cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Microfabricated Implantable Parylene-Based Wireless Passive Intraocular Pressure Sensors

This paper presents an implantable parylene-based wireless pressure sensor for biomedical pressure sensing applications specifically designed for continuous intraocular pressure (IOP) monitoring in glaucoma patients. It has an electrical LC tank resonant circuit formed by an integrated capacitor and an inductor coil to facilitate passive wireless sensing using an external interrogating coil connected to a readout unit. Two surface-micromachined sensor designs incorporating variable capacitor and variable capacitor/inductor resonant circuits have been implemented to realize the pressure-sensitive components. The sensor is monolithically microfabricated by exploiting parylene as a biocompatible structural material in a suitable form factor for minimally invasive intraocular implantation. Pressure responses of the microsensor have been characterized to demonstrate its high pressure sensitivity ( > 7000 ppm/mmHg) in both sensor designs, which confirms the feasibility of pressure sensing with smaller than 1 mmHg of resolution for practical biomedical applications. A six-month animal study verifies the in vivo bioefficacy and biostability of the implant in the intraocular environment with no surgical or postoperative complications. Preliminary ex vivo experimental results verify the IOP sensing feasibility of such device. This sensor will ultimately be implanted at the pars plana or on the iris of the eye to fulfill continuous, convenient, direct, and faithful IOP monitoring.[2008-0111].
A Note on Calculating Tau and Average Tau and on the Sampling Distribution of Average Tau with a Criterion Ranking

Abstract Calculational short cuts for Kendall's tau and average tau and for Hays' average tau with a criterion ranking (τC ) are shown. The short cuts are based mainly on counting “inversions” in the ordering of n objects by a given judge, and summing over m judges, rather than counting agreements for a given object-pair and summing over object-pairs. The sum of the number of inversions thus counted for τC has a limiting normal distribution under the null hypothesis. From this is derived a statistic which approximates the sampling distribution of τ C . The approximation is shown to be close even for small m and n.
A Remark on the Green Correspondence on G-Algebras

In the context of G-algebras, we prove that Green correspondent points satisfy some important properties that are suggested by the classical finite group Green correspondence.
Viscous flow in multiparticle systems: Slow motion of fluids relative to beds of spherical particles

A mathematical treatment is developed on the basis that two concentric spheres can serve as the model for a random assemblage of spheres moving relative to a fluid. The inner sphere comprises one of the particles in the assemblage and the outer sphere consists of a fluid envelope with a “free surface.” The appropriate boundary conditions resulting from these assumptions enable a closed solution to be obtained satisfying the Stokes-Navier equations omitting inertia terms. This solution enables rate of sedimentation or alternatively pressure drop to be predicted as a function of fractional void volume. Comparison of the theory is made with other relationships and data reported in the literature. Of special interest is its close agreement with the well known Carman-Kozeny equation which has been widely used to correlate data on packed beds as well as sedimenting and fluidized systems of particles. This is remarkable in view of the fact that the force on each particle in a packed bed can be up to several hundred times that exerted on a single particle in an undistrubed medium.
Feedback Control of Turbulence

A brief review of current approaches to active feedback control of the fluctuations arising in turbulent flows is presented, emphasizing the mathematical techniques involved. Active feedback control schemes are categorized and compared by examining the extent to which they are based on the governing flow equations. These schemes are broken down into the following categories: adaptive schemes, schemes based on heuristic physical arguments, schemes based on a dynamical systems approach, and schemes based on optimal control theory applied directly to the NavierStokes equations. Recent advances in methods of implementing small scale flow control ideas are also reviewed.
Probabilistic Determination of Crash Locations in a Road Network with Imperfect Data

The limited quality of location data poses a major problem to those who want to use such data for research or safety management. The proportion of crashes unassigned to specific road locations is considerable. This fact is sometimes overlooked because crash database queries return crashes assignable to locations but do not issue warnings about crashes that are not assignable. Without reliable location information, crash data are of limited use for more refined safety research and even for basic road safety management. Probabilistic linking techniques are frequently chosen to link medical, census, and other population records, mainly for medical research but also for security concerns and market studies. This paper presents a first application of the probabilistic method of assigning crashes to roads through linking road crash records with road inventory records. Because of missing or incorrect data, multiple locations are candidates, and probabilistic linking offers a solution by selecting the highest-likelihood locations. This paper uses the Bayesian approach to link data in a version specialized for linking one-to-many records.
Detection and Typing of Human Herpesvirus 6 by Molecular Methods in Specimens from Patients Diagnosed with Encephalitis or Meningitis

Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) was detected in specimens from patients hospitalized with symptoms of encephalitis or meningitis. A real-time PCR assay was developed which has a linear dynamic range of 5 to 5 × 106 copies of HHV-6 and a sensitivity of five gene copies per reaction. While the assay detects both subtypes, HHV-6A and HHV-6B, it is specific and does not cross-react with a selected specificity panel. A total of 1,482 patient specimens, which were collected between 2003 and 2007, were tested; 26 specimens from 24 patients were found to be positive for HHV-6 by real-time PCR. The HHV-6 detection rate in this population was therefore 1.75%. The majority of the specimens tested (>95%) were cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens. We were able to type 20 of the 26 positive specimens by conventional PCR and sequence analysis; all were HHV-6B. Forty-two percent of the patients were 3 years of age or younger, which may indicate a primary infection in these patients. Given the ages of the remaining patients (from 4 to 81 years), their infections were most probably due to virus reactivations. Where information was available, symptoms of patients included fever (71%), altered mental status (67%), and abnormal CSF profile (75%). Fifty percent of patients of 3 years of age or younger suffered from seizures. The detection of HHV-6 in specimens from patients diagnosed with encephalitis or meningitis, in the absence of a positive PCR result for other agents, strongly suggests a role for HHV-6 in the pathogenesis of these central nervous system diseases.
The Morphological Basis of Anaphora.

Chomsky (1981: 188, 220; 1986a: 166) formulates the Binding Theory essentially as in (1).(1) (A) An anaphor must be locally bound(B) A pronoun must not be locally bound(C) An R-expression must not be boundThe notion ‘bound’ is defined as ‘c-commanded by a co-referential element’. As for the notion ‘locally’, that of Chomsky (1986a) differs somewhat from that of Chomsky (1981), and much recent literature addresses the issue, especially in connection with the phenomenon of ‘Long Distance Anaphora’. (For relevant discussion see Burzio (1989c and references therein) and also Levinson, this volume.) For most of our purposes, it will be sufficient to assume Chomsky's (1981: 188) ‘within its [i.e. the anaphor's/pronoun‘s] governing category’, or even the formally simpler (though empirically less adequate) ‘within the same minimal clause’. The empirical effects of the Binding Theory in (1) can then be illustrated as in (2a, b, c) – instances of local binding, non-local binding, and no binding respectively. In each case the connecting line expresses intended co-reference, much as co-indexation in later examples. Each ungrammatical case is accounted for by the principle indicated in parentheses.
The Deciduous Behavior of a Tropical Plant, Plumeria acuminata

The deciduous behavior of the tropical perennial Plumeria acuminata Ait., cultivar Sherman White, was investigated. The temperature during the period of experiment varied only 3°C, the mean maxima and minima, respectively, being; 28.5° and 23.5°C for summer months and 25.5° and 20.6°C for winter months. The length of the day-light period ranged from 14¼ hours on the longest day in June to 11¾ hours on the shortest day in December. Under naturally prevailing conditions of temperature and day-lengths, cessation of leaf formation and shedding of foliage occurred during the longer-night, autumn-winter months. The shedding was manifested in two stages: from mid-October to mid-January there was a slow but steady decrease in the number of leaves per plant, and in late January there occurred an abrupt abscission of all remaining leaves. Light interruptions during the middle of each night prevented a net loss in foliage as well as the en masse shedding in late January. Stem elongation was retarded during the autumn-winter months, but its rate was fully restored when the long nights were interrupted with artificial light. Flowering was unaffected by day-length. On the basis of these observations it is concluded that the deciduous behavior of Plumeria and perhaps other tropicals, alike temperate climate species, is governed by photoperiod. Cessation of leaf formation and en masse shedding of foliage are induced by long nights. However, in contrast to temperate zone plants, in which deciduousness is an adaptation against the winter cold and freeze, deciduousness provides tropical plants a survival advantage, perhaps, against seasonally recurring droughts.
Copper in Nonvertebrate Organisms

Probably all living cells in organisms of almost all phyla contain the fundamental enzyme of respiration, cytochrome c oxidase. On this basis alone, copper is probably essential for all living creatures. Cytochrome oxidase has been discussed in detail in Chapter 6, including the one- to three-subunit forms found in bacteria and the somewhat larger forms found in plants and other creatures. It will not be discussed again in any detail in this chapter. However, the other important copper enzymes and redox proteins and the distribution and functions of copper in nonvertebrate organisms will be described and summarized herein.
Student Connections between Algebraic and Graphical Polynomial Representations in the Context of a Polynomial Relation

When establishing connections among representations of associated mathematical concepts, students encounter different difficulties and successes along the way. The purpose of this study was to uncover information about and gain greater insight into how student processes connections. Pre-calculus students were observed and interviewed while performing a task that required connections among graphical and algebraic representations of a polynomial relation. Their reasoning and processes on the task were examined. This revealed more detailed information about the nature of their connections and misconceptions. The study reveals different types of student connections among graphical and algebraic representations.
Hyperglycemia during the immediate period following liver transplantation.

