cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the Performance of Micro-Encapsulated CO2 Sorbents during CO2 Absorption and Regeneration Cycling.

We encapsulated six solvents with novel physical and chemical properties for CO2 sorption within gas-permeable polymer shells, creating Micro-Encapsulated CO2 Sorbents (MECS), to improve the CO2 absorption kinetics and handling of the solvents for postcombustion CO2 capture from flue gas. The solvents were sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) solution, uncatalyzed and with two different promoters, two ionic liquid (IL) solvents, and one CO2-binding organic liquid (CO2BOL). We subjected each of the six MECS to multiple CO2 absorption and regeneration cycles and measured the working CO2 absorption capacity as a function of time to identify promising candidate MECS for large-scale carbon capture. We discovered that the uncatalyzed Na2CO3 and Na2CO3-sarcosine MECS had lower CO2 absorption rates relative to Na2CO3-cyclen MECS over 30 min of absorption, while the CO2BOL Koechanol appeared to permeate through the capsule shell and is thus unsuitable. We rigorously tested the most promising three MECS (Na2CO3-cyclen, IL NDI...
Get in the Game: Promoting Justice Through a Digitized Literature Study

This article describes a recent implementation of digital literacies in which high school literature students engaged in literary analysis of a novel using the video game Minecraft. Students who ha...
Exit Strategies in Interorganizational Collaboration: Setting the Stage for Re-Entry:

Researchers have studied organizational exit primarily as a terminal process in which people engage in communication to manage and make sense of permanent closures of their relationships and member...
The Guts of the Matter: A Global History of Human Waste and Infectious Intestinal Disease

The Guts of the Matter is a study of our oldest ecological problem: the transmission of infectious intestinal disease from human waste. Spanning the early hominin era to the present, this book explores the evolution of human waste disposal practices, the use of faeces and urine as fertilizer, and the changing patterns of transmission of intestinal pathogens and parasites. Chapters trace the spread of viral, bacterial, and helminthic infections through the early processes of globalization and track the uneven successes of the sanitation revolution in recent centuries. The book also provides an overview of the cultural practices that influence the transmission of infectious intestinal disease and the impacts of biomedical advances such as oral rehydration therapy and vaccination. Webb's impressive breadth and meticulous research is invaluable for students of public health, environmental history, global history, and medicine.
Optimal Compression of a Polyline While Aligning to Preferred Directions

Simplification of polylines is used in many practical applications. However, in some applications, there is an expectation of having straight segments or even the ends of circular arcs of the resultant polyline being aligned to some preferred directions. For example, building footprints are usually aligned to the direction of streets and have orthogonal shapes. This paper extends the compression algorithms [1] to support a user-defined set of preferred directions. This paper also looks into using a graphics processing unit framework to improve the performance of the algorithm.
Evaluating artificial shelter arrays as a minimally invasive monitoring tool for the hellbender Cryptobranchus alleganiensis

Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Fralin Life Science Institute; George Washington and Jefferson National Forest
Clustered cell migration: Modeling the model system of Drosophila border cells.

Abstract In diverse developmental contexts, certain cells must migrate to fulfill their roles. Many questions remain unanswered about the genetic and physical properties that govern cell migration. While the simplest case of a single cell moving alone has been well-studied, additional complexities arise in considering how cohorts of cells move together. Significant differences exist between models of collectively migrating cells. We explore the experimental model of migratory border cell clusters in Drosophila melanogaster egg chambers, which are amenable to direct observation and precise genetic manipulations. This system involves two special characteristics that are worthy of attention: border cell clusters contain a limited number of both migratory and non-migratory cells that require coordination, and they navigate through a heterogeneous three-dimensional microenvironment. First, we review how clusters of motile border cells are specified and guided in their migration by chemical signals and the physical impact of adjacent tissue interactions. In the second part, we examine questions around the 3D structure of the motile cluster and surrounding microenvironment in understanding the limits to cluster size and speed of movement through the egg chamber. Mathematical models have identified sufficient gene regulatory networks for specification, the key forces that capture emergent behaviors observed in vivo, the minimal regulatory topologies for signaling, and the distribution of key signaling cues that direct cell behaviors. This interdisciplinary approach to studying border cells is likely to reveal governing principles that apply to different types of cell migration events.
The Ebola virus glycoprotein and its immune responses across multiple vaccine platforms.

