cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Scaling of Calcium, Inorganic Contents, and Organic Contents to Body Mass During the Molting Cycle of the Fresh-Water Crayfish Procambarus Clarkii (Girard)

ABSTRACT Allometric relationships were derived for calcium, inorganic contents, and organic contents of the crayfish Procambarus clarkii (0.012-33 g) at various stages in the molting cycle. Whole body parameters were measured at intermolt, ecdysis, and postmolt (1 week); determinations were also made on shed exuviae and gastroliths. Significant linear relationships on log-transformed data were obtained for all parameters. Scaling exponents for mineral content varied from 0.93-1.27, agreeing closely with scaling of supportive tissue mass in a range of species possessing both exo- and endoskeletons. Regression relationships were interpolated for hypothetical 1-and 30-g crayfish. Larger crayfish demineralize their cuticle more effectively prior to ecdysis; even so, exuviae constitute an avenue for significant mineral loss (30 cf. 50%). They also store less mineral between molts, excreting increasing amounts into the external water. Gastroliths are the major form of mineral storage especially in small crayfish (74 cf. 57%). Large postmolt crayfish are more mineral deplete (15%) than small crayfish (35%). Within 1 week of postmolt, 1-g crayfish have surpassed intermolt mineral content, by branchial uptake from external water. Their rapid rate of remineralization is commensurate with their increased molting frequency. In the same time period, larger crayfish have recovered only 30% of their intermolt mineral content. Continued branchial uptake, together with ingestion of shed exuviae or other food sources, would restore mineral balance. Irrespective of size, crayfish lose 15% organic matter in the exuviae at ecdysis. In the absence of food, postmolt crayfish draw on organic reserves for energy.
Effects of Hyperbaric Oxygenation on Metabolism III. Succinic Dehydrogenase, Acid Phosphatase, Cathepsin and Soluble Nitrogen.

Summary1. Succinic dehydrogenase, ca-thepsin and acid phosphatase activities and soluble and total nitrogen were determined in homogenates of the cerebral hemispheres, liver and kidney from rats previously exposed to normal air, and 100% oxygen for 2 hours at 1 and 3 atmospheres, and for 11/2 hours at 5 atmospheres. 2. HPO caused a decrease of succinic dehydrogenase activity and an increase in free lysosomal enzymatic activities with increasing pressure. 3. There was a slight decrease in percent soluble nitrogen at 1 and 3 atmospheres, and a marked increase at 5 atmospheres. 4. Increased free lysosomal enzyme activities and subsequent solubilization of protein structures are major destructive factors in high pressure oxygen toxicity.
Microwave Characterization of a Thick Film System for Hybrid Packaging Applications

Abstract Thick film material systems for hybrid applications have existed for many years and have provided the ability to create high density interconnects in industries such as consumer, military, telecommunications and automotive electronic devices. Despite their breadth of applications, thick film hybrid circuits are rarely utilized for microwave/millimeter-wave packaging applications. In this work, the DuPont™ QM44 thick film dielectric is characterized up to 40 GHz. Test samples to characterize this thick film system consisted of the screen-printed QM44 multilayer dielectric and QG150 gold thick film conductor and vias on top of a 96% alumina substrate. Three different fabrication methods were used in the fabrication of the test samples to illustrate the effect of processing techniques on material loss properties, with the conductor lines formed through standard screen printing, chemical etching, and laser ablation. Laser ablation is a technique recently utilized to form transmission line features in...
Worldview: Implications for Culturally Responsive and Ethical Practice

Chapter 3 focuses on the concept of worldview, and the implications it has for counseling across cultures, ethnicities, genders, sexual orientations, religion/spirituality, etc. A method for assessing worldview, as identified by core values and assumptions is presented, i.e., Scale to Assess World View-II© (SAWV-II) along with research findings on the original SAWV and the revised version. The chapter identifies how the concept of worldview can help in establishing a positive therapeutic relationship, and the usefulness of the concept of worldview to facilitate counseling interventions. It highlights how clients with different worldviews identified by the SAWV-II can be facilitated using an existential counseling approach.
23Na-NMR studies of NaxCoO2 cathode materials

Abstract Two samples of oxidized sodium cobalt oxide, Na x CoO 2 , where x = 0.3 and 0.7, have been studied by variable-temperature wide-line 23 Na-NMR. All spectra exhibit a substantially paramagnetic-shifted response characterized by 2nd-order quadrupole broadening and a diamagnetic-shifted weaker response. The paramagnetic shifts are attributed to spins localized on cobalt atoms. The 2nd-order quadrupolar splitting is resolved for x = 0.7; whereas the lineshapes obtained for x = 0.3 do not show the resolution and indicate a more symmetric sodium environment and/or a greater degree of ion mobility. Lineshapes for the two compositions behave somewhat differently as the temperature is changed, although both samples exhibit gradual line-narrowing over the entire range (−150 to 100 °C). Spin-lattice relaxation time measurements reflect the presence of inequivalent sodium environments, with one distribution of sodium environments characterized by long relaxation times (10 ms–200 ms) and another set of environments characterized by much shorter times ( μ s).
Detecting Commmunities via Simultaneous Clustering of Graphs and Folksonomies

