cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Visual analysis of dynamic data streams

For scientific data visualizations, real-time data streams present many interesting challenges when compared to static data. Real-time data are dynamic, transient, high-volume and temporal. Effective visualizations need to be able to accommodate dynamic data behavior as well as abstract and present the data in ways that make sense to and are usable by humans. The Visual Content Analysis of Real-Time Data Streams project at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is researching and prototyping dynamic visualization techniques and tools to help facilitate human understanding and comprehension of high-volume, real-time data. The general strategy of the project is to develop and evolve visual contexts that will organize and orient high-volume dynamic data in conceptual and perceptive views. The goal is to allow users to quickly grasp dynamic data in forms that are intuitive and natural without requiring intensive training in the use of specific visualization or analysis tools and methods. Thus far, the project has prototyped five different visualization prototypes that represent and convey dynamic data through human-recognizable contexts and paradigms such as hierarchies, relationships, time and geography. We describe the design considerations and unique features of these dynamic visualization prototypes as well as our findings in the exploration and evaluation of their use.
Coherent structures and studies of perturbed and unperturbed jets

The following aspects of large-scale coherent structures are addressed: definition and identification of the coherent structure, difficulties in the eduction of naturally occurring structures, need for studies of structures induced via controlled excitations, relevance of induced structures to natural structures, the effects of initial and boundary conditions including characterization of the initial condition, and some analytical and experimental considerations in investigations of coherent structures. Progress made in the understanding of large-scale coherent structures in the following experimental studies of perturbed and unperturbed axisymmetric turbulent jets are then summarized: coherent structures in the jet near field induced by impulsive and sinusoidal excitations; coherent structure distortion due to the Taylor hypothesis and applicability of the hypothesis to turbulent shear flows; the sensitivity of the jet 'preferred mode' coherent structure to the Reynolds number and initial condition; and coherent structures in the jet near and far fields in the absence of any excitation. The signigicance of coherent structures vis-a-vis the background turbulence is discussed, and on the basis of available evidence it is suggested that although coherent structures are most probably inherent to all turbulent shear flows, their predominance in fully developed flows may have been exaggerated.
Opportunistic Candidiasis: An Epidemic of the 1980s

Hospital discharge data from 1980 to 1989 from the National Center for Health Statistics, National Hospital Discharge Survey (NHDH), and two commercially generated hospital discharge data sources (PAS and McAuto) were analyzed to document nationally the increased rate of opportunistic candidal infections among hospitalized patients in the 1980s and to identify the major risk factors. National projections were made by year. Age-, sex-, race-, and disease-specific denominators were generated from NHDS data. ICD-9-CM codes derived from discharge diagnoses were used to identify patients with oropharyngeal candidiasis, disseminated candidiasis, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection/AIDS, or malignancies and transplants. Between 1980 and 1989, rates of oropharyngeal candidiasis increased 4.7 times (from 0.34 to 1.6 cases per 1,000 admissions per year), and the number of deaths among patients with oropharyngeal candidiasis increased fivefold. Although the highest rates were among pediatric patients (3 cases per 1,000 pediatric admissions), the greatest rate increases were among 15- to 44-year-old patients (13-fold) and males (fivefold). Between 1983 and 1989, the rates of oropharyngeal candidiasis among patients with HIV infections/AIDS rose more than 22 times (from 0.02 to 0.45 case per 1,000 admissions; NHDS data). Over the whole decade, the rates of disseminated candidiasis increased 11 times (from 0.013 to 0.15 case per 1,000 admissions). Between 1985 and 1989, the rate of this complication among patients with HIV infection/AIDS increased 10-fold, compared with only a twofold rate increase among patients with malignancies or transplants. The rate of debilitating and life-threatening candidiasis among hospitalized patients increased considerably over the 1980s. This rate increase was significant among patients with HIV infection/AIDS and patients undergoing transplantation or immunosuppressive therapy for malignancies.
The effects of elevated temperatures and various time-temperature combinations on the development of Brachiola (Nosema) algerae N. Comb. in mammalian cell culture.

Abstract Nosema algerae Vavra and Undeen 1970, a microsporidian known to cause infection in mosquitoes, develops in mammalian cell cultures at 24–35 °C and in the tails and footpads of athymic mice. More recently it has been reported to grow at 38 °C in human cell culture. The present study is a two-part temperature/development examination. The first part examines the development of N. algerae in rabbit kidney cell culture at 29 °C, which permits the formation of functional spores within 72 h, and compares the effect of elevated temperatures (36.0, 36.5, 37 °C) on parasite development. At these elevated temperatures, N. algerae infects but undergoes only one or two proliferative divisions, with no evidence of sporogony by 72 h post-inoculation. During this time, however, the host cells continue to divide resulting in fewer infected cells over time and giving the appearance of a diminished parasitemia. Additionally, at 37 °C some organisms degenerate/hibernate by 72 h while others remain viable/active. It ...
Patterns of Morphological and Plastid DNA Variation in the Corallorhiza striata Species Complex (Orchidaceae)

