cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A national probability survey of American Medical Association gynecologists and primary care physicians concerning menopause

Objective This survey intended to clarify physicians' understanding of the issues surrounding women, menopause, alternative medicine, and drug therapy for the treatment of menopause. Study design This study was designed as a national probability sample survey of primary care physicians and gynecologists nationwide. Its focus was to identify major concerns and issues identified by patients about menopause and perceived communication with effectiveness how to communicate with their patients. Physicians were also asked to rate their comfort level in recommending the use of herbal remedies and which herbal remedy they felt comfortable recommending to interested patients. Results Data indicated that a patient's complaint about menopausal symptoms was the most common factor leading to discussion of menopausal issues with physicians (91%) and that the primary concern to the patient was management of menopausal symptoms. Other factors were controversies about hormone replacement therapy, long-term health implications of menopause, and hormone replacement therapy. Eighty percent of the physician found confusing messages with regard to menopause to be the most challenging aspect in patient communication. The second most challenging issue is "inconclusive data about hormone replacement therapy" (56%). Seventy-six percent of the physicians found "showing sympathy" to be the most important factor for the physicians to communicate effectively with patients, whereas "being honest and open" was the most important patient attitude cited for the same purpose. When it comes to herbal therapy for menopause symptom control, only 4% of the physicians indicated that none of their patients take any remedies. Only 18% were not very comfortable in discussing or recommending herbal therapies, whereas the rest ranged from fairly comfortable to completely comfortable. Conclusion This study has provided data with regard to physician understanding of menopause treatment options and their primary interaction with patients on this issue. More in-depth studies concerning efficacy and/or side effects of each available treatment will be the relevant next step, given the controversies about both hormone replacement therapy and alternative therapies. The relative efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness of different treatments should also be put into the context of both clinical diagnosis and physicians' clinical judgment. Attention to comments by physicians and patients with regard to communication may produce better information exchange and trust between patient and physician.
The Changing Design Landscape

This sidebar explains that the burden of enabling Moore's law to continue is gradually moving from the process technologists to the designers. As technology moves from 65 nm to 22 nm, the number of transistors on a big chip will go from approximately 2 billion to 15 billion. Technology scaling and the manufacturing process come with higher variations in transistors both locally and globally on a chip. Moreover, the large number of components on a single chip will lead to reliability, aging, and defect limitations that could no longer be eliminated through margins or overdesign. They must be detected and compensated without affecting the performance goals of the chip. The research direction of the GSRC is aimed at solutions to these obstacles, for the continued advancement of system performance needs.
Covalently linked RNA-DNA molecule as initial product of RNA tumour virus DNA polymerase.

Reverse transcriptase from avian myeloblastosis virus initially synthesizes from endogenous RNA template a covalently linked DNA–RNA species, which Verma et al. suggest contains a small RNA primer molecule.
Cultural Diversity in the School: Implications for Principals.

A profile of African American students places in context a subsequent discussion about the implications of the cultural diversity in schools. Implications for principals and suggestions for realing with the increasingly diverse population are offered.
Precision engineered semimetal-semiconductor diodes for mm-wave and THz rectifiers

Small signal detection of upper mm-wave (>100 GHz) and sub mm (up to 1 THz) radiation has become a topic of great interest. This work presents a new room-temperature zero-bias rectifier that significantly simplifies detector design, mitigates current induced flicker and burst noise, and eliminates bias circuitry and related noise, leading to an inexpensive square-law detector with noise floor /spl sim/10/sup -12/ W/Hz/sup 1/2./ Our devices are all epitaxial MBE grown rectifier diodes consisting of an ErAs semimetal film grown in-situ on Si-doped InAlGaAs on InP substrates. The small lattice mismatch (2.1 %) in this material system allows the ErAs to be grown as a dislocation-free single crystal for sufficiently thin layers over semiconductor epi-layers. The contact is thermodynamically stable, robust, and eliminates the possibility of oxide formation at the Schottky interface.
Fatigue-crack propagation in gamma-based titanium aluminide alloys at large and small crack sizes

Most evaluations of the fracture and fatigue-crack propagation properties of γ + α2 titanium aluminide alloys to date have been performed using standard "large-crack" samples, e.g., compact-tension specimens containing crack sizes which are on the order of tens of millimeters, i.e., large compared to microstructural dimensions. However, these alloys have been targeted for applications, such as blades in gas-turbine engines, where relevant crack sizes are much smaller ( 5 mm) and small (c ∼ 25–300 µm) cracks in a γ-TiAl based alloy, of composition Ti-47A1–2Nb-2Cr-0.2B (at%), specifically for duplex (average grain size ∼17 µm) and refined lamellar (average colony size ∼150 µm) microstructures. It is found that, whereas the lamellar microstructure displays far superior fracture toughness and fatigue-crack growth resistance in the presence of large cracks, in small-crack testing the duplex microstructure exhibits a better combination of properties. The reasons for such contrasting behavior are examined in terms of the intrinsic and extrinsic (i.e., crack bridging) contributions to cyclic crack advance.
The role of municipal officials in telephone system development: San Francisco, 1893-1915

The San Francisco Board of Supervisors employed several different strategies in its attempt to secure better telephone service in the city between 1893 and 1915. By describing these different strategies for addressing the problem of monopoly privilege (high rates, poor service, and municipal corruption), this paper illuminates the involvement of municipal politicians in determining the dynamics of telephone system development in San Francisco during the Progressive Era.
Changes in the enzymatic constitution of the ventral prostate gland induced by androgenic hormones.

