cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The nucleotide sequence of the rodC operon of Bacillus subtilis.

Summary The rodC1 mutation of Bacillus subtilis is a temperature-sensitive marker which affects the levels of teichoic acid synthesis and the cellular morphology. We have determined the nucleotide sequence of the bicistronic operon which contains the rodC gene and the nucleotide sequence of the rodC1 mutant allele. The temperature-sensitive phenotype of the rodC mutant is the result of a single base-pair change. A cytosine to thymine transition in the non-coding strand results in the replacement of a serine residue in the wild-type protein with a phenylalanine residue in the mutant protein. The other gene in the operon, the rodD gene, appears to be equivalent to the gtaA gene which encodes uridine diphosphate-glucose poly-(glycerol phosphate) α-glucosyl transferase, an enzyme involved in techoic acid synthesis. This is the first nucleotide sequence analysis of both the wild-type and mutant alleles of a morphogene in B. subtilis.
Asymptotic analysis of laminar flame propagation: Review and extension

Abstract The structure of a steady 1-dimensional isobaric deflagration is analysed in the physical plane for the case of a direct first-order one-step irreversible exothermic unimolecular decomposition under Arrhenius kinetics. In particular, the eigenvalue giving the speed of propagation of the laminar flame into the unburned gas is sought for Lewis-Semenov number unity. Limit-process expansion techniques are applied for the physically interesting limit of activation temperature large relative to the adiabatic flame temperature. Through consideration of the higher-order contributions to the asymptotic solutions for the downstream reactive-diffusive zone and the upstream convective-diffusive zone of the laminar flame, the physical-plane anslysis brings out details of the flame structure, including the two-region character of the downstream zone, not brought out in the conventional phase-plane analysis. Applications of the results of this analysis to more general deflagration problems are discussed.
The "psychic cell" of Ramón y Cajal.

Santiago Ramon y Cajal might have envisioned, but likely could not have anticipated, the scientific advances that have allowed the functional validation of the existence of a "psychic cell" in the prefrontal cortex and its extension to human cognition at the end of the 20th century. This achievement rests not only on the shoulders of giants but on many small steps in the development of primate cognition, single and multiple unit recording in behaving monkeys, light and electron microscopic analysis of cortical circuitry no less than on the evolution of concepts about memory systems and parallel processing networks, among other advances. We can only wonder what the next generation of neuroscientists will bring to our understanding of brain-behavior relationships and human information capacity.
Sedimentation associated with forest road surfacing in a bottomland hardwood ecosystem

Abstract Access systems are a necessary element of resource production in bottomland hardwood sites. However, road building may have a detrimental effect on hydrologic function of the site. This report describes initial results of a study designed to examine the effect of different road surfacing treatments on water quality. Four surfacing treatments installed on two test roads included native soil, native soil with vegetative stabilization, 6 cm of gravel, and 15 cm of gravel over geotextile. During the first flooding season periodic sampling measured floodwater suspended sediments and location of erosion and sediment deposition within the road prism. Initial results suggest that sediment movement was confined to the road right-of-way, with no statistically significant sedimentation effects detected beyond the clearing limits of the road. The study is continuing for another field season.
Evaluation of the MODIS (MOD10A1) daily snow albedo product over the Greenland ice sheet

This study evaluates the performance of the beta-test MODIS (MOD10A1) daily albedo product using in situ data collected in Greenland during summer 2004. Results indicate the beta-test product tracks the general seasonal variability in albedo but exhibits significant more temporal variability than observed at the stations. This may indicate problems with the cloud detection algorithm, and/or failure of the BRDF model to adequately model the bidirectional reflectance of snow. Comparisons with in situ observations at five automatic weather stations in Greenland indicate an overall RMSE of 0.067 for the Terra instrument and an RMSE of 0.075 on Aqua. The Terra-retrieved-albedo are slightly better correlated with the in situ data than the Aqua retrievals (r=0.79 versus r=0.77). Comparisons were also made between the MODIS daily albedo product and the MODIS 16-day albedo product (MOD43B3). Results indicate general correspondence between the two products, with better agreement found using the Terra-retrieved-albedo than the Aqua-retrieved albedo. The reason for the differences in albedo between the Aqua and Terra satellites remains unclear. At the stations examined, both the Terra and Aqua retrievals were made at nearly the same time of the day and therefore the differences in albedo between the satellites cannot be explained by differences in solar illumination. Finally, the albedo derived using MODIS data and the direct estimation algorithm (DEA) was also compared with 2004 Greenland in situ data. Results from this comparison suggest that the DEA performs well as long as the solar zenith angle of the observation is not greater than 70°.
What are animals? Why anthropomorphism is still not a scientific approach to behavior

