cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fatal consequence of allergic rhinitis.

To the Editor: Although it is accepted that allergic rhinitis significantly affects quality of life, it can also have tragic consequences. Our patient was a 43-year-old woman who was referred for allergy evaluation. Eight months before the consult, she had a sneezing episode with closing of her eyes while driving at 40 miles per hour with her daughter and crashed into another vehicle, killing the other driver. She sustained ankle and foot fractures. Since childhood, she had been having sudden, severe episodic ‘‘fits’’ of 3 to 5 sneezes in a row associated with closing of the eyes occurring about once a week and sometimes triggered by increased dust and wind exposure. The sneezing episodes were acute isolated incidents with no associated acute or chronic nasal congestion, nasal itching, rhinorrhea, or eye symptoms, and therefore she did not consider allergic rhinitis or hay fever and believed she had a hereditary condition she shared with her father. On physical examination, she had mild nasal congestion with no rhinorrhea. Skin testing showed very large (average wheal diameter, 20-30 mm) reactions to all grass pollen, sycamore tree, Russian thistle, and cat. Most driving accidents and injuries have been associated with the adverse effects of sedating anthistamines, but in this case the actual symptoms of allergic rhinitis were the immediate cause. Sneezing is initiated by the trigeminal nerve in the nasal epithelium and accompanied by reflex closing of the eyes and occasionally cardiovascular reflexes, such as bradycardia. These reflexes are likely protective responses against irritants. A rare condition in patients with no evidence of rhinitis is the photic sneeze reflex, which is an autosomal dominant trait with an unknown mechanism characterized by sneezing triggered by bright light or sunshine. We did not find any reports in themedical literature of sneezingrelated accidents. An insurance industry–sponsored research study from the United Kingdom claims that in excess of 2 million UnitedKingdommotorists (7%) have had an accident or nearmiss or momentarily lost control of their car as a result of sneezing while driving. There are no statistics from federal or state authorities regarding sneezing-related accidents. However, a National Highway and Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) report does mention that at least 1 reporting authority includes ‘‘sneezing/coughing/itching’’ as a category of driver distraction. In this case the patient had unrecognized and untreated allergic rhinitis confirmed by mean of skin testing. In our area many allergists have anecdotal reports of accidents or near accidents caused by sneezing while driving. We are reporting this case to highlight the need to recognize and warn patients of potentially very serious consequences of uncontrolled allergic rhinitis. Sheldon L. Spector, MD Ricardo A. Tan, MD From the Department of Medicine, UCLA Medical Center, and California Allergy & Asthma Medical Group, Los Angeles, Calif. E-mail: rtantan@aol.com. Disclosure of potential conflict of interest: The authors have declared that they have no conflict of interest.
Doctor-patient communication in rheumatological disorders

Organized educational programmes and individual educational counselling are primary means by which health care providers equip rheumatic disease patients with the skills and knowledge necessary to monitor and manage variable symptoms. Many outpatients educational programmes were evaluated in the 1980s. In brief, well designed programmes are generally effective in improving knowledge and compliance with a regimen, and in reducing pain, depression, and disability. However, most persons with arthritis never use such programmes. Greater emphasis is needed on education of patients at the time of the clinical encounter, where the greatest opportunity lies for reaching the greatest number. Researchers have examined the dynamics of the doctor-patient interaction during the clinical encounter. Results show that: better information sharing leads to improved patient satisfaction, compliance, and health outcomes; information sharing could be greatly improved; and doctors and patients can be trained to improve information sharing, resulting in improved outcomes. A review of attribution and decision-making theory and the empirical literature on doctor-patient communication suggests a number of techniques that could be usefully incorporated into the management of each patient. These include: (1) encouraging patients to write down their concerns before each visit; (2) addressing each concern specifically, however briefly; (3) asking patients what they think has caused their problems; (4) tailoring treatments to patients' goals and preferences as possible; (5) explaining the purpose, dosage, common side-effects and inconveniences, and how to judge the efficacy of each treatment, including length of trial; (6) checking patients' understanding; (7) anticipating problems in compliance with treatment plans, and discussing methods to cope with common problems; (8) writing down the diagnosis and treatment plan to help patients remember; (9) giving out written materials that are now widely available; (10) reinforcing patients' confidence in their ability to manage their regimen; (11) using ancillary personnel in patient education; and (12) referring patients to organized programmes in the community.
Introduction to this special issue on new agendas for human-computer interaction

(2000). Introduction to This Special Issue on New Agendas for Human-Computer Interaction. Human–Computer Interaction: Vol. 15, New Agendas for Human-Computer Interaction, pp. 69-74.
Elastic-plastic analysis of small defects—voids and inclusions

Abstract Elastic-plastic finite element analyses are used to compute the crack driving force for cracks initiating at voids and inclusions. For a wide variety of crack/defect geometries, a simple relationship in terms of a strain intensity factor can be used to charaterize the crack driving force for applied strains of less than about 1%. As compared to a void, the crack driving force for a bonded, cracked inclusion is 15% higher and the crack driving force for an unbonded inclusion is 10% lower. These results are combined with an expression for the crack growth rate behavior to predict the effect of defect structure on fatigue behavior.
Automated inverse computer modeling of borehole flow data in heterogeneous aquifers

