cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Review of Alvin Dueck and Kevin Reimer’s A Peaceable Psychology: Christian Therapy in a World of Many Cultures

If you care for, counsel or provide psychotherapy for people from cultural backgrounds different from your own, and who does not these days, A Peaceable Psychology is a must read. The authors, Alvin Dueck, the Evelyn and Frank Freed Professor of the Integration of Psychology and Theology at Fuller Theological Seminary, and Kevin Reimer, Professor of Psychology at Azusa Pacific University, have written a most compelling, challenging and at times disturbing book about the role of modern American psychology within the growing multicultural world, both overseas and here in the United States. The authors, rooted in their Anabaptist tradition, challenge us to reflect critically upon the assumptions, values and unconscious motives that drive our efforts to spread American-style psychotherapy around the world. While modern American psychologists believe that they are helping the world by exporting their knowledge, methods and psychotherapeutic delivery systems, we are in fact, in the opinion of the authors, “doing violence,” a cultural violence upon those who we seek to help. We do this violence because in exporting the basic values of the modernwestern psychotherapeutic establishment, like individualism, secularism, scientism and materialism, we are undermining the culture of nonwestern clients and nonwestern cultures in general. The best alternative, according to the authors, is a “peaceable psychology,” a psychology grounded in the radical teachings and servant model of Jesus Christ, which has as its core values assumptions that are often different from modern western psychology. The book is well written, well organized, well documented and loaded with clinical examples, gripping stories and insightful biblical passages. It takes the normal textbooks on cross-cultural psychotherapy “one step further,” suggesting that modern psychology is not the savior of the world, but a new form of cultural colonialism or what the authors call a psychological “Constantinianism,” a repetition of the 4th century merging of religion and power that, in their view, diluted and distorted the radical and healing nature of Jesus’ teachings. Some of the more intriguing points include the idea that modern American-based psychology assumes the importance of the individual, at the expense of the communal. The very fact that we treat people as individuals, in a therapist’s office, challenges the cultural assumptions and norms of many non-westernized clients. They suggest that even our Pastoral Psychol (2010) 59:525–526 DOI 10.1007/s11089-010-0277-8
Carrier depletion and grain misorientations on individual grain boundaries of polycrystalline Si thin films

Structural and microelectrical properties of grain boundaries (GBs) in polycrystalline Si thin films were investigated by electron backscattering diffraction (EBSD) and scanning capacitance microscopy (SCM). The SCM measurements revealed highly nonuniform carrier depletions among the GBs, indicating the variety of electrical properties due to the specific GB structures. The EBSD measurement showed that the films are weakly [001]-oriented with small fractions of grains in the [111] and [110] orientations. Comparison of the SCM and EBSD measurements taken on the same film area led to the following observations: (1) Σ3 GBs do not exhibit carrier depletions and thus do not have charged deep levels; (2) Some Σ9 GBs exhibit carrier depletions and some do not, indicating that the intrinsic ਺9 GBs do not have charged deep levels and the carrier depletions are due to impurity gettering at the GBs; (3) No significant relationship between the carrier depletion behavior and the grain misorientation was found so far on the GBs with random misorientations; (4) The carrier depletion behavior does not depend only on the grain misorientation but also on the facet where the GB is taken.
Tob1 plays a critical role in the activation of encephalitogenic T cells in CNS autoimmunity.

Reliable biomarkers corresponding to disease progression or therapeutic responsiveness in multiple sclerosis (MS) have not been yet identified. We previously reported that low expression of the antiproliferative gene TOB1 in CD4+ T cells of individuals presenting with an initial central nervous system (CNS) demyelinating event (a clinically isolated syndrome), correlated with high risk for progression to MS. We report that experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in Tob1−/− mice was associated with augmented CNS inflammation, increased infiltrating CD4+ and CD8+ T cell counts, and increased myelin-reactive Th1 and Th17 cells, with reduced numbers of regulatory T cells. Reconstitution of Rag1−/− mice with Tob1−/− CD4+ T cells recapitulated the aggressive EAE phenotype observed in Tob1−/− mice. Furthermore, severe spontaneous EAE was observed when Tob1−/− mice were crossed to myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein–specific T cell receptor transgenic (2D2) mice. Collectively, our results reveal a critical role for Tob1 in adaptive T cell immune responses that drive development of EAE, thus providing support for the development of Tob1 as a biomarker for demyelinating disease activity.
Contributions of the hippocampus and the striatum to simple association and frequency-based learning

Abstract Using fMRI and a learning paradigm, this study examined the independent contributions of the hippocampus and striatum to simple association and frequency-based learning. We scanned 10 right-handed young adult subjects using a spiral in/out sequence on a GE 3.0 T scanner during performance of the learning paradigm. The paradigm consisted of 2 cues that predicted each of 3 targets with varying probabilities. Simultaneously, we varied the frequency with which each target was presented throughout the task, independent of cue associations. Subjects had shorter response latencies to frequently occurring and highly associated target stimuli and longer response latencies to infrequent target stimuli, indicating learning. Imaging results showed increased caudate activity to infrequent relative to frequent targets and increased hippocampal activity to infrequent relative to frequent cue–target associations. This work provides evidence of different neural mechanisms underlying learning based on simple frequencies versus associations within a single paradigm.
Public opinion, local pollution havens, and environmental justice: a case study of a community visioning project in Appalachian Ohio