Introduction: For over 40 years, ebolaviruses have been responsible for sporadic outbreaks of severe and often fatal hemorrhagic fever in humans and nonhuman primates across western and central Afr...
THE EFFECT OF AGE AND CONCOMITANT SURGERY ON STRENGTH IN ADOLESCENT ATHLETES WITH PRIMARY QUADRICEPS TENDON ACL RECONSTRUCTION

Background:Knee extensor strength deficits occur after ACL reconstruction (ACLR). Prior studies have reported that age affects quadriceps strength after ACLR, however strength deficits in relation ...
Investigation on neonatal nurses in the military hospitals

Objective To investigate the capabilities of neonatal nurses in the military hospitals,so as to provide a reference for training neonatal specialized nurses.Methods Totals of 217 neonatal nurses were investigated with" neonatal wards and/or NICU nurses status questionnaire in military hospital in 2013" designed by Nursing Council affiliated to Military Pediatrics Association.Results The mean score of the dimensions of basic skills was (1.98 ± 0.01),while specialized skills was (1.52 ± 0.07),arranged in ascending order as follows:nursing of ECMO,CRRT,peritoneal dialysis,reflux enema,Invasive parameters monitoring,NO inhalation,stoma care,PICC placement and maintenance,Invasive mechanical ventilation,TPN preparation.Conclusions The basic skills of neonatal nurses is at the upper-middle level,but specialized skills of neonatal nurses should be improved.It is necessary to establish a training centre for systematic specialized neonatal nurse training as soon as possible,in order to improve neonatal nurses' overall core capabilities in the military hospitals. Key words: Neonatal; Nurses; Skills; Research
Luxury Marketing Strategies Based on Cultural Intelligence

Cultural intelligence is what has fueled the most iconic brands of the modern times (twentieth century to the present) in generating designs that remain powerfully iconic and timeless. A designer, or team of designers, must be at work receiving inputs from the culture around them and transforming those into a specific creative language that is distinct and can exist uniquely within a specific luxury fashion house. This is what renders true luxury specific and profitable.
Resection of a Longitudinal Vaginal Septum in a Patient with Uterus Didelphys

Study Objective To demonstrate surgical excision of a longitudinal vaginal septum. To review the preoperative evaluation and postoperative care of patients undergoing resection of longitudinal vaginal septum. Design Description and demonstration of surgical technique. Setting While longitudinal vaginal septa are a relatively rare anatomic variant it is nevertheless important that gynecologic surgeons are well-versed in their evaluation and management. Patients or Participants Patient with known longitudinal vaginal septum and uterus didelphys. Interventions Resection of longitudinal vaginal septum. Measurements and Main Results Complete resection of septum and repair of vaginal epithelial defect. Conclusion Complete resection of a longitudinal vaginal septum is a relatively safe and straightforward procedure that is well within the scope of the generalist gynecologic surgeon. Resection of the septum provides substantial symptomatic relief for patients with this unique anatomic variant.
Does city or state make a difference? The effects of policy framing on public attitude toward a solar energy program

Replacing fossil fuel with solar photovoltaic (PV) technology is critical to the transition to renewable energy and thus a key feature of the contentious and often confusing policy debates surrounding climate change. Governments can frame such environmental issues in various ways, but consensus is lacking on whether economic or environmental benefits most effectively encourage pro-environmental attitudes and behaviors, such as supporting PV technology. In this study, we introduce a moderator—psychological distance between citizens and policy outcomes—to elaborate this relation. Based on the federalism literature, we suggest that different levels of government, as the policy implementers, represent a sense of distance. The construal level theory (CLT) is adopted, and we hypothesize that the congruency between psychological distance and the construal level of policy outcomes will increase policy support and willingness to pay for solar PV installation. The results of survey experiments on Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) offer partial support for our theoretical expectations and add new insights. Practical and theoretical implications are discussed.
Temporal dynamics of the alignment of the turbulent stress and strain rate

Energy transfer between scales in the turbulent cascade requires geometric alignment between scale-dependent turbulent stresses and strain rates. However, each of these tensors evolves dynamically and differently, leading to nontrivial temporal behavior of this alignment. A numerical simulation of turbulence is used to study this process and, by formulating the energy flux in a fully Lagrangian way, the important role played by deformation in the energy cascade is highlighted.
Burdens of Proof

This chapter provides a brief introduction to the scholarly conversation concerning burdens of persuasion. An adequate account of burdens must first explain what case-related facts the burden draws upon to produce outcomes. I review a variety of answers to this question, including probability threshold, likelihood ratio, belief function, weight-of-evidence, explanatory, and story-based approaches. I then identify several key questions that theories must answer with respect to inputs and show that the best answer on any given question must depend on whether the theory is advanced as a psychological, doctrinal, or normative account. The remainder of the chapter considers varying methods of transforming these inputs into case outcomes, including fixed thresholds, variable thresholds, multi-stepped, and continuous approaches. With respect to these choices, the problem of describing current practices is much easier, but the normative debates are harder to resolve.
Modeling the effects of coordinated multi-beam additive manufacturing

In additive manufacturing (AM), it is necessary to know the influence of processing parameters in order to have better control over the microstructure and mechanical performance of the part. Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) AM is beneficial for many reasons; however, it is limited by the thermal solidification conditions achievable in the available processing parameter ranges for single-beam processing methods. Therefore, this work investigates the effect of multiple, coordinated heat sources, which are used to strategically modify the melting and solidifying in the AM process. To model this, existing thermal models of the LPBF process have been modified to include the effects of multiple, coordinated laser beams. These computational models are used to calculate melt pool dimensions and thermal conditions (thermal gradient and cooling rate). Furthermore, the results of the simulations are used to determine the influence of the distance between the coordinated laser beams in different configurations. The multi-beam scanning strategies modeled in the present study are shown to alter both melt pool shape and size, and the thermal conditions at the onset of solidification. However, these variations are not shown to result in alterations in the grain morphology of Ti-6Al-4V components. This predictive method used in this research provides insight into the effects of using multiple coordinated beams in LPBF, which is a necessary step in increasing the capabilities of the AM process.
Matters of Life and Love: Some Preliminary Mappings of Womanist Pedagogical Futures

