cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Experimental observations of wear in specimens tested to ASTM G98

Abstract The Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) is evaluating candidate materials for nuclear valve applications utilizing multiple wear tests standards including ASTM G98. The purpose of ASTM G98 is to assess the galling resistance of material couples, and is only intended to provide qualitative observations of the tested materials. In specific cases, such as the testing of stainless steels, this test method has provided quantifiable comparison in the form of a threshold galling stress for comparison. This same approach has not been validated for all types of materials. Specimens were tested to ASTM G98 and exhibited a range of behavior which suggested that multiple mechanisms were responsible for the visual observations. In this paper, detailed laser microscopy was applied to quantify the reported wear mechanisms. The results show, for the first time, that for some mechanisms quantitative data can be obtained to classify wear and galling to ASTM G98. Some suggestions for modifications and improvements to the standard are proposed.
Highly efficient and reconfigurable networking technologies

Emerging mobile broadband applications including LTE-A and machine to machine networking are expected to be strong drivers to push traffic trend more dynamic and unpredictable. To meet such trend, optical back-bone and/or metro network should be more flexible and agile to realize cost-optimized configuration, even in that volatile situation. In this paper, I will introduce two aggressive networking techniques to meet the above ends. One is a novel wavelength assignment algorithm called Least-Fragmentation (LF) scheme which can achieves highest ever path accommodation efficiency. Another one is the Greenfield Re-grooming with Wavelength De-fragmentation (GRWD) scheme which can always provide cost-minimized network configuration.
A nonlinear hydrologic cascade

Abstract A nonuniform, nonlinear, hydrologic cascade is developed for watershed runoff modeling, and its state-space representation is provided. By applying the cascade model to natural watersheds, an appraisal of its potential in runoff modeling is made. The model parameters are studied regarding their sensitivity. Some common features between the proposed model and several existing runoff models are indicated.
Size-dependent mobile surface charge model of cell electrophoresis

A model that accurately predicts the effects of cellular size and electric field strength on electrophoretic mobility has been developed. Previous models have predicted that electrophoretic mobility (EPM) is dependent only on cell surface charge, bath viscosity and ionic strength of the electrolyte. However, careful analysis of experimental data from the literature shows that these models do not accurately depict the relationship between chemically determined surface charge and observed mobility. We propose a new model that accounts for electrically driven redistribution of mobile surface charge islands, such as the recently proposed lipid raft structures. This model predicts electrophoretic mobility as a function of a new dimensionless quantity, A, that incorporates the cell radius, the electric field strength, and the average diameter of charged membrane complexes.
Layering, freezing transitions, capillary condensation and diffusion of methane in slit carbon pores

Grand canonical Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics simulation methods have been used to study layering transitions, freezing transitions, capillary condensation and adsorption hysteresis for a simple model of methane confined in slit carbon micropores at temperatures between 60 K and 135 K and for pore widths from 19 A to 76 A. The grand potentials of the systems were calculated and the thermodynamic phase transitions between the two branches of the isotherms were found. The mobility of molecules perpendicular to the pore walls and the diffusion coefficient parallel to the pore walls were calculated for layers near the wall.
A Comparison of the Effects of Betaine and S-Adenosylmethionine on Ethanol-Induced Changes in Methionine Metabolism and Steatosis in Rat Hepatocytes

Previous studies showed that chronic ethanol administration alters methionine metabolism in the liver, resulting in increased intracellular S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) levels and increased homocysteine release into the plasma. We showed further that these changes appear to be reversed by betaine administration. This study compared the effects of betaine and S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), another methylating agent, on ethanol-induced changes of methionine metabolism and hepatic steatosis. Wistar rats were fed ethanol or control Lieber-Decarli liquid diet for 4 wk and metabolites of the methionine cycle were measured in isolated hepatocytes. Hepatocytes from ethanol-fed rats had a 50% lower intracellular SAM:SAH ratio and almost 2-fold greater homocysteine release into the media compared with controls. Supplementation of betaine or SAM in the incubation media increased this ratio in hepatocytes from both control and ethanol-fed rats and attenuated the ethanol-induced increased hepatocellular triglyceride levels by approximately 20%. On the other hand, only betaine prevented the increase in generation of homocysteine in the incubation media under basal and methionine-loaded conditions. SAM can correct only the ratio and the methylation defects and may in fact be detrimental after prolonged use because of its propensity to increase homocysteine release. Both SAM and betaine are effective in increasing the SAM:SAH ratio in hepatocytes and in attenuating hepatic steatosis; however, only betaine can effectively methylate homocysteine and prevent increased homocysteine release by the liver.
Hyper-efficient visual detection of targets in noise