The pollution havens hypothesis argues that developed countries will locate polluting industries in developing countries to avoid costs associated with environmental regulations. This study explores the role of community visioning and public opinion in creating a possible pollution haven in a rural area in Appalachian Ohio. Data from a community-based participatory process that included focus groups, key informants interviews, a regional public opinion survey, and an online voting activity are examined in the context of public acceptability of long-term environmental consequences for short term economic gain. The outcome of the multi-faceted community visioning process indicates that the approach to engaging citizens affects opinions about the future use of a federal uranium enrichment site in southeast Ohio. In addition, local pollution havens are likely to continue to emerge as long as the economy remains weak, and communities are willing to house facilities because they promise jobs even if they will c...
Error bounds for data-driven models of dynamical systems

This work provides a technique for estimating error bounds about the predictions of data-driven models of dynamical systems. The bootstrap technique is applied to predictions from a set of dynamical system models, rather than from the time-series data, to estimate the reliability (in the form of prediction intervals) for each prediction. The technique is illustrated using human core temperature data, modeled by a hybrid (autoregressive plus first principles) approach. The temperature prediction intervals obtained are in agreement with those from the Camp-Meidell inequality. Moreover, as expected, the prediction intervals increase with the prediction horizon, time-series data variability, and model inaccuracy.
Capacity of Time-Varying Channels With Causal Channel Side Information

We derive the capacity of time-varying channels with memory that have causal channel side information (CSI) at the sender and receiver. We obtain capacity of block-memoryless and asymptotically block-memoryless channels with block-memoryless or weakly decorrelating side information. Our coding theorems rely on causal generation of the codewords relative to the causal transmitter CSI. The CSI need not be perfect, and we consider the case where the transmitter and receiver have the same causal CSI as well as the case where the transmitter CSI is a deterministic function of the receiver CSI. For block-memoryless and asymptotically block-memoryless channels, our coding strategy averages mutual information density over multiple transmission blocks to achieve the maximum average mutual information. We apply the coding theorem associated with the block-memoryless channel to determine the capacity and optimal input distribution of intersymbol interference (ISI) time-varying channels with causal perfect CSI about the time-varying channel. The capacity of this channel cannot be found through traditional decomposition methods
Clear air boundary layer spaced antenna wind measurement with the Multiple Antenna Profiler (MAPR)

Abstract. Spaced antenna (SA) wind measurement techniques are applied to Multiple Antenna Profiler (MAPR) data to evaluate its performance in clear air conditions. MAPR is a multiple antenna 915 MHz wind profiler developed at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) and described in Cohn et al. (1997), designed to make high resolution wind measurements. Previous reported measurements with MAPR were restricted to precipitation because of low signal to noise (SNR) and signal to ground-clutter (SCR) ratios. By using a standard pulse-coding technique and upgrading the profiler control software, increases in average power and SNR were achieved, making routine measurements in clear air possible. Comparison of winds measured by MAPR and by a sonic anemometer on a nearby 300 m tower show correlation coefficients in the range of R2 = 0.75 – 0.80, and an average absolute error of ~ 1.4 m s - 1 . This compares favorably with the agreement typically found in wind profiler comparisons. We also consider the use of the parameter ah , which is related to the value of the cross-correlation function at its zero crossing. This parameter is a data quality indicator and possibly a key component in a ground clutter removal technique. Key words. Meteorology and atmospheric dynamics (mesoscale meteorology; instruments and techniques) – Radio science (remote sensing)
A Geometrical Test of the Cosmological Energy Contents Using the Lyα Forest

We explore a version of the test of cosmological geometry proposed by Alcock & Paczynski in 1979, using observations of the Lyα forest in the spectra of close quasar pairs. By comparing the correlations in absorption in one quasar spectrum with correlations between the spectra of neighboring quasars, one can determine the relation of the redshift distance scale to the angle distance scale at the redshift of the absorbers, z~2-4. Since this relationship depends on the parameters of the cosmological model, these parameters may be determined using the Lyα forest. While this test is relatively insensitive to the density parameter Ωm in a dust-dominated universe, it is more sensitive to the presence of a matter component with large negative pressure (such as a cosmological constant Λ) and its equation of state. With only 25 pairs of quasar spectra at angular separations 05-2', one can discriminate between an Ω=0.3 open universe (Λ=0) and an Ω=0.3 flat (Λ-dominated) universe at the 4 σ level.
The Collider Detector at the Fermilab Tevatron

This chapter provides a concise description of the Tevatron collider and of the CDF II detector. More details are provided on the tracking and muon detector systems, on account of their importance in the present analysis.
Anomalous one-electron processes in the chemistry of uranium nitrogen multiple bonds.