This article takes as its starting point the mattering of Black women’s lives and builds upon connections between cultural representations of Black women and their social devaluation. The goal of t...
A Comparison of 3-, 5-, 7- and 10-day Post-metaphylaxis Evaluation Periods on Health and Performance Following On-arrival Treatment with Tilmicosin in Feeder Cattle:

Two 60-day studies were conducted comparing various post-metaphylaxis evaluation periods (PMEPs) following administration of tilmicosin to beef feeder cattle at arrival-processing. Calves in Study I were randomly assigned to a control group (no metaphylaxis) or administered tilmicosin at label dose (4.55 mg/lb; 10 mg/kg BW) and assigned to a 3-, 5- or 7-day PMEP (n=160 calves per treatment). Morbidity due to bovine respiratory disease (BRD) was reduced (P <0.01) in calves treated metaphylactically with tilmicosin compared to controls (9.6 vs 33.8%, respectively). Average daily gain (ADG) was improved ( P <0.05) in all three PMEP groups compared to gain of calves in the control group. Calves in Study II were randomly assigned to a control group (no metaphylaxis) or administered tilmicosin at label dose and assigned to one of four PMEP (3-, 5-, 7- or 10-days) groups (n=140 per treatment). Morbidity caused by BRD was reduced ( P <0.05) in all tilmicosin metaphylaxis groups compared to controls (55.7, 56.4, 52.1, 39.3 and 69.3% for the 3-, 5-, 7- and 10-day PMEP groups and controls, respectively). The morbidity rate due to BRD was lower ( P <0.01) in the 10-day PMEP group compared to other PMEP groups, however, mortality in this group was numerically higher than the other PMEP groups. There was no difference in ADG among treatments. Calves diagnosed with clinical BRD following the PMEP and control calves showing signs of BRD were treated with tulathromycin (1.14 mg/lb; 2.5 mg/kg BW) in both studies. Treatment success was similar across all treatments in each study, but was numerically higher in Study I (88.0%) compared to Study II (66.8%).
Physical and chemical mechanisms that influence the electrical conductivity of lignin-derived biochar

Abstract Lignin-derived biochar is a promising, sustainable alternative to petroleum-based carbon powders (e.g., carbon black) for polymer composite and energy storage applications. Prior studies of these biochars demonstrate that high electrical conductivity and good capacitive behavior are achievable. However, these studies also show high variability in electrical conductivity between biochars ( ∼ 10 − 2 – 10 2 S/cm). The underlying mechanisms that lead to desirable electrical properties in these lignin-derived biochars are poorly understood. In this work, we examine the causes of the variation in conductivity of lignin-derived biochar to optimize the electrical conductivity of lignin-derived biochars. To this end, we produced biochar from three different lignins, a whole biomass source (wheat stem), and cellulose at two pyrolysis temperatures (900 °C, 1100 °C). These biochars have a similar range of conductivities (0.002 to 18.51 S/cm) to what has been reported in the literature. Results from examining the relationship between chemical and physical biochar properties and electrical conductivity indicate that decreases in oxygen content and changes in particle size are associated with increases in electrical conductivity. Importantly, high variation in electrical conductivity is seen between biochars produced from lignins isolated with similar processes, demonstrating the importance of the lignin’s properties on biochar electrical conductivity. These findings indicate how lignin composition and processing may be further selected and optimized to target specific applications of lignin-derived biochars.
Cimientos de la Regulación [Foundations of Regulation]

Abstract in English: There are several definitions of regulation. It mostly considers the intervention of state authorities or agencies in the activities of private companies. However, Baldwin, Cave and Lodge suggest taking into account three elements that define the regulatory process. The existence of a regulatory body that seeks to solve and prevent problems in a specific activity or sector. The implementation of different intervention mechanisms, not just rules, tend to influence the organization and behavior of the actors in a group. The adoption of other forms of economic and social influence, not generated exclusively by the State, and that open the spectrum of regulation to multiple private actors, including professional associations, self-regulation mechanisms. In this scenario, there are several questions that frame the process of determining what is regulation, why and what is it regulated for. It is common to debate how to identify the success or failure of regulation. The discussion, in turn, feeds on all kinds of criticism. Starting with the direct costs of State intervention and the indirect costs related to compliance. In this writing we study various foundational and cross-cutting concepts of the regulatory process. Abstract in Spanish: Son varias las definiciones de regulacion que se han propuesto y mayoritariamente consideran la intervencion de autoridades en las actividades de los privados. Sin embargo, Baldwin, Cave y Lodge sugieren tener en cuenta tres elementos que definen el proceso regulatorio. La existencia de un cuerpo normativo que busca solucionar y prevenir problemas en una actividad o sector especificos. La implementacion de diferentes mecanismos de intervencion, no solo normas, tendientes a influir la organizacion y comportamiento de los actores de un grupo. La adopcion de otras formas de influencia economica y social, no generadas exclusivamente por el Estado, y que abren el espectro de la regulacion a multiples actores privados, incluyendo agremiaciones profesionales, mecanismos de autorregulacion. En este escenario, son varios los cuestionamientos que enmarcan el proceso de determinacion de que es regulacion, porque y para que se regula. Es usual debatir como identificar el exito o fracaso de la regulacion. La discusion, a su vez, se alimenta de toda clase de criticas. Empezando por los costos directos de la intervencion del Estado y los costos indirectos relacionados con el cumplimiento. En este escrito estudiamos diversos conceptos fundacionales y transversales del proceso regulatorio.
The Stanford Tabletop Scanning X-Ray Microscope

