cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
CP PHASES IN THE LEPTONIC SECTOR OF LRSUSY AND LEPTOGENESIS

We analyze the effects of the current neutrino data on thermal leptogenesis and lepton flavor violating and conserving processes in a fully left-right extension of the minimal supersymmetric model. The model has several phases from both the heavy and light neutrino sectors: two CKM-type phases, and four Majorana phases, which give new contributions to CP-violating parameters and leptogenesis. We study observable effects of these phases in most general neutrino mixing scenarios, with either hierarchical, inverse hierarchical or quasi-degenerate light and heavy neutrinos. The CP violating phases in both the heavy and light neutrino sectors of the left-right supersymmetric model have unique features which may distinguish the model from other supersymmetric scenarios.
Rotational imaging OCT for full-body embryonic imaging

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has proved to be an effective tool to study the development of mammalian embryos due to its high resolution and contrast. However, light attenuation is an important factor which constrains the imaging depth of OCT. Limitation of imaging depth will inhibit us to better study the structural characteristics of mouse embryos. Here we propose a new method, rotational imaging OCT (riOCT), to improve the imaging depth and provide full-body embryonic imaging. The experimental setup comprises the swept source OCT system and the square glass tube mounted on a rotational stage. The E10.5 mouse embryos are dissected and immersed in the glass tube using 0.9% saline solution. 3D structural imaging is performed at four different angles with the interval of 90 degrees. The OCT image records the optical distances of different components such as glass, gelatin and tissue. The position of rotation center is determined by the track of the glass tube center at different angles. The final image is acquired by rotating the images at different angles according to the rotation center. Results indicate that this method is able to improve the visualization of structural information of mouse embryo compared to conventional OCT.
DETECTION OF A FUNCTIONAL PROMOTER/ENHANCER IN AN INTRON-LESS HUMAN GENE ENCODING A GLUTAMINE SYNTHETASE-LIKE ENZYME

Abstract A human genomic clone, ΨGS, containing an intron-less glutamine synthetase (GS)-encoding pseudogene, was isolated by screening a human library. A sequence of 3004 bp, containing the GS coding region and both the 5' and 3' flanking sequences, was identified that exhibits all the characteristics of a processed pseudogene. The coding region shows 93% identity with the human GS cDNA (hGS) sequence and contains two frame-shifts and two termination codons. The coding sequence is flanked by a 9-bp AT repeat and a putative polyadenylation site, AATAAA, at the 3' end. Primer extension analysis and S1 nuclease mapping showed a transcription start point (tsp) 62 bp upstream from the start codon indicating a shorter untranslated region than hGS. Transfection of HeLa cells with cat constructs containing portions of the 5' flanking sequence showed the presence of a functional promoter/enhancer within 200 bp of the tsp, independent of its orientation.
A route for fructose utilization by Escherichia coli involving the fucose regulon.

Fructose can be taken up by Escherichia coli via a variety of membrane-spanning proteins that recognize sugars with the 3,4,5-d-arabino-hexose configuration. Here, we describe a mutant that is devoid of those proteins but takes up fructose via the FucP carrier normally used for the transport of α-l-fucose; this implies that the fructose is taken up in the α- or β-fructopyranose form. For growth, the assimilated fructose is sequentially phosphorylated by ATP and (i) manno(fructo)kinase, to form fructose 6-phosphate, and (ii) phosphofructokinase, to form fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, which is a member of central routes of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. The mutation that confers on the organism the ability to take up fructose via the fucose regulon was located as a deletion of the fucA gene with consequent induction of the proton-linked fucose transporter, FucP.
Second-order heavy-tailed distributions and tail analysis

This correspondence studies the second-order distributions of heavy-tail distributed random variables (RVs). Two models for the heavy-tailed distributions are considered: power law and epsi-contaminated distributions. Special cases of the models considered include 1) RVs formed by the product of two independent, but not necessarily identically distributed, heavy-tailed RVs X and Y, such that Z=XY, and 2) RVs formed through squaring a heavy-tail distributed RV X, such that W=X2. Tail analysis of the RVs, their cross terms, and square values shows the ordering of their tail heaviness. The following results hold strictly for power law distributions and, under mild conditions, for epsi-contaminated distributions: The tail of f Z(x) is heavier than that of fX(x), and the tail of fW(x) is heavier than that of fZ(x), where f (.)(x) denotes the probability density distribution of the corresponding random variable. The heaviness of the tails indicates that robust methods of sample combination and output determination should be utilized to avoid undue influence of outliers and degradation in performance. As examples, the denoising and frequency-selective filtering problems under the derived cross and square statistics for hyperbolic-tailed and epsi-contaminated models are considered. Simulation results indicate that the weighted myriad (WMY) filter outperforms the weighted median (WM) filter, and the WM filter outperforms the weighted sum [finite-impulse-response (FIR)] filter. The results may be exploited in higher order applications of heavy-tailed distributions in networking, such as data traffic modeling, and in nonlinear signal and image processing, such as polynomial and Volterra filtering
Providing scalable on-demand video services for heterogeneous receivers

To provide scalable video-on-demand services, precious system bandwidth must be shared among video requests. Although many efficient bandwidth-sharing techniques have been proposed, they are all designed for homogeneous receivers, i.e., the clients are assumed to have the same receiving bandwidth. For networks with client heterogeneity, these techniques either cannot work or have to compromise their performance. In this paper, we address this problem and propose an efficient solution allowing each client to use its whole receiving bandwidth to download data. To serve a client, the server first selects a set of serving channels for the client according to its actual receiving bandwidth. The video data needed for this client are then scheduled and dynamically adjusted for delivery over these channels. We evaluate the performance of the new technique using simulation and compare it with an existing scheme. Our study shows that by effectively leveraging client heterogeneity, the new technique achieves significantly smaller service latency
The active cochlea.