SOME enzymatic activities in intact and broken cell preparations of canine and human prostate tissue have been investigated by Barron and Huggins (1944, 1946, a, b). The striking effects of androgens on the respiration of canine prostate (Barron and Huggins, 1944) have also been demonstrated in the ventral prostate gland of the rat (Nyden and Williams-Ashman, 1953). The enzymatic constitution of the latter organ is relatively unexplored. Davis, Meyer and McShan (1949) have measured the succinic oxidase and cytochrome oxidase activities of this tissue and Awapara (1952 a) has reported measurements of certain transaminase activities. Rudolph and Starnes (1952) have studied the oxidation of acetate-1-C14 by rat prostate slices. This paper will describe measurements of the activity of a number of enzymes in the rat ventral prostate and changes in these values induced by androgens. In view of the postulated absence of the tricarboxylic acid cycle in prostatic tissue (Rudolph and Starnes, 1952; Awapara, 1952 b)
Submodule Integrated Distributed Maximum Power Point Tracking for Solar Photovoltaic Applications

This paper explores the benefits of distributed power electronics in solar photovoltaic applications through the use of submodule integrated maximum power point trackers (MPPT). We propose a system architecture that provides a substantial increase in captured energy during partial shading conditions, while at the same time enabling significant overall cost reductions. This is achieved through direct integration of miniature MPPT power converters into existing junction boxes. We describe the design and implementation of a high-efficiency (>;98%) synchronous buck MPPT converter, along with digital control techniques that ensure both local and global maximum power extraction. Through detailed experimental measurements under real-world conditions, we verify the increase in energy capture and quantify the benefits of the architecture.
Optical communications research and technology: Fiber optics

The current state of the art of fiber optics components is reviewed and projected uses of fiber optical technology are detailed. A brief discussion is presented describing the fundamentals of light guiding and the factors which affect the performance of light guides. Current fiber Optics capabilities in terms of attenuation, information capacity, fiber strength and fabrication are discussed. The status of optical cables, sources, detectors, and couplers is presented, and proposed and demonstrated systems are described. Trends in the development of fiber optics are outlined, and discussion and comparisons are given with other technologies which indicate the economic and technical viability of fiber optics. Concluding remarks summarize the technology status and indicate where the technology is expected to find application.
17β-Estradiol Attenuates Hematoma Expansion Through Estrogen Receptor α/Silent Information Regulator 1/Nuclear Factor-kappa B Pathway in Hyperglycemic Intracerebral Hemorrhage Mice

Background and Purpose—17β-estradiol (E2) has been reported to reduce bleeding and brain injury in experimental intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) model. However, it is not clear if E2 can prevent early hematoma expansion (HE) induced by hyperglycemia in acute ICH. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of E2 on HE and its potential mechanisms in hyperglycemic ICH mice. Methods—Two hundred, 8-week-old male CD1 mice were used. ICH was performed by collagenase injection. 50% dextrose (8 mL/kg) was injected intraperitoneally 3 hours after ICH to induce acute HE (normal saline was used as control). The time course of HE was measured 6, 24, and 72 hours after ICH. Two dosages (100 and 300 μg/kg) of E2 were administrated 1 hour after ICH intraperitoneally. Neurobehavioral deficits, hemorrhage volume, blood glucose level, and blood–brain barrier disruption were measured. To study the mechanisms of E2, estrogen receptor α (ERα) inhibitor methyl-piperidino-pyrazole, silent information regulator 1 (Sirt1) siR...
Thiol oxidation causes pulmonary vasodilation by activating K+ channels and inhibiting store-operated Ca2+ channels.

Cellular redox change regulates pulmonary vascular tone by affecting function of membrane and cytoplasmic proteins, enzymes, and second messengers. This study was designed to test the hypothesis th...
Predictability Associated with Nonlinear Regimes in an Atmospheric Model

AbstractAtmospheric regimes are midlatitude flow patterns that persist for periods of time exceeding a few days. Here, the authors analyzed the output of an idealized atmospheric model (QG3) to examine the relationship between regimes and predictability.The regimes were defined as the regions of the QG3 phase subspace characterized by excess persistence probability relative to a benchmark linear empirical model (EMR) for geographically two-dimensional and then zonally averaged flow patterns. The regimes identified correspond to the opposite phases of the Arctic Oscillation (AO+ and AO−) and to a more regional pattern reflecting the positive phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO+).For all of these phase-space regime regions, the leading modes of the QG3 state vector decay to climatology at a slower rate than predicted by the EMR, which contributes to the maintenance of non-Gaussian regime anomalies. Predictable regimes are connected to “regime precursor” regions of the phase space, from which trajec...
Rising Up from the MUD: Inscribing Gender in Software Design