The recent success of X-ray microscopy has brought the field to the point where biologists are beginning to use X-ray microscopes as a valuable tool. However, these present microscopes require large scale facilities such as synchrotrons or large laser systems where, for the biologist, there is often a lack of accessibility, control, and ease of use. A complete X-ray microscope on the size scale of an electron microscope could have significant appeal to the biological research community.
Inventing the Enemy: Denunciation and Terror in Stalin's Russia

Introduction 1. The terror: a short political primer 2. Comrades and coworkers 3. Family secrets 4. Love, loyalty, and betrayal 5. The final paroxysm Conclusion.
A new thermo-expandable shape-memory nickel-titanium alloy stent for the management of ureteric strictures

Objective To assess the ease on insertion, patient tolerance, undesirable side-effects, degree of encrustation and duration of upper tract decompression with a new thermo-expandable shape memory alloy ureteric stent. Patients and methods From November 1996 to October 1998, 15 patients with ureteric strictures were treated with a new nickel-titanium shape-memory alloy stent, the Memokath 051 (Engineers & Doctors A/S, Hornbaek, Denmark). A total of 22 insertions were carried out. Ureteric obstruction was caused by recurrent colorectal carcinoma in four patients; two patients each with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder, iatrogenic injury or ischaemia at the uretero-ileal anastomosis; and one patient each with metastatic lymph nodes from prostatic carcinoma, radiation-induced fibrosis, pelvi-ureteric junction obstruction, metastatic carcinoma of the vagina and extra-luminal endometriosis. The stent has a shaft diameter of 9 F and its proximal end expands to 17 F. The first three patients were treated with the original version, which expanded to 14 F. The unexpanded stent is inserted into the ureter after initial dilatation of the stricture to 12 F. The stent is expanded by injection with sterile water preheated to 50 °C. The procedures were carried out under a general anaesthetic and patients were allowed home the next day. The follow-up protocol included initial intravenous urography (IVU) at 6 weeks, with assessment of a mid-stream urine sample and renal function tests. These were repeated at 3-monthly intervals. Isotopic renography was performed when indicated. Results The mean (range) follow-up was 10.6 (2–21) months; there was complete relief of upper tract obstruction in all patients. No stent-related symptoms, e.g. pain, sepsis, haematuria or frequency, were noted and no encrustation has occurred so far. The stent migrated in the first three patients with the original smaller diameter of stent but decompression of the upper tracts was maintained. None of the modified wider stents have migrated. The return of peristalsis in the proximal ureter was detected during IVU. There was no apparent endothelial growth through the stent material and no re-admissions for stent-related complications. Conclusion Early experience with this new stent is very encouraging. All patients have maintained satisfactory decompression of their upper tracts with no need for repeated hospitalization for stent changes. There have been no untoward side-effects so far. This stent appears to have a valuable place in the long-term management of ureteric strictures; it is probably most suited for malignant ureteric obstruction. It should be considered in the management of selected benign strictures that require long-term JJ stenting.
Fundamentals of MRAM Technology

Developments in portable communication and computing systems are creating a growing demand for nonvolatile random access memory that is dense and fast. None of the existing solid-state memories can provide all the needed attributes in a single memory solution. Therefore, to achieve the required multiple functionality requirements, a number of different memories are being used while compromising performance and adding cost to the system. Magnetoresistive Random Access Memory (MRAM) has the potential to replace these memories in various systems with a single, universal memory solution. Key attributes of MRAM technology are nonvolatility and unlimited read and write endurance. In addition, MRAM can operate at high-speed and is expected to have competitive densities. In this paper we describe several fundamental technical and scientific aspects of MRAM with emphasis on recent accomplishments that enabled our successful demonstration of a 256 kbit memory chip.
Glivenko Type Theorems for Intuitionistic Modal Logics

In this article we deal with Glivenko type theorems for intuitionistic modal logics over Prior's MIPC. We examine the problems which appear in proving Glivenko type theorems when passing from the intuitionistic propositional logic Intto MIPC. As a result we obtain two different versions of Glivenko's theorem for logics over MIPC. Since MIPCcan be thought of as a one-variable fragment of the intuitionistic predicate logic Q-Int, one of the versions of Glivenko's theorem for logics over MIPCis closely related to that for intermediate predicate logics obtained by Umezawa [27] and Gabbay [15]. Another one is rather surprising.
Cloud Structure and Entrainment in Marine Atmospheric Boundary Layers