A computer model has been developed to simulate borehole flow in heterogeneous aquifers where the vertical distribution of permeability may vary significantly. In crystalline fractured aquifers, flow into or out of a borehole occurs at discrete locations of fracture intersection. Under these circumstances, flow simulations are defined by independent variables of transmissivity and far-field heads for each flow contributing fracture intersecting the borehole. The computer program, ADUCK (A Downhole Underwater Computational Kit), was developed to automatically calibrate model simulations to collected flowmeter data providing an inverse solution to fracture transmissivity and far-field head. ADUCK has been tested in variable borehole flow scenarios, and converges to reasonable solutions in each scenario. The computer program has been created using open-source software to make the ADUCK model widely available to anyone who could benefit from its utility.
Si-on-insulator formation using a line-source electron beam

A line-source electron beam has been used to melt and recrystallize isolated Si layers to form Si-on-Insulator structures, and the processis simulated by heat flow calculations. Using sample sweep speeds of 100-600 cm/s and peak power densities up to 75 kW/cm 2 in the 1 × 20 mm beam, we have obtained single-crystal areas as large as 50 × 350 μIm. Seed openings to the substrate are used to control the orientation of the regrowth and the heat flow in the recrystallizing film. A finite-element heat flow code has been developed which correctly simulates the experimental results and which allows the calculation of untried sample configurations.
Intentional foreign object ingestions: need for endoscopy and surgery.

Abstract Background Intentional ingestion of foreign objects (IIFO) is common in the incarcerated population. This study was undertaken in order to better define clinical patterns of IIFO among prisoners. We sought to determine factors associated with the need for endoscopic and surgical therapy for IIFO. Methods After obtaining permission to conduct IIFO research in incarcerated populations, study patients were identified by ICD-9 codes. Patient charts were reviewed for demographics; past medical history; IIFO characteristics; and diagnostic, endoscopic, and surgical findings. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using statistical software. Results Thirty patients with 141 episodes of IIFO were identified. The mean number of ingested items per episode was 4.60. Endoscopy was performed in 97 of 141 IIFO instances, with failure to retrieve the ingested object in 21 of 97 cases (22%). Eleven instances (7.8%) required surgical intervention. On multivariate analyses, hospital admission was associated with elevated white blood cell count (odds ratio [OR] 1.4, P P P P P P P Conclusions Intentional ingestion of foreign objects continues to pose a significant human and economic burden. The need for admission or therapy is frequently associated with leukocytosis. Further investigation is warranted into resource-appropriate triage of patients who present with IIFO.
Dendritic growth-A test of theory

Steady-state theories of dendritic solidification are reviewed, and three nonisothermal theories, expressed as simple power laws, are chosen for experimental verification. Specifically, the axial growth rate,V, of a freely growing dendrite can be expressed asV =βGΔθn, wheren andβ are the exponent and prefactor derived from each theory,G is a lumped material parameter, andΔθ is the supercooling. Succinonitrile, a low entropy-of-fusion plastic crystal, was prepared in several states of purity as the test system, and dendritic growth was studied both in the usual manner in long tubes, and in a novel apparatus in which the conditions for “free” dendritic growth were attained. Kinetic measurements show that only when “free” growth conditions obtain are the data reconcilable with current theory in the form discussed above. In particular, we show thatn = 2.6, in agreement with the theories of Nash and Glicksman and that of Trivedi; however, the prefactorsβ of those theories do not agree with the value determined for succinonitrile, which is the only substance for whichG is known accurately. Tip radius measurements, taken over a relatively narrow range of supercooling, when combined with the growth rate data prove that the Peclet number-supercooling relationship derived for each of the three nonisothermal steady-state theoriesall agree with experiment. This curious agreement, along with the inability to “decompose” the Peclet numbers into acceptable velocity-supercooling and tip radius-supercooling relationships is explained on the basis of the limitations imposed by the steady-state assumption itself. Directions for future theoretical and experimental investigation are discussed in the light of the findings presented.
Design methods for transient response and isolation of ground-founded microprecision slabs.

Design methods and typical case histories are presented for both transient response and isolation problems for ground-founded microprecision slabs. The complexities of transient analysis for test slabs on soil have long been recognized, but until recently such an analysis could be approximated only by using steady-state assumptions. It is now possible to make a meaningful engineering analysis of a transiently loaded foundation on soil by the graphical phase-plane method. The older steady-state approximation may be very unsafe for cases where the input frequency is greater than the natural slab frequency. Increasingly stringent isolation requirements for microprecision slabs, combined with the need to use convenient but often very noisy slab sites, require not only properly designed solid slabs, but also special techniques such as subsurface energy barriers and hollowed slabs. The state of the art in energy-barrie r technology is described for both cutoff trenches and sheet pile walls. It is shown that the energy barriers should extend to a depth of at least one-third the Rayleigh wavelength of the incoming vibrations in order to be effective.
Electronic structure of CuO2 sheets and spin-driven high-Tc superconductivity.

