cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An enhanced stream mining approach for network anomaly detection

Network anomaly detection is one of the hot topics in the market today. Currently, researchers are trying to find a way in which machines could automatically learn both normal and anomalous behavior and thus detect anomalies if and when they occur. Most important applications which could spring out of these systems is intrusion detection and spam mail detection. In this paper, the primary focus on the problem and solution of “real time” network intrusion detection although the underlying theory discussed may be used for other applications of anomaly detection (like spam detection or spy-ware detection) too. Since a machine needs a learning process on its own, data mining has been chosen as a preferred technique. The object of this paper is to present a real time clustering system; we call Enhanced Stream Mining (ESM) which could analyze packet information (headers, and data) to determine intrusions.
Vibrational−Torsional Excitation and Direct Overtone Photodissociation of Ethyl Hydroperoxide at 5νOH

We have observed OH radical products from the unimolecular dissociation of ethyl hydroperoxide (CH3-CH2OOH) excited to 5nuOH and have collected an action spectrum from 15,600 to 16,800 cm(-1) and an OH product state distribution at the maximum (16,119 cm(-1)). We use a vibrational-torsional model to simulate spectra in the 5nuOH region for the trans and gauche conformers. A combination of the two simulated spectra resembles the experimental action spectrum, provided that the trans conformer is assumed to dominate at room temperature. Energy disposal in the OH fragment yields an upper limit for the O-O bond dissociation energy at D0 < 44 kcal mol(-1).
The Next Generation Baylor C‐Gyro Pump: Antithrombogenic “Free Impeller” Design for Long‐Term Centrifugal VAD

Abstract: The new generation centrifugal blood pump, the C2 Gyro Pump “Free Impeller Model” specifically designed for long-term ventricular assistance and a bridge to transplantation, has been developed. In the free impeller design, the impeller was completely freed from mechanical tethers by eliminating the shaft. This unique design allowed the incorporation of a center-penetrating hole in the impeller, called the center conduit, which accelerates the secondary blood flow from the bottom to the top of the impeller. During in vitro performance tests, two characteristic impeller motions, called floating mode and wandering rotational axis, were observed. In the floating mode, the impeller seemed to be floating without touching the pump casing and resulted in the idea of no bearing contact. Also, the rotational axis of the impeller exhibited a small circular motion and illustrated the idea of no stationary area in the blood path. These three characteristics are expected to be advantageous for antithrombogenesity and low hemolysis which are essential for a long-term centrifugal VAD.
Transcript elongation on a nucleoprotein template

Chromatin forms a general, repeating barrier to elongation of transcripts by eukaryotic RNA polymerases. Recent studies of nucleosome structure and histone modifications reveal a set of likely mechanisms for control of elongation through chromatin. Genetic and biochemical studies of transcription have identified a set of accessory factors for transcript elongation by RNA polymerase II (Pol II) that appear to function in the context of chromatin. The C-terminal repeated domain (CTD) of Pol II may also play a role in regulating elongation through chromatin.
Phonon frequencies and linewidths for Sm(Y)S

The monopolar charge fluctuation model of lattice dynamics has been extended by including the relaxation in the electronic system. The extension introduces wave-vector-dependent lifetimes only in the longitudinal phonons. This phenomenological model involving eight parameters has been applied to the analysis of the neutron scattering data on the phonons of the mixed-valence compound, Sm/sub 0.75/Y/sub 0.25/S. The calculated phonon frequencies and linewidths are in good agreement with the data. The relaxation time has been found to be about 4 x 10/sup -14/ sec which seems to be consistent with the narrow bandwidth for the f electrons in this compound.
Molten carbonate fuel cells in a future United Kingdom context

Abstract A 1983 report (Ref. 5 below) concluded that the phosphoric acid fuel cell (PAFC) would not be a likely candidate for electricity production in the U.K. market, except for specialized congeneration applications. We re-examine the potential of future fuel cells (FCs), of a few hundred kW to several MW for dispersed power production. In contrast to the PAFC, a number of variants of the molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) could be competitive in the U.K. market. On-going research programs, particularly in the U.S. and Japan, make it likely that the technical goals for the MCFC will be achieved.
LiCl-induced flavor avoidance compared between rats and mice using a nondeprivation protocol.