Abstract : Our long term goals are to understand the dynamics of atmospheric motions on scales of order 10 m-10 km in sufficient detail to be able to provide a consistent subgrid scale model that will represent the influence of turbulent transport across a range of scales.
STRESSFUL EXPERIENCES OF MASCULINITY AMONG YOUNG U.S.-BORN AND IMMIGRANT LATINO AMERICAN MEN

Explaining how stereotypes and norms influence role-identities during reflected appraisal processes, we developed a theory broadly applicable to diverse groups of minority men— Minority Masculinity Stress Theory —and apply it to Latino American men. Based on a sample of 62 Latino American men, we analyzed elicited text from an open-ended questionnaire to explain three experiences of masculinity-related stress: performing toughness, engaging romantically/ sexually , and enacting el hombre . We found Latino American men emphasize duty beyond typical standards of hegemonic masculinity and base their masculinity on rejecting gendered expectations that they be tough and sexually objectify women. However, Latino American men’s role-identities contradict hegemonic masculinity and racial stereotypes resulting in reflected appraisals that refute potentially positive self-concepts and predispose them towards stress.
PROFILE: Management of Sedimentation in Tropical Watersheds.

The sedimentation of reservoirs is a serious problem throughout the tropics, yet most attempts to control sedimentation in large river basins have not been very suc- cessful. Reliable information on erosion rates and sources of sediments has been lacking. In regions where geologically unstable terrain combines with high rainfall, natural erosion rates might be so high that the effects of human activity are limited. Estimates of natural erosion in these situations often have been poor because of the episodic nature of most ero- sion during large storms and because mass-wasting may supply much of the sediment. The predominance of mass- wasting in some watersheds can result in an unexpectedly high ratio of bedload to suspended load, shifting sedimenta- tion to ''live'' rather than ''dead'' storage within reservoirs. Furthermore, the inappropriate use of the Universal Soil Loss Equation to assess the effectiveness of erosion control mea-
The impact of contingency management on quality of life among cocaine abusers with and without alcohol dependence.

The use of quality of life (QOL) measures in substance abuse treatment research is important because it may lead to a broader understanding of patients’ health status and effects of interventions. Despite the high rates of comorbid cocaine and alcohol use disorders, little is known about the QOL of this population, and even less about the impact of an efficacious behavioral treatment, contingency management (CM), on QOL. In this study, data from three clinical trials were retrospectively analyzed to examine QOL in outpatient cocaine abusers with and without alcohol dependence (AD) and the impact of CM on QOL over time as a function of AD status. Patients were randomized to standard care (n = 115) or standard care plus CM (n = 278) for 12 weeks. QOL was assessed at baseline and Months 1, 3, 6, and 9. At treatment initiation, AD patients had lower QOL total scores and they scored lower on several subscale scores than those without AD. CM treatment was associated with improvement in QOL regardless of AD status. These data suggest that CM produces benefits that go beyond substance abuse outcomes, and they support the use of QOL indexes to capture information related to treatment outcomes. (Am J Addict 2011;21:47–54)
Mammary souffle of pregnancy: report of two cases simulating patent ductus arteriosus.

Little attention has been paid to the continuous parasternal murmur that may occur during pregnancy and that disappears after lactation. We have encountered 2 cases of this phenomenon. The murmur probably arises from arteries supplying the breast. The mechanism of its production has not been established, but it may depend on some permanent anatomic anomaly. This benign murmur has special characters by which it may be readily distinguished from significant continuous murmurs.
Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of 4 Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors in Healthy Adult Horses

Background Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are used in horses with cardiovascular disorders despite the paucity of available data regarding their efficacy. Hypothesis The degree of serum ACE inhibition varies considerably between drugs. Animals Eight healthy adult horses. Methods Randomized prospective study. Horses were fasted overnight prior to receiving one of 4 ACE inhibitors intragastrically, administered at one of 2 dosages, using a randomized Latin square design (benazepril: 0.5 and 0.25 mg/kg; ramipril: 0.3 and 0.1 mg/kg; quinapril: 0.25 and 0.125 mg/kg; perindopril: 0.1 and 0.05 mg/kg). Serum ACE activity was measured using a kinetic spectrophotometric method. Results There was a significant effect of drug and dosage on maximum ACE inhibition (Imax), ACE inhibition 24 hours after administration (I24h), and area under the curve (AUC0–48h). Benazepril at 0.5 mg/kg resulted in significantly higher Imax (86.9 ± 7.0%) and I24h (60.3 ± 7.9%) compared to the other drugs. There was a significant decrease in indirect blood pressure (BP) over time after administration of each drug, but differences in BP were not significantly different between drugs. Pharmacodynamic variables measured after administration of benazepril to horses with free access to hay were not significantly different from those obtained after fasting. Administration of benazepril orally once daily for 7 days did not result in a cumulative effect on ACE inhibition. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Of the ACE inhibitors tested, oral benazepril (0.5 mg/kg) is the most effective at inhibiting serum ACE activity in healthy horses.
Inhibin B among Cryptorchid Infants and Boys: A Predictor of Seminiferous Tubule Function At Risk