Before Darwin, the relationship of humans to the rest of creation was straightforward. Animals had instincts and habits: humans were blessed with rationality and language. Darwin’s recognition of the interrelatedness of all living things made this position untenable. Around the time of the publication of Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection, people began to use the term “anthropomorphism” to describe the attribution of human qualities to nonhuman animals. The rise of Behaviorism (e.g., Watson, 1913) led to a concentration on observable phenomena and treated ‘anthropomorphism’ only in a pejorative sense. Ethology, which arose in the 1930s, shared the Behaviorists’ distaste for anthropomorphic and mentalistic explanations (e.g., Tinbergen, 1951). This reticence was punctured by Griffin in 1976. Griffin argued that all animal species are consciously aware and consequently, anthropomorphism is an entirely appropriate way of thinking about animals. Several contemporary authors have attempted to ‘tame’ anthropomorphism into a respectable branch of psychology. Burghardt (1991) coined the term “critical anthropomorphism” to distinguish the inevitable (“naive”) anthropomorphic impulses that human beings uncritically bring to other species, from a sophisticated anthropomorphism. This latter type of anthropomorphism uses the assumption that animals have private experiences as an “heuristic method to formulate research agendas that result in publicly verifiable data that move our understanding of behavior forward” (Burghardt, 1991, p. 86). I shall argue that, as I put it once before, “the reintroduction of anthropomorphism risks bringing back the dirty bathwater as we rescue the baby” (Wynne, 2004). The study of animal cognition will only proceed effectively once it rids itself of pre-scientific notions like anthropomorphism.
Six cadm/synCAM genes are expressed in the nervous system of developing zebrafish

The Cadm (cell adhesion molecule) family of cell adhesion molecules (also known as IGSF4, SynCAM, Necl and TSLC) has been implicated in a multitude of physiological and pathological processes, such as spermatogenesis, synapse formation and lung cancer. The precise mechanisms by which these adhesion molecules mediate these diverse functions remain unknown. To investigate mechanisms of action of these molecules during development, we have identified zebrafish orthologs of Cadm family members and have examined their expression patterns during development and in the adult. Zebrafish possess six cadm genes. Sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analysis suggest that four of the zebrafish cadm genes represent duplicates of two tetrapod Cadm genes, whereas the other two cadm genes are single orthologs of tetrapod Cadm genes. All six zebrafish cadms are expressed throughout the nervous system both during development and in the adult. The spatial and temporal patterns of expression suggest multiple roles for Cadms during nervous system development.
Polymorphic ventricular tachycardia induced by programmed stimulation: Response to procainamide

Abstract Objectives. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of procainamide on polymorphic ventricular tachycardia induced by programmed stimulation and to correlate the responses with heart disease, left ventricular endocardial activation abnormalities and the signal-averaged electrocardiogram (ECG). Background. Polymorphic ventricular tachycardia is induced frequently during electrophysiologic studies. In many patients this response is an artifact of programmed stimulation; in others, it appears to be clinically relevant. Previous observations have suggested that in some patients type IA antiarrhythmic agents can change the response to programmed stimulation from polymorphic to uniform ventricular tachycardia. Methods. Programmed right ventricular stimulation was performed in the absence of antiarrhythmic drugs and after procainamide. Signal-averaged ECGs and left ventricular maps were performed during sinus rhythm in the absence of antiarrhythmic drugs. Results. We evaluated 79 consecutive patients undergoing clinical electrophysiologic studies, in whom polymorphic ventricular tachycardia was the only arrhythmia induced in the absence of antiarrhythmic drugs. After procainamide administration, uniform monomorphic ventricular tachycardia was induced in 24 patients (Group 1), inducible polymorphic ventricular tachycardia persisted in 30 patients (Group 2) and no ventricular tachycardia could be induced in the remaining 25 patients (Group 3). Twenty-three (96%) of 24 patients developing uniform ventricular tachycardia after procainamide administration had coronary artery disease compared with 63% of Group 2 and 48% of Group 3 patients (p = 0.003). Left ventricular aneurysms were also found more frequently (46%) in the patients developing uniform ventricular tachycardia after procainamide than in either Group 2 or Group 3 (13% and 0%, respectively, p Abnormalities of the signal-averaged ECG typically seen in patients with spontaneous reentrant sustained ventricular tachycardia were significantly more frequent in patients who developed inducible uniform ventricular tachycardia after procainamide than in those who did not. Similarly, patients developing uniform ventricular tachycardia after procainamide had more extensive abnormalities of left ventricular endocardial activation revealed by catheter maps during sinus rhythm. Conclusions. The conversion of inducible polymorphic ventricular tachycardia to uniform ventricular tachycardia after procainamide administration occurs almost exclusively in patients with coronary disease, previous myocardial infarction and abnormal left ventricular function. This response may permit activation mapping of tachycardias, allowing the appllcation of surgical or catheter ablation techniques that would otherwise not be possible in such patients.
Influences on event attendance decisions for stock car automobile racing fans.