The present studies examine some parameters involved in flavor avoidance learning, using LiCl to induce malaise, in a novel nondeprivation protocol that allows direct comparison between rats and mi...
Metabolic interactions between drugs and renal tubulo-interstitial cells: Role in nephrotoxicity

A growing number of drugs exhibit selective toxicity for the kidney, the clinical expression of which may range from a mild disturbance of a discrete function to a generalized depression of all functions. The magnitude of the problem has stimulated research into the mechanisms underlying the susceptibility of the kidney to drug-induced alterations of function and structure. From such studies has emerged new insights into the metabolic interactions between specific drugs and renal tubulo-interstitial cells that underlie the development of toxic injury. This paper will review current concepts of the selective susceptibility of the renal tubulointerstitium to drug-induced toxicity. Space does not permit a comprehensive treatment of this complex subject; therefore a limited number of drugs or other xenobiotics to serve as examples of generic mechanisms have been selected for discussion.
Students As Subjects in International Behavioral Studies

METHODOLOGY AND FINDINGS * The practice of using students as subjects in consumer behavior studies is quite common.1 They are readily available at low cost, are generally cooperative, follow instructions well, and the instructor can often claim he or she is adding to the students' educational experience. There is, however, a body of literature suggesting caution when using such subjects.2 While there is no definitive conclusion, it does appear that the usefulness of students as subjects depends to a large extent on the context and make up of the research-the problem, objectives, hypothesis, and setting. The increasing interest in international business has generated a number of consumer behavior studies in the international marketing area.3 Out of ten such studies reviewed by the author, nine used students as respondents. The implied assumption in most of those studies is that their international context will negate the student-as-consumersurrogate hypothesis. The purpose of this research was to investigate this assumption and to extend our understanding of students as respondents in international business studies.
Delay Discounting for Sucrose in Alcohol-Preferring and Nonpreferring Rats Using a Sipper Tube Within-Sessions Task

Background Delay discounting (DD) is a measure of impulsivity that quantifies preference for a small reward delivered immediately over a large reward delivered after a delay. It has been hypothesized that impulsivity is an endophenotype associated with increased risk for development of alcohol use disorders (AUDs); however, a causal role of impulsivity is difficult to determine with human studies. We tested this hypothesis by assessing the degree of DD present in alcohol-naive rats selectively bred for either high- or low-alcohol preference. Methods A novel adaptation of a within-sessions DD procedure was used to compare impulsivity differences between male alcohol-preferring (P) and nonpreferring (NP) rat lines (n = 6 per line) using a 5% sucrose reward. Animals chose between 2 options: 2-second sipper tube access delivered immediately (small reward) or 8-second access after a variable delay (large reward). Each 50-minute session consisted of 5 blocks of ten 60-second trials. Within each session, the delay to the large reward increased in each block of trials. Delays were gradually increased over 3 sets to attain a final delay set of 3, 8, 15, 18, and 25 seconds. Results Prior to starting delays, there were no significant differences between lines in sucrose consumption or percent choice for the large reward, and both lines exhibited a clear preference for the large reward. After delays were initiated, choice for the large reward decreased as the delay to its presentation increased. Although discounting of the large, delayed reward was observed for both lines, the degree of discounting, or “impulsivity,” was greater for P rats compared with NP rats. Conclusions P rats are more impulsive for sucrose rewards before exposure to alcohol compared with NP rats. Thus, individuals genetically predisposed toward developing AUDs may be more likely to engage in impulsive decision making prior to alcohol exposure.
TOWARD AN OPTIMAL DESIGN PRINCIPLE IN RELATIONAL BIOLOGY.

A vulnerability criterion is posed for a biological system within the context of representing the system as a relational set, i.e., a collection of components whose interdependency is described by means of a set of binary relations. The criterion provides a numerical value for each representation and therefore a means for comparing one representation against another. Choice of the criterion is such that the larger a numerical value a representation has then the less vulnerable to destruction is the system represented. Other things being equal, it is argued that the representation which endows the system with the least vulnerability is more likely to be a valid representation. A selection criterion is thereby achieved for narrowing down the choice ofa priori representations.
The Game of Politics Simulation: An Exploratory Study

This paper is an exploratory study of Professor Don Jansiewicz's GAME of POLITICS (The Game) simulation. The course instructor employs The Game in his introductory American Politics class as a learning tool for better understanding the legislative-executive process. Our exploratory study used legislative-executive process questions as part of two separate multiquestion examinations. The 75-minute midterm examination was given after using the traditional lecture-discussion method and a widely used American Politics textbook. The 110-minute comprehensive final examination was administered after students had participated in The Game over five consecutive 75-minute class sessions toward the end of the semester. In preparation for each examination, students were given detailed study guides that included 20 possible essay questions and 40 possible short-answer, open-ended questions. Although the students were not aware that this would occur, both examinations included the same two essays and 25 open-ended quest...
B-Complex Vitamin Content of Cheese, II. Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Pyridoxine, Biotin, and Folic Acid

Summary A large number of samples of 23 varieties of cheese and eight varieties of processed cheese or cheese foods and spreads were assayed for several B vitamins. The cheeses contained on an average 277 μ g of niacin, 94 μ g of vitamin B 6 , 691 μ g of pantothenic acid, 1.79 μ g of biotin, and 22.3 μ g of folic acid per 100g. There were wide variations in vitamin content among individual samples of the same variety, as well as among the different varieties. The proteolytic type cheeses, Blue, Camembert, etc., had the most niacin, vitamin B 6 , pantothenic acid, biotin, and folic acid. The hard varieties, except for biotin and folic acid, were next, followed by semihard or soft-unripened types. The proteolytic varieties were high in vitamin content, possibly because microorganism varieties synthesize vitamins during curing. In general, any cheese variety high in one B-vitamin was high in most of the other B-vitamins studied. The cheese contained 9 to 55% of the vitamin content of milk and, nutritionally, cheese may be considered a fairly good source of B vitamins.
Electromechanical impedance: Analogs and duality