Peter Dallas Auditory Physiology Laboratory (The Hugh Knowles Center) and Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208 The cochlea is a hydromechanical frequency analyzer located in the inner ear (Fig. 1 a). Its principal role is to perform a real- time spectral decomposition of the acoustic signal in producing a spatial frequency map. The frequency analysis may be un- derstood with the aid of Figure 1 b, which shows a straightened cochlea with a snapshot of its basilar membrane displaced in response to a single-frequency sound (pure tone). Upon delivery of an acoustic signal into the fluid-filled cochlea, the basilar membrane undergoes an oscillatory motion at the frequency of the sound, resulting in a wave traveling toward its distal end. The drawing shows an instantaneous view ofthis traveling wave. The wave is spatially confined along the length of the basilar membrane, and the location of its maximum amplitude is re- lated to the frequency of the sound. The higher the frequency, the more restricted the disturbance to the proximal end. The vibrating membrane supports the sense organ of hearing, the spiral organ of Corti (Fig. 2) which is deformed maximally in the region of the peak of the traveling wave. In this location, the sensory receptor cells of the organ of Corti receive maximal mechanical stimulation, transduce it into maximal electrical signals, and thus produce maximal afferent sensory outflow from the cochlea. Thus, mechanical frequency analysis is performed by matching particular frequencies with particular groups of auditory receptor cells and their nerve fibers. Understanding of frequency analysis in the inner ear pro- gressed through three main epochs. The first was dominated by Helmholtz’s suggestions that lightly damped, spatially ordered, mechanically resonant elements in the cochlea perform the spec- tral analysis (this period was reviewed by Wever, 1949). The second epoch, lasting from the late 1940s to the early 1970s was dominated by von Bekesy’s description of the traveling wave (von BtkCsy, 1960). We are now in the third epoch (an overview of its evolution is given in Dallos, 1988) during which a fundamentally different paradigm has emerged. According to this paradigm, von Btktsy’s traveling wave is boosted by a local electromechanical amplification process in which one of the mammalian ear’s sensory cell groups, outer hair cells, function as both sensors and mechanical feedback elements. The ideas that the operation of a sense organ is dependent upon local mechanical feedback modification by what resembles a sensory receptor cell, that such mechanical feedback may operate at audio frequencies utilizing some novel cellular motor, and that
A lattice Compress-and-Forward strategy for canceling known interference in Gaussian multi-hop channels

We present a nested-lattice encoding and decoding strategy for Compress-and-Forward (CF) relaying. This complements previous work on a nested-lattice encoding and decoding scheme for Decode-and-Forward (DF) relaying, and provides an alternative to random codes for CF relaying which may be a useful coding strategy for larger networks. The proposed nested-lattice CF schemes utility is demonstrated by using it to cancel interference in a two-hop Gaussian network with a source, a relay and a destination, in which additive interference experienced at the relay and known at the destination (but not the source). The proposed scheme achieves the same rate as a CF scheme without interference, and to within 1/2 bit from the “clean” channel outer bound. We further illustrate this schemes power by discussing extensions to multi-hop networks in which one or more interference terms are known by receivers “down-the-line.”
College Students' Disclosure Of Location-Related Information On Facebook

This study drew on existing research and three behavioral intention models to develop the beginning of a new model to explain why college students share their locations on Facebook. Findings showed that students were more likely to disclose their location on Facebook if their friends did so, a concept called subjective norm. Results also showed that subjective norm had an indirect effect on whether people disclosed their location, mediated through people’s attitude toward disclosure, while controlling for usefulness of disclosing. Collectively, this model explained 61% of the variance in why college students share locations on Facebook. Findings are discussed in relation to behavioral-intention models, and practical implications for social media companies are offered.
Estimation of heart-surface potentials using regularized multipole sources

Direct inference of heart-surface potentials from body-surface potentials has been the goal of most recent work on electrocardiographic inverse solutions. We developed and tested indirect methods for inferring heart-surface potentials based on estimation of regularized multipole sources. Regularization was done using Tikhonov, constrained-least-squares, and multipole-truncation techniques. These multipole-equivalent methods (MEMs) were compared to the conventional mixed boundary-value method (BVM) in a realistic torso model with up to 20% noise added to body-surface potentials and /spl plusmn/1 cm error in heart position and size. Optimal regularization was used for all inverse solutions. The relative error of inferred heart-surface potentials of the MEM was significantly less (p<0.05) than that of the BVM using zeroth-order Tikhonov regularization in 10 of the 12 cases tested. These improvements occurred with a fourth-degree (24 coefficients) or smaller multipole moment. From these multipole coefficients, heart-surface potentials can be found at an unlimited number of heart-surface locations. Our indirect methods for estimating heart-surface potentials based on multipole inference appear to offer significant improvement over the conventional direct approach.
The interaction between general practitioners and occupational health professionals in relation to rehabilitation for work: a Delphi study