Aim: High blood glucose levels in the hospital are common among transplant recipients. Methods: Retrospective analysis, stratified by diagnosis of pretransplant diabetes mellitus (DM). Results: Of 346 patients, 96 had pretransplant DM (insulin, n = 60; no insulin, n = 36) and 250 did not. Patients with pretransplant DM had higher inpatient mean glucose levels and more hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia (all p 180 mg/dl (OR: 1.51; 95% CI: 1.23–1.95; p < 0.01). Conclusion: Inpatient hyperglycemia was common in liver transplant recipients. Hospital practitioners must anticipate the need to teach self-management skills to liver transplant recipients.
Feasibility of Detecting Spacecraft Charging and Arcing by Remote Sensing

More than 50 years after the dawn of the space age, most spacecraft still do not have sensors onboard capable of detecting whether they are at potentials likely to put them at risk of severe charging and the concomitant arcing, or, indeed, even capable of detecting when or if they undergo arcing. As a result, anomaly resolution has often been hit or miss, and false diagnoses are probably common. In this paper, a few remote sensing techniques that could be applied for remotely detecting spacecraft charging and/or arcing, and their feasibility, are examined: surface glows from high-energy electron impact, x-rays from bremsstrahlung, and radio and optical emission from arcs and after arcing.
Abstract B29: Role of inflammatory-related gene expression in clear cell renal cell carcinoma

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the 10th most common cancer in United States with clear-cell renal carcinoma (ccRCC) being the most common. Many genes and signaling pathways have been implicated in ccRCC development, including the inflammation pathway. However, less is known about how gene expression variation within this pathway influences ccRCC development and clinical outcomes. Gene expression in tumor and adjacent normal tissues from 93 patients with ccRCC was detected using a genome-wide expression array and a panel of 661 inflammation-related genes was then analyzed. Differential expression patterns between tumor and adjacent normal tissue were observed. Association between expression and recurrence or survival was evaluated with those genes showing significant association further tested in a validation set of 258 ccRCC tumor samples. A total of 151 genes with at least a 2-fold change in gene expression between adjacent normal and tumor were identified, with a majority of the genes being upregulated in the tumors. Eleven inflammation-related genes (BLNK, APP, IL8, CARD9, SOD2, IL10RA, GADD45G, ADORA3, CXCL1, CIITA, and NCF2) were found to be significantly associated with recurrence and/or overall survival in 93 ccRCC tumors and selected for further validation. Expression of CIITA and NCF2 was significantly associated with overall survival in the replication dataset with high expression levels associated with significant 2.65-fold (95% CI=1.28-5.49, P=0.0088) and a 2.26-fold (95% CI=1.12-4.58, P=0.023) increased risk of dying, respectively. Our results suggest expression of CIITA and NCF2 genes may be significant prognostic biomarkers for risk of dying in patients with ccRCC. Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2010;3(12 Suppl):B29.
The morphological presentation of the cochlear in GJB2 conditional knock out mice under scanning electron microscopy

Objective To explore the mechanism of hereditary hearing loss.Methods Cochlea from cCx26 mice on P8(the 8th postnatal day),P12(the 12th postnatal day)and P21(the 21st postnatal day)were examined with a scanning microscope(SEM).Results On P8 and P12,the external morphology of inner hair cells(IHC),outer hair cells(OHC)and supporting cells developed normally.But in P21 stage,extensive coalescence or absence of stereo cilia of OHC and loss of OHC in the basal and middle turn of cochlea were seen.The cuticular plate was shriveled and damaged,however,the IHCs in the cochlea were intact without any obvious change.Conclusion Mutation of GJB2 may cause the absence of stereo cilia of OHC,the shrinkage and the damage of Corti's cuticular plate in mice.All these morphological changes of cochlea may occur before P21.
Lack of effect of ovarian denervation on ovulation and pregnancy in the rabbit

Following unilateral ovarian denervation by ovarian artery stripping in female rabbits, ovulation and pregnancy were achieved within 3 days of denervation. Three weeks later, at repeat laparotomy, ovarian dimensions and the numbers of corpora lutea and pregnancies were noted. Fluorescent histochemical studies confirmed complete adrenergic denervation in five of the rabbits' ovaries. There was no significant difference in ovarian dimensions, numbers of corpora lutea and pregnancies, or the excess of corpora lutea over implantations when the intact control side was compared with the denervated side. The control ovaries demonstrated an average of 5 corpora lutea/ovary and an average of 3.4 conceptuses in the adjacent uterine horn, while the numbers on the denervated side were 5 and 3.2, respectively. Although these findings demonstrate that central neural efferent control is not essential for the occurrence of pregnancy after mating in the rabbit, the potential significance of ovarian neuromuscular mechanisms in these functions is discussed, and future studies are suggested.
[A sero-epidemiological study of hepatitis B among general population in Beijing].

