cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family member tBid localizes to mitochondrial contact sites

Following cleavage by caspase 8, the C-terminus of Bid translocates from the cytosol to the mitochondria that is dependent upon structures formed by the mitochondrial-specific lipid cardiolipin. Once associated with mitochondria, truncated Bid (tBid) causes the potent release of cytochrome c, endonuclease G, and smac. We investigated whether tBid localizes specifically to the contact sites of mitochondria purported to be rich in cardiolipin. A point mutation changing the glycine at position 94 to glutamic acid in the BH3 domain of tBid (tBidG94E) was principally used because mitochondria treated with this mutant tBid displayed better preservation of the outer membrane than those treated with wild type tBid. Additionally, tBidG94E lowers the cytochrome c releasing activity of tBid without affecting its targeting to mitochondria. Electron microscope tomography coupled with immunogold labeling was used as a new hybrid technique to investigate the three-dimensional distributions of tBid and tBidG94E around the mitochondrial periphery. The statistics of spatial point patterns was used to analyze the association of these proteins with contact sites. Immunoelectron tomography with statistical analysis confirmed the preferential association of tBid with mitochondrial contact sites. These findings link these sites with cardiolipin in tBid targeting and suggest a role for Bcl-2 family members in regulating the activity of contact sites in relation to apoptosis. We propose a mechanism whereby Bcl-2 proteins alter mitochondrial function by disrupting cardiolipin containing contact site membranes.
Genecological approaches to predicting the effects of climate change on plant populations.

ABSTRACT: Climate change threatens native plant populations and plant communities globally. It is critical that land managers have a clear understanding of climate change impacts on plant species and populations so that restoration efforts can be adjusted accordingly. This paper reviews the development and use of seed transfer guidelines for restoration in the face of global climate change, with an emphasis on the role of common garden studies in predicting climate change impacts. A method is presented for using genecological common garden data to assess population vulnerability to changing environmental conditions that includes delineation of geographical regions where habitats are likely to become marginal, assessment of shifting climatic selection pressures on plant traits, and identification of source material that is likely to be adapted to changing conditions. This method is illustrated using a genecological dataset for bluebunch wheatgrass (Pseudoroegneria spicata). The demonstration indicates that...
The Effect of Benign Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms on Subsequent Prostate Cancer Testing and Diagnosis

Background Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are common and have been associated with the subsequent diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa) in population cohorts.
Optical trapping platform based on highly confining silicon waveguiding structures with microfluidics

We demonstrate strongly enhanced optical trapping forces on sub-micron-diameter dielectric spheres within a pressure-driven microfluidic flow of several hundred mum/s using the evanescent field of the light in silicon waveguides.
GALDÓS'S USAGE WITH REGARD TO THE ENCLITIC PRONOUN

A STUDY of object pronouns in the works of Perez Galdos produces considerable evidence to the effect that the position of object pronouns enclitic to the verb occurs frequently, and leads to the assumption that it is used more freely by modern writers than is generally believed. Grammarians such as Hanssen, Bello, and Ramsey recognize this tendency, but do not emphasize it. Their customary statement is that some writers allow themselves greater freedom in using the enclitic than the conventional rules permit. They agree that with the indicative mood the enclitic use of pronouns is optional, although most frequently found in connection with the imperfect and preteiite tenses. The choice depends upon the location of the verb, the general principle requiring it to stand at the beginning of the sentence.' "But enclitics are not applicable under all circumstances even to the same verbal form. Hence
Behaviour impairment in captured and released sablefish: ecological consequences and possible substitute measures for delayed discard mortality

Sablefish Anoplopoma fimbria aged 1+ and 2+ years were towed for 4 h in a net, transferred to air for either 15 or 30 min, and then held in tanks for up to 35 days for observation of physical injury, immediate mortality, behaviour impairment, delayed mortality and total mortality. Behaviour was impaired for at least 3 h and returned to normal levels by 24 h after stress induction. Behaviour impairment was correlated with delayed mortality in 2+ year fish but not in 1+ year fish which showed greater variation in stress responses. The results of this study and a review of past discard and escapee studies showed that substitute measures for delayed mortality in the field should include physical injury and behaviour impairment. These two measures integrate the effects of capture-related stressors which can produce and magnify physical and physiological injury, resulting in changes in fish condition and delayed mortality.
Nonlinear adaptive spacecraft attitude control using solar radiation pressure

Spacecraft and interplanetary probes orbiting at high altitudes experience forces due to solar radiation pressure, which can be used for maneuvering. The question of large angle pitch attitude maneuvers of satellites using solar radiation torque is considered. For pitch axis maneuver, two highly reflective control surfaces are used to generate radiation moment. The solar radiation moment is a complex nonlinear function of the attitude and parameters of the satellite, the orbital parameters, and the deflection angles of the reflective control surfaces. It is assumed that the parameters of the satellite model are unknown. Based on a backstepping design technique, a nonlinear adaptive control law is derived for the control of the pitch angle. In the closed-loop system, the pitch angle asymptotically tracks prescribed reference trajectories. Simulation results are presented to show that the adaptive control system accomplishes attitude control of the satellite in spite of the parameter uncertainties in the system.
Design of a dual stage actuator tape head with high-bandwidth track following capability