Abstract Corallorhiza striata is a wide-ranging, morphologically variable, mycoheterotrophic species complex distributed across North America. Objectives of this study were to assess relationships and test validity of previously delimited varieties of C. striata, including the recently described C. bentleyi. Two plastid DNA regions were sequenced for individuals from several populations across North America, identifying four major clades. The large-flowered C. striata var. striata (northern U.S.A., southern Canada) was sister to the smaller-flowered var. vreelandii (southwestern U.S.A., Mexico), and these were sister to a Californian clade with relatively intermediate-sized flowers. C. striata var. involuta (Mexico) and the endangered C. bentleyi (eastern U.S.A.) shared a close relationship, sister to the remaining C. striata. Principal Components Analysis and Nonparametric Multivariate Analysis of Variance on nine quantitative morphological characters, using plastid DNA clades as independent variables, d...
The Abdomen as Source of Sepsis in Critically Ill Patients

Among patients with life-threatening sepsis that has no clear site of origin, the abdomen continues to be a probable and tractable possibility. The cavity has the microbiologic and anatomic potential for sudden or indolent sepsis and the cause may be either obvious or obscure. The abdomen or the various structures may be primary sources that are secondary and independent of disease that brought the patient to peril. They also could be secondary and dependent upon an abdominal operation complicated by sepsis. The partnership of intensivist and surgical consultant, addressing possibilities and challenges, must identify the most probable cause and the most timely response for positive intervention in the critically ill patient threatened by sepsis.
High School Adolescents' Perceptions of the Parent–Child Sex Talk: How Communication, Relational, and Family Factors Relate to Sexual Health

This research focuses on how high school adolescents' (n = 159) perceptions of parent–adolescent communication about sex, including communication frequency, parent–child closeness, parents' communication competence and effectiveness, as well as the larger family environment relates to sexual risk-taking and permissive sexual attitudes. Findings show that perceived parental communication competence and effectiveness were the strongest negative predictors of adolescents' permissive sexual attitudes and sexual risk-taking, whereas peer communication frequency was a significant positive predictor. In contrast with previous research, adolescents' perception of parent communication frequency and family communication climate (e.g., conversation orientation and conformity orientation) was unrelated to adolescents' sexual risk.
Clerics, weightlifters, and politicians: Ramzan Kadyrov's Instagram as an official project of Chechen memory and identity production

Head of Chechnya Ramzan Kadyrov's Instagram has been the focus of popular interest and news since it was launched in 2013. This article strives to show that Kadyrov's communication through Instagram reproduces and imposes a new, authorized discursive hegemony that positions Chechen national identity within a broader pro-Russian ideological framework legitimating Kadyrov's power in his Chechen nation-building project. The findings reveal the deployment of three main themes: Islam, sport, and government Public Relations (PR), which serve as discursive vehicles to encourage national cohesion. Situated within a discourse analysis analytical framework, the findings contribute to understandings of social media as a communicative platform in a post-Soviet authoritarian context for normalizing new ideologies.
Afghan Rights to Schools and Security: A Glass Half-Full

The fight for Afghan women against the Taliban was part of the justification of the 2001 invasion of Afghanistan. Under the Taliban regime Afghanistan experienced the most repressive gender regime in the Muslim world. The international intervention in the country is the clearest commitment by Western actors to advancing the rights of Muslim women anywhere. What has happened to the initiatives to “save” Afghan women? This article examines the progress and pitfalls of the effort to educate and empower Afghan women over the past decade. I focus on the educational sector and the significant gains made in increasing access to school for girls while discussing the ways in which lack of security jeopardizes these gains. Despite some caveats, I argue that guarded optimism is appropriate in that the 2001 occupation may yet yield some positive benefit for Afghanistan by creating the infrastructure for women’s schooling.
A Two-Dimensional Multiphase Model of Biofilm Formation in Microfluidic Chambers

The bacterial pathogen Xylella fastidiosa is the causal agent of many pathological conditions of economically important agricultural crops. There is no known cure for X. fastidiosa diseases, and management of the problem is based solely in controlling the population of insect vectors, which is somewhat effective. The bacterium causes disease by forming biofilms inside the vascular system of the plant, a process that is poorly understood. In microfluidic chambers, used as artificial xylem vessels, this bacterium has been observed to reproducibly cluster into a distinct, regular pattern of aggregates, spatially separated by channels of non-biofilm components. We develop a multiphase model in two dimensions, which recapitulates this spatial patterning, suggesting that bacterial growth and attachment/detachment processes are strongly influential modulators of these patterns. This indicates plausible strategies, such as the addition of metals and chelators, for mitigating the severity of diseases induced by this bacterial pathogen.
Active tunable high contrast meta-structure Si waveguide