Objective To understand the sero-prevalence of hepatitis B in general population in Beijing and provide evidence for the prevention and control of hepatitis B. Methods A serological survey was conducted in general population aged >1 year selected through multistage randomized cluster sampling in Beijing from August 2013 to February 2014. The estimated sample size was 5 200. Venous blood samples were collected from them to detect five hepatitis B serological indicators. The information about the hepatitis B immunization history and risk factors of the study subjects were collected through a questionnaire survey. Results A total of 6 705 people were surveyed. The sero-positive rates of HBsAg, anti-HBs, anti-HBc and total HBV infection rate were 2.74%, 44.72%, 26.91% and 26.95% respectively. The age standardized rates were 2.73%, 44.83%, 26.84% and 26.87% respectively. As for the general population, in Beijing since the prevalence rate of hepatitis B surface antigen has decreased to 2.73%, <1% in children aged less than 5 years old, <1% in people aged less than 25 years old. Conclusion The integrated prevention and control strategy of hepatitis B had a significant effect in Beijing. We should continue to strengthen the work of adult hepatitis B vaccination. Key words: Hepatitis B; Sero-epidemiologic study; Prevalence rate; General population
Thermodynamic Control of Two-Dimensional Molecular Ionic Nanostructures on Metal Surfaces

Bulk molecular ionic solids exhibit fascinating electronic properties, including electron correlations, phase transitions, and superconducting ground states. In contrast, few of these phenomena have been observed in low-dimensional molecular structures, including thin films, nanoparticles, and molecular blends, not in the least because most of such structures have been composed of nearly closed-shell molecules. It is therefore desirable to develop low-dimensional ionic molecular structures that can capture potential applications. Here, we present detailed analysis of monolayer-thick structures of the canonical TTF–TCNQ (tetrathiafulvalene 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane) system grown on low-index gold and silver surfaces. The most distinctive property of the epitaxial growth is the wide abundance of stable TTF/TCNQ ratios, in sharp contrast to the predominance of a 1:1 ratio in the bulk. We propose the existence of the surface phase diagram that controls the structures of TTF–TCNQ on the surfaces and dem...
LM cointegration tests allowing for an unknown number of breaks: implications for the forward rate unbiasedness hypothesis

ABSTRACTThis article extends the Lagrange multiplier (LM) cointegration test proposed by Westerlund and Edgerton (WE 2007) by allowing for an unknown number of breaks. Monte Carlo simulations provide two main results. First, a loss of power in the LM cointegration tests is detected when potential multiple breaks are ignored. Second, the modified testing procedures do not affect the asymptotic distribution and major properties of the tests of WE under the null, but noticeably increase their testing power in presence of multiple breaks. We also provide empirical applications of the proposed tests for the forward rate unbiasedness hypothesis (FRUH). The results reveal that the FRUH does hold when the effects of the multiple structural breaks are taken into account.
Geospatial Data for Hydrology

A key characteristic of distributed modeling is the spatially variable representation of the watershed in terms of topography, vegetative, or land use/cover, soils and impervious areas and the derivative model parameters that govern the hydrologic processes of infiltration, evapotranspiration, and runoff. Geospatial data exist that can be harnessed for model setup. Digital representation of topography, soils, land use/cover, and precipitation may be accomplished using widely available or special purpose GIS data sets. Each GIS data source has a characteristic data structure, which has implications for the hydrologic model. Major data structures are raster and vector. Raster data structures are characteristic of remotely sensed data with a single value representing a grid cell. Points, polygons, and lines are referred to generally as vector data. Multiple attributes can be associated with a point, line, area, or grid cell. Some data sources capture characteristics of the data in terms of measurement scale or sample volume. A rain gauge essentially measures rainfall at a point, whereas radar, satellites and other remote sensing techniques typically map the spatial variability over large geographic areas at resolutions ranging from meters to kilometers. Source data structures can have important consequences on the derived parameter and, therefore, model performance. Even after considerable processing, hydrologic parameters can continue to have some vestige of the original data structure, which is termed an artifact. This chapter addresses geospatial data structure, projection, scale, dimensionality, and source data for hydrologic applications.
Estimating Energy Expenditure using Individualized, Power-Specific Gross Efficiencies

Our purpose was to determine if using an individual’s power-specific gross efficiency improves the accuracy of estimating energy expenditure from cycling power. 30 subjects performed a graded cycling test to develop 4 gross efficiencies: individual power-specific gross efficiencies, a group mean power-specific gross efficiency, individual fixed gross efficiencies, and a group mean fixed gross efficiency. Energy expenditure was estimated from power using these different gross efficiencies and compared to measured energy expenditure during moderate- and hard-intensity constant-power and 2 variable-power cycling bouts. Estimated energy expenditures using individual or group mean power-specific gross efficiencies were not different from measured energy expenditure across all cycling bouts (p>0.05). To examine the intra-individual variability of the estimates, absolute difference scores (absolute value of estimated minus measured energy expenditure) were compared, where values closer to zero represent more accurate individual estimates. The absolute difference score using individual power-specific gross efficiencies was significantly lower compared to the other gross efficiencies across all cycling bouts (p
The Landscape of Mouse Meiotic Double-Strand Break Formation, Processing, and Repair.