We compared human detection of visual targets in noisy images with the theoretical optimum from a matched filter. Using a small, thin target with vertically aligned markers, we obtained hyper-efficient detection. The measured detectability index was as high as 95% of the theoretical optimum, far exceeding the 50-70% typically reported for detection tasks. When the markers were removed, the detectability index degraded to 49% of the theoretical optimum, even though the placement of the target was well known to be in the center of a small panel. This result indicates the importance of inherent location uncertainty. We modeled the results using a model for human detection with location uncertainty. The uncertainty corresponded to a retinal distance of /spl ap/7 /spl mu/m, approximately the size of a single photoreceptor.
Collection assessment at the Ganser Library : a case study

Describes a political science collection assessment project accomplished at the Ganser Library of Millersville University, Millersville, Pennsylvania. The assessment approach was holistic. Traditional list checking was combined with online checking of the circulation records of core titles, thus presenting a profile of student behavior and circulation statistics of core titles published during 1920‐1988. Emphasizes the advantages of assessment using the online catalog and circulation module, although the circulation picture was disappointing. Claims libraries cannot afford to be just warehouses. Librarians have to work aggressively with faculty to get the core titles used by students with current journal literature, thus advocating the American Library Association’s information literacy goal to prepare students for the twenty‐first century.
Social Modernization and the End of Ideology Debate: Patterns of Ideological Polarization

Over 40 years ago, Daniel Bell made the provocative claim that ideological polarization was diminishing in Western democracies, but new ideologies were emerging and driving politics in developing nations. This article tests the End of Ideology thesis with a new wave of public opinion data from the World Values Survey (WVS) that covers over 70 nations representing more than 80 per cent of the world's population. We find that polarization along the Left/Right dimension is substantially greater in the less affluent and less democratic societies than in advanced industrial democracies. The correlates of Left/Right orientations also vary systematically across regions. The twin pillars of economic and religious cleavages remain important in European states; cultural values and nationalism provide stronger bases of ideology in Asia and the Middle East. As Bell suggested, social modernization does seem to transform the extent and bases of ideological polarization within contemporary societies.
Mullitization of Diphasic Aluminosilicate Gels

Recent studies have shown that the mullitization of diphasic aluminosilicate matrices comprising transitional alumina and amorphous silica occurs via a nucleation and growth process. Nucleation is preceded by a temperature-dependent incubation period. Following this incubation period, rapid nucleation of mullite occurs, producing about 1.8 × 1011 nuclei/cm3, which remains constant throughout the rest of the transformation. Both incubation and mullite growth are thermally activated processes with apparent activation energies of 987 ± 63 and 1070 ± 200 kJ/mol, respectively. The growth rate of mullite grains under isothermal conditions is time dependent. An interpretation of these results is proposed on the basis of the nucleation and growth concepts of LaMer and Dinegar which supports the concept that the growth rate of mullite grains is controlled by the dissolution of transitional alumina into the amorphous matrix.
Malattia leventinese: refinement of the genetic locus and phenotypic variability in autosomal dominant macular drusen

Abstract PURPOSE: To study the phenotypic variability in patients inheriting the disease gene for malattia leventinese (dominant macular drusen) and refine the localization of the gene. METHODS: A family with dominant radial drusen was ascertained and studied with clinical examination and DNA linkage analysis. Inheritance of the disease gene was determined by DNA analysis and used to document the variability in phenotypic expression. RESULTS: Fifty family members were studied with fundus photography and genotyping. Linkage analysis showed that the disease in this family was linked to chromosome 2p16-21 with a maximum lod score of 3.72 at D2S2153. An affected patient with obligate recombinations allowed refinement of the disease interval to a 6.2-cM region between D2S2227 and D2S378. The phenotype of older affected patients varied from severe geographic atrophy or subretinal fibrosis to a single druse adjacent to the optic disk. Small and medium-sized, nonradial, and soft macular drusen seen in four older individuals in the family were not specifically associated with the disease haplotype. CONCLUSIONS: Refinement of the localization of the gene for malattia leventinese will facilitate its positional cloning. Genotypic documentation of the variable expression of the disease shows that a single, large, subretinal druse adjacent to the optic disk is consistent with inheritance of the disease gene. Soft macular drusen in low abundance were not specifically associated with inheritance of the disease gene. These results will facilitate the genetic counseling of patients with malattia leventinese. It is unknown what proportion of age-related macular degeneration arises from mutations in disease genes for dominant drusen.
A Safety-Net Antibiotic Prescription for Otitis Media: The Effects of a PBRN Study on Patients and Practitioners

Pediatricians can decrease antibiotic use by treating acute otitis media (AOM) with a safety-net antibiotic prescription (SNAP). This study assessed whether the practitioners of the Practice-Based Research Network who participated in the study continued to use the SNAP and report a 60-day follow-up of the study patients. Charts were reviewed of study patients for 60 days following study enrollment. A survey on antibiotic use for AOM was mailed to the 17 study practitioners (SP) and 30 randomly selected community pediatricians (CP). Eight of the SP used the SNAP more than 20 times over the year following the study vs 1 of the CP. Sixty-two percent of patients never received antibiotics. The recurrence/relapse rate was greater in children younger than 2 years old compared to those older, 34% vs 10%. Practitioners who participate in a Practice-Based Research Network study are more likely to use a study intervention than others.
The Case for Drill-Ready Cloud Computing