Novel reaction pathways are illustrated in the synthesis of uranium(IV), uranium(V), and uranium(VI) monoimido complexes. In contrast to the straightforward preparation of UV(═NSiMe3)[N(SiMe3)2]3 (1), the synthesis of a uranium(V) tritylimido complex, UV(═NCPh3)[N(SiMe3)2]3 (4), from UIII[N(SiMe3)2]3 and Ph3CN3 was found to proceed through multiple one-electron steps. Whereas the oxidation of 1 with copper(II) salts produced the uranium(VI) monoimido complexes UVI(═NSiMe3)X[N(SiMe3)2]3 (X = Cl, Br), the reaction of 4 with CuBr2 undergoes sterically induced reduction to form the uranium(VI) monoimido complex UVI(═NCPh3)Br2[N(SiMe3)2]2, demonstrating a striking difference in reactivity based on imido substituent. The facile reduction of compounds 1 and 4 with KC8 allowed for the synthesis of the uranium(IV) monoimido derivatives, K[UIV(═NSiMe3)[N(SiMe3)2]3] (1-K) and K[UIV(═NCPh3)[N(SiMe3)2]3] (4-K), respectively. In contrast, an analogous uranium(IV) monoimido complex, K[UIV(═NPhF)[N(SiMe3)PhF]], PhF = -pe...
Mating patterns and gene dynamics of a population isolate of native Americans

Mating structure can have important effects on population genetic phenomena, including inbreeding and genetic drift. However, data necessary to test predictions based on mathematical models or identify sensitivity to simplifying assumptions are difficult to collect. We used two sources of such data, pedigrees and genotypes, collected in a human-population isolate. The population studied was Native American and located in New Mexico. It was founded in the mid-19th century by ca. 30 individuals, primarily of Navajo origin, and its size increased steadily thereafter. A complete tribal pedigree spanning ca. 100 years (up to 1948) was collected by anthropologists starting in the 1920s. Probabilities of allelic identity by descent (IBD) within and among individuals were calculated for all generations directly from the pedigree. Wright's F-statistics were calculated from the IBD probabilities, and N e was obtained from the statistic F ST . Genetic typings were performed on blood samples collected from the population between 1991-1993. A second set of F-statistics were calculated from genetic typings. Genetic kinship between individuals (F ST ) and average inbreeding within individuals (F IT ) stabilized after the first two generations. However, F ST was always greater than F IT of the next generation, suggesting that the net effect of social practices was inbreeding avoidance. In contrast to general expectations for growing populations, N e increased over generations due to immigration. F-statistics estimated from the genetic typings were remarkably close to pedigree estimates, suggesting a drift-migration steady state.
Longitudinal Assessment of Systemic and Genital Tract Inflammatory Markers and Endogenous Genital Tract E. coli Inhibitory Activity in HIV-Infected and Uninfected Women.

Problem Stability over time of systemic and mucosal immunity and their associations with bacterial vaginosis (BV) and HIV-specific parameters were assessed. Method of Study Immune mediators and HIV viral load in plasma and cervicovaginal lavage (CVL), E. coli inhibition, and Nugent score were measured at three semiannual visits among 94 participants in the Women's Interagency HIV Study. Mixed models identified the factors associated with immune mediators. Results There was higher E. coli inhibition and lower inflammation over time in the genital tract and systemically. BV was consistently associated with higher CVL inflammatory mediators and lower CVL E. coli inhibition. HIV-infected women with higher CD4 counts had lower systemic and genital inflammatory mediators, and genital HIV shedding was associated with higher CVL inflammatory mediators. Use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) was associated with lower plasma and CVL mediators, but higher E. coli inhibition. Conclusion HIV and BV are linked to inflammation, and ART may be associated with improved vaginal health.
Development of Parallel Gap Lightning Protection Device for 110 kV and 220 kV Overhead Lines

To reduce the damage of insulators and fittings caused by power frequency follow current after lightning flashover,a parallel gap lightning protection device for 110 kV and 220kV overhead transmission lines was developed. With this device the lightning impulse flashover and power frequency arc characteristics were investigated and the voltage distribution along insulator strings and trip out rate of transmission lines with the device are calculated. As a function of gap distance, the fifty percent lightning-stroke flashover voltage was analyzed. Based on above studies the design of the device was improved, serial tables of electrode’s design dimension were given, and the specimens were provided, so that engineers and technicians could select the dimension of the parallel gap according to insulator pieces of the strings and lightning-stroke trip-out rate of transmission lines.
Sex differences in obesity development in pair-fed neuronal lipoprotein lipase deficient mice

