cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Partial tendon recession for small-angle vertical strabismus.

Purpose To evaluate the effectiveness of the partial tendon recession procedure in correcting small-angle vertical deviations. Methods The medical records of patients who underwent partial tendon recession (one pole) were reviewed retrospectively. Orthophoria was the primary outcome success criterion; residual deviation, torsion, and the dose–response relationship were also evaluated. A secondary analysis was performed on subsets of patients with thyroid eye disease (TED) and those with procedures on a muscle that had previous surgery. Results A total of 53 procedures in 44 patients (average age, 58 years; age range 8-88 years) were evaluated. The mean preoperative vertical deviation was 4.3 Δ ± 1.8 Δ (range, 2 Δ -9 Δ ); the mean postoperative vertical deviation was 0 Δ ± 2.3 Δ . The mean response to surgery was 1.5 Δ /mm. In the entire cohort, 62% of the procedures resulted in orthophoria, but 82% of patients had resolution of vertical diplopia with a single procedure. In TED patients, 60% of the procedures resulted in orthophoria, whereas only 29% of procedures on previously operated muscles resulted in orthophoria. Conclusions Partial tendon recession of vertical rectus muscles reliably corrects small vertical deviations. This is equally true for patients with TED, but results are less predictable with reoperated muscles.
Colonial Legacies and Peripheral Strategies — Continuity and Transformation of China's Telecom Development Since 1840

This paper describes and makes sense of why and how China’s telecommunications was undeveloped from the late Qing Dynasty through the Civil War in the 1940s. The purpose is to bring into sharp focus the imprint of global capitalism imperialism on domestic socio-spatial relations in China — and its legacy effect on contemporary underdevelopment tendencies. It argues that communications infrastructures, shaped successively by historical configurations of social relations since the late 19th century, domesticated spatially China’s peripheral position in the world capitalist system. This spatiality, expressing internal underdevelopment and external domination, had not been effectively overhauled and remained characteristic of colonial modernity, which then informed and deformed China’s communications development after the establishment of the People’s Republic of China (PRC).
Possible interactions of antihistamines and antibiotics with oral contraceptive effectiveness

In a private gynecology/obstetrics practice 16 patients taking oral contraceptives (OCs) between July 1978-July 1980 became pregnant. It was ascertained that none of the patients omitted any of their birth control pills and that other medications had been consumed at the time of conception. Cold tablets and/or antimicrobials were ingested by 15 patients and the other patient took 1 mg of vitamin C with multivitamins. It is suggested that medications could interfere with OC mechanism of action by: 1) displacing them from their biological receptor site 2) stimulating hepatic degradation 3) increasing their urinary excretion 4) opposing their action through some physiologic effect 5) increasing their serum protein binding or 6) reducing the amount of steroid absorbed or reabsorbed. It seems likely that if antihistamines decongestants and analgesics interact with OCs they do so by stimulating hepatic degradation. Many questions remain to be answered but clearly OC interactions are not a predictable occurrence and may be dependent on confounding factors such as other health problems and the womans personal physiologic estrogen/progesterone. A table includes a list of the OCs taken their dosages and the other medications used. (authors)
PIPE+Verifier - A Tool for Analyzing High Level Petri Nets

High level Petri nets (HLPNs) have been widely used to model complex systems; however, their high expressive power costs their analyzability. Model checking techniques have been exploited in analyzing high level Petri nets, but have limited success due to either undecidability problem or state explosion problem. Bounded model checking (BMC) is a promising analysis method that explores state space within a predefined bound. BMC sacrifices the completeness of traditional model checking but becomes more practical and often effective to analyze large models. In our prior work, we have developed a method based on BMC and a supporting tool PIPE+Verifier to analyze high level Petri nets using a state of the art satisfiability modulo theories (SMT) solver Z3 as the backend engine. Our experiment results have been very encouraging. In this paper, we present the design, implementation, and use of PIPE+Verifier, as well as show additional improvements to make PIPE+Verifier more efficient. KeywordsPetri Net, Model Checking, Bounded Model Checking.
Let’s Hear it for Retrodiction!

Academics and stock brokers receive gold stars for predictions which are predictably wrong. Evolutionary analysts do not eagerly embrace retrodiction which perhaps they should.
Lipoxygenase Trypsin Inhibitor, and Lectin from Soybeans: Effects on Larval Growth of Manduca sexta (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae)

The effects of lipoxygenase, lectin, and trypsin inhibitor proteins from soybean seed on larval growth of Manduca sexta have been investigated. Soybean lipoxygenase retarded larval growth when incorporated into an artificial diet at a concentration of 4% (wt/vol). In addtiOn, larvae fed the lipoxygenase diet showed increased levels of midgut cytochrome P-450 protem as compared with controls. Linoleic acid hydroperoxide, a product of lipoxygenase activity, also reduced larval growth at the 0.3% level in the diet, and was lethal to all larvae tested at the 1% level. A highly purified preparation of soybean lectin inhibited larval growth when added at the 1% level in the diet, and trypsin inhibitor (Kunitz inhibitor) retarded larval growth when added at the 5% level. These results represent the first evidence that lipoxygenases could function as plant defenses against insect attack, and also demonstrate that a highly purified lectin can inhibit the growth of a phytophagous insect.
Moving on Up? The Gendered Ambitions of State-Level Appointed Officials