Despite a long period of annual growth, recent declining television ratings and race attendance have forced racetrack managers and NASCAR officials to improve management of their core product by effectively drawing fans to races. The purpose of this study was to examine influences of distinctive motivations on auto racing spectators' decisions to attend races, specifically mean importance scores for 17 attendance motivation variables for attending a national touring event and a local racing event. For both series, variables relating to fans' passion for racing were important to their attendance decisions, while advertising, promotions and ticket prices were found to be relatively minor. For national tour attendees, socialisation and series reputation were important attendance drivers, while local racing attendees were motivated to attend by chances to follow favourite drivers and were more motivated than national tour attendees by marketing mix variables, advertising, promotions and special events.
PARTICIPATION IN COMMUNITY THEATER AND TYPE OF PERSONALITY

The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator was given to 65 individuals, ranging from 18 to 65 yr. of age, involved in community theater productions. Forty-one were females and 24 were males. Participation cat...
Backscatter radiation at bone-titanium interface from high-energy X and gamma rays

Occasionally head and neck cancer patients treated with high-energy X rays and gamma rays have titanium metal dental implants in their maxillae or mandibles. The resulting effect of the bone-metal interface on the radiation dose is of interest. Ionization measurements for 60Co gamma rays and 6 MV and 25 MV X rays were made. A thin-window parallel-plate chamber was used to determine the magnitude of the dose enhancement that was due to the backscattered electrons from titanium. The results showed that for 60Co there is a 15% increase in dose to solid bone at the entrance side of the titanium. For higher energy X rays, the increase in dose was about the same or slightly lower than for 60Co. Monte Carlo calculations substantiated the measurements. This increase in dose fell off rapidly and became negligible at 1-2 mm from the interface. This backscattered dose should be taken into account when planning radiation therapy treatment for patients with dental implants.
Relative steric size of SCH3, OCH3, and CH3 groups from circular dichroism measurements

The relative steric size of methyl, methoxy, and methylthio groups was determined from circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy using a sensitive system based on the bilirubin model. In the cyclohexane model, equatorial vs. axial orientation and conformational analysis led to quantitative measurements of orientation preference or steric demand: conformational A-values CH(3) > SCH(3) > OCH(3). A more sterically demanding model for assessing group size has been found in bilirubin analogs, which are yellow pigments that adopt a ridge-tile shape stabilized by a matrix of intramolecular hydrogen bonds. Optically active bilirubins have been shown to exhibit intense bisignate CD Cotton effects from exciton coupling of their two dipyrrinone chromophores held in either of two enantiomeric ridge-tile conformations. Interconversion of these M and P conformational enantiomers of helical chirality is rapid at room temperature but may be displaced toward either enantiomer by intramolecular nonbonded steric interactions that arise when substituents are introduced at equivalent sterically demanding sites, viz., the alpha or beta carbons of the pigment's propionic acid chains. Such substituents shift the conformational equilibrium toward the M or the P-chirality conformer, depending only on the S or R stereochemistry at the alpha and beta sites, and the resulting exciton CD for the approximately 430 nm transition(s) was used to evaluate the relative steric size, SCH(3) > CH(3) > OCH(3).
Creativity as affected by differential reinforcements and test instructions

One-hundred and eight college students were administered the Torrance Test of Creative Thinking, the Uses Test, and the Rotter I-E Scale in a study of effects of reward and test conditions upon creativity. Generally, differential instructions (as a test, as a game, or without instructions) and differential reinforcement (verbal praise, money, or no reinforcement) did not affect creativity as they had in prior research with children. Correlations of various measures of creativity with the I-E Scale suggest that subjects with an internally perceived locus of control were more fluent and flexible whereas those with an external locus were more elaborate.
Response of the isolated kidney to saline infusion. 1.

SummaryThe isolated perfused dog kidney responds to saline infusion with a decrease in fractional and absolute sodium re-absorption in the proximal tubule. These results appear to be best explained by a reduction in plasma protein concentration.
Environment‐based empowerment in managerial training in education

This article extends previous theoretical work done in the area of empowerment in learning to empowerment in managerial training in education. The focus is on learning environment which are developed and within which empowerment occurs. Two such cases are described. The description includes that of the subject matter learned, the teaching methodology used and the learning outcomes. Outcomes appear to be valuable regardless of the empowering environment so long as the latter is designed to enhance learning by having trainees exposed to practice. What is most exciting about this effort is that not only skills are acquired effectively but also new knowledge is generated as part of the empowered training outcomes.
Sweet's syndrome with neurologic manifestations in a patient with esophageal adenocarcinoma: case report and review of the literature.