Background Anecdotally, communication between general practitioners (GPs) and occupational health professionals is poor and acts as a barrier to successful rehabilitation for work. It is not known how widely this view is held by the many stakeholders in rehabilitation for work, or how important the observation is in its effect. Methods A Delphi study was conducted by initial semi-structured telephone interview, followed by a three-round collation and feedback of opinion by e-mail. The 25 participants were identified by suggestion within the study process for their position as key informants within a wide range of stakeholders. Results The process generated a consensus statement which identifies the extremely important nature of rehabilitation for work, the crucial role by GPs, the central role of occupational health professionals in case management and the barrier represented by the often very poor communication between them. Conclusion The way forward is to improve communication by mutual education and understanding and a team approach to rehabilitation strategy. This may be facilitated by the GPs who work in occupational health and disability assessment and the involvement of other health professionals to great benefit for all stakeholders.
The Emerging Genomic Landscape of Endometrial Cancer

BACKGROUND: Endometrial cancer is responsible for approximately 74 000 deaths annually among women worldwide. It is a heterogeneous disease comprising multiple histologic subtypes. In the US, the majority of deaths from endometrial carcinoma are attributed to the serous and endometrioid subtypes. An understanding of the fundamental genomic alterations that drive serous and endometrioid endometrial carcinomas lays the foundation for the identification of molecular markers that could improve the clinical management of patients presenting with these tumors. CONTENT: We review the current state of knowledge regarding somatic genomic alterations that occur in serous and endometrioid endometrial tumors. We present this knowledge in a historical context by reviewing the genomic alterations that studies of individual genes and proteins have identified over the past 2 decades or so. We then review very recent comprehensive and systematic surveys of genomic, exomic, transcriptomic, epigenomic, and proteomic alterations in serous and endometrioid endometrial carcinomas. SUMMARY: The recent mapping of the genomic landscape of serous and endometrioid endometrial carcinomas has produced the first comprehensive molecular classification of these tumors, which has distinguished 4 molecular subgroups: a POLE [polymerase (DNA directed), e, catalytic subunit] ultramutated subgroup, a hypermutated/microsatellite-unstable subgroup, a copy number–low/microsatellite-stable subgroup, and a copy number–high subgroup. This molecular classification may ultimately serve to refine the diagnosis and treatment of women with endometrioid and serous endometrial tumors.
Spectral analysis of polynomial nonlinearity with applications to RF power amplifiers

The majority of the nonlinearity in a communication system is attributed to the power amplifier (PA) present at the final stage of the transmitter chain. In this paper, we consider Gaussian distributed input signals (such as OFDM), and PAs that can be modeled by memoryless or memory polynomials. We derive closed-form expressions of the PA output power spectral density, for an arbitrary nonlinear order, based on the so-called Leonov-Shiryaev formula. We then apply these results to answer practical questions such as the contribution of AM/PM conversion to spectral regrowth and the relationship between memory effects and spectral asymmetry.
PREFERRED HANDEDNESS AS A FACTOR IN THE ABILITY TO FORM A SET BASED ON IMAGINAL SITUATIONS

An experimental study is summarized in which the ability to form a set based on imaginal situations was studied under two conditions: when the imaginal situation is in direct conflict with the preferred handedness of the individual, and when the imaginal situation conforms to the preferred handedness of the individual. A fixated set resulting from the imagined situation of handling objects differing in size manifested itself in the subjects' subsequent perception of objectively equal objects or balls as being unequal. Set was more readily established in those subjects whose handedness conformed with the imaginal situation.
Functional Analysis of Phenotypic Behaviors of a 5-Year-Old Male with Novel 4q21 Microdeletion

The 4q21 microdeletion syndrome is a relatively newer syndrome that has been recently characterized by mild to severe intellectual disability, growth delay, and behavioral problems. The literature reports that aggression and self-injurious behavior have been identified as elements of the 4q21 microdeletion behavioral phenotype (Bonnet et al. in Journal of Medical Genetics, 47, 377–384, 2010; Strehle et al. in American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A, 158A, 2139–2151, 2012; Tsang et al. in American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A, 158A, 2606–2609, 2012). In this case report, functional assessment of aggression and self-injurious behavior of a 5-year-old male with 4q21 microdeletion syndrome was completed to determine the function of behavior and evaluate the effectiveness of behavioral intervention. The assessment result informed treatment subsequently produced a decrease in the occurrence of problem behaviors. This is one of the first functional assessments completed on behaviors associated with 4q21 microdeletion. Furthermore, this study exemplifies the utility of functional assessments in assessing and treating behaviors in those with known genetic conditions.
Organized Corruption Networks

Crime, state, and the economy in Russia have been intricately linked at least since the Brezhnev Era. A large part of the annual gross domestic product is said to have been created by the illegal economy. That meant that state-owned resources were misappropriated for private gain. One can argue that this was a “natural” response to two main deficiencies of the Soviet system: the failure to provide essential and desired goods and services and at the same time the denial of any room for entrepreneurial activity and private initiative in ­general. It is probably safe to say that the prevailing notion was that, for pragmatic reasons, one was justified in engaging in these kinds of illegal activities.
Investigation of the mechanisms contributing to the compensatory increase in insulin secretion during dexamethasone-induced insulin resistance in rhesus macaques.