Many scholars have offered explanations as to why women are underrepresented at all levels of government. Conventional wisdom states that fewer women are in public office due to lower ambition, and that the presence of gendered perceptions among women considering elected office contributes to women’s disinterest in the political arena. Using original survey data, this article expands the theory of gendered perceptions to current state-level appointed officeholders to explain their levels of interest in pursuing higher public office. The results indicate that gendered perceptions affect the progressive ambitions of appointees; like studies of ambition in elected officials, this study of appointed officials finds that women are generally less ambitious, and unlike studies of ambition in elected officials, this study of appointed officials finds that women with higher self-assessments are less ambitious rather than more.
Human annulus signaling cues for nerve outgrowth: In vitro studies.

The relationship between neurotrophins produced by human annulus cells, such as neurotrophin-4 (NT4) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) which function in neurite survival and outgrowth, and nerve ingrowth into the disc remains poorly understood. In this work, we tested F11 neurite growth during exposure to control media, media with added nerve growth factor (NGF), conditioned media (CM) harvested from previous human annulus culture, or co-culture with annulus cells. Co-culture of F11 cells with annulus cells significantly increased media levels of amphiregulin, BDNF, glial-derived neurotrophic factor, and vascular endothelial growth factor compared to levels from in culture of F11 cells alone (p ≤ 0.04). Cell-based assays of neurite growth revealed that BDNF levels present in CM bore a significant (p = 0.01) positive relationship to neurite length and accounted for 38.5% of the change in neurite length. NT4 levels produced during co-culture with annulus cells bore a significant (p = 0.04) positive relationship to neurite length and accounted for 40.9% of the change in length. Statement of clinical significance: In vitro findings point to a potential role of annulus cells related to nerve ingrowth in vivo, and may have relevance in the outer annulus (where cell numbers are high) or in regions where nerves penetrate into annular tears or fissures. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:1456-1465, 2016.
An Analysis of the Reasons for "Yan Bu Jin Yi" From the Perspective of Linguistics

"Yan Bu Jin Yi" is an important topic in the ancient Chinese literary theory and there are many reasons for this.Language is a symbolic system."Yan Bu Jin Yi" is caused by the contradiction between the inherent limitations of language and the richness and complexity of human emotion.In addition,the deixis and finiteness of language and the vagueness and implicitness of poetry is also the root cause for "Yan Bu Jin Yi."
Prognostic value of FDG PET/CT-based metabolic tumor volumes in metastatic triple negative breast cancer patients

FDG PET/CT-based measures of tumor burden show promise to predict survival in patients with metastatic breast cancer, but the patient populations studied so far are heterogeneous. The reports may have been confounded by the markedly different prognosis of the various subtypes of breast cancer. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the correlation between tumor burden on FDG PET/CT and overall survival (OS) in patients within a defined population: metastatic triple negative breast cancer (MTNBC). FDG PET/CT scans of 47 consecutive MTNBC patients (54±12 years-old) with no other known malignancies were analyzed. A total 393 lesions were identified, and maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), mean SUV, metabolic tumor volume (MTV), total lesion number (TLN) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG), were measured and correlated with patient survival by Mantel-Cox tests and Cox regression analysis. At a median follow-up time of 12.4 months, 41 patients died with a median OS of 12.1 months. Patients with MTV less than 51.5 ml lived nearly three times longer (22 vs 7.1 months) than those with a higher MTV (χ(2)=21.3, P<0.0001). In a multivariate Cox regression analysis only TLN and MTV were significantly correlated with survival. Those with an MTV burden in the 75(th) percentile versus the 25(th) percentile had a hazard ratio of 6.94 (p=0.001). In patients with MTNBC, MTV appears to be a strong prognostic factor. If validated in prospective studies, MTV may be a valuable tool for risk stratification of MTNBC patients in clinical trials and to guide patient management.
Language Games and Economic Theory

The theory of expectations developed in Chapter 6 integrates many elements. It relies heavily on Schutz and Hayek. To integrate those elements coherently, it is convenient to abandon the “neoclassical” model of rational maximizing in favor of a rule-following model. In the rule-following framework I will propose, however, neoclassical models reappear as important special cases. The version of rule-following I will propose was originally proposed by Koppl and Langlois (1994). Any social action is a skilled performance subject to the publicly known rules of some language game. (Compare Koppl and Langlois, 1994, pp. 81–82.) A “language game” is “a set of rules about how to talk, think, and act in different situations” (Koppl and Langlois, 1994, p. 82).
β-Adrenergic Blockade in Children