As tape recording density increases, high-frequency track following capability of the tape head actuator becomes more important. This paper details the mechanical design and experimental analysis of a dual state actuator tape head. The dual stage actuator design combines a traditional voice coil motor for low frequency track following with a piezoelectric actuator for high-frequency track following. Non-parametric and parametric modeling techniques are used in the analysis of the dual stage actuator. The performance of the dual stage actuator head shows good correlation with the model and will enable improved track following capability for future high-performance tape drives.
Computer-Simulated Design of an Active Microwave All-Pass Network

A new microwave active all-pass network is proposed. In a computer simulation it is shown that the network, even with markedly nonideal transistors, can provide a true all-pass response over 8-12 GHz.
Internalized Heterosexism: Measurement, Psychosocial Correlates, and Research Directions

This article provides an integrated critical review of the literature on internalized heterosexism/internalized homophobia (IH), its measurement, and its psychosocial correlates. It describes the psychometric properties of six published measures used to operationalize the construct of IH. It also critically reviews empirical studies on correlates of IH in the areas of sexual identity formation and the coming-out process; mental, psychosocial, and physical health; substance use; sexual risk-taking behavior; intimate relationships; parenting and family issues; gender roles and feminism; race and ethnicity; religion; career issues; and counselor—client interactions and treatment interventions. Last, it discusses limitations of the body of research and provides suggestions for future research throughout the review.
Multivariable singularly perturbed feedback systems with time delay

Multivariable singularly perturbed systems with both small and large time delays in the feedback loop are considered. Conditions for stability of the full-order closed-loop system are given in terms of properties of the slow and fast subsystems.
Life after Death: Critical Pedagogy in an Urban Classroom.

In this article, J. Alleyne Johnson describes the evolution of her classroom into one in which the day-to-day realities of students' lives — most significantly their encounters with death — are acknowledged and formally addressed as being central to the work of the classroom. She explains how her understanding of her teaching has been informed and transformed by critical pedagogy. Johnson invites readers to follow her journey with her students as they move from viewing the teacher as "knowledge giver" to legitimating the students' knowledge and experiences as a basis for learning. In this example of a teacher's attempt to translate critical pedagogy into practice, she also brings home the impact of the violence and death in U.S. society of students' lives.
GaN Epitaxial Growth by Molecular Beam Epitaxy utilizing AlGaN Buffer Layer with Nanopipes

GaN layers were grown on AlGaN with nanopipes by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) and analyzed. AlGaN films were grown by MBE using rf-plasma nitrogen source under metal-rich condition. Within the Al composition range of 0.5-0.6, open-end nanopipes were formed at the surface of AlGaN films with a density of ∼6×109 cm-2 and a size ranging from 10 to 20 nm. These nanopipes, observed within ∼300 nm of the surface, served as a nanoporous AlGaN template for re-growth of GaN epilayers. GaN epilayers grown to different thickness by MBE were studied for their microstructural and optical properties. For an AlGaN buffer layer with dislocation density of 3×1010 cm-2 near its surface, the overlaying GaN layers with thickness ranging from 0.1 μm to ∼2μm were grown and analyzed by transmission electron microscopy for dislocation density. The GaN layer started with hexagonal islands on the nanopiped AlGaN and began to coalesce at about 0.1μm thickness. At a thickness of 2.0 μm, the dislocation density reduced to ∼1×109 cm-2. Low temperature photoluminescence data demonstrate the improved optical quality of GaN epilayer grown on the porous AlGaN buffer layer.
Catalytic Oxidation of Lignin for the Production of Low Molecular Weight Aromatics

Lignin offers a number of attractive features as a starting material for chemical production, and the only large scale source of aromatic moieties in nature. It is highly abundant, comprising 15–25 wt% of lignocellulosic feedstocks, such as agricultural materials or forest resources, making it the second most available source of renewable carbon after cellulose.
Common factors are not so common and specific factors are not so specified: toward an inclusive integration of psychotherapy research.

