian infections.
The G-protein regulatory (GPR) motif-containing Leu–Gly–Asn-enriched protein (LGN) and Giα3 influence cortical positioning of the mitotic spindle poles at metaphase in symmetrically dividing mammalian cells

Abstract We addressed the role of the G-protein regulatory (GPR) motif-containing Leu–Gly–Asn-enriched protein (LGN) and G-proteins (Giα3) in the positioning of the spindle pole during mammalian cell division. Immunocytochemistry indicated that both LGN and Giα3 co-localized at the spindle pole and at the midbody and the cell cortex during the different phases of mitosis. In marked contrast to the positioning of the spindle pole at metaphase midway between the cell cortex and the metaphase plate, the spindle pole was juxtaposed with the cell cortex at metaphase following increased expression of Giα3 and LGN. This repositioning of the spindle pole required the interaction of LGN with Giα. The influence of LGN and Giα3 on the cortical positioning of the spindle pole likely reflects either stronger pulling forces on the spindle pole exerted from the cell cortex or increased pushing forces exerted on the spindle pole from the mitotic spindle indicating that these events are regulated by GPR motif-containing proteins and G-proteins independent of asymmetry.
Antagonism between streptomycin and para-aminosalicylic acid.

Ein gegen Streptomycin empfindlicher Stamm vonEscherichia coli kann durch tagliches mehrfaches Uberimpfen in eine Nahrlosung mit steigendem Gehalt an Antibiotikum gegenuber Streptomycin resistent gemacht werden. Dieser Stamm wachst — wenn genugend Zeit gelassen wird — in einer Losung, die 300 mg Streptomycin pro Liter enthalt. Er zeigt auch normales Wachstum in Agar ohne Streptomycin und im gleichen Medium, das 0 bis 100 × 10−8 Molep-Aminosalizylsaure per cm3 enthalt. Die Bakterien wachsen hingegen nicht bei einer Konzentration von 1000 × 10−8 Mole PAS pro cm3, wenn nicht Streptomycin hinzugefugt wird. In diesem Fall scheint Streptomycin die wachstumshemmende Wirkung groser PAS-Konzentrationen zu neutralisieren.
Efficient smile detection by Extreme Learning Machine

Smile detection is a specialized task in facial expression analysis with applications such as photo selection, user experience analysis, and patient monitoring. As one of the most important and informative expressions, smile conveys the underlying emotion status such as joy, happiness, and satisfaction. In this paper, an efficient smile detection approach is proposed based on Extreme Learning Machine (ELM). The faces are first detected and a holistic flow-based face registration is applied which does not need any manual labeling or key point detection. Then ELM is used to train the classifier. The proposed smile detector is tested with different feature descriptors on publicly available databases including real-world face images. The comparisons against benchmark classifiers including Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) suggest that the proposed ELM based smile detector in general performs better and is very efficient. Compared to state-of-the-art smile detector, the proposed method achieves competitive results without preprocessing and manual registration.
Academic Courses for Nonacademic Anthropologists

ditions? How many of our courses make our students ready to work and to contribute to knowledge that is needed and wanted in their day and age? Of course, I will be told that all academic instruction is really only a way of training the mind to do its own work in its own realm of discovery or action. But do we have to train the mind of the persons who are going to look at the role of multinational corporations in the fight against racism by teaching them the kinship system of the Crow Indians around 1900? Perhaps others will object to my rank advocacy of training for work and jobs as if somehow being able to find a job is beyond the lofty ideals of academia and outside its concerns. I am not
Progesterone and estrogen in the experimental control of ovulation time and other features of the estrous cycle in the rat.

introduction Several years ago it was reported that small daily doses of progesterone given to persistent-estrous rats serve to interrupt the equilibrium between hypophysis and ovaries, inducing sequences of vaginal cycles which closely resemble those in normal animals (Everett, 1940). In a significantly high proportion of these cycles ovulation occurs and new corpora lutea are formed. This finding cannot be explained on the assumption which has been generally held for many years that the principal effect of progesterone upon the hypophysis is suppression of LH secretion. Subsequent studies have made it more and more apparent that under certain conditions progesterone facilitates the release of luteinizer. In 1943 we reported that if persistent estrus is interrupted experimentally by a single injection of progesterone, a diestrous interval of 2 to 3 days usually occurs followed by the typical proestrous smear picture and then full cornification which continues if no further treatment is given.
Polymer Coated Silica Ultra-High-Q Microresonators

Hybrid polymer-silica microcavities with Q factors over 1E7 using both polymethymethacrylate and polystyrene coatings are shown. A theoretical model based on FEM simulations was developed to explain the relationship between Q degradation and film thickness.
Research styles in science education