It is felt that 4-terminal network theory is potentially of great value in the analysis of problems in the non-electrical realm and problems which are only partially electrical. In attempting to apply 2-port theory however,1,2 some perplexing difficulties arise. These appear to the author basically to be due to somewhat loose habits of thought in defining impedance and admittance on the basis of purely electrical concepts without due regard for their significance in other domains.
Carbohydrate Restriction Alters Hepatic Cholesterol Metabolism in Guinea Pigs Fed a Hypercholesterolemic Diet

The current study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of carbohydrate restriction on hepatic cholesterol metabolism in guinea pigs fed a hypercholesterolemic diet. Hartley male guinea pigs (n ¼ 10 per group) were fed 1 of 3 diets: a diet with a percent energy distribution of 42:23:35 carbohydrate:protein:fat and 0.04% cholesterol (control), a diet with the same macronutrient distribution but with 0.25% cholesterol (HChol), or a carbohydrate-restricted (CR) diet with a percent energy distribution of 11:30:59 carbohydrate:protein:fat and 0.25% cholesterol for 12 wk. There was more accumulation of hepatic cholesterol and triglycerides as well as lower 3-hydroxy-3-methyl glutaryl-CoA reductase messenger RNA abundance in guinea pigs fed the high-cholesterol diets (HChol and CR) (P , 0.01). Guinea pigs fed the CR diet had lower concentrations of hepatic total cholesterol and cholesteryl ester than those fed the HChol diet (P , 0.05). There was no diet effect on hepatic LDL receptor expression. Hepatic acyl CoA cholesteryl acyltransferase (ACAT) activity was lowest in
Qualifying the Qualitative Social Work Interview: A Linguistic Anthropological Approach

As a methodological proposal, this article proposes an approach to interview analysis that connects the content of interview data with (1) the immediate context of the interview, (2) the way contex...
A High Throughput String Matching Architecture for Intrusion Detection and Prevention

Network Intrusion Detection and Prevention Systems have emerged as one of the most effective ways of providing security to those connected to the network, and at the heart of almost every modern intrusion detection system is a string matching algorithm. String matching is one of the most critical elements because it allows for the system to make decisions based not just on the headers, but the actual content flowing through the network. Unfortunately, checking every byte of every packet to see if it matches one of a set of ten thousand strings becomes a computationally intensive task as network speeds grow into the tens, and eventually hundreds, of gigabits/second. To keep up with these speeds a specialized device is required, one that can maintain tight bounds on worst case performance, that can be updated with new rules without interrupting operation, and one that is efficient enough that it could be included on chip with existing network chips or even into wireless devices. We have developed an approach that relies on a special purpose architecture that executes novel string matching algorithms specially optimized for implementation in our design. We show how the problem can be solved by converting the large database of strings into many tiny state machines, each of which searches for a portion of the rules and a portion of the bits of each rule. Through the careful co-design and optimization of our our architecture with a new string matching algorithm we show that it is possible to build a system that is 10 times more efficient than the currently best known approaches.
VULNERABILITY AND DANGEROUSNESS The Construction of Gender through Conversation about Violence

In this article, the author argues that beliefs about vulnerability and dangerousness are central to conceptions of gender and are constructed and transmitted through conversation. Using data from 13 focus groups, the author demonstrates that ideas about gender and its relationship to vulnerability and danger are pervasive in talk about violence, and that this talk is further marked by ideas about age, race, social class, and sexual identity. These ideas are based, in part, on shared beliefs about human bodies, which reinforce the perceived naturalness (and therefore the invisibility) of these ideas. The article concludes with a discussion of the consequences of these ideas for the daily lives of women and men.
State feedback H ∞ control of networked control systems with passive time-varying sampling period

This paper studies the problem of designing robust H infin controllers for networked control systems (NCSs) with time-varying sampling period. A sampling period switching-based method is proposed to deal with NCSs with time-varying sampling period, long time delay, and packet dropout, then by formulating a non-convex feasibility problem into a multi-objective optimization problem subject to LMI constraints, H infin controller design is presented by using the proposed sampling period switching-based method. The simulation results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed sampling period switching-based H infin controller design.
The GacS/GacA signal transduction system of Pseudomonas aeruginosa acts exclusively through its control over the transcription of the RsmY and RsmZ regulatory small RNAs