Abstract Objective Compared to men, postmenopausal women suffer from a disproportionate burden of many co-morbidities associated with obesity, e.g. cardiovascular disease, cancer, and dementia. The underlying mechanism for this sex difference is not well understood but is believed to relate to absence of the protective effect of estrogen through the action of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) in the central nervous system. With the recently developed neuron-specific lipoprotein lipase deficient mice (NEXLPL−/−) (Wang et al., Cell Metabolism, 2011 [15]), we set to explore the possible role of lipid sensing in sex differences in obesity development. Methods Both male and female NEXLPL−/− mice and littermate WT controls were subjected to pair feeding (pf) where daily food amount given was adjusted according to body weight to match the food intake of ad libitum (ad) fed control WT mice. Food intake and body weight were measured daily, and pair feeding was maintained to 42 wk in male mice and to 38 wk in female mice. Various brain regions of the mice were harvested, and ERα gene expression was examined in both male and female NEXLPL−/− and WT control mice under both ad- and pf-fed conditions. Results Although both male and female NEXLPL−/− mice developed obesity similarly on standard chow, male NEXLPL−/− mice still developed obesity under with pair feeding, but on a much delayed time course, while female NEXLPL−/− mice were protected from extra body weight and fat mass gain compared to pair-fed WT control mice. Pair feeding alone induced extra fat mass gain in both male and female WT mice, and this was mostly driven by the reduction in physical activity. LPL deficiency resulted in an increase in ERα mRNA in the hypothalamus of ad-fed female mice, while pair feeding alone also resulted in an increase of ERα in both female WT control and NEXLPL−/− mice. The effect on increasing ERα by pair feeding and LPL deficiency was additive in pair-fed female NEXLPL−/− mice. ERα mRNA levels were not significantly modified in other brain regions examined, nor in the hypothalamus of male NEXLPL−/− mice compared to control mice. Conclusions These results suggest that the mechanism underlying ERα regulation of body weight interacts with the LPL-dependent lipid processing in the hypothalamus in a sex specific way. ERα could provide the link between brain lipid sensing and sex differences in obesity development. This study has the potential important clinical implication to provide better management for women who suffer from obesity and obesity-related co-morbidities.
Musculoskeletal problems in hemoglobinopathy.

SUMMARY Disorders of hemoglobin synthesis affect the musculoskeletal system by either causing replacement of bone by hematopoietic tissue, precipitating bone and soft tissue ischemia and necrosis, or a combination of both processes. Less frequently, joints are involved by synovial ischemia, synovial deposition of iron, or microfracture of subchondral bone. Osteopenia is a significant problem in both thalassemia and sickle cell anemia and may result in vertebral and long bone fractures. Growth disturbances are frequently seen but are not often appreciated until adolescence because of improved hematologic management. The cause of the growth problems is multifactorial and may be related to hormonal deficiencies, iron overload, hypoxia, or local trauma to the growth plate secondary to significant osteopenia.
Dense indoor mmWave wearable networks: Managing interference and scalable MAC

MmWave based wearable networks will need to function in various environments including possibly high density settings, e.g., train cars. At such densities one might expect challenges in interference management and/or excessive overheads tracking and jointly scheduling interferers. In this paper we use simple stochastic geometric models to examine the characteristics (number and sensitivity to motion) of "strong interferers" and show that due to blocking they are not monotonic in user density. Indeed, perhaps surprisingly, the most challenging setting appears to arise at "intermediate" user densities. We then propose a simple model to evaluate the performance of current MAC designs based on clustering and hierarchical scheduling. The results exhibit a performance trade-off leading to an optimal cluster size which depends on the directionality of transmissions. More importantly, we show that at high densities the per user throughput is roughly constant, suggesting wearable networks will scale well in dense scenarios.
Mutation of the rice XA21 predicted nuclear localization sequence does not affect resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae.

Author(s): Wei, T; Chen, TC; Ho, YT; Ronald, PC | Abstract: © 2016 Wei et al. Background. The rice receptor kinase XA21 confers robust resistance to the bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). We previously reported that XA21 is cleaved in transgenic plants overexpressing XA21 with a GFP tag (Ubi-XA21-GFP) and that the released C-terminal domain is localized to the nucleus. XA21 carries a predicted nuclear localization sequence (NLS) that directs the C-terminal domain to the nucleus in transient assays, whereas alanine substitutions in the NLS disrupt the nuclear localization. Methods. To determine if the predicted NLS is required for XA21-mediated immunity in planta, we generated transgenic plants overexpressing an XA21 variant carrying the NLS with the same alanine substitutions (Ubi-XA21nls-GFP). Results. Ubi-XA21nls-GFP plants displayed slightly longer lesion lengths, higher Xoo bacterial populations after inoculation and lower levels of reactive oxygen species production compared with the Ubi-XA21-GFP control plants. However, the Ubi-XA21nls-GFP plants express lower levels of protein than that observed in Ubi-XA21-GFP. Discussion. These results demonstrate that the predicted NLS is not required for XA21-mediated immunity.
Hypertension Opens the Flood Gates to the Gut Microbiota.