Background Sweet's syndrome, also known as febrile neutrophilic dermatosis, can occur in patients with an underlying malignancy and can present with extracutaneous manifestations, including neurologic symptoms. Methods This report describes a 62-year-old man with adenocarcinoma of the esophagus who developed Sweet's syndrome and whose postoperative course was complicated by encephalitis. Results A diagnosis of Sweet's syndrome with neurologic manifestations was made, and the patient was treated with oral corticosteroids. His symptoms improved markedly within 12 h. Conclusion Neurologic symptoms in Sweet's syndrome are infrequently reported and have not been described previously in a patient with adenocarcinoma of the esophagus.
Ocular Involvement in Chronic Sarcoidosis

Although spontaneous remissions often occur in sarcoidosis, chronic persistent disabling disease is also observed. Of a series of 183 patients with chronic sarcoidosis, 47 (26%) had ophthalmic involvement. In this series, chronic sarcoid was defined as disease for a minimum of five years. Patients were followed primarily for their systemic disease for a mean of 13 years. Uveitis developed in 35 patients (19%) and was an early manifestation in 32 (91%). The course of the ocular disease did not necessarily parallel that of the systemic disease. Despite the chronic nature of the underlying disease, the anterior uveitis did not pursue a chronic course in 15 of 33 patients (45%) and was generally characterized by a single episode at the onset of disease. Chronic uveitis and secondary glaucoma were poor prognostic signs, as eight of 11 patients with uveitis and glaucoma suffered severe visual loss.
Pre-Service Teachers' Metaphors of Teaching and Literacy.

The purpose of this study was to examine pre-service elementary teachers' metaphors of teaching and literacy and then relate their metaphorical images of literacy to content presented in the reading methods course. Specifically, 52 participants generated responses to open-ended statements, “Teaching is … ” and “Literacy is … ” Results indicated that the pre-service teachers' metaphors could be grouped into 11 themes for teaching and 14 themes for literacy. Two themes of teaching that arose in previous research—nurturing and guiding—were evident in the responses of this population as well, illustrating their commonality and perhaps universal nature. The primary literacy theme was the parts/ingredients metaphor (N = 8). Four dominant metaphors of literacy were identified: sequence of knowledge and skill, parts that come together as a whole, foundation of life, and journey. Twenty-three (or 44%) of the pre-service teachers wrote metaphors that related to content presented in the reading methods course. We ad...
Relative contributions of sublimation and volcanoes to Io's atmosphere inferred from its plasma interaction during solar eclipse

Abstract We present a model that describes Io's delayed electrodynamic response to a temporal change in Io's atmosphere. Our model incorporates the relevant physical processes involved in Io's atmosphere–ionosphere–magnetosphere electrodynamic interaction to predict the far-ultraviolet (FUV) radiation as Io enters Jupiter's shadow and re-emerges into sunlight. The predicted FUV brightnesses are highly nonlinear as the strength of the electrodynamic interaction depends on the ratios of ionospheric conductances to the torus Alfven conductance, but the former are functions of electrodynamics and the atmospheric density, which decays rapidly upon entering eclipse. Key factors governing the time evolution are the column density due to sublimation and the column density due to volcanoes, which maintain the background atmosphere during eclipse. The plasma interaction does not react instantaneously, but lags to a temporarily changing atmosphere. We find three qualitatively different scenarios with two of them including a post-eclipse brightening. The brightness ratio of in-sunlight/in-eclipse coupled with the existence of a sub-jovian equatorial spot constrains the volcanic column density to several times 10 18 m −2 , based on the currently available observations. Thus in sunlight, the sublimation driven part of Io's atmosphere dominates the volcanically driven contribution by roughly a factor of 10 or more.
EXPANDED COOPERATION BETWEEN COMMERCIAL BANKS AND FINANCE COMPANIES IN FINANCING CONSUMER CREDITS

A rather novel method for financing consumer instalment credit was developed in the years just prior to the recent war but its growth was stunted and the full implications somewhat hidden by the ensuing war-disruptions. Its pronounced reactivation since the termination of hostilities, however, suggests that its use is destined to become much more prevalent and its bearing upon the institutional structure of our financial system is likely to be much more definite than might at first have been recognized. The core of the whole plan is based upon the financing of those specialized credit institutions which have in the past served the small-scale financial needs of individual borrowers through either direct instalment cash loans or the financing of instalment sales. But in order to appreciate fully the change that is involved and the real meaning of such as it may bear upon future developments, an understanding of the traditional financial arrangements along with the details of this newer plan is required.
Determining Life Expectancy of Preventive Maintenance Fixes for Asphalt-Surfaced Pavements

A large performance data set from in-service pavements was used in conducting a reliability-based analysis to determine the life expectancy (performance) of several preventive maintenance (PM) fixes. The distress index (DI)—the main pavement performance indicator used by the Michigan Department of Transportation—was used in the analysis. Probability distributions of DI values were developed at successive years after the PM application for five fixes: nonstructural bituminous overlay, surface milling with a nonstructural bituminous overlay, single chip seal, multiple-course microsurfacing, and bituminous crack seal. Reliability tables were then developed to express the probability that a given PM treatment would reach the performance threshold after n years; these tables therefore provide the pavement life expectancy for a given PM treatment at various reliability levels. A highway agency can use these tables to select PM strategies on the basis of expected life extensions.
Using on-farm data to validate crop management recommendations and implementation