We present a simple technique for detecting communities by utilizing both the link structure and folksonomy (or tag) information that is readily available in most social media systems. A simple way to describe our approach is by defining a community as a set of nodes in a graph that link more frequently to within this set than outside it and they share similar tags. Our technique is based on the Normalized Cut (NCut) algorithm and can be easily and efficiently implemented. We validate our method by using a real network of blogs and tag information obtained from a social bookmarking site. We also verify our results on a citation network for which we have access to ground truth cluster information. Our method, Simultaneous Cut (SimCut), has the advantage that it can group related tags and cluster the nodes simultaneously.
Dispensing Units (Carbon Dioxide, Nitrous Oxide, etc.)

Besides for liquid nitrogen (LN), equipment to deliver other cryogens for dermatological purposes is available. Carbon dioxide can be shaped to adapt to lesions or areas to be frozen for cryotherapy and ablation; Carbon dioxide gas dispensing units are available. Nitrous oxide dispensing equipment is in the market. Some units as small as pens, using cartridges of the above gasses compressed are also available. So are units that dispense cryogenic mixtures. A unit that externally cools tips is featured as well.
Influence of Anvil Properties on RDX Thin Layer Ignition Behavior

We report on a drop-impact protocol that arrests sample radial flow to isolate how anvil properties influence ignition in a thin layer of RDX powder. To eliminate sliding friction as a probable heating mechanism, flow arrestment was provided by a waxed weighing paper that shielded the RDX layer from direct contact with the impact surfaces. RDX reaction sensitivity under bare and shielded conditions for the standard O1 hardened steel anvil was compared with that for two deformable anvil types: 1018 steel and C110 copper. Profilometer measurements of anvil deformation and paper impressions quantified anvil plastic work and final radial flow displacement. Post-test particle analyses correlated particle size distribution to ignition results. Experiments indicated that the impact energy absorbed by the anvils was varied and inhibited ignition accordingly. For the standard anvil, ignition was not inhibited under flow arrestment, suggesting that significant radial sliding or flow is not essential for thin layer ignition.
Trastuzumab treatment and the risk of central nervous system (CNS) metastases

1018 Background: In the era of trastuzumab, HER2-positive breast cancer confers an increased risk of central nervous system (CNS) metastases. While several studies have examined CNS metastases in t...
László Moholy-Nagy’s Painting Materials: From Substance to Light

ABSTRACT This article presents results from an extensive scientific examination of the painting materials used by Laszlo Moholy-Nagy. The artist employed modern materials, such as metals and plasti...
Projected Population, Growth, and Displacement from Geothermal Development

With a complicated geothermal energy source, there are many pathways that the development process can take, depending on such factors as total amount of recoverable energy, land ownership, permitting and regulatory processes, drilling costs, community and extralocal leadership, energy consumer market area, etc. It is impossible to project all such unknowns ahead of time, in part because there is only one U.S. geothermal field in active production—the The Geysers steam resource with about 600 MWe of installed electrical generating capacity. Hence, projections for different types for Imperial County can only be performed with simplifying assumptions. County population projections were done, based on differing assumptions of buildup in geothermal capacities (Pick et al., 1976). These, in turn, were used to project county interindustry interactions (Lofting, 1977) and county revenues and taxes (Rose, 1977).
Discovery of a Calcium‐Dependent Enzymatic Cascade for the Selective Assembly of Hapalindole‐Type Alkaloids: On the Biosynthetic Origin of Hapalindole U

Hapalindole U (4) is a validated biosynthetic precursor to ambiguine alkaloids (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2016, 55, 5780), of which biogenetic origin remains unknown. The recent discovery of AmbU4 (or FamC1) protein encoded in the ambiguine biosynthetic pathway (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2015, 137, 15366), an isomerocyclase that can rearrange and cyclize geranylated indolenine (2) to a previously unknown 12-epi-hapalindole U (3), raised the question whether 3 is a direct precursor to 4 or an artifact arising from the limited in vitro experiments. Here we report a systematic approach that led to the discovery of an unprecedented calcium-dependent AmbU1-AmbU4 enzymatic complex for the selective formation of 4. This discovery refuted the intermediacy of 3 and bridged the missing links in the early-stage biosynthesis of ambiguines. This work further established the isomerocyclases involved in the biogenesis of hapalindole-type alkaloids as a new family of calcium-dependent enzymes, where the metal ions are shown critical for their enzymatic activities and selectivities.
Graphene surface plasmons mediated thermal radiation