There continues to be a rapidly evolving interest in the role of the gut microbiome in cardiovascular disease. It has long been known that the gut microbiome has a fundamentally mutualistic, symbiotic relationship with the human host. However, from earlier observations using mice grown in germ-free environments to more recent advances in identifying unique metabolic products of the gut microbiome,1 the data have led to a compelling story linking cardiovascular disease to the trillions of prokaryotic organisms that live in the human gut. Article, see p 312 In this issue of Circulation Research , Santisteban et al2 have provided provocative data demonstrating very definitively that, in 2 different animal models of hypertension, there is decreased expression of several tight junction proteins in the gut and a concomitant increase in intestinal permeability. Furthermore, their data show that in the spontaneously hypertensive rat model, the increase in permeability is a result of increased sympathetic nerve activity before the development of hypertension. They therefore conclude that there is a direct, causal link between the sympathetic nerve activity derived from the central nervous system and increased gut permeability (Figure). They further hypothesize that the changes in gut permeability result in hypertension and cause a shift in the types of bacteria that are present in the gut. Finally, they have shown that the changes in sympathetic activity resulting in increased gut permeability are also associated with an increase in inflammatory cells within the intestinal wall thus …
Effects of basal-plane thermal conductivity and interface thermal conductance on the hot spot temperature in graphene electronic devices

Electrostatic force microscopy and scanning thermal microscopy are employed to investigate the electric transport and localized heating around defects introduced during transfer of graphene grown by chemical vapor deposition to an oxidized Si substrate. Numerical and analytical models are developed to explain the results based on the reported basal-plane thermal conductivity, κ, and interfacial thermal conductance, G, of graphene and to investigate their effects on the peak temperature. Irrespective of the κ values, increasing G beyond 4 × 107 W m−2 K−1 can reduce the peak temperature effectively for graphene devices made on sub-10 nm thick gate dielectric, but not for the measured device made on 300-nm-thick oxide dielectric, which yields a cross-plane thermal conductance (Gox) much smaller than the typical G of graphene. In contrast, for typical G values reported for graphene, increasing κ from 300 W m−1 K−1 toward 3000 W m−1 K−1 is effective in reducing the hot spot temperature for the 300-nm-thick oxide devices but not for the sub-10 nm gate dielectric case, because the heat spreading length (l) can be appreciably increased relative to the micron-scale localized heat generation spot size (r0) only when the oxide layer is sufficiently thick. As such, enhancement of κ increases the vertical heat transfer area above the gate dielectric only for the thick oxide case. In all cases considered, the hot spot temperature is sensitive to varying G and κ only when the G/Gox ratio and r0/l ratio are below about 5, respectively.
The Patent Damages Gap: An Economist's Review of U.S. Patent Damages Apportionment Rules

As an economist, I find the current state of the law regarding damages for patent infringement – most particularly that relating to apportionment – frustrating at best and woefully incomplete at worst. Namely, damages case law for utility patent infringement provides two very different, but insufficient, guidance frameworks for calculating damages: the entire market value rule (EMVR) versus the smallest salable patent practicing unit (SSPPU) principle. The modern pair of EMVR and SSPPU options is far narrower than the approaches afforded by the original 1884 Supreme Court ruling establishing apportionment for damages, Garretson. In this paper, I present the economic case for expanding the allowable damages frameworks beyond EMVR or SSPPU, to fill in the gap in reasonable damages approaches created by an EMVR and SSPPU dichotomy.
Age-hardening in a two component immiscible nanolaminate metal system

Abstract Density functional theory was used to predict the diffusion and precipitation of Cr in Cu. The energy barrier of Cr diffusion in Cu is comparable to the self-diffusion of Cr, and higher than the energy barrier of Cu self-diffusion. The simulations support the experimentally measured hardness of 30 nm thick nanolaminate layers of Cr/Cu-3.4%Cr. As-deposited films had a hardness of 6.25 GPa; annealing at 373 K decreased hardness to 5.95 GPa, while annealing at 573 K increased the hardness to 6.6 GPa. Transmission electron microscopy indicates there is significant local strain due to precipitation, in agreement with theoretical predictions.
Experience of Palestinian medical students on the geopolitical barriers to accessing hospitals for clinical training: a qualitative study

Abstract Background The movement of Palestinians in the occupied Palestinian territories is restricted by bureaucratic and physical obstacles. The objectives of this study were to characterise the barriers that Palestinian medical students face in accessing hospitals for clinical training and to understand how they affect Palestinian students' medical education and quality of life. Methods Convenience sampling was used to recruit fourth-year to sixth-year medical students from Al-Quds University to participate in individual online surveys and focus group discussions. Informed consent was obtained electronically and verbally. 30 students completed the online survey and 36 students participated in focus group discussions. Transcripts of the surveys and interviews were coded to identify major themes. This study was approved by the institutional review boards at Harvard Medical School and Al-Quds University. Findings Palestinian medical students faced numerous challenges during their clinical training. Students emphasised the difficulties in obtaining permits to train at East Jerusalem hospitals, including arbitrary permit rejections and long wait times. Substantial delays, searches, and mistreatment at checkpoints during their commute to hospitals in East Jerusalem and throughout the West Bank were particularly burdensome. The majority of students felt that their education and quality of life had been strongly negatively affected by their experience trying to access hospital training sites. Interpretation Our findings suggest that medical students living and studying in the occupied Palestinian territories receive suboptimal training because of ambiguous permit rules, barriers at checkpoints, and the psychological burden of the process. These results highlight the effect that military occupation has on the education and quality of life of Palestinian medical students. Funding WHO West Bank and Gaza Office, Advocacy Unit, Jerusalem, and Harvard Medical School, USA.
Biology and Feminism: A Philosophical Introduction