Dare we be innovative in the design of functional research? Reflect on the author's suggestions.
The Five Most Important Research Issues in Effective Game for Health Design (from a Behavioral Scientist's Perspective)

Games for Health are a relatively new genre of games and an innovative intervention method for changing behavior to promote health or prevent disease. At the current time, most children and many adults wish to be entertained, not educated or "talked at". Video games which can be entertaining, thereby, provide an ideal modality for influencing health related behaviors. Given the recency of the genre, however, it is not clear how best to design video games to change behavior.The mediating variable model has been proposed as a conceptual model for understanding how behavior changes occur. Understanding how video games may influence behavior and health introduces a new variable, game play, into the mediating variable model.Adults and children generally play games in general, and video games in particular, because they are "fun". Approximately equivalent terms are "enjoyable" or "engaging". The concept of "fun" (or its related constructs) has not been precisely defined, nor operationalized. Psychosocial, physiological, and embodiment approaches to studying fun have been attempted, but not thoroughly researched. Better understanding is needed of what in the experience of video game play constitutes fun, and the relationships among the psychosocial, physiological, and related constructs and methods. This should enhance the design of video games for health, by enhancing the players' desire to continue game play, and thereby increasing the game players' exposure to the change inducing elements.Stories, or narratives, have been incorporated into many video games for health. Stories have been hypothesized to "transport" the player out of their attention to their immediate surroundings, or "immerse" the player in the story line, thereby enhancing the player's attention to messages or other intervention procedures embedded in the story, e.g. character modeling of desired behaviors. Cutscenes within games can be used to advance the storyline or stories can be used separate from the games (e.g. in parallel books). Better understanding of a) how stories immerse players should lead to stories which are more effective at influencing behavior; b) how to use stories in, or in parallel to, game play should enhance immersion; and c) which behavior change procedures, and how, to insert them in stories, should enhance resulting mediating variable and behavior change.
Disclosing HIV status to HIV positive children before adolescence.

This literature review aims to explore the importance of disclosing HIV status to HIV positive children before they reach adolescence. Since the use of paediatric highly active antiretroviral therapy, many HIV positive children are now surviving into adulthood. This faces parents and healthcare workers with the difficult process of disclosing HIV status to children. A review of the literature has revealed discussions of the following themes: barriers to HIV disclosure before adolescence; disclosure as a process, rather than a one-off event; and the benefits of and need for HIV disclosure before adolescence. Parental beliefs and anxieties were found to be the main barrier to HIV disclosure and this needs to be addressed through education and governmental policies (Department of Health (DH), 2007). HIV disclosure before adolescence is vital, as a lack of communication about HIV creates confusion and mistrust, harms psychosocial development, compromises the child's right to autonomy and increases the risk of...
Fiscal policy and business cycle characteristics in a heterogeneous agent macro model

Abstract This paper explores the macroeconomic implications of changing fiscal policy in a Heterogeneous Interacting Agent (“HIA”) model. The key contributions to the existing HIA complex adaptive trivial system (“CATS”) literature include the addition of a progressive income tax structure, an expanded role for redistribution, and a stylized reactive government sector. In certain specifications deficit financed tax cuts are shown to effectively shorten recessions, while deficit financed spending stimulus is able to lengthen recoveries. Alternative specifications provide ambiguous support for generalizing the effectiveness of these policy treatments. Robustness checks support the general findings that increased redistribution towards the unemployed results in higher unemployment rates, greater inequality, and shorter contractions.
Tandem mass spectrometry of sulfated heparin-like glycosaminoglycan oligosaccharides.

The structural characterization of heparin-like glycosaminoglycans (HLGAGs) is a major challenge in glycobiology. These linear, sulfated oligosaccharides are expressed on animal cell surfaces, in extracellular matrixes, basement membranes, and mast cell granules and bind with varying degrees of specificity to families of proteases, growth factors, chemokines, and blood coagulation proteins. Cell surface HLGAGs bind growth factors and growth factor receptors and serve as coreceptors in these interactions. Understanding of the mechanism and regulation of growth factor−receptor binding requires efficient determination of cell surface HLGAG structures and the variations in their expression in response to the cellular environment. The solution to this problem entails rapid, sensitive structural analysis of these molecules. To date, HLGAG sequencing requires multistep processes that combine chemical and enzymatic degradation with gel-based or mass spectrometry-based detection systems. Although tandem mass spect...
Monotonicity in some nonoscillation criteria for differential equations

y* + P(X)Y = 0 (3) with monotonic p(x), condition (2) shows that either 1” A&C) dx < co or J” Pi/” dx < 03 is sufficient for nonoscillation. This latter criterion was first proved by Leighton in [2]. The former is a known criterion (e.g. [3, p. 1141) for the nonoscillation of (3) which suffices even without the monotonicity requirement W?(X). Thus the question arises as to just when is monotonicity essential in Nehari’s theorem. The answer is given in the following result.
Carbonitridation of Fly Ash. II. Effect of Decomposable Additives and Whisker Formation