We report here the results of an analysis of the regulatory range of the GacS/GacA two-component system in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Using microarrays, we identified a large number of genes that are regulated by the system, and detected a near complete overlap of these genes with those regulated by two small RNAs (sRNAs), RsmY and RsmZ, suggesting that the expression of all GacA-regulated genes is RsmY/Z-dependent. Using genome-wide DNA-protein interaction analyses, we identified only two genomic regions that associated specifically with GacA, located upstream of the rsmY and rsmZ genes. These results demonstrate that in P. aeruginosa, the GacS/GacA system transduces the regulatory signals to downstream genes exclusively by directly controlling the expression of only two genes rsmY and rsmZ. These two sRNAs serve as intermediates between the input signals and the output at the level of mRNA stability, although additional regulatory inputs can influence the levels of these two riboregulators. We show that the A+T-rich DNA segment upstream of rsmZ is bound and silenced by MvaT and MvaU, the global gene regulators of the H-NS family. This work highlights the importance of post-transcriptional mechanisms involving sRNAs in controlling gene expression during bacterial adaptation to different environments.
Circulatory Diseases in the U.S. Elderly in the Linked National Long-Term Care Survey-Medicare Database: Population-Based Analysis of Incidence, Comorbidity, and Disability.

Incidence rates of acute coronary heart disease (ACHD; including myocardial infarction and angina pectoris), stroke, and heart failure (HF) were studied for their age, disability, and comorbidity patterns in the U.S. elderly population using the National Long Term Care Survey (NLTCS) data linked to Medicare records for 1991–2005. Incidence rates increased with age with a decrease in the oldest old (stroke and HF) or were stable at all ages (ACHD). For all diseases, incidence rates were lower among institutionalized individuals and higher in individuals with higher comorbidity indices. The results could be used for understanding currently debated effects of biomedical research, screening, and therapeutic innovations on changes in disease incidence with advancing age as well as for projecting future Medicare costs.
Chromatographic Evidence for the Existence of Another Species of Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Factor (LRF)

Fractionation of ultrafiltrates of rat hypothalamic extracts has been performed on Sephadex LH-20 in dimethylformamide/water. The fractions were examined for their content of luteinizing hormone-releasing activity by bioassay n i vitro utilizing LH radioimmunoassay, and also for their content of LRF decapeptide-like material by direct radioimmunoassay. Each method revealed the same pattern of activity. This consisted of a major peak whose elution position coincided with that of authentic decapeptide, and a minor regionwhich closely preceded it, often taking the form of a shoulder on the leading edge of the main peak. The active component in the minor peak could be completely resolved by repeated filtration in the same system thus indicating that it represented another gonadotropin-releasing species rather than a chromatographic artefact although its biological and immunological activities indicate that its structure must resemble closely that of the decapeptide.(Endocrinology 96: 1311, 1975)
Cinacalcet is efficacious in pediatric dialysis patients

Secondary hyperparathyroidism (high-turnover bone disease, or HTBD) is manifested by elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels. Control of HTBD may be achieved by maintaining low serum phosphorous levels and administering vitamin D therapy, although some patients continue to exhibit high PTH levels. We report the results of the efficacy of the calcimimetic cinacalcet in six hemodialysis (HD) and three peritoneal dialysis (PD) pediatric patients with HTBD, age 14.5 ± 1.0 (range 7.5–17.5) years. Six patients received 30 mg/day, one required 60 mg/day, and two received 120 mg/day. Treatment with cinacalcet resulted in a 61% decline in intact PTH (iPTH) levels (1,070 ± 171.5 pretreatment to 417.6 ± 97.8 posttreatment pg/ml, p = 0.005). Serum alkaline phosphatase also declined (561.8 ± 169.6 U/L pretreatment to 390.3 ± 110.3 U/L posttreatment pg/ml). During therapy, serum calcium (p = 0.9) and phosphorous (p = 0.9) levels, calcium-phosphorous product (p = 0.8), systolic blood pressure (BP) (p = 1.0), diastolic BP (p = 0.8), and hemoglobin (p = 0.9) remained unchanged. The dose of oral calcitriol for the three patients on PD while receiving cinacalcet trended downward (0.8 ± 0.2 pretreatment vs. 0.5 ± 0.0 μg/day posttreatment pg/ml), as did the dose of paracalcitol for those receiving HD (6.6 ± 2.3 pretreatment vs. 4.3 ± 1.7 micrograms/day posttreatment pg/ml). We conclude that short-term treatment with the calcimimetic cinacalcet is efficacious in adolescent dialysis patients.
Use of high-resolution ultrasound to measure changes in plantar fascia thickness resulting from tissue creep in runners and walkers.