The dichotomy between what has been termed empirically supported treatments (EST) and common factors (CF) is false and counterproductive. Neither has a monopoly on empirical truth. The term nonspecific is unproductive and misleading. Specified versus nonspecified is more empirically correct. Assumpt
The Fukushima nuclear disaster and its effects on media framing of fission and fusion energy technologies

This paper presents results of a comparison of media coverage of fusion and fission energy technologies in three countries (Germany, Spain and Portugal) and in the English language international print media addressing transnational elite, from 2008 to 2012. The analysis showed that the accident in Fukushima in March 2010 did not have significant impact on media framing of nuclear fusion in the major part of print media under investigation. In fact, fusion is clearly dissociated from traditional nuclear (fission) energy and from nuclear accidents. It tends to be portrayed as a safe, clean and unlimited source of energy, although less credited when confronted with research costs, technological feasibility and the possibility to be achieved in a reasonable period of time. On the contrary, fission is portrayed as a hazardous source of energy, expensive when compared to research costs of renewables, hardly a long-term energy option, susceptible to contribute to the proliferation of nuclear weapons or rogue military use. Fukushima accident was consistently discussed in the context of safety problems of nuclear power plants and in many cases appeared not as an isolated event but rather as a reminder of previous nuclear disasters such as Three Miles Island and Chernobyl.
STUDIES OF CONTROLLED REPERFUSION AFTER ISCHEMIA: VI. Metabolic and histochemical benefits of regional blood cardioplegic reperfusion without cardiopulmonary bypass

This study evaluates the capacity of regional substrate-enriched blood cardioplegic reperfusion (without bypass) to salvage cardiac muscle subjected to 40 minutes of regional ischemia. Results are compared with those obtained by normal blood reperfusion at either systemic or reduced perfusion pressure (i.e., simulating acute angioplasty or streptokinase thrombolysis). All studies were carried out in beating, working hearts when the conditions of reperfusion were not controlled. The results show that regional cardioplegic reperfusion without cardiopulmonary bypass reduces the incidence of reperfusion ventricular fibrillation (15% versus 55%, p 0.05). Thus the value of controlling reperfusate composition without simultaneous control of reperfusion conditions is limited.
Notes on Sixteenth-Century Portuguese Pronunciation

(1955). Notes on Sixteenth-Century Portuguese Pronunciation. WORD: Vol. 11, No. 3, pp. 404-415.
Image data representation for efficient optimization of objective criterion

Computing architectures to process image data and optimize an objective criterion are identified. One such objective criterion is the energy in the error function. The data is partitioned and the error function is optimized in stages. Each stage consists of identifying an active partition and performing the optimization with the data in this partition. The other partitions of the data are inactive i.e. maintain their current values. The optimization progresses by switching between the currently active partition and the remaining inactive partitions. In this paper, sequential and parallel update procedures within the active partition are presented. These procedures are applied to retrieve image data from linearly degraded samples. In addition, the local gradient of the error functional is estimated from the observed image data using simple linear convolution operations. This optimization process is effective when the dimensions of the data and the number of partitions increase. The purpose of developing such data processing strategies is to emphasize the conservation of resources such as available bandwidth, computations, and storage in present day Webbased technologies and multimedia information transfer.
Quantum Chemistry Simulations of Glycopeptide Antibiotics

The recent rise of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VREs) has given new impetus to the study of the binding between glycopeptide antibiotics and bacterial cell-wall termini. Here, we summarize the results of recent quantum chemistry simulations of the binding between vancomycin and teicoplanin with Ac-D-Ala-D-Ala (characteristic of non-VREs) and Ac-D-Ala-D-Lac (characteristic of VREs). Binding of both antibiotics to Ac-D-Ala-D-Ala was found to be stronger by about 3-5 kcal/mol, and due primarily to the oxygen-oxygen lone-pair repulsion characteric of the antibiotic/D-Ala-D-Lac complex. These results are in good agreement with recent experimental findings.
Differential Impact of Weight Loss on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Resolution in a North American Cohort with Obesity

Objective Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is closely associated with obesity. In this study, a North American cohort with obesity enrolled in a lifestyle modification program was examined to determine the impact of weight loss on NAFLD resolution and sarcopenia. Methods Nondiabetic individuals with World Health Organization Class II/III obesity enrolled in a 6-month weight loss intervention were included. Steatosis was measured using computed tomography (CT)-derived liver:spleen attenuation ratio. Body composition was assessed using dual X-ray absorptiometry, air-displacement plethysmography, and CT anthropometry. Results At baseline, participants with NAFLD had greater visceral adipose tissue (VAT) but similar skeletal muscle area compared to those without NAFLD. After intervention, weight loss was similar in the two groups, but participants with NAFLD lost more VAT than those without NAFLD (−38.81 [−55.98 to −21.63] cm2 vs. −13.82 [−29.65 to −2.02] cm2; P = 0.017). In the subset with NAFLD at baseline, participants with NAFLD resolution after intervention lost more VAT than those with persistent NAFLD (−57.23 [−88.63 to −25.84) cm2 vs. −26.92 [−52.14 to −26.92] cm2, P = 0.039). Conclusions In a Western cohort with obesity, NAFLD was not associated with sarcopenia. After lifestyle modification, there was a differential impact on NAFLD resolution, with twofold greater VAT loss in participants who resolved NAFLD compared with those with persistent NAFLD despite similar weight loss
Dow, Jay K. Electing the House: The Adoption and Performance of the U.S. Single-Member District Electoral System: Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas, 2017. 332 pages. $45 (hardcover); $24.95 (softcover).

