cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Are Good Characters Better for Us? The Effect of Morality Salience on Entertainment Selection and Recovery Outcomes

Two experiments examined whether one’s moral self-perception affects the selection of content (Study 1) and whether exposure to different character types results in any recovery benefits (Study 2)....
Comparing optimal battery warm-up strategies based on self-heating

The ability of Lithium-ion batteries to perform work decreases at low temperature of operation; a common strategy to improve their productivity is to warm them. In our recent works we have raised the need to study the energy-optimal warm-up of batteries. More recently, our work used battery temperature to determine if the battery has warmed up. The power capability of batteries is a more relatable and arguably useful means to terminate the warm-up process. This work builds upon its predecessors by using power capability as stopping condition, analyzes the problem and numerically solves the same. Subsequently, the relation between the minimumtime and minimum-energy warm-up problem formulations that employ temperature and power constraints to terminate warm-up are theoretically established.
¡Puño en Alto! The Nicaraguan Literacy Campaign and What it Means for Literacy Today

Modern notions of literacy can be informed by past successes in the field of literacy. One of the most successful national literacy campaigns occurred in Nicaragua in 1980 and was called Cruzada Nacional de Alfabetizacion (CNA). The fight against illiteracy to provide a space for marginalized voices in Nicaragua is a story worth telling to current literacy professionals in the United States, who are painfully aware of high illiteracy rates in certain geographic areas and among particular populations. First is an historical accounting of the literacy campaign by contextualizing the background of Nicaragua's political and social situation. Next is an explanation regarding how critical pedagogy can be useful in reading the historical event. Last, a critical lens is used to decipher what lessons might be taken from Nicaragua's literacy campaign to identify critical issues and inform the difficult decisions in literacy education today in the United States.
Contrast induced nephropathy after coronary or vascular intervention: More biomarkers than answers

Rising urine NGAL and serum creatinine after 48 hr are potentially useful in predicting persistent creatinine increase in patients with contrast-induced AKI. Urinary NGAL may allow for early identification of a high-risk cohort following PCI. Future studies are needed to determine whether renal biomarkers are affected by clinical variables, such as heart failure acute mechanical circulatory support (AMCS) and whether they can be used to identify patients who would benefit from either AMCS reno-protection during PCI remains unknown.
Chapter 27 – Development of Thermochemical and Biochemical Technologies for Biorefineries

A biorefinery employs a complex and diverse set of process techniques to convert lignocellulosic biomass materials into valuable chemicals such as liquid fuels, materials and biochemicals. These process options exploit any one or a combination of thermal, mechanical, biological and chemical attributes of forest and herbaceous feedstocks. The process techniques can be divided into at least two categories: pretreatment and conversion. The objective of pretreatment prior to conversion is to prepare the solid mass for easy handling and increase contact with a conversion agent. In stepwise conversions, the goal of pretreatment is also to break down lignin and the strong crystalline cellulosic structures such that lignocellulosic biomass becomes vulnerable to hydrolysis and other conversion techniques. Thermochemical conversion uses primarily heat to change lignocellulosic materials into products. Combustion, gasification and pyrolysis are thermochemical conversion options and vary depending upon the amount of oxygen (air) supplied to the process and the products vary accordingly. For bioconversion, hydrolysis yields fermentable sugars and fermentation produces the desired product. No pretreatment options are ideal. Common trade-offs include cost, efficacy, purity, concentration and environmental and safety concerns. Ideally, the saccharified biomass will also be free from microbial growth inhibitors. Several pretreatment and conversion options may be combined to enhance the likelihood of a desired outcome. Commonly, bioconversion begins with a biomass size reduction operation, such as chipping, followed by a series of thermal or chemical treatments. Together these improve the exposure of lignin and cellulose to attack by enzymatic or acid hydrolysis. Many of the thermochemical and biochemical treatment options that have been developed to date and commonly proposed for application in commercial biorefineries are reviewed and discussed in this chapter.
A CMOS Voltage to Current Converter for Low Voltage Applications

This correspondence introduces two circuit ideas which are applied to the design of a voltage to current converter circuit for application in analog CMOS circuits. The ideas are aimed at achieving an output current which is set by a precision reference voltage and achieving a high output impedance without the use of a cascode connection. The resulting circuit achieves a fast settling time and requires a minimum bias headroom voltage, making it suitable for use in low voltage battery-powered designs.
Formatting and Integrating Soft Data: Stochastic Imaging via the Markov-Bayes Algorithm

Under a Bayesian framework both hard and soft data can be encoded as local prior (also called pre-posterior) probability distributions. These local prior distributions are then updated into posterior distributions using the nearby hard and soft data. The posterior distributions provide models of uncertainty prevailing at unsampled locations.
How does validating activity contribute to the modeling process

Contemporary scholars describe mathematical modeling as a transformation of a real-world problem to a mathematical problem and back again. This paper treats a critical issue in the modeling process: how modelers determine if the transformation from the real world to mathematics was carried out well. I present an empirically derived typology of validating activities explaining how validating functions to ensure a mathematical model will yield a reasonably accurate prediction. The typology arose from analysis of four engineering undergraduates’ production of 276 instances of validating. The nuances of validating suggest that creating and maintaining relationships between reality and mathematics is more complex than a transformation and that we should afford a more prominent role to validation in the modeling process.
Sex differences in mental health symptoms and substance use and their association with moral injury in veterans.

