cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Gibbs on Kohlberg on Dewey: An essay review of John C. Gibbs's Moral development and reality

According to Daniel Lapsley in his foreword to John Gibbs's Moral Development and Reality: Beyond the Theories of Kohlberg and Hoffman (2003), “Professor Gibbs argues that Kohlberg's stage theory fails largely because his best Piagetian insights were corrupted by his fascination with Dewey's writings on internalization and group conformity.” According to Gibbs, continues Lapsley, Kohlberg's “formulation of the preconventional, conventional, and postconventional typology can be traced to Dewey.” Lapsley observes that “to call Kohlberg's Deweyan commitments the “Procrustean bed” that distorts his developmental theory is a startling claim” (Gibbs, 2003, p. viii). 1 All subsequent page number citations will be to Gibbs (2003) unless otherwise indicated. Indeed it is. I also believe it is false in a complex way, or at least seriously misleading. The theses of this paper are that: (1) Dewey's moral psychology includes, in any substantial way, neither (a) a three-stage developmental theory nor (b) internalizatio...
The red face-an overview and delineation of the MARSH syndrome.

The problem of the red face in females is reviewed. After excluding common causes such as contact dermatitis, seborrhoeic eczema and photodermatitis the diseases affecting the remaining patients fall into three groups: marked erythema with no feeling of heat or sensitivity, usually erythromelanosis faciei; marked flushing and burning with intense sensitivity for which the term facial erythrodysaesthesia is proposed; the so-called MARSH syndrome in which an overlap of androgen-dominant symptoms occurs — melasma, acne, rosacea, seborrhoeic eczema, and hirsutism. The latter group may respond best to low dose oral isotretinoin.
Sound Advice and Internal Reasons

Reasons internalism holds that reasons for action contain an essential connection with motivation. I defend an account of reasons internalism based on the advisor model. The advisor model provides an account of reasons for action in terms of the advice of a more rational version of the agent. Contrary to Pettit and Smith's proposal and responding to Sobel's and Johnson's objections, I argue that the advisor model can provide an account of internal reasons and that it is too caught up in the psychology of the actual agent to be able to account for anything other than internal reasons.
Oral therapy for nonmelanoma skin cancer in patients with advanced disease and large tumor burden: a review of the literature with focus on a new generation of targeted therapies

Nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is the most common cancer in patients and includes basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Treatments useful for SCC and BCC include surgical, topical, and in advanced cases systemic chemo-radiation. This review of the literature aims to describe previous and current treatment options for oral therapy in locally advanced and metastatic NMSC otherwise unamenable to standard treatment. Oral Smoothened (Smo) inhibitors Vismodegib, Sonidegib, and Taladegib have shown to be effective in several trials. Oral tyrosine kinase inhibitors Erlotinib and Gefitinib, which target epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), have early supporting data and are currently undergoing large multicenter trials. Other less studied oral therapies which have shown at least partial efficacy include 5-Fluorouracil, capecitabine, and picropodophyllin. In vitro studies have elucidated new targets for dual combination oral therapy targeting both EGFR and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R). It is important to stratify treatment options based on patient risk of advanced disease, failure of conservative treatment, and ill-tolerated intravenous chemotherapy adverse events. Oral therapy in NMSC is useful in high risk patients with recurrent and aggressive disease who may not tolerate other systemic therapies.
Exploring The Media Strategy For International Marketers With Small Budgets: A Cross-Country Consumer Perspective

This paper reports a cross-country comparative study of the media choices for the marketing of Master of Business Administration education in China and the United States from a consumer perspective. To date, limited discussion in the standardization versus adaptation debate has focused specifically on the issue of media strategy from the perspective of a specific category of international marketers, even though media planning is often the most costly and challenging part of international marketing communication. The current study is an effort to bridge this gap.
Internal neurolysis in traumatic peripheral nerve lesions in continuity.

Internal neurolysis — the division of interfascicular scar tissue in order to relieve instrinsic axonal compression — has proved to be of value only in nerve lesions in continuity. There may be division of the axons with preservation of the continuity of connective tissue elements, or both the axons and connective tissue elements may remain intact but with failure of conduction as a result of injury. The authors’ procedure is described, from initial evaluation and diagnosis to surgical techniques. Case reports illustrate the types of lesions in which the procedure is of benefit.
Modularity and integration in the hominoid scapula