A graphene nanostructure can simultaneously serve as a plasmonic optical resonator and a thermal emitter when thermally heated up. The unique electronic and optical properties of graphene have rendered tremendous potential in the active manipulation of light and the microscopic energy transport in nanostructures. Here we show that the thermally pumped surface plasmonic modes along graphene nanoribbons could dramatically modulate their thermal emission spectra in both near- and far-fields. Based on the fluctuating surface current method implemented by the resistive boundary method, we directly calculate the thermal emission spectrum from single graphene ribbons and vertically paired graphene ribbons. Furthermore, we demonstrate that both the near- and far-field thermal emission from graphene nanostructures can be optimized by tuning the chemical potential of doped graphene. The general guideline to maximize the thermal emission is illustrated by the our recently developed theory on resonant thermal emitters modulated by quasi-normal modes.
Information Entropy Suggests Stronger Nonlinear Associations between Hydro-Meteorological Variables and ENSO.

Understanding the teleconnections between hydro-meteorological data and the El Nino-Southern Oscillation cycle (ENSO) is an important step towards developing flood early warning systems. In this study, the concept of mutual information (MI) was applied using marginal and joint information entropy to quantify the linear and non-linear relationship between annual streamflow, extreme precipitation indices over Mekong river basin, and ENSO. We primarily used Pearson correlation as a linear association metric for comparison with mutual information. The analysis was performed at four hydro-meteorological stations located on the mainstream Mekong river basin. It was observed that the nonlinear correlation information is comparatively higher between the large-scale climate index and local hydro-meteorology data in comparison to the traditional linear correlation information. The spatial analysis was carried out using all the grid points in the river basin, which suggests a spatial dependence structure between precipitation extremes and ENSO. Overall, this study suggests that mutual information approach can further detect more meaningful connections between large-scale climate indices and hydro-meteorological variables at different spatio-temporal scales. Application of nonlinear mutual information metric can be an efficient tool to better understand hydro-climatic variables dynamics resulting in improved climate-informed adaptation strategies.
Encephalitis lethargica (von Economo's encephalitis).

Abstract In the midst of the Great War (World War I), a peculiar neurologic disease swept large parts of the world in an epidemic fashion. The illness, encephalitis lethargica or von Economo's encephalitis, was characterized by both an acute and chronic phase. The former typically arose on the heels of febrile upper respiratory infection and was characterized by somnolence, asthenia, ocular palsies, and a wide variety of movement disorders. The chronic phase was a common, although not invariable, sequela and occurred months to years later. It was most often characterized by parkinsonism, referred to as postencephalitic parkinsonism, and through the middle of the 20th century may have been responsible for as many as one-half of all parkinsonism cases. This disorder differed from idiopathic Parkinson's disease by the presence of oculogyric crises, alterations in sleep cycle, respiratory disturbances, corticospinal tract findings, and its appearance in young persons. Pathologic studies of encephalitis lethargica revealed a polioencephalitis with predominant involvement of the diencephalon and mesencephalon. The precise etiology of this disorder remains a conundrum. Most investigators suspect a viral etiology. An association with the almost concurrently occurring pandemic influenza epidemic has been proposed, but the preponderance of evidence does not fully support that etiology. Sporadic cases of postencephalitic parkinsonism continue to be reported. There is nothing in the history of medicine to compare with the phantasmagoria of disorder manifested in the course of this strange malady … Into the maze of contradictory phenomena it seemed almost impossible to read anything like a rationalized order of events which might be termed a disease entity (McKenzie, 1927).
Working science into fundraising.

My career had reached a high point. I'd been promoted the previous year to the next level of nontenured research faculty, my experimental mouse system was finally up and running, collaborations were coming together, and I was excited to march down the list of questions I wanted to answer. Then,
Mexican Households' Purchases of Foods and Beverages Vary by Store-Type, Taxation Status, and SES.

Where people shop for food is often linked to the healthiness of food purchases. In Mexico, no research has examined the connection between where people shop, what they buy, and their socioeconomic status (SES). Mexico’s sugary beverage and junk food taxes have made households decrease purchases of taxed products. However, whether households have changed where they shop is unknown. To address this gap, we use a repeated cross-sectional analysis of household packaged food and beverage purchases from the Nielsen Mexico Consumer Panel Survey from 2012 to 2015 (n > 5500 households). We examine changes in the volume of the purchase of taxed and untaxed products from different store-types (i.e., convenience stores, supermarkets, traditional retailers, wholesalers, home water-delivery, and others) by SES using multivariate linear regression models. Results show that high-SES households purchased more foods and beverages at all store-types except for low-SES who purchased the most foods and taxed beverages at traditional retailers. Purchases of taxed foods and beverages from traditional retailers significantly decreased for low-SES and middle-SES households and from supermarkets for middle-SES and high-SES households. Purchases of untaxed beverages from wholesalers significantly increased for middle-SES households and from convenience stores for high-SES households. Our findings suggest that consumers choose different stores to purchase beverages than to purchase foods and that taxes may have differentially affected each store-type.
Evolution in the role of stereotactic radiosurgery in patients with multiple brain metastases: An international survey.