The subtitle for Jay K. Dow's new book Electing the House could easily have been The History of Single-Member Districts in America. Beginning with the debates between the Federalists and the Anti-F...
Reduced longitudinal contraction is associated with ischemic mitral regurgitation after posterior MI

In this study, using our unique swine models of different-sized myocardial infarction, we showed, for the first time, that reduced longitudinal contraction contributes to the development of ischemi...
Radical Alkyne peri-Annulation Reactions for the Synthesis of Functionalized Phenalenes, Benzanthrenes, and Olympicene

Radical cyclization reactions at a peri position were used for the synthesis of polyaromatic compounds. Depending on the choice of reaction conditions and substrate, this flexible approach led to Bu3 Sn-substituted phenalene, benzanthrene, and olympicene derivatives. Subsequent reactions with electrophiles provided synthetic access to previously inaccessible functionalized polyaromatic compounds.
Virtual Leader Based Formation Control of Multiple Unmanned Ground Vehicles (UGVs): Control Design, Simulation and Real-Time Experiment

Closed formation control for multiple unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs) is studied in this chapter. The leading-following strategy with a virtual leader is applied to coordinate the whole formation group so that only local information is sufficient for every UGV to maintain close formation. Error-shaping memory-based control is designed for formation path tracking. The salient feature of this approach lies in its simplicity in design and implementation, and no need for detailed information on external disturbances and uncertainties. The performance of the proposed method is verified via real-time experiment on various formation operations.
Nitric Oxide and Oxidative Damage in the CNS

NO is synthesized by a family of enzymes known collectively as NO synthases that catalyze the reaction of L-arginine with molecular oxygen to form NO and L-citrulline. The NO synthases can be divided into 2 main groups: a) constitutive isoforms that are continuously expressed and b) inducible isoforms, the de novo synthesis of which is stimulated by cytokines or bacterial-derived lipopolysaccharide (LPS) acting alone or in synergy (Nathan, 1992; Moncada et al., 1991). Although all NO synthases catalyze the same basic reaction, they are structurally and, to a certain extent, functionally distinct enzymes encoded by separate genes (Nathan, 1992). Several important differences exist between constitutive and inducible NO synthases in terms of requirement of Ca2+ for enzyme activation, cellular localization, and perhaps most importantly in the context of this chapter, the actual amount of NO generated. These differences, discussed below, have considerable implications for both NO-dependent toxicity and the development of NO synthase inhibitors as efficacious cytoprotective drugs.
PoLPer: Process-Aware Restriction of Over-Privileged Setuid Calls in Legacy Applications

Setuid system calls enable critical functions such as user authentications and modular privileged components. Such operations must only be executed after careful validation. However, current systems do not perform rigorous checks, allowing exploitation of privileges through memory corruption vulnerabilities in privileged programs. As a solution, understanding which setuid system calls can be invoked in what context of a process allows precise enforcement of least privileges. We propose a novel comprehensive method to systematically extract and enforce least privilege of setuid system calls to prevent misuse. Our approach learns the required process contexts of setuid system calls along multiple dimensions: process hierarchy, call stack, and parameter in a process-aware way. Every setuid system call is then restricted to the per-process context by our kernel-level context enforcer. Previous approaches without process-awareness are too coarse-grained to control setuid system calls, resulting in over-privilege. Our method reduces available privileges even for identical code depending on whether it is run by a parent or a child process. We present our prototype called PoLPer which systematically discovers only required setuid system calls and effectively prevents real-world exploits targeting vulnerabilities of the setuid family of system calls in popular desktop and server software at near zero overhead.
Darker skin color is associated with a lower likelihood of smoking cessation among males but not females.

Abstract Darker skin color is associated with discrimination and unfair treatment and may contribute to persisting health disparities. This study examined whether darker skin color was associated with smoking cessation and whether this association was moderated by sex and race. This study also explored whether biological and psychosocial factors, including nicotine and cotinine concentrations, discrimination, distrust, and neuroticism, mediated this association. The data for this study came from a prospective smoking cessation intervention that included 224 Black and 225 White adults from Kansas City, Missouri. Skin color was assessed using a DermaSpectrometer to measure melanin contained within the skin. Point prevalence smoking abstinence was biochemically-verified and assessed at weeks 4 and 26. Hierarchical logistic regression analyses were conducted to evaluate hypothesized relations between skin color and smoking cessation. Interactions between race and sex with skin color were also evaluated. While skin color was not associated with smoking cessation in the overall sample or among Blacks only, results indicated that sex moderated the effect of skin color on smoking cessation after adjusting for race and other covariates. Among males, darker skin color was associated with lower odds of achieving smoking abstinence at weeks 4 (OR = 0.60 [95% CI = 0.36, 0.99]) and 26 (OR = 0.52 [95% CI = 0.29, 0.91]). Skin color did not predict smoking cessation among females. Skin color was positively correlated with discrimination (r = 0.15, p = 0.02), cynicism/distrust (r = 0.14, p = 0.03) and neuroticism (r = 0.24, p
MODERATE OR WORSE VALVE DISEASE AND ADVERSE OUTCOMES AFTER ALLOGENEIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION

Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HCT) results in high physiologic stress to the body, however the effect of valvular heart disease (VHD) on non-relapse outcomes is not well-established. We matched 21 patients with moderate or greater VHD at any location who underwent allogeneic
Intravenous and Intraperitoneal Pharmacokinetics of Dalbavancin in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients.