Abstract Objective This study sought to use high-resolution ultrasound to measure changes in plantar fascia thickness as a result of tissue creep generated by walking and running. Methods Independent samples of participants were obtained. Thirty-six walkers and 25 runners walked on a treadmill for 10 minutes or ran for 30 minutes, respectively. Standardized measures of the thickness of the plantar fascia were obtained in both groups using high-resolution ultrasound. Results The mean thickness of the plantar fascia was measured immediately before and after participation. The mean plantar fascia thickness was decreased by 0.06 ± 0.33 mm SD after running and 0.03 ± 0.22 mm SD after walking. The difference between groups was not significant. Conclusion Although the parameters of this study did not produce significant changes in the plantar fascia thickness, a slightly higher change in the mean thickness of the plantar fascia in the running group deserves further investigation.
Defeating Dynamic Data Kernel Rootkit Attacks via VMM-Based Guest-Transparent Monitoring

Targeting the operating system kernel, the core of trust in a system, kernel rootkits are able to compromise the entire system, placing it under malicious control, while eluding detection efforts. Within the realm of kernel rootkits, dynamic data rootkits are particularly elusive due to the fact that they attack only data targets. Dynamic data rootkits avoid code injection and instead use existing kernel code to manipulate kernel data. Because they do not execute any new code, they are able to complete their attacks without violating kernel code integrity. We propose a prevention solution that blocks dynamic data kernel rootkit attacks by monitoring kernel memory access using virtual machine monitor (VMM) policies. Although the VMM is an external monitor, our system preemptively detects changes to monitored kernel data states and enables fine-grained inspection of memory accesses on dynamically changing kernel data. In addition, readable and writable kernel data can be protected by exposing the illegal use of existing code by dynamic data kernel rootkits.We have implemented a prototype of our system using the QEMU VMM. Our experiments show that it successfully defeats synthesized dynamic data kernel rootkits in real-time, demonstrating its effectiveness and practicality.
Beta amyloid fragments derived from activated platelets deposit in cerebrovascular endothelium: usage of a novel blood brain barrier endothelial cell model system.

Amyloid precursor protein (A PPP) processing results in generation of amyloid Ppeptide (AP) which deposits in the brain parenchyma and cerebrovasculature of patients with Alzheimer k disease (AD). Evidence that the vascular deposits derive in part from APPP fragments originating J;om activated platelets includes findings that individuals who have had multiple small strokes have a higher prevalence of AD compared to individuals who have taken antiplatelet drugs. Thus, determination of whether platelet APPP fiagments are capable of traversing the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is critical. We have established that activated platele&sfi.om patients with AD retain more sui$ace transmembrane-bound APPP (mAPPP) than control platelets. We report here that this mApPP can be cleaved to Apcontaining fragments which pass through a novel BBB model system. This model utilizes human BBB endothelial cells (BEC) isolatedfiom brains ofpatients with AD. These BEC, after exposure to activated platelets which have been surface-labeled with fluorescein and express surface-retained mAPPl? cleave fluorescein-tagged sur$ace proteins, including mApPP, resulting in passage to the BEC layer. The data confirm that BEC contribute to processing of plateletderived mAPPP andshow that thepmcessingyields AP containingfiagments which couldpotentially contribute to cerebrovascular AP deposition.
Effects of a school-based sexuality education program on peer educators: the Teen PEP model

This study evaluated the impact of the Teen Prevention Education Program (Teen PEP), a peer-led sexuality education program designed to prevent unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) including HIV among high school students. The study design was a quasi-experimental, nonrandomized design conducted from May 2007 to May 2008. The sample consisted of 96 intervention (i.e. Teen PEP peer educators) and 61 comparison students from five high schools in New Jersey. Baseline and 12-month follow-up surveys were conducted. Summary statistics were generated and multiple regression analyses were conducted. In the primary intent-to-treat analyses, and secondary non-intent-to-treat analyses, Teen PEP peer educators (versus comparison students) reported significantly greater opportunities to practice sexual risk reduction skills and higher intentions to talk with friends, parents, and sex partners about sex and birth control, set boundaries with sex partners, and ask a partner to be tested for STIs including HIV. In addition in the secondary analysis, Teen PEP peer educators (as compared with the comparison students) had significantly higher scores on knowledge of sexual health issues and ability to refuse risky sexual situations. School-based sexuality education programs offering comprehensive training to peer educators may improve sexual risk behavior knowledge, attitudes and behaviors among high school students.
Continuous Wetiability Measurement for Solder Reflow

A quantitative dynamic solder wettability mesurement technique was utilized to evaluate the effects of reflow processing on the wettability parameters associated with solder ball alloys. This technique enables the examination of the final degree of solder wetting and the continuous monitoring of wetting as a function of time during the reflow process under nitrogen atmosphere. An experimental design approach employing a 24 full factorial experiment was formulated to illustrate the use of this measurement technique investigating the final result of wetting. Solder wettability was determined with respect to the contact angle, base diameter and height of the reflowed solder ball alloy. The most significant effect estimates with respect to contact angle were solder flux and pad metallization. Solder ball alloy was found to significantly impact the base diameter and height of the reflowed solder. The effect of solder flux activators and pad metallizations on the subsequent continuous solder wettability wetting rates and amount of molten solder spread of solder ball alloys during reflow were measured. Reflow with a relatively more activated solder flux material was found to enhance the rate of solder wetting of the the pad metallization.
A Review of the Diagnosis and Management of Male Breast Cancer