Although farmers are encouraged to collect field-specific crop management data to optimize on-farm decisions, farm-derived data are often discounted as a source of information for making broader management and environmental evaluations. This study was conducted to illustrate the use of on-farm data for validating management recommendations and implementation. Data collected by farmers and crop management consultants from 1997 to 2000 from 1119 central Pennsylvania fields were used to evaluate the impact of soil series, potentially available added N (PAAN), and rainfall on corn (Zea mays L.) yield, N required to produce a unit of grain, and PAAN in excess or deficit of crop requirement. Results showed that although observed yields generally followed the same relative ranking as the established soil series yield capabilities, they were consistently lower by 13 to 30%. Also, the amount of PAAN per kilogram of corn grain observed was relatively consistent with PAAN recommendations for the most productive soils and about 25% higher for the least productive soils. Actual PAAN was on average 28 kg ha -1 higher than PAAN recommended for observed yields. The higher actual PAAN could be due to the difference between observed yields and established yield capabilities used by farmers to determine PAAN recommendations. Because data also showed that rainfall had a significant effect on observed yields, the inability to predict rainfall was another major cause for the difference between actual and recommended PAAN. The analysis showed the database was useful for evaluating corn yields and N management and confirmed that N practices are generally consistent with recommendations.
Reestablishing the Commons for the Common Good

For individuals living in a small community, the notion of “common good” seems almost natural; it can be thought of simply as neighborly morality. However, in a complex modern society, it is far more challenging for individuals to define and agree upon what is the common good. Nonetheless, two contemporary roles would benefit from embracing a broader sense of the good: 1) membership in a profession; and 2) membership in a polity. Drawing on findings from the GoodWork Project, I describe how the common good can become a guiding value in the professional and civic realms; discuss threats to such guiding values; and suggest some ways to promote the common good in contemporary American society.
Synthesis of (2,3‐13C2) erucic acid

The synthesis of (2,3-13C2) erucic acid, for use in metabolic studies, is reported. The synthesis employs a repeated 3 step reaction sequence using 13C labeled triethylphosphonoacetate to extend C18:1, oleyl alcohol, by 4 carbons. The starting alcohol is first oxidized with PCC and the resulting aldehyde is condensed with triethyl(1-13C)phosphonoacetate. The product, an α,β unsaturated ester, is reduced with (Ph3PCuH)6 to ethyl eicosenoate. Reduction with LAH gives eicosenoyl alcohol. A repetition of the reaction sequence using triethyl(2-13C) phosphonoacetate results in ethyl(2,3-13C2)erucate. The (2,3-13C2) erucic acid, obtained by hydrolysis with alcoholic KOH, gave 13C NMR signals of δ 24.6 and 34.1 ppm for C-3 and C-2 respectively with a J=34.9 Hz. The overall yield was 5.5%.
ICECAP: an integrated, general-purpose, automation-assisted IC50/EC50 assay platform.

Background: IC50 and EC50 values are commonly used to evaluate drug potency. Mass spectrometry (MS)-centric bioanalytical and biomarker labs are now conducting IC50/EC50 assays, which, if done manu...
On power series and their partial sums

where ttr < n2 < nR < ... are arbitrarily fixed nonnegative integers, converges uniformly on some compact set F of the complex plane. What then may be said about the convergence of series (I ) ? The special case when S == Z (i.e., n, = k) and the compact set F consists of the single point zO, z0 # 0, is handled in the well-known theorem of Abel, which states that the convergence of series (1) at the point a,, implies the convergence of this series in the disc D(l z0 !) = (a: ( a 1 < ) a,, I}. The question mentioned above was studied in our previous paper [2] in the cast when lim sup(nktl ~2~) < 00 and in the case when the sequence {n3 has a minimal RG (Rate of Growth), i.e., when
Transfer of proteins from acrylamide gels to nitrocellulose paper after silver stain detection

A method is described for the silver staining of polyacrylamide gels and transfer to nitrocellulose sheets which couples the advantages of silver stain detection sensitivity with efficient transfer to nitrocellulose sheets. Using this procedure, a detection sensitivity of 10 ng was achieved while retaining a transfer efficiency for most proteins that is equivalent or better than methodology that does not permit prior visualization of protein. When coupled with the use of an acrylamide template, this procedure permits protein detection, simultaneous transfer of a large number of cored protein products from many one- or two-dimensional polyacrylamide gels to a single sheet of nitrocellulose, and retention of immunoreactivity. Prior detection, simultaneous transfer, and retention of immunoreactivity provide a substantial number of biochemical and technical advantages.
Effective two-nucleon interaction from an analysis of the 16O (t, p)18O reaction☆