Energy parameters for a ${\mathrm{CuO}}_{2}$ sheet, taken to be prototypic of the high-temperature superconductors, are derived from semiempirical and ab initio sources. Intra-atomic Coulomb interactions (${U}_{i}$) are large, but interatomic Coulomb terms and direct oxygen-oxygen transfer integrals are also very important. These energies dictate a two-band extended Hubbard Hamiltonian which cannot obviously be simplified. With Cu(${d}^{10}$)O(${p}^{6}$) as the vacuum state, interatomic Coulomb interactions create a potential well resulting in hole localization when there is one hole per ${\mathrm{CuO}}_{2}$ unit cell, so that the Cu(${d}^{9}$) valence is dominant. A spin-(1/2 Heisenberg system thus exists independent of the presence of carriers due to the poor screening in these materials. We compute the Cu-Cu superexchange energy J from the other parameters and find good agreement with empirically derived values, provided the inclusion direct Cu-O exchange. Because of the relatively large value of J, we assume local antiferromagnetic (AF) order. Itinerent carriers exist on the oxygen sublattice because of the large Cu ${U}_{d}$.The coexisting spin and carrier systems interact strongly, the most important cause being a virtual process involving the Cu(${d}^{10}$) configuration, which is lowered in energy by Coulomb interactions with the carrier. This process can produce carrier transport with and without creating spin deviations and stabilizes holes in the oxygen ${p}_{\ensuremath{\sigma}}$ orbitals. We find that the carriers are neither weakly coupled free particles nor spin polarons, but are something new: ``spin hybrids,'' consisting of a coherent and nonperturbative mixture of local spin-orbital electronic configurations, some of which represent deviations in the local AF order. A model Hamiltonian that describes the spin-hybrid carriers shows that the probability of finding a spin deviation associated with an isolated carrier quasiparticle is large (30--40 %). We find spin-driven electronic pairing in the Cooper sense between the spin-hybrid quasiparticles. Retarded interactions are possible, but we also find direct attractive unretarded interactions at \ensuremath{\sim}3--4 Cu-O spacings, driven by carrier-enhanced superexchange, which is larger than the Coulomb correction. These interactions cause extended s-wave and d-wave pairing and lead to a pairing Hamiltonian reminiscent of BCS theory which is, however, only two-dimensional. The possible role of Josephson tunneling in the third dimension is also discussed.
The Effect of Phosphoric Acid Silage on the Acid-Base Balance in Dairy Cows

Summary Three experiments involving a total of twelve animals are reported in which the changes in the acid-base relations in the blood and urine were studied with cows receiving phosphoric acid silage with and without hay or limestone. No changes in the blood or urine were observed, as compared with the data on a ration including corn and molasses silage, when the phosphoric acid silage was supplemented with either hay or limestone. The feeding of phosphoric acid grass silage alone resulted in marked urinary changes indicating acidosis but was without effect on the alkaline reserve of the blood. Three of the four animals developed an unthrifty condition when fed the silage alone. This condition was relieved and the urine values were brought back to normal by the addition of either hay or limestone. It is concluded that the phosphoric acid grass silage is a satisfactory feed for dairy cows when it is supplemented with hay containing an appreciable amount of legume or with limestone.
A rank test for stochastically ordered alternatives

A rank test based on the number of ‘near-matches’ among within-block rankings is proposed for stochastically ordered alternatives in a randomized block design with t treatments and b blocks. The asymptotic relative efficiency of this test with respect to the Page test is computed as number of blocks increases to infinity. A sequential analog of the above test procedure is also considered. A repeated significance test procedure is developed and average sample number is computed asymptotically under the null hypothesis as well as under a sequence of contiguous alternatives.
Effect of moisture on the yield locus of granular materials: theory of shift

Abstract The yield locus of a wet material was shifted to the left of that of a dry specimen by a constant value equal to the compressive isostatic stress due to pendular bridges. For materials with straight yield loci, the shift was computed from the uniaxial tensile strength, either measured in a tensile strength tester or calculated from the correlation, and the angle of internal friction of the material. The predicted shift in the yield loci due to different moisture contents compare well with the measured shift in the yield of glass beds, crushed limestone, super D catalyst and Leslie coal.
Wealth and Power in a Collegial Polity

This paper considers the reflection of political power upon the distribution of wealth in a collegial polity, where political power is unequally distributed. Power and the economic outcome are both analyzed in terms of the Shapley value. The more powerful a political agent is, the greater is that agent's final wealth, as given by the value allocation.
Framing of task performance strategies: effects on performance in a multiattribute dynamic decision making environment.

