cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The malevolent personality disorder

Summary.-The identification of any new psychopathology or syndrome has been based on numemus clinical enquiries and theoretical discussions and has assumed an important place in the literature of psychology and psychiatry. Using two case descriptions and the subject described in a recent book, this report presents a theoretical discussion of an unusual personality organization, referred to as the malevolent personality disorder. Differential diagnosis, theorizing about pathogenesis, clarification of salient psychodynamics, and treatment considerations are explored. The United States is a large, technologically advanced society. Complex organizations such as bureaucracies have taken over many of the functions formerly entrusted to the family, such as work, religion, and health care, among others, and the family itself has undergone many role changes and role shifts within the past several generations. As society has experienced so many changes within the last hundred or so years, many of the traditional norms that served as unmistakable indicators of right and wrong have been replaced by norms that are often confusing or conflicting (Bassis, Gelles, & Levine, 1991). Durkheim (1912) was concerned that modern society contained so many inconsistencies and ambiguities that individuals often had to resort to deviant means to achieve their goals. Hirschi (1969) believed that the weakening of the bonds between the individual and society made deviance a very real possibility. According to MasIow (1970) the highest human need is for self-actualization. Although some psychologists have criticized his work for its failure to clearly define "self-actualization," researchers interested in examining the various facets of human motivation have often found his hierarchy of human needs to be germane (Vander Zanden, 1987). If one accepts Maslow's thesis that individuals strive for self-actualization, and its concomitant values of over-atl life satisfaction and fulfillment, then one must look at what avenues society provides its members to realize those psychological goals. In addition, Schlenker (1980) believes that people gravitate toward those situations and individuals who will enhance their self-esteem and will gain them social approval. One of the most common settings in which individuals attempt to realize their potential and to glean a sense of identity is the workplace. The feeling that one's work is meaningful is shared by many individuals in a vari
Vibration of doubly curved shallow shells with arbitrary boundaries

Abstract The first comprehensive study of shallow shell vibrations subjected to as many as 21 possible boundary conditions is presented. Thin shallow shell theory is used. Relatively accurate results for natural frequencies of doubly-curved shallow shells have been obtained. These can be used for benchmarking by researchers as well as reference data for practicing engineers. The Ritz method is used to solve for natural vibrations of these shells with arbitrary boundary conditions. Natural frequencies are presented for various shell curvatures including spherical, cylindrical and hyperbolic paraboloidal shells.
Decreased lymphocyte responses in free-ranging bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) are associated with increased concentrations of PCBs and DDT in peripheral blood

Since 1987, large-scale mortalities of dolphins have been reported along the Atlantic coast of North America, in the Gulf of Mexico, and in the Mediterranean Sea. Autopsied bottlenose dolphins, Tur...
Business cycles and research investment

This paper examines the impact of uncertainty and the business cycle on US high-tech manufacturing firms’ research investment. Although the reliance on internal financing suggests firms will consider uncertainty and the business cycle when determining their research budget, little is known about how the business cycle and uncertainty influence research investment. Using firm-level data on sales, cash flow, and industry-level indicators of the business cycle, this paper finds that the firm's response to the business depends on the firm's industry and the industry's current location in the business cycle. The data also shows that the business cycle also depresses the firm's reaction to changes in sales and cash flow. Uncertainty clearly reduces research efforts, although non-linearly.
Granular Segregation Studies for Retroreflector Sensor Development

We are developing a three-dimensional sensing system that enables the tracking of localized material movement by recording displacement and rotation of passive radar targets within materials of interest. Ultimately, the development of this system will provide a highly reliable, cost-efficient set of tools for basic and applied granular materials research. However, the size and material density of the passive radar targets will be inevitably different than the material in which they are embedded, and particles of different sizes and densities tend to segregate when jostled, sheared, or otherwise disturbed. In other words, neighboring particles of different sizes and/or densities will likely not have identical movements. Therefore, effective use of the passive radar targets to predict movement of the bulk material will require a systematic understanding of how segregation depends on relative size and density of the tracer particles. We study segregation in two different systems to isolate different segregation driving mechanisms in densely sheared granular mixtures. In this paper, we discuss the results from these experiments and demonstrate how this can be used to relate sensor particle movement with bulk granular materials movement.
Theory of initial current density in membrane voltage-clamp experiments

Herein we show that the voltage-clamp current density at zero time calculated from electrodiffusion equations is linear in the clamping voltage for a simple membrane (no charge structure) and for a membrae with fixed charges. Such membranes are nonexcitable. Excitable membranes can be represented by a homogeneous membrane with dipole layers at the surface. In this case the initial current density will be linear in the clamping voltage if a critical field for a dipole layer reorientation is not passed through in changing from holding to clamping potential. Otherwise, deviation from nonlinearity may occur. This is in agreement with experimental data for the squid giant axon.
Radiation field design and regional control in sentinel lymph node-positive breast cancer patients with omission of axillary dissection