Inhibin B among Cryptorchid Infants and Boys: A Predictor of Seminiferous Tubule Function At Risk
Optimum leakage dynamic array design

In recent microprocessor designs Register File (RF) and Read Only Memory (ROM) arrays comprise over 50% of the total core area. These arrays account for a significant portion of the total leakage power. We propose two novel design techniques: Tri-state Domino Circuit (TDC) and Selective Pre-Charge (SPC). We combine these techniques to maximize leakage savings without affecting downstream logic by using a new noise robust state preserving Set Dominant Latch (SDL). Our simulation results, in 32nm CMOS technology, demonstrate that we are able to reduce the read path leakage power for a 256 entry 1 rlw RF by 81%.
Elastic-viscoplastic finite-element program for modeling tire/soil interaction

The viscoplastic finite-element program for modeling tire/soil interaction is shown to be a powerful analytical tool that has a significant promise for improving the Air Force ability to predict aircraft ground operation. A brief review of the mathematical theory of viscoplasticity and the computational procedure used in the finiteelement program is first presented. Next, some of the capabilities of this powerful analytical tool are demonstrated. The first example considered is that of the effect of tire pressure on sinkage and rut depth produced on constant strength clay and sand soils. Then, the effect of layered soil on sinkage and rut depth is examined, considering the possibility of soft over hard as well as of hard over soft layers. This latest case is further studied investigating the effect of the variation of the top thickness layer on sinkage. In conclusion, tables are presented that provide an equivalent cone index for a two-layered clay soil of different strengths and thicknesses. To demonstrate the capability of the program to model contingency surfaces, the behavior of standard flexible and rigid pavements under a medium tire pressure were considered.
28. The effects of the spaceflight environment on stress pathways

In previous experiments, we have shown that spaceflight can alter leukocyte and lymphocyte population distributions and mitogen-induced cytokine expression. We hypothesize that these changes are a result of flight-induced physiological and psychological stress. On July 8, 2011, age- and weight-matched, female C57BL/6J mice were placed into Animal Enclosure Modules (AEMs) and flown on the Space Shuttle Atlantis (STS-135) for 13 days ( N = 6–7). Ground controls were housed at the Space Life Science Laboratory (SLSL) at Kennedy Space Center (KSC). Ground AEM control mice were placed into the same hardware used in flight and environmental parameters such as temperature and CO2 levels were matched as closely as possible based on 48 h delayed telemetry data ( N = 12–13). Vivarium control mice were housed in regular shoebox cages ( N = 4). Mice were euthanized and dissected within 3–5 h of landing. Adrenals were removed, snap frozen in liquid N2, and shipped on ice back to Loma Linda University via overnight courier for analysis. Although corticosterone levels were slightly elevated in spaceflight mice, with a corresponding decrease in phosphorylated adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) levels, these changes were not enough to reach significance. Similarly, there were no significant changes in catecholamine levels. This suggests that there is no significant impact of spaceflight on stress pathways. However, closer examination of the data indicates that the circadian rhythm may have masked the overall effect of spaceflight.
When language comprehension reflects production constraints: Resolving ambiguities with the help of past experience

A key assumption in language comprehension is that biases in behavioral data, such as the tendency to interpretJohn said that Mary left yesterday to mean thatyesterday modifies the syntactically local verb left, not the distant verbsaid, reflect inherent biases in the language comprehension system. In the present article, an alternative production-distribution-comprehension (PDC) account is pursued; this account states that comprehension biases emerge from different interpretation frequencies in the language, which themselves emerge from pressures on the language production system to produce some structures more than others. In two corpus analyses and two self-paced reading experiments, we investigated these claims for verb modification ambiguities, for which phrase length is hypothesized to shape production. The results support claims that tendencies to produce short phrases before long ones create distributional regularities for modification ambiguities in the language and that learning over these regularities shapes comprehenders’ interpretations of modification ambiguities. Implications for the PDC and other accounts are discussed.
Predictive Semantic Social Media Analysis

Social networks today represent a substantial amount of shared knowledge and information. To leverage the interdependence of this data, we consider two forms of relational learning to facilitate semantic understanding. First, relational modeling is applied to local networks to reinforce knowledge in each entity. Then, a social dimension approach is applied to generate new (high level) features. These feature sets are then trained towards the identification of learned purchase behaviors (belief system / values) thus supporting a means of prediction. We consider this generation of higher level classifications (termed as social dimensions) to enable increased accuracy in behavior prediction in order to support more focused customer relationships.
Modulation of receptor mediated leukotriene release in the perfused heart.