Beta-adrenergic blockers are often used in children to treat a variety of cardiovascular and noncardiovascular medical problems. The clinical experiences with beta-blockers in neonates, children, and adolescents are discussed in this comprehensive review.
An effective channel estimation method in multi-band UWB system

This paper introduces a channel estimation method used in the multi-band ultra-wideband (UWB) communication system in which RAKE receiver is applied in analog domain in order to make full use of multi-path channel property. This channel estimation method is based on maximum-likelihood (ML) criterion and it practically gets the delay and magnitude of the estimated paths, which is a preferable power convergence of channel impulse response (CIR). Simulation is carried out under the channel model given by IEEE P802.15 working group to verify that under a certain SNR, this method is well effective to this multi-band UWB system.
Ethanol-Sensitive Pacemaker Neurons in the Mouse External Globus Pallidus

Although ethanol is one of the most widely used drugs, we still lack a full understanding of which neuronal subtypes are affected by this drug. Pacemaker neurons exert powerful control over brain circuit function, but little is known about ethanol effects on these types of neurons. Neurons in the external globus pallidus (GPe) generate pacemaker activity that controls basal ganglia, circuitry associated with habitual and compulsive drug use. We performed patch-clamp recordings from GPe neurons and found that bath application of ethanol dose-dependently decreased the firing rate of low-frequency GPe neurons, but did not alter the firing of high-frequency neurons. GABA or glutamate receptor antagonists did not block the ethanol effect. The GPe is comprised of a heterogeneous population of neurons. We used Lhx6-EGFP and Npas1-tdTm mice strains to identify low-frequency neurons. Lhx6 and Npas1 neurons exhibited decreased firing with ethanol, but only Npas1 neurons were sensitive to 10 mM ethanol. Large-conductance voltage and Ca2+-activated K+ (BK) channel have a key role in the ethanol effect on GPe neurons, as the application of BK channel inhibitors blocked the ethanol-induced firing decrease. Ethanol also increased BK channel open probability measured in single-channel recordings from Npas1-tdTm neurons. In addition, in vivo electrophysiological recordings from GPe showed that ethanol decreased the firing of a large subset of low-frequency neurons. These findings indicate how selectivity of ethanol effects on pacemaker neurons can occur, and enhance our understanding of the mechanisms contributing to acute ethanol effects on the basal ganglia.
Chest Physical Therapy in the Intensive Care Unit

Critically ill patients are nursed in the supine position for extended periods of time. In the supine patient, the abdominal contents push in a cephalad direction, decreasing the functional residual capacity and causing alveolar closure in the dependent lung zones. In addition, immobility results in accumulation of mucus in the dependent lung zones. Intubated, sedated, mechanically ventilated patients are unable to mobilize their respiratory secretions. As the endotracheal tube bypasses the glottic mechanism, coughing is ineffective in intubated patients. Furthermore, the endotracheal tube interferes with normal mucociliary transport. These patients are therefore at a high risk of developing segmental or lobar atelectasis. Thoracic and abdominal surgery further predispose patients to the development of atelectasis. The most common segment to develop atelectasis is the left lower lobe, possibly due to compression by the heart in the supine position and its poor drainage. Atelectasis impairs oxygenation, increases the risk of developing pneumonia, and delays attempts at weaning. Chest physical therapy is therefore a vital component in the management of all critically ill patients to prevent retention of secretions and atelectasis.
Retirement Policy Directions in 2017 and Beyond

With a new Congress and a new president in Washington, how are U.S. retirement policies likely to change? Possibly quite radically, and for two main reasons. First, because of the new majority’s plans to overhaul the entire U.S. tax structure and federal budget in ways that could fundamentally change how private-sector retirement plans are treated in the tax code. Retirement, as a stand-along issue, is no longer a high legislative priority in Washington. And second, because of the drive to simplify and lower income tax rates, tax-favored retirement provisions in the tax code are vulnerable. As one of the top sources of “revenue foregone” by the federal government, ending or reducing current tax breaks for employment-based retirement plans (particularly 401(k)s) would free up revenue for other things the new Congress and president want to do. These and other issues were discussed at the Employee Benefit Research Institute’s December 2016 policy forum in Washington, DC, which brought together more than a hundred policy experts to discuss “Retirement Policy Directions in 2017 and Beyond.” A panel of 10 specialists, including industry representatives, former government officials, think-tank leaders and EBRI researchers, discussed the state of the U.S. retirement system today and what they think the future is likely to hold. This paper provides a synopsis of the policy forum discussion.
Laboratory Activities for a Dimensional Metrology Class