BACKGROUND: Randomized data suggest that axillary clearance is not necessary in select, clinically lymph node-negative women with positive sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsies (SLNBs) who undergo breast-conserving surgery or receive whole-breast radiotherapy and systemic therapy. The additional value of axillary radiotherapy in these patients is unknown. METHODS: The authors identified 326 patients with positive SLNBs who underwent breast-conserving surgery without axillary lymph node dissection from 1997 to 2009. SLN tumor deposits measured ≤0.2 mm in 58% of patients, 0.3 to 2.0 mm in 35% of patients, and >2 mm in 7% Patients. Ninety-three percent of patients received adjuvant radiotherapy. Radiation fields were categorized as standard tangents, high tangents, comprehensive (tangents plus supraclavicular), or partial breast to reflect coverage of the axilla. Standard tangents included both prone and supine positions. Regional failure was defined as recurrence in the ipsilateral supraclavicular, axillary, or internal mammary lymph nodes. RESULTS: The median follow-up was 55 months (range, 1-158 months). The 4-year rates of regional control, local control, disease-free survival, and overall survival were 99%, 98%, 95%, and 91%, respectively. Three patients had regional recurrences. Two of those patients received adjuvant radiotherapy with standard supine tangents, and 1 patient did not receive radiotherapy. No regional recurrences occurred among 66 patients who received radiotherapy in the prone position. CONCLUSIONS: Regional control was high (99% at 4 years) in patients who had low-volume SLN disease who did not undergo axillary dissection, regardless of whether the axilla was irradiated. Whole-breast radiation alone, including in the prone position, is sufficient treatment after breast-conserving surgery for select patients with tumor-containing SLNs who omit axillary dissection. Cancer 2012;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Insulin‐like growth factor‐I‐mediated survival from Anoikis: Role of cell aggregation and focal adhesion kinase

Anoikis is a form of cell death that occurs when cells are denied attachment to the extra-cellular matrix. Using p6 cells, that are 3T3 cells overexpressing the type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-IR), we show that these cells undergo apoptosis when seeded on polyHEMA plates in serum-free medium (SFM). IGF-I protects p6 cells from anoikis, without inducing mitogenesis or DNA synthesis. In the surviving p6 cells in suspension cultures, the focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is tyrosyl phosphorylated by IGF-I, although this phosphorylation occurs only after several hours. The importance of FAK in protection from anoikis is confirmed by v-src-transformed R-cells, in which FAK is constitutively phosphorylated, that survive even in SFM. Surviving cells, whether p6 or v-src transformed, tend to form large cell aggregates, whose appearance precedes the phosphorylation of FAK. These and other findings suggest that FAK phosphorylation in the case of IGF-I is a mediated effect rather than a direct one. When p6 cells are plated on polyHEMA dishes, IGF-I induces cell aggregation and this aggregation correlates with survival and the eventual phosphorylation of FAK.
Effects of receptor concentration, media pH and storage on nicotinic receptor-transmitted signal in a fiber-optic biosensor.

Abstract The optical signal generated by a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR)-based optical biosensor was dependent on the density of toxin binding sites (i.e. receptors) immobilized on the surface of the fiber. The maximum density of nAChR receptors adsorbed on the optic fibers, measured using ( 125 I)-α-bungarotoxin (the α-neurotoxin of the Bungarus snake venom) binding, was 6·2 pmol of receptor sites per fiber. Incubation time, that was required for maximal noncovalent immobilization of the receptor protein on the fiber, was
Collected papers on Greek tragedy

List of tables Review of G. Meautis, L'Authenticite et la Date du Promethee Enchaine d'Eschyle Communications: The First Sicilian War (with W. G. G. Forrest) Two rare verse forms Euripides and the Judgment of Paris Review of R. D. Dawe, The Collation and Investigation of Manuscripts of Aeschylus Mr Dawe on Aeschylus: some notes Review of C. J. Herington, The author of the Prometheus Bound Agamemnon 1127 and the Limits of Hyperbaton More rare verse forms Hamartia in Aristotle and Greek tragedy Iphigenia and the Bears of Brauron Note: Solon, Fragment 25 Notes on Greek tragedy, I 'Si Credere Dignum Est': Some expressions of disbelief in Euripides and others The riddle at Colonus Notes on Greek tragedy II Pause and period in the lyrics of Greek tragedy Interlinear Hiatus in Trimeter Horatian Echoes The first stasimon of Aeschylus' Choephori Phaedrus and folklore: An old problem restated Heracles' homecoming and related topics: The second stasimon of Sophocles' Trachiniae: Greek tragic texts and the limits of conservatism Sophocles, Trachiniae 94-102 The scope and limits of allusion in Greek tragedy The apotheosis of Heracles from the pyre Index
Global Positioning System Measurements for Crustal Deformation: Precision and Accuracy

Analysis of 27 repeated observations of Global Positioning System (GPS) position-difference vectors, up to 11 kilometers in length, indicates that the standard deviation of the measurements is 4 millimeters for the north component, 6 millimeters for the east component, and 10 to 20 millimeters for the vertical component. The uncertainty grows slowly with increasing vector length. At 225 kilometers, the standard deviation of the measurement is 6, 11, and 40 millimeters for the north, east, and up components, respectively. Measurements with GPS and Geodolite, an electromagnetic distance-measuring system, over distances of 10 to 40 kilometers agree within 0.2 part per million. Measurements with GPS and very long baseline interferometry of the 225-kilometer vector agree within 0.05 part per million.
PHM and Reflective Maintenance for the Creative Customer