Abstract 1. 1. The chemotactic peptide n-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) induces peptide leukotriene release at concentrations of 20–25 pmol/ml 3 min after the start of FMLP infusion. 2. 2. FMLP-induced leukotriene release in rabbit hearts is not blocked by the leukotriene receptor antagonist FPL-55712 at concentrations that totally antagonize the hemodynamic effects of exogenously infused peptide leukotrienes. 3. 3. Moreover, propyl gallate, a lipoxygenase inhibitor, does not block FMLP-induced leukotriene release. 4. 4. However, the chemotactic peptide antagonist (Boc-Phe-Leu-Phe-Leu-Phe-OH) totally antagonized FMLP-induced leukotriene release suggesting that the release is via a different mechanism, possibly a receptor mediated event.
Finding needles in haystacks

Probes that reversibly recognize oligohistidine sequences engineered into proteins can provide insights into the structure and location of proteins in living cells.
Photoregulation of Mass Transport through a Photoresponsive Azobenzene-Modified Nanoporous Membrane

Photoresponsive nanoporous membranes, composed of monosized pores modified with azobenzene ligands, were prepared on an ITO working electrode using an evaporation-induced self-assembly procedure. They exhibited the size-selective photoregulated mass transport of two ferrocene-based molecular probes through the membrane to the electrode surface as determined using a chronoamperometry technique. The measured oxidative current increased and decreased in response to alternating UV and visible light exposure correlating strongly with the photoisomerization state of the azobenzene ligands. This indicates that the optically switchable conformation (trans or cis) of azobenzene ligands controls the effective pore size and, correspondingly, transport behavior on the nanoscale.
Scenes: Abstracting interaction in immersive sensor networks

Pervasive computing deployments are increasingly using sensor networks to build instrumented environments that provide local data to immersed mobile applications. These applications demand opportunistic and unpredictable interactions with local devices. While this direct communication has the potential to reduce both overhead and latency, it deviates significantly from existing uses of sensor networks that funnel information to a static central collection point. This pervasive computing driven perspective demands new communication abstractions that enable the required direct communication among mobile applications and sensors. This paper presents the scene abstraction, which allows immersed applications to create dynamic distributed data structures over the immersive sensor network. A scene is created based on application requirements, properties of the underlying network, and properties of the physical environment. This paper details our work on defining scenes, providing an abstract model, an implementation, and an evaluation.
Photolysis of segmented polyurethanes. The role of hard‐segment content and hydrogen bonding

The photodegradation of segmented polyurethanes based on methylene 4, 4′-diphenyldiisocyanate (MDI) is shown to be dependent on the physical structure of the polymer. As the hard segment content of the polyurethane is increased, the photodegradation efficiency is lowered. In particular, the extent of the photolytic decomposition is inversely dependent on the degree of hydrogen bonding in the aryl carbamate groups in the polyurethane backbone. Utilizing appropriate model compounds for comparison, the formation of the ortho photo-Fries rearrangement product, as detected by fluorescene spectroscopy, is also shown to be dependent onthe degree of hydrogen bonding. In general, the restrictive mobility imposed by hydrogen bonding is a critical factor which must be considered in the photochemistry of segmented polyurethanes.
James geikie, james croll, and the eventful ice age

Summary James Geikie's Great Ice Age (1874) first presented to the geological public the Pleistocene. modern interpretation of alternating mild and cold periods during the Though it was supported by geological evidence, Geikie's view of the Ice Age was based on a theoretical framework supplied by the climatic physics of James Croll. Mid-nineteenth-century British geologists had encountered great difficulty in making sense out of the varied and complicated glacial deposits, or ‘drift’, and had formulated the ‘iceberg’ theory to account for the apparent chaos of the drift, an explanation which discouraged its stratigraphic study. The reaffirmation of faith in continental glaciation by several Scottish geologists in the 1850s brought with it a belief in an eventful Pleistocene, but it remained difficult to discover the events of Ice Age history from study of the glacial deposits. In 1864 Croll presented a detailed climatic history of the Ice Age deduced from astronomy and physical geography. By 1871 James Ge...
Effect of Concentration and Hyaluronidase on Albumin Diffusion Across Rabbit Mesentery

Objective:To measure the diffusion coefficient of albumin through rabbit mesentery using the steady-state flux of radioactive tracer 125I-albumin. The effect of albumin concentration and testicular hyaluronidase were also studied. Methods:Mesenteric tissue was bonded between two plates, exposing a 7 mm diameter surface, with two chambers on either side. One chamber was filled with a test solution of albumin containing the radioactive tracer and the other with lactated Ringer solution. The solutions in both chambers were stirred with small magnetic cylinders. The chamber filled with lactated Ringer solution was placed in a well-type NaI(Tl) detector, and the radiation emitted from the tracer that diffused across the mesentery was monitored continuously for 9 hours. The diffusion coefficient (D) was calculated using Fick's law of diffusion. The diffusion coefficient was measured at albumin concentration differences (ΔC) between ∼0 and 10 g/dL. The diffusion coefficient was also measured with testicular hyal...
Replacement of RNA hairpins by in vitro selected tetranucleotides.