Although the `liberatory' approach to new communications technologies has been, for the most part, called into question by researchers in the humanities and social sciences, who now adopt a more critical relationship with technology, it continues to enjoy explanatory power in the popular press and in software design practices and cultures. According to the liberatory approach, freedom from sexism and other forms of oppression is brought about by something as simple and profound as a change in online handle - a practice known as `gender swapping' (Bruckman, 1993). Yet, as some language theorists have shown (e.g. Herring, 1996), communication in cyberspace also reinforces existing social hierarchies, including gender differences found in face-to-face contexts. Unlike traditional, human-centered studies of computermediated communication and gender, this article treats a series of talking software programs as important objects for studying how software design is also implicated in the construction of gender d...
Factors Associated With Pain Among Ambulatory Patients With Cancer With Advanced Disease at a Comprehensive Cancer Center

Purpose: The prevalence and severity of pain have not been well described among oncology patients in ambulatory care. To better understand the burden of pain among patients with advanced cancer, we examined the prevalence of pain reported during office and treatment visits. Methods: A retrospective study of 4,014 patients with advanced disease (stage 4 at diagnosis or metastatic progression) who completed an ambulatory visit between 2004 and 2006 was conducted at a comprehensive cancer center in Boston, Massachusetts. Results: At their first visit during the study period, 74% of patients reported no pain (0 score); 12%, low pain (1 to 3 score); 9%, moderate pain (4 to 6 score); and 5%, severe pain (7 to 10 score). The prevalence of pain was highest among patients who wereyoungerthan60yearsofage,werenonwhite,didnotspeak English as their primary language, or were covered by Medicaid, received free care, or paid their own health care costs. Patients with thoracic, breast, and head and neck cancers had higher pain scores than those with other diseases. Pain was reported more frequently among patients whose diagnosis or metastatic progression occurred less than 3 months before the reported pain score. In multivariable regression analysis, age, race, cancer type, and time since diagnosis/progression were identified as important factors associated with severe pain. Conclusion: Younger age, minority race, and recent onset of advanced disease are associated with severe pain among patients with cancer. Recognizing these high-risk groups could inform targeted interventions to address pain care in ambulatory patients with advanced cancer.
A NOVEL APPROACH TO TREATING PLANTAR FASCIITIS - EFFECTS OF PRIMAL REFLEX RELEASE TECHNIQUE: A CASE SERIES.

Background/purpose Plantar fasciitis (PF), a common condition affecting physically active individuals, is typically treated with orthotics, two to four months of stretching programs, and/or surgery. Primal Reflex Release Technique™ (PRRT) is thought to reduce over-arousal of the nervous system through down-regulation of the primal reflexes. The technique has been suggested as a novel treatment method for patients suffering from PF. The purpose of this case series was to examine the effects of PRRT on patients with PF. Description of cases The PRRT technique was applied in eight consecutive cases of PF in physically active subjects. The Numeric Pain Rating Scale, the Disability in the Physically Active (DPA) Scale, and the Patient Specific Functional Scale (PSFS) were administered to identify patient-reported pain and dysfunction. Outcomes Primal Reflex Release Technique (PRRT) was an effective treatment for subjects with either acute or chronic PF. The use of the PRRT treatment resulted in an average reduction in plantar fascia pain across all subjects that was both statistically significant and clinically following a single treatment. Statistically and clinically significant improvements on averaged measures of function, such as the DPA Scale and PSFS, were also found over the course of treatment. Discussion In this case series, the use of PRRT produced positive changes in terms of improvements in reported pain and dysfunction and a shorter time to resolution, when compared to traditional treatment methods for PF reported in the literature. Subjects who undergo PRRT treatment for both acute and chronic PF may experience reduction in pain and improvement of function that exceeds what is experienced in traditional conservative therapy programs found in the available literature. Clinicians should consider the regional interdependence model in order to identify underlying related factors when evaluating and treating PF. The autonomic nervous system may play a role in the perception of pain and should be addressed during treatment. Level of evidence Level 4 - case series.
Assessing economic reform: insights from intra-industry trade flows

Measured against its central European neighbors, Ukraine has experienced a less than successful path to the reform and integration of its economy since independence. Corruption has continued at an elevated level and annual output growth has been uneven and anemic. Given its geographic position on the edge of the former Soviet Union and the persistence of domestic political schisms, such feeble results might be expected. This paper examines the development of Ukraine's intra-industry trade links with EU partners, in light of its established ties to Russia, as a measure and predictor of the strength of its reform efforts. Its progress is measured against that of its immediate western neighbor: Slovakia. The use of intra-industry trade, as an indicator of both demand and supply side constraints, might reveal the degree to which Ukrainian and Slovak economic considerations have compelled the adoption of reforms. A key economic consideration is the preference for reform and enhanced integration with the EU versus the protection of incumbent interests and links with traditional trading partners. An exploration of developments in Slovak and Ukraine intra-industry trade provides an indication of which factor currently dominates.
Analysis of a Combined Cycle Plant Using a Small Particle Receiver to Drive a Primary Brayton Cycle