If we could change our maintenance to be more creative so as to satisfy our customers’ expectations, our hardware products would adapt better and work better or would be “customized better” to their own needs and to their own tastes in their present environments and situations. Then, we could create life time value for our hardware systems and could bring more profit in the long run than by trying to sell more by adding a wider variety of and higher functions to our systems in order to increasing one time value.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Disparities in efficacies of anti-LPS agents in burned mouse models of LPS intoxication versus Gram-negative sepsis

Results of anti-LPS treatments in LPS-intoxicated animals have been promising, but use of anti-LPS agents in clinical trials of sepsis have been disappointing. The purpose of this study was to determine if treatment results in intoxicated animals would hold in animal models of sepsis. Burned (15% body surface) mice were injected immediately postburn with either LPS (= intoxication) or with bacteria, which lead to sepsis. When possible, bacteria used were of the same genus and species as bacteria from which LPS was extracted for intoxication studies. Polymyxin, monophosphoryl lipid A or monoclonal antibody E5 given 1 h postburn, each protected long term against death from endotoxin intoxication. However, in septic mice, monophosphoryl lipid A and monoclonal antibody E5 did not improve survival, and polymyxin showed only transient improvement. Hence, animal models of LPS intoxication may not be optimal for testing anti-sepsis agents; use of such models, rather than of models of sepsis, may account partly fo...
Characterization of hydrogen species on metal-oxide surfaces by electron-stimulated desorption: TiO2 and SrTiO3

The hydrogen species on TiO/sub 2/ and SrTiO/sub 3/ have been characterized using the site specificity of electron-excited Auger Stimulated Desorption (ASD). Hydrogen is found to be bonded to surface Ti's in hydride-type bonds, to subsurface or bridgebonded O's in a hydroxyl-like bond, or be part of a surface hydroxyl. On SrTiO/sub 3/ the Ti-H and surface OH species are also found plus a high density of Sr-H and very little Sr-OH bonding. The general features of ASD, both electron- and photon-excited, are discussed.
Health-Related Quality of Life and Symptom Management Research Sponsored by the National Cancer Institute

For almost 30 years, the National Cancer Institute (NCI) has sponsored health-related quality-of-life (HRQOL) measures in cancer research as a means of including the patient's experience. The scope of NCI's research in symptom management and HRQOL is described with attention to its evolution over time and the next steps, through the Clinical Trials Working Group Recommendations.
Core−Shell Polymer Nanoparticles for Baroplastic Processing

Core−shell polymer nanoparticles consisting of a low glass transition temperature (Tg) core of poly(n-butyl acrylate) or poly(2-ethylhexyl acrylate) and a glassy polystyrene shell were synthesized by two-stage emulsion polymerization. The obtained materials exhibit pressure-induced mixing of their components and could be processed at low temperatures (25−50 °C) by compression molding or extrusion. Nanoparticles of varying PS content and particle size were investigated to determine parametric effects on processing and mechanical properties. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) measurements performed before and after processing indicate the partial release of the soft component from the nanoparticle cores and subsequent intermixing with shells of adjacent particles under the application of pressure. The processed materials range from rigid plastics to elastomers with mechanical properties comparable to conventional styreni...
Inhibition of a fuel lean ethylene/air flame in a jet stirred combustor by methyl chloride : experimental and mechanistic analyses

Abstract Probability density functions (PDFs) of instantaneous temperature have been obtained for fuel lean C2 H4 /air burning in a toroidal jet stirred combustor (TJSC) using pulsed laser Rayleigh scattering. The PDFs provide a very sensitive measure of departures from perfectly stirred reactor (PSR) behavior, Narrow PDFs were obtained under stable operating conditions. As the mean combustion temperature was reduced or the reaction kinetics decelerated by the addition of CH3,C1, the PDFs exhibited a bimodal distribution indicative of localized blowout. Modeling of the reactions indicates that chlorine primarily destabilizes this hydrocarbon oxidation system by inhibiting the burnout of CO. This inhibition is affected through significant depletion of OH in the presence of relatively high levels of HC1 by the reaction OH + HC1 = H2O + CI. Inhibition is further affected by the termination reaction CI + HO2 + HCI + O2 because HO2 is a source of OH.
Medicolegal Issues with Regard to Melanoma and Pigmented Lesions in Dermatopathology

Understanding malpractice risk and practicing risk management strategies results in better care and a less stressful environment of practice. Errors in diagnosis are most commonly related to melanoma and neoplasms of the skin. To offset the threat of malpractice litigation, malpractice data can be used to focus safety efforts on common diagnostic errors. Recognition of sources of error in the analysis of pigmented lesions by dermatopathologists, and the development of new immunohistochemical or genotypic techniques for the recognition and distinction of malignant disease from benign pigmented lesions, will also provide important improvements in care and diagnosis in the future.
Mutagenicity of methylhydroxylamines in Neurospora crassa.