In this paper, several hypotheses of morphological integration within the hominoid (ape) scapula are tested. In particular, whether the scapula represents a set of developmental tissues sharing tight correlations between constituent parts (i.e., highly integrated) or is more modularly organized (i.e., covariation is greater within regions than between) is tested. Whether the patterns of integration in the scapula have changed over phylogenetic time or in response to selective forces is also examined. Results from two different analyses (matrix correlations and edge deviance) indicate traits comprising the blade and acromion, and to a weaker degree the glenoid, correlate highly with each other. The coracoid exhibits more independence from other parts of the scapula, perhaps reflecting its distinct evolutionary developmental history. Overall, similarity in species-specific patterns of correlation was high between all taxa. Correlation matrix similarity was significantly correlated with functional similarity and morphological distance, but not with phylogenetic distance. These results are congruent with other studies of integration that suggest correlation patterns remain stable over evolutionary time. There are changes associated with phylogeny, but the tight link between functional similarity and phylogenetic distance at this level of comparison presents possible challenges to interpretation. Overall similarities in the pattern of integration in all taxa might be better interpreted as relative strengthening or weakening of trait correlations rather than broadscale changes in the pattern of relationship between developmental regions. Larger sample sizes with greater taxonomic/functional breadth, and finer scale analyses of patterns of correlation are needed to test these hypotheses further.
The Predictive Power of Abnormal Inventory Growth: Application to Earnings Forecasting for Retailers

In this paper we test the predictive power of abnormal inventory growth to forecast retailers’ earnings. We demonstrate an inverted-U relationship between abnormal inventory growth and one-year ahead earnings per share for retailers. We find this relationship to be robust to different measures of abnormal inventory growth obtained from operations management literature. Our results also show that equity analysts do not fully incorporate the information contained in abnormal inventory growth in their earnings forecasts resulting in systematic biases in their earnings’ forecasts. We show that incorporating this information in analysts’ forecasts would improve their forecast accuracy. This improvement can be as much as 15.08% for overinventoried retailers that are identified based on previous year’s abnormal inventory growth.
Occupational Safety and Health

An employer will invest in safety and health precautions until the cost is more than the expense of paying higher wages, workers' compensation, and other accident and illness costs. Employees receive additional protection because governments have chosen to augment these financial incentives with regulation. Studies indicate that all three approaches cause employers to invest in health and safety precautions, but the extent to which injuries and illnesses are reduced is difficult to verify and may be limited in numerous work situations. The literature has identified potential reforms, but the viability of key reforms is uncertain. Thus, labor markets, compensation, and regulation are highly imperfect alternatives concerning the reduction of occupational accidents and illnesses. As a result, continued reliance on all three approaches is indicated.
Nonparallel stability analysis of compressible boundary layer using 3-D PSE

The receptivity, stability and transition mechanisms of hypersonic flows over 3-D bodies have been the focus of recent research efforts. 2-D and 3-D DNS (Direct Numerical Simulation) have been used as a primary tool in attacking the problems. However, to fully address the problems, less costly methods are desirable to provide independent checks and theoretical interpretations of the numerical results. 3-D PSE (Parabolized Stability Equations), a 3-D extension of the 2-D linear PSE, derived from the full compressible Navier-Stokes disturbance equations in generalized coordinates, have been developed as a cost effective alternative to DNS in solving the problems. Specifically, 3-D PSE intend to account for spanwise variations of basic flow as well as the wavenumbers and shape functions of the disturbances which are ignored in 2-D PSE. Along with 3-D DNS to provide the receptivity solutions, 3-D PSE may serve as a very practical tool in understanding the 3-D stability and transition mechanisms for compressible flows. The formulations and numerical methodology are presented for 2-D and 3-D PSE. At the testing stage, 2-D and 3-D linear PSE are validated with previous 2-D linear PSE results for supersonic flows over flat plate.
A Methodology for the Prediction of Air Transportation Network Growth Dynamics

The future growth in air travel demand and consequently flight operations will cause an increase in aviation fuel burn, emissions, and noise in the vicinity of airports, in addition to the congestion of the air transportation network and the propagation of flight delays. This is tackled through the implementation of aircraft technologies and the optimization of flight operations. A methodology that incorporates both technologies and operations is proposed. The methodology is to be used for the evaluation of the system level performance of the U.S. air transportation network. Different elements of the methodology have been examined and results have been compared to historical data. The evolution of network operations within the U.S. from 2010 through 2011 is estimated using two routing algorithms. Results showed that the algorithms were able to match actual data for the most part, with a few exceptions. Future work requires the full implementation of the methodology proposed. This includes the integration of technology implementation surrogate models and network re-structuring algorithms.
Dewey and Federalism: So Near and Yet So Far