Abstract Objective Currently no firm consensus exists regarding utilization of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) alone versus whole brain radiation (WBRT) ± SRS in patients with multiple brain metastases. The International Gamma Knife Research Foundation conducted a survey to review international practice patterns. Methods Through 2 international radiosurgery societies, clinicians who are involved in the radiosurgical management of patients with brain metastases were invited to complete a questionnaire. Respondents selected therapeutic options based on brief case vignettes and could select (1) SRS alone, (2) SRS with adjuvant WBRT, (3) WBRT alone, or (4) omission of upfront local radiation. Results A total of 71 respondents replied to the survey, including 41 radiation oncologists (57%), 24 neurosurgeons (34%), and 6 (8%) other clinicians. For a patient with 7 brain metastases (NSCLC), all under 1 cm, and stable extracranial disease, 77% would perform SRS alone and 17% would recommend WBRT alone. For a patient with 7 or more brain metastases, the majority selected SRS alone, irrespective of tumor histology (p > 0.5). However, neurosurgeons would more often utilize SRS alone or SRS combined with WBRT compared to radiation oncologists (p = 0.002). Key clinical factors in selection were KPS (82% of respondents), total tumor volume (81%), number (80%), and less-so histology (42%). Conclusion Regardless of number of metastases, patients with small total volume of brain disease, high KPS, or who are receiving novel therapies are often recommended to undergo SRS. Neurosurgeons more often recommend SRS, emphasizing the importance of additional studies to clarify the role of SRS in these patients.
“The Legacy of a ‘Living Library’: On the Reception of John Smith”

John Smith (1618–1652) was among the first of the Cambridge Platonists. He was therefore in a position to influence not only his contemporaries but all those who followed after him well into the twentieth century and beyond. Well established lines of influence both to and from Whichcote, Cudworth, and More are explored first before moving on to less well-known connections to Bishop Simon Patrick and mathematician Isaac Barrow. Smith’s continued significance for eighteenth century theology is demonstrated through discussion of his inspiration of the doctrines of spiritual sensation developed by Jonathan Edwards and John Wesley. Special notice is also given to Smith’s authority as an interpreter of Biblical prophecy through the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. The chapter concludes with looks at Smith’s influence on Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Ralph Waldo Emerson, William Ralph Inge, Rufus Jones, Pierre Hadot, and others. This chapter, offers a broad, but highly selective, overview of the reception and influence of Smith’s life and work. It is intended, however, as a call for future research more than as an authoritative presentation of Smith’s legacy. For, if the Cambridge Platonists have been underappreciated until recently, none of them have been unjustly ignored as consistently as Smith.
Fumbled Call: The Bear Bryant–Wally Butts Football Scandal That Split the Supreme Court and Changed American Libel Law

Wally Butts, the University of Georgia athletic director and former football coach, placed a fifteen-minute phone call to Paul “Bear” Bryant, the University of Alabama football coach, nine days bef...
Gate-tunable terahertz emission at oxide interfaces via ultrafast spin-to-charge current conversion

We demonstrate gate-tunable spintronic terahertz (THz) emission at the interface of LaAlO 3 / SrTiO 3 due to ultrafast spin-to-charge current conversion. The soft phonon mode of SrTiO 3 is also observed in the emitted THz spectra. © 2019 The Author(s)
A Basic System of Equations for the Motion of a Fluid with Variable Flow Rate in the Bilateral Flow Offtake

All theoretical studies conducted in modern hydrodynamics are based on a system of Eulerian equations, a continuity equation, and a characteristic equation [1]. In the area of hydraulics that is concerned with a one-dimensional motion, the basis for all theoretical investigations is a system of three equations: (i) a Bernoulli equation, which is a particular solution of the Eulerian system, (ii) a flow equation, which is an analog of the continuity equation, and (iii) a characteristic equation. These equations are used to study the motion of a fluid at a constant flow rate. For the case of motion of a fluid at a variable flow rate, these equations must be modified and augmented with new equations to make the system complete. Most studies were mainly concerned with formulating a “basic equation” for the motion of a fluid at a variable flow rate. For the first time, the problem of constructing a general complete system of equations for the motion of a fluid at a variable flow rate for unilateral division of the flow was brought to a logical conclusion by Kiselev [2]. To follow suit, it was our goal in this study to set up a general complete system of equations for the motion of a fluid at a variable flow rate for bilateral division of the flow. General equations for the fluid motion at a variable flow rate for bilateral flow offtake. We consider a model for constructing general equations. From the main stream flowing through a constraint space (a river, a channel, etc.), part of the fluid is uniformly and simultaneously diverted. Within an infinitesimal time interval At, the masses m lo and m ro moving with the velocities u lo and u ro are instantaneously diverted from the main stream of mass m moving with the velocity u (here the subscripts “lo” and “ro” denote the left-side offtake and right-side offtake, respectively). At the instant of diversion, the remaining mass m – m lo – m ro has the velocity u + Au = u. The lapse of time from At to dt is is a continuous process involving the change in mass. One can assume that at any instant of the unit time interval within the volume of fluid AW, the system in question can be partitioned into two parts: one is the mass of the main stream m, and the other is the diverted masses m lo and m ro . The space of volume AW is filled with fluid masses of the main and diverted flows. The fluid motion is assumed to be uninter
Predicting product return volume using machine learning methods