Dalbavancin offers a possible treatment option for infectious peritonitis associated with peritoneal dialysis (PD) due to its coverage of Gram-positive bacteria and pharmacokinetic properties. We aimed to evaluate the clinical pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics of dalbavancin in a prospective, randomized, open-label, crossover PK study of adult patients with end-stage renal disease ESRD who were receiving PD. Sampling occurred prior to a single 30-min infusion of dalbavancin at 1,500 mg and at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 h and 7 and 14 days postadministration. Concentration-time data were analyzed via noncompartmental analysis. Pharmacodynamic parameters against common infectious peritonitis-causing pathogens were evaluated. Ten patients were enrolled. Patients were a median of 55 years old and had a median weight of 78.2 kg, 50% were female, and 70% were Caucasian. The terminal plasma half-life of dalbavancin was 181.4 ± 35.5 h. The day 0 to day 14 dalbavancin mean area under the curve (AUC) was 40,573.2 ± 9,800.3 mg·h/liter. The terminal-phase half-life of dalbavancin within the peritoneal fluid was 4.309 × 108 ± 1.140 × 109 h. The day 0 to day 14 dalbavancin mean peritoneal fluid AUC was 2,125.0 ± 1,794.3 mg·h/liter. The target plasma AUC/MIC was attained with the intravenous dose in all 10 patients for all Staphylococcus and Streptococcus species at the recommended MIC breakpoints. The intraperitoneal arm of the study was stopped early, because the first 3 patients experienced moderate to severe pain and bloating within 1 h following the administration of dalbavancin. Dalbavancin at 1,500 mg administered intravenously can be utilized without dose adjustment in peritoneal dialysis patients and will likely achieve the necessary peritoneal fluid concentrations to treat peritonitis caused by typical Gram-positive pathogens.
Esophageal Pathophysiologic Changes and Adenocarcinoma After Bariatric Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Introduction To assess the effects of sleeve gastrectomy (SG) and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) on acid reflux and esophageal motor function and to evaluate the observation of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) after bariatric surgery. Methods We searched 5 databases for adults who underwent SG or RYGB and had esophageal pH test and/or esophageal manometry before and after surgery. A separate systemic search of observational studies and a retrospective review at 3 institutions of adults who developed EAC after these surgeries were conducted. Outcomes were changes in manometric and pH parameters and EAC cases after SG and RYGB. Results A total of 27 nonrandomized studies (SG: 612 patients; RYGB: 470 patients) were included. After SG, lower esophageal sphincter pressure and esophageal body amplitude were decreased and the risk of ineffective esophageal motility was increased. Total and recumbent acid exposure times were increased. After RYGB, an increased risk of ineffective esophageal motility was observed. Total, upright, and recumbent acid exposure times were decreased. The total reflux episodes remained unchanged but with increased nonacid reflux and decreased acid reflux events. Including our largest series, 31 EAC cases have been reported to date after SG and RYGB. Discussion This systematic review demonstrates increased acid reflux after SG and decreased acid reflux after RYGB. An observed increased nonacid reflux after RYGB might contribute to failure of gastroesophageal reflux disease improvement. This refluxate might be noxious to the esophagus, warranting further studies. RYGB might not entirely preserve esophageal function as previously believed.
A Crime Script Analysis of Counterfeit Identity Document Procurement Online

Over the last two decades, researchers explored various aspects of the operational practices of online illicit market operations through the Open and Dark Web for various physical and digital goods...
Development and preliminary testing of the collaboration for leadership and innovation in mentoring survey: An instrument of nursing PhD mentorship quality.

Abstract Background High-quality PhD nursing student mentorship facilitates student and program success. Extant literature recommends evaluating and improving mentorship to foster optimal PhD student development. However, a comprehensive measure capturing all aspects of mentorship salient to PhD nursing student wellbeing and success is not available. Objectives The purpose of this pilot study was to develop a new instrument - the Collaboration for Leadership and Innovation in Mentoring (CLIM) - for quantifying important components of PhD student mentorship in nursing, and to preliminarily test its psychometric properties (content validity, sensitivity, test-retest reliability). Design The study employed a cross-sectional design. Setting The CLIM instrument was administered to nursing PhD students at a public state university in the United States. Participants Sixteen nursing PhD students at various stages in their degree progression completed the instrument. Methods PhD nursing students developed unique items based on qualitative data collected by the University using an Appreciative Inquiry framework. Seven nursing and non-nursing experts with experience in PhD mentorship evaluated content validity. After revisions, the final 44-item instrument was administered at two time points (one month apart) to allow assessment of test-retest reliability. Test-retest reliability was evaluated using Spearman-rank correlations and data from students with ≥1 year of experience with their mentor. Results Response rates were 94% for both administrations (n = 16). The instrument's overall Content Validity Index (CVI) was 0.91 (p = 0.05). Test-retest analyses resulted in high correlations (r = 0.91, p Conclusions Preliminary evidence suggests that the CLIM instrument is a reliable instrument of PhD mentorship in nursing. However, additional testing in larger and more diverse graduate student populations is needed to evaluate internal consistency reliability, among other psychometric properties.
Hysteresis Compensation and Nonlinear Observer Design for State-of-Charge Estimation Using a Nonlinear Double-Capacitor Li-Ion Battery Model