Male breast cancer is an uncommon disease although the incidence has increased over the past 25 years. As with many other rare "orphan" diseases, male breast cancer is understudied. The rarity of the disease precludes prospective randomized clinical trials. In addition, few researchers and minimal funding have focused on breast cancer in men, but further work is clearly needed to better understand this disease. It shares many similarities with breast cancer in women; yet some clear differences have emerged. In this article, the latest information on the epidemiology, biology, and treatment of male breast cancer is reviewed.
Ivory Coast microtektite strewn field: description and relation to the Jaramillo geomagnetic event

Abstract During the present study the Ivory Coast microtektite layer was found in cores from five equatorial Atlantic sites, bringing the total number of Ivory Coast microtektite-bearing cores to eleven. The strewn field appears to be restricted to between 9°N and 12°S latitude. There is a general increase in the concentration of microtektites towards the Bosumtwi crater, which is generally thought to be the source of the Ivory Coast tektites. The relationship between the onset of the Jaramillo subchron and the Ivory Coast microtektite layer has been investigated in six cores. A plot of the difference in depth between the base of the Jaramillo subchron and the microtektite layer versus sediment accumulation rate was used to determine the average post-depositional remanent magnetization (PDRM) acquisition depth and the age difference between the onset of the Jaramillo subchron and the deposition of the microtektites. Assuming that the PDRM acquisition depth does not vary with sediment accumulation rate, we find that the average PDRM acquisition depth is 7 cm and that the microtektites were deposited approximately 8 ky after the onset of the Jaramillo subchron. This indicates that the impact responsible for the Ivory Coast tektites and microtektites could not be causally related to the geomagnetic reversal at the base of the Jaramillo subchron.
Physiological Impact, Clinical Manifestations, and Complications of Postoperative Ileus, and Early Postoperative Small Bowel Obstruction

The physiological impact and complications of postoperative ileus and postoperative bowel obstruction result primarily from the patient’s nutritionally compromised state. Patients who fail to rapidly regain nutritional competence after surgery are susceptible to increasing malnutrition in the body’s already stressed surgical state. Standard postoperative fluid and electrolyte management is adequate for minimal short-term nutritional requirements in postoperative patients; however, when return to oral intake is delayed, early consideration of nutritional supplementation with parenteral nutrition is essential. Patients with compromised nutritional states, especially the elderly and those with multiple comorbidities, are at increased risk for morbidity and mortality if they experience a sustained postoperative ileus or bowel obstruction. Early identification of patients at risk and prompt intervention with nutritional support can help maintain the body’s proper homeostasis and prevent adverse consequences and complications associated with postoperative ileus and bowel obstruction.
CD4+ T cells are important for clearance of DA strain of TMEV from the central nervous system of SJL/J mice.

DA and other TO subgroup strains of Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus synthesize a protein called L* which interferes with DA virus clearance from the central nervous system of susceptible SJL mice, thereby fostering virus persistence and a late demyelinating disease. By using CD4 (/) and CD8 (/) mice as well as adoptive transfer studies we demonstrate that susceptible mouse strains are capable of clearing DA virus through a CD41 T cell-dependent activity that is inhibited by L*.
Embedded Data Librarianship: A Case Study of Providing Data Management Support for a Science Department

This case study details how a data services librarian and a science librarian collaborate to provide embedded data management support for the research-oriented Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences at Rutgers University–Newark. Combining their familiarity with emerging professional practices and resources, their efforts to gain a deeper understanding of the specific data management needs of researchers in the department, and their research into the evolving research data infrastructure in that particular discipline, the two are able to successfully connect researchers with the best practices in data management, suitable data repositories, and experts in the campus’ Computing Services unit.
Dehydration of lawsonite could directly trigger earthquakes in subducting oceanic crust.

Intermediate-depth earthquakes in cold subduction zones are observed within the subducting oceanic crust, as well as the mantle. In contrast, intermediate-depth earthquakes in hot subduction zones predominantly occur just below the Mohorovicic discontinuity. These observations have stimulated interest in relationships between blueschist-facies metamorphism and seismicity, particularly through dehydration reactions involving the mineral lawsonite. Here we conducted deformation experiments on lawsonite, while monitoring acoustic emissions, in a Griggs-type deformation apparatus. The temperature was increased above the thermal stability of lawsonite, while the sample was deforming, to test whether the lawsonite dehydration reaction induces unstable fault slip. In contrast to similar tests on antigorite, unstable fault slip (that is, stick-slip) occurred during dehydration reactions in the lawsonite and acoustic emission signals were continuously observed. Microstructural observations indicate that strain is highly localized along the fault (R1 and B shears), and that the fault surface develops slickensides (very smooth fault surfaces polished by frictional sliding). The unloading slope during the unstable slip follows the stiffness of the apparatus at all experimental conditions, regardless of the strain rate and temperature ramping rate. A thermomechanical scaling factor for the experiments is within the range estimated for natural subduction zones, indicating the potential for unstable frictional sliding within natural lawsonite layers.
Method to Monitor Initiation of Aerial Infestations by Alates of the Formosan Subterranean Termite (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) in High-Rise Buildings