Abstract The mutagenicity of hydroxylamine (HA) and 2 hydroxylamine derivatives, methoxylamine (OMHA) and N -methylhydroxylamine (NMHA), have been tested in 22 purple adenine-requiring mutants ( ad-3B ) of Neurospara crassa . Fourteen of the mutants were previously classified as reverting by base-pair substitution and 8 as reverting by base-pair insertion or deletion. HA or the HA derivatives induced no reversions in the mutants that revert by a base-pair insertion or deletion. It was therefore concluded that these compounds only induce base-pair substitutions. The correlation between reversion frequencies obtained with HA and OMHA on the 14 mutants which revert by a base-pair substitution indicates that OMHA reacts like HA and induces base-pair transitions predominantly of the type guanine-cytosine to adenine-thymine. The correlation between reversion frequencies obtained with HA and NMHA on these same 14 mutants suggests that NMHA is less specific and induces both types of base-pair transitions. The use of OMHA instead of HA for characterization of the mutation direction in base-pair transitions is discussed.
Poverty and Social Impact in the Agricultural Sector: Lessons from Experience

This article draws on the donor experience in agriculture-sector reforms to analyse the contribution of Poverty and Social Impact Analysis (PSIA) to improved rural policy. A decision-theoretic framework is presented showing that effective PSIAs should target reforms where institutional distortions and uncertainty about key policy parameters are greatest. The framework is applied to nine cases of World Bank-sponsored PSIAs, and results show that, while they have generally been effective, their impacts can be improved by identifying key uncertainties a priori, better identifying and engaging stakeholders, and improving the integration of quantitative and qualitative components.
Molecular and cytogenetic analysis of familial Xp deletions.

Five families in which an Xp deletion is segregating and two families in which an X chromosome rearrangement including a deletion of the short arm is segregating were ascertained for study. Normal fertility was seen in all families. Members from 5 of the 7 families manifested short stature (height <5th centile), while normal height was present in two families. Studies of both the FMR-1 and the androgen receptor loci using PCR based X-inactivation analysis demonstrated that in all families analyzed, there is preferential inactivation of one X chromosome. Molecular cytogenetic analysis showed that members of 3 of the 7 families share a common breakpoint in an approximate 2-3 Mb region at Xp22.12, suggesting a possible hotspot for chromatin breakage. Previous genotype-phenotype correlations and deletion mapping have indicated that a gene for stature resides within the pseudoautosomal region in Xp22.33. Our findings indicate that the loss of this region is not always associated with short stature, suggesting that other factors may be involved.
A typology of personal and environmental sexual harassment: Research and policy implications for the 1990s

Most of the research conducted on sexual harassment over the last decade and a half has used categories that are neither mutually exclusive nor exhaustive. This has created problems for researchers: it is difficult to compare results from one study to another, harassment types that have scholarly and legal-policy relevance are omitted, and the ability of researchers to inform legal and policy decisions is diminished as a result of these problems. A comprehensive categorization of harassment types that addresses these methodological problems is presented. Specifically, 11 specific types of harassment—4 types of Verbal Requests, 3 Verbal Remarks, and 4 Nonverbal Displays—are presented with examples from research and legal literatures. Recommendations for reconceptualizing research definitions of harassment as well as for diversifying the methodological approaches to the topic are made.
5,20-Diphenyl-10,15-bis(p-tolyl)-21-selenaporphyrin and Its Nickel(II) Complexes1

The synthesis of a new monoheteroporphyrin, 5,20-diphenyl-10,15-bis(p-tolyl)-21-selenaporphyrin (SeDPDTPH), is reported. The 21-selenaporphyrin has been characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, mass spectrometry, and UV−visible spectra and an X-ray structural analysis. The free base selenaporphyrin SeDPDTPH crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n with a =19.848(3) A, b = 8.8410(14) A, c = 20.503(4) A, β = 103.375(12)° at 125 K with Z = 4. Refinement of all 4577 unique reflections and 453 parameters yielded R1 = 0.096 (based on F2). The presence of selenium atom elongates the macrocycle along the N(1)−N(3) axis when compared to a regular porphyrin. The π delocalization pattern is altered in the selenophene moiety in relation to the free selenophene. SeDPDTPH undergoes a two-step proton addition in solution. Mono- and dication formation results in distortion of the planar 21-selenaporphyrin structure. The monocation structure is solvent dependent as shown by the 1H NMR titration experiments. Insertion of ...
Acid rain measurements

The United States and Canada have launched a project to determine whether the methods they use to measure acid rain produce compatible results. Apparently, the U.S. and Canadian findings may not be comparable because of differences in the way they collect and analyze data. The U.S. separately collects precipitation from snow and rain as well as dry, windblown material. The samples are gathered and analyzed weekly. The Canadians use instruments that collect only water. They gather and test their samples monthly.
Serotonin receptors. Genetic insights into serotonin function

Targeted disruption of the genes for the 5-HT1B and 5-HT2C serotonin receptors and monoamine oxidase A have confirmed pharmacological experiments and revealed unexpected behavioral roles for serotonin.
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test performance in patients with complex partial seizures of temporal-lobe origin.