This paper focuses on state-of-charge (SoC) estimation for a lithium-ion battery modeled using a recently developed nonlinear double-capacitor representation that has been shown to be highly accurate. The measurement equation of the model has two nonlinear functions, one of them being significant hysteresis in voltage as a function of the SoC. The hysteresis term is modeled using a physically intuitive modified Preisach representation consisting of a series of hysterons which get switched on or off to produce the hysteresis phenomenon. The proposed model for the hysteresis term is not differentiable but is Lipschitz bounded. A custom nonlinear observer is designed for this class of nonlinear systems using Lyapunov analysis to guarantee asymptotic stability. The observer design procedure consists of satisfying a linear matrix inequality (LMI) on a set of vertices of a convex function. The developed observer is evaluated using experimental battery data. Experimental data is also used to determine the weights of the hysterons in the data-based modified Preisach model. The nonlinear observer performs well, yielding accurate SoC estimates in the presence of hysteresis. The nonlinear observer is also compared with the extended Kalman filter and the unscented Kalman filter, and is seen to provide superior performance for the same application due to its guaranteed global convergence properties. A broad technical contribution of this paper is the development of an observer design method to handle the presence of hysteresis in nonlinear systems.
Identifying Panic Triggers from Disaster-Related Tweets

Using social media platforms such as Twitter has drastically increased over the past decade. It has enhanced the traditional means of communication in many aspects of life. Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning algorithms have become popular in assessing natural disasters. During natural catastrophic events and emergencies, people progressively use microblogging platforms such as Twitter, creating a high volume of posts spread across these platforms. The information disseminated on Twitter contains critical indicators about evacuations or emergency actions that could incite panic, affecting the response and evacuation behavior of the general population. In order to avoid panic, these indicators need to be detected, the credibility of their source needs to be validated, and the emergency agencies need to mitigate the risk of panic by quickly taking the right actions for these panic triggering situations. This paper presents a Panic Trigger Identification Method (PTIM) which applies machine learning techniques on disaster-related tweets to detect panic triggers, and classifies the tweets based on the triggers identified and the corresponding credibility level of the tweets to improve the emergency response, and to suggest mitigation actions for emergency management. Two types of text vectorizers, CountVectorizer and TfidfVectorizer, are used as features for the supervised machine learning classification models. A performance comparison is conducted among the classifiers. Results show that for the classification of the tweets with panic triggers, Random Forest and Decision Tree give the best predictions with high accuracy (95% on average) when using CountVectorizer features.
Identification of a Novel cGas/STING/Type I Interferon Specific Murine Cardiac Immune Landscape Following Radiation Therapy.

Purpose/objective(s) Cardiotoxicity from radiation treatment to the chest is a late toxicity that has been shown to increase with radiation dose. While clinical parameters and advances in radiation techniques have resulted in lower doses to the heart, the pathophysiologic mechanisms of radiation cardiotoxicity remains a debated topic. We have previously demonstrated that, in murine models, radiation activates a delayed, fibroblast-specific type I interferon response that is dependent on the cytosolic nucleic acid sensor, cGas and its downstream signaling protein STING. Indeed, STING knockout mice exhibit a survival advantage in comparison to wild type mice following a radiation challenge to the heart (20Gy x 1). In this study, we sought to evaluate the consequences of the type I interferon activation on cardiac tissue-specific white blood cell population and identify novel radiation-dependent changes of cardiac immune infiltrates. Materials/methods All animal experiments were performed in accordance with IACUC guidelines. C57BL/6 wild type mice and C57BL/6 Tmem173gt (catalytically inactive STING) were treated with either sham or 12 Gy single dose to the heart using opposing tangents. At 1 month, hearts were harvested and CD45+ positive cells were immunoprecipitated and sent for 3' single cell RNA (scRNA) sequencing using 10X genomics. ScRNA data was analyzed using Seurat 3.0 RESULTS: Our results show that radiation induces the upregulation of a subset of cardiac macrophages, interferon inducible cardiac (IFNIC) macrophages. This effect is that is abrogated in mice lacking a functional STING. Furthermore, we observed a general activation of innate immunity as evidenced by increases in the dendritic cell population as well as upregulation of non-classical class I MHC molecules in non-IFNIC macrophages. More surprisingly, we find that there is a marked increase in tissue specific B cell population following radiation, an effect that is completely abolished in mice lacking a functional STING. Conclusion We describe for the first time the immune landscape of heart tissue following radiation. We find a previously undescribed infiltration of IFNIC macrophages and a robust activation of an innate immunity. Furthermore, we find a strong effector humoral adaptive response, likely downstream. These findings open the possibility to further understand the role of immune infiltrates in mediation of normal tissue toxicity following radiation.
Cellular Models of Epithelial Ion Transport