It is well documented that the way a static choice task is "framed" can dramatically alter choice behavior, often leading to observable preference reversals. This framing effect appears to result from perceived changes in the nature or location of a person's initial reference point, but it is not clear how framing effects might generalize to performance on dynamic decision making tasks that are characterized by high workload, time constraints, risk, or stress. A study was conducted to examine the hypothesis that framing can introduce affective components to the decision making process and can influence, either favorably (positive frame) or adversely (negative frame), the implementation and use of decision making strategies in dynamic high-workload environments. Results indicated that negative frame participants were significantly impaired in developing and employing a simple optimal decision strategy relative to a positive frame group. Discussion focuses on implications of these results for models of dyna...
Two chick embryonic adhesion systems: Molecular vs tissue specificity

We have investigated the adhesive properties of cells from several neural and nonneural chick embryonic tissues dissociated using modifications of the standard dissociation procedures employed routinely in this laboratory to obtain retinal cells. Each of these tissues (7-day optic tectum, retina, and heart, and 3.75-day limb bud) displayed both Ca++-dependent (CD) and Ca++-independent (CI) aggregation, the relative rates of which differed from tissue to tissue. In every case, cells prepared so as to display one mode of aggregation or the other cross-adhered readily to cells--regardless of tissue origin--displaying the same mode of aggregation. Cross adhesion was negligible between cells--even from the same tissue--prepared so as to display different modes of aggregation. Anti-retinal Fab molecules which inhibit selectively either the CI or CD aggregation of retina cells strongly inhibited the corresponding aggregation of optic tectum cells, but had no effect upon the aggregation (CI or CD) of heart cells. These results demonstrate the existence in the tissues examined of dual adhesion mechanisms similar in Ca++ dependence and recognition properties to those of the retina, but showing certain immunological distinctions from the latter. The immunological relationship among the adhesion mechanisms from the various tissues is under continuing investigation.
On the assessment of oxidative and microstructural changes after in vivo degradation of historical UHMWPE knee components by means of vibrational spectroscopies and nanoindentation

This study reports on the suitability of different experimental techniques to evaluate chemical, microstructural and mechanical changes associated with in vivo oxidation encountered in historical polyethylene components. To accomplish this aim, eight traceable tibial inserts were analyzed after revision surgery. The knee bearings were gamma sterilized in air and implanted for an average of 11.5 years after a shelf life no longer than one year. Characterization of oxidation and transvinylene indexes, crystallinity, amorphous and intermediate phase fractions, along with hardness and surface modulus, were performed in transverse sections of each bearing using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and nanoindentation, respectively. Generally, subsurface maxima in the crystallinity, oxidation index, and hardness were observed at a depth of about 1 mm in all of the bearings. The superior surfaces and anterior-posterior faces of the inserts exhibited significantly higher oxidation and greater crystallinity than the inferior side. These observations suggest that the metallic tray may limit the access of molecular oxygen to the backside of the tibial inserts. We conclude that chemical, physical, and mechanical property data confirm the occurrence of in vivo degradation in the long-term implanted knee components following gamma irradiation in air. Furthermore, infrared spectroscopy alone appeared to provide excellent insight into the oxidation and crystallization state of the in vivo oxidized polyethylene.
Effect of Small Variation in the Composition of Plates and Weld Filler Wires on the General Corrosion Rate of Ni-Cr-Mo Alloys

The ASTM standard B 575 provides the requirements for the chemical composition of Nickel-Chromium-Molybdenum (Ni-Cr-Mo) alloys such as Alloy 22 (N06022) and Alloy 686 (N06686). The compositions of each element are given in a range. For example, the content of Mo is specified from 12.5 to 14.5 weight percent for Alloy 22 and from 15.0 to 17.0 weight percent for Alloy 686. It was important to determine how the corrosion rate of welded plates of Alloy 22 using Alloy 686 weld filler metal would change if heats of these alloys were prepared using several variations in the composition of the elements even though still in the range specified in B 575. All the material used in this report were especially prepared at Allegheny Ludlum Co. Seven heats of plate were welded with seven heats of wire. Immersion corrosion tests were conducted in a boiling solution of sulfuric acid plus ferric sulfate (ASTM G 28 A) using both as-welded (ASW) coupons and solution heat-treated (SHT) coupons. Results show that the corrosion rate was not affected by the chemistry of the materials within the range of the standards.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Transfusion-Dependent Anemia After Initiation of Androgen Deprivation Therapy for Metastatic Prostate Cancer

Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is a commonly used treatment for metastatic prostate cancer. A 78-year-old patient with metastatic prostate cancer had transfusion-dependent anemia develop while on ADT. The patient also had hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT), with chronic gastrointestinal blood loss. Blood transfusions were required every 3 weeks for 4 months to keep hemoglobin levels above 8 g/dL, despite discontinuation of ADT. The anemia, which had been well managed with iron therapy before ADT, was worsened by the loss of bone marrow-stimulating testosterone effects. The case highlights testosterone's important role in erythrocyte production. Practitioners should monitor hemoglobin levels in patients undergoing ADT.
Children's Comprehension Monitoring: Training Children to Use Rereading to Aid Comprehension.