Abstract:The Purdue College of Technology in Columbus, Indiana recently offered, for the first time, a class in Dimensional Metrology. In keeping with its hands-on, project-based learning philosophy, the class mixes many laboratory activities with the lecture component of the class. The laboratory activities focus on accomplishing some engineering function that requires measurement. These activities are not just a matter of measuring a few items with the supplied tools; there is always a clear engineering or manufacturing objective with each laboratory activity. In some cases, this may also include a reverse-engineering project that incorporates a measure-manufacture-measure iterative cycle to determine the effectiveness of the manufacturing operation. This paper discusses in detail the experiments utilized in the class. Some examples include gage R&R studies, a calibration exercise, determining constants of springs, measuring threads, and measuring gears. The activities are based on the premise that addi...
Modeling pressure relationships of inspired air into the human lung bifurcations through simulations

ABSTRACTApplied pressure on human lung wall has great importance on setting up protective ventilatory strategies, therefore, estimating pressure relationships in terms of specific parameters would provide invaluable information specifically during mechanical ventilation (MV). A three-dimensional model from a healthy human lung MRI is analyzed by computational fluid dynamic (CFD), and results for pressure are curve fitted to estimate relationships that associate pressure to breathing time, cross section and generation numbers of intended locations. Among all possible functions, it is observed that exponential and polynomial pressure functions present most accurate results for normal breathing (NB) and MV, respectively. For validation, pressure-location curves from CFD and results from this study are compared and good correlations are found. Also, estimated pressure values are used to calculate pressure drop and airway resistance to the induced air into the lung bifurcations. It is concluded that maximum pr...
The Effects of Mothers' Protective Parenting and Alcohol Use on Emerging Adults' Alcohol Use: Testing Indirect Effects Through Prototype Favorability Among African American Youth

Background We examined how mothers' protective parenting and alcohol use influenced changes in offspring's heavy drinking among a sample of African American youth. The conceptual model also tested indirect effects of mothers' behaviors, through changes in the youths' social images (i.e., prototypes) of heavy drinkers, derived from the prototype willingness (PW) model. Methods Participants were 686 emerging adults (55% female) from the Family and Community Health Study (FACHS), an ongoing prospective study of African American families. Three waves of FACHS data were used as follows: T3 during 10th grade (M age = 16.3 years), T4 shortly after high school (M age = 19.4 years), and T5 3 years later (M age = 22.1 years). Mothers' self-reports of protective parenting and alcohol use were assessed at T4. Two separate path models tested the study hypotheses. The first model specified direct and indirect effects of mothers' protective parenting and alcohol use. The second model added interaction terms between the protective parenting behaviors and mothers' alcohol use. The analyses were first conducted using the full sample and then repeated separately for female and male participants. Results Maternal alcohol use had a positive and direct effect on offspring's alcohol use. Mothers' endorsement of alcohol-related rules inhibited normative increases in the favorability of the offspring's social image of heavy drinkers (prototype) while her warmth was positively related to these increases. Maternal alcohol use amplified the positive association between mothers' warmth and the daughters' increased drinking. For sons, maternal alcohol use increased the positive association between alcohol-related rules and increased prototype favorability. Conclusions Results indicated clear gender differences in how mothers' behaviors influence her offspring's alcohol use during the transition to emerging adulthood. Interventions that target culturally specific risk and protective factors within the family environment are needed to reduce health disparities among this vulnerable population of youth.
Zika Virus Vaccine: Progress and Challenges

The explosive emergence of Zika virus has inspired a global effort to develop vaccines. Zika virus, which is a flavivirus primarily transmitted by mosquitoes, can cause devastating congenital syndrome in fetuses of pregnant women, including microcephaly, craniofacial disproportion, spasticity, ocular abnormalities, and miscarriage. In adults, Zika infection has been linked to the autoimmune disorder Guillain-Barre syndrome. Thus, despite the current waning in newly reported Zika infections, an efficacious vaccine is urgently needed to help limit the emergence of another detrimental epidemic. Here we summarize the current status of the Zika vaccine pipeline and highlight the challenges for clinical efficacy trials.
Practical and Ethical Aspects of Pharmacotherapeutic Evaluation

Premenstrual syndrome exemplifies the convergence of science and superstition, experience and belief, political consciousness and political subjugation, inquiry and ideology. The current state of confusion surrounding this disorder impacts on the decisions made regarding its treatment. In the following paper, I will pose a series of questions about the ethical and practical principles of pharmacotherapeutic evaluation with specific reference to the premenstrual syndrome(s) (PMS).
Surgical Techniques: Operative Decompression Using the Transaxillary Approach for NTOS

Most feel that patients with neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome (NTOS) who are refractory to conservative management should undergo operative decompression. The ideal approach for NTOS should be based on the patient’s symptoms and anatomy, and the surgeon’s operative experience. The transaxillary approach was first described by Roos in 1966, and many surgeons prefer this approach because of its relative ease, low risk, and documented ability to improve patients’ quality of life. This chapter describes the technical aspects of transaxillary first rib resection with attention to factors that influence short- and long-term outcome when performed in patients with NTOS.
Midwest Collegiate Rocket Launch Competition: Raider Rocketry