The first cellular model of epithelial ion transport was proposed in 1958 by Koefoed-Johnsen and Ussing(1) (KJU) to account for the relation between active Na+ transport and the electrical potential difference across isolated frog skin. The essential feature of this now-classic model (Fig. 1) was that the epithelial cell could be viewed as two membranes arranged in series separated by a homogeneous cytoplasmic compartment with net transcellular or vectorial transport resulting from the asymmetric properties of the two limiting barriers. In the case of frog skin, the outer or apical membrane was presumed to be permselective to Na + and scarcely if at all permeable to K +. The inner or basolateral membrane, on the other hand, was presumed to be permselective to K +, scarcely if at all permeable to Na +, and to possess an active pump mechanism that extrudes Na + from the cell in exchange for K+. This asymmetric arrangement of pump and leaks could simultaneously account for active transcellular Na + transport as well as the maintenance of the low intracellular Na + concentration and the high intracellular K + concentration characteristic of virtually all cells of higher animals.
Expeditiousnesses and Delay in State Courts: An Exploration of Case Processing Time in Civil Trials

The issue of how long it takes for America’s courts to process civil cases dates back to colonial times. Although civil case delay has garnered a great deal of attention, most empirical efforts to analyze this topic occurred over twenty years ago and were limited in geographic scope. This paper attempts to update and enhance our understanding of civil case processing time by exploring factors related to disposition time in civil cases concluded by trial in a national sample of courts located in 156 urban, suburban and rural jurisdictions. The article applies multilevel models to examine both the effects of case and litigant characteristics as well as the influence of locale on case processing time. Results show that the legal issues adjudicated at trial, the type of trial (bench/jury), litigant characteristics, post-trial activity, and alternative dispute resolution referrals are related to longer case processing times. The models also show locale exerting a significant influence on case processing time. This effort to empirically explore disposition time provides scholars, policymakers, and court personnel with information that could be used to assess what types of reform efforts might result in more expeditious case resolution and hence, speedier justice.
Estimating modern carbon burial rates in lakes using a single sediment sample

The rate of organic carbon (OC) burial in inland waters is an important flux in the global C-cycle. Here we provide methodological improvements that offer a rapid and accurate assessment of modern OC burial rates in lakes from a single surface-sediment sample. Using a 93 lake dataset of reliably dated sediment cores (OC burial of 9 to 318 g m−2 y−1), we demonstrate the applicability of this approach in a variety of lake types. We validate our estimated rates of OC burial against (1) measured whole-lake accumulation from the sum of multiple area-weighted sediment cores, (2) single central-basin cores adjusted for sediment focusing, and (3) duplicate sediment cores taken in multiple locations and at different times (4-10 years apart) in 9 lakes. Our single-sample estimates, which were in good agreement with measured values, suggest a within-lake variability of 4 g m−2 y−1 and have a small inter-lake error of only 6.5%. The applicability of this approach to other lakes and regions requires knowledge of (1) atmospheric 210Pb flux, (2) an estimate of supported 210Pb activity, and (3) some understanding of typical sedimentation rates in the study lakes. This approach provides an accurate assessment of OC burial, with increased potential for greater spatial coverage in inland waters and improved ability to address questions focused on terrestrial—aquatic exchanges of organic carbon.
Templating the Nucleation of Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate via Micropatterned Self-Assembled Monolayers on Gold

Controlling both the nucleation and the growth of crystalline materials requires the confinement of a space wherein nucleation is induced and necessitates transport of ions to the newly formed nucleus. Micropatterned self-assembled monolayers (µP SAMs) of alkanethiolates on gold have been used at length to mimic natural organic templates as they are a facile way to create spatially constrained microenvironments for nucleation and consequently control ion flow to active nucleation sites. Here, we present µP SAMs of ω-functionalized alkanethiolates on gold as effective templating agents for the nucleation of calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM). COM crystals nucleate on carboxyl- and hydroxyl-terminated µP SAMs at a critical ion concentration regardless of growth solution pH. Mixed µP SAMs of mercaptohexadecane (MHD) and mercaptohexadecanoic acid (MHA) nucleated lower densities of COM while decreasing average crystal size. Shortening SAM chain length from MHA to mercaptoundecanoic acid (MUA) nucleated fewer COM crystals with poorly defined faces, while µP hydroxyl-terminated SAMs both lowered the nucleation density and increased the size of the COM crystals.
Immunotherapy at Large: The road to personalized cancer vaccines