Summary Heritability and genome stability are shaped by meiotic recombination, which is initiated via hundreds of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). The distribution of DSBs throughout the genome is not random, but mechanisms molding this landscape remain poorly understood. Here, we exploit genome-wide maps of mouse DSBs at unprecedented nucleotide resolution to uncover previously invisible spatial features of recombination. At fine scale, we reveal a stereotyped hotspot structure—DSBs occur within narrow zones between methylated nucleosomes—and identify relationships between SPO11, chromatin, and the histone methyltransferase PRDM9. At large scale, DSB formation is suppressed on non-homologous portions of the sex chromosomes via the DSB-responsive kinase ATM, which also shapes the autosomal DSB landscape at multiple size scales. We also provide a genome-wide analysis of exonucleolytic DSB resection lengths and elucidate spatial relationships between DSBs and recombination products. Our results paint a comprehensive picture of features governing successive steps in mammalian meiotic recombination.
"We've Been Together. We Don't Have It. We're Fine." How Relationship Status Impacts Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Behavior among Young Adult Women.

Abstract Background Vaccination against the human papillomavirus (HPV) has the potential to significantly reduce morbidity and mortality associated with genital warts and HPV-related cancers. However, HPV vaccination rates continue to be suboptimal among the "catch-up" population of 18- to 26-year-old women. One consistent risk factor for nonvaccination is being in a relationship. This study aimed to understand how relationship status and vaccination status impact risk perceptions and perceived need for the HPV vaccine among young adult women. Methods In-depth interviews were conducted with a sample ( n = 50) of recently HPV vaccinated and unvaccinated college women, and stratified by four relationship categories. Comparative thematic analysis was used to assess relationship status and HPV risk perceptions. Results Women in relationships perceived their risk of HPV to be low, which they attributed to monogamy and few sexual partners. Women in dating relationships reported higher HPV risk, which was linked to unprotected sex and sexual activity. In contrast, single women stated that their low risk for HPV was due to sexual inactivity. Conclusions This study builds on the epidemiological literature, by understanding how relationship status impacts HPV vaccination among young adult women. Relationship status contributed to HPV risk perceptions and vaccination decisions among these women. Perceptions were framed based on sexual behavior, such as monogamy or number of sexual partners. Future efforts should tailor health messages to young adult women's specific risk misperceptions about HPV.
Surplus/event/performance: criticism as performative enactment

Robert L. Ivie, “The Performance of Rhetorical Knowledge,” Quarterly Journal of Speech 80, no. 2 (1994)Robert Ivie invites us to consider rhetorical criticism as a performative enactment that inven...
Adaptive control for a class of nonlinear systems with output constraints and actuator faults

In this paper, we present a novel adaptive fault tolerant control (FTC) scheme for a class of nonlinear systems with actuator faults and constraint requirement on the system output tracking error. The gain functions of the nonlinear systems under discussion can be unknown and state dependent, without assuming any known information for the lower and upper bounds of the gain functions as well as the actuator faults. We show that under the proposed adaptive FTC scheme, exponential convergence of the output tracking error into a small set around zero is guaranteed, while the constraint requirement on the system output tracking error will not be violated during operation. An illustrative example is presented to further demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.
Correlation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation profile with computed tomography (CT) imaging features in lung adenocarcinomas.

7542 Background: Imaging studies provide essential clinical information for lung cancer diagnosis, treatment and management. Features such as ground glass opacity (GGO) or internal air bronchogram ...
Distinguishing technologies for social interaction: The perceived social affordances of communication channels scale

ABSTRACTThe concept of affordances in communication technology research has proven to be heuristically provocative, yet perceived affordances are rarely measured. After extracting commonly cited social affordances from the literature, we developed a measure to assess participants’ perceptions of these affordances. The scale was tested across eight communication channels in two studies (face-to-face; texting; phone; email; posts on social networking sites, specifically Facebook; instant messaging; Skype videoconferencing; and mobile app Snapchat). A factor structure was developed in Study 1 and confirmed in Study 2. The resultant Perceived Social Affordances of Communication Channels Scale includes 41 items measuring 10 communicative affordances: accessibility, bandwidth, social presence, privacy, network association, personalization, persistence, editability, conversation control, and anonymity. Potential methodological and theoretical applications are discussed.
Energy-efficient ULF/VLF transmitters based on mechanically-rotating dipoles