As cloud computing has matured, more and more local applications are replaced by easy-to-use on-demand services accessible via computer networks (a.k.a. cloud services). Running behind these services are massive hardware infrastructures and complex management tasks (e.g., recovery, software upgrades) that if not tested thoroughly can exhibit failures that lead to major service disruptions. Some researchers estimate that 568 hours of downtime at 13 well-known cloud services since 2007 had an economic impact of more than $70 million [18]. Others predict worse: for every hour it is not up and running, a cloud service can take a hit between $1 to 5 million [32]. Moreover, an outage of a popular service can shutdown other dependent services [11, 37, 59], leading to many more frustrated and furious users.
Fast updating of maximum likelihood direction of arrival estimates

The author demonstrates that asymptotically efficient direction of arrival estimates can be obtained without resorting to an eigendecomposition. In particular, an algorithm similar in form to weighted subspace fitting and possessing identical asymptotic properties is developed that requires computation of only the sample covariance and its inverse. The algorithm achieves computationally efficient estimate updates, and may be easily parallelized. In addition to describing the algorithm and its asymptotic properties, a simulation example to validate the algorithm's performance is included. >
Pipe Network Locomotion with a Snake Robot

We present a method of achieving whole-body compliant motions with a snake robot that allows the robot to automatically adapt to the shape of its environment. This feature is important to pipe navigation because it allows the robot to adapt to changes in diameter and junctions, even though the robot lacks mechanical compliance or tactile sensing. Rather than reasoning in the configuration space of robot joint angles, the compliant controller estimates the overall state of the robot in terms of the parameters of a low-dimensional control function, i.e., a gait. The controller then commands new gait parameters relative to that estimated state. Performing closed-loop control in this lower-dimensional parameter space, rather than the robot's full configuration space, exploits the intuitive connection between the gait parameters and higher-level robot behavior. Furthermore, the ability to automatically adjust gait parameters with this controller enables more sophisticated motions that would previously have been too complex to be controlled manually.
Nanosphere Lithography: Synthesis and Application of Nanoparticles with Inherently Anisotropic Structures and Surface Chemistry

Early work with size-tunable periodic particle arrays (PPAs) fabricated by nanospherelithography (NSL) demonstrated that the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) could be tuned throughout the visible region of the spectrum. The LSPR is sensitive to changes in nanoparticle aspect ratio and local dielectric environment. This property has recently been exploited to develop a novel method of measuring surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) excitation profiles. Single layer PPAs consist of size-tunable anisotropic nanoparticles that can be modified to exhibit anisotropic surface chemistry. This work demonstrates multiple schemes for PPA modification using self-assembled monolayers and colloid decoration. Nanoparticle anisotropy can be further exploited with the recent combination of NSL and reactive ion etching (RIE); this extends the two-dimensional PPA structure into the third dimension.
Regulatory T Cells Prevent Th2 Immune Responses and Pulmonary Eosinophilia during Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection in Mice

investigate the functional effects of regulatory T cells (Tregs) during A2-strain RSV infection. Infected Treg-depleted mice lost significantly more weight than wild-type mice, indicating enhanced disease. This enhancement was characterized by increased cellularity in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL)fluid and notable lung eosinophilia not seen in control mice. This was accompanied by abundant CD4and CD8T cells exhibiting an activated phenotype and induction of interleukin 13 (IL-13)- and GATA3-expressing Th2-type CD4T cells that remained present in the airways even 14 days after infection. Therefore, Treg cells perform vital anti-inflammatory functions during RSV infection, suppressing pathogenic T cell responses and inhibiting lung eosinophilia. Thesefindings provide additional evidence that dysregulation of normal immune responses to viral infection may contribute to severe RSV disease.
Genetic Changes Associated with the Evolution of Adaptedness in Cultivated Plants and Their Wild Progenitors