In this work, we have designed a novel Si based 1-dimensional high contrast meta-structure waveguide that has slow light effect as well as phase tunability using p-n junction. The goal is to use such waveguide to design active optical devices such as high frequency modulators and tunable filters for analog RF-photonics or data communication applications. The Si ridge waveguide has a pair of high contrast grating wings adhered to the waveguide core in the center. Grating bars at two sides of the waveguide are doped P and N-type respectively, while a p-n junction region is formed in the middle of the waveguide core. By applying a voltage to bias the p-n junction, one can sweep the free carriers to change the effective index of the waveguide as well as the dispersion property of the grating. This metastructure Si waveguide is ideal in the design of high frequency optical modulators since the slow light effect can reduce the modulator waveguide length, increase the modulation efficiency as well as compensate other nonlinearity factors of the modulator for analog applications.
In the Forefront of Our Minds: AIDS and Other Responses to Category Labels

Researchers have called for public education concerning information about acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Public education is seen as more effective when the subject of the education is...
The Operation of the GCCIA HVDC Project and Its Potential Impacts on the Electric Power Systems of the Region

The Gulf Cooperation Council Interconnection Authority (GCCIA) has constructed and commissioned a 400kV interconnection grid between Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Qatar and United Arab of Emirates (UAE), that includes 900 km of overhead lines, seven 400kV substations, a 1800MW three-pole back-to-back HVDC converter station and a submarine cable to Bahrain. This paper summarizes the design features of the GCCIA Back-to-Back HVDC station, illustrates both the technical considerations and physical characteristics of the project, and highlights the operational experience since its operation in 2009. Also, the paper provides some environmental aspects and personal recommendations, and sum up with illustrative conclusion over the covered topics.
Perceived parental psychological control, familism values, and Mexican American college students' adjustment.

Objectives Drawing from cultural ecological and risk and resilience perspectives, we investigated associations among Mexican American college students' perceptions of mothers' and fathers' psychological control and familism values, and college students' adjustment (i.e., depressive symptoms and self-esteem). Additionally, we examined how familism values moderated the relations between perceived psychological control and college students' adjustment. Methods Participants were 186 Mexican American college students (78.5% women; Mage = 21.56 years), and data were collected using self-report online surveys. Results Using path analyses, we found that perceived maternal psychological control was positively associated and familism values were negatively associated with college students' depressive symptoms. Additionally, perceived paternal psychological control was negatively associated with college students' self-esteem when college students reported low, but not high, familism values. Conclusion Findings highlight the importance of family relationships for Mexican American college students and the significance of examining these relationships within this cultural context. (PsycINFO Database Record
A Comparison of Chest Compression Quality Delivered During On-Scene and Ground Transport Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

Author(s): Russi, DO, Christopher S.; Myers, BAH, Lucas A.; Kolb, BS, Logan J.; Lohse, MS, Christine M.; Hess, MD, MSc, Erik P.; White, MD, Roger D. | Abstract: Introduction: American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines recommend cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) chest compressions 1.5 to 2 inches (3.75-5 cm) deep at 100 to 120 per minute. Recent studies demonstrated that manual CPR by emergency medical services (EMS) personnel is substandard. We hypothesized that transport CPR quality is significantly worse than on-scene CPR quality.Methods: We analyzed adult patients receiving on-scene and transport chest compressions from nine EMS sites across two Midwestern states from May 2008 to July 2010. Two periods were analyzed: before and after visual feedback. CPR data were collected and exported with the Zoll M series monitor and a sternally placed accelerometer measuring chest compression rate and depth. We compared compression data with 2010 AHA guidelines and Zoll RescueNet Code Review software. CPR depth and rate were “above (deep),” “in,” or “below (shallow)” the target range according to AHA guidelines. We paired on-scene and transport data for each patient; paired proportions were compared with the nonparametric Wilcoxon signed rank test.Results: In the pre-feedback period, we analyzed 105 of 140 paired cases (75.0%); in the post-feedback period, 35 of 140 paired cases (25.0%) were analyzed. The proportion of correct depths during on-scene compressions (median, 41.9%; interquartile range [IQR], 16.1-73.1) was higher compared to the paired transport proportion (median, 8.7%; IQR 2.7-48.9). Proportions of on-scene median correct rates and transport median correct depths did not improve in the post-feedback period.Conclusion: Transport chest compressions are significantly worse than on-scene compressions. Implementation of visual real-time feedback did not affect performance. [West J Emerg Med. 2016;17(5)634-639.]
Faith, Reason and the Existence of God