We describe the design of miniaturized power-efficient ULF/VLF (0.3–30kHz) transmitters for underground and undersea wireless communications based on the mechanical rotation of permanently-polarized dipoles. The concept is validated using both theoretical analysis and simulations. Moreover, an integrated design and control strategy is proposed to overcome the resulting electromagnetic and mechanical design challenges.
Simultaneous Measurement of Size and Two-Velocity Components of Large Droplets in a Two-Phase Flow by Laser-Doppler Anemometry

An optical technique is hereby reported for the in situ simultaneous measurement of size and two velocity components of droplets larger than the smaller dimension of the optical measuring volume in a dilute (liquid fraction smaller than about 6 to 7 percent) liquid-gas two-phase dispersed flow. It is based on the full integration of optical gating for droplet sizing with a two-dimensional reference-mode laser-Doppler anemometry. Results have been obtained for a validation experiment using a string of water droplets, in otherwise still air, which have two predominant velocity components.
Multisystem Analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Reveals Kinase-Dependent Remodeling of the Pathogen-Environment Interface.

Tuberculosis is the leading killer among infectious diseases worldwide. Increasing multidrug resistance has prompted new approaches for tuberculosis drug development, including targeted inhibition of virulence determinants and of signaling cascades that control many downstream pathways. We used a multisystem approach to determine the effects of a potent small-molecule inhibitor of the essential Mycobacterium tuberculosis Ser/Thr protein kinases PknA and PknB. We observed differential levels of phosphorylation of many proteins and extensive changes in levels of gene expression, protein abundance, cell wall lipids, and intracellular metabolites. The patterns of these changes indicate regulation by PknA and PknB of several pathways required for cell growth, including ATP synthesis, DNA synthesis, and translation. These data also highlight effects on pathways for remodeling of the mycobacterial cell envelope via control of peptidoglycan turnover, lipid content, a SigE-mediated envelope stress response, transmembrane transport systems, and protein secretion systems. Integrated analysis of phosphoproteins, transcripts, proteins, and lipids identified an unexpected pathway whereby threonine phosphorylation of the essential response regulator MtrA decreases its DNA binding activity. Inhibition of this phosphorylation is linked to decreased expression of genes for peptidoglycan turnover, and of genes for mycolyl transferases, with concomitant changes in mycolates and glycolipids in the cell envelope. These findings reveal novel roles for PknA and PknB in regulating multiple essential cell functions and confirm that these kinases are potentially valuable targets for new antituberculosis drugs. In addition, the data from these linked multisystems provide a valuable resource for future targeted investigations into the pathways regulated by these kinases in the M. tuberculosis cell.IMPORTANCE Tuberculosis is the leading killer among infectious diseases worldwide. Increasing drug resistance threatens efforts to control this epidemic; thus, new antitubercular drugs are urgently needed. We performed an integrated, multisystem analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis responses to inhibition of its two essential serine/threonine protein kinases. These kinases allow the bacterium to adapt to its environment by phosphorylating cellular proteins in response to extracellular signals. We identified differentially phosphorylated proteins, downstream changes in levels of specific mRNA and protein abundance, and alterations in the metabolite and lipid content of the cell. These results include changes previously linked to growth arrest and also reveal new roles for these kinases in regulating essential processes, including growth, stress responses, transport of proteins and other molecules, and the structure of the mycobacterial cell envelope. Our multisystem data identify PknA and PknB as promising targets for drug development and provide a valuable resource for future investigation of their functions.
Self interference cancellation for bandwidth optimization on satellite communications

In this paper, a novel self-interference cancellation receiver is proposed to maximize the spectrum utilization for satellite communications. To the best of our knowledge, the proposed system is the first system that performs self-interference cancellation without the estimation of the signal parameters (frequency, phase, and gain offsets) and without the generation of the self-interfering signal. Correlation Receiver is used for the demodulation process followed by a subtracter to cancel the self-interfering in-phase and quadrature phase components at each earth station of a two way Very Small Aperture Terminal (VSAT) satellite communication link. The proposed technique achieves more than 50% saving of the bandwidth of the space segment over the traditional transmission. Simulation results show that the receiver performance in terms of Bit Error Rate (BER) versus the signal to noise ratio (SNR) at the Maximum Likelihood (ML) detector output of each link is almost the same as the case of using two different transmit frequencies. Besides to the reliable performance, the proposed method simplifies the receiver at each earth station.
Differences Between Florida and the Rest of the United States in Response to Local Transmission of the Zika Virus: Implications for Future Communication Campaigns