The results of long-term studies of changes in adaptedness in a number of experimental populations of annual plants are summarized. Measurements made of quantitative traits showed that cumulative increases in reproductive capacity continued in these experimental populations for more than 50 generations. Highly significant allelic frequency changes also occurred for marker loci governing morphological variants, disease resistance, allozymes, and rDNA restriction fragments. Individual effects of the marker loci on quantitative traits were determined by extensive progeny testing of selfed families descended from single plants isolated from various generations of the experimental populations. Comparisons between homozygotes and heterozygotes of marker loci for quantitative trait expression revealed that all the marker loci studied had statistically significant additive effects on several to many quantitative traits; thus, each Mendelian locus, in addition to being a locus for its discrete descriptive effect, was also a locus for several quantitative traits. Consistent associations were found between superior reproductive capacity (e.g., larger numbers of kernels per plant) and the alleles of marker loci that increased in frequency over generations; no other quantitative traits measured were clearly and consistently associated with alleles that increased in frequency. Multilocus analyses based on canonical correlation, log linear, and cluster analysis procedures showed that highly significant associations developed in early generations among alleles of different loci in all the predominantly selfing populations studied. Dynamic changes featuring amalgamations of alleles into fewer clusters involving larger numbers of loci continued into the late generations. Patterns of ecogenetic differentiation that developed under predominant selfing were found to be fine-scaled overlays of environmental heterogeneity. The picture of evolutionary change that emerges is one in which the incorporation of increasing numbers of favorably interacting alleles into large synergistic complexes was accompanied in inbreeding populations by increases in adaptedness to the local environment and also by striking ecogenetic differentiation among local populations that occupy unlike habitats, including differentiation between cultivated plants and their wild progenitors. Selfing appears to promote the development and maintenance of adaptedness within populations and at the same time to facilitate the development of spatial differentiation by retarding gene flow between populations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Occlusions of epicardial arteries might not directly induce symptoms in ischemic heart disease.

Abstract It is accepted that primary occlusions of epicardial arteries by thromboses, stenotic coronary artery disease (CAD), and spasm directly induce symptoms in ischemic heart disease (IHD). Because of this acceptance, there has been little interest in alternate mechanisms for IHD – as the spasm of resistance vessel (S-RV) concept of IHD, which asserts that S-RV directly induces symptoms in IHD. To stimulate interest in the S-RV concept, evidence against the primacy of occlusions of epicardial arteries was presented, as well as evidence for this position to provide a balanced discussion; while the evidence was mixed, overall findings appeared to weigh significantly against the primacy of occlusions of epicardial arteries. Also, the S-RV concept was discussed; the discussion included presenting the theory's explanations for events in epicardial arteries, with the aim of demonstrating that the concept provides more consistent explanations than the standard position. It is suggested that there is sufficient information to warrant renewed consideration of the S-RV concept.
A new genus and species of Nematalycidae (Acari: Endeostigmata)

Osperalycus tenerphagus, a new genus and species of Nematalycidae (Acari: Endeostigmata), is described from Ohio, USA, using light microscopy and low-temperature scanning electron microscopy. Specimens were extracted from two different loam soils. This genus can be readily distinguished from the other genera of Nematalycidae by the simple setae that line the opisthosoma. The mouthparts are especially distinct in possessing three-segmented palps, an unusual vessel-shaped structure, and rutella that overlap at the midline. The discovery of rutella in this genus and in two other genera indicates that the Nematalycidae can be more confidently assigned to the Endeostigmata (Sarcoptiformes).http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:A64A6612-B66C-4814-80A9-3856DEBE8C46
The Quantitative Empirics of Redistricting Litigation: Knowledge, Threats to Knowledge, and the Need for Less Districting

The experience of the past 50 years has taught us important lessons about the advancement in, but also the ultimate limits of, the quantitative empirics of redistricting. I provide a bird's eye view of the state of quantitative methods in redistricting, focusing particularly on the hardest problem in this area, inferences about racial bloc voting. I review some of the recent advances, particularly those that allow analysis of polities with more than two racial groups, and those that allow a combination of information from sampling techniques, such as exit polls, and so-called “ecological” data. But I also suggest that modern demographic and voting trends, along with a growing realization that there are some critical questions we will never be able to answer (at least not with quantitative information), provide reason for pessimism about how much useful evidence quantitative methods can ultimately produce. I suggest that the increasing limits of quantitative techniques, particularly with respect to voting patterns by race, provide an additional reason to explore the judicious use of alternative vote aggregation schemes, such as limited and cumulative voting.
Multi-point Wing Planform Optimization via Control Theory

This paper focuses on wing optimization via control theory using a multi-point design method. Based on the design methodology previously developed for wing section and planform optimization at a specic igh t condition, it searches for a single wing shape that performs well over a range of igh t conditions. A new cost function is dened as the weighted sum of cost functions from a range of important igh t conditions. Results of multi-point optimization of a long range transport aircraft show that improvement at each igh t condition is not as large as the result from single-point optimization at one of the design points. However improvement in performance measures such as drag divergence Mach number and the lift-to-drag ratio over a range of Mach numbers is signican tly greater.
Sex and hand differences in circadian wrist activity are independent from sex and hand differences in 2D:4D

Background We investigated the relationship between patterns of sex and hand differences in circadian wrist activity and digit ratio, a marker for prenatal androgen exposure. If the contribution of prenatal androgen exposure to sex differences in digit ratio underlies sex differences in circadian wrist activity, we predict that patterns of wrist activity will be correlated with digit ratio.
Multi-tiered design rationale for change set based product line architectures