The proposition that the existence of God is demonstrable by rational argument is doubted by nearly all philosophical opinion today and is thought by most Christian theologians to be incompatible with Christian faith. This book argues that, on the contrary, there are reasons of faith why in principle the existence of God should be thought rationally demonstrable and that it is worthwhile revisiting the theology of Thomas Aquinas to see why this is so. The book further suggests that philosophical objections to proofs of God's existence rely upon an attenuated and impoverished conception of reason which theologians of all monotheistic traditions might wish to reject. Denys Turner proposes that on a broader and deeper conception of it, human rationality is open to the 'sacramental shape' of creation as such and in its exercise of rational proof of God it in some way participates in that sacramentality of all things.
Photosynthetic responses of a dominant C4 grass to an experimental heat wave are mediated by soil moisture

Extreme heat waves and drought are predicted to increase in frequency and magnitude with climate change. These extreme events often co-occur, making it difficult to separate their direct and indirect effects on important ecophysiological and carbon cycling processes such as photosynthesis. Here, we assessed the independent and interactive effects of experimental heat waves and drought on photosynthesis in Andropogon gerardii, a dominant C4 grass in a native mesic grassland. We experimentally imposed a two-week heat wave at four intensity levels under two contrasting soil moisture regimes: a well-watered control and an extreme drought. There were three main findings from this study. First, the soil moisture regimes had large effects on canopy temperature, leading to extremely high temperatures under drought and low temperatures under well-watered conditions. Second, soil moisture mediated the photosynthetic response to heat; heat reduced photosynthesis under the well-watered control, but not under the extreme drought treatment. Third, the effects of heat on photosynthesis appeared to be driven by a direct thermal effect, not indirectly through other environmental or ecophysiological variables. These results suggest that while photosynthesis in this dominant C4 grass is sensitive to heat stress, this sensitivity can be overwhelmed by extreme drought stress.
Consumer Incidence in Sales Tax Holidays: Evidence from Tennessee

Policymakers frequently employ tax holidays to stimulate spending and transfer state revenues to favored groups. Perhaps the most common form of this policy in the United States are “Back to School” tax holidays where states waive the retail sales tax on selected school supplies in the fall. Surprisingly, the empirical research of this policy has found that tax savings are overshifted to households. This paper argues that tax holiday dates should be assumed to be selected endogenously so as to minimize forgone revenue and maximize consumer incidence by targeting periods where prices are lowest. Causal evidence is considered in a natural experiment out of Tennessee, where legislation for a spring sales tax holiday in 2006 and 2007 for school supplies was reauthorized as part of a broader series of tax cuts. We conclude from the evidence of these Tennessee events suggest that households, on average, receive the full tax savings during these programs. However, consumer incidence is heterogeneous with some retailers recapturing the tax savings with higher pre-tax prices.
Sexual Differentiation of the Brain

Publisher Summary There are clear sex differences in the neural control of endocrine function and in a wide variety of reproductive and nonreproductive behavioral patterns of most vertebrate species. It is generally believed that these differences in brain function are the result of gonadal hormonal environment during a specific period of central nervous system (CNS) development. The gonadal hormones exert an inductive or organizational influence on the developing brain that results in the differentiation of a broad spectrum of neural functions congruent with the genetic sex. This phenomenon is termed sexual differentiation of the brain. This chapter discusses sexual dimorphism of brain structure, the biological role of α-fetoprotein, possible importance of estrogen per se, and steroid-responsive neuritic outgrowth. It discusses the way hormones might change growth patterns and neuronal circuits. Many studies on the ontogeny of neural circuits throughout the CNS have shown morphogenetic and temporal importance of the afferent fiber input to the dendritic differentiation and synaptic organization of target neurons. Dendritic development often appears to be induced by and partially dependent on its afferent axonal input.
A novel triggerless approach for mass wasting susceptibility modeling applied to the Boston Mountains of Arkansas, USA

This research deploys a novel mass wasting susceptibility modeling approach for cases where temporal information is unavailable and circumstances are prejudiced to merit applying traditional susceptibility modeling strategies. Conventional models typically employ approaches deemed problematic for this study, e.g., biased weighted input; a “more is better” approach pertaining to voluminous inputs; neglecting geologic structural influence; and establishing temporal linkages between cause (trigger) and effect (failure) with a trigger being defined as a catalyst for failure, such as timed events like earthquakes or precipitation as well as physical changes like vegetation removal or slope disturbance. Road bias may also influence modeling dramatically when event data are derived from observations of road-related failures, which become unreliable at predicting susceptibility in regions with no roads. However, a triggerless approach can extrapolate naturally occurring susceptibility via priori knowledge of local topography and structural geology factors. Two models are then created for comparison: One model has integrated empirical Bayesian kriging and fuzzy logic considering basically local topography and structural geology, while the second model has employed a standard implementation of a weighted overlay using all available (8) input data layers. Statistical comparisons show that the first model has identified ~ 83%, compared to only ~ 28% for the latter model, of the 47 documented mass wasting events in the selected study site. These results demonstrate that the introduced triggerless approach is efficiently capable of modeling mass wasting susceptibility in areas lacking temporal datasets, which in turn can help in mitigating future geohazards.
Caregiving Responsibilities and Child Spanking