For those at risk for Zika virus infection, prevention requires an approach that includes individual, interpersonal, and community-level support for behavior change. In August 2016, the announcement of local Zika transmission in Florida provided an opportunity to determine whether Zika-related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors might be affected differentially in Florida compared to the rest of the nation. From August 8-October 3, 2016, we conducted nationally representative weekly surveys (N = 12,236), oversampling Florida residents, measuring Zika virus news exposure, knowledge about transmission and prevention of the infection, and attitudes and behaviors toward prevention. We tested two classes of models: those focused on individual Zika risk perceptions (e.g., protection motivation theory) and one focused on community action beyond those directly at risk (social consensus model). Analyses assessed differences between Florida and the rest of the nation by survey week. Consistent with both models, Floridians demonstrated significantly higher levels of perceived susceptibility and knowledge, more positive attitudes toward Zika virus prevention, and higher likelihood of engaging in protective behavior than non-Floridians. Consistent with theories of individual risk perception, response was greater among respondents who saw themselves at risk of infection. However, consistent with the SCM, irrespective of personal risk, response was greater among Floridians. Nevertheless, more than half of the public took no direct action to prevent the spread of Zika. Communities at increased risk for a novel infection such as Zika may quickly acquire Zika-related knowledge, attitudes, and behavior, but large-scale community-wide response might be difficult without further community-level public education.
ANOMALIES OF THE NEGATIVE PLATE IN THE LEAD–ACID BATTERY

Microscopic examination of negatives from different manufacturers disclosed anomalies with present concepts. Formation yielded intermediate growth of dendritic lead sulfate crystals, clearly the result of electrolytic action. Such crystals were not always completely converted to lead during formation. Charge-discharge cycling converted lead dendritic crystals to smaller granular particles which became encapsulated in lead sulfate that did not dissolve completely with each charge cycle but increased in thickness with time. Two distinct forms of lead sulfate were observed in cycled or overcharged negatives.
The Blackness of Black: Color Categories as Situated Practice

In what remains one of the central accomplishments of cognitive anthropology, Berlin and Kay (1969) demonstrated that the diversity of human color systems was built on a universal infrastructure, with black and white being the most basic colors in all systems. The analytical focus of their work is a structural system divorced from the messy tasks of actually using color terms to make relevant distinctions within specific courses of action situated within the concrete settings that constitute the lifeworld of a particular society. By way of contrast, Wittgenstein’s later philosophy argues that it is precisely such endogenous activities that provide the necessary framework for the analysis of human language. Using as data videotape of chemists attempting to determine when to stop a reaction by deciding when the material they are working with is jet black, this chapter explores (1) the diverse practices they deploy to establish what can count as black; (2) how such a distinction is embedded within a local activity system lodged in turn within a relevant community of practice; and (3) the embodied apprenticeship required for new members to become competent in the use of such a category. For the chemists, jet black (e.g., the most prototypical example of black) is not a preformulated, context-free universal color category, but instead a problematic judgment to be artfully accomplished through the deployment of a collection of systematic work practices. This analysis contributes to the development of a practice-based theory of knowledge and action.
Individual Determinants of Foreign Aid Support: Do Individuals Think Like States?

Do the determinants of individual support for foreign aid mirror the apparent motives behind state giving? Current theories on why states give foreign aid focus on state-level factors highlighting three main motivations: altruistic, strategic, and economic. This work examines whether these factors also predict individual attitudes about foreign aid in donor countries. To investigate this question, I use data from the second wave of the World Values Survey to perform a cross-national analysis of public opinion in donor countries. I explore the strategic hypothesis more rigorously by using data from the CCES survey administered in the United States around the November 2010 election. Questions about domestic welfare preference, class membership and education, and strategic concerns are assessed as predictors of support for foreign aid and tests of the state-level factors at the individual level. My results confirm that altruistic variables are universally good predictors of support for foreign aid, along with variables such as political interest and trust in government. Findings on the strategic and economic hypotheses are more mixed. While the economic hypothesis is confirmed cross-nationally, economic self-interest seems to play no role in determining attitudes in the American sample. Conversely, the strategic hypothesis is rejected cross-nationally, but it finds support among American respondents. These results raise a puzzle for future research about the apparent disconnect between strategic and economic state-level motivations for foreign aid and the more altruistic determinants of individual support.
Poster: Incremental UML for Agile Development with PREXEL

UML creates useful visualizations but they become monolithic, complex, and expensive to maintain. In agile development, documentation is secondary, which discourages the use of UML even further. We introduce an in-code, just-in-time, maintainable approach to UML, supported by a tool called PREXEL. PREXEL minimizes interruptions in coding by allowing concise in-line specifications which automatically synthesize in-code graphical ASCII class models, class and method skeletons, and class relationships.
Standing Tall on Their Shoulders: Essential Eponyms in Shoulder Surgery:

There has been enormous advancement in the field of shoulder surgery since its initial establishment as a subspecialty. This is due in large part to the numerous contributions made by clinicians wh...
Stepfamily Closeness and Depression Among American Indian Emerging Adults: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach:

Stepfamilies are one of the fastest growing family structures among all racial groups in the United States. Stepfamily research among many racial groups, specifically American Indians, is virtually...
Teachers' Text Selections and Explanations about Text Selection and Use in History/Social Studies.