All current commercial CSP plants operate at relatively low thermodynamic efficiency due to lower temperatures than similar conventional plants and due to the fact that they all employ Rankine conversion cycles. We present here an investigation on the effects of adding a bottoming steam power cycle to a hybrid CSP plant based on a Small Particle Heat Exchange Receiver (SPHER) driving a gas turbine as the primary cycle. Due to the high operating temperature of the SPHER being considered (over 1000 Celsius), the exhaust air from the primary Brayton cycle still contains a tremendous amount of exergy. While in the previous analysis this fluid was only used in a recuperator to preheat the Brayton working fluid, the current analysis explores the potential power and efficiency gains from instead directing the exhaust fluid through a heat exchanger to power a Rankine steam cycle. Not only do we expect the efficiency of this model to be competitive with conventional power plants, but the water consumption per kilowatt-hour will also be reduced by nearly two thirds as compared to most existing concentrating solar thermal power plants as a benefit of having air as the primary working fluid, which eliminates the condensation step present in Rankine-cycle systems.Coupling a new steam cycle model with the gas-turbine CSP model previously developed at SDSU, a wide range of cases were run to explore options for maximizing both power and efficiency from the proposed CSP combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT) plant. Due to the generalized nature of the bottoming cycle modeling, and the varying nature of solar power, special consideration had to be given to the behavior of the heat exchanger and Rankine cycle in off-design scenarios. The trade-offs of removing the recuperator for preheating the primary fluid are compared to potential overall power and efficiency gains in the combined cycle case.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Embedding Incomplete Latin Squares

(1960). Embedding Incomplete Latin Squares. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 67, No. 10, pp. 958-961.
The Skeptical Environmentalist: Senator Barry Goldwater and the Environmental Management State

AbstractFor much of American history, environmental protection and federal power have been two peas in a pod. This was especially true after World War II, as economic prosperity created a vast midd...
Music and Ternary Continued Fractions

(1948). Music and Ternary Continued Fractions. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 55, No. 9, pp. 545-555.
Prolonged application of interferon and "aging" of human diploid fibroblasts.

Conclusions and SummaryThe presence of constant low levels of interferon in the growth medium does not affect the ability of primary human foreskin cells to establish themselves in tissue culture. In addition, continuous exposure of human foreskin fibroblasts to up to 12 units/ml of human interferon does not alter the limited lifespan of these cells in vitro (7). Cells continuously exposed to these levels of interferon are still able to respond normally and in a linear fashion to dilutions of interferon by becoming resistant to virus challenge.No change in the ability to produce interferon in response to poly I:C was noted in continuous-interferon cell lines. Production of interferon in response to NDV challenge was unaltered by cells exposed to a constant 5 units/ml of interferon, but exposure to 12 units/ml caused moderately reduced yields.
Child Abuser’s Threats and Grooming Techniques

“Grooming” (also known as “entrapment,” “engagement,” “subjection,” etc.) is the seduction stage which can precede incidences of child sexual abuse (e.g., Elliott, Browne, & Kilcoyne, Child Abuse & Neglect, 19(5), 579–594, 1995; Conte, Wolf, & Smith, Child Abuse & Neglect, 13(2), 293–301, 1989; Budin & Johnson, Child Abuse & Neglect, 13, 77–87, 1989; Burgess & Holmstrom, The sexual victimology of youth, Charles C Thomas, Springfield, IL, pp. 67–82, 1980). During this stage, child molesters may use various techniques which function to gain access to the child, increase the child’s compliance with the sexual abuse and also decrease the likelihood of the child disclosing the abuse to anyone. Child abusers may also use threats during the grooming process and subsequently during the abuse to keep the child compliant as well as prevent the child from disclosing (e.g., Elliott, Browne, & Kilcoyne, Child Abuse & Neglect, 19(5), 579–594, 1995; Faller, Journal of Family Violence, 3(4), 283–298, 1988). This chapter will review the empirical literature regarding what is known about grooming and threatening techniques, as well as provide suggestions on what to look for in a forensic interview regarding evidence of grooming.
Quantitative Analysis of the Transient Interaction between Large-Scale Photovoltaic Plant and Grid