Student teams will be required to design, construct and fly a high-power â€œtrue scale modelâ€ of a current or retired rocket/missile system used somewhere in history. The rocket is required to use electronic deployment of the recovery parachute and a motor deployment as a backup. The apogee was limited to a range of 2500-3500 feet. The winner of the flight portion of the competition will be the team whose rocket completes a successful flight and whose rocket achieves an apogee closest to their predicted apogee, as recorded by a competition-provided flight recorder. Simulations and flight analysis were done using OpenRocket, a widely used and reliable software package for flight performance prediction. Several different launch conditions were modeled, with varying factors such as wind speed and launch angle. From this, we estimated that out rocket would reach an apogee of about 2600 feet. After launch, the recovered data indicated that the rocket reached an apogee of about 2900 feet.
Assessing the Perceived Effectiveness of a Marketing Research Service Learning Project: The MR-SL Scale

Studies of service learning suggest that students and instructors believe it benefits students. Nevertheless, the literature is still lacking in methods for assessing the effectiveness of service l...
Three-body Decay of 6Be

Three-body correlations for the ground-state decay of the lightest two-proton emitter 6 Be are studied both theoretically and experimentally. Theoretical studies are performed in a three-body hyperspherical-harmonics cluster model. In the experimental studies, the ground state of 6 Be was formed following the α decay of a 10 C beam inelastically excited through interactions with Be and C targets. Excellent agreement between theory and experiment is obtained demonstrating the existence of complicated correlation patterns that can elucidate the structure of 6 Be and, possibly, of the A = 6 isobars.
Women’s Night in Emergency Medicine Mentorship Program: A SWOT Analysis

Author(s): Marshall, Alison G.; Sista, Priyanka; Colton, Katie R.; Fant, Abra; Kim, Howard S.; Lank, Patrick M.; McCarthy, Danielle M. | Abstract: Introduction: Women in emergency medicine (EM) at all career stages report gender-specific obstacles to satisfaction and advancement. Programs that facilitate longitudinal mentoring, professional development, and networking may ameliorate these barriers.Methods: We designed and implemented a program for female residents, faculty, and alumnae from our EM training program to enhance social support, leadership training and professional mentorship opportunities. An anonymous, online survey was sent to participants at the end of the academic year, using a SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) format. The survey collected free-text responses designed to evaluate the program.Results: Of 43 invited participants, 32 responded (74.4%). Eight themes emerged from the free-text responses and were grouped by SWOT domain. We identified four themes relating to the “strength” domain: 1) creating a dedicated space; 2) networking community; 3) building solidarity; and 4) providing forward guidance. Responses to the “weaknesses” and “threats” questions were combined due to overlapping codes and resulted in three themes: 5) barriers to participation; 6) the threat of poorly structured events lapsing into negativity; and 7) concerns about external optics. A final theme: 8) expansion of program scope was noted in the “opportunity” domain.Conclusion: This program evaluation of the Women’s Night curriculum demonstrates it was a positive addition to the formal curriculum, providing longitudinal professional development opportunities. Sharing the strengths of the program, along with identified weaknesses, threats, and opportunities for advancement allows other departments to learn from this experience and implement similar models that use existing intellectual and social capital.
Paenipeptin Analogues Potentiate Clarithromycin and Rifampin against mcr-1-Mediated Polymyxin-Resistant Escherichia coli In Vivo.

Polymyxin resistance mediated by the mcr-1 gene threatens the last-resort antibiotics. Linear lipopeptide paenipeptin analogues 1 and 15 disrupted the outer membrane of Gram-negative pathogens and potentiated clarithromycin and rifampin against mcr-1-positive Escherichia coli from the FDA-CDC Antimicrobial Resistance Isolate Bank. In the presence of paenipeptin, clarithromycin and rifampin resulted in over 3-log reduction of E. coli in vitro Moreover, paenipeptin-antibiotic combinations significantly reduced E. coli in a murine thigh infection model.
A novel tool for standardizing clinical data in a realism-based common data model

Abstract Standardizing clinical information in a common data model is important for promoting interoperability and facilitating high quality research. Semantic Web technologies such as Resource Description Framework can be utilized to their full potential when a clinical data model accurately reflects the reality of the clinical situation it describes. To this end, the Open Biomedical Ontologies Foundry provides a set of ontologies that conform to the principles of realism and can be used to create a realism-based clinical data model. However, the challenge of programmatically defining such a model and loading data from disparate sources into the model has not been addressed by pre-existing software solutions. The PennTURBO Semantic Engine is a tool developed at the University of Pennsylvania that works in conjunction with data aggregation software to transform source-specific RDF data into a source-independent, realism-based data model. This system sources classes from an application ontology and specifically defines how instances of those classes may relate to each other. Additionally, the system defines and executes RDF data transformations by launching dynamically generated SPARQL update statements. The Semantic Engine was designed as a generalizable RDF data standardization tool, and is able to work with various data models and incoming data sources. Its human-readable configuration files can easily be shared between institutions, providing the basis for collaboration on a standard realism-based clinical data model.
Delayed Interventions, Low Compliance, and Health Disparities Amplified the Early Spread of COVID-19