Objective This study examines potential sex differences in 3 types of experiences (i.e., atrocities of war, cognitive and emotional changes from combat, and leadership failure or betrayal) that may result in moral injury (i.e., guilt, shame, inability to forgive one's self, inability to forgive others, and withdrawn behavior associated with these three types of experiences). In addition, we examine whether moral injury results in different associations with mental health and substance use outcomes for female versus male veterans. We expected more symptoms of depression and anxiety for women and more symptoms of hazardous alcohol use and drug abuse for men. Also, we examined sex as a moderator between moral injury and outcomes, expecting stronger relationships between moral injury and symptoms of depression and anxiety among women and stronger associations between moral injury and alcohol use and drug abuse symptoms for men. Method Participants (n = 256; 60.9% [n = 156] males) were a community sample of recent-era military personnel who completed a measure of morally injurious experiences (MIEs) and associated moral injury. Results After correcting for Type I error rate, sex was not associated with mental health or substance use. Further, no Sex × Moral Injury interactions were present; however, moral injury significantly positively predicted all negative mental health symptoms (depression, anxiety, suicidality, and posttraumatic stress disorder [PTSD]) and hazardous alcohol use, but not drug abuse symptoms. Conclusions Results reveal the need for improved screening and treatment of moral injury and integrated treatments that may assess moral injury and associated disorders. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
Land Use and Land Cover Classification for Bangladesh 2005 on Google Earth Engine

Land use and land cover maps are essential to study how the earth surface change over time and how human activities interact with environments. The growing amount of available remote sensing images, especially the well archived Landsat images with 30 meters resolution, have been used to conduct supervised classification for land use and land cover maps. However, to achieve high classification accuracy, ground truth samples with fine quality and large quantity are required. Collecting ground truth samples is both time-consuming and expensive and sometimes even unviable when ground truth samples are needed for the past years. In this paper, we provided a way of using the GlobeLand30 (GLC30) 2000 and 2010 products as ground truth instead of manually labeling ground truth samples to produce land use and land cover maps for 2005 in our study area, Bangladesh country on Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform. The accuracy assessment is conducted on randomly generated samples from GlobeLand30 products, and the overall accuracy is around 84.8%.
Tooling Cardboard for Smart Reuse: A Digital and Analog Workflow for Upcycling Waste Corrugated Cardboard as a Building Material

This paper is a description of a hybridized digital and analog workflow for reusing waste corrugated cardboard as a building material. The work explores a combination of digital design and analog fabrication tools to create a workflow that would help designers/builders to negotiate with the material variability of waste cardboard. The workflow discussed here was implemented for designing and fabricating a prototypical modular floor panel using different sheets of waste cardboard combined with repurposed wood. The implementation shows that combining digital and analog tools can create a novel approach to material reuse, and facilitate a design/fabrication culture of smart reuse that supports informal building and making at recycling collection centers in developing countries for housing alternatives.
Optimizing Mean Arterial Pressure in Acutely Comatose Patients Using Cerebral Autoregulation Multimodal Monitoring With Near-Infrared Spectroscopy.

Objectives This study investigated whether comatose patients with greater duration and magnitude of clinically observed mean arterial pressure outside optimal mean arterial blood pressure have worse outcomes than those with mean arterial blood pressure closer to optimal mean arterial blood pressure calculated by bedside multimodal cerebral autoregulation monitoring using near-infrared spectroscopy. Design Prospective observational study. Setting Neurocritical Care Unit of the Johns Hopkins Hospital. Subjects Acutely comatose patients secondary to brain injury. Interventions None. Measurements and main results The cerebral oximetry index was continuously monitored with near-infrared spectroscopy for up to 3 days. Optimal mean arterial blood pressure was defined as that mean arterial blood pressure at the lowest cerebral oximetry index (nadir index) for each 24-hour period of monitoring. Kaplan-Meier analysis and proportional hazard regression models were used to determine if survival at 3 months was associated with a shorter duration of mean arterial blood pressure outside optimal mean arterial blood pressure and the absolute difference between clinically observed mean arterial blood pressure and optimal mean arterial blood pressure. A total 91 comatose patients were enrolled in the study. The most common etiology was intracerebral hemorrhage. Optimal mean arterial blood pressure could be calculated in 89 patients (97%), and the median optimal mean arterial blood pressure was 89.7 mm Hg (84.6-100 mm Hg). In multivariate proportional hazard analysis, duration outside optimal mean arterial blood pressure of greater than 80% of monitoring time (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.13; 95% CI, 1.04-4.41; p = 0.04) and absolute difference between clinically observed mean arterial blood pressure and optimal mean arterial blood pressure of more than 10 mm Hg (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.44; 95% CI, 1.21-4.92; p = 0.013) were independently associated with mortality at 3 months, after adjusting for brain herniation, admission Glasgow Coma Scale, duration on vasopressors and midline shift at septum. Conclusions Comatose neurocritically ill adults with an absolute difference between clinically observed mean arterial blood pressure and optimal mean arterial blood pressure greater than 10 mm Hg and duration outside optimal mean arterial blood pressure greater than 80% had increased mortality at 3 months. Noninvasive near-infrared spectroscopy-based bedside calculation of optimal mean arterial blood pressure is feasible and might be a promising tool for cerebral autoregulation oriented-therapy in neurocritical care patients.
Competitive dominance, gang size and the directionality of gang violence