Wood devices were placed on roof surfaces of multi-storied buildings to monitor establishment of aerial infestations by alates of the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, in urban southeastern Florida during one swarming season. A total of 80 alate visits was recorded from 20 devices, with nine pairs successfully establishing copulatoria.
Calculating Method for Monitoring Data from Hexi Guide Wall Displacement Meters in Qingtongxia Hydropower Station

According to the layout of three displacement meters,a formula for the horizontal displacement and the displacement along the canal of the Hexi guide wall of the Qingtongxia Hydropower Station are calculated and demonstrated,and the effect of the horizontal rotating angle and temperature change of indium and steel line body on displacement is also analyzed.On this basis,a conclusion is drawn:the effect is small and may be ignored in data treatment.The study makes up for the deficiency in analysis on monitoring data from displacement meters in the Qingtongxia Hydropower Station,and provides a calculating means for finding out the displacement characteristics.
Big Men with Big Friends: Explaining Political Stability in Africa

Why have some African executives successfully consolidated their authority while others have been threatened by coup d’etat and political violence? The author argues that new leaders who co-opt elites from the previous regime into the ruling coalition are more successful in deterring threats to consolidation than those who drastically change the political landscape. Using cabinet ministers as a proxy, I track ruling coalition membership during executive transitions in 20 African countries. This approach follows existing research on ruling coalitions and extraconstitutional regime change but makes one important departure. Instead of looking at the size of ruling coalitions, this research is interested in who is part of the ruling coalition. A proportional hazards model of leadership survival is used to show that who is part of the ruling coalition is more important than the size of the ruling coalition.
Mo-V-O Based Electrocatalysts for Low Temperature Alcohol Oxidation

There is a growing interest in alcohol oxidation electrochemistry due to its role in renewable energy technologies. The goal of this work was to develop active non- precious metal electrocatalysts based on the Mo-V-(M)-O (M is Nb, Te) lattice. Selective gaseous alkane oxidation had been previously observed on these catalysts at elevated temperatures above 300 °C. In this study, the activity of the catalysts at lower temperatures, 25–60 °C, was investigated. Hydrothermal conditions were used to synthesize the Mo-V-(M)-O mixed oxides. Physical characterization of the catalysts were obtained by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron micrography (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), transmission electron micrography (TEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The catalytic activity for the oxidation of cyclohexanol was studied electrochemically. Chronoamperometric studies were used to evaluate the long-term performance of the catalysts. The onset of alcohol oxidative current was...
Aspects of the Pragmatics of Plural Morphology: On Higher-Order Implicatures

This chapter argues that the semantic behavior of bare plurals (and some other plural indefinites) provides evidence for the existence of higher-order implicatures, i.e. pragmatic inferences based on the comparison of a given sentence with the pragmatic meanings of its alternatives (and not only with their literal meanings). In a nutshell, I claim that a bare plural noun like horses denotes the set of individuals, be they atomic or complex, whose atomic parts are individual horses, and that the at-least-two-reading that one gets in sentences such as John has seen horses in the garden is an implicature that derives from the comparison of this sentence with John has seen a horse in the garden. In terms of its literal meaning, the latter sentence is true if and only if John has seen at least one horse in the garden, but gets pragmatically strengthened into John has seen exactly one horse in the garden (scalar implicature). As a result, John has seen horses in the garden will implicate the negation of John has seen exactly one horse in the garden, so that it will end up meaning John has seen several horses. I give an explicit formalization of the processes that lead to higher-order implicatures, based on the possibility of iterating an exhaustivity operator. The proposal accounts for the readings of plural indefinites in various linguistic contexts (monotone-decreasing contexts, non-monotonic contexts, and universally quantified contexts).
A. J. Greimas’ historical lexicology (1945–1958) and the place of the lexeme in his work

In his first research project, Greimas developed and applied new methods in the historical lexicology of modern French. His theoretical articles formulate a sociological approach that analyses vocabulary as a history of culture, illustrated in his two dissertations on fashion in 1830. In the 1980s, from the perspective of his semiotics, Greimas dismissed his early scholarship as failed experiments that taught him what not to do. In the changed epistemological context of the 21st century, the work appears as pioneering research in cultural studies which possesses clear scholarly value. Greimas’ philological and lexicological training bore fruit directly and indirectly throughout his career. Two decades before he launched his semiotics, his project for lexicology proposes a semantic methodology, envisions the construction of an organon for the human sciences, and explicitly calls for a multi-generational collaborative enterprise. Like his structural semantics and semiotics, this lexicology entails three inseparable components: epistemological foundations, concrete methodologies, and robust applications. Moreover, a focus on the lexeme characterizes Greimas’ structural semantics and persists in his semiotics.
Black Cohosh: Chemopreventive and Anticancer Potential