Focusing on the system stability of large-scale photovoltaic(PV) plants connected to the grid,this paper establishes a complete electromechanical transient model of grid-connected PV plant on FASTEST(fast analysis of stability using the extended equal area criterion and simulation technologies,a power system transient security quantitative analysis software).Based on FASTEST's unique transient security quantitative analysis,simulations are conducted for two typical cases: the PV plant was covered by cloud,and disturbance occurred on the system side.Studies are conducted to analyze the different impacts of the PV pant and the conventional power plant on the grid operation in terms of the system transient angle stability,transient voltage stability and transient frequency stability.The results show that,with the PV plant connected to the grid,the system transient frequency stability is most severely affected.Compared with a synchronous generator with excitation and governor system,the PV plant has a more remarkable transient response when a fault occurs on the grid side.
Investigation on an outbreak of vomiting in kindergarten

[Objective]By analyzing the investigation and treatment of vomiting outbreak in a kindergarten in Xinluo District of Longyan City,to explore the measures and strategies for preventing such incidents.[Methods]The epidemiological investigation was conducted in children with vomiting.The food samples from canteen,water samples of secondary water supply,mineral water,vomitus and rectal swabs of children were collected and tested.[Results]The attack rate of kindergarten children was 5.7%(26/456).Cerea spore bacilli were detected from some food samples and vomitus.The total bacteria counts and total coliform bacteria in mineral water exceeded the limit,and those in water samples of secondary water supply were qualified.[Conclusion]The main reason of the outbreak of gastrointestinal infection is food contamination.
Joint congestion control and routing optimization: an efficient second-order distributed approach

Distributed joint congestion control and routing optimization has received a significant amount of attention recently. To date, however, most of the existing schemes follow a key idea called the back-pressure algorithm. Despite having many salient features, the first-order subgradient nature of the back-pressure based schemes results in slow convergence and poor delay performance. To overcome these limitations, in this paper, we make a first attempt at developing a second-order joint congestion control and routing optimization framework that offers utility-optimality, queue-stability, fast convergence, and low delay. Our contributions in this paper are three-fold: i) we propose a new second-order joint congestion control and routing framework based on a primal-dual interior-point approach; ii) we establish utility-optimality and queue-stability of the proposed second-order method; and iii) we show how to implement the proposed second-order method in a distributed fashion.
Chapter 9 – Biopsy Prophylaxis, Technique, Complications, and Repeat Biopsies

The majority of prostate biopsies are performed with transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) guidance and tissue sampling, with only a small proportion being done via a transperineal approach. The bacterial colonization of the rectum with gram-negative organisms poses a significant and potentially devastating risk of infection and sepsis during TRUS biopsy. Rates of sepsis after prostate biopsy have been traditionally reported to be 1–3%.
Genotyping HIV-1 and HCV strains by a combinatorial DNA melting assay (COMA).

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HTV-1) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) strains can be genetically classified into genetic lineages known as genetic types or subtypes according to phylogenetic analyses of complete or partial nucleotide sequences of their genomes. The genetic classification of HTV-1 and HCV strains has important implications for the development of globally effective vaccines and for the management of patients. A new method, termed combinatorial DNA melting assay (COMA), allows rapid accessing of comparative genetic information between related DNA sequences, making it possible to rapidly and accurately genotype unknown HIV-1 and HCV strains. COMA is mainly based on the differential melting properties of long DNA heteroduplexes. Combinatorial arrays of DNA heteroduplexes are formed when captured PCR-amplified reference DNA with known nucleotide sequences are combined with solution-phase complementary and antigenically labeled DNA with unknown sequences. Genetic divergence between the known and the unknown sequences is inferred as the experimentally derived melting curves of the two strands of the DNA heteroduplexes increasingly diverge. COMA was successfully applied to the genetic classification of HTV-1 and HCV strains into phylogenetic lineages or subtypes. Use of this assay should accelerate current efforts to understand the global molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 and HCV and may extend to the genetic characterization of other genetically diverse infectious pathogens associated with numerous diseases.
Holiness as friendship with Christ: Teresa of Avila

Teresa of Avila, writing in the 16th century when ideas of holiness often excluded women and lay people, developed a radically inclusive understanding of holiness as friendship with Christ. Her idea also allowed for degrees of holiness, from those who completed only the necessary church requirements of confession and absolution all the way up to those who had a friendship that was modelled upon the relationship in the Song of Songs. It was a definition of holiness applicable to men and women, clergy, members of religious orders, and lay people. In addition, her understanding of holiness did not distinguish the holiness of ordinary lay people from that of the great saints of previous generations, for friendship with Christ was open to all.
A Faded Legacy: Amy Brown Lyman and Mormon Women’s Activism, 1872–1959, by Dave Hall: University of Utah P, 2015

A Faded Legacy: Amy Brown Lyman and Mormon Women’s Activism, 1872–1959, by Dave Hall, takes the reader into the life of Mormon leader Amy Brown Lyman, a compelling woman who was greatly influenced ...
An Economic Feasibility Study on the Research Infrastructure Project for the ICT Device Industry Reliability