Intergroup violence is assumed to play a key role in establishing and maintaining gang competitive dominance. However, it is not clear how competitive ability, gang size and reciprocal violence interact. Does competitive dominance lead to larger gangs, or allow them to remain small? Does competitive dominance lead gangs to mount more attacks against rivals, or expose them to more attacks? We explore a model developed in theoretical ecology to understand communities arranged in strict competitive hierarchies. The model is extended to generate expectations about gang size distributions and the directionality of gang violence. Model expectations are explored with twenty-three years of data on gang homicides from Los Angeles. Gangs may mitigate competitive pressure by quickly finding gaps in the spatial coverage of superior competitors. Competitively superior gangs can be larger or smaller than competitively inferior gangs and a disproportionate source or target of directional violence, depending upon where exactly they fall in the competitive hierarchy. A model specifying the mechanism of competitive dominance is needed to correctly interpret gang size and violence patterns.
Development of TracMyAir Smartphone Application for Modeling Exposures to Ambient PM2.5 and Ozone.

Air pollution epidemiology studies of ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone (O3) often use outdoor concentrations as exposure surrogates. Failure to account for the variability of the indoor infiltration of ambient PM2.5 and O3, and time indoors, can induce exposure errors. We developed an exposure model called TracMyAir, which is an iPhone application (“app”) that determines seven tiers of individual-level exposure metrics in real-time for ambient PM2.5 and O3 using outdoor concentrations, weather, home building characteristics, time-locations, and time-activities. We linked a mechanistic air exchange rate (AER) model, a mass-balance PM2.5 and O3 building infiltration model, and an inhaled ventilation model to determine outdoor concentrations (Tier 1), residential AER (Tier 2), infiltration factors (Tier 3), indoor concentrations (Tier 4), personal exposure factors (Tier 5), personal exposures (Tier 6), and inhaled doses (Tier 7). Using the application in central North Carolina, we demonstrated its ability to automatically obtain real-time input data from the nearest air monitors and weather stations, and predict the exposure metrics. A sensitivity analysis showed that the modeled exposure metrics can vary substantially with changes in seasonal indoor-outdoor temperature differences, daily home operating conditions (i.e., opening windows and operating air cleaners), and time spent outdoors. The capability of TracMyAir could help reduce uncertainty of ambient PM2.5 and O3 exposure metrics used in epidemiology studies.
Shear layer of inclined jets in crossflow studied with spectral proper orthogonal decomposition and spectral transfer entropy

Abstract Several classes of vortical structures are present in a jet in crossflow, and the present paper sets out to investigate one of them: jet shear layer unsteadiness. An inclined jet in crossflow that is relevant to discrete hole film cooling applications is considered, with focus on two velocity ratios, r = 1 and r = 2 . Highly resolved large eddy simulations (LES) described and validated in previous work are employed. Power spectra show that shear layer oscillations contain a broader range of frequencies than suggested by previous studies, and two spectral techniques are used to investigate this behavior. Spectral proper orthogonal decomposition (SPOD) shows modes that encompass the hole and the shear layer, suggesting their motions are linked. Then, we develop and employ a technique to establish causality between signals in different locations called spectral transfer entropy (STE), which is adapted from information theory. The results show that unsteadiness in the hole affects the spectral content of the shear layer, confirming the importance of resolving the plenum and the hole in simulations with realistic jet inflow, such as film cooling configurations.
Adapting True Crime: George Wilkins’s The Miseries of Inforst Marriage , the Tragedy of Wardship, and the Early Modern Court of Wards and Liveries

Walter Calverley’s 1605 murder of two of his children and attempted murder of his wife and infant sparked the early modern public’s imagination. George Wilkins’s The Miseries of Inforst Marriage adapts these grisly murders in a domestic tragedy model of wardship not marriage. I argue that Wilkins’s modification of the Calverley murders critiques wardship as administered under the Court of Wards and Liveries and the exploitative patriarchy allowed to flourish under this system. I will compare The Miseries of Inforst Marriage to two other contemporaneous treatments of the case and demonstrate where Wilkins is exaggerating or downplaying common aspects of the three works to communicate his condemnation of wardship.
Changes in Diet Quality over 10 Years Are Associated with Baseline Sociodemographic and Lifestyle Factors in the Multiethnic Cohort Study.