This study examines whether mothers who are also caregivers of elderly or dependent family members are more likely to resort to physical discipline than other mothers. Using data from the National Survey of Families and Households, we found that caregivers are more likely to spank their children than noncaregivers; however, among those who spank, caregivers are somewhat less prone to frequent spankings than noncaregivers. The data further suggest that it is primarily care for adults outside the household that is related to use and frequency of spankings.
Tumoren des Fußes und der Sprunggelenkregion

Klinisches Problem Am Fus treten sowohl benigne als auch maligne Tumoren auf. Wegen ihrer Seltenheit losen sie diagnostische Unsicherheiten aus. Bei der Differenzierung versagen die gangigen Kriterien wie Grose, Invasivitat oder auch Schmerz.
High-Speed Digital Image Correlation Measurements of Random Nonlinear Dynamic Response

Future United States Air Force (USAF) high-speed vehicles will require innovative, non-contacting full-field measurement techniques to validate analysis and design practices. In this experimental investigation, the authors explore the feasibility of using high-speed 3D digital image correlation (DIC) to measure the geometrically nonlinear and stochastic response of a compliant panel representing thin-gauge aircraft-like structure. Existing measurement techniques typically employed for this application include laser vibrometry, accelerometers, and discrete strain gages. However, these approaches are limited to a few points or direct contact resulting in altered structural response. The possibility of full-field noncontact displacement and strain measurement is an attractive alternative for this type of dynamic response testing, particularly as one is not limited to predetermined sensor location. The technical challenges of using DIC for this application include extending the technique from quasi-static or extremely short duration transient dynamic measurement technique to steady-state, long-duration (seconds of data) random response. Multiple, long-time sample records are desired for ensemble averaging, and correspondingly high sample rates generate appreciable volumes of digital images never before attempted with this type of analysis. DIC displacement and strain results are compared to the more traditional measurement methods to establish accuracy. Results demonstrate the feasibility of using DIC for nonlinear dynamic displacement and strain response measurements. The ability to obtain full-field displacement data was beneficial towards identification and differentiation of the dynamic panel response from the inherent dynamic response of the experimental facility.
[Base Excess] And [Strong ION Difference] During O2-CO2 Exchange

Detecting uptake or production of “metabolic acid” by a given tissue is often of interest. [Base excess] ([BE]) is the change in [strong acid] or [strong base] needed to restore pH to normal at normal PCO2. However, [BE] seems to have the potential for minor inaccuracy during hypercarbia, and venous blood is hypercarbic relative to arterial. Another approach is [strong ion difference] ([SID]), where a strong ion is one that is always dissociated in solution, and where [SID] = [strong cation] — [strong anion]. The hypothesis was tested that a-v [SID]p might be used to detect metabolic acid uptake or production by tissue. A computer simulation of O2-CO2 exchange was performed, using the SiggaardAndersen [BE] equations, which provide an existing conceptual template. It was assumed that a change in [BE] = a change in [SID] (Adv. Exp. Med. Biol., in press). (A-v) [SID]p decreased linearly with decreasing [HbO2] during equimolar O2-CO2 exchange (Δ mEq [SID]pl−1 per Δ gHbO2dl−1 = 0.6, r2 = 1.0), and erythrocyte [BE] ([BE] e) and [SID]e decreased commensurately, such that [BE]WB remained constant. These changes represent ion exchanges between erythrocyte and plasma, governed by the Gibbs-Donnan equilibrium. It is concluded that a-v [SID]p may be used to examine a-v differences in [metabolic acid], based on [BE] concepts.
A Theoretical and Computational Framework for Modeling Diffusion-Driven Boundary Motion Without Remeshing

Diffusion-driven phase boundary motion influences both shape and topologies in many microstructural systems. In this paper, we discuss two aspects. First we present a theoretical framework, in which we permit in the models (i) bulk fields such as displacements and bulk mass density (ii) surface fields such as surface energy and surface mass density. The resulting equation for the free energy rate contains appropriate coupling between physical fields. We postulate a minimization principle and consequently obtain updated boundary locations. Second, we use the hierarchical partition of unity meshless compositional procedure as the computational framework for modeling evolving phases. Non-Uniform Rational B-Splines or NURBS are used for discretizing the geometrical model, distribution of material properties, and the accompanying behavioral field. This is a geometry-based alternative to the finite element method for modeling moving boundary problems. Within this framework, computational geometry inspired ideas such as parametric embedding and boolean compositions enable modeling of moving boundaries and changing topologies without remeshing. We demonstrate evolution towards optimal slit and circular shapes of single void systems. We also demonstrate dissolution, growth, coalescence, break-up and disappearance in multi-void systems. In all cases energetic trade-offs between surface and strain energies and their interactions with surface and bulk diffusions dominate the final shapes.
Learning a Mixture of Search Heuristics