Publisher Summary The chapter reviews the chemopreventive and anticancer potential of the herb, black cohosh (Actaea racemosa). The extract and purified components of the herb is used for centuries for treatment of inflammation and various disorders in women including alleviation of the symptoms of menopause. From epidemiological studies, such menopausal treatment is correlated with reduction in risk of breast cancer. The herb contains major classes of secondary metabolites, triterpene glycosides, alkaloids and phenylpropanoids. Many studies have indicated that black cohosh can inhibit the growth of breast, prostate or skin cancer cells and therefore, the herb can be explored for developing cancer prevention or therapy. A summary of the chemopreventive and anticancer activities of black cohosh is given with precautions for its use. The effect of the extract of black cohosh for inhibiting the invasiveness of breast, prostate and oral cancers is elaborated as well as its action in combination with chemotherapy drugs. Some other properties of black cohosh is discussed which include anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-HIV activities. The mode of action of black cohosh extract is explored and its role in induction of apoptosis and cell cycle.
Interaction of asparagine-linked oligosaccharides with an immobilized rice (Oryza sativa) lectin column.

Abstract The carbohydrate-binding specificity of rice (Oryza sativa) lectin was investigated by testing the ability of radioactively labelled glycopeptides and oligosaccharides to bind to a rice lectin-Sepharose 4B column. Rice lectin binds asparagine-linked oligosaccharides through the core NN'-diacetylchitobiose moiety. Whereas beta 1-4-mannose enhances the binding strength only to a small extent, alpha 1-3-linked core mannose increases it considerably. A core alpha 1-6-linked mannose residue has a slightly inhibitory effect. Binding is not affected when one or both of the alpha-mannose residues are substituted with mannose at C-2, C-3 and C-6 or with N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) at C-2 positions. The presence of an alpha 1-6-fucose residue attached to the asparagine-linked GlcNAc also does not affect the binding. The binding of complex biantennary glycopeptides is not altered by the presence of one or two galactose residues in the non-reducing terminus, but the presence of one or two sialic acid residues decreases the binding capacity. A bisecting beta 1-4-linked GlcNAc attached to beta-linked mannose residue enhances the binding of sialo, asialo and asialoagalacto complex biantennary-type glycopeptides. Bisected hybrid-type glycopeptides bind very tightly to a rice lectin-Sepharose 4B column: Substitution of alpha 1-3-mannose residue at C-2 and C-4 with GlcNAc completely inhibits the binding of both bisected and non-bisected complex asparagine-linked glycopeptides. O-Glycosidically linked oligosaccharides containing GlcNAc bind very weakly to a rice lectin column. The applicability of immobilized rice lectin columns in the fractionation of asparagine-linked oligosaccharides is discussed.
Reading the Hidden History of the Cape: Islam and Slavery in the Making of Race and Sex in South Africa

This chapter traces the place of Islam in South Africa during the colonial period and argues that the presence of Muslim slaves played a foundational role in the making of concepts of race and sex in South Africa. In 1652 the Dutch East India Company established a refueling station at the Cape, the southwestern tip of Africa, a settlement at first focused solely on provisioning ships engaged in the Dutch trade in spices and slaves from the East. Forbidden by its charter to enslave indigenous people, the Dutch instead enslaved people from India, South East Asia and East Africa to serve as labor in the Cape Colony. Slavery and Islam are therefore intricately connected at the Cape because many slaves were Muslim and, in addition, there was a high rate of conversion to Islam among slaves and indigenous people at the Cape, since being Muslim offered “a degree of independent slave culture” separate from that of slave-owners (Worden 1984: 4). Since enslaved people eventually constituted the majority of the population of the Colony, and slavery was central to the social and economic systems of the Colony, the presence of Muslim slaves played a foundational role in the formation of concepts of race and sex in South Africa. In this chapter I explore the place of Islam and slavery in South Africa by analyzing recent fiction that revisits the Cape’s racialized and sexualized history and its subsumed tropes of slavery.
Proposal: Compulsory Bond Purchase as Compromise to Income Tax Rate Increases

It is a common-held expectation that the U.S. will need to increase cash receipts over the next decade. While the highest marginal income tax rates for many years were more than twice what they have been in the last three decades, it is expected that political pressures will not allow more than a modest increase in current marginal tax rates. This Article proposes that the formerly prevalent higher marginal rates be reinstated on income least likely to be subject to disincentive effects. However, to address probable insurmountable political resistance, the portion of the rate in excess of the 39.6% tax rate should be converted to an asset for the taxpayer – U.S. savings bonds. Besides providing government with an injection of cash, these bonds are a form of compulsory savings, along the lines of the Keynesian “deferred pay” proposal. The approach contains a patriotic theme reminiscent of War Bond drives of the last century and provides a tangible commitment to global lenders that affluent Americans share their financial risk. Furthermore, if and when the U.S. government returns to budget surpluses or otherwise is able to reduce tax rates, it will be able to return the funds to those taxpayers affected by the rate increases. This is in contrast to past tax decreases, under which the beneficiaries of the tax rate reduction were not necessarily the same taxpayers who paid the prior higher tax rates.