BACKGROUND Trends in diet quality among US adults indicate a steady improvement, but data on longitudinal individual-level changes in diet quality are still limited. OBJECTIVE We examined changes in diet quality over 10 y and sought to determine whether baseline sociodemographic and lifestyle factors predicted the changes in a multiethnic population. METHODS Data were from 63,255 African American, Native Hawaiian, Japanese American, Latino, and white men and women (45-75 y old at baseline) in the Multiethnic Cohort, who completed a quantitative food frequency questionnaire at baseline (1993-1996) and 10-y follow-up (2003-2007) and had no prevalent cancer or heart disease at either survey. Overall diet quality was measured by use of the Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015), the Alternative Healthy Eating Index-2010 (AHEI-2010), the alternate Mediterranean Diet score, and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) score. We used a general linear model with adjustment for covariates to compare diet quality changes by baseline characteristics in men and women separately. RESULTS Overall diet quality improved over 10 y by 3.2 points in men and 2.9 in women assessed using the HEI-2015, although scores for some components worsened (saturated and trans fats, indicating increased intake) or remained unchanged at a low quality level (whole grains, dairy, and sodium). In multivariable models where changes in HEI-2015, AHEI-2010, and DASH were harmonized to a 100-point score, greater increases in scores in both men and women were found for Japanese American ethnicity (increase by 0.5-4.7 in the 3 scores, P < 0.03), higher education (by 0.5-1.5, P ≤ 0.001), normal weight (BMI 18.5 to <25, by 0.6-2.5, P ≤ 0.01), nonsmoking (by 1.5-2.7, P < 0.001), higher moderate/vigorous physical activity level (by 0.3-0.8, P ≤ 0.04), and multivitamin use (by 0.4-0.7, P < 0.001) at baseline. CONCLUSIONS Sociodemographic and lifestyle factors, closely associated with diet quality, also predicted subsequent changes in diet quality over time in this multiethnic population.
Mock Trial as a Learning Tool in a Family Medicine Residency

Background and objectives Mock trials have been used to teach medical learners about malpractice litigation, ethics, legal concepts, and evidence-based practice. Although 5.2% of family physicians are sued for malpractice annually, there is no formal requirement nor curriculum for educating our residents about malpractice, and mock trial has not been reported as an education modality in a family medicine residency. We developed a mock trial experience to educate family medicine residents about malpractice litigation and evaluated the resident experience over 3 years. Methods This is a retrospective, single-site study evaluating resident experience in our mock trials. We assessed perceived value using a 5-point Likert scale; and we assessed knowledge with free-text answers to both open and closed questions. We used descriptive statistics to describe data. Results Residents found the mock trial effective and engaging, giving the experience an overall evaluation of 4.9/5±0.3; 86.4% identified the importance of documentation as a learning outcome; 72.7% of residents identified negligence as necessary to justify a lawsuit, but they demonstrated limited mastery of the four elements of negligence, with 45.5% correctly listing harm, 40.9% causation, 13.6% breach of duty, and 0% duty owed. Conclusions Mock trial is an enjoyable and effective tool to engage residents and provide a general understanding of malpractice litigation. It is less effective in conveying nuanced details of negligence. It may also be effective in teaching practice management techniques.
Recognizing the Impact of Study Abroad on Women Business Students: Results from a Mixed Methods Global Competency Survey

This article presents the results of a mixed methods survey collected from male and female business students that have studied abroad and not studied abroad. The survey of business students indicates significant differences between men and women that have studied abroad regarding motivation and outcomes of study abroad experience. This paper describes the significant outcomes of study abroad emphasizing the effects of study abroad on women’s global competency. The discussion, limitations, and recommendations for future research, program development, and career integration for women are also presented. The goal of this paper is to have readers reconsider the relevancy of study abroad for women.
Entrando en el juego: The Role of Hispanic-Serving Institutions in Fostering Educational and Athletic Outcomes for Latinx Athletes

Hispanic-Serving Institutions (HSIs) enroll the majority of Latinx undergraduate students and constitute the second-largest institutional type in the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I (D1). Yet, little is known about the role intercollegiate athletics play in fostering educational outcomes for Latinx students at HSIs. Under the guise of Latinx critical race theory, this qualitative study examined how HSIs operate both the federal designation and NCAA D1 membership in relation to athletic participation and completion outcomes for Latinx student-athletes. Document analysis was utilized to disaggregate data from various reports to identify the HSI-D1 institutions and their Latinx athletes’ participation, and graduation rates. These findings were then compared to the overall NCAA D1 averages. Among the findings, Latinx student-athletes graduated at higher rates than non-athletes from the HSI-D1s. However, as an aggregate, these institutions had below average graduation rates of Latinx students and student-athletes in comparison to the national rates across NCAA D1 membership. Furthermore, HSI-D1s provided limited athletic participation opportunities for Latinx athletes. The study concluded with the implications of findings and recommendations for future studies.
Engineering/Technology Talent Development on the College Campus