The field of tumor immunology has been flooded with exciting therapeutic advances on many fronts. Immunotherapies targeting T cell inhibitory molecules have proven highly effective in some cancers, but additional strategies to induce tumor immunity, such as cancer vaccination, could further increase tumor killing. The combination of both will probably be the way forward in future immunotherapy. In 'Bedside to Bench', Robert Vonderheide and Katherine Nathanson discuss the potential of cancer genomics to identify specific tumor mutations in patients that may be used as targets in cancer vaccines to overcome problems linked to self-antigen epitopes used nowadays. Despite the existing biological and technical hurdles, a framework to implement personalized cancer vaccines in the clinic may be worth considering. In 'Bench to Bedside', Glenn Dranoff peruses the clinical efficacy and detrimental effects of two T cell immune-checkpoint inhibitors, alone and in combination, in patients with melanoma. The studies underscore the need to continue investigating specific tumor events directly involving tumor evasion to develop combinatorial strategies that will reduce drug-related pathology while achieving anti-tumor efficacy.
RELATION OF GUILT, SHAME, BEHAVIORAL AND CHARACTEROLOGICAL SELF-BLAME TO DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS IN ADOLESCENTS OVER TIME

In a two-wave, longitudinal study, 221 nonreferred adolescents completed measures of guilt, shame, Behavioral self-blame (BSB), Characterological self-blame (CSB), depressive symptoms measures, and attributional style. Goals were to examine similarities between Tangney's (1996) conceptualization of guilt and shame and Janoff-Bulman's (1979) conceptualization of BSB and CSB in adolescents. Specific aims were (1) to examine the relation of depressive symptoms and depressive cognitions to shame, guilt, CSB, and BSB, (2) to estimate the longitudinal relations between depressive symptoms and measures of guilt, shame, BSB, and CSB, and (3) to assess the convergent and discriminant validity of shame/CSB measures and guilt/BSB measures. Results suggest that shame and CSB converge into a common construct, significantly related to depressive symptoms and cognitions. Convergence of guilt and BSB, however, was limited to particular pairs of measures.
EVALUATION OF SWALLOWING DISORDERS IN CHILDREN

Disorders of feeding and swallowing in children are serious and potentially fatal problems. Among infants, particularly those born prematurely, aspiration due to dysphagia may lead to severe pulmonary compromise, and impaired oral and pharyngeal function may rapidly result in failure to thrive. In other children, avoidance behaviors and inadequate intake may lead to chronic malnutrition. Prompt and thorough evaluation of swallowing disorders is therefore critical if complications are to be avoided.
How Institutions Create Historically Rooted Trajectories of Growth

This paper is concerned with approaches to growth theory that argue for historically created, institutionally rooted national development trajectories. There are varied ways of organizing market economies, and there is more than just one kind of capitalism. The institutional approach begins with the observation that markets, embedded in political and social institutions, are the creation of government and politics. Indeed all economic interchange takes place within institutions and groups. Markets do not exist or operate apart from the rules and institutions that establish them and that structure how buying, selling and the very organization of production takes place. Consequently there are multiple market capitalisms, and in a global economy international competition among members must be understood as an interplay of these various national market systems. Focus is on the historically rooted national institutions which frame the choices of individuals and structure the terms on which issues such as agency problems and contract problems are confronted. The approach proposed in this paper is a necessary complement to an institutionalism more familiar in economics. This historical institutionalism frames problems and provides answers to puzzles that concern _ microeconomic-based institutionalism. The particular historical course of each nation's - development creates a political economy with a distinctive institutional structure for ~ governing the markets of labor, land, capital and goods. The institutional structure | induces particular kinds of corporate and government behavior by constraining and by z laying out a logic to the market and policy-making process that is particular to that s political economy. These typical strategies, routine approaches to problems and shared~o decision rules create predictable patterns in the way governments and companies go v about their business in a particular national political economy. The paper then applies 1 these notions to the debate about national systems of innovation. Empirically there is | evidence of distinct national technological trajectories. The questions are why the j trajectories exist and why they have particular form. National systems arguments need \ an institutional theory that would permit us to apply both evolutionary and new | growth arguments about economic development to particular national cases.
An FT-IR Study of the Effect of Simulated Solar Radiation and Various Particulates on the Oxidation of SO2

Short- and long-term studies of the effect of black carbon and other particulates on the oxidation of SO2, with and without the presence of oxygen, water vapor, and simulated solar radiation, have been carried out. FT-IR studies involving isotopic oxygen-18, sulfur dioxide-18, and D2O in these reactions confirm the requirement of water vapor and oxygen for this oxidation. Such experiments conducted at 298 K demonstrate only the formation of ionic sulfates, while the reactions conducted under simulated solar radiation show the formation of both covalent and ionic sulfate species. These observations have implications for the retention or diminution of catalytic activity by the soot. The reaction vessel walls, SiO2, and particulate black carbon, all act as catalysts for the conversion of S(IV) to S(VI), the amounts depending primarily on the surface area of the solid.