The parallels between John Dewey's philosophical work and federalism are very close, but federalism never became an explicit concern for Dewey. His most explicit statement of political theory in The Public and Its Problems comes close to conceptualizing the foundation for a new theory of federalism. Yet the connection to federalism is never made. Dewey's argument in The Public and Its Problems is, in my judgment, coherent only if the context of a federal system is assumed. The central focus of Dewey's work is on the application of critical intelligence and experimentation to inquiry and to problem-solving more generally. The method of "intelligent cooperative experimentation," which he espoused can be viewed as the method that is appropriate to problem-solving in a federal polity. In this sense, Dewey articulated for his own generation the method that had been espoused by Alexander Hamilton and James Madison in support of the federal experiment in The Federalist papers. In this article I shall elaborate upon Dewey's conceptual innovations in The Public and Its Problems and indicate how these innovations contribute toward the formulation of a new approach to a theory of federalism. I shall then turn to his methodological concerns and show how these have a close relationship to the way that Hamilton and Madison conceptualized the federal experiment and the way that contemporary social scientists are attempting to view reforms as experiments.
Risk communication and the role of knowledge broker, experiences in Italy

Risk communication is a constitutive part of the science-policy interface, especially in the environment and health domain, ground for social, economic, and scientific contrasts. At an European level, the policies in this field are framed in specific Action Plans and public participation is required to promote risk governance. In Italy, field applications are increasing and public debate on evidence-based decision-making, risk governance, and policy management is growing. Those experiences show the need to build a respectful and fruitful dialog among stakeholders, devoting dedicated resources and professional figures to communication and mediation. The knowledge broker appears a key figure to connect the parties and enhance knowledge and responsibility.
Addressing phonological memory in language therapy with clients who have Down syndrome: Perspectives of speech-language pathologists.

Background Phonological memory (PM) plays a significant role in language development but is impaired in individuals with Down syndrome (DS). Without formal recommendations on how to address PM limitations in clients with DS, it is possible speech–language pathologists (SLPs) find ways to do so in their practices. Aims This study asked if and how SLPs address PM in language therapy with clients who have DS. It also asked about SLPs’ opinions of the importance, practicality and difficulty of addressing PM in clients with DS. Methods & Procedures SLPs participated in an online survey that asked if they address PM in clients with DS and, if so, how often and with which techniques. The survey also asked SLPs to rate their opinions of addressing PM in clients with DS with Likert scales. To contrast clients with DS, SLPs were asked about their practices and opinions with clients who have specific language impairment (SLI) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD). SLPs were recruited through e-mails sent from state organizations and researchers. To compare SLPs’ practices and opinions across client types, frequency analyses and analyses of variance (ANOVAs) were run. Outcomes & Results In all, 290 SLPs from 28 states completed the survey. Nearly all SLPs were currently practising at the time data were collected, and all worked with at least one of the three client types. Findings indicated SLPs less often addressed PM and used less variety when addressing PM with clients who have DS compared with clients who have SLI or ASD. Further, SLPs considered it less important, less practical and more difficult to address PM in clients who have DS when compared with clients who have SLI, whereas a similar pattern was found with clients who have ASD. Conclusions & Implications SLPs’ opinions could be one reason they under-address PM with clients who have DS. Other reasons include there are no evidence-based practice (EBP) guidelines on this topic, and there is not enough familiarity with the DS phenotype among SLPs. Future research on ways to address PM in clients with DS successfully are essential so that EBP guidelines can be established and language therapy can be made more effective.
Waste minimization practices among tourism businesses: A multi-year comparison☆

Abstract To date, research on waste minimization practices within the tourism industry focuses primarily on the hospitality sector, is geographically limited, and addresses practices cross-sectionally. In contrast, this study tracked waste minimization practices in various tourism industry sectors over time in the U.S. state of Minnesota. Online questionnaires distributed to tourism entities throughout the state in 2007, 2010 and 2013 inquired about implementation of twelve waste minimization practices: six eco-intelligent purchasing practices, two waste reduction practices, one practice that procures reusables, and three recycling-related practices. Nine practices were implemented by a moderate to high percentage of respondents. Over time, implementation of six practices significantly differed, with increases in five practices and a decrease in one. Implementation changes over time may be explained by ease of implementation, businesses' increased awareness, and availability of waste minimization infrastructure. Future research needs to understand rationales behind implementation and consider case studies to illustrate best practices.
To plan, or not to plan, is there even a question? A select annotated bibliography of urban studies periodicals focused on planning

A bibliography of periodicals focused on planning within the urban studies field is presented. The bibliography contains scholarly, trade, and popular titles. Each entry contains identical categories of information (where each category is applicable), including an annotation. The bibliography is meant to aid in collection development in this subject area.
Compliance with Medical Practice Guidelines: The Case of Home Oxygen

Standard and straight forward practice guidelines for administration of home oxygen therapy have been long established and widely accepted. Medical records for 418 patients prescribed home oxygen through hospital-based programs at seven Veterans Administration medical centers (VAMCs) were reviewed to determine compliance with practice guidelines at the time of initial and current prescriptions. Rates of appropriate prescription at some VAMCs were very high but were too low at other VAMCs, especially given the criteria's simplicity and clarity. Practice guidelines should be implemented in conjunction with regular review mechanisms or other controls in place to ensure compliance.
A high performance 0.35 /spl mu/m logic technology for 3.3 V and 2.5 V operation