A series of additives releasing ammonia after thermal decomposition were examined to evaluate their effect on the carbothermal reduction and nitridation of fly ash in the preparation of SiAlON (silicon aluminum oxynitride) powders. The reactions were studied at 1400 °C and times of 1-4 h. The addition of certain decomposable additives can accelerate the nitridation. Therefore, a reduction of the nitridation temperature and/or a shorter nitridation time can be achieved. Ca-SiAlON whiskers were observed in the reaction products by scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffractometer, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer measurements. The nitrogen content in the final product was measured by nitrogen/oxygen analyzer as an index of the extent of the nitridation reaction. Fly ash powders from the Huntley and Hatfield power plants were investigated in this work.
Abstract 5154: Human umbilical cord matrix stem cells transfected with the interferon-β gene markedly attenuated the growth of bronchioloalveolar carcinoma xenografts in mice

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC Mesenchymal stem cells derived from the human umbilical cord matrix (UCMSC) have great potential for therapeutic use in multiple diseases including cancer. UCMSC can be used as carriers for targeted delivery of genes or therapeutics and for local production of biologic agents. The therapeutic strategy using UCMSC as cellular vehicles for targeted gene delivery can avoid the problem of short life or excessive toxicity of a particular gene product in vivo. Interferon-β (IFN-β) has demonstrated a potent anti-tumor effect on many tumor cell lines in vitro. However, in vivo inhibition of tumor cell growth by IFN-β required blood concentrations much higher than the maximally tolerated dose. Therefore, clinical therapy by systemic administration of IFN-β was not possible. The aim of this study was to determine the anti-cancer effect of IFN-β gene transfected-UCMSC (IFN-UCMSC) on bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC) cell lines in vitro and in vivo. The conditioned medium derived from IFN-UCMSC significantly attenuated cell growth of H358 and SW1573 BAC cell lines in vitro compared to the medium derived from non-transfected UCMSC. The percentage of dead cells, as measured by the trypan blue exclusion test, was significantly higher in the cells treated with the medium derived from IFN-UCMSC than UCMSC alone. The co-culture of IFN-UCMSC with cancer cells inhibited cell growth significantly through stimulation of apoptosis. Finally, systemic administration of IFN-UCMSC (0.3 million cells/injection, 5 day interval for four times) markedly attenuated tumor multiplicity and size of orthotopic H358 BAC xenografts in SCID mouse lungs. Histochemical analysis of the tumors indicated tumor-targeted localization of UCMSC and significant reduction of tumor cell proliferation index as measured by Ki-67 staining. These results clearly indicated that IFN-β production by IFN-UCMSC attenuated growth of BAC cells by inducing programmed cell death both in vitro and in vivo. This research clearly demonstrated that IFN-UCMSC are a powerful anti-cancer therapeutic tool as delivery vehicles for IFN-β. This work was supported by the KSU Terry C. Johnson Center for Basic Cancer Research, KSU Provost's Fund, KSU CVM Dean's Fund, NIH P20 RR017686 and a Joan's Legacy Research Grant. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5154.
An experiment in reciprocal experiential learning Law students and lawyers learning from each other

Three cutting-edge Indian taxation cases currently pending before tribal, federal and state courts formed the subject matter of an active learning experiment in which law students argued these three cases in a simulated courtroom setting and practitioners served as judges. In the process, the students honed their oral advocacy skills and learned the application of complicated legal doctrine, while practitioners received a first-rate update in new developments. The participation of tribal officials added valuable non-lawyer perspectives and stimulated candid discussions about the role of the lawyer representing tribal interests.
Kinetics of CN(X 2Σ+) radical reactions with HCN, BrCN and CH3CN

Abstract Absolute rate constants were obtained for CN (X 2 Σ + ) radical reactions with HCN, BrCN and CH 3 CN. The CN radical relative concentration was followed by laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) with a cw ring dye laser on the A 2 Π-X 2 Σ + (4, 0) band at 621.5 nm. CN radicals were generated by laser photolysis of ICN at 266 nm. The following Arrhenius parameters were obtained over the temperature range 296–578 K: CN+HCN, k =10 −11.41±0.15 exp[−(670±100)/ T ] cm 3 s −1 ; CN+BrCN, k =10 −10.7±0.4 × exp[−(1340±330)/ T ] cm 3 s −1 ; CN+CH 3 CN, k =10 −10.19±0.10 exp[−(1190±70)/ T ] cm 3 s −1 . The rates meas and that of Szekely et al. for CN+HCN could be well fitted by the form, k =10 −16.20 T 1.57 exp (−50/ T ) cm 3 s −1 over the range 300–3000 K, allowing extrapolation to the combustion temperature regime. The measured rates and those of Kayes and Levitt and Clark et al. for the CN+BrCN reaction could be fitted by the form, k =10 −14.18 T 1.16 exp(−940/ T ) cm 3 s −1 the temperature range 300–3000 K. In addition, the non-linearity of these data over a wide range of temperature could be satisfactorily accounted for by transition-state theory calculations for both of these reactions.
Mode Decomposition Techniques for Electronic Structure Calculations of 3D Nanowire Devices