Abstract Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) performance was investigated in patients with complex partial seizures (CPS) of dominant (n=16) or nondominant (n=19) temporal-lobe origin as well as in an epilepsy control group (n=6) which consisted largely of patients with primary generalized epilepsies. Fifty seven percent of the CPS group (39% of dominant and 74% of nondominant temporal-lobe patients) performed in a manner suggestive of frontal-lobe pathology compared to 17% of the epilepsy controls. There were no differences among the groups in the number of categories achieved, but there were substantial qualitative differences in problem-solving efficiency. Nondominant temporal patients manifested more total errors and perseverative errors relative to both dominant temporal and epilepsy controls, and more perseverative responses relative to epilepsy controls. Dominant temporal-lobe patients showed more perseverative errors than epilepsy controls. Finally, a consecutive series of patients who underwent pa...
Information Resources Development for Electronic Publications

ABSTRACT The technological changes and automation opportunities by government and private sectors, changing user needs and expectations, and current economic situations have forced academic institutions to reexamine their collection policies and services. In fiscal year 1995/96 one of the Strategic Objectives at the University of Arizona was to develop a library policy for selecting and acquiring electronic products. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of how this policy was developed. This study focuses on the methodology used to gather data from library customers, components of the policy, library organization, and the role of selectors. Other issues include trends and initiatives such as duplication, archives, copyright, licensing, and partnerships affecting electronic resources including government publications.
Interspecies Pharmacokinetic Modeling of Subcutaneous Absorption of Rituximab in Mice and Rats

Purpose To investigate the effect of dose level and anatomical site of injection on the pharmacokinetics of rituximab in mice, and to evaluate the utility of a pharmacokinetic model for describing interspecies differences in subcutaneous absorption between mice and rats.
Consequence of Self Versus Externally Generated Visual Motion on Postural Regulation

A limiting factor in the use of virtual environments to examine perception and action is that it is dependent on the quality of the interaction. A virtual reality game (first-person viewpoint with moderate difficulty) was used to investigate the link between control and postural regulation. Postural regulation was examined using a motion capture system, and the differences that emerged as a result of the participant being a passive observer versus an active participant were evaluated using a fractal procedure: dispersion analysis. A significant interaction was found between control and health, namely, participants' postural behavior tended to be less uniform when they were sick and when they were in control of the environment. These results lead the authors to suggest that successful interaction with novel environments depends on the ability to find and consistently use appropriate control strategies.
The HydroThermAblator system for management of menorrhagia in women with submucous myomas: 12- to 20-month follow-up.

Abstract Study Objective To assess the safety and efficacy of the HydroThermAblator (HTA) system to treat patients with menorrhagia and submucous myomas up to 4 cm in diameter. Design Retrospective, multicenter, cohort study (Canadian Task Force classification II-2). Setting Two medical centers from a large, prepaid, multispecialty health maintenance organization. Patients Twenty-two women. Intervention HTA endometrial ablation. Measurements and Main Results The HTA circulates free-flowing, heated (90° C) saline in the uterine cavity for 10 minutes under direct hysteroscopic control. All procedures were performed in the office under local anesthesia after premedication with oral anxiolytic and analgesic agents. At least 1 year after treatment (average follow-up 15.4 mo, range 12–20 mo), women were contacted regarding their menstrual history. Success was defined as no additional medical or surgical intervention. Amenorrhea was defined as no bleeding, eumenorrhea as normal periods, and oligomenorrhea as less than a normal period. Twelve patients (54%) reported complete amenorrhea; 7 were premenopausal (41% amenorrhea rate) and 5 were postmenopausal (100% amenorrhea rate). Five (23%) reported oligomenorrhea and three (14%) eumenorrhea, and were very satisfied with the result. The overall success rate was 91%. Of two failures (9%), one woman had a repeat HTA 13 months later for menorrhagia. The other had a repeat HTA for persistent spotting and sustained a false passage and small perforation before the procedure began. She elected to have a vaginal hysterectomy 1 month later. Although the results are not statistically significant, patients were extremely satisfied with the outcomes, and no serious complications were related to the device or its use for this indication. Conclusion HTA is probably safe and effective in treating women with menorrhagia and submucous myomas up to 4 cm in diameter. It offers advantages over hysterectomy and electrosurgical resection since it is an office-based procedure, and significant advantages over other global ablation technologies that, by their design, are unable to treat significantly distorted uterine cavities.
¿REVIVIR EL ESTADO DESARROLLISTA? EL MITO DE LA “BURGUESÍA NACIONAL”

El regreso a un �desarrollismo� emana no solo de entre las elites politicas, sino tambien de entre intelectuales del movimiento critico antiglobalizacion, organizaciones no gubernamentales, y sindicatos, y aparece incluso para muchos como el �programa de transicion� del presente tiempo. Defendiendo un espacio para el desarrollo capitalista nacional, bajo la direccion de grupos nacionales, parece consistente con una direccion consiente de la economia, incluso bajo la hegemonia de la burguesia nacional. Nostalgia por una era pasada entendible, pero teniendo medio siglo de experiencia solo de esos modelos de desarrollo que descansan, y promueven, el crecimiento de los capitalistas nacionales. Puede ser relevante girar en los registros historicos para examinar de cerca las precondiciones politicas para y las consecuencias de, un proyecto desarrollista.
Binding of 3,5,3′-Triiodothyronine (T3) and its Analogs to the in Vitro Translational Products of c-erbA Protooncogenes: Differences in the Affinity of the α- and β-Forms for the Acetic Acid Analog and Failure of the Human Testis and Kidney α-2 Products to Bind T3