A 0.35 /spl mu/m logic technology has been developed with high performance transistors and four layers of planarized interconnect. A 3.3 V BiCMOS version is used for compatibility with 3.3 V and 5.0 V I/Os. A 2.5 V CMOS version is used for increased performance, lower power and lower cost. 3.3 V CMOS devices have channel lengths of >
Hybrid damping for active front end converter

Breakthroughs in power electronics devices enabled the utilization of the IGBT as the main power switch in AFE converters and enabled the emergence of the fully controlled Active Front End, “AFE”, and low input harmonic solution. This solution employs voltage and current control loops and switching with relatively high switching frequencies of greater than 2 KHz in most applications. The AFE converter is usually connected to the grid through an LCL filter. In this paper, a hybrid technique is introduced to damp the resonance condition that may result due to the existence of the LCL filter. This technique relies on the concept of hybrid damping which combines the advantages of both active and passive damping previously introduced in literature. It will also be shown that the introduced technique overcomes previous limitations which renders this technique more practical and highly applicable to reliable industrial products.
Central Limit Theorem¶for Stochastic Hamilton–Jacobi Equations

We study the asymptotic behavior of \(\), where u solves the Hamilton–Jacobi equation ut+H(x,ux) ≡ 0 with H a stationary ergodic process in the x-variable. It was shown in Rezakhanlou–Tarver [RT] that uɛ converges to a deterministic function \(\) provided H(x,p) is convex in p and the convex conjugate of H in the p-variable satisfies certain growth conditions. In this article we establish a central limit theorem for the convergence by showing that for a class of examples, uɛ(x,t) can be (stochastically) represented as\(\) , where Z(x,t) is a suitable random field. In particular we establish a central limit theorem when the dimension is one and \(\), where ω is a random function that enjoys some mild regularity.
Data-Driven Simulation and Optimization for Incident Response in Urban Railway Networks

In this article we introduce an integrated agent-based train, passenger and incident simulation engine for data-driven incident response in urban railway networks. We model the movement of passengers and trains as individual agents behaving according to parsimonious models defined by data availability. Appropriate statistical routines are implemented for model calibration. We also design a generic incident model appropriate for typical localized mechanical failure scenarios in which the transport supply is adversely impacted in a short spatio-temporal window. Given the brief and localized nature of these events, a mathematical programming formulation is proposed, which computes the optimal action plan for a specific incident. The set of action plans considered includes re-scheduling existing train services as well as running temporary services. The numerical performance of the simulation engine is presented using a large dataset of real anonymized smart card data. The results of the proposed optimization framework are then evaluated using real incident scenarios.
High-efficiency non-mosaic CRISPR-mediated knock-in and indel mutation in F0 Xenopus

The revolution in CRISPR-mediated genome editing has enabled the mutation and insertion of virtually any DNA sequence, particularly in cell culture where selection can be used to recover relatively rare homologous recombination events. The efficient use of this technology in animal models still presents a number of challenges, including the time to establish mutant lines, mosaic gene editing in founder animals, and low homologous recombination rates. Here we report a method for CRISPR-mediated genome editing in Xenopus oocytes with homology-directed repair (HDR) that provides efficient non-mosaic targeted insertion of small DNA fragments (40-50 nucleotides) in 4.4-25.7% of F0 tadpoles, with germline transmission. For both CRISPR/Cas9-mediated HDR gene editing and indel mutation, the gene-edited F0 embryos are uniformly heterozygous, consistent with a mutation in only the maternal genome. In addition to efficient tagging of proteins in vivo, this HDR methodology will allow researchers to create patient-specific mutations for human disease modeling in Xenopus.
Signalized Intersections and Networks

Signalized intersections operate with the assistance of a traffic signal, and they cyclically assign the right-of-way to a movement or combination of movements. Ideally, the amount of time assigned to each combination of movements minimizes travel time and delay and/or the number of stops in the network and allocates capacity optimally. An arterial is a highway facility with a series of signalized intersections along its length, while an urban network or surface street network consists of a group of interconnected arterials and side streets.
Ambulatory Blood Pressure During Pregnancy

Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy represent a major cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Hypertension affects approx 10% of all pregnancies and is the second leading cause of maternal death in the United States (1,2). The diagnosis of hypertension in pregnancy has relied on the use of conventional in-office blood pressure (BP) screening measurements during prenatal visits. This method of BP assessment has come under scrutiny because of poor measurement techniques, observer error, and the possibility of white-coat hypertension, leading to misdiagnoses. Thus, out-of-office BP measurements using both self- (home) and ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) recently have been viewed as superior methods for detecting true hypertension. In fact, in the nonpregnant patient, ABPM has become a clinical standard for diagnosing and managing hypertension (3).
The Maturation of Lymphoid Tissue Structure and Function in Ontogeny