The research infrastructure project for the ICT device industry reliability is aimed to secure and establish the reliability of the ICT device industry, reinforce the competitiveness of domestic ICT device companies and expand their growth power in domestic and global markets. It is necessary to enhance and expand test and evaluation services for the domestic devices developed by small and medium-sized companies such as bench-mark test, certification test, function and performance verification test, delivery test and development assistance in improving the entrance of domestic ICT devices into the global market and their reliability, and it is imperative to establish the test evaluation infrastructure. The purpose of this study is to implement an economic feasibility study on this project of the research infrastructure for the ICT device industry reliability. The result of the economic feasibility analysis shows that the cost-benefit ratio (1.510) shown in table 3 is larger than 1, which indicates that it has more benefits than cost. And by the additional what-if analysis, this project shows its economic feasibility.
Electronic Health Record (EHR) Organizational Change: Explaining Resistance Through Profession, Organizational Experience, and EHR Communication Quality

The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act passed by the U.S. government in 2009 mandates that all healthcare organizations adopt a certified electronic health record (EHR) system by 2015. Failure to comply will result in Medicare reimbursement penalties, which steadily increase with each year of delinquency. There are several repercussions of this seemingly top-down, rule-bound organizational change-one of which is employee resistance. Given the penalties for violating EHR meaningful use standards are ongoing, resistance to this mandate presents a serious issue for healthcare organizations. This study surveyed 345 employees in one healthcare organization that recently implemented an EHR. Analysis of variance results offer theoretical and pragmatic contributions by demonstrating physicians, nurses, and employees with more experience in their organization are the most resistant to EHR change. The job characteristics model is used to explain these findings. Hierarchical regression analyses also demonstrate the quality of communication surrounding EHR implementation-from both formal and informal sources-is negatively associated with EHR resistance and positively associated with perceived EHR implementation success and EHR's perceived relative advantage.
Student Attitudes toward Internet Courses: A Longitudinal Study

Educational institutions are exploring the use of the Internet and faculties are integrating Internet resources into their classes. For most courses, the first step is the use of the Internet to deliver traditional course materials such as the course syllabus, the course schedule, handout materials, and lecture slides. Much of this effort will be guided not only by faculty access to and interest in technology but also by the attitudes of students toward this type of course delivery system. This article reports on a three-year longitudinal survey to assess student attitudes toward the use of the Internet to deliver course materials and that this has not changed from 1999 to 2002. However, there has been a shift in student feelings about specific elements dealing with the use of the Internet.
Metaliteracy as Pedagogical Framework for Learner-Centered Design in Three MOOC Platforms: Connectivist, Coursera and Canvas

This article examines metaliteracy as a pedagogical model that leverages the assets of MOOC platforms to enhance self-regulated and self-empowered learning. Between 2013 and 2015, a collaborative teaching team within the State University of New York (SUNY) developed three MOOCs on three different platforms—connectivist, Coursera and Canvas—to engage with learners about metaliteracy. As a reframing of information literacy, metaliteracy envisions the learner as an active and metacognitive producer of digital information in online communities and social media environments (Mackey & Jacobson, 2011; 2014). This team of educators, which constitutes the core of the Metaliteracy Learning Collaborative, used metaliteracy as a lens for applied teaching and learning strategies in the development of a cMOOC and two xMOOCs. The metaliteracy MOOCs pushed against the dominant trends of lecture-based, automated MOOC design towards a more learner-centered pedagogy that aligns with key components of metaliteracy.
On Lyapunov-Krasovskii Characterizations of Input-to-Output Stability

Abstract This work concerns with several notions on output stability in the framework of input-to-state stability for systems affected by time-delays. These notions extend the notion of input-to-state stability to the case when output variables, not necessarily the full set of state variables, are considered for stability properties. The main results provide equivalent Lyapunov-Krasovskii characterizations for the input-to-output stability property.
Genome-Wide Perspectives on Vitamin D Receptor–Mediated Control of Gene Expression in Target Cells

Abstract The actions of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 (1,25(OH) 2 D 3 ) are mediated in target cells by the vitamin D receptor (VDR), a member of the steroid receptor family of transcription factors. In this chapter, we describe briefly the discovery of the VDR and outline early studies that defined its biochemical, molecular biological, and cellular properties and functions. We then present more recent studies using newly developed methodologies operable on a genome-wide scale that have not only confirmed many of these early studies but also revealed a series of new principles through which the VDR operates in target tissues. These studies, in addition, have identified in significant detail novel mechanisms through which the VDR functions to regulate very specific genes important to bone physiology. We then describe the structure and regulation of the VDR gene itself and outline the utility of using large mouse and human transgenes both in vitro and in vivo to understand both normal and mutant VDR function. We close with the creation of a novel human disease model that recreates the phenotype of hereditary 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 -resistant rickets without alopecia.
Acute Heart Failure Is an Event Rather Than a Disease: Plea for a Radical Change in Thinking and in Therapeutic Drug Development

Ask 10 cardiologists to describe the syndrome of acute heart failure, and you will receive 50 wrong answers. Is it a sudden catastrophic event or some ill-defined combination of changing signs and symptoms? Are the mechanisms of the disease understood, and are they amenable to treatment? What are
The use of acute normovolemic hemodilution in paediatric cardiac surgery