Dexamethasone has well-described effects to induce insulin resistance and increase insulin secretion. Herein, we examined potential contributors to the effect of dexamethasone to increase insulin secretion in rhesus macaques. Six male rhesus macaques received daily injections of either saline or dexamethasone (0.25 mg/kg i.m. for 7 days) in random order with 3 weeks between treatments. At the end of the treatment period, animals were fasted overnight and underwent a feeding study the next day, during which blood samples were taken before and for 60 min after a meal in order to assess islet hormone and incretin secretion. Dexamethasone induced marked increases in fasting plasma insulin, glucagon, leptin, and adiponectin concentrations (P<0.05). Surprisingly, the glycemic response after meal ingestion was decreased twofold during dexamethasone treatment (P<0.05). Dexamethasone-treated animals exhibited a significant increase in both insulin and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) secretion during the feeding study (P<0.05). However, glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion was significantly lower in dexamethasone-treated animals compared with controls (P<0.01). Fasting and meal-stimulated pancreatic polypeptide concentrations (an index of the parasympathetic input to the islet) did not differ between saline and dexamethasone treatments. However, the proinsulin:insulin ratio was decreased throughout the feeding study with dexamethasone treatment suggesting an improvement of β-cell function (P<0.05). In conclusion, the maintenance of euglycemia and reduction of postprandial glycemia with short-term dexamethasone treatment appears to be due to the marked elevations of fasting and meal-stimulated insulin secretion. Furthermore, increases in postprandial GIP secretion with dexamethasone treatment appear to contribute to the effect of dexamethasone treatment to increase insulin secretion.
Effects of Water Vapor Pressure Deficit on Photochemical and Fluorescence Yields in Tobacco Leaf Tissue

The relationship between photochemical quantum yield (φs) and fluorescence yield have been investigated in leaf tissue from Nicotiana tabacum using CO2 exchange and a modulated fluorescence measuring system. The quantum yield of CO2 fixation at 1.6% (v/v) O2 and limiting irradiance was reduced 20% by increasing the mean H2O vapor pressure deficit (VPD) from 9.2 to 18.6 mbars. As [CO2] and irradiance were varied, the intrinsic quantum yield of open photosystem II units (φs/qQ where qQ is the photochemical fluorescence quenching coefficient) declined linearly with the degree of nonphotochemical fluorescence quenching. The slope and y-intercept values for this function were significantly reduced when the mean VPD was 18.4 millibars relative to 8.9 millibars. Susceptibility of the leaf tissue to photoinhibition was unaffected by VPD. Elevated O2 concentrations (20.5% v/v) reduced the intrinsic quantum yield of net CO2 uptake due to the occurrence of O2-reducing processes. However, the relative effect of high VPD compared to low VPD on intrinsic quantum yield was not dependent on the O2 level. This suggests that the Mehler reaction does not mediate the response of quantum yield to elevated VPD. The results are discussed with regard to the possible role of transpiration stress in regulating dissipation of excitation by electron transport pathways other than noncyclic electron flow supporting reduction of CO2 and/or O2.
An immunohistochemical study of leu 7 and PCNA expression in thyroid neoplasms.

Monoclonal Antibody (MoAb) HNK, or anti-leu-7, is reactive with several neuroendocrine and nonneuroendocrine tumors. The aim of this study is to examine anti-leu-7 reactivity in thyroid neoplasms and its relationship to cellular proliferation as determined by anti-PCNA reactivity. The expression of anti-leu-7 in 56 thyroid neoplasms (24 papillary carcinomas, 14 follicular carcinomas, two medullary carcinomas and 16 follicular adenomas) was examined immunohistochemically. Papillary and follicular thyroid carcinomas reacted with anti-leu-7 in a membranous and cytoplasmic pattern in 88% and 93% of cases, respectively. The adjacent benign tissues were nonreactive. Only eight cases diagnosed as follicular adenomas were reactive with anti-leu-7. Furthermore, the mean proliferative index (PI), as measured by the percentage of nuclei immunoreactive with anti-PCNA, was greater than 30% in all thyroid neoplasms reactive with anti-leu-7. The PI was 58% for papillary carcinomas and 68% and 48% for follicular carcinom...
User Search Terms and Controlled Subject Vocabularies in an Institutional Repository