Abstract In 2015, U.S. consumers returned goods worth $261 billion and the return rates for online sales sometimes exceeded 30%. Manufacturers and retailers have an interest in predicting return volume to address operational challenges in managing product returns. In this paper, we develop and test data-driven models for predicting return volume at the retailer, product type and period levels using a rich data set comprised of detailed operations on each product, and retailer information. The goal is to achieve a good prediction accuracy out of sample. We consider main effects and detailed interaction effects models using various machine learning methods. We find that Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) yields a predictive model achieving the best prediction accuracy for future return volume due to its ability to select informative interaction terms out of more than one thousand possible combinations. The LASSO model also turns in consistent performance based on several robustness tests and is easy to implement in practice. Our work provides a general predictive model framework for manufacturers to track product returns.
Another Step Forward: Engaging the Political in Learning

When we proposed this special issue, it was in response to an invitation extended in this journal by Philip, Bang, and Jackson (2018) for the learning sciences to examine the “cultural and politica...
Online Geometric Discrepancy for Stochastic Arrivals with Applications to Envy Minimization.

Consider a unit interval $[0,1]$ in which $n$ points arrive one-by-one independently and uniformly at random. On arrival of a point, the problem is to immediately and irrevocably color it in $\{+1,-1\}$ while ensuring that every interval $[a,b] \subseteq [0,1]$ is nearly-balanced. We define \emph{discrepancy} as the largest imbalance of any interval during the entire process. If all the arriving points were known upfront then we can color them alternately to achieve a discrepancy of $1$. What is the minimum possible expected discrepancy when we color the points online? We show that the discrepancy of the above problem is sub-polynomial in $n$ and that no algorithm can achieve a constant discrepancy. This is a substantial improvement over the trivial random coloring that only gets an $\widetilde{O}(\sqrt n)$ discrepancy. We then obtain similar results for a natural generalization of this problem to $2$-dimensions where the points arrive uniformly at random in a unit square. This generalization allows us to improve recent results of Benade et al.\cite{BenadeKPP-EC18} for the online envy minimization problem when the arrivals are stochastic.
Interlaboratory Precision in the Monitoring of Unfractionated Heparin Using the Anti-Factor Xa-Correlated Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time

Although the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) remains the most widely used method for monitoring unfractionated heparin (UFH) therapy, it is affected by a number of preanalytic, analytic, and biological variables, which undermine both its accuracy and precision. In an effort to improve the accuracy and precision of laboratory monitoring of UFH, the College of American Pathologists (CAP) and the American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP) have issued guidelines recommending that the therapeutic range of the aPTT be defined in each laboratory through correlation with a direct measurement of heparin activity such as the factor Xa inhibition assay (anti-FXa). Whether and to what extent this approach enhances the precision of UFH monitoring has not been reported. We conducted a cross-validation study among 4 CAP-accredited coagulation laboratories to assess the interlaboratory precision of the anti-FXa-correlation method. An aPTT and anti-FXa were performed in each laboratory on plasma samples from 44 inpatients receiving UFH. Interlaboratory precision of the anti-FXa-correlation method was compared to that of the traditional 1.5–2.5 times the upper limit of normal (ULN) method for defining the therapeutic aPTT range. Modest to poor intralaboratory correlation between the aPTT and anti-FXa was observed in each of the 4 laboratories. The coefficients of determination (R2) ranged from 0.1962 to 0.6964. In accordance with CAP guidelines, the anti-FXa-derived therapeutic aPTT range was defined by linear regression corresponding to a range of anti-FXa activity of 0.3 – 0.7 units/ml. In each laboratory, the range defined by this method was broader than that defined using the ULN method. In 3 of the laboratories, the therapeutic range defined by the anti-FXa-correlation method extended more than 20 seconds beyond the upper limit of the therapeutic range defined by the ULN approach. Based on the laboratory-specific therapeutic ranges defined by both methods, samples were segregated into therapeutic category [i.e. below therapeutic (BT), therapeutic (T), or above therapeutic (AT)]. Using the ULN method, there was agreement among all 4 laboratories regarding the therapeutic category in 22 (50%) samples, whereas consensus was achieved in only 7 (16%) samples with the anti-FXa-correlation method. Furthermore, 3 (7%) samples were simultaneously determined to be BT and AT in different laboratories by the anti-FXa-correlation method, suggesting that the dose of UFH might be increased in one center and decreased in another for the same patient encounter. This striking discrepancy was not observed with the ULN method. In conclusion, the anti-FXa-correlation method for defining the therapeutic range of the aPTT does not enhance the interlaboratory precision of UFH laboratory monitoring and may be inferior to the ULN method in this regard. Clinical studies are needed to assess the impact of these findings on patient safety.
Cost optimization and reliability assessment of a microgrid with large-scale plug-in electric vehicles participating in demand response programs

In this paper, an effective objective function is proposed to minimize the cost of operation of a microgrid with large-scale plug-in electric vehicles and renewable energy resources. The profit of ...
Analysis of Outcomes in 8304 Patients Undergoing Lead Extraction for Infection.