A number of structural organizations have been identified in the peripheral lymphoid tissues of man and animals. In encapsulated lymph nodes, these include a raore-or-less distinct division between cortex and medulla, the presence of primary lymphoid follicles and subsequently mature germinal centers, and a discrete interfollicular zone in the lymph node cortex. On a more functional basis, the lymph node has been divided geographically into “thymus-dependent regions”, concerned primarily with cellular immunologic events, and “bursa-dependent regions”, devoted presumably to the production of humoral antibody (1). The spleen is similarly, although less precisely, characterized by a white pulp and a red pulp, with germinal centers and their characteristic lymphocytic mantles prominent in the periarterial Malpighian bodies. Intense infiltrates of lymphocytes and plasma cells with or without germinal centers also characterize the wall of the intestinal tract, and here a special relationship has been postulated between the lymphoid germinal center and its superjacent epithelium (2). As was pointed out elsewhere in this symposium, however, all of the structural organizations and all of the functions normally attributed to organized lymphoid tissue may be duplicated at almost any other location within the body (3).
A Parameterization Study of Short Read Assembly Using the Velvet Assembler

In this study, we examine approaches to the problem of assembling large, contiguous sections of genetic code from short reads generated from laboratory techniques. We explore the Eulerian Path approach in detail, utilizing a de Bruijn Graph, and demonstrate current software technologies and algorithms using a sample genome. We investigate the input parameters of Velvet and discuss their implications.
The existential approach to place: Consequences for emotional experience

Abstract Few theories and little empirical work has examined specific relationships between kinds of environmental experience and emotional tendencies. We present an existential approach to place that integrates the theories of phenomenological geographers – Edward Relph (1976) and David Seamon (1979) – with those of holistic psychologists – Otto Rank (1945) and Andras Angyal (1965). This synthesis suggests that: (1) people vary in their dispositional sense of person-environment mergence (PEM) with, versus ruminative separation (RS) from, their daily locations; and (2) PEM should be associated with greater guilt proneness, while RS should be associated with greater anxiety proneness. We test this account by developing measures of PEM and RS using factor analytic and scale validation approaches (Study 1); by showing predictive relationships between our measures and extant measures of guilt and anxiety proneness (Study 2); and by experimentally manipulating person-environment mergence versus separation to produce causal effects on emotional experience (Study 3).
Pharmacological treatment of apathy in Lewy body disorders: A systematic review.

Abstract Introduction There are no approved treatments for apathy, a frequent and incapacitating symptom in Parkinson's disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). We reviewed the literature on the pharmacological treatment of apathy in PD and DLB to inform practice and future research. Method We searched PubMed and PsycINFO using the terms “apathy”, “treatment”, and “Parkinson” or “Lewy body (bodies).” The results were filtered for “clinical trials” and “case reports.” We included articles if apathy was measured as an outcome measure, before and after treatment. References of included articles were also reviewed. Results The PD search identified 19 articles: 13 randomized control trials (RCTs), 4 open-label studies, 1 case series, and 1 case report. Apathy was the primary outcome in 11 out of 19 studies. A decrease in apathy ratings was seen in 14 of the 19 studies. Of these 14 studies, 9 investigated medications with some dopaminergic effect. Three investigated acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) and found benefit in improving apathy. The DLB search identified 4 articles: 1 RCT, 2 open-label studies, and 1 case series. All 4 studies demonstrated decreased apathy and investigated AChEIs. Conclusions We identified 23 studies that assessed the pharmacological treatment of apathy. In PD, agents with dopaminergic activity were the most studied and appeared to have the most benefit. AChEIs also appeared to have benefit in both PD and DLB but were less studied. Future studies of apathy treatment would benefit from larger samples and standardized assessments of apathy to define study populations and endpoints.
Same-day Return to Play After Pediatric Athletes Sustain Concussions

Background: A rigid return to play criteria for athletes suffering from a concussion has been widely established for the pediatric population. Based on concussion guidelines released over the last decade and laws that have been established in most states, athletes are prohibited from returning to play if they display any signs or symptoms of concussion after an injury. Purpose: To identify how many pediatric athletes have returned to play on the same day as the initial injury. Methods: A retrospective review of 187 consecutive patients treated …
Abstract 438: Familial Cardiomyopathy Mutations Affect Mechanosensing at the Molecular and Cellular Levels

Familial cardiomyopathies are the leading cause of sudden cardiac death in young people, affecting more than 1 in 500 people. Two common forms, hypertrophic (HCM) and dilated (DCM) cardiomyopathies...
Analyzing the FFR: A tutorial for decoding the richness of auditory function.