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the search behavior of institutional repository (IR) users in regard to subjects as a means of estimating the potential impact of applying a controlled subject vocabulary to an IR. Design/methodology/approach Google Analytics data were used to record cases where users arrived at an IR item page from an external web search and subsequently downloaded content. Search queries were compared against the Faceted Application of Subject Terminology (FAST) schema to determine the topical nature of the queries. Queries were also compared against the item’s metadata values for title and subject using approximate string matching to determine the alignment of the queries with current metadata values. Findings A substantial portion of successful user search queries to an IR appear to be topical in nature. User search queries matched values from FAST at a higher rate than existing subject metadata. Increased attention to subject description in IR records may provide an opportunity to improve the search visibility of the content. Research limitations/implications The study is limited to a particular IR. Data from Google Analytics does not provide comprehensive search query data. Originality/value The study presents a novel method for analyzing user search behavior to assist IR managers in determining whether to invest in applying controlled subject vocabularies to IR content.
Effect of Protein Deprivation on Erythropoiesis

The effects of protein deprivation on erythropoietin (Ep) production were studied. The posthypoxia plasma Ep levels of rats fed a protein- free diet for only 1 day prior to being exposed to 0.5 atmosphere for 7 hr were significantly lower than those of comparably hypoxic rats maintained on a normal diet. The postthypoxia plasma Ep levels were even lower in rats kept on protein-depleted diets for longer periods of time. Rats fed diets with 0.5%, 5% or 12% protein content for 6 days had lower posthypoxia plasma Ep levels than those fed a normal diet (20% protein content). When a single protein meal was force-fed to protein-deprived rats 0–4 hr after initiating the exposure to hypoxia, the posthypoxia plasma Ep levels were significantly higher than in protein-deprived rats that were fed water or dextrose. The posthypoxia plasma Ep titers of protein-deprived rats fed protein 4–8 hr prior to exposure to hypoxia did not differ significantly from those of protein- deprived rats. Although the posthypoxia plasma Ep levels of protein- deprived rats fed a hemolysate containing 0.8 g of hemoglobin 4 hr after beginning hypoxia were greater than those of protein-deprived rats fed only water, the rate of oxygen consumption in these two groups did not differ. We conclude that, in addition to its response to the availability of oxygen, Ep production is infl,enced by the availability of amino acids.
Ultrasound-Guided Vascular Access

Vascular access procedures play an important role in pediatric surgical practice. Different clinical situations require different vascular access types including central venous, peripheral venous, and peripheral arterial access. In this chapter, we outline the core technical principles of ultrasound-guided vascular access, with particular focus on equipment selection, patient setup, anatomic landmarks, and key techniques. We describe the use of transverse and in-line transducer orientations and suggest clinical scenarios for the use of each. Finally, we describe a lateral approach technique of tunneled internal jugular venous line placement as well as keys to successfully addressing common difficult access scenarios.
Treatment Approaches for Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer worldwide, and it is responsible for up to one million deaths annually. Although multiple risk factors for HCC have been identifi ed, and despite preventive measures, the incidence of HCC continues to rise to epidemiologic proportions in the United States. In general, tumor resection and orthotopic liver transplantation are the treatment with the best outcome; however, HCC is generally diagnosed late in its course when patients are not eligible for curative treatment options. HCC is a relatively Chemo-refractory tumor secondary to heterogeneity of the tumor and the high rate of multidrug resistant gene expression. There are no standard treatments for HCC, multiple palliative treatment modalities have been used for patients with unresectable disease. None of these modalities have shown any superiority; and the retrospective nature of these available data has confounded any reasonable conclusions. Different institutions use different treatment schema dependent on the center expertise. Sorafenib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has recently demonstrated a survival advantage in metastatic HCC, and if approved by the FDA, might become the standard of care. In this article we will review the rationale behind the currently available treatment options for HCC.
The Markets Reaction To The FASB Stock-Based Compensation Project

Stock-based compensation plans are often used to companies as a method of providing incentive compensation to top executives. In this study we investigate the market response to the announcement and subsequent withdrawal of the FASB stock-based compensation project. Our findings suggest that investors expected the reduction in uncertainty resulting from expensing stock option costs to enhance firm value and were disappointed when the FASB withdrew the project.
Using a teaching OSCE to prompt learners to engage with patients who talk about religion and/or spirituality

Purpose The objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) has only occasionally been used as a teaching tool. The authors describe the initial use of an educational innovation consisting of a teaching OSCE used as sensitizing practice, followed by personal, guided, and group reflection. Method
THE DECAY CONSTANTS fDs AND fD+ FROM LATTICE QCD

Recent calculations of the decay constants in lattice QCD are reviewed and compared to experiment.
Immunoelectrophoretic Patterns of C-Reactive Protein in Serum and In Ascitic Fluid from Patients with Cancer.∗

SummaryThree immunoelectrophoretic types of C-reactive protein, β, γ, and 2H, have been observed in serum from patients with neoplastic and non-neoplastic diseases. Gel diffusion precipitin analysis disclosed no evidence of antigenic heterogeneity. The nature of the electrophoretic dissimilarity was studied by means of dilution, defatting with chloroform, by heating and by enzymatic digestion of CRP in sera and of partially purified CRP recovered from carcinomatous ascitic fluid. The reported studies indicate that C-reactive protein consists of two proteins with different electrophoretic mobilities but with identical antigenicity. The two proteins differ in their susceptibilities to proteolytic enzymes.
Matrix Hyaluronan Promotes Specific MicroRNA Upregulation Leading to Drug Resistance and Tumor Progression