Background Acute normovolemic hemodilution (ANH) is considered safe and effective in decreasing perioperative transfusion in paediatric populations undergoing high blood-loss surgeries. We determined the association between ANH and the intraoperative use of allogeneic blood products in paediatric cardiac surgery patients. Methods This is a single-centre retrospective cohort study including paediatric patients between 0 and 36 months of age undergoing surgical repair or palliation of their cardiac defect with the use of cardiopulmonary bypass between November 2013 and November 2014. Our primary endpoint was the volume per kilogram of body weight of any blood product administered. Secondary endpoints were postoperative bleeding, coagulation profile, creatinine, vasoactive support, duration of mechanical ventilation, and hospital stay. Results In all, 50 patients met eligibility criteria and were included. Of those, seven were exposed to ANH and while 43 patients were treated according to usual care. Baseline characteristics were similar in both groups. After adjustment for baseline characteristics including age, American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) classification, and Risk Adjusted Congenital Heart Surgery score, ANH was associated with reduced administration of allogenic blood products, with the mean difference between groups of 57.5 ml/kg (95% CI: 34.8, 80.2). The ANH group had lower blood losses at 6 and 24 h postoperatively. There were no differences in the duration of ICU or hospital stay. Conclusion We found a reduction in the administration of blood products and lower postoperative blood losses associated with the use of ANH in paediatric cardiac surgery patients. The data suggest that ANH might be beneficial in reducing perioperative morbidity in this patient population.
Simulation nations: Nation brands and Baudrillard’s theory of media:

This article outlines a new perspective on the role of media in nation branding, drawing on Jean Baudrillard’s post-structuralist media theory. I argue that, following Baudrillard, we can see natio...
Solving Equations with Waves in Collections of Mach-Zehnder Interferometers

We present how waves in ensembles of Mach-Zehnder interferometers (MZIs) can be utilized to perform mathematical operations and solve integral equations with kernels that can be reconfigured by adjusting phases in such MZIs.
Synovial Fluid Alpha-Defensin Is an Adjunctive Tool in the Equivocal Diagnosis of Periprosthetic Joint Infection.

Abstract Background Synovial fluid alpha-defensin has shown to be a reliable diagnostic test for the diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI), but its use in equivocal cases has yet to be established. The purpose of this study was to determine the reliability of alpha-defensin testing in patients, where the diagnosis of PJI was unclear. Methods A consecutive series of 41 synovial aspirations by a single surgeon that were sent for alpha-defensin testing in equivocal cases of PJI were retrospectively reviewed. Indications for alpha-defensin testing included recent antibiotic use, borderline synovial fluid cell count, and differential, suspected culture-negative infection, and suspected false-positive culture. PJI was diagnosed using the Musculoskeletal Infection Society (MSIS) criteria. Results Of the 39 aspirations in 32 patients included in the study, there were 33 (85%) knee and 6 (15%) hip samples. Eleven (28%) samples met MSIS criteria for PJI. Of the 23 samples that had recent antibiotic use (6 MSIS positive, 17 negative), alpha-defensin results confirmed the correct MSIS diagnosis in 19 (83%) samples. Of the 11 samples in which alpha-defensin testing was performed for a borderline cell count (3 MSIS positive, 8 negative), alpha-defensin confirmed the MSIS diagnosis in 10 of 11 (91%) samples. Finally, among the 5 samples with suspected false-positive or false-negative cultures (2 MSIS positive, 3 negative), alpha-defensin confirmed the correct diagnosis in 3 (60%) samples. The overall sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, and positive predictive value of synovial alpha-defensin were 82%, 82%, 92%, and 64%, respectively. Conclusion In patients for whom the diagnosis of PJI is unclear because of recent antibiotic use, equivocal laboratory findings, or suspected false-negative or false-positive cultures, synovial fluid alpha-defensin can provide an additional data point to assist the clinician in determining whether PJI is present but is prone to false-positive results in this challenging population.
Longitudinal Studies of the Relation of Programmer Expertise and Role-expressiveness to Program Comprehension

Theories of expert program comprehension generally fall into one of two categories: bottom-up or top-down. While evidence exists to support both types of theories, we propose that Gilmore & Green’s concept of role-expressiveness may explain certain contradictory findings.
Trial Termination and Drug Misclassification in Sequential Adaptive Clinical Trials

Sequential adaptive clinical trials allow for early termination of drug testing at interim analysis points if the evidence suggests that the candidate drug or therapy is effective (stopping for ben...
ANTHONY LEEDS: BEYOND BRAZIL