This chapter describes programs that solve constraint satisfaction problems with multiple heuristics. It demonstrates the varied efficacy of individual constraint-solving metrics and the potential power available from a mixture of heuristics that references them. It describes a weighted-mixture decision process, and explains how one autonomous learner constructs its own labeled training examples from its search experience, and then learns a weighted mixture from them. Four new techniques are introduced to manage a large body of conflicting heuristics, and illustrated with empirical results.
Risk Reduction in the Diabetic Patient

Diabetic patients are at high risk for cardiovascular mortality, the greatest cause being atherosclerotic vascular disease and its subsequent sequelae. Diabetic patients have greater risk of permanent brain damage with carotid emboli, threefold greater mortality from stroke, poor prognosis for survival, and a two to fourfold greater risk of cardiovascular disease. In the Framingham Heart study, men with type-2 diabetes are twice as likely to develop heart failure compared to non-diabetics and women are five times more likely. The management and control of cardiovascular disease may be the most challenging and elusive task since cardiovascular damage may already be present even before the disease is diagnosed.
Overview of Treatment Options

Management of the head and neck cancer patient requires the interplay of many specialists. Optimizing the technical aspects of treatment requires the interaction of the radiation oncologist, the head and neck surgeon and the medical oncologist. The choice of treatment and actually carrying it out often must take into account the socioeconomic status of the patient. Here the role of the nurse and/or social worker acting as a patient advocate is important.
Supply response of cereals in Tunisia

The objective of this study was to evaluate the responsiveness of Tunisian cereals producers to price and weather variables. The price elasticities of supply thus developed could be useful in the evaluation of alternative pricing policies. Acreage, yield and marketed output responses were estimated using aggregate time series data for the period covering Tunisia's independence 1955-1980;The acreage response functions were formulated along the lines of Nerlove's lagged adjustment model. Price expectations were first formulated as in Nerlove's model. In view of the price fixing tradition of the Tunisian government, the simple Cobweb type of expectations formation, i.e., P(,t)('e) = P(,t-1), was used in most of the equations. The two model types had in general comparable results;For the northern region, acreages show a significantly positive responsiveness to own prices. Total cereal acreages in the North have response elasticities of .29 to .65 in the short run and of .61 to 1.04 in the long run. Lamb show as a competitive activity while beef seems to be rather a complementary one. Rainfall in the planting season affects somewhat planted acreages;For the combined central and southern regions only barley's acreage show a significantly positive price responsiveness to barley price. Lagged acreages and rainfall during the planting season explain most of the variation in acreage;Yields for all three cereals respond negatively, with high significance levels to the current ratio of nitrogen to own price. The phosphate to own price ratio seems to affect durum wheat alone. Rainfall in the three major growth seasons shows more of an impact on yields in the combined central and southern regions while price ratios are not as much of a factor;Marketed output responses for durum wheat, soft wheat and for all cereals have a very strong reaction to both the level of total output and to own price, with significance levels generally in the one per ten thousand range. The derived marginal propensities for autoconsumption out of total output were .59, .51, .71 and .64 respectively for durum wheat, soft wheat, barley and all cereals;The magnitudes and significance levels of the price elasticities of supply, developed here, appear to indicate a good potential for the use of real prices as incentives for increased cereals production and marketings in Tunisia.
Nested Coleoptera and Orthoptera on sand dunes in the Basin and Range Province of western North America

The sand dunes of the Basin and Range Province of western North America contain obligate and endemic species of Coleoptera and Orthoptera. These dune habitats represent islands on which the isolated insular faunas are in a state of relaxation. The calculated ‘temperature’ metric used in this study reflects the relative measure of disorder, by which the degree of nestedness can be determined. Sixteen dunes in the Basin and Range Province are shown to comprise a nested subset of obligate Coleoptera and Orthoptera. These sixteen sand dunes remain nested even when the endemic species are excluded from the analysis. The absence of endemic species slightly decreased the calculated ‘temperature’ of the island-dune archipelago. Therefore, endemic species present in the sand dunes do not significantly contribute to the high degree of nestedness of dune obligate Coleoptera and Orthoptera in the Basin and Range Province. The dunes can also be separated into five distinct sub-basins, two of which contain only one sand dune. These sub-basins are not significantly nested, but together define the nested structure of the Basin and Range Province.
Therapeutic reduction of lysophospholipids in the digestive tract recapitulates the metabolic benefits of bariatric surgery and promotes diabetes remission.