This book provides a unique introduction to the study of relationships between gender and biology, a core part of the feminist science research tradition which emerged nearly half a century ago. Lynn Hankinson Nelson presents an accessible and balanced discussion of research questions, background assumptions, methods, and hypotheses about biology and gender with which feminist scientists and science scholars critically and constructively engage. Writing from the perspective of contemporary philosophy of science, she examines the evidence for and ethical implications of biological hypotheses about gender, and discusses relevant philosophical issues including understandings of scientific objectivity, the nature of scientific reasoning, and relationships between biological research and the scientific and social contexts in which it is pursued. Clear and comprehensive, this volume addresses the engagements of feminist scientists and science scholars with a range of disciplines, including developmental and evolutionary biology, medicine, neurobiology, and primatology.
Versorgung von Demenzkranken als multiprofessionelle Aufgabe

Die Versorgung von Menschen mit einer Demenzerkrankung ist durch einen zunehmenden Versorgungsbedarf gekennzeichnet. Die damit verbundene Dynamik und ihre individuell unterschiedliche Komplexitat bildet sich in dieser Gesamtheit als Dementia Care Sensitive Demands (DCSD), den demenzversorgungssensitiven Bedarfslagen ab. Die damit verbunden Anforderungen lassen sich nur mittels gelingender Kommunikation zwischen den multiprofessionell agierenden formellen und informellen Akteuren abstimmen. Ziel ist die Koordination gemeinsamer Ziele, die das Wohlbefinden von Menschen mit Demenz, mitunter auch das von Mitbetroffenen, einbezieht.
Influence of Early Life, Diet, and the Environment on the Microbiome

Advances in sequencing technology and bioinformatics have greatly enhanced our ability to understand the human microbiome. Over the last decade, a growing body of literature has linked nutrition and the environment to the microbiome and is now thought to be an important contributor to overall health. This paper reviews the literature from the past 10 years to highlight the influence of environmental factors such as diet, early life adversity and stress in shaping and modifying our microbiome towards health and disease. The review shows that many factors such as the mode of delivery, breast milk, stress, diet and medications can greatly influence the development of our gut microbiome and potentially make us more prone to certain diseases. By incorporating environmental factors into models that study the microbiome in the setting of health and disease, may provide a better understanding of disease and potentially new areas of treatment. To highlight this, we will additionally explore the role of the environment and the microbiome in the development of obesity and functional bowel disorders.
Mapping brand similarities: Comparing consumer online comments versus survey data:

Online consumer behavior has become a valuable and viable source of consumer insights. Consumer comments in online forums, or discussion groups, have proven useful as a source to extract brand simi...
Examining Age as a Moderating Effect on the Relationship Between Alcohol Use and Viral Suppression Among Women Living With HIV

This study sought to examine if age moderated the effect of alcohol on viral suppression among women living with HIV. A secondary data analysis, using data from the 550 Clinic Women’s HIV Cohort St...
Procedure for length matching of daisy-chained clock and command/address/control signal traces including via length compensation

High-speed DDR3 and DDR4 memory requires tight length matching between clock and data traces so that signal timing parameters can be met. In this paper, we look at the length matching between clock and command/address/control (CAC) on daisychained signal routing for memory-down DDR3 and DDR4 DRAM. We will include the compensation for the via length as the signal traces are often routed on different layers. The compensation for via length on daisy-chained traces is usually tricky and most board layouts either do not compensate or compensate wrongly.
Genetic improvement of livestock, from conventional breeding to biotechnological approaches

Abstract Livestock production and efficiency has improved dramatically due to improvements in nutrition, animal health, and breeding and genetics. Genetic improvement of livestock has and continues to play a crucial role in the advancement of livestock agriculture by increasing the efficiency and sustainability of production for all livestock species. This chapter explores the broad contributions made by traditional breeding schemes, genomics, and biotechnologies such as assisted reproductive technologies and genetic engineering. Although not completely comprehensive, it provides an overview of key developments and milestones that contributed to the genetic improvement of livestock along with emerging opportunities for continued growth.
Judy Heumann and the Disability Rights Movement

The disability rights movement focuses on guaranteeing equal rights and opportunities to individuals with disabilities. Though people with disabilities advocated for improved conditions and government help as far back as the early 20th century, the movement really began in earnest in the 1970s following the lead of the civil rights revolution. Disability activists called for the explicit protection of individuals with disabilities through changes in public law. Their efforts, helped foster the creation of federal laws (particularly the 1990 Americans with Disabilities Act- ADA) that specifically addressed discrimination on the basis of disability and required institutions to provide appropriate accommodations. Through understanding how ableism influenced medical, legal, and educational institutions, a greater understanding of life for citizens prior to the ADA can be formed. This paper focuses on how an individual court case was used to hold these institutions accountable for continued exclusion of people with disabilities and set the stage for the disability rights movement moving forward.
Effects of Entrainment and Mixing on the Wegener–Bergeron–Findeisen Process

AbstractThe growth of ice crystals at the expense of water droplets, the Wegener-Bergeron-Findeisen (WBF) process, is of major importance for the production of precipitation in mixed-phase clouds. ...
Hybrid Repair of Chronic Stanford Type B Aortic Dissection with Expanding Arch Aneurysm.