We have compared the affinities for T3 and the T3 analog binding characteristics of the in vitro translational products of seven c-erbA cDNAs (chicken cerbA α human placental c-erbA β rat c-erbA β-1; rat c-erbA α-1; rat c-erbA α-2; human testis c-erbA α-2; and human kidney c-erbA α-2). Four of these (chicken c-erbA α, human placental c-erbA β, rat cerbA β-1, rat c-erbA α-1) bound T3with high affinity as previously described. When compared under identical conditions of synthesis and [125I]T3 binding, there was no significant difference between the affinity of the chicken c-erb Aα-1 and the human cerbA β but in a more limited series the affinity of rat c-erbA β-1 for T3 was 4.6-fold higher than that of the rat c-erbA α-1. In vitro translational products of the β-probes showed a characteristic 2.2-fold higher triiodothyroacetic acid/T3 ratio than did the products of the α-probes, regardless of the species of origin of the probe. As previously established, the rat cerbA α-2 product did not bind T3. However, i...
Social structure and mating system of the buffy flower bat, Erophylla sezekorni (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae)

Polygyny and promiscuity are the 2 most common mammalian mating systems, whereas monogamy and lek mating are rare. Mammalian mating systems are thought to be influenced by the amount of paternal investment required, defensibility of females, and the stability and size of female groups. With some notable exceptions, male bats typically make no paternal investment and, because of high mobility and broad foraging areas of females, ranges of females often are not defensible. Thus, we would expect most bats to be polygynous or promiscuous; however, mating systems of only about 6% of bat species have been studied. Mating systems of leaf-nosed bats in the family Phyllostomidae have not been well studied, and no species in subfamilies Glossophaginae and Phyllonycterinae, a major radiation of nectar-feeding phyllostomids, have been studied. The buffy flower bat (Erophylla sezekorni) is a phyllonycterine bat endemic to islands of the Greater Antilles. We describe the social structure and mating system of E. sezekorni on Exuma, Bahamas, using capture data, roost observations, and paternity analysis. E. sezekorni roosts in multimale‐multifemale groups and female groups are large (50‐350 bats) and labile. Males of E. sezekorni aggregate at display areas where they exhibit wing displays and hold territories throughout the 2-month mating season. Mature males also produce garlic-scented supraorbital secretions and ultrasonic display calls. Paternity analysis revealed that females do not mate exclusively with displaying males and that there is limited polygyny and reproductive skew. We also found sexual dimorphism in body mass and condition, with males being both heavier and in better condition than females. Based on large female group size, female group lability, and existence of male mating territories, we hypothesize that E. sezekorni employs a form of promiscuous mating system. More data about female mating behavior are required to test this hypothesis.
Regulation of Reactive Oxygen Species Homeostasis by Peroxiredoxins and c-Myc

Peroxiredoxins (Prxs) are highly conserved proteins found in most organisms, where they function primarily to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS). Loss of the most ubiquitous member of the family, Prx1, is associated with the accumulation of oxidatively damaged DNA and a tumor-prone phenotype. Prx1 interacts with the transcriptional regulatory domain of the c-Myc oncoprotein and suppresses its transforming activity. The DNA damage in tissues of prx1-/- mice is associated in some cases with only modest increases in total ROS levels. However, these cells show dramatic increases in nuclear ROS and reduced levels of cytoplasmic ROS, which explains their mutational susceptibility. In the current work, we have investigated whether changes in other ROS scavengers might account for the observed ROS redistribution pattern in prx1-/- cells. We show ∼5-fold increases in Prx5 levels in prx1-/- embryo fibroblasts relative to prx1+/+ cells. Moreover, Prx5 levels normalize when Prx1 expression is restored. Prx5 levels also appear to be highly dependent on c-Myc, and chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments showed differential occupancy of c-Myc and Prx1 complexes at E-box elements in the prx5 gene proximal promoter. This study represents a heretofore unreported mechanism for the c-Myc-dependent regulation of one Prx family member by another and identifies a novel means by which cells reestablish ROS homeostasis when one of these family members is compromised.
The Decompensated Detrusor I: The Effects of Bladder Outlet Obstruction on the Use of Intracellular Calcium Stores

AbstractPurpose: As in other smooth muscle groups, extracellular calcium influx as well as the release of calcium from intracellular storage sites or sarcoplasmic reticulum occur in response to receptor stimulation. The relative participation of extracellular influx versus intracellular release has recently been shown to be influenced by developmental stage and obstruction. Partial bladder outlet obstruction results in marked hypertrophy of the bladder and produces alterations in contractile function. To understand better how this contractile dysfunction after outlet obstruction is influenced by intracellular calcium handling we tested the effects of 2 drugs with known effects on the sarcoplasmic reticulum.Materials and Methods: We evaluated ryanodine, which blocks the release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, and thapsigargin, which blocks the ability of the sarcoplasmic reticulum to pump cytosolic calcium back into the storage sites. Rabbit bladders were obstructed for different periods, after...
First-Principles Calculations and Thermodynamic Modeling of the Al2O3–Nd2O3 System