Abstract Effective two-body matrix elements in the s-d shell are extracted from the 18 O wave function previously obtained. The matrix elements are tabulated and compared with results from shell model calculations.
James Mills Peirce and the cult of quaternions

Abstract Quaternions furnish an example of the rise and fall in popularity of a mathematical theory. Without attempting to trace its mathematical and sociological causes, this note highlights some moments in the history, of this phenomenon, as well as some of the scientists involved, especially the neglected mathematician, James Mills Peirce.
Bioequivalence of coenzyme Q10 from over-the-counter supplements

Abstract The objective of this study was to compare the relative bioavailability of two new products with solubilized and non-solubilized over-the-counter (OTC) coenzyme Q 10 products. Nine healthy adults were given single 180 mg doses of each coenzyme Q 10 formulation at two week intervals. A commercially-marketed, non-solubilized Q 10 powder formulation (product D) was only minimally absorbed, and was excluded from the analysis of data. ANOVA comparison of maximum plasma concentrations (C max ), time of maximum concentrations (t max ), areas under the concentration-time curves from times zero to 144 hours post dose (AUC 0-144h ), and areas under the concentration-time curves from times zero to infinity (AUC 0-∞ ) were not significantly different ( P > 0.05) between test products A (LiQ-10™) and B (Q-Nol™) and the reference product C (UbiQGel®). The upper limits of the 90% confidence intervals of the log-transformed ratios (A:C and B:C) of C max, AUC 0-144h, and AUC 0-∞ were >1.25 for both test products, but significant ( P 0-144h. The results of this study indicate that LiQ-10™ has increased bioequivalence compared to the reference product, but did not reach statistical significance. Q-Nol™ has increased bioavailability compared to the reference product ( P
Simultaneous Use of an Implanted Defibrillator and Ventricular Assist Device

A left ventricular assist device was placed as a bridge to cardiac transplantation in a 51-year-old man with cardiogenic shock. Placement of the left ventricular assist device occurred 5 years after implantation of an implantable cardioverter/defibrillator. The implantable cardioverter/defibrillator discharged appropriately during ventricular assist device support to terminate episodes of sustained ventricular tachycardia without causing malfunction of the ventricular assist device.
Visuomotor and Audiomotor Processing in Continuous Force Production of Oral and Manual Effectors

The authors examined force control in oral and manual effectors as a function of sensory feedback (i.e., visual and auditory). Participants produced constant isometric force via index finger flexion and lower lip elevation to 2 force levels (10% and 20% maximal voluntary contraction) and received either online visual or online auditory feedback. Mean, standard deviation, and coefficient of variation of force output were used to quantify the magnitude of force variability. Power spectral measures and approximate entropy of force output were calculated to quantify the structure of force variability. Overall, it was found that the oral effector conditions were more variable (e.g., coefficient of variation) than the manual effector conditions regardless of sensory feedback. No effector differences were found for the structure of force variability with visual or auditory feedback. Oral and manual force control appears to involve different control mechanisms regulating continuous force production in the presence of visual or auditory feedback.
An Overlap Analysis of Occupational Therapy Electronic Journals Available in Full-text Databases and Subscription Services

ABSTRACT In order to convert occupational therapy journal subscriptions from print to electronic, a university library, in collaboration with its Occupational Therapy Program, compared full-text databases and journal subscription services. This comparison was designed to identify the best combination of databases and individual subscriptions for the highest number of electronic titles and the best years of coverage.
Avoidance Responses to Alternative Alcohol Warning Labels

A preference-based measure of responses to warning labels was used to study alternative alcohol warning labels that differed in: (a) length, (b) presence of qualifier words, (c) alternative content, and (d) specific beverage. The specific risks mentioned were more important than the overall label length, qualifier words reduced avoidance responses, various alternative warnings elicited more avoidance responses than the existing alcohol warning label, and more avoidance responses were made to labels on a whiskey bottle than on a beer bottle. Warnings with the words "poison," "cancer," or "health problems" were the most powerful. The results for college students in Study 1 were replicated in a high-school sample in Study 2.
The Practice of Fee Setting and Collection: Implications for Clinical Training Programs

The purpose of this article is to explore the empirical research that focuses on the association between fees and therapy outcomes as well as on therapists’ responses to issues of money. In addition, the authors will discuss implications for training programs surrounding the issue of client fees and offer suggestions for ways training programs might address the issue.
Stimulus parameters and inertial load: effects on the incidence of protective stepping responses in healthy human subjects.