Engineering technology is evolving rapidly in the Information Age, much faster than institutions of learning can upgrade their programs and syllabi. India has developed more engineering programs that dwell on mathematical analysis, theory and an understanding of the science rather than engineering technology programs which focus on application of science to solve real-world problems. Industries rely on innovation which is all about making incremental modifications to existing solutions with the intention of adding value or improving the efficiency. Thus there is a fundamental disconnect in the expectation of industry from graduating students and the focus of engineering programs. In this paper, we will consider the aspect of industry-readiness of graduating engineers, focusing on three areas of engineering, namely, electronics and communication engineering, Electrical Engineering, and computer science. The objective of the paper is to identify the gaps and suggest ways to fill this gap.
Treatment of tibial plateau fractures with a novel fenestrated screw system for delivery of bone graft substitute

The purpose of this study was to describe the incidence of subsidence in patients with AO/OTA 41 (tibial plateau) fractures which were repaired with a novel fenestrated screw system to used to deliver CaPO4 bone substitute material to fill the subchondral void and support the articular reduction. Patients with unicondylar and bicondylar tibial plateau fractures were treated according to the usual technique of two surgeons. After fixation, the Zimmer Biomet N-Force Fixation System®, a fenestrated screw that allows for the injection of bone substitute was placed and used for injection of the proprietary calcium phosphate bone graft substitute into the subchondral void. For all included patients, demographic information, operative data, radiographs, and clinic notes were reviewed. Patients were considered to have articular subsidence if one or more of two observations were made when comparing post-operative to their most recent clinic radiographs: > 2 mm change in the distance between the screw and the lowest point of the tibial plateau, > 2 mm change in the distance between the screw and the most superior aspect of the plate. Data were analyzed to determine if there were any identifiable risk factors for complication, reoperation, or subsidence using logistic regression. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. 34 patients were included with an average follow-up of 32.03 ± 22.52 weeks. There were no overall differences between height relative to the medial plateau or the plate. Two patients (5.9%) had articular subsidence. Six patients (15.2%) underwent reoperation, two (6%) for manipulations under anaesthesia due to arthrofibrosis, and four (12%) due to infections. There were 6 (19%) total infections as 2 were superficial and required solely antibiotics. One patient had early failure. Use of a novel fenestrated screw system for the delivery of CaPO4 BSM results in articular subsidence and complication rates similar to previously published values and appears to be a viable option for addressing subchondral defects in tibial plateau fractures. IV.
Rap on Trial: A Legal Guide for Attorneys

This legal guide serves as a comprehensive resource for attorneys dealing with rap lyrics introduced in any stage of criminal proceedings – from initial discovery to trial to sentencing. It includes explanations of common rap conventions that may be unfamiliar to lawyers and jurors, an overview of empirical research on rap and bias, legal grounds for evidentiary and First Amendment challenges to admitting lyrics into a trial, suggestions for jury selection, and more. Along with the guide, we provide a collection of cases involving rap lyrics and a set of relevant court briefs.
Illuminating the Blind Spot: Examining Linkages between Manufacturing Technology and Competitive Strategy

This paper presents an empirically grounded study investigating linkages between manufacturing technology and competitive strategy in light of fundamental changes in technology due to flexible, computer controlled equipment. The technology — strategy relationship and the alignment process is examined for twenty firms. The purpose of the paper is to raise questions, rather than answer them, and identify promising directions for manufacturing strategy research.
Abstract 16278: 10-Year Follow up Assessment of a Phase I Trial of Angiogenic Gene Therapy for the Treatment of Coronary Artery Disease Using Direct Intramyocardial Administration Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor 121

Background: Based on studies in experimental animals demonstrating that AdVEGF121, an E1-E3- serotype 5 adenovirus coding for the 121 isoform of vascular endothelial growth factor, could mandate the generation of new blood vessels and reverse coronary ischemia, clinical studies of direct myocardial administration of AdVEGF121 were initiated in patients with late stage coronary artery disease. This study provides long-term follow-up on these patients having undergone adenoviral-based administration of angiogenic mediators to the myocardium. Methods: From 1997 to 1999, AdVEGF was administered by direct myocardial injection to an area of reversible ischemia in 31 patients with severe coronary disease, either as an adjunct to conventional coronary artery bypass grafting (Group A, n = 15) or as sole therapy using a mini-thoracotomy (Group B, n = 16). Ten year follow-up was obtained for these patients. Results: Follow-up was complete in 29 (94%) of patients. The five year survival in Group A was 10/15 (67%) and 11/16 (69%) in Group B. Ten year survival was 6/15 (40%) and 5/16 (31%) for these patients, respectively. Mortality was associated with greater age and a higher incidence of diabetes and hypertension at the time of initial surgery. During the time of follow-up (median 11.8 years), four patients developed potentially treatment-related complications, including one patient with retinopathy and three patients (10%) with malignancies (one each with prostate cancer, colon cancer, and lymphoma/squamous cell cancer of the head), consistent with an expected 14% incidence of malignancy predicted in this age population. Several patients also underwent subsequent cardiac-related procedures, including repeat vascularization (n=5), ICD placement (n=6), and one cardiac transplantation. At ten year follow- up, five of the six living Group A patients and three of the four living Group B patients (excluding the transplant) had a CCS Angina Class of 1 or 2. Conclusion: This small case series of high-risk patients that received myocardial administration of AdVEGF documents that AdVEGF may be safely administered with minimal long term related morbidity and mortality. Future larger trials appear warranted to confirm these preliminary findings.
Deviant Desires: Incredibly Strange Sex. By Katherine Gates. New York: Juno Books, 2000. 248 pages, illustrations, photos, bibliography. Paperback, ISBN 1-890451-03-7, $24.99.