Using first-principles calculations, the enthalpies of formation of NdAlO 3 and Nd 4 Al 2 O 9 from neodymia and alumina are predicted to be -41.1 and -104.5 kJ/mol-form, respectively, and Nd 4 Al 2 O 9 is predicted to be a stable compound at all temperatures up to its peritectic decomposition temperature. In the case of NdAlO 3 , where reported experimental enthalpies of formation differ, our predicted value is used to determine which experimental value is more accurate. The enthalpies of formation calculated by the first-principles method are combined with experimental phase equilibria to evaluate the Gibbs energies of phases in the Al 2 O 3 -Nd 2 O 3 system. The resulting Gibbs energy functions are compared with previous modelings of the system and are shown to be an improvement as more thermochemical data have been included. The combined first-principles/thermodynamic modeling approach employed in the current work shows promise in enabling the evaluation of important ceramic systems in which experimental thermochemical data are scarce.
Optical combs for sensor applications

Frequency combs provide a broadband, coherent, calibrated optical output in a single mode beam. We discuss three sensing applications that exploit this unique combination of properties: molecular spectroscopy, optical time-frequency transfer, and three-dimensional surface mapping.
Effect of Volatile Components of Carrot Seed Oil on Growth and Aflatoxin Production by Aspergillus parasiticus

The effect of the volatile fraction of carrot seed oil (VCSO) and its components on the growth and aflatoxin production by Aspergillus parasiticus was studied. Geraniol, citral and terpineol prevented growth and therefore aflatoxin production. VCSO inhibited growth and no aflatoxin was produced. Limonene and terpinene did not affect growth but inhibited aflatoxin production. The addition of VCSO, limonene and terpinene decreased the rate of primary metabolism as demonstrated by the higher final pH of the medium. VCSO, limonene and terpinene reduced the growth rate, measured by the incorporation of [3H] amino acids into trichloracetic acid (TCA) insoluble protein. The addition of VCSO at anytime up to 5 days reduced the aflatoxin accumulation at 7 days.
Structural comparison of allogeneic and syngeneic T cell receptor-peptide-major histocompatibility complex complexes: a buried alloreactive mutation subtly alters peptide presentation substantially increasing V(beta) Interactions.

The crystal structures of the 2C/H-2Kbm3–dEV8 allogeneic complex at 2.4 A and H-2Kbm3–dEV8 at 2.15 A, when compared with their syngeneic counterparts, elucidate structural changes that induce an alloresponse. The Asp77Ser mutation that imbues H-2Kbm3–dEV8 with its alloreactive properties is located beneath the peptide and does not directly contact the T cell receptor (TCR). However, the buried mutation induces local rearrangement of the peptide itself to preserve hydrogen bonding interactions between the peptide and the α1 77 residue. The COOH terminus of the peptide main chain is tugged toward the α1-helix such that its presentation to the TCR is altered. These changes increase the stability of the allogeneic peptide-major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) complex and increase complementarity in the TCR–pMHC interface, placing greater emphasis on recognition of the pMHC by the TCR β-chain, evinced by an increase in shape complementarity, buried surface area, and number of TCR–pMHC contacting residues. A nearly fourfold increase in the number of β-chain–pMHC contacts is accompanied by a concomitant 64% increase in β-chain–pMHC shape complementarity. Thus, the allogeneic mutation causes the same peptide to be presented differently, temporally and spatially, by the allogeneic and syngeneic MHCs.
Exceptions to High School Dropout Predictions in a Low‐Income Sample: Do Adults Make a Difference?

Adult-child relationship factors were examined to determine whether they differentiated between individuals who follow expected versus unexpected educational pathways. Low-income participants (96 men, 83 women) in the United States were followed from birth through age 23. Individuals were identified who followed expected versus unexpected pathways to high school graduation or dropping out based on academic achievement and behavioral problems. Patterns of parental involvement in school were significantly different between expected dropouts and unexpected graduates in middle childhood. In contrast, expected graduates had higher levels of parent involvement in middle childhood, more supportive parent-child relationships in early adolescence, and higher levels of social competence with adults than unexpected dropouts.
Photonic band tuning in 2D photonic crystals by atomic layer deposition

In this paper, we have demonstrated a technique in which the photonic bands of two-dimensional triangular lattice photonic crystal slab waveguides can be statically tuned by nanoscale modifications, thereby enabling unprecedented adjustment to the dispersion properties of any 2D photonic crystal. Additionally, the technique facilitates the formation of layered and composite 2D PC waveguides thus opening new fabrication routes to control dispersion, propagation and dielectric contrast
The Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus): its histological and haematological response to methylcellulose