Abstract Objective Obesity and obesity-related metabolic disorders are major health problems worldwide. The most effective obesity intervention is bariatric surgery. This study tested the hypothesis that bariatric surgery alters phospholipid metabolism in the gastrointestinal tract to favor a metabolically healthy gut microbiota profile and therapeutic intervention of phospholipid metabolism in the gastrointestinal may have similar metabolic benefits. Methods The first study compared plasma levels of the bioactive lipid metabolites lysophospholipid and trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) as well as gut microbiota profile in high fat/carbohydrate (HFHC) diet-fed C57BL/6 mice with or without vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) and in Pla2g1b−/− mice with group 1B phospholipase A2 gene inactivation. The second study examined the effectiveness of the non-absorbable secretory phospholipase A2 inhibitor methyl indoxam to reverse hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in HFHC diet-fed C57BL/6 mice after diabetes onset. Results Both bariatric surgery and PLA2G1B inactivation were shown to reduce lysophospholipid content in the gastrointestinal tract, resulting in resistance to HFHC diet-induced alterations of the gut microbiota, reduction of the cardiovascular risk factors hyperlipidemia and TMAO, decreased adiposity, and prevention of HFHC diet-induced diabetes. Importantly, treatment of wild type mice with methyl indoxam after HFHC diet-induced onset of hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia effectively restored normal plasma lipid and glucose levels and replicated the metabolic benefits of VSG surgery with diabetes remission and TMAO reduction. Conclusion These results provided pre-clinical evidence that PLA2G1B inhibition in the digestive tract may be a viable alternative option to bariatric surgery for obesity and obesity-related cardiometabolic disorder intervention.
Floating Orbitals Reconsidered: The Difference an Imaginary Part Can Make.

Floating orbitals for valence electrons have made cameo appearances at several stages in the history of quantum chemistry. Most often, they were considered as potentially useful basis functions and, more recently, also as muses for the development of subatomistic force fields. To facilitate computation, these orbitals are generally taken to be real spherical Gaussians. However, the computational advantages carry over to complex Gaussians. Here, we explore the potential utility of an imaginary part. Analytical equations for two mobile electrons show that an imaginary part shifts the balance between contributions to the exchange energy that favor parallel versus antiparallel electron spins. However, an imaginary part also carries a large kinetic energy penalty. The imaginary part is therefore negligible for two valence electrons, except in the case of strong core–valence exchange interactions. This consideration allows a self-consistent model for the nd2 triplet ground states of transition metal ions versus...
Language Progress Monitoring for Elementary Students

Purpose Progress monitoring is a process of gathering and interpreting data about a student's communication growth during intervention. The purpose of this article is to outline recommendations for...
Constitutional Good Faith

In this essay, I argue that a constitutional scheme grounded in the Rule of Law cannot rely primarily on a self-executing, mechanistic vision of Madison’s ambitious branches checking one another. Rather, “We the People” depend on self-regulation — in the form of constitutional good faith — by the vast majority of our constitutional actors. I then offer a meditation on the nature of good faith required for healthy American constitutionalism.
Clinical application of a new ternary polymer, SEC-1 coat™, for pediatric cardiopulmonary bypass circuits: a prospective randomized pilot study.

Objective:The use of biocompatible materials to reduce the systemic activation of inflammation and coagulation pathways is expanding rapidly. However, there have been few clinical studies of biocom...
Risk screening of osteoporosis in community residents and its influencing factors

Objective To explore the influencing factors of high risk osteoporosis (OP) population. Methods Using multi-stage cluster sampling method, 1 district was selected from each of the 6 cities randomly, then 3 communities were selected from each district randomly. Questionnaire investigation and physical examination were applied to community residents aged 40-69 years old. The questionnaire mainly included basic information, OP risk assessment (using the 1 minute test method developed by the International OP Foundation), health status and lifestyle information (recent 12 months). The relationship between high-risk groups and influencing factors was analyzed by unconditional logistic regression. Results Totally 6 577 valid questionnaires were collected, 2 069 were male (31.46%) and 4 508 were female (68.54%). A total of 166 cases (2.52%) were found as self-reported OP patients at the age of 40-69, self-reported rate of male (1.55%) was lower than that of female (2.97%) (χ2=11.719, P 5 000 (OR=1.336) and BMI>24.00 (OR=1.322), they were all related to a increased proportion of high risk population. Conclusion The proportion of OP high-risk groups is higher among people aged 40-69. Gender, age, cultural level, occupation, bad health status and lifestyle changes are closely related to higher OP risk. Community residents OP screening should be continued to further study the risk factors of OP. Key words: Osteoporosis; Risk factors; Chronic disease
Measuring solar neutrinos over gigayear timescales with paleo detectors

Measuring the solar neutrino flux over gigayear timescales could provide a new window to inform the solar standard model as well as studies of the Earth's long-term climate. We demonstrate the feasibility of measuring the time evolution of the $^{8}\mathrm{B}$ solar neutrino flux over gigayear timescales using paleo detectors, naturally occurring minerals which record neutrino-induced recoil tracks over geological times. We explore suitable minerals and identify track lengths of 15--30 nm to be a practical window to detect the $^{8}\mathrm{B}$ solar neutrino flux. A collection of ultraradiopure minerals of different ages, each some 0.1 kg by mass, can be used to probe the rise of the $^{8}\mathrm{B}$ solar neutrino flux over the recent gigayear of the Sun's evolution. We also show that the time-integrated tracks are sensitive to models of the Sun.
The Role of Machine Readability in an AI World