Abstract The frequency-following response, or FFR, is a neurophysiological response to sound that precisely reflects the ongoing dynamics of sound. It can be used to study the integrity and malleability of neural encoding of sound across the lifespan. Sound processing in the brain can be impaired with pathology and enhanced through expertise. The FFR can index linguistic deprivation, autism, concussion, and reading impairment, and can reflect the impact of enrichment with short-term training, bilingualism, and musicianship. Because of this vast potential, interest in the FFR has grown considerably in the decade since our first tutorial. Despite its widespread adoption, there remains a gap in the current knowledge of its analytical potential. This tutorial aims to bridge this gap. Using recording methods we have employed for the last 20 + years, we have explored many analysis strategies. In this tutorial, we review what we have learned and what we think constitutes the most effective ways of capturing what the FFR can tell us. The tutorial covers FFR components (timing, fundamental frequency, harmonics) and factors that influence FFR (stimulus polarity, response averaging, and stimulus presentation/recording jitter). The spotlight is on FFR analyses, including ways to analyze FFR timing (peaks, autocorrelation, phase consistency, cross-phaseogram), magnitude (RMS, SNR, FFT), and fidelity (stimulus-response correlations, response-to-response correlations and response consistency). The wealth of information contained within an FFR recording brings us closer to understanding how the brain reconstructs our sonic world.
SEVERE HYPERCALCEMIA AFTER JOINT ARTHROSCOPY: CALCIUM SULFATE BEADS TO BLAME.

ABSTRACT Objective: To review the diagnosis and clinical course of a woman with severe, symptomatic hypercalcemia resulting from the use of calcium sulfate beads (CSBs) during orthopedic surgery fo...
Comparison of Surgical Outcomes and Recurrence Rates of Cystic and Solid Vestibular Schwannomas.

Objective Cystic vestibular schwannomas (CVSs) are anecdotally believed to have worse clinical and tumor-control outcomes than solid vestibular schwannomas (SVSs); however, no data have been reported to support this belief. In this study, we characterize the clinical outcomes of patients with CVSs versus those with SVSs. Design This is a retrospective review of prospectively collected data. Setting This study is set at single high-volume neurosurgical institute. Participants We queried a database for details on all patients diagnosed with vestibular schwannomas between January 2009 and January 2014. Main Outcome Measures Records were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed using univariate and multivariate analyses to study the differences in clinical outcomes and tumor progression or recurrence. Results Of a total of 112 tumors, 24% (n = 27) were CVSs and 76% (n = 85) were SVSs. Univariate analysis identified the extent of resection, Koos grade, and tumor diameter as significant predictors of recurrence (p ≤ 0.005). However, tumor diameter was the only significant predictor of recurrence in the multivariate analysis (p = 0.007). Cystic change was not a predictor of recurrence in the univariate or multivariate analysis (p ≥ 0.40). Postoperative facial nerve and hearing outcomes were similar for both CVSs and SVSs (p ≥ 0.47). Conclusion Postoperative facial nerve outcome, hearing, tumor progression, and recurrence are similar for patients with CVSs and SVSs. As CVS growth patterns and responses to radiation are unpredictable, we favor microsurgical resection over radiosurgery as the initial treatment. Our data do not support the commonly held belief that cystic tumors behave more aggressively than solid tumors or are associated with increased postoperative facial nerve deficits.
Confocal Imaging through a Multimode Fiber without Active Wave-Control

We demonstrate a method to reconstruct confocally gated reflection images acquired through a multimode fiber. It requires a series of distinct illumination patterns obtained by varying the proximal coupling of the illumination and enables fast volumetric imaging without physically focusing the light into the sample.
Fully-automated synthesis of 16β-18F-fluoro-5α-dihydrotestosterone (FDHT) on the ELIXYS radiosynthesizer

Noninvasive in vivo imaging of androgen receptor (AR) levels with positron emission tomography (PET) is becoming the primary tool in prostate cancer detection and staging. Of the potential (18)F-labeled PET tracers, (18)F-FDHT has clinically shown to be of highest diagnostic value. We demonstrate the first automated synthesis of (18)F-FDHT by adapting the conventional manual synthesis onto the fully-automated ELIXYS radiosynthesizer. Clinically-relevant amounts of (18)F-FDHT were synthesized on ELIXYS in 90 min with decay-corrected radiochemical yield of 29±5% (n=7). The specific activity was 4.6 Ci/µmol (170 GBq/µmol) at end of formulation with a starting activity of 1.0 Ci (37 GBq). The formulated (18)F-FDHT yielded sufficient activity for multiple patient doses and passed all quality control tests required for routine clinical use.
Effectiveness of Puberty Suppression with Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonists in Transgender Youth

Purpose: To analyze the effectiveness of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists (GnRHa) in suppressing the hypothalamic-pituitary gonadal (HPG) axis in transgender adolescents. Methods: Retrospect...
A Review of Online Dyslexia Learning Modules