Purpose: The management of patients with chronic Stanford type B aortic dissection who develop complications requires intervention without clear guidelines. Chronic aortic dissection is difficult to treat and often leads to significant morbidity and mortality. We report a complex case of chronic Stanford type B aortic dissection (TBAD) with an expanding false lumen aneurysm and distal fenestrations that required a multi-stage hybrid repair. Technique: The patient first underwent a median sternotomy for the ascending aorta to the innominate artery and innominate artery to the left carotid artery bypass, followed by a left carotid to left axillary artery bypass. Due to continued aneurysmal growth, the patient ultimately underwent total cervical and abdominal aortic debranching as well as thoracic and abdominal endovascular grafting with iliac excluders. The patient recovered well after the surgery and had no further expansion of the aneurysm at 12-month follow up. Conclusion: Endovascular repairs have been the mainstay of chronic TBAD repair, but hybrid approaches may be necessary for difficult repairs. A multi-stage hybrid repair approach has been successful in a patient who had a chronic type B aortic dissection with aneurysmal degeneration that failed medical management.
The Effects of Systematic Environmental Manipulation on Gait of Older Adults.

Quantification of gait changes in response to altered environmental stimuli may allow for improved understanding of the mechanisms that influence gait changes and fall occurrence in older adults. This study explored how systematic manipulation of a single dimension of one’s environment affects spatiotemporal gait parameters. A total of 20 older adult participants walked at a self-selected pace in a constructed research hallway featuring a mobile wall, which allowed manipulation of the hallway width between three conditions: 1.14 m, 1.31 m, and 1.48 m. Spatiotemporal data from participants’ walks were captured using an instrumented GAITRite mat. A repeated measures ANOVA revealed older adults spent significantly more time in double support in the narrowest hallway width compared to the widest, but did not significantly alter other spatiotemporal measures. Small-scale manipulations of a single dimension of the environment led to subtle, yet in some cases significant changes in gait, suggesting that small or even imperceptible environmental changes may contribute to altered gait patterns for older adults.
Glucose—Insulin—potassium (GIK) Morbidity and mortality effects in cardiac surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials

Introduction Although experimental studies strongly support the cardioprotective effects of glucose—insulin—potassium (GIK) infusion, clinical trials have yielded mixed results due to the heterogeneity of patient populations as well as varying GIK administration patterns. An updated systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to assess the impact of GIK treatment on postoperative complications in patients undergoing on- or off-pump cardiac surgery. Methods We searched MEDLINE, Embase and the Cochrane Central Register without language restrictions for studies from inception to March, 2020. We included randomized controlled trials that compared GIK infusion as cardioprotective measure to conventional treatment or placebo in adults undergoing on- or off-pump cardiac surgery. Postoperative myocardial infarct (PMI) was the main study endpoint; secondary outcomes were in-hospital mortality, postoperative complications, as well as duration of mechanical ventilation, intensive care stay and hospital stay. Postoperative glycemia and cardiac index were also examined. The study was registered with PROSPERO (N°CRD42019117728). We computed risk ratios (RR) or mean differences (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and heterogeneity was estimated using I2 statistic. Results From 47 studies, 5’872 participants were pooled for meta-analysis. The incidence of PMI was 5.9% and 8.3% in the GIK and Control groups, respectively (n = 20, RR [95% CI] = 0.83 [0.65 to 1.04] I2 = 0). Compared to control treatment, GIK infusion was associated with lower hospital mortality (n = 19, RR [95%CI] = 0.64 [0.43 to 0.97], I2 = 0), reduced acute kidney injury (n = 6, RR [95%CI] = 0.59 [0.4 to 0.87, I2 = 0), fewer atrial fibrillation (n = 23, RR [95%CI] = 0.75 [0.6 to 0.94], I2 = 0.58), as well as a shorter duration of mechanical ventilation (n = 14, MD [95%CI] = -1.77 [-3.04 to -0.49] hours, I2 = 0.96), shorter stay in intensive care (n = 20, MD [95%CI] = -5.39 [-9.34 to -1.44] hours, I2 = 0.99) and faster hospital discharge (n = 19, MD [95%CI] = -0.84 [-1.6 to -0.08] days, I2 = 0.95). Discussion A recent systematic review and meta-analysis restricted to part of the literature published on the topic since 2000 concluded to a strong effect of GIK on PMI [1]. While the analysis of our augmented corpus of literature did not find any such association in patients undergoing cardiac surgery, perioperative administration of GIK was associated with improved postoperative clinical outcomes as reflected by lower in-hospital mortality and morbidity as well as lesser utilization of hospital resources. Further clinical studies are warranted to ascertain the effectiveness of GIK in minimizing myocardial injuries and to explore the specific dosage and timing of GIK infusion.
An Intercategorical Ecology of Lead Exposure: Complex Environmental Health Vulnerabilities in the Flint Water Crisis