Background Patients undergoing lead extraction for infected devices have worse outcomes compared with those with noninfected devices. We assessed predictors of in‐hospital mortality and procedure‐r...
The Merit to Phenotypic Modification Treatment for Dental Implants: Two Case Reports.

INTRODUCTION The American Academy of Periodontology convened a Best Evidence Consensus workgroup in August 2019 in Chicago, IL to address whether the conversion of a thin to a thick tissue phenotype through various phenotype modification therapy (PhMT) can positively influence peri-implant health. CASE SERIES PhMT was applied to two dental implant cases using subepithelial connective tissue grafting to increase peri-implant keratinized tissue. These cases demonstrated that when PhMT was used in either a reactive or proactive manner, the keratinized tissue improvement can support long-term peri-implant health. CONCLUSION PhMT can prevent further gingival recession and provide a more stable environment conducive to maintaining peri-implant health.
The Role of Credit Attributes in Explaining the Homeownership Gap Between Whites and Minorities Since the Financial Crisis, 2012–2018

Homeownership rates have been slow to recover since the financial crisis. Minority groups such as Blacks and Hispanics have been particularly slow to transition to homeownership. Using uniquely con...
Using integrated marketing communications to promote country personality via government websites

Consumers tend to attribute human-like traits to a country. Applying theories of country personality and integrated marketing communications, this study examines country personalities as reflected in the website content of government agencies across functions. Specifically, this study used LIWC-based textual analysis to explore the Big Five personality dimensions in the text of government websites. Four ministries of China and South Korea's government with public diplomacy responsibilities were identified: ministries of agriculture, education, tourism & culture, and foreign affairs. Text data on 24 government websites were collected for this study in 2018. Our findings show that countries are different in presenting personalities via the website content of government branches. South Korean government focuses on the branches of foreign affairs and tourism & culture in presenting personalities of agreeableness, extraversion, and conscientiousness. In contrast, the Chinese government focuses on the branches of education and tourism & culture in presenting an openness personality. The findings suggest that a consistent presentation of country personality across websites of different government branches may depend upon structural and cultural characteristics of governing. Homepages and inside pages serve different strategic purposes to create positive presentation of country personality.
High-fidelity simulation and nurse clinical competence-An integrative review.

AIM: The aim of this review was to synthesise current knowledge of high-fidelity simulation practices and its impact on nurse clinical competence in the acute care setting. BACKGROUND: There is no consensus or standardisation surrounding best practices for the delivery of high-fidelity simulation in the acute care setting. This is an understudied area. DESIGN: An integrative review using Johns Hopkins Nursing Evidence-Based Practice Model. METHODS: Medical subject heading terms 'Clinical Competence', AND 'High Fidelity Simulation Training', AND 'Clinical Deterioration' were systematically searched in PubMed, CINAHL and Embase databases for peer-reviewed literature published through September 2020. The current study was evaluated using PRISMA checklist. RESULTS: Seven studies met the inclusion criteria. Three main concepts were identified: modes of delivery, approach to learner participation and outcome measurement. CONCLUSIONS: This review substantiated the use of high-fidelity simulation to improve acute care nurses' early identification and management of clinical deterioration. Global variations in course design and implementation highlight the need for future approaches to be standardised at the regional level (i.e., country-centric approach) where differing scopes of practice and sociocultural complexities are best contextualised. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: These findings add to the growing body of evidence of simulation science. Important considerations in course planning and design for nursing clinical educators were uncovered. This is especially relevant given the current COVID-19 pandemic and urgent need to train redeployed nurses safely and effectively from other units and specialties to acute care.
Designing a Transferable Predictive Model for Online Learning Using a Bayesian Updating Approach

Predictive modeling in online education is a popular topic in learning analytics research and practice. This study proposes a novel predictive modeling method to improve model transferability over time within the same course and across different courses. The research gaps addressed are limited evidence showing whether a predictive model built on historical data retrospectively can be directly applied to a future offering of the same course or to another different course; lacking interpretable data mining models to improve model transferability over time and across courses. Three datasets from two distinct online courses with one course offered two times over two years were applied using direct transferring of the predictive model and the proposed Bayesian updating technique for model transfer. The results showed that the direct transferring of predictive model to the subsequent offering of the course and to a totally different course did not work effectively. By contrast, the proposed Bayesian updating provided a robust and interpretable approach with improved model transferability results for both situations. This Bayesian updating model can be continuously updated with new collected data rather than building prediction model from scratch every time, which can serve as a new methodological framework to carry experience and knowledge from past and other courses forward to new courses.
Brittleness and toughness of polymers and other materials