The United States (US) public health interventions were rigorous and rapid, yet failed to arrest the spread of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic as infections spread throughout the US. Many factors have contributed to the spread of COVID-19, and the success of public health interventions depends on the level of community adherence to preventative measures. Public health professionals must also understand regional demographic variation in health disparities and determinants to target interventions more effectively. In this study, a systematic evaluation of three significant interventions employed in the US, and their effectiveness in slowing the early spread of COVID-19 was conducted. Next, community-level compliance with a state-level stay at home orders was assessed to determine COVID-19 spread behavior. Finally, health disparities that may have contributed to the disproportionate acceleration of early COVID-19 spread between certain counties were characterized. The contribution of these factors for the disproportionate spread of the disease was analyzed using both univariate and multivariate statistical analyses. Results of this investigation show that delayed implementation of public health interventions, a low level of compliance with the stay at home orders, in conjunction with health disparities, significantly contributed to the early spread of the COVID-19 pandemic.
“Not in our water!“: Environmental resistance in rural Wisconsin

Abstract Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations (CAFOs) are known to have a wide range of negative impacts upon nearby residents and communities. Therefore, the siting of such operations in economically underdeveloped rural communities is an important environmental justice issue. This study explores the environmental conflict that surrounded a proposed CAFO in Bayfield County, Wisconsin. In this struggle, an outside corporation attempted to site a new CAFO in a community that was highly divided on the issue. We draw complementary insights from the environmental justice, stakeholder theory, and rural studies literatures to explain how the opponents of the CAFO were ultimately able to successfully resist the unwanted land use. This theoretical framework treats the formation of environmental inequalities as a process of conflict among diverse parties in which the potentially impacted communities may strongly influence the eventual outcome. Through interviews with key stakeholders and analysis of local and state media sources, we examine the primary points of contention within the local community along with the relative claims making and discursive strategies employed by each side. The findings of this study imply that how rural communities construct their identity and define potential environmental hazards are central to deciding environmental conflicts.
Using a Tiered Approach to Support Early Childhood Educators’ Use of Behavioral Strategies

School-wide, multi-tiered systems of support are increasingly incorporating effective, low-intensity strategies (e.g., behavior-specific praise, choice, precorrection) into their Tier 1 (universal) practices. For some teachers, additional coaching may be needed to promote the use of these strategies. This study applied a tiered approach to supporting early childhood education educators’ use of behavioral strategies by providing email coaching with targeted examples, praise for strategy use, goal setting and visual performance feedback (Tier 2), and if needed, vibratory prompting in addition to Tier 2 supports (Tier 3). Results suggest a functional relation between the intervention and educators’ use of BSP and choice. One teacher required Tier 3 supports to reach goal-level implementation of BSP. Treatment fidelity and social validity data suggest the utility of this tiered approach. Limitations and future directions are discussed.
Characteristics of male triple negative breast cancer: A population‐based study

Male triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), which lacks expression of the estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), is a very rare entity, comprising only a very small percentage of all male breast cancer cases. Management strategies are typically based off research conducted in female TNBC patients; however, there is still much that remains unknown in the male cohort, such as risk factors for developing these malignancies, the optimal treatment approach, and both short-term and long-term outcome data. In this retrospective cohort study, we aimed to address these concerns by assessing both the characteristics of male patients who develop TNBC as well as their outcomes. We harnessed data from the National Cancer Institute Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program and identified 66 male patients diagnosed with TNBC between 2010 and 2016. Patients were stratified by several variables including age, insurance status, time period of diagnosis, histology, nodal status, tumor grade, tumor stage at diagnosis, and treatment strategy employed for the assessment of overall survival (OS) differences. Our analysis demonstrated that stage remains the most important prognostic factor for OS, with higher stage corresponding to worse OS. A significant OS benefit was also identified in men undergoing a total mastectomy, compared to partial mastectomy or no surgery at all. We also identified that male patients are more likely to present with more advanced disease stages compared to their female counterparts and, therefore, have worse outcomes on average. This may be due to various factors, including the rarity of male TNBC cases and less clear screening guidelines for male breast cancer in general. Trends toward poorer OS with higher tumor grade, higher tumor T stage, advanced age, earlier time period of diagnosis, and ductal histology were also identified, but did not achieve statistical significance. The remaining variables did not appear to influence outcomes in a meaningful manner. In summary, our study suggests, similar to population studies of women with TNBC, that tumor stage is a major prognostic factor of OS in men with TNBC. The data also suggest that the surgical treatment strategy employed is also likely of significance, with improved OS being seen with total mastectomies over partial mastectomies. Other variables such as tumor grade and T stage also likely play a role, but did not achieve statistical significance owing to the small population size. Owing to the rarity of cases, further studies of male TNBC are needed to better understand this rare entity and guide future management strategies.
Abstract 14604: Flecainide Induced Myalgias. A Rare but Important Adverse Reaction