In 2014, city and state officials channeled toxic water into Flint, Michigan and its unevenly distributed and corroding lead service lines (LSLs). The resulting Flint water crisis is a tragic example of environmental racism against a majority Black city and enduring racial and spatial disparities in environmental lead exposures in the United States. Important questions remain about how race intersected with other established environmental health vulnerabilities of gender and single-parent family structure to create unequal toxic exposures within Flint. We address this question with (1) an “intercategorical ecology” framework that extends the “racial ecology” lens into the complex spatial and demographic dimensions of environmental health vulnerabilities and (2) a multivariate analysis using block-level data from the 2010 U.S. decennial census and a key dataset estimating the LSL connections for 56,038 land parcels in Flint. We found that blocks exposed to LSLs had, on average, higher concentrations of single-parent white, Black, and Latinx families. However, logistic regression results indicate that the likelihood of block exposure to LSLs was most consistently and positively associated with the percentage of single-father Black and single-mother Latina families, net of other racialized and gendered single-parent family structures, socioeconomic status, and the spatial concentration of LSL exposure.
Cyclooxygenase inhibition and improved oxygenation in patients with pulmonary complications of AIDS

Pulmonary involvement related to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) compromises oxygenation, by both ventilation-perfusion mismatch and increased shunt. In animal studies, meclofenamate, a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, decreases shunt and improves oxygenation. Oral meclofenamate (200 mg) was given to seven patients who had AIDS with pulmonary involvement (Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia or Kaposi’s sarcoma) and abnormal gas exchange.
“Crustacea”: Decapoda (Dendrobranchiata)

The Decapoda consists of two taxa, the Dendrobranchiata, which include the penaeoid and sergestoid shrimps, and the Pleocyemata including the caridean shrimp, lobsters, and crabs. Four characters distinguish the Dendrobranchiata: (1) “dendrobranchiate” gill structure, (2) different patterning of the first three pairs of pereopods (walking limbs), (3) lateral flaps (pleura) of the second abdominal somite nonoverlapping with the first somite, and (4) eggs freely spawned versus carried on the abdominal pleopods (Dall et al. 1990). The dendrobranchiate shrimp are of interest both for commercial importance as food and for their significance as a taxon of decapod crustaceans showing many supposedly plesiomorphic characters.
Addressing the Needs of Youth in Transition to Adulthood

The appalling young-adult outcomes of youth with serious emotional disturbance who are served in public systems demonstrate a failure of standard services to address the unique needs of these youths during their transition from adolescence to adulthood. This article discusses the needs of this population and the current ability of mental health and other relevant agencies to meet those needs. The contrast between needs and system status is presented through a framework of contrasting developmental and institutional transitions. This article reviews the barriers to effective system reform, and the recommendations for changes made by national panels focused on transition and applied research.
R. V. Pole Memorial Lecture: The renaissance in soild-state lasers

Neglected by the laser community during the past ten years, research in solid-state laser sources is now yielding significant gains more than a quarter of a century after the invention of the ruby laser.
Working Memory Ability Predicts Trajectories of Early Alcohol Use in Adolescents: The Mediational Role of Impulsivity

Aims (i) To evaluate the role of pre-existing weakness in working memory ability (WM) as a risk factor for early alcohol use as mediated by different forms of impulsivity and (ii) to assess the adverse effects of progressive alcohol use on variations in WM over time. Design, setting and participants A community sample of 358 adolescents [48% males, meanage(baseline) = 11.4 ± 0.87 years] from a longitudinal cohort design, assessed annually over 4 consecutive years with less than 6% attrition. Measurements Repeated assessments were conducted for the following key variables: WM (based on performance on four separate tasks), frequency of alcohol use (AU) and three forms of impulsivity, namely sensation seeking (SS), acting without thinking (AWT) and delay discounting (DD). Latent growth curve modeling procedures were used to identify individual trajectories of change for all key variables. Findings Weakness in WM (at baseline) predicted significantly both concurrent alcohol use and increased frequency of use over the four waves (P < 0.05). This effect was entirely mediated by two forms of impulsivity, AWT and DD, both of which were characterized by underlying weakness in WM. No individual variation was observed in the slopes of WM, which suggests that individual variations in alcohol use were not associated with changes in WM in our early adolescent sample. Conclusions Early adolescent alcohol use may be a consequence of (pre-existing) weaknesses in working memory (WM) rather than a cause of it. Efforts to reduce early alcohol use should consider the distinct roles of different impulsivity dimensions, in addition to WM, as potential targets of intervention.
Water-bridged hydrogen bond formation between 5-hydroxylmethylcytosine (5-hmC) and its 3′-neighbouring bases in A- and B-form DNA duplexes

5-Hydroxylmethylcytosine (5hmC) has been recognized as the sixth base with important biological functions in many tissues and cell types. We present here the high-resolution crystal structures and molecular simulation studies of both A-form and B-form DNA duplexes containing 5hmC. We observed that 5hmC interacts with its 3′-neighboring bases through water-bridged hydrogen bonds and these interactions may affect the further oxidation of 5hmC.