Solid tumor invasion, metastasis and therapeutic drug resistance are the common causes for serious morbidity and cancer recurrence in patients. A number of research studies have searched for malignancy-related biomarkers and drug targets that are closely linked to tumor cell properties. One of the candidates is matrix hyaluronan (HA), which is known as one of the major extracellular matrix (ECM) components. HA serves as a physiological ligand for surface CD44 molecule and also functions as a bio-regulator. The binding of HA to CD44 has been shown to stimulate concomitant activation of a number of oncogenic pathways and abnormal cellular processes in cancer cells and cancer stem cells (CSCs). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) belong to a class of small RNAs containing ~20-25 nucleotides and are known to promote aberrant cellular functions in cancer cells. In this article, I have focused on the role of HA interaction with CD44 and several important signaling molecules in the regulation of unique miRNAs (e.g., miR-21, miR-302 and miR-10b) and their downstream targets leading to multiple tumor cell-specific functions (e.g., tumor cell growth, drug resistance and metastasis) and cancer progression. This new knowledge could provide the groundwork necessary for establishing new tumor markers and developing important, novel drugs targeted against HA/CD44-associated tumor progression, which can be utilized in the therapeutic treatment of metastatic cancer patients.
Production of Heteromeric Transmembrane Receptors with Defined Subunit Stoichiometry.

Signal transduction across cell membranes often requires assembly of heteromeric receptors with defined stoichiometry. In this issue of Structure, Morales-Perez et al. (2016) present elegant methods for the expression of heteromeric nicotinic acetylcholine receptors with a defined α4β2 stoichiometry involving controlled baculovirus-mediated transduction and subunit counting by measurement of two fluorescent signals.
Optimization of BF Slag System for Vanadium-Titanium Magnetite by Comprehensive Weighted Scoring Method

The components of practical blast furnace( BF) slag of vanadium-titanium magnetite provided by a domestic enterprise were adjusted by adding pure chemical reagents under laboratory conditions,then the five factors in four levels orthogonal experiment was carried out and the metallurgical properties of slag samples were investigated using RTW melt property tester.Finally,through the comprehensive weighted scoring method,the suitable BF slag system for smelting vanadium-titanium magnetite was obtained as follows: binary basicity was 1. 15,the content of MgO,Al2O3,TiO2 and V2O5was 14%,13%,7% and 0. 20%,respectively.Besides,the order of each factor affecting comprehensive indexes of slag system was the V2O5 content,MgO content,binary basicity,TiO2 content and Al2O3 content.
Practical Criteria of Static Voltage Stability in Power Systems with High Wind Penetration

The characteristics of static voltage stability in a large-scale wind penetration system are different from that of normal load center.The unique static voltage collapse phenomenon in large-scale wind penetration system is demonstrated based on PV curves.To control the static voltage stability,a calculation method of transfer capability limit is illustrated based on sensitivity analysis.Effective short circuit ratio(ESCR)is also proposed to evaluate the voltage stability of wind power integration system.The proposed methods and ESCR metric have been proved to be practical in a real system and can be used in the system operation and planning.
PHARMACOLOGICAL ANIMAL EXPERIMENTAL FIBRINOLYSIS

Pharmakologische Fibrinolyse kann beim Hunde unter Einhaltung einer einwandfreien Methodik gut untersucht werden. Intravenose Injektion von Carbachol, Atropin, Adrenalin, Pitressin, Natriumnitroferricyanid und Hypertensin, Einatmen von Amylnitrit und kontrollierter hamorrhagischer sowie Elektroschock losen beim Hunde eine ausgepragte fibrinolytische Reaktion aus. Vorbehandlung Adrenalin-, Carbachol- oder Hypertensin-injizierter Tiere mit blockierenden Substanzen verhindert die fibrinolytische Reaktion nicht, reduzierte aber in einigen Fallen ihre Intensitat. Blockierende Substanzen allein haben ebenso wie Pentotalnarkose als solche keinen wesentlichen Einflus auf die fibrinolytische Aktivitat des Hundeplasmas. Die fibrinolytische Reaktion konnte durch wiederholte Injektion der gleichen Wirksubstanz oder serienmasige Injektion verschiedener Wirksubstanzen wiederholt erzielt werden, sei es am gleichen Tage oder an kurz aufeinanderfolgenden Tagen. Das Auftreten der fibrinolytischen Reaktion fallt zeitlich mit dem durch die Wirksubstanzen herbeigefuhrten markanten Veranderungen des Blutdrucks, sei es im Sinne einer Hypo- oder im Sinne einer Hypertonie zusammen; die fibrinolytischen Normalwerte werden jedoch in den meisten Fallen spater erreicht als die Ruckkehr des Blutdruckes zur Norm.
Hormonal Regulation of Testicular Descent: Experimental and Clinical Observations

AbstractHormonal regulation of testicular descent has been investigated. Based on experimental studies using the rat and on a review of clinical material it has been determined that testicular descent is an androgen-mediated event directly under the regulation of pituitary gonadotropin. Furthermore, the active androgenic metabolite involved in this process appears to be dihydrotestosterone, which is synthesized by the testis and must be present in high local concentrations to be effective. In addition to these hormonal requirements the anatomy of the inguinal canal must provide unimpeded migration of the testis into the scrotum. Any imbalance or anomaly of these prerequisites may lead to cryptorchidism.
Fragrance material review on linalyl isovalerate.