Abstract Objective: To test the hypotheses that the incidence of protective stepping in response to sudden translations of the support would (1) increase as a function of both the magnitude of surface displacement and velocity of platform movement, and (2) decrease in association with an increase in external loading applied to the body. Design: A log-linear approach was used to analyze the incidence of stepping by testing several models incorporating different platform stimulus parameters (direction, displacement, velocity) and external loading (0% and 20% body weight). Setting: Institutional-based research laboratory. Participants: Eight healthy younger adult (21 to 28 years) volunteers. Main Outcome Measures: The incidence and number of protective steps served as the primary planned outcome variables. Results: Steps occurred more frequently for anterior (83 steps) versus posterior (45 steps) translations. Step occurrence was generally proportional to platform velocity, and increased with displacements up to 15cm, but then plateaued. External loading was associated with a reduction in the number of steps for lower magnitudes of platform motion but had little effect at higher magnitudes. Conclusion: The tendency to step in response to externally applied disturbances to stance appears to be a complex function of direction, velocity, displacement, and inertial load.
Effect of beta adrenergic blockade on the hemodynamic responses to epinephrine in man

Abstract The effects of beta adrenergic receptor blockade by propranolol on the hemodynamic responses to isoproterenol and epinephrine were investigated in 10 supine normal volunteers. Intravenous propranolol (10 mg.) lowered heart rate, cardiac output and stroke volume, raised mean right atrial pressure and total peripheral resistance without affecting arterial pressure, and blocked almost completely the hemodynamic responses to 2 or 2.5 μg./min. of isoproterenol. An infusion of isoproterenol at 12.5 μg./min. partially overcame the beta blockade. During beta blockade most of the responses to an infusion of epinephrine at 5 μg./min. were reversed, with heart rate, cardiac output and stroke volume decreasing, and arterial and mean right atrial pressures and total peripheral resistance increasing. Before beta blockade the isometric period of left ventricular systole was shortened by isoproterenol and epinephrine. After beta blockade it was unaffected by isoproterenol but lengthened by epinephrine. The changes in control data produced by propranolol are consistent either with the blockade of pre-existing beta adrenergic activity or with a nonspecific direct, possibly depressant, action on the heart. The data demonstrate that beta adrenergic receptor blockade by propranolol may be used to unmask the potent alpha (vasoconstrictive) action of epinephrine in man.
Maintaining Diversity in Information Agencies: Accountability, Professionalism, Job Performance, Policies, and Standards

Apres avoir evoque la discrimination sur le lieu de travail, l'auteur presente des pratiques manageriales destinees a maintenir dans de bonnes conditions la diversite au sein du personnel des centres d'information.
The impact of feedback frequency on learning and task performance: Challenging the ‘‘more is better’’ assumption

Abstract Previous research on feedback frequency suggests that more frequent feedback improves learning and task performance ( Salmoni, Schmidt, & Walter, 1984 ). Drawing from resource allocation theory ( Kanfer & Ackerman, 1989 ), we challenge the “more is better” assumption and propose that frequent feedback can overwhelm an individual’s cognitive resource capacity, thus reducing task effort and producing an inverted-U relationship with learning and performance over time. We then propose that positive and negative affective states will moderate the inverted-U relationship between feedback frequency and task performance. We test these propositions in an experimental study where the frequency of task feedback is manipulated. Results show that feedback frequency exhibits an inverted-U relationship with task performance, and this relationship is mediated by task effort. This curvilinear relationship is then moderated by individual’s positive affective state.
A proof of a general maximum principle for optimal controls via a multiplier rule on metric space

A unified proof is given of the maximum principle for optimal control with various kinds of constraints by using a multiplier rule on metric spaces.
Indices of energy consumption: An exploratory analysis of a utility's monthly billing data☆

Abstract Simple weather-sensitive models are derived and applied to monthly energy billing data for a large utility region in New Jersey. Natural gas demand in the residential sector is explored in depth, and the method is applied to other gas and electricity sectors. The results are related to an earlier empirical study of single-family residences. Our findings and hypotheses fall into two classes, those which are specific to the utility's customers and those which pertain to utility data in general. As for the specific utility's residential gas customers, the findings suggest that they reduced their use of gas during the oil embargo of 1973–1974 and the New Jersey natural gas shortage of 1976–1977, and, most likely, the consumption reduction was due to lowered thermostats and reduced use of appliances rather than to retrofitting of dwellings. The more general findings are that utility data can be very valuable for monitoring changes in consumption patterns, and that there is a potential for extracting consumption indices from the data; these indices would not only signal whether consumption patterns are changing but also why. The first of our conclusions needs to be examined for other sample data sets and other regions. The second, our most important hypothesis, merits systematic investigation.
OPTIMIZATION OF BUBBLE-COLUMN SLURRY REACTORS VIA NATURAL DELAYED-FEED ADDITION

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to present a simple optimization procedure for maximizing the productivity of bubble-column slurry reactors for reactions with maximal-rate kinetics. The reactor performance is simulated using a two-phase cell model. The notion of natural delayed-feed addition of the gaseous reactant to the slurry is introduced and exploited in a dynamic-programming formulation. This approach allows us to dramatically reduce the problem size and thus to analytically solve for the criteria of the optimal policy of the reactor. Since the gaseous feed is added to the slurry phase along the length of the column and its rate of addition is controllable, near optimum operation can be achieved. The validity of the approach is demonstrated for phenyl acetylene hydrogenation to styrene.
A Microfluidic Model of Cardiovascular Bubble Lodging