Abstract The present study examined the effect of training fourth‐grade children to utilize the regulation strategy of rereading as a means of answering questions about previously read text. During training, the reader was provided with a series of prompts to look back to prior paragraphs of a story in order to answer questions about the text. A control group of subjects did not receive such training. Results from a post‐training test phase indicated that trained subjects used the rereading strategy, measured in the form of lookbacks, significantly more often than did control subjects. They were also more likely than control subjects to produce correct responses following a lookback to questions about more distantly read text.
An Early Cretaceous fruit with affinities to Ceratophyllaceae

A new genus and species with affinities to Ceratophyllaceae from the Lower Cretaceous of Kansas, USA is reported. The fruits of Donlesia dakotensis gen. et sp. nov. are smooth achenes with two winged lateral spines, two winged facial spines, one stylar spine, and a long peduncle with a distinctive groove. The facial spines are arranged perpendicular to the lateral spines. The seed contains two cotyledons and a central plumule. Dichotomous leaves associated with Donlesia dakotensis fruits are whorled, petiolate, and lack denticles. The fruit morphology of D. dakotensis differs from extant and fossil members of Ceratophyllaceae in its tetra-radial symmetry, the presence of two winged facial spines, a long peduncle, and the lack of other appendages on the fruit surface. It seems to be more closely related to section Ceratophyllum of extant Ceratophyllum. This relationship suggests that section Ceratophyllum of extant Ceratophyllum may represent the ancestral members of the ancient Ceratophyllum lineage. The presence of this species in the Dakota Formation further confirms that there were diverse aquatic plants living in freshwater lakes along the eastern margin of the Western Interior Seaway during the Early Cretaceous.
Testing for autocorrelation in the autoregressive moving average error model

Failure to allow for autocorrelation of the disturbances in a regression model can lead to biased and inconsistent parameter estimates, particularly if the model is autoregressive. While consistent estimation methods are available which allow for autocorrelation, estimation is usually much easier when there is some assurance that autocorrelation is absent. In pursuit of such assurance the present paper develops methods of testing for autocorrelation in two common autoregressive linear regression models. The first model considered is the autoregressive moving average error model (ARMA). It occurs when a first order (two period) moving average of structural disturbances generates the error term of an equation which is to be estimated, and this moving average autocorrelation is taken into account in the process of estimation. A test is developed for the presence of additional Markov autocorrelation of the structural disturbances. The second model considered is the standard autoregressive linear regression model, with a disturbance term which for the purposes of estimation is taken to be serially uncorrelated. Estimation is therefore performed by means of ordinary least squares. A test is developed for the presence of moving average autocorrelation in the disturbance term. In keeping with tradition, both tests are performed by examining the serial correlation of the estimated disturbances. The tests derive from a
Effect of hospitalization versus placebo in hypertensive adolescents

The effect of hospitalization on blood pressure was determined in 31 adolescents admitted to the hospital for evaluation of mild hypertension. All were diagnosed as having primary hypertension. There was a progressive decline of systolic ( p p
Selected land reforms in East and Southeast Asia: their origins and impacts.

Agrarian reforms in the four case study countries examined here came about by outside influence (Korea and Taiwan), revolutionary uprising (People's Republic of China), and legislation (Philippines). In the last case, the reforms remain very incomplete. In Taiwan and South Korea, reforms initially promoted a more equitable distribution of resources and income. This widened the domestic market, lessened underemployment and joblessness in both agriculture and industry, increased profitability in manufacturing, and established more equitable development patterns. In these economies, a national market has preceded (or accompanied) development of world markets. Land reform is not a once-and-for-all phenomenon. Resources and incomes can concentrate again in the absence of proper government policies. There is no necessary correlation between land reform, economic improvement, and democratic forms of government.
Heterotriptycenes from a five-membered heterocyclic diazonium carboxylate

Abstract Heterotriptycenes ( 4 ) are formed when the benzo [b]thiophene diazonium carboxylate ( 1 ) is decomposed in the presence of anthracenes ( 2 ).
Effect of Testosterone on Jejunal Pyruvate Kinase Activities in Normal and Hypogonadal Males

Activities of jejunal glycolytic enzymes were measured in 6 normal and 7 testosterone deficient men on controlled diets before and after testosterone. Jejunal glycolytic enzymes were measured in the hypogonadal males after isocaloric diets: glucose, fructose, and both together. In comparison with normals, the hypogonadal males showed significantly decreased activities of jejunal pyruvate kinase, fructose-1-phosphate aldolase and fructose diphosphate aldolase (p < 0.001) and no significant difference in hexokinase. Both normal and hypogonadal males showed significantly increased activity of pyruvate kinase after oral testosterone (10 mg/day for 2 days). Intramuscular testosterone increased the activity of pyruvate kinase in the hypogonadal males. Dietary changes produced less adaptive changes in jejunal glycolytic enzyme activities in hypogonadal males than in normal subjects. This lack of adaptive change may be related to testosterone deficiency. We conclude that testosterone-deficient adult males have de...
Remote Supervision of IV-tPA for Acute Ischemic Stroke by Telemedicine or Telephone Before Transfer to a Regional Stroke Center Is Feasible and Safe