This paper presents a comprehensive review of publicly available online dyslexia learning modules with a particular focus on the extent to which modules address the prevalent myth that dyslexia is caused by “backwards reading.” The authors conducted a systematic internet search to identify publicly available online dyslexia learning modules and coded the content across education, neurocognition, and policy disciplinary domains. We identified 18 topics across a small number (N=14) of publicly available modules that focused on dyslexia, with only two modules directly addressing this dyslexia myth. While both identified this myth as false, neither provided information about the neurocognitive underpinnings of dyslexia to explain why this myth is false. This review will be useful for guiding further development of online dyslexia learning modules which are urgently needed due to persisting misinformation about this disorder. The coded content reviews of each module will also be beneficial for directing attention to existing resources for professional development on dyslexia.
Flexible grid-based electrolysis hydrogen production for fuel cell vehicles reduces costs and greenhouse gas emissions

Abstract Hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) have been proposed as an option for lowering carbon dioxide (CO2) and pollutants emissions from the transportation sector, when implemented in combination with green hydrogen production methods such as water electrolysis powered by renewable electricity. FCEVs also have the added advantages of high specific energy density and rapid refueling, two important challenges that battery electric vehicles have not yet fully overcome. Moreover, flexible operation of electrolysis could support the grid and lower electricity costs. In this paper, we simulate time-varying FCEV hydrogen refueling demand for light, medium- and heavy-duty vehicles met using electrolysis systems distributed throughout the Western U.S. power system. We find that by oversizing electrolyzers the resulting load flexibility results in different hydrogen generation temporal profiles, average electricity costs, renewable curtailment levels, and CO2 emissions. Our results indicate that increasing hydrogen production flexibility lowers hydrogen and electricity generation cost and CO2 emissions, but there is a tradeoff between lowering operational cost and increasing electrolyzer capital cost, yielding a minimum total system cost at a size corresponding to between 80% and 90% annual capacity factor assuming a future electrolyzer cost of $300/kW.
Communication Infrastructure, Social Media, and Civic Participation across Geographically Diverse Communities in the United States

Despite a growing body of scholarship on Communication Infrastructure Theory (CIT), the applicability of CIT as an ecological approach in rural and suburban areas remains largely unexplored in comp...
Is Originalism A Fandom

Within the traditional terms of constitutional theory, the path of originalism and its interpretive community in recent decades is challenging to explain. Why has the number of self-described originalists increased over time despite the flaws and weaknesses of that approach to constitutional interpretation having been well documented over many years? Why do originalists persist in offering up inaccurate or misleading historical accounts after repeated challenges to that practice? Why would scholars seeking to defend recent progressive and inclusive case law want to rebrand evolving contemporary norms as somehow a form of historically grounded originalism? From an interdisciplinary perspective provided by scholarly work in the academic field of fan studies, however, the explanations readily come into focus. For at least the past half-century, originalism has played a prominent role in U.S. constitutional theory. For a quite similar length of time, Star Wars has been a popular culture phenomenon in the United States. Both involve highly contestable issues of interpretation of an iconic text, including the scope and solidity of its initial meanings and the evolution of the text itself over time. Both involve publicly prominent historical narratives that place disproportionate emphasis on certain individuals and influences, nostalgia for an inauthentic past in service of present objectives, and an undercurrent of backlash against changes that bring more inclusion and pluralism. Both demonstrate, in their own ways, the inevitability of interpretive disagreement and the impossibility of divining a singular objectively provable meaning when the text at issue not only contains numerous generalities and indeterminacies, but also carries a profound emotional, cultural, and personal significance to its interpreters and the broader community in which their interpretive analysis occurs. Consequently, while it may be more intuitive to associate a global media franchise like Star Wars with analysis of fandom, the dynamics present in originalist constitutional interpretation are really not so different. When viewed through the lens of this comparison, today’s originalism is not so much a constitutional theory as it is a fandom.
Transformational challenge reactor analysis to inform preconceptual core design decisions: Sensitivity study of transient analysis in a hydride-moderated microreactor