(2001). Deviant Desires: Incredibly Strange Sex. By Katherine Gates. New York: Juno Books, 2000. 248 pages, illustrations, photos, bibliography. Paperback, ISBN 1-890451-03-7, $24.99. Journal of Sex Education and Therapy: Vol. 26, No. 2, pp. 155-156.
Cost-effective parallel tiled display

This paper describes the CECA VisLab Tiled Display---a reconfigurable, multi-screen, multi-computer, distributed image display system with zoom and pan functions. The project software utilizes distributed computing algorithms to control a parallel system to render high resolution images and scientific data on multiple displays. The system extends open source software to provide a large tiled image display using commodity hardware. The current version runs on Microsoft Windows but it can be easily ported to other platforms. The intent is to provide a cost- effective, multi-platform, distributed image rendering and display program usable by non-computer specialists. Possible applications include high image resolution display for physicists, astronomers, and biologists.
Jet Impingement Heat Transfer: Physics, Correlations, and Numerical Modeling

Publisher Summary This chapter presents a discussion on jet impingement heat transfer. The chapter describes the applications and physics of the flow and heat transfer phenomena, available empirical correlations and values they predict, and numerical simulation techniques and results of impinging jet devices for heat transfer. The relative strengths and drawbacks of the Reynolds stress model, algebraic stress models, shear stress transport, and v 2 f turbulence models for impinging jet flow and heat transfer are compared in the chapter. The chapter provides select model equations as well as quantitative assessments of model errors and judgments of model suitability. The review of recent impinging jet research publications identified a series of engineering research tasks that are important for improving the design and resulting performance of impinging jets: (1) clearly resolve the physical mechanisms by which multiple peaks occur in the transfer coefficient profiles, and clarify which mechanism(s) dominate in various geometries and Reynolds number regimes, (2) develop a turbulence model, and associated wall treatment if necessary, that reliably and efficiently provides time-averaged transfer coefficients, (3) develop alternate nozzle and installation geometries that provide higher efficiency, meaning improved Nu profiles at either a set flow or set blower power, and (4) further explore the effects of jet interference in jet array geometries, both experimentally and numerically. This includes improved design of exit pathways for spent flow in array installations.
The Chick Chorioallantoic Membrane as an In Vivo Angiogenesis Model

The chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay for angiogenic activity is a model originally developed to study the angiogenic activity of tumor samples. It is an in vivo assay that can be readily performed in any laboratory setting. The effects of a test compound on angiogenesis are tested by exposing day 10 embryos to the compound and following the patterns of blood vessel development, scoring the appearance of the CAM at day 12 or 13.
Extinguishing a Cell Cycle Checkpoint

The steps in cell division are precisely orchestrated. A key checkpoint is inactivated after it has performed its function so that the next steps can take place.
Intraparticle diffusion and conduction in porous catalysts—II: Complex reactions

Abstract The problem of intraparticle diffusion and conduction is considered for complex reactions taking place in porous catalytic spheres. It is assumed that Knudsen diffusion prevails and that heat generated in the reaction is conducted through the porous structure to the catalyst surface. Equations are written for an arbitrary number of reactions and criteria are developed to determine the number of conservation equations for complex systems. A particular numerical example is worked both approximately and exactly by the same technique as used in the previous paper; the term exactly meaning that partial pressure and temperature profiles may be calculated numerically as accurately as desired. The approximate method should be satisfactory for almost all industrial work.
Chapter 2 Energy band theory of metallic magnetism in the elements