Embolotherapy involves the occlusion of blood flow to tumors to treat a variety of cancers, including renal carcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma. The accompanying liver cirrhosis makes the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma by traditional methods difficult. Previous attempts at embolotherapy have used solid emboli. A major difficulty in embolotherapy is restricting delivery of the emboli to the tumor. We are developing a novel minimally invasive gas embolotherapy technique that uses gas bubbles rather than solid emboli. The bubbles originate as encapsulated liquid droplets that are small enough to pass through capillaries. The droplets can be selectively vaporized in vivo by focused high intensity ultrasound to form gas bubbles which are then sufficiently large to lodge in the tumor vasculature. We investigated the dynamics of bubble lodging in microfluidic model bifurcations made of poly(dimethylsiloxane) and in theoretical analyses. The results show that the critical driving pressure below which a bubble will lodge in a bifurcation is significantly less than the driving pressure required to dislodge it. Based these results, we estimate that gas bubbles from embolotherapy can lodge in vessels 20 μm or smaller in diameter, and conclude that bubbles may potentially be used to reduce blood flow to tumor microcirculation.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Public Meetings and Risk Amplification: A Longitudinal Study

This article offers longitudinal data tracking people who did and did not attend a series of public meetings in an upstate New York rural community grappling with the expansion of an existing solid waste landfill and remediation of an adjacent inactive hazardous waste site. Before and after the public meetings, mailed questionnaires measured risk perceptions and perceived credibility of risk managers (here, the state government agencies and the responsible industry) conducting the meetings. Respondents at each measurement point included meeting attendees and nonattendees, with some fluctuation over time when attendees at one measurement point were nonattendees at the next and vice versa. The results from the first survey indicate that following the first two public meetings, attendees perceived greater risks from the waste sites than did nonattendees; attendees also perceived the risk managers as less credible. After the third public meeting, the results showed that attendees' risk perceptions remained steady; however, perceptions of government agency credibility significantly decreased. After the fourth public meeting, the survey found that attendees' risk perceptions were again not significantly different, whereas perceptions of government agency credibility increased significantly. The industry's credibility also increased, though only among attendees who had attended the most recent public meeting, not among attendees who had attended both the third and fourth public meetings. For nonattendees, risk perceptions and credibility ratings did not change. The discussion examines how distinctive characteristics of communication at each public meeting may have resulted in different effects and proposes hypotheses for future research.
Magnitude of the frustration effect and number of training trials

Groups of 14 rats were given either 12, 36, or 60 continuously reinforced trials in a double-alley situation and then shifted to a 50% partial reinforcement schedule in the first goal box for 30 test trials to determine the effect of number of reinforced trials on the magnitude of the frustration effect (FE). Results indicated a significant FE in all three groups, with the FE in the 60-trial group larger than in the 36- or 12-trial groups, and no difference in the size of the FE for the latter two groups.
Electrogravitational conversion cross sections in static electromagnetic fields

We use Feynman perturbation techniques to analyze a classical process: the conversion of gravitational waves into electromagnetic waves (and vice versa) under the "catalytic" action of a static electromagnetic background field. Closed-form differential cross sections are presented for conversion in the Coulomb field of a point charge, electric and magnetic dipole fields, and uniform electrostatic and magnetostatic fields. Using the model calculation of conversion in a Coulomb field, we discuss the problems we must face when calculating non-gauge-invariant quantities, as is frequently done in literature. The cross sections are extremely small, but may lead to observable effects if allowed to act on astrophysical distance and time scales. The calculations also provide additional insight into the physics of electromagnetic detectors of gravitational waves.
Phosphorylation of ribosomal protein in soybean

Abstract Transfer during log phase of a cytokinin-requiring strain of soybean cells to a medium lacking cytokinin brought about a decline in polyribosome content over a 24-hr period. This was correlated with a 3-fold increase in the incorporation of 32 P into ribosomal protein. Polyribosome gradients prepared from 32 P-labeled cells were fractionated, the RNA hydrolyzed, and the distribution of labeled protein determined. Both the monosome and the polyribosome regions of the gradients contained more 32 P-labeled protein in the cytokinin-deprived cells. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of ribosomal proteins from cytokinin-deprived and cytokinin-treated cells did not reveal any consistent qualitative differences. However, 5 distinct peaks of 32 P incorporation were found after separation of the ribosomal proteins from labeled cells on polyacrylamide gels, and 3 of these peaks exhibited more than 2-fold enhancement of incorporation into the proteins extracted from the ribosomes of cytokinin-deprived cells.