Abstract The Transformational Challenge Reactor (TCR) program aims to demonstrate a revolutionary design approach enabled by advanced manufacturing and data analytics in the design of nuclear reactors. This article discusses scoping analyses of preconceptual designs to inform TCR design decisions and the evaluation of sensitivities and uncertainties on postulated transient scenarios. The applicability of the systems codes TRACE and RELAP5-3D to TCR transient analysis are examined, and RELAP5-3D models are used to examine the transient response of two candidate core designs at multiple power levels. Then, the uncertainty quantification code RAVEN is used to quantify the effect of several design parameters on reactivity-initiated accident (RIA) progression at hot zero power (HZP) and hot full power (HFP) as well as to assess the impact of uncertainties in transient parameters for the pressurized loss of forced cooling (PLOFC). When results were compared, TRACE and RELAP5-3D showed good agreement in their ability to predict system behavior, but RELAP5-3D calculations were closer to analytical predictions for the RIA. Models for a PLOFC accident in two designs (a UO2 and TRISO core) at multiple power levels showed greater temperature margins for the TRISO core at all power levels. Using this information, along with other scoping analyses and constraints, the TCR design team selected a power level of 3 MWth and a TRISO-based core design. For this design RAVEN was applied to vary RIA parameters in RELAP5-3D models at HZP and HFP to understand the effect on figures of merit such as peak power, fuel and coolant temperature, and energy deposition. This sensitivity study found that the inserted reactivity worth was the most important parameter controlling all figures of merit, but for insertion up to 1.5$ no failure of TCR fuel is anticipated. For constant reactivity insertions, the magnitude of the fuel temperature coefficient was found to have the greatest effect on all figures of merit under most circumstances. These results not only demonstrate the anticipated robust safety of the proposed TCR fuel form but also provide a reference for future metal-hydride moderated systems to understand RIA behavior. In the PLOFC, the impact of heat transfer enhancement due to wavy flow channel effects dominated the variance in peak temperatures, and variations in heat exchanger elevation provided the greatest control on natural circulation flow rate. No fuel particle failure is anticipated in the PLOFC.
Atypical posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in a case of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura with Sjogren's syndrome

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a rare hematologic disorder characterized by thrombotic microangiopathy. Neurologic symptoms are frequently seen in its presentation and the most common finding on neuroimaging of TTP is posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES). Acute strokes, hemorrhages and atypical PRES are uncommonly seen. Our case reports the clinical and imaging details of a young male patient with TTP and Sjogren's syndrome, who made a complete recovery after aggressive plasmapheresis and immunosuppressive therapy with resolution of the imaging findings of PRES on follow up brain MR imaging. We briefly review the literature for the spectrum of imaging findings that can be seen on brain MRI with TTP.
“Small Teaching” with First-Year Undergraduate Students

This contribution to the forum on James Lang’s Small Teaching analyzes one instructor’s implementation of Lang's techniques in a world religions course for first-year undergraduate students. Two types of strategies are considered in depth: those that use prediction to help students acquire and retain knowledge of class material, as well as those that cultivate connections to previously mastered material and encourage active learning. For example, one activity asked students to use prediction as a tool for preparing for local guest speakers, helping to unsettle pre-existing stereotypes and assumptions. Another activity asked students to create concept maps to draw connections across religious traditions. Ultimately, the author argues that these “small teaching” strategies did not require substantial work or resources from the instructor or her students but went a long way in fostering learning and critical thinking. The insights gleaned from this article could be applied to other courses and teaching contexts.
The hippocampus constructs narrative memories across distant events

Life's events are scattered throughout time, yet we often recall different events in the context of an integrated narrative. Prior research suggests that the hippocampus, which supports memory for past events, can support the integration of overlapping associations or separate events in memory. However, the conditions that lead to hippocampus-dependent memory integration are unclear. We used functional brain imaging to test whether the opportunity to form a larger narrative (narrative coherence) drives hippocampal memory integration. During encoding of fictional stories, patterns of hippocampal activity, including activity at boundaries between events, were more similar between distant events that formed one coherent narrative, compared with overlapping events taken from unrelated narratives. One day later, the hippocampus preferentially supported detailed recall of coherent narrative events, through reinstatement of hippocampal activity patterns from encoding. These findings demonstrate a key function of the hippocampus: the integration of events into a narrative structure for memory.
Adapting the design of a Web-based decision support clinical trial during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The public health crises that emerged in the COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted the provision of medical care and placed sudden restrictions on ongoing clinical research. Patient-facing clinical research confronted unique challenges in which recruitment and study protocols were halted and then adapted to meet safety procedures during the pandemic. Our study protocol included the use of a Lung Cancer Screening Decision Tool (LCSDecTool) in the context of a primary care visit and was considerably impacted by the pandemic. We describe our experience adapting a multi-site clinical trial of the LCSDecTool within the Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System. We conducted a randomized controlled trial (RCT) comparing the LCSDecTool to a control intervention. Outcomes included lung cancer screening (LCS) knowledge, shared decision-making, and uptake and adherence to LCS protocol. We identified three strategies that led to the successful adaptation of the study design during the pandemic: (1) multi-level coordination and communication across the organization and study sites, (2) flexibility and adaptability in research during a time of uncertainty and changes in regulation, and (3) leveraging technology to deliver the intervention and conduct study visits, which raised issues concerning equity and internal and external validity. Our experience highlights strategies successfully employed to adapt an intervention and behavioral research study protocol during the COVID-19 pandemic. This experience will inform clinical research moving forward both during and subsequent to the constraints placed on research and clinical care during the COVID-19 pandemic.