This study explores texts used in four 7th-11th grade teachers’ history/social studies lessons and these teachers’ perspectives about the texts. Specifically, data from interview and observation fi...
Quantifying Ecological Integrity of Terrestrial Systems to Inform Management of Multiple-Use Public Lands in the United States

The concept of ecological integrity has been applied widely to management of aquatic systems, but still is considered by many to be too vague and difficult to quantify to be useful for managing terrestrial systems, particularly across broad areas. Extensive public lands in the western United States are managed for diverse uses such as timber harvest, livestock grazing, energy development, and wildlife conservation, some of which may degrade ecological integrity. We propose a method for assessing ecological integrity on multiple-use lands that identifies the components of integrity and levels in the ecological hierarchy where the assessment will focus, and considers existing policies and management objectives. Both natural reference and societally desired environmental conditions are relevant comparison points. We applied the method to evaluate the ecological integrity of shrublands in Nevada, yielding an assessment based on six indicators of ecosystem structure, function, and composition, including resource- and stressor-based indicators measured at multiple scales. Results varied spatially and among indicators. Invasive plant cover and surface development were highest in shrublands in northwest and southeast Nevada. Departure from reference conditions of shrubland area, composition, patch size, and connectivity was highest in central and northern Nevada. Results may inform efforts to control invasive species and restore shrublands on federal lands in Nevada. We suggest that ecological integrity assessments for multiple-use lands be grounded in existing policies and monitoring programs, incorporate resource- and stressor-based metrics, rely on publicly available data collected at multiple spatial scales, and quantify both natural reference and societally desired resource conditions.
Pastoralist refugee crisis tests the resilience of open property regime in the Logone Floodplain, Cameroon

Previous studies have shown that the open property regime of mobile pastoralists in the Logone Floodplain, Cameroon works as a complex adaptive system in which individual movement decisions result in an ideal free distribution of grazing pressure over common-pool grazing resources. Recently, the humanitarian crisis in the Chad Basin caused by Boko Haram has resulted in the arrival of thousands of pastoralist refugees from Northeastern Nigeria in the Far North Region of Cameroon. In this paper, we examine the impact of pastoralist refugees on the resilience of the open property regime. First, we describe the migratory flight of pastoralists. Second, we examine whether and how the pastoralist refugee crisis affected the open property regime, in particular the distribution of pastoralists over grazing resources. Data were collected in a longitudinal and interdisciplinary study that integrated spatial and ethnographic approaches to describe and explain the distribution of pastoralists in the Logone Floodplain from 2008 to 2016. The results show that the number of pastoralist refugees from Nigeria exceeds 1000 households with an estimated 100,000 cattle. However, despite the large number of pastoralist refugees, we continue to find evidence of an ideal free distribution of pastoralists over grazing resources in the Logone Floodplain. Moreover, we found that pastoralists, while frustrated by the increasing grazing pressure, remained committed to the ethos of open access. The study offers evidence of the resilience of the open property regime and we discuss the reasons for the resilience of this complex adaptive system using the concept of panarchy.
Mirtazapine for the Treatment of Chronic Pruritus.

Background: Chronic pruritus is a debilitating condition associated with a wide range of dermatologic, systemic and psychogenic etiologies. In patients with chronic pruritus that is refractory to conventional therapy, symptoms can significantly decrease quality of life by contributing to anxiety, sleep disturbances, and in many cases depression. Recent studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of mirtazapine in relieving chronic itch that is refractory to standard first-line therapies. Methods: We searched PubMed for English-language articles containing the words (“pruritus” or “itch”) AND “antidepressant” and then conducted a systematic review of the current literature to summarize the efficacy of mirtazapine in treating chronic itch. Results: All studies reported a reduction in itch intensity following the administration of mirtazapine. Conclusion: Collectively, these studies suggest the potential for mirtazapine to relieve chronic itch attributed to dermatological causes and malignancies. As, such mirtazapine may be an option for patients with chronic pruritus that is refractory to typical first-line treatments.
A 10-Year Warm-Season Climatology of Horizontal Convective Rolls and Cellular Convection in Central Oklahoma

AbstractHorizontal convective rolls (HCRs) and cellular convection (cells) are frequently observed within the planetary boundary layer. Yet understanding of the evolution, seasonal variation, and c...