Abstract Anthony Leeds is best known for his work in Brazil. His doctoral fieldwork was conducted in Bahia, and he published extensively on his work in the favelas of Rio de Janeiro. This article focuses instead on his work outside Brazil. An energetic fieldworker, the article follows his research in Venezuela, in Lima, in Texas hill villages, on Chukchi reindeer herders and pig breeding in Melanesia, and on Portuguese labour migration, as well as his theoretical contributions to understanding the linkages between the rural and the urban. Based on the accounts of Leeds’s former students and colleagues at the universities of Texas and Boston and on the consultation of the collection kept at the National Anthropological Archives, we present the phases in which Anthony Leeds’s professional career can be divided and the main studies that he worked on until his death in 1989.
Food Insecurity Among College Students at West Virginia University and Self-Reported Health Status

According to the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), in 2015 food insecurity effected roughly 17 percent of the population at some time during the year. Previous studies have shown food...
The perils of forcing a generalist to be a specialist: lack of dietary essential amino acids impacts honey bee pollen foraging and colony growth

Commercial honey bee colonies pollinate large monocultures, which contain one type of food and thus, one unbalanced source of nutrients. We examined how a lack of dietary essential amino acids (EAA...
Evaluation of Clinical Cardiac Safety of Itacitinib, a JAK1 Inhibitor, in Healthy Participants.

Itacitinib is a JAK1-selective inhibitor in phase 3 development in graft-versus-host disease. A post hoc electrocardiogram (ECG) analysis and a plasma concentration-QTc (C-QTc) analysis were performed to assess cardiac safety using data from the first-in-human itacitinib study. The study included 2 cohorts of 12 healthy participants each in an interleaving dosing design with single doses of 10-300 mg or placebo; 500 and 1000 mg doses were subsequently added with 12 participants randomized to itacitinib or placebo. Continuous Holter recordings were collected from 1 hour predose to 8 hours postdose on each dosing day, and ECG intervals were blindly extracted to match timed pharmacokinetic samples. Data showed no hysteresis, and a prespecified linear mixed-effects C-QTc model was used with change-from-baseline QTcF (QT interval corrected for heart rate by Fridericia's method) as the dependent variable, plasma itacitinib concentrations and centered baseline QTcF as continuous covariates, treatment and time as categorical factors, and a random intercept per participant. The estimated slope of the C-QTc relationship was not significantly different from zero: 0.0002 milliseconds per nM (90%CI, -0.00019 to 0.00054 milliseconds). No clinically meaningful effects on cardiac conduction (PR and QRS intervals) or any categorical PR or QRS outliers were observed. A QTc effect exceeding the threshold of concern (10 milliseconds) can be excluded for itacitinib plasma concentrations up to ∼13 000 nM (∼7200 ng/mL), which is well above the maximum concentration expected with the highest proposed therapeutic dose of itacitinib either with concomitant use of cytochrome P450 3A4 inhibitors or in patients with impaired hepatic function.
“Me I don’t really discuss anything with them”: Parent and teacher perceptions of early childhood education and parent-teacher relationships in Ghana

Abstract Parental involvement in early childhood education (ECE) is presumed to be important. Yet little research exists on how parents view their role in their child’s early schooling, nor on how parent-teacher relationships may shape classrooms. This is particularly true in low- and middle-income countries. This study analyzes interviews with 25 parents and 25 teachers of children in pre-primary school in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana. Interviews investigated perceptions about educational quality, experiences with ECE, communication between parents and teachers, and roles of parents and teachers in children’s education. Results revealed important areas of both alignment and misalignment between parents’ and teachers’ perceptions and goals for children’s ECE experiences. Implications for ECE policy and parental engagement are discussed.
Continuous glucose monitor use with and without remote monitoring in pregnant women with type 1 diabetes: A pilot study.

Background To examine whether continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) with remote monitoring by followers (family/friends) changes glucose management, follower interventions, and health outcomes compared to CGM alone in pregnant women with diabetes. Methods We prospectively stratified first trimester pregnant women with Type 1 Diabetes to CGM Share (remote monitoring) or CGM Alone. We enrolled a main follower per woman. We retrospectively acquired data for pregnant women who did not use CGM (no CGM). We compared hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) between groups. We compared sensor glucose, follower interventions, and gestational outcomes between CGM Alone and CGM Share. Longitudinal mixed effects models were used for analyses of changes in outcomes over time. Results HbA1c decreased in all groups throughout pregnancy and was significantly lower over time in women using CGM Share (n = 15) compared to CGM Alone (n = 13) or no CGM (n = 8) (p = 0.0042). CGM Share users had lower median sensor glucose levels (p = 0.0331) and percent time spent >180 mg/dL (p = 0.0228) across pregnancy. There were no significant differences in maternal and fetal outcomes between groups. CGM Share followers had more alerts for hypoglycemia, but did fewer interventions. Conclusions In this small pilot study, use of CGM with remote monitoring improved some glycemic metrics in pregnant women with diabetes.
Patterns of Twitter use among trainees in hematology-oncology related areas.

11041Background: Twitter (TW) is an essential tool in the medical community. Few studies have examined the use of TW by medical trainees. We aimed to assess its utilization among trainees in hemato...