Background and Purpose— Because of a shortage of stroke specialists, many outlying or “spoke” hospitals initiate intravenous (IV) thrombolysis using telemedicine or telephone consultation before transferring patients to a regional stroke center (RSC) hub. We analyzed complications and outcomes of patients treated with IV tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) using the “drip and ship” approach compared to those treated directly at the RSC. Methods— A retrospective review of our Get With the Guidelines Stroke (GWTG-Stroke) database from 01/2003 to 03/2008 identified 296 patients who received IV tPA within 3 hours of symptom onset without catheter-based reperfusion. GWTG-Stroke definitions for symptomatic intracranial (sICH), systemic hemorrhage, discharge functional status, and destination were applied. Follow-up modified Rankin Score was recorded when available. Results— Of 296 patients, 181 (61.1%) had tPA infusion started at an outside spoke hospital (OSH) and 115 (38.9%) at the RSC hub. OSH patients were y...
Colorimetric and fluorometric molecularly imprinted polymer sensors and binding assays

This mini review examines the utility of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) in colorimetric and fluorometric sensors and binding assays. The review focuses on the challenges in developing MIP-based spectroscopic sensors. Specifically, strategies to address the low selectivities, lack of sensing mechanism and poor optical material properties of MIPs are examined and critically evaluated using examples from the literature. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of warm up on energy cost and energy sources of a ballet dance exercise

To evaluate the effect of warm up on energy cost and energy sources of a ballet dance exercise, 12 adolescent talented female dancers performed a ballet exercise (30 s of tours piques en dedans on pointe) without and following a warm up. Warm up consisted in a light running followed by a period of stretching and two ballet exercises. The overall energy requirement of dance exercise (VO2eq) was obtained by adding the amount of VO2 during exercise above resting (aerobic source or VO2ex) to the VO2 up to the fast component of recovery (anaerobic alactic source or VO2al) and to the energy equivalent of peak blood lactate accumulation (anaerobic lactic source or $${\hbox{VO}_{{\rm 2la}^{-}}}$$ ) of recovery. VO2eq of exercise preceded by warm up amounted to 37 ± 3 ml kg−1. VO2al represented the higher fraction (50 ± 6%) of VO2eq, the remaining fractions were: 39 ± 5% for VO2ex and 11 ± 3% for $${\hbox{VO}_{{\rm 2la}^{-}}}$$ . VO2eq of exercise without warm up amounted to 38 ± 3 ml kg−1. This value was made up of: 26 ± 6% by VO2ex, 56 ± 6% by VO2al and 18 ± 3% by $${\hbox{VO}_{{\rm 2la}^{-}}.}$$ Between exercise conditions, significant differences were found in VO2ex (P < 0.01), $${\hbox{VO}_{{\rm 2la}^{-}}}$$ (P < 0.01), and VO2al (P < 0.05). The metabolic power requirement, 1.6 times higher than subject’s $${\dot{\hbox{V}}\hbox{O}_{2\max},}$$ indicates a very demanding exercise. The anaerobic alactic source was the most utilized. It can be concluded that, when dance exercise was preceded by warm up, the anaerobic sources contribution decreased whereas the aerobic energy source increased.
Site of Fluoride Accumulation in Navel Orange Leaves

Fluoride-polluted navel orange leaves, Citrus sinensis (Linn.) Osbeck, were fractionated into the subcellular components in hexane/carbon tetrachloride mixtures having various densities. Fluoride was determined at each fraction. Analyses were also made for the subcellular distribution of chlorophyll, nitrogen, and DNA to assess the extent of cross-contamination of each component. The fraction containing cell wall, nuclei, and partly broken cells apparently contained a major amount of fluoride. However, if allowance was made for the cross-contamination of chloroplasts and chloroplast fragments, the fraction of chloroplasts was found to be the site of the highest fluoride accumulation. When each particulate component was washed with water after drying, the combined washings contained more than 50% of the total fluoride of the isolated fractions. The usual method of subcellular fractionation with aqueous solvent shifted the major site of fluoride accumulation from the fraction of chloroplasts to that of the supernatant.
Partitioning tropical heat and moisture budgets into cumulus and mesoscale components: implications for cumulus parameterization

Abstract Results from recent heat and moisture budget studies of tropical mesoscale convective systems have been used to partition the total heating in tropical disturbances into cumulus and mesoscale components The mesoscale component refer to that part of tropical cloud systems which contains mesoscale anvil circulations, viz., a mesoscale updraft in an upper-tropospheric cloud shield extending from near the 0°C level to near the 0°C level to near the tropopause and a mesoscale downdraft in the lower troposphere. The cumulus component, which is determined as a residual, consists of contributions from cumulus elements of all sizes, ranging from deep cumulonimbus to shallow cumulus; however, deep cumulus effects predominate in the tropical disturbances studied here. The method of partitioning requires an estimate of the fraction of f of the total rainfall in tropical disturbances produced by mesoscale anvil systems. The total apparent heat source Q1, and moisture sink Q2 of Yanai and others and the mesosc...
Mechanisms of Action of PGE1 in Hemorrhagic Shock in Rats