Materials are often characterized in terms of their toughness, though more than one definition of toughness exists. Likely the most widely recognized means of defining material toughness, denoted here as τ, is by the area under the stress strain curve from a tensile test. Another important feature describing the nature of materials is that property known as brittleness, which has for a long time been much less quantitatively understood. Using a quantitative definition of brittleness provided in 2006, we demonstrate the existence of a quantitative relationship between τ and brittleness B, valid for polymers with a very wide range of chemical structures and properties, for some polymer-based composites, and also for steel and aluminum. We provide an equation relating toughness to brittleness, while for polymers we mark the determining influence of chemical structures on the properties B and τ.
Severe Reflux-Induced Esophagitis

Severe reflux-induced esophagitis is a condition characterized by esophageal inflammation caused by acid and biliary reflux. The process leads to different degrees of esophageal damage with respective clinical presentations, which range from acute pain and severe debilitating dysphagia to life-threatening adenocarcinoma. Early intervention is essential in order to avoid irreversible damage, and since symptoms alone are not always reliable to identify progression of disease, it is important to monitor patients with predisposing risk factors. Depending on the severity of the disease, several options for treatment are available, ranging from medication to endoscopic and surgical therapy.
The Structure of the Circumstellar Envelope of SN 1987A

The volume around the SN 1987A contains a variety of structures, not just the three rings glowing in recombination lines. Many of these are revealed by light echoes, so are mapped in three dimensions by our optical imaging of the SN environs. The rings reside in a bipolar nebula containing them at its waist and crowns, and which is itself contained in a larger, diffuse nebula with a detectable equatorial overdensity. This diffuse nebula terminates in a denser wall which likely marks the inner edge of a bubble blown by the progenitor's main sequence wind. Along with mapping these structures, we measure spectroscopically the velocity of the gas, revealing, for instance, kinematic ages for the inner and outer rings in close agreement with each other. The presence of these structures, their ages and morphologies must be included in models explaining the evolution of the progenitor star and its mass loss envelope.
Development of lightweight nickel fiber electrodes for nickel-based systems

Development of a high specific energy battery is the main goal of the lightweight nickel electrode program at the NASA Lewis Research Center. The approach has been to improve the nickel electrode by continuing combined in-house and contract efforts to develop a more efficient and lighter weight electrode for nickel-hydrogen and nickel-metal hydride cells. Small fiber diameter nickel plaques are used as conductive supports for the nickel hydroxide active material. Two of the fiber plaques used in this development program were developed by Memtec America Corporation and by Ribbon Technology Corporation. These plaques are new material products that have the advantage of an increased surface area available for the deposition of active material as well as an increase in the electrochemical accessibility to the active material. Initial tests include activation and capacity measurements at different discharge levels followed by half-cell cycle testing at 80 percent depth-of-discharge in a low-Earth-orbit regime. The electrodes that pass the initial tests are life cycle-tested in a boiler plate nickel-hydrogen cell before flightweight designs are built and tested.
Physical Properties of the Jet in NGC6251

The jet in the radio galaxy NGC6251 (Waggett et al. 1977) has been observed with the VLA using resolutions from 1.15″ to 15″ at 1370, 1480, 1662 and 4885 MHz, and a resolution of 50″ at 1446 and 1662 MHz. The resulting maps (e.g. Figure 1) give exceptionally detailed information on the distributions of the total and polarized intensities over the jet.
Unnatural Amino Acids to Investigate Biological Processes

To circumvent the constraint imposed by the 20 canonical amino acids on the study of protein structure and function, various chemical and biosynthetic methods have been developed to incorporate unnatural amino acids into proteins. Unnatural amino acids now can be genetically encoded in living cells in a manner similar to that of common amino acids, which expands site-directed mutagenesis to diverse novel amino acids. The use of unnatural amino acids grants researchers a multitude of chemical and physical properties that cannot be found in the normal genetic repertoire, which significantly improves their ability to manipulate proteins and protein-involved biologic processes. Changes have been tailored into proteins to accurately dissect the contribution of hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic packing, cation-π interaction, and entropy to protein stability, as well as to precisely examine the structural and functional role of crucial residues. Unnatural amino acids also enable the introduction of new chemical reactivities, biophysical probes, mock posttranslational modifications, photoactive groups, and numerous other functionalities for the modification and regulation of protein activities. These studies not only reveal fundamental information of protein structure and function but also explore new means for generating novel protein properties and controlling biologic events.
New Proposed Drilling at Surtsey Volcano, Iceland