An in vitro selection method based on the autolytic cleavage of yeast tRNA(Phe) by Pb2+ was applied to obtain tRNA derivatives with the anticodon hairpin replaced by four single-stranded nucleotides. Based on the rates of the site-specific cleavage by Pb2+ and the presence of a specific UV-induced crosslink, certain tetranucleotide sequences allow proper folding of the rest of the tRNA molecule, whereas others do not. One such successful tetramer sequence was also used to replace the acceptor stem of yeast tRNA(Phe) and the anticodon hairpin of E.coli tRNA(Phe) without disrupting folding. These experiments suggest that certain tetramers may be able to replace structurally nonessential hairpins in any RNA.
Bond ionicity and structural stability of some average-valence-five materials studied by x-ray photoemission

Core-level and valence-band spectra have been obtained by means of x-ray photoemission spectroscopy for the group IV, V, and VI elements Ge, Sn, Pb, As, Sb, Bi, S, Se, and Te and the group IV-VI compounds GeS, GeSe, GeTe, SnS, SnSe, SnTe, PbS, PbSe, and PbTe. These results, taken under ultrahigh-vacuum conditions with unmonochromatized x rays, are presented and discussed in terms of the bonding in materials with an average valence of 5. The effects of relaxation on the chemical shifts are found to be relatively small. The chemical shifts are found to vary in a manner similar to that expected from the magnitude of the elemental electronegativities except for the ordering of the shifts of GeS and GeSe. Relative charge transfers are calculated from the chemical shifts and are found to be in general agreement with ionicities calculated using the Phillips-Van Vechten theory although there is some disagreement as to their magnitudes. A consideration of the structures of the compounds relative to the charge transfers demonstrates the importance of metallic as well as covalent and ionic bonding in determining the most stable structure. The value of critical ionicity carried over from the average-valence-4 materials does not apply to the average-valence-5 materials and this concept does not appear useful in understanding their bonding because of the increased importance of nondirectional metallic bonding.
The relationship between π-cyclopentadienyl proton N.M.R. chemical shifts and metal carbonyl infrared ν(CO) frequencies in first-row transition-metal π-cyclopentadienylmetal carbonyl derivatives

Abstract A least squares linear regression of the πcyclopentadienyl proton n.m.r. chemical shifts versus the metal carbonyl force constants k co 78 cyclopentadienylmetal carbonyl derivatives of the types C 5 H 5 Fe(CO) 2 X, C 5 H 5 Fe(CO)XL, C 5 H 5 Co(CO)X 2 , C 5 H 5 Mn(CO) 2 L, and C 5 H 5 Mn(CO)(NO)X was performed. The following linear relationship was found: τ(C 5 H 5 ) = 13.203&–0.499 k co . The correlation coefficient (r) was −0.902. Many of the compounds which deviated the most from this straight line had the metal atom in a four or five-membered ring also containing a nitrogen, phosphorus, or sulfur atom. The bonding in π-cyclopentadienyl derivatives is discussed.
Coagulation defects and metastatic neuroblastoma.

The association of metastatic neuroblastoma and a fatal progressive depletion of coagulation factors is described in a 2-month-old male infant. The anemia observed may have been at least partly due to a hemolytic process. The mechanisms responsible for the observed findings were not conclusively defined.
Slack-variable models versus Scheffé's mixture models

Abstract Slack-variable models are compared against Scheffe's polynomial model for mixture experiments. The notion of model equivalence and the use of various diagnostic measures provide effective tools in making such comparisons, particularly when the experimental region is highly constrained. It is demonstrated that the choice of the best fitting model, through variable selection, depends on which mixture component is selected as a slack variable, and on the size of the fitted model. In addition, the equivalence of two well-known representations of a complete mixture model is shown to be valid. Two numerical examples are presented.
Effect of septal lesions on the acquisition of three tasks requiring jumping or rearing responses.

Septal lesions in rats impaired acquisition of a shock avoidance task and two food-rewarded tasks which required jumping or rearing responses. This impairment did not seem to be secondary to transient generalized lesion effects such as increased fear or distractibility. The lesion effect was also more transient in the food-rewarded tasks. It is suggested that requiringjumping or rearing responses in a behavioral task interacts with other task and stimulus variables to determine the difficulty of the task for rats with septal lesions.
Treatment of the Gonococcal Arthritis-Dermatitis Syndrome

Ninety-eight patients with the gonococcal arthritis-dermatitis syndrome were prospectively treated with penicillin G, at least 10 million units intravenously per day, followed by ampicillin, 2.0 g orally per day, to complete at least 10 days of treatment (33 patients); ampicillin, 3.5 g orally plus probenecid 1.0 g, followed by ampicillin, 2.0 g per day orally for at least 7 days (29 patients); lower doses of parenteral penicillin G (20 patients); oral tetracycline (6 patients); parenteral cephalosporins (5 patients); and other regimens (5 patients). The response to treatment was equally rapid and complete in each group. At least 90% of the patients in each group had subjective improvement and defervescence within 2 days, and all patients followed for at least 2 weeks achieved complete clinical and bacteriologic cure. Patients with purulent synovial effusions improved significantly more slowly than patients with nonpurulent effusions or with no effusions, regardless of which treatment was used.