A toxicologic and dermatologic review of linalyl isovalerate when used as a fragrance ingredient is presented.
Interpolants in Nonlinear Theories Over the Reals

We develop algorithms for computing Craig interpolants for first-order formulas over real numbers with a wide range of nonlinear functions, including transcendental functions and differential equations. We transform proof traces from $$\delta $$-complete decision procedures into interpolants that consist of Boolean combinations of linear constraints. The algorithms are guaranteed to find the interpolants between two formulas A and B whenever $$A \wedge B$$ is not $$\delta $$-satisfiable. At the same time, by exploiting $$\delta $$-perturbations one can parameterize the algorithm to find interpolants with different positions between A and B. We show applications of the methods in control and robotic design, and hybrid system verification.
NUCLEATION AND ENTROPY COMPENSATION IN BIOLOGICAL ASSEMBLY

The assembly of molecules from solution into larger aggregates de-activates their independent rotational and translational motion, which would represent an insuperable penalty in free energy without a compensatory mechanism for regaining at least some of the lost entropy. Such compensation is provided by the internal rigid- body motion of molecules in protein aggregates such as polymers and crystals. While the concepts behind the contributions of these entropic elements, known as vibrational entropy, are not new, the magnitude of the effects is little appreciated. Based on extensive experiments on sickle cell hemoglobin polymerization, we present examples showing the magnitude of the effects and the role they play in explaining such things as the rapid assembly of fibers compared with crystals. While the examples will be drawn from sickle hemoglobin, the principles and applications of the concepts are quite general. Keywords: Nucleation; sickle-cell disease; self-assembly; kinetics.
Reconstruction of the Isolated Columellar Defect: A Novel 2-Stage Technique and Review of the Literature

The importance of the nasal complex cannot be overstated from a functional, social, and psychological perspective. The goal of reconstruction is to restore the trilaminar composition of the nose. This is accomplished by recreating the nasal lining and providing a cartilaginous framework to simultaneously support a patent airway and project the defining features to the overlying soft tissue. The columella is one of the smallest subunits of the nose, but the loss of this structure has important esthetic and structural implications. The ideal operation for an isolated defect of the columella remains elusive. The ideal reconstruction would match the pigmentation and texture of the surrounding nasal skin and provide a convex contour with underlying structural support. In addition, the donor site would not create a secondary deformity by disrupting normal anatomy. This report describes a novel 2-stage technique for reconstruction of the columella and reviews the current literature.
Differential protein expression in exosomal samples taken from trauma patients

Traumatic brain injuries (TBI) are among the most misdiagnosed and underreported types of head trauma. The potential long-term impact of undiagnosed or incorrectly identified concussions and other head injuries are potentially devastating, as evidenced by the increasing societal burden exhibited by soldiers returning from combat and athletes in contact sports. Concussions and TBI are notoriously difficult to correctly diagnose and prognosis for these injuries is poorly understood. In order to increase the likelihood of successful diagnosis, treatment, and prediction of outcomes, a definitive differential diagnosis will need to be established. The establishment of a "trauma-specific profile" or a panel of known trauma markers will significantly aid in this goal. Small membrane vesicles called exosomes have been shown to contain proteins and injury-specific biomarkers. In the future it is possible that they could become an important tool, utilized for their diagnostic and therapeutic potential.
Artificial Intelligence and the Control of Electric Power Systems

Abstract This paper is principally about expert systems and prospects for the use of present day expert systems methodology in the operation and control of power systems. A number of select systems are described briefly and application areas suggested include security assessment, operator training, and planning. A specific way of encoding a large amount of system knowledge efficiently into a knowledge source is also described.
A Global-Scale Multi-resolution Study of Surface Air Quality Impacts from Commercial Aircraft Emissions

The Model for Ozone and Related chemical Tracers, version 4 (MOZART-4), an offline global-scale chemistry-transport model was applied to assess air quality impacts focusing on ground-level O3 and PM2.5 due to full-flight (during cruise (CRZ) mode, and landing/take-off (LTO) activities) commercial aircraft emissions. MOZART-4 was run at two different horizontal resolutions—the first at 2.4 × 1.9°, which is typical of most global-scale models, and a second at a much finer resolution of 0.67 × 0.5°, and using 56 and 72 vertical layers, respectively, for the year 2005. Overall, emissions during LTO modes cause higher impacts on surface PM2.5 concentrations than CRZ. Full flight impact on surface PM2.5 concentration was ~0.018–0.023 μg/m3 which is in the range of estimates reported by previous studies. However, we saw that CRZ mode had higher contribution on surface O3 than from LTO; totally, aircraft attributed global annual average surface O3 was ~2.0–2.4 ppbv, higher than previously reported values.
Utilization of hypofractionated radiotherapy in treatment of glioblastoma multiforme in elderly patients not receiving adjuvant chemoradiotherapy: A National Cancer Database Analysis.