We studied the effects of prostaglandin E 1 (PGE 1 ) in a severe model of hemorrhagic shock in rats. PGE 1 was administered as a continuous IV infusion of either 0.1 μg/kg/min or 1.0 μg/kg/min starting 30 minutes after the onset of bleeding and continuing until one hour after reinfusion. Hemorrhaged rats treated with PGE 1 (1 μg/kg/min) maintained post-reinfusion mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) at significantly higher values than rats receiving only the vehicle (ie, 0.9% NaCl) (final MABP 84 ± 3 vs 57 ± 4 mm Hg, P 1 at 1 μg/kg/min also attenuated the increase in plasma activities of cathepsin D ( P P P 1 (1 μg/kg/min) than in rats receiving the vehicle (35 ± 4 U/mL vs 74 ± 12 U/mL, P 1 (1.0 μg/kg/min) also exhibited a significantly increased survival rate ( P P 1 are important and may contribute to its beneficial effects in hemorrhagic shock. Other mechanisms (eg, inhibition of platelet aggregation and vasodilation) may also be involved.
Age-Related Decline in Osteoprotegerin Expression by Human Bone Marrow Cells Cultured in Three-Dimensional Collagen Sponges

With advancing age, an increase in bone resorption relative to bone formation results in bone loss. Bone marrow stromal cells and their products support osteoclastogenesis from hematopoietic progenitors. Another of their products, osteoprotegerin (OPG), blocks the osteoclast–stimulatory effects of OPG ligand. We tested the hypothesis that with advancing age there is a decrease in OPG expression by human bone marrow cells. Bone marrow cells were obtained from 18 subjects (age range 38–84 years). Expression of mRNA transcripts of OPG was assessed by quantitative competitive RT-PCR. Median number of OPG transcripts in the younger group was 0.3 zetptomoles (range 0.01 to 1.30) and was higher than in the older group's median of 0.06 (range 0 to 0.5; p < 0.05). The decline in the expression of OPG with age may increase the capacity of stromal/osteoblast cells to support osteoclastogenesis.
Unsteady Laminar Film Condensation on Vertical Plate

Abstract : The heat transfer associated with unsteady film condensation is analyzed for a vertical plate. The unsteady state is considered to be created by the time-dependent variation of either the uniform wall temperature or the g- force field. From the perturbation-type theoretical treatment, a set of universal variables and functions is derived which describes the unsteady behavior of the film. The universal functions are evaluated and tabulated so that the deviation of the heat transfer from the instantaneous steady state value can be computed readily. The effect of varying the fluid properties on the unsteady heat transfer is discussed.
Power Aware Task Matching and Migration in Heterogeneous Processing Environments

In previous task matching research the power agnostic Min-Min algorithms has been found to be an effective matching algorithm and has been used as a benchmark in numerous studies. Our study has enhanced these algorithms with the addition of the energy delay product (EDP) resulting in an improved Min-Min that takes both power and execution time into account. In addition, the study incorporates the classical Min-Min and an improved Min-Min with EDP as ways to migrate preempted task between system cores. Our results show that it is possible to obtain significant improvements in scheduling related power consumption with acceptable performance degradation.
Endogenous hydrogen peroxide and peroxidative metabolism in adipocytes in response to insulin and sulfhydryl reagents.

Evidence is presented that glucose oxidation in adipocytes via the pentose phosphate pathway, known to be regulated essentially by the supply of NADP+ in the presence of oxidized glutathione, is increased in response to insulin due to a peroxidative catabolism of endogenously produced hydrogen peroxide. A similar response was observed with sulfhydryl reagents, e.g. dithiothreitol (DTT) and p-chloromercuribenzoate (pCMB). both of which inhibit d-glucose transport and glucose oxidation by the glycolytic pathway, but like insulin enhance the pentose phosphate pathway. A catalase-dependent peroxidative reaction, viz. 14CO2 production from sodium [14C]formate, was increased about 2-fold in cells exposed to insulin, or DTT and pCMB. Its partial inhibition in the presence of 50 mM 3-amino- l,2,4-triazole was greater in the insulin- DTT- or pCMB-treatcd cells than in the control. This indicated intracellular accumulation of catalase: H2O2 complexes. The data on the catalatic and peroxidative activities of catalase in the adipocytes under these experimental conditions, coupled with the preferential stimulation of the pentose phosphate pathway in the presence of inhibitors of catalase, e.g. aminotriazole and azide, indicate a major role of glutathione peroxidase in the disposal of H2O2. These findings support our previous report that insulin or —SH reactive agents activate a pyridine nucleotide oxidase in the plasma membrane of these cells [S. P. Mukherjee and W. S. Lynn, Fedn Proc.35, 1694 (1976); Archs Biochem. Biophys.184, 69 (1977)]. A close relationship was observed between the cellular content of glutathione (GSH) and glucose utilization. Thus, induction of a peroxidative metabolism within these cells, coupled with glucose oxidation, appears to be a major effect of insulin.
The spatial distribution of selective attention assessed using the multifocal visual evoked potential

Abstract To determine the manner in which attention is distributed among numerous locations in the visual space, we used a multifocal recording technique that allowed simultaneous recordings of evoked cortical activity from 12 visual field areas out to 23.6°. We found that multifocal visual evoked potential (mfVEP) amplitude was larger when a region of visual space was attended than when it was not attended. The magnitude of this effect was inversely related to visual field eccentricity and there was no attention-related modulation of VEP amplitude for the most eccentric region. In addition, we found that mfVEP amplitudes in the regions contiguous to the attended region could also be larger, depending upon their spatial relationship to the attended region. Specifically, amplitudes in more central regions on the `meridian of attention' were larger when the subject attended anywhere along that meridian.
Isolation and characterization of rat tubular basement membrane.