Surtsey, an isolated oceanic island and a World Heritage Site of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, is a uniquely well-documented natural laboratory for investigating processes of rift zone volcanism, hydrothermal alteration of basaltic tephra, and biological colonization and succession in surface and subsurface pyroclastic deposits. Deposits from Surtsey's eruptions from 1963 to 1967 were first explored via a 181-meter hole drilled in 1979 by the U.S. Geological Survey and Icelandic Museum of Natural History.
Where in the World is School Psychology? Examining Evidence of School Psychology Around the Globe

This study examined each of the 192 Member States of the United Nations to address three important questions: (1) how many countries have professionals who provide school psychology services; (2) which countries do and do not have school psychologists; (3) what evidence of school psychology is available in each country. Of the 192 Member States of the United Nations there was evidence of school psychology in 83. Furthermore, this study revealed evidence of: regulations that require school psychologists to be licensed, registered or credentialed in 29 countries; professional associations specifically for school psychologists in 39 countries; university preparation programs for school psychologists in 56 countries and doctoral preparation programs in school psychology in 19 countries. This study advances our knowledge of the profession of school psychology as of 2007.
Systematic Aerobic Exercise and Components of Reaction Time in Older Women

Reaction time and its fractionated components were studied in two groups of older women who differ in their level of regular aerobic exercise. Significant group differences were found in all dependent variables indicating that in older women regular aerobic exercise is an important factor influencing the speed of their reactions to simple and discriminatory stimuli, and in the accompanying premotor time, contractile time, and speed of movement following the reaction responses.
Stereotactic body radiotherapy for adrenal metastases from lung cancer

Purpose The adrenal glands are common sites of metastatic disease in lung cancer and can be highly symptomatic. Current treatment approaches for adrenal oligometastases, including surgical resection and chemoembolization, are invasive and can be associated with considerable morbidity. More recently, stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) has shown promising tumor control rates in primary lung cancer and oligometastases of various sites, but relatively less data exist on the efficacy of SBRT for adrenal metastases. The purpose of this study is to assess tumor regression pattern, local control, overall survival, pain relief, and treatment morbidity in patients treated with SBRT for adrenal metastases from lung cancer.
Simpler, faster, more reliable photosensor circuits

Experimental psychologists have used infrared sensors for many purposes. A new set of readily available components has recently made circuit design and computer interfacing easier, made circuits more reliable, and enabled faster reaction times. Circuits with the new components are compared with equivalent circuits with the old components, and methods of interfacing to the IBM PC and Macintosh are discussed.
Raychaudhuri's equation and the present universe in Brans-Dicke theory

Raychaudhuri's equation for the Brans-Dicke theory is used to relateĠ/G to the deceleration and the density parameters.
The Patient Management Problem as an Evaluative Instrument

The patient management problem (PMP), a device increasingly used for assessment of medical competence, has been under active development for a number of years and responds to the concern that more traditional techniques for objective evaluation, such as use of the multiple-choice question (MCQ), are often restricted in their content or scope. Though they can reliably test what is known about various aspects of health and illness, they commonly fail to evaluate realistically the process of health care. The PMP attempts to put the student or physician (the "test-taker") figuratively into a setting recognizable as belonging to real life, and within that setting (where specified resources are available) presents a clinical problem for solution or management. Given a clearly stated problem in a defined setting, the test-taker is asked to choose among a variety of alternatives for action, some of which may be appropriate, others either not appropriate or even contraindicated. In contrast to the MCQ, which would simply have the choices scored as correct or incorrect, the PMP not only records such scores but, in addition, gives the test-taker the results of the actions selected, usually through development of a latent image embodied in invisible ink. For example, if a blood test is selected as appropriate, the test-taker who follows instructions to develop a latent image placed opposite the choice, will see the results of the test appear.
Investigating the Structural Impact of the Glutamine Repeat in Huntingtin Assembly

Acquiring detailed structural information about the various aggregation states of the huntingtin-exon1 protein (Htt-exon1) is crucial not only for identifying the true nature of the neurotoxic species responsible for Huntington’s disease (HD) but also for designing effective therapeutics. Using time-resolved small-angle neutron scattering (TR-SANS), we followed the conformational changes that occurred during fibrillization of the pathologic form of Htt-exon1 (NtQ42P10) and compared the results with those obtained for the wild-type (NtQ22P10). Our results show that the aggregation pathway of NtQ22P10 is very different from that of NtQ42P10, as the initial steps require a monomer to 7-mer transition stage. In contrast, the earliest species identified for NtQ42P10 are monomer and dimer. The divergent pathways ultimately result in NtQ22P10 fibrils that possess a packing arrangement consistent with the common amyloid sterical zipper model, whereas NtQ42P10 fibrils present a better fit to the Perutz β-helix structural model. The structural details obtained by TR-SANS should help to delineate the key mechanisms that underpin Htt-exon1 aggregation leading to HD.