To assess the utilization and outcomes of adjuvant monotherapy with hypofractionated radiation (RT) among elderly patients not receiving traditional adjuvant chemoradiotherapy (cRT) for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). A retrospective analysis using the National Cancer Data Base with GBM patients aged 65 years or older treated between 2005 and 2012 was conducted. Patients who underwent hypofractionated RT (40 Gy), conventional RT (60 Gy), chemotherapy, or best supportive care alone were included. Statistical methods included logistic regression for utilization and Cox regression for survival analysis. A total of 9556 patients were analyzed. On multivariate analysis (compared to those receiving conventional RT), patients more likely to be treated with hypofractionated RT were older (75–84 years old OR 2.05; p 50 miles from their treatment facility (50–100 miles OR 8.03; p 100 miles OR 7.16; p < 0.01), treated at an Academic/Research facility (OR 2.85; p = 0.04), and diagnosed between 2011 and 2012 (OR 4.15; p < 0.01). On Cox regression, hypofractionated RT (HR 0.65; p < 0.01), conventional RT (HR 0.60; p < 0.01), and chemotherapy alone (HR 0.69; p < 0.01) were all associated with decreased risk of death compared to no adjuvant therapy. Among patients receiving adjuvant treatment, utilization of hypofractionated RT increased from 7 to 19% during the study period. Among elderly patients with GBM not receiving cRT, the utilization of adjuvant monotherapy with hypofractionated RT has increased over time. Retrospective evidence suggests it may be better than best supportive care alone and as good as conventionally fractionated RT alone.
Usual Susceptibility Patterns of Common Moulds and Systemic Fungi

The in vitro susceptibility patterns of some of the common moulds such as Aspergillus spp., Fusarium spp., and other hyaline moulds; Zygomycetes, and dematiaceous moulds such as Alternaria spp., Curvularia spp., Exophiala spp., and other black moulds are described in this chapter. For some isolates such as A. fumigatus and A. flavus results are fairly predictable, and isolates are often susceptible to all agents tested; others such as Fusarium sp. may demonstrate less predictable patterns that require that susceptibility be performed for each isolate of significance. In this chapter, we describe the most common susceptibility patterns as found in the published literature, including some geographic differences throughout various parts of the world where results have been reported.
Advances in Critical Cultural Criminology: An Analysis of Reactions to Avant-Garde Flag Art

As a popular motif in American art, images ofthe United States flag remind citizens of the importanceof culture in promoting patriotism. Still, theprevailing aesthetic commands a dignifiedrepresentation of the Stars and Stripes,shunning political criticism and disrespect forthe nation's most cherished emblem. Amid thecontroversy over flag burning in 1989, artistDread Scott unveiled his work What is theProper Way to Display the U.S. Flag? at theSchool of the Art Institute of Chicago. In thatpiece, the U.S. flag was placed on the floor ofthe gallery, inciting enormous public outrage.As a form of interactive art, Scott invitedvisitors to record their thoughts about theflag in a ledger book furnished at the exhibit.More than 1,600 messages were transcribed inthe ledger book, thus becoming an intriguingsource of unobtrusive data. This researchexplores societal reaction to Scott's artworkthrough a content analysis of the entriescontained in the ledger book. Whileinterpreting prominent themes framing theconflict over flag desecration, this workcontributes to a critical cultural criminology.In particular, the analysis brings to theforefront the significance of power,hierarchies, and social inequality drivingcriminalization campaigns aimed at controllingavant-garde flag art and political dissent.
Speech intelligibility in adverse conditions in recorded virtual auditory environments

The purpose of this investigation was to examine the effects of presentation mode on speech intelligibility in adverse listening conditions as signal-to-noise ratio was systematically varied in anechoic and reverberant environments. Speech intelligibility scores were obtained from 21 normally hearing listeners using a nonsense syllable test. The syllables were recorded in three environments (mono anechoic, spatial anechoic and spatial reverberant) at three SNR (0, 5, and 9dB) using two simultaneous interfering sound sources. The findings indicate (a) percent correct performance was about 40% lower with the traditional diotic presentation compared to a virtual presentation; (b) performance in the virtual reverberant was about 5% lower than in the virtual anechoic environment.
R Graphics and Trellis Plots

R can do presentation- and publication-quality graphics. This chapter shows you how to produce plots in actually published articles from the open-access journal Judgment and Decision-Making. Effective visual display of complex data often require trial-and-error manipulation of labels, line styles, axes, fonts, etc., and you should consult the help pages and the “An Introduction to R” document on the CRAN website for more details. The emphasis in this chapter is on the use of graphics for data exploration, but we provide some leads into the more advanced uses such as plotting clustered data.