Knowledge of why some product line architecture (PLA) consists of the specific features and feature interactions that constitute its overall structure is an invaluable resource for an architect. However, most PLA modeling techniques do not model these concepts explicitly. This requires that the architect express rationale separately, which increases the likelihood that it diverges and slowly but surely loses its value. To address this, we present an approach to capturing rationale that relies on a particular form of PLA modeling, namely PLAs modeled using change sets and relationships. In so doing, we enable the architect to express rationale concerning the PLA at three different tiers, covering individual elements in the PLA, change sets and their raison d'etre, and the relationships that govern how individual product architectures are composed.
Echocardiographic predictors of aortopulmonary collaterals in infants with tetralogy of fallot and pulmonary atresia

Abstract Objectives This study was designed to identify echocardiographic predictors of aortopulmonary collaterals (APCs) in infants with tetralogy of Fallot and pulmonary atresia (TOF/PA) and to prospectively validate these predictors. Background In patients with TOF/PA, routine preoperative diagnostic cardiac catheterization is usually performed to determine the presence and distribution of APCs and the anatomy of the branch pulmonary arteries. Methods The clinical and diagnostic imaging data of infants with TOF/PA treated between 1990 and 2000 were reviewed. Patients were classified into two groups based on cineangiographic findings: 1) no APCs (n = 34), and 2) ≥1 APCs (n = 59). Echocardiographic variables were examined for their ability to identify patients having ≥1 APCs. Results Median branch pulmonary artery diameter Z scores were significantly larger in patients without APCs compared with those having ≥1 APCs: −0.56 versus −3.24 for the left pulmonary artery and −0.76 versus −3.46 for the right pulmonary artery (p Conclusions Echocardiography is a sensitive and specific test for the detection of ≥1 APCs in infants with TOF/PA. These data can be used to select patients who can undergo complete repair of TOF/PA without further preoperative diagnostic imaging.
2-(Benzylsulfanyl)benzaldehyde azine

The mol­ecule of the title compound, C28H24N2S2, has a crystallographically imposed center of symmetry at the mid-point of the N—N bond. It is not planar, due to the steric repulsion between S and H atoms.
Somatoform and Factitious Disorders

The term somatoform disorder is relatively new in the psychiatric nomenclature, coming into prominence only with the publication of the third edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-III) (American Psychiatric Association, 1980). The term somatoform is an appropriate description of this group of disorders because the symptomatic manifestation is primarily physical; yet, the etiology is presumed to be primarily psychological or emotional. In this group are hysteria (now referred to as somatization disorder); conversion disorder (now independent of hysteria); psychogenic pain disorder; hypochondriasis (hypochondriacal neurosis); and an amorphous category known as atypical somatoform disorder designed for use when a particular case does not fit another category. The somatoform disorders represent one of the most poorly understood and inadequately researched syndromes in psychiatry. We describe here the clinical syndromes and review existing empirical research for each disorder with the exception of psychogenic pain.
Repetitions which are not repetitions: the non-redundant nature of tautological compounds

In English morphological literature, the term ‘tautological compound’ has been typically used to refer to two distinct – but closely related – phenomena: (1) compounds composed of a hyponym and a superordinate term (such as oak tree); and/or (2) compounds based upon two synonymous units (such as subject matter). Such combinations are one of the quirkiest – and least researched – phenomena of English compounding. Their oddity can be attributed to two main factors. First, as their name, ‘tautological compound’ implies, at face value such combinations can be considered as prime examples of the redundancy of language. Second, they do not follow normal compound-forming rules in the sense that both constituents can function as the semantic head (as opposed to ‘normal’ English compounds, which follow the Right-Hand Head Rule).Perhaps it is the quirkiness of tautological compounds that accounts for the fact that not much has been said about them in traditional accounts of compounding, which typically relegate them to a marginal area of the English language. However, there is more to tautological compounds than meets the eye. What the present study wishes to demonstrate is that the term ‘tautological compound’ is a misnomer, as such combinations are far from being tautological or redundant in their meaning. Accordingly, the article first clarifies the notion of tautological compound, and then aims to give an account of the various roles that such combinations play in language, thereby demonstrating their non-tautological and non-redundant nature – in order to assign this much-neglected category to its proper, well-deserved place within English word formation.
Dr. X: the consequences of untreated addiction

The following case example shows the difficulty dentists face when their alcohol or drug dependence causes them to violate laws or the Dental Practice Act. In this case, the dentist is charged with driving while intoxicated (DWI) and is in possession of inappropriately prescribed medications.
Multifetal reduction of high-order multiple pregnancy : comparison of obstetrical outcome with nonreduced twin gestations