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the energy band theory of metallic magnetism in the elements. Some of these magnetic phases are produced by epitaxial growth, which can expand a lattice, but the greatest number is found by application of the band theory of magnetism. This theory has a sound basis and a computationally practicable form to obtain reliable ground-state properties of crystalline elemental solids. The theory makes use of a set of Schrodinger-like one-electron equations to describe the ground state of a system with given nuclear positions. The equations contain an effective one-electron potential such as a function of electron position, which adds exchange and correlation effects to Hartree-type Coulomb terms to describe electron electron interactions. Several forms of the effective potential are deduced from various physical approximations; among these forms are the X α form based on a statistical treatment of the exchange interaction and the local-density approximation (LDA) in the density functional theory of the ground state. The LDA results agree better with experiment and have a sounder physical basis, so that recent work is mostly with the LDA. The computation of ground-state magnetic properties by the augmented spherical wave method is described, including the procedure for locating magnetic phases and their stability limits. The useful simple Stoner formulation is given and related to the general theory.
Self-Consistent Mosfet Tunneling Simulations—Trends in the Gate and Substrate Currents and the Drain-Current Turnaround Effect with Oxide Scaling

This paper discusses the simulation needs of deep-submicron MOSFETs beyond the 100 nm technology generation where the tunneling of carriers through the gate dielectric will become a vital issue in device design, optimization, and characterization. We present simulation results of Tunnel-PISCES, a MOSFET device simulator where tunneling in the gate dielectric is implemented in a self-consistent manner with the device equations in the substrate. Simulation results of trends in the gate, substrate, and drain currents with oxide scaling are presented. The drain-current turnaround effect is explained by considering the role of the voltage drop across the polysilicon gate resistance in determining the device gate tunneling conditions.
Ultrahigh vacuum/transfer system for electrochemical studies

An ultrahigh vacuum/transfer system has been designed and constructed to investigate the electrochemical properties of surfaces prepared and characterized in ultrahigh vacuum (UHV). One of the unique features of this system is a self‐contained electrochemical cell with a built‐in dynamic hydrogen reference electrode which can be charged and tested in situ. The capabilities of the apparatus were demonstrated by examining the cyclic voltammetry of c(4×2)CO/Ni(111) surfaces (formed in UHV) in 0.1 M KOH electrolytes. The first linear scan in the positive direction revealed characteristic features associated with the quantitative electrooxidation of the adsorbed CO not observed in specimens exposed to an oxygen containing atmosphere.
25th anniversary of the International Long-QT Syndrome Registry: an ongoing quest to uncover the secrets of long-QT syndrome.

Today, it is exceptional to find a major cardiology congress without a session devoted to the long-QT syndrome (LQTS), but it was quite different 25 years ago when the minuscule knowledge about LQTS was paralleled only by the minute number of investigators interested in what seemed to be little more than a medical oddity. Partly by chance, the two of us had actually and independently developed a rather burning interest and curiosity for this often lethal hereditary disorder that is spiced by several unique features.1–4 We joined forces with the goal of unraveling this mysterious disease by establishing a prospective International Registry for LQTS. The main objectives were those to gain insight into the natural history, clinical course, and efficacy of current and novel therapies. When molecular biology techniques matured to the point of making possible the identification of disease-causing genes and disease-causing mutations, what became essential was the availability of numerous and well-developed clinical pedigrees providing clear separation between “affected” and “nonaffected” individuals. This is what the Registry was able to provide and where it played a decisive role in sharing with molecular biologists the ideal material for their analysis. In 1979, when the Registry was established, it did not escape us that this long-term project was likely to contribute to a better understanding and management of LQTS. Quite frankly, however, we did not anticipate the explosion of knowledge that would result from the genetic and molecular findings of the 1990s and the central role that the Registry, with its well-defined clinical phenotypes and family pedigrees, would play in uncovering the secrets of this disorder. Additionally, we could not have fathomed the now clear evidence that LQTS indeed represents a paradigm for the understanding of sudden cardiac death in more common cardiac diseases. Our primary objective with the …
Fixity, the discourse of efficiency, and enclosure in the Sahelian land ‘reserve’

The spate of foreign investments in land in developing countries in recent years has sparked speculation about trends in agriculture in developing countries, including the nature of land consolidation and the tradeoffs between food sovereignty and export-oriented growth. Consistent with policy favoring mechanization, irrigation, and chemical inputs, the economy of scale and access to infrastructure provided by large concessions is viewed as a means to overcome biophysical production constraints. Domestic officials legitimize large concessions through references to stores of available ‘idle’ and ‘marginal’ land. However, this raises important questions about the historical track records of modern management techniques as well as existing claims on these lands. Low productivity areas are heavily used by pastoralists as extensive grazing tracts, but these lands have historically been viewed as an agricultural reserve. In the Sahel, policy discourse around large-scale leases has a long history that can be tra...
Damage in fused-silica spatial-filter lenses on the OMEGA laser system