Isolation and characterization of rat tubular basement membrane.Tubules were isolated by the passage of coarsely homogenized kidney parenchyma through a series of stainless steel sieves of varying pore sizes. The isolated tubules, which were free of glomeruli or any contaminating tissue, based on light microscopic examination, served as starting material for the isolation of tubular basement membrane (TBM). The tubules were sonically disrupted, and the subsequent isolation procedure was conceptually similar to that of the isolation of glomerular basement membrane (GBM). The chemical composition of TBM was compared to that of GBM and collagen. 3-hydroxyproline, a marker for basement membrane protein, was present in higher amount in TBM (10 residues per 1,000 amino acid residues) than in GBM (7 residues per 1,000). Glycine and hydroxylysine content was also higher in TBM (255 and 27 residues per 1,000, respectively, in contrast to 204 and 18 residues in GBM). The total carbohydrate content was 7.6 mg per 100 mg of dry weight (neutral sugars, 6.3; GlcN, 0.9; GalN, 0.1; and sialic acid, 0.3). By electron microscopic examination, the isolated TBM was similar to GBM, except for greater variability in diameter and serrated appearance of one surface of the tubular basement membrane fragments. The method is suitable for the isolation of TBM in sufficient quantity for subsequent chemical analyses and immunologic studies. Isolement et caracterisation de la membrane basale tubulaire du rat. Des tubules ont ete isoles par passage d'une homogenat grossier de parenchyme renal a travers une serie de tamis, en acier inoxydable, de differentes tailles de pores. Les tubules isoles, qui ne sont contamines ni par des glomerules ni par d'autres tissus a l'examen microscopique, ont servi de materiel pour l'isolement de la membrane basale tubulaire (TBM). Les tubules ont ete traites par les ultrasons et l'isolement ulterieur a ete semblable, dans sa conception, a celui des membranes basales glomerulaires (GBM). La composition chimique de TBM a ete comparee a celle de GBM et au collagene. La 3-hydroxy-proline, un marqueur des proteines de la membrane basale, existe en plus grande quantite dans TBM (10 residus pour 1,000) que dans GBM (7 residus pour 1,000). La glycine et l'hydroxylysine sont aussi plus abondantes dans TBM (255 et 27 residus pour 1,000 respectivement, a comparer a 204 et 18 residus dans GBM). Le contenu total en hydrates de carbone est de 7, 6 mg pour 100 mg de poids sec (sucres neutres 6, 3; GIN 0, 9; GalN 0,1; et acide sialique 0,3). A l'examen en microscopie electronique, les TBM isolees sont semblables a GBM exception faite d'une plus grande variabilite du diametre et de l'aspect dentele d'une des surfaces des fragments de TBM. Cette methode est adequate pour l'isolement de TBM en quantite suffisante pour les analyses chimiques ulterieures et les etudes immunologiques.
Why Life Histories Evolve Differently in the Sea

Synopsis. Marine life histories differ from terrestrial life histories because seawater is denser and more viscous than air, because desiccation is not a problem for organisms in water, and because food is abundant in suspension and solution. (1) Mating and competition for paternity in the sea often differs. Female gametes are often spawned freely. Passively dispersed spermatophores could in some cases provide single paternity to an entire clutch of offspring. Penises of sessile animals reach far for copulation. There are no pollinators. (2) In many clades of benthic marine animals, greater dispersal of offspring is associated with large adult size, and greater parental care of offspring and reduced planktonic larval periods are associated with small adult size. (3) Many benthic marine animals are colonies with modular construction, and these also commonly brood embryos and have short-lived larvae, in contrast to related solitary forms. (4) Unlike dispersal of terrestrial animals, larval dispersal of marine animals is often obligate with sexual reproduction and often includes a precompetent period during which larvae cannot settle at good sites. Unlike terrestrial seeds, marine larvae have no clear adaptations for dispersal, often grow during dispersal, and often leave bad sites. Feeding planktonic larvae are common among marine animals and rare among other aquatic animals, perhaps because of persistent aquatic routes between habitable sites for marine animals. Peculiarities in marine life histories may influence many aspects of evolution in the sea. Closely related sedentary marine animals can differ greatly in larval dispersal with consequences for recruitment to populations, genetic exchange between benthic populations, adaptation to local conditions, sex allo? cation, interaction with kin, speciation, and extinction.
Data for measuring poverty and inequality changes in the developing countries

Abstract How does income distribution change with economic growth? I distinguish between two aspects of income distribution - poverty and inequality - and discuss how to measure each. I then review what data we would want and what data we have on changes in poverty and inequality in different countries. I conclude with suggestions on how to overcome some of the current data deficiencies.