Objective To compare the obstetric outcomes of twin pregnancies obtained as a result of multifetal pregnancy reduction to those in which pregnancy reduction had not been used. Design Retrospective analysis. Setting University-based tertiary care infertility clinic. Patients Seventy-four twin pregnancies continuing beyond 10weeks. Of these, 32 gestations had undergone reduction to twins at 10weeks. Main Outcome Measures Gestational age at delivery, birth weights, pregnancy complications. Results All pregnancies advanced beyond 20weeks gestation. The mean gestational age at delivery of the reduction group was 33.8 versus 35.7weeks in the nonreduced group; only 25% of reduced pregnancies reached 37weeks compared with 57.9% of nonreduced twins. The mean fetal birth weights of the two groups differed significantly (reduced: 2,038g, nonreduced: 2512g). The gestational age at delivery in patients reduced from triplets was significantly greater than in pregnancies educed from quadruplets or higher. Multiple regression analysis revealed that for a given gestational age at delivery, a history of pregnancy reduction was associated with decreased birth weight. Conclusion These data suggest that multifetal pregnancy reduction does not reverse completely the decreased gestational age and impaired fetal growth associated with high-order multiple pregnancy. Furthermore, fetal growth of reduced pregnancies seems to be impaired independent of the gestational age at which delivery occurs.
'Congestive heart failure' and bradycardia.

(1994). ‘Congestive Heart Failure’ and Bradycardia. Hospital Practice: Vol. 29, No. 1, pp. 111-114.
Seeing through water: Image restoration using model-based tracking

A video sequence of an underwater scene taken from above the water surface suffers from severe distortions due to water fluctuations. In this paper, we simultaneously estimate the shape of the water surface and recover the planar underwater scene without using any calibration patterns, image priors, multiple viewpoints or active illumination. The key idea is to build a compact spatial distortion model of the water surface using the wave equation. Based on this model, we present a novel tracking technique that is designed specifically for water surfaces and addresses two unique challenges—the absence of an object model or template and the presence of complex appearance changes in the scene due to water fluctuation. We show the effectiveness of our approach on both simulated and real scenes, with text and texture.
Is deliberation a laudable goal when policy is a done deal? The Habermasian public sphere and legitimacy in a market era of education policymaking

The state mandated public hearings concerning school closing proposals in New York City provide a window into a diverse set of policy actors and their deliberations. Opposition to school closures is often cast as entrenched interests, emotional attachment, support for the status quo or at worst negligence. However, content analysis reveals that testimony offered by parent, community, and educator leaders contained a range of substantial critiques of school closing proposals, their motivations, justifications, and expected results. I argue that the hearings did not fully constitute a public sphere by Habermasian criteria, nor a counterpublic by Fraser and Dawson criteria. In fact, the hearings had contradictory effects; one school successfully fought closure by both resisting and reifying neoliberal logic in education policymaking. Some data demonstrates that this school’s market-based argument resonated with state authorities, while other data indicates that this market-based argument coincided with the state’s own interest to defend its legitimacy in policymaking.
Hydrothermal syntheses and structures of cobalt(II) and copper(II) coordination polymers with 1-tetrazole-phenyl-4-methylphosphonate ligands

Abstract Hydrothermal reactions of copper(II) and cobalt(II) salts with 1-tetrazole-phenyl-4-methylphosphonic acid yielded the coordination polymers [Cu(H 2 O)(HO 3 PCH 2 C 6 H 4 CN 4 )]·H 2 O ( 1 ·H 2 O) and [Co(H 2 O) 2 (HO 3 PCH 2 C 6 H 4 CN 4 H) 2 ]·2H 2 O ( 2 ·2H 2 O). Compound 1 ·H 2 O is two dimensional and is constructed from chains of trans -corner sharing, ‘4+2’ axially distorted {CuO 4 N 2 } octahedra. These chains are linked through the organic tethers of the ligands in the doubly deprotonated form{HO 3 PCH 2 C 6 H 4 CN 4 } 2− to propagate in two-dimensions. In contrast, compound 2 ·2H 2 O is one-dimensional and features {CoO 4 N 2 } octahedra linked through pairs of ligands in the singly deprotonated form {HO 3 PCH 2 C 6 H 4 CN 4 H} −1 , i.e. with the tetrazole terminus in the neutral form. The magnetic properties of compound 1 ·H 2 O reflect the structure where the Cu(II) ions are bridged by syn-syn phosphate and tetrazolate Cu-N-N-Cu bridges, with the former linkage likely to transfer ferromagnetic coupling whereas the latter leads to antiferromagnetic coupling. The two competing pathways lead to negligible overall coupling.
A Breakdown in Cooperativity Leads to Cardiac Identity Crisis.