Introduction: Flecainide is an anti-arrhythmic used in patients with symptomatic arrhythmias without structural heart anomalies. It is known to cause several non-cardiac adverse reactions, most com...
A Systematic Review of Associations Between Adverse Peer Experiences and Emotion Regulation in Adolescence.

Adolescence is a developmental period marked by changes in cognition, emotion, and social relations. For example, sensitivity to social feedback increases as peer relationships become more important yet less stable, leaving adolescents vulnerable to experiences of peer victimization and rejection. Given that prefrontal brain regions responsible for regulatory abilities continue to mature during adolescence, the brain is especially susceptible to environmental influences. As such, exposure to adverse peer experiences may undermine emotion regulation development. Thus, the present review sought to elucidate the association between adverse peer experiences and emotion regulation in adolescence (i.e. age 12–17 years). Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a systematic review of the literature assessing adverse peer experiences (victimization and rejection) and emotion regulation (including neurobiological, behavioral, cognitive levels of analysis) was conducted (Narticles included = 27). Results demonstrate that adverse peer experiences are negatively associated with emotion regulation processes, behaviorally and neurally. Although variability in definitions and measurement of constructs make nuanced comparisons between studies difficult, the present systematic review organizes this body of literature and discusses how promising theoretical perspectives, including the cognitive control of emotion model and social information processing theory, may help to explain this association. Finally, recommendations for future work to expand our understanding of these processes, and for intervention and prevention efforts (e.g., school-based violence prevention and socio-emotional learning programs, parenting practices) that may serve to ameliorate outcomes for youths facing adverse peer experiences and emotion dysregulation, are discussed.
Chronic hypoxia alters cardiac mitochondrial complex protein expression and activity in fetal guinea pigs in a sex-selective manner.

We hypothesize that intrauterine hypoxia (HPX) alters the mitochondrial phenotype in fetal hearts contributing to developmental programming. Pregnant guinea pigs were exposed to normoxia (NMX) or h...
Monkeypox: an Emerging Infection for Humans?

Human monkeypox was first identified in 1970 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) in an area where smallpox had been eliminated about 2 years previously. Monkeypox, a zoonotic and probably respiratorily acquired disease, resembles smallpox clinically but differs biologically and epidemiologically of all these differences, the most important is that spread between humans is limited. Experimental monkeypox infections in several species of animals, including nonhuman primates, have demonstrated infectivity and pathogenesis following infection by aerosol, intranasal inoculations, or parenteral administration. Numerous infections and other syndromes that cause papulovesicular and vesiculopustular eruptions can resemble human monkeypox. Clinical manifestations of human diseases caused by poxviruses have been provided in this chapter. There was evidence to suggest cocirculation of varicella-zoster virus, as five of six active monkeypox cases living in one household also had serological evidence (IgM) of recent varicella-zoster virus infection. In January 1999, the Technical Advisory Group Meeting on Human Monkeypox was convened by the World Health Organization (WHO). The advisory group reviewed the clinical, epidemiologic, and laboratory results from the recent outbreaks and identified areas for further surveillance and research on the public health impact of human monkeypox. The WHO document on collection, storage and shipping of specimens from humans for monkeypox and hemorrhagic viruses should be updated.
Rifted paradise : poems.

v ZERO RECOVER 1 ECLIPSE IN BOSTON COMMON 3 THE OTHER ARM 5 COLD SENTIMENT 6 ROUGHOUSING 8 ICESTORM 9 UNDER THE BRIDGE 10 LATE AT THE VEGAN JOINT 12 COUPLES WHO DiVE 14 OLD WORLD SPARROWS .15 BETWEEN DOG AND WOLF 16 AUTUMN BREAK 18 SAVING THE WEB 20 MY EX-WIFE THE HOST OF A SPANISH RADIO SHOW 22 PRUIFIER 24 OUTSIDE LIGHT 26 THE URN BUT NOT THE ASHES 27 NORTH WINTER 29 YOU DON'T FUCK WITH DEATH 31
Human mixed-lymphocyte culture reaction: genetics, specificity, and biological implications.