In order to address the high numerical cost for computing the electron density of large-scale atomistic nanowire devices, we investigate the relevance of mode decomposition techniques (i.e. mode approach) for solving the Schrodinger-type equation within a real-space mesh framework. It is shown how the full mode approach or its asymptotic counterpart can be of benefit to two distinct highly efficient numerical procedures for computing the electron density: (i) the CMB strategy and (ii) the FEAST algorithm. Finally, numerical simulation examples of carbon nanotubes are presented to highlight the effects of finite dimension on the density of states.
Effect of ribosomes on the biosynthesis of ribonucleic acid in vitro.

Abstract A deoxyribonucleoprotein that contains RNA polymerase activity and DNA template has been isolated from Escherichia coli and partially purified by zone sedimentation. This preparation synthesizes RNA in the presence of all four nucleoside triphosphates and in the absence of exogenous DNA; the nascent RNA remains attached to the enzyme—template complex during the polymerization reaction. The addition of ribosomes stimulates the synthesis of RNA; the RNA made in the presence of ribosomes is of higher molecular weight than that made in their absence and a significant portion of the nascent RNA is released from the enzyme—template complex, in the form of RNA-ribosome aggregates. Evidence has been obtained that ribosomes, natural acceptors for the nascent RNA, exert a direct effect on RNA synthesis as a consequence of attachment to the growing chain, and possibly of ribosome movement, but not of protein synthesis-dependent movement of the ribosome along the RNA chain.
Acidic properties of supported niobium oxide catalysts: An infrared spectroscopy investigation

Abstract Chemisorption of pyridine was applied as a method for studying the acidic properties of niobium pentoxide supported on silica, magnesia, alumina, titania, and zirconia. The infrared spectra of adsorbed pyridine were used to evaluate the concentration and the relative strength of Bronsted and Lewis acid sites. Lewis acidity was found in all the supported niobium oxide systems, while Bronsted acid sites were only detected for niobia supported on the al umina and silica supports. The origin and characteristics of the surface acid sites present in supported niobium oxide catalysts are discussed in the present study.
Relationship dynamics lecture: A model for educating physicians

Abstract Often-quoted divorce statistics portray American marriages as highly stressed relationships that leave few survivors. The “medical marriage” is no less stressed than marriages in general, but a relationship between a doctor and spouse provides an additional dimension of tension. This study reviewed the impact of a 2-hour relationship dynamics lecture presented to 459 medical students on a psychiatry clerkship and addressed family dynamics, relationship choice, and relationship dysfunction. The study shows that this lecture on relationship dynamics has both professional and personal implications for medical students and is a promising tool for relationship maintenance of the practicing physician. Furthermore, a lecture format such as that presented here provides a vehicle for family therapy teaching for the practicing physician.
Stereotactic radiosurgery for trigeminal pain secondary to benign skull base tumors.

Objective To assess the outcome of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for patients with benign skull base tumors and trigeminal-related facial pain. Methods We undertook a retrospective review of 31 consecutive patients (25 women, 6 men) with benign skull base tumors and trigeminal pain who underwent SRS between 1991 and 2008. The tumors included 17 posterior fossa meningiomas, 9 cavernous sinus meningiomas, and 5 trigeminal schwannomas. The median patient age was 62 years (range, 17-81 years). In all cases the tumor was the primary target for SRS. The median follow-up after SRS was 50 months (range, 12-184 months). Results The actuarial tumor control rate after SRS was 95% at both 3 years and 5 years. Eighteen patients (58%) initially achieved complete resolution of trigeminal pain. Higher maximum dose was associated with initial complete pain resolution on a multivariate analysis. However, 7 patients had recurrent pain during follow-up. At last follow-up, only 7 patients (23%) remained pain-free off medications. Further treatment in addition to medical therapy was required for 6 patients (19%). Conclusion Although SRS offers excellent radiographic tumor control for benign skull base tumors, durable relief of tumor-related trigeminal pain without medication was noted in only one-fourth of patients at last follow-up.