Using induced pluripotent stem cells, Ang et al. elucidate how a mutation in the transcription factor GATA4 causes congenital heart disease. They find that, although the recruitment of GATA4 to cardiac super-enhancers is retained, it no longer functions in partnership with another key transcription factor, leading to misexpression of non-cardiomyocyte genes.
Optimization of Terahertz Metamaterials for Near-Field Sensing of Chiral Substances

We demonstrate metamaterials based on Archimedean spiral arrays that can be used to create elliptically polarized terahertz (THz) waves from a linearly polarized input wave. The operational frequencies of these metamaterials are defined by the geometry of the Archimedean spiral, and the correlation between geometry and operational frequency is studied experimentally as well as numerically. We demonstrate that the operational frequency can be tuned from 0.5 to 1.5 THz. The THz electromagnetic wave is strongly localized near the metamaterial surface. The field enhancement associated with this localization can be used to realize a high-sensitivity chirality sensor, and its potential is studied with full-wave simulations, in which a subwavelength 5-μm-thick layer is detectable. More importantly, it is also possible to distinguish the chiral effect of a single enantiomer in a 50:50 racemic mixture.
Data Storage and Interaction using Magnetized Fabric

This paper enables data storage and interaction with smart fabric, without the need for onboard electronics or batteries. To do this, we present the first smart fabric design that harnesses the ferromagnetic properties of conductive thread. Specifically, we manipulate the polarity of magnetized fabric and encode different forms of data including 2D images and bit strings. These bits can be read by swiping a commodity smartphone across the fabric, using its inbuilt magnetometer. Our results show that magnetized fabric retains its data even after washing, drying and ironing. Using a glove made of magnetized fabric, we can also perform six gestures in front of a smartphone, with a classification accuracy of 90.1%. Finally, using magnetized thread, we create fashion accessories like necklaces, ties, wristbands and belts with data storage capabilities as well as enable authentication applications.
The Power of Rhythm: Car Use, Christmas and Social Continuity in Modern South African History

Focused on twentieth century South Africa, this paper explores connections between car use, leisure activities and holiday rhythms so as to deepen our understanding of the ways technology has been embedded in social life. Amidst a growing interest in the history of cars in Africa, a recent agenda-setting book has placed a singular emphasis on studying cars in terms of massive transformation, and I argue that this is unnecessarily limiting. Beginning during the interwar period when cars first became associated with leisure activities in South African popular culture, until today, a particular set of holiday cycles have dramatically structured the ways African drivers have used cars to pursue leisure activities. The handful of elite Africans who bought cars in the 1930s and the increasing numbers of citizens who have only recently gained access to cars, all have tended to travel more and travel further during certain times of the year, which means that even if cars have added to “the speed of change,” they have also simultaneously deepened the power of certain social rhythms. The research agenda for automotive history should thus include more questions about cars and social continuity.
A Local Asymptotic Minimax Optimality of an Adaptive Robbins Monro Stochastic Approximation Procedure

Results, obtained earlier, on asymptotic properties of an adaptive RM stochastic approximation method, are strengthened. The method is shown optimal in the sense of local asymptotic minimax risk and robust with respect to small changes of the unknown density and small changes of the estimated parameter.
Women’s Happiness in Contemporary China: The Relevance of Unpaid Work

Happiness is widely recognized to be a marker of overall health and well-being across populations. Most analyses of the correlates of happiness highlight the importance of economic factors such as paid work, paying little attention to unpaid domestic work, an activity disproportionately done by women. Using time use data collected from nearly 3500 married women across 12 provinces in China, we examine whether women’s time spent in housework is related to their self-reported happiness. In rural China, we find that women who do more housework hours report lower happiness. Yet, women who do a higher share of the couple’s housework, and who do a greater share of housework than other women in the community, report greater happiness. These relationships are not apparent in urban China. We draw two conclusions. First, absolute and relative time spent in unpaid work is associated with women’s well-being, although whether and how depends on local context. Second, in analyses of time use, notions of equity will miss the mark without a situated understanding of the motivations, meanings, and rewards attached to work and family time. To advance research on gender, family, and well-being, we must find ways to incorporate more fully the structural and ideological aspects of gender systems, both of which have important implications for happiness.
Current Issues in Cysticercosis: Proteins, Proglottids, Pigs, and Privies

Cysticercosis has existed since ancient times. The life cycle of the cestode responsible for this condition (Taenia solium) is often misunderstood. It is important to distinguish between taeniasis, an intestinal infection with the adult tapeworm, and cysticercosis, a tissue infection with larval T. solium. Humans are suseptible to both conditions. Clinically, cysticercosis exhibits great diversity. Neurocysticercosis is the most clinically significant form of the disease, but cysts can occur in almost any anatomic location. Geographic and age/gender-related differences in clinical manifestations also occur. Diagnosis depends on the appropriate use of radiologic, immunologic, and histopathologic techniques. Both surgical and medical treatments are available. The T. solium taeniasis/cysticercosis complex is endemic throughout the developing world where human consumption of inadequately cooked pork and swine husbandry practices favor transmission. The importance of person-to-person transmission is being increasingly recognized. Recent advances include the use of magnetic resonance imaging and improved immunologic techniques for diagnosis; alternative medical treatment with the new antiparasitic agent, albendazole; and recent epidemiologic insights into risk factors and transmission dynamics in both endemic and nonendemic areas.
4 – The Structure of the Communication Industries