Publisher Summary This chapter deals with the new and exciting developments in MLC (multi-level cell) typing in human histocompatibility studies. The genetics, specificity, and biological implications of human mixed-lymphocyte culture reaction are also discussed. The use of homozygous cells from specific delineates at least six different distinct MLC antigens that can be recognized by B-cell-specific alloantisera and clearly relate to the Ia antigens of the murine system. Certain disease associations and the genes involved in the complement components, appear more closely linked to the MLC genes than to the other components of the HLA (human leukocyte antigen) system. The MHC (major histocompatibility complex) in man HLA is defined by four distinct loci: (1) HLA-A, (2) B, (3) C, and (4) D. Three of these loci code for alloantigen are readily detectable by serological methods (HLA-A, B, and C). The fourth locus (HLA-D) controls lymphocyte responses in the in vitro mixed-lymphocyte culture reaction (MLR). Three important characteristics shared by the genes or gene products of each locus are also discussed. The study of genetic control of immune response and that of clinical transplantations emphasizes the significance of the HLA-D segment of the HLA complex. The chapter summarizes the major achievements in the clarification of the genetic control and polymorphism of the serologically detectable HLA-A, B, and C determinants.
Moderate Velocity Ball Impact of a Mock High-Explosive

Modeling of thermal and mechanical events in high-explosive materials is complicated by the composite nature of the material, which experiences viscoelastic and plastic deformations and sustains damage in the form of microcracks that can dominate its overall behavior. A mechanical event of interest is projectile interaction with the material, which leads to extreme local deformation and adiabatic heating, which can potentially lead to adverse outcomes in an energetic material. Simulations of such an event predicted large local temperature rises near the path of a spherical projectile, but these were experimentally unconfirmed and hence potentially non-physical. This work concerns the experimental verification of local temperatures both at the surface and in the wake of a spherical projectile penetrating a mock (unreactive) high-explosive at ~700 m/s. Fast response thermocouples were embedded radially in a mid-plane of a cylindrical target, which was bonded around the thermocouples with epoxy and recorded by an oscilloscope through a low-pass filter with a bandwidth of 500 Hz. A peak temperature rise of 70 K was measured both at the equator of the projectile and in its wake, in good agreement with the temperature predicted in the minimally distorted elements at those locations by a finite element model in ABAQUS employing the ViscoSCRAM constitutive model. Further work is needed to elucidate the extreme temperature rises in material undergoing crushing or fragmentation, which is difficult to predict with meshed finite element methods due to element distortion, and also challenging to quantify experimentally.
Increased Immune Gene Expression and Immune Cell Infiltration in High-Grade Astrocytoma Distinguish Long-Term from Short-Term Survivors

Survival in the majority of high-grade astrocytoma (HGA) patients is very poor, with only a rare population of long-term survivors. A better understanding of the biological factors associated with long-term survival in HGA would aid development of more effective therapy and survival prediction. Factors associated with long-term survival have not been extensively studied using unbiased genome-wide expression analyses. In the current study, gene expression microarray profiles of HGA from long-term survivors were interrogated for discovery of survival-associated biological factors. Ontology analyses revealed that increased expression of immune function-related genes was the predominant biological factor that positively correlated with longer survival. A notable T cell signature was present within this prognostic immune gene set. Using immune cell-specific gene classifiers, both T cell-associated and myeloid linage-associated genes were shown to be enriched in HGA from long-term versus short-term survivors. Association of immune function and cell-specific genes with survival was confirmed independently in a larger publicly available glioblastoma gene expression microarray data set. Histology was used to validate the results of microarray analyses in a larger cohort of long-term survivors of HGA. Multivariate analyses demonstrated that increased immune cell infiltration was a significant independent variable contributing to longer survival, as was Karnofsky/Lansky performance score. These data provide evidence of a prognostic anti-tumor adaptive immune response and rationale for future development of immunotherapy in HGA.
Applying loop optimizations to object-oriented abstractions through general classification of array semantics

Optimizing compilers have a long history of applying loop transformations to C and Fortran scientific applications. However, such optimizations are rare in compilers for object-oriented languages such as C++ or Java, where loops operating on user-defined types are left unoptimized due to their unknown semantics. Our goal is to reduce the performance penalty of using high-level object-oriented abstractions. We propose an approach that allows the explicit communication between programmers and compilers. We have extended the traditional Fortran loop optimizations with an open interface. Through this interface, we have developed techniques to automatically recognize and optimize user-defined array abstractions. In addition, we have developed an adapted constant-propagation algorithm to automatically propagate properties of abstractions. We have implemented these techniques in a C++ source-to-source translator and have applied them to optimize several kernels written using an array-class library. Our experimental results show that using our approach, applications using high-level abstractions can achieve comparable, and in cases superior, performance to that achieved by efficient low-level hand-written codes.
On Randomly Generated Non-Trivially Intersecting Hypergraphs

We propose two procedures to choose members of ${[n] \choose r}$ sequentially at random to form a non-trivially intersecting hypergraph. In both cases we show what is the limiting probability that if $r=c_nn^{1/3}$ with $c_n \rightarrow c$, then the process results in a Hilton-Milner-type hypergraph.