Vacuum surface damage to fused-silica, spatial-filter lenses is the most prevalent laser-damage problem occurring on the OMEGA laser system. Approximately one-half of the stage C- input and output, D-input, E-input, and F-input spatial- filter lenses are currently damaged with millimeter-scale fracture sites. With the establishment of safe operational damage criteria, laser operation has not been impeded. These sol-gel-coated lenses see an average fluence of 2 to 4 J/cm2 at 1053 nm/1 ns. Sol-gel coatings on fused-silica glass have small-spot damage thresholds at least a factor of 2 higher than this peak operational fluence. It is now known that the vacuum surface of OMEGA's spatial-filter lenses are contaminated with vacuum pump oils and machine oils used in the manufacture of the tubes; however, development-phase damage tests were conducted on uncontaminated witness samples. Possible explanations for the damage include absorbing defects originating form ablated pinhole materials, contamination nucleated at surface defects on the coating, or subsurface defects from the polishing process. The damage does not correlate with hot spots in the beam, and the possibility of damage from ghost reflections has been eliminated. Experiments have been initiated to investigate the long-term benefits of ion etching to remove subsurface damage and to replace sol-gel layers by dielectric oxide coatings, which do not degrade with oil contamination.
Anticancer Activity of the Cholesterol Exporter ABCA1 Gene

The ABCA1 protein mediates the transfer of cellular cholesterol across the plasma membrane to apolipoprotein A-I. Loss-of-function mutations in the ABCA1 gene induce Tangier disease and familial hypoalphalipoproteinemia, both cardiovascular conditions characterized by abnormally low levels of serum cholesterol, increased cholesterol in macrophages, and subsequent formation of vascular plaque. Increased intracellular cholesterol levels are also frequently found in cancer cells. Here, we demonstrate anticancer activity of ABCA1 efflux function, which is compromised following inhibition of ABCA1 gene expression by oncogenic mutations or cancer-specific ABCA1 loss-of-function mutations. In concert with elevated cholesterol synthesis found in cancer cells, ABCA1 deficiency allows for increased mitochondrial cholesterol, inhibits release of mitochondrial cell death-promoting molecules, and thus facilitates cancer cell survival, suggesting that elevated mitochondrial cholesterol is essential to the cancer phenotype.
The role of rhetoric in changing teachers' beliefs

Abstract This paper critically reviews recent suggestions from Buchmann, Fenstermacher, and Zumwalt that teachers draw their own conclusions from research findings, rather than accept the conclusions researchers draw. Drawing on Gusfield's analysis of the language of social science, the paper considers the suggestions as proposals for the rhetoric that should be used in research reporting. It is argued that acknowledging the importance of teachers' rationality does not require researchers to abandon drawing implications and attempting to persuade teachers to accept those implications.
Evaluation of hardware-firmware-software trade-offs with mathematical modeling

The 70's are expected to become the beginning of the era of intellectual maturity of the information processing systems. Until now the main challenge was the adaptation of problems to the computers. The new challenge is the adaptation of computers to the problems.
A comparison of touch imprint cytology and Mohs frozen-section histology in the evaluation of Mohs micrographic surgical margins

Abstract Background: Touch imprint cytology (TIC) is commonly used in the diagnosis of tumors and has been applied to margin analysis of breast lumpectomy specimens with good success. Objective: Our purpose was to determine the diagnostic adequacy of TIC for identifying positive and negative Mohs surgical margins for basal cell carcinoma (BCC) excisions, compared with the "gold" standard, Mohs tangential sectioning. Methods: Fifty-eight patients undergoing 69 Mohs micrographic surgical procedures for biopsy-proven BCC were included in this study between October 1998 and January 1999. Patients were excluded if the neoplasms were of another histologic type, including BCCs with squamous features. One hundred sixty-six touch imprint slides were prepared from 166 fragments of skin tissue excised during MMS. Touch imprint slides were evaluated blindly and independently by two pathologists, one of whom was also a cytopathologist. The slides were diagnosed as positive for tumor, negative for tumor, or, rarely, atypical but suspect for tumor. Discrepancies between the pathologists' interpretations were re-evaluated with the use of a two-headed microscope and a consensus was reached. After all cytologic interpretation was completed, the results were compared with the histologic diagnosis rendered for each fragment of tissue by the Mohs surgeon. Results: The prevalence of a positive margin by histologic confirmation was 55% overall, 60% for recurrent or sclerosing lesions, and 51% for nonsclerosing or recurrent lesions. The overall accuracy of this technique in identifying true positive and true negative margins was 71%. The sensitivity of TIC for identifying a positive margin was approximately 50% for all BCC types. The specificity was approximately 90% for all BCC types. Conclusion: TIC is inadequate for identifying positive margins compared with the "gold" standard, MMS. (J Am Acad Dermatol 2001;44:660-4.)
DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF CHRONIC ACTIVE HEPATITIS (CAH) IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS-NEED FOR PROLONGED THERAPY

DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF CHRONIC ACTIVE HEPATITIS (CAH) IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS-NEED FOR PROLONGED THERAPY
The inverse laplace transform of a function of the m-derived filters

The inverse Laplace transformation of a transfer function of the m-derived wave filters is presented. Using this result, the transient responses of a composite wave filter and a distributed amplifier using m-derived filter sections are derived. They are shown to be expressible as sums of integrals involving generalized hypergeometric functions in the same way that the solutions for other wave filters involve Bessel functions.