This chapter addresses the organizational structure and explores the functions of those industries, which will help readers to understand the individual technologies. It is a common practice for some companies to be involved in both production and distribution, a large number of companies choose to focus on one or the other. The emergence of digital broadcasting provides excellent illustrations of the complexity of the organizational structure of media industries. It is easier for a technology to "take off" and begin diffusing if a single company provides a number of different functions, perhaps combining production and distribution, or providing both national and local distribution. Most companies that would like to grow are more interested in applying their core competencies by buying up competitors and commanding a greater market share, a process known as “horizontal integration.”
Development of a genetic fuzzy controller for an unmanned aerial vehicle

Autonomous Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have been increasingly employed by researchers, commercial organizations, and the military to perform a variety of missions. This paper discusses the design of an autopilot for an autonomous UAV using a messy genetic algorithm for evolving fuzzy rules and fuzzy membership functions. The messy genetic algorithm scheme has been adopted because it satisfies the need for flexibility in terms of the consequents applied within the conditional statement framework used in the fuzzy rules. The fuzzy rules are stored in a Learning Fuzzy Classifier System (LFCS) which executes the fuzzy inference process and assigns credit to the population during flight simulation. This framework is useful in evolving a sophisticated set of rules for the controller of a UAV, which deals with uncertainty in both its internal state and external environment.
Overview: theoretical aspects of isotope effects on the pattern of metabolites formed by cytochrome P-450.

Measurements of the effects of substitutions of deuterium at specific positions of substrates on the kinetics of metabolism of substrates by enzymes have provided valuable information on the mechanisms of enzymes. Most of the theories that permit interpretation of these measurements are based on the following assumptions: 1) Deuterium is substituted on only one position. 2) The isotope effect is on only one rate constant, namely the one which is associated with the breaking of a C-H Bond. 3) The enzyme forms only one product from the substrate. These assumptions thus imply that isotope effects on the reversible binding of the substrate in the active site of the enzyme are negligible. Secondary isotope effects also are usually assumed to be negligible. Northrop (1977) has pointed out that when these assumptions are valid, the apparent isotope effects manifested by the mechanisms of most enzymes may be shown to fit the following relationships: $${D_{(V/K)}} = \frac{{({V_{\max }}/{K_m})H}}{{({V_{\max }}/{K_m})D}} = \frac{{C + {k_H}/{k_D}}}{{C + 1}}$$ (1) where C is the “Commitment to Catalysis”. $${D_V} = \frac{{({V_{\max }})H}}{{({V_{\max }})D}} = \frac{{R + {k_H}/{k_D}}}{{R + 1}}$$ (2) where R is the “Ratio of Catalysis”.
Structured peer group supervision of school consultation:A case study

Structured peer group supervision (SPGS) supports applied skill growth for novice mental health professionals. Whereas previous SPGS research has focused on counseling, consultation is a core compe...
A generalized ordered Probit model

The ordered probit and logit models, based on the normal and logistic distributions, can yield biased and inconsistent estimators when the distributions are misspecified. A generalized ordered resp...
Revisiting the Politics of Minor Concern: Exploring Voting Behavior on American Indian Legislation in the United States Congress

The unique government-to-government relationship that exists between Indian nations and the U.S. federal government places Congress at the very center of American Indian affairs that is arguably of lower salience in relation to other issues. Theories of congressional behavior tend to focus on major legislation in the policy process with scant attention paid to issues of "minor concern" such as federal Indian policy that may be influenced by a different set of causal factors than highly salient bills in Congress. As a result, our understanding of the "politics of minor concern" and American Indian legislation is severely limited to single case studies or anecdotal evidence at best. Using roll call data from 1970 to 2000, this study investigates the politics of minor concern within the realm of American Indian policy, and explores the effects of partisanship, regionalism, and Indian constituency on congressional pro-Indian voting in the House and Senate. The results suggest a strong partisan influence on the likelihood of voting with the pro-Indian position in both the House and the Senate, but with notable differences between the two chambers. Furthermore, constituent effects were found to vary substantially depending on the measure of Indian constituency, with a strong relationship observed between pro-Indian voting and congressional districts with Indian tribes. The findings also suggest that partisan voting on Indian legislation has intensified from the 1970s to the late 1990s, which has led to more contentious voting patterns on Indian affairs in the legislative branch over time. The results of this study expand our understanding of the politics of minor concern, and suggest the unique influence of Indian tribes on the voting behavior of representatives in Congress.