In most discussions of artificial intelligence today, the great enabler is machine learning. Algorithms that perform intelligent tasks – those without explicit human direction – are becoming ubiquitous. But machines must be able read before they can learn. And information most relevant to AI advancements is often not appropriately structured for quick and easy ingestion. In financial markets, one of the great inhibitors is data embedded in documents designed for human readability. Learn what regulators are doing to promote machine reading of registrant disclosures through data reporting standards and requirements.
Evaluation of Four Decades of Pension Privatization in Latin America, 1980-2020: Promises and Reality

The author of this book has published other 40 on social security since 1968, dealing with pensions, health care, and social assistance, in seven languages and in 34 countries. His new book is a product of many works in the last 30 years, which have been integrated, updated, and expanded under a new methodological framework. The book thoroughly documents the effects of the privatization of pensions in nine countries in Latin America from 1980 until the present: Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Mexico, Panama, Peru, and Uruguay. This is done by contrasting the promises of the structural reformers with statistical series from the AIOS (international association of superintendencies of private pension funds), 22 statistical tables, four figures, and more than 200 bibliographical sources. The aspects tested are based on the ILO social security principles of universal coverage, social solidarity, gender equity, benefit sufficiency or adequacy, efficient administration and reasonable costs, and financial and actuarial sustainability. In addition, the book assesses the performance of similar principles in public PAYG systems in Argentina, Bolivia, and Brazil, and public pillars in mixed or parallel systems in Colombia, Costa Rica, Panama, Peru, and Uruguay. All together it compares 17 different pension systems in the region with a standardized methodology. It ends with conclusions and detailed recommendations for all the countries. A good complement to Ortiz, Duran-Valverde, Urban and Wodsak, eds., Reversing Pension Privatizations: Rebuilding Public Pension Systems in Easter Europe and Latin America, Geneva, ILO.
Successful biological control of winter moth, Operophtera brumata, in the northeastern United States

Winter moth, Operophtera brumata, native to Europe, invaded the northeastern United States in the late 1990s, where it caused widespread defoliation of forests and shade trees ranging from 2,266 to 36,360 ha/yr between 2003 and 2015 in Massachusetts. In 2005, we initiated a biological control effort based on the specialist tachinid parasitoid Cyzenis albicans, which had previously been introduced along with the generalist ichneumonid parasitoid Agrypon flaveolatum to control winter moth in Nova Scotia in the 1950s and British Columbia in the 1970s. Due to concerns of possible non-target impacts by A. flaveolatum, we focused entirely on the specialist C. albicans. Each year for 14 yr, we collected several thousand individuals of C. albicans from British Columbia and released them in widely spaced sites in the northeastern United States. As of 2020, we had established C. albicans at 41 of 44 sites from coastal Maine to southeastern Connecticut. By 2016, winter moth densities (pupae/m2 ) had declined from 100-500 to 0-10 pupae/m2 at six release sites at least 10 km apart and this was coincident with the onset of 10-40% parasitism. At one site in Wellesley, Massachusetts, the decline occurred in 2012 and winter moth densities have remained low for seven subsequent years. Defoliation in Massachusetts has been reduced to undetectable levels by aerial survey since 2016. DNA sequencing of the barcoding region of the mitochondrial gene CO1 confirmed that all C. albicans reared from winter moth matched the C. albicans collected from Vancouver Island and were distinct from parasitic flies (presumably a native species) reared from a native congener of winter moth, Bruce spanworm (O. bruceata). Successful establishment of C. albicans on winter moth represents a rare, if not the only, example of the biological control of a major forest defoliator that attacks a wide range of tree species anywhere in the world by the establishment of a single specialist natural enemy.
Beyond Reference Data: A Qualitative Analysis of Nursing Library Chats to Improve Research Health Science Services

Objective -The objective of this study was to analyze trends in academic library reference chat transcripts with nursing themes, in order to improve all library services and resources based on the findings.Methods -In Fall 2018, health science liaison librarians performed a qualitative study by analyzing 60 nursing chat transcripts from LibraryH3lp. These chats were tagged, anonymized, coded, and then analyzed in Atlas TI to identify patterns and trends.Results -Chat analysis showed that librarians staffing chat are meeting the research needs of nursing patrons by helping them find full-text articles and suggesting the appropriate library databases. In order to further improve these virtual services, workshops were offered to Library and Information Science (LIS) interns and staff who answer reference chats. Nursing online tutorials and research guides were also improved based on the results.Conclusion -This study will help academic libraries improve and expand services into the virtual realm, to support library employees and patrons during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond. Virtual reference chat is not going away; in the current academic environment it is needed more than ever. Using these library chats as the basis for additional chat staff training can reduce staff anxiety and prepare them to better serve patrons.