Summary After intraperitoneal injections of 2·5% aqueous methylcellulose twice a week for IS weeks gerbils showed a mild haemolytic anaemia, heterophnia, lymphopenia and monocytosis. Many monocytes and a few lymphocytes had a foamy vacuolated cytoplasm. There was a sequestration of methylcellulose in the phagocytic cells of the spleen, liver, bone marrow and in other scattered foci, and consistent storage in the glomerular endothelium. Myeloid metaplasia was noted in the spleen, and splenic weights were markedly increased (P < O.OS); hepatomegaly was also present. The survival at the end of IS weeks was 60%. From this experiment, the gerbil is considered to be a potential model for a stimulated monocyte-macrophage system. Following the use of the methylcellulose-injected rat (Palmer, Eichwald, Cartwright & Wintrobe, 1953) it is now possible to study the functions of the spleen in a laboratory animal during a period of established hyperactivity. Such rats show splenomegaly, haemolytic anaemia, leukopenia and otherwise fulfill the criteria for the syndrome of hypersplenism. The present study with methylcellulose-injected gerbils was designed to assess the potential of this species in its response to the experimental induction of methylcellulose-induced splenomegaly. The gerbil was chosen because its haematological profile has not yet been fully defined (Termer & Glomski, 1978; Smith & Glomski, 1977; Weeks & Glomski, 1978), and because it is increasingly used in the laboratory.
Regards comparatifs sur la stratégie québécoise de lutte contre la pauvreté et l’exclusion sociale : un poids significatif, des choix partiellement distinctifs

L’analyse des politiques sociales quebecoises dans une perspective comparee se presente sous deux sortes d’approche : explicative et qualificative. Le present article propose une analyse comparative sommaire de la strategie quebecoise de lutte contre la pauvrete et l’exclusion sociale, encore peu etudiee en mode compare, basee sur ces deux approches. Cette double comparaison permet, d’une part, d’evaluer le poids de la strategie quebecoise comme facteur explicatif des politiques adoptees en matiere d’inclusion sociale (en comparant avec les experiences des pays de l’Europe des 15) et, d’autre part, d’analyser plus finement les choix politiques de la strategie quebecoise (comparativement a celles de Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador, de l’Ontario et de la Nouvelle-Ecosse).
Flavor and Oxidative Stability of Ground Beef Patties as Affected by Source and Storage

Chuck muscles and fat from silage plus grain- and forage-fed steers were stored 7 days at 4°C before patty manufacture or processed into patties and stored at 4°C or −32°C. The thiobarbituric acid values were constant from 0 to 4 days for frozen patties but decreased (P 0.05) on refrigerated patties.
Design and implementation of an ordered memory access architecture

The authors describe a multiprocessor machine for real-time digital signal processing that uses commercial programmable DSP chips. The architecture is a shared memory, single shared bus parallel processor designed to run signal processing tasks that can be statically scheduled. The design is based on the architecture proposed by J.C. Bier and the authors (1990). A prototype has been built. The implementation details and performance results are discussed. >
E.S.R. spectra of free radicals induced in nucleic acid purine and pyrimidine bases and selected analogues by exposure to hydrogen atoms.

SummaryPurine and pyrimidine bases, selected to permit determination of effects of structure, were exposed to hydrogen or deuterium atoms within an E.S.R. cavity. Spectra were recorded at intervals during the exposure. Conclusions about pyrimidines are: atoms add to all pyrimidines tested; addition is to the 5–6 double bond of 1,3-dideuterouracil; methyl groups on carbons 5 or 6 exert a dominant directive effect on addition; dihydropyrimidinyl radicals appear to have a near planar conformation at room temperature, but 1,3-dimethyldihydropyrimidinyl radicals are non-planar; steric blocking of H atom addition appears to be unimportant; and oxo and amino groups on carbon 4 have slightly different effects on the electronic structure of the radicals. Reaction of H atoms with 5,6-dihydropyrimidines gives the same radicals by abstraction as are formed by addition to the corresponding pyrimidine. All purines tested give radicals with nearly identical electronic structures.
Two seconds is all it takes: European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) increase levels of circulating glucocorticoids after witnessing a brief raptor attack

Researchers typically study "acute" activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis by measuring levels of circulating glucocorticoids in animals that have been exposed to a predator or a cue from a predator (e.g., odor), or have experienced a standardized capture-and-restraint protocol, all of which are many minutes in duration. However, exposure to predators in the "wild", either as the subject of an attack or as a witness to an attack, is generally much shorter as most depredation attempts upon free-living animals last <5s. Yet, whether a stimulus lasting only seconds can activate the HPA axis is unknown. To determine if a stimulus of a few seconds triggers a glucocorticoid response, we measured levels of corticosterone (CORT; the primary avian glucocorticoid) in wild-caught European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) after they witnessed a brief (<2-8s) raptor attack upon a conspecific, a human "attack" (i.e., a researcher handling a conspecific), and an undisturbed control. Witnesses of a raptor attack responded with CORT levels comparable to that induced by a standardized capture-and-restraint protocol. Glucocorticoid levels of individuals following the control treatment were similar to baseline levels, and those that witnessed a human "attack" had intermediate levels. Our results demonstrate that witnessing a predator attack of very brief duration triggers a profound adrenocortical stress response. Given the considerable evidence of a role for glucocorticoids in learning and memory, such a response may affect how individuals learn to recognize and appropriately react to predators.