cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Obesity and coronary risk in patients treated with second-generation antipsychotics

Weight gain leading to obesity is a frequent adverse effect of treatment with atypical antipsychotics. However, the degree of its independent contribution to the risk of coronary heart disease events in patients treated with these drugs has not been elucidated. The aim of this study is to determine whether obesity is an independent risk factor for the 10-year risk of coronary heart disease events in psychiatric patients treated with atypical antipsychotics. We used the Framingham method, which is based on age, gender, blood pressure, smoking, and plasma levels of total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, to estimate the 10-year risk of coronary heart disease events in patients treated with second-generation antipsychotics who were obese (N = 44; mean age 38.1 years, 54.5% men) or normal weight (N = 83; mean age 39.9 years, 47.0% men). Excluded were patients with metabolic syndrome and those taking antihypertensive, hypoglycemic, and lipid-lowering drugs. The 10-year risk of coronary artery disease events was very low and virtually identical in the obese and normal weight patients (2.3 ± 3.5 vs. 2.6 ± 4.6, P = 0.68), despite excess of 12 BMI units (P < 0.0001) and 15.7 cm waist circumference (P < 0.0001) in the obese. The risk was similar in obese and normal weight men (3.8 ± 5.9 vs. 2.8 ± 3.4, P = 0.45) and women (1.7 ± 3.7 vs. 1.5 ± 2.5, P = 0.83). The validity of the 10-year prediction for risk of coronary heart disease events in the mentally ill based on the Framingham score system requires prospective confirmation. Obesity does not appear to be an independent predictor for the 10-year risk of coronary heart disease events in patients without metabolic syndrome treated with second-generation antipsychotics.
Transfusion-related acute lung injury—does the anesthesiologist need to worry about this?

Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) is a complication associated with blood product administration. Although it is well described in the critical care and hematology literature, there is a paucity of information found in the anesthesiology literature. Because most transfusions are administered in the surgical arena, it is important that anesthesiologists be aware of TRALI and its clinical implications. We present a case of TRALI in a 55-year-old man who received a single unit of packed red blood cells during a single-level lumbar laminectomy. We also review the etiology, pathophysiology, and diagnostic criteria of TRALI.
Performance of an athlete with straight posterior knee instability

Isolated posterior ligamentous insufficiency of the knee frequently terminates an athlete's career and may even adversely affect the performance of tasks of daily living. Return to competitive athletics following surgical reconstruction for posterior instability is un usual. The pathophysiology of the lesion and a bio mechanical analysis are discussed. A case report of an athlete with a ruptured posterior cruciate ligament who is presently successfully competing in profes sional football is also presented. Rigorous quantitative techniques were employed to document the compen satory mechanisms involved. These consisted of ex tremely strong quadriceps muscles contracting much earlier than normal in the gait cycle. Earlier quadriceps contraction to increase dynamic stability in the knee is able to overcome the instability resulting from the incompetent posterior cruciate ligament.
A system design and rapid prototyping of wearable computers course

This paper describes a custom design approach as applied to power management in an innovative course on rapid prototyping of computer systems at Carnegie Mellon. We emphasize the importance of the choice of user interface modalities on power consumption of wearable computers. The paper identifies the major components of power consumption in a wearable computer, and evaluates their respective contributions to power consumption. We have quantified the power consumption of text-, graphics-, and speech-based interfaces, providing a guideline for the design of future wearable/mobile computer systems.
Colonic H+-K+-ATPase is induced and mediates increased HCO3− reabsorption in inner medullary collecting duct in potassium depletion

Colonic H + -K + -ATPase is induced and mediates increased HCO 3 − reabsorption in inner medullary collecting duct in potassium depletion. Background Potassium depletion increases HCO 3 − reabsorption in outer medullary collecting duct (OMCD) by activation of colonic (c) H-K-ATPase (HKA). The purpose of the current experiments was to examine the role of the isoforms of HKA in HCO 3 − reabsorption by terminal inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD) cells in potassium depletion. Methods Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a potassium-free diet and studied after 8 to 10days. mRNA expression of HKA isoforms in terminal portion of inner medulla was examined and correlated with HCO 3 − reabsorption in the terminal IMCD. Results Gastric (g) HKA mRNA decreased whereas colonic (c) HKA mRNA expression was heavily induced in terminal portion of inner medulla in potassium depleted rats. Net HCO 3 − flux (JtCO 2 ) in terminal IMCD increased in potassium depletion (4.56 to 7.06 pmol/min/mm tubule length, P 2 , whereas 10 μm Schering 28080 (SCH) decreased JtCO 2 to 2.4 ( P 2 to 4.9 ( P 2 to 3.3 ( P 2 in potassium depleted animals were not additive. Conclusions The data indicate that gHKA is suppressed whereas cHKA is induced in potassium depletion and mediates increased HCO 3 − reabsorption in terminal IMCD. The results further indicate that cHKA in vivo is sensitive to both SCH and ouabain.
A Review of Recent Algorithms and a New and Improved Cooperative Control Design for Generating a Phantom Track

For a team of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to deceive a radar network by generating a phantom track requires a high degree of cooperation due to: 1) dynamic constraints imposed mainly by the UAVs and 2) strong coupling caused by the phantom track. We first review three works that have addressed this problem, namely two one-step look-ahead algorithms and an optimal solution with full time horizon; original simulations of each are included. Second, since the one-step algorithms do not satisfy the UAV and/or phantom constraints in many cases, we design a new algorithm that does, as shown by simulations. Finally, we add a feasibility guarantee for the UAV constraints and modify the algorithm so that an operator can dynamically update the virtual waypoint for the phantom.
Patients With COPD With Higher Levels of Anxiety Are More Physically Active

Background Physical activity (PA) has been found to be an excellent predictor of mortality beyond traditional measures in COPD. We aimed to determine the association between depression and anxiety with accelerometry-based PA in patients with COPD. Methods We performed a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from 148 stable patients with COPD enrolled in an ongoing, longitudinal, observational study. We measured PA (total daily step count) with a Stepwatch Activity Monitor over 7 days, depression and anxiety with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scales (HADSs), dyspnea with the Shortness of Breath Questionnaire, and functional capacity with the 6-min walk test. Results Increased anxiety was associated with higher levels of PA such that for every one-point increase in the HADS-Anxiety score there was a corresponding increase of 288 step counts per day (β = 288 steps, P P = .02) only when anxiety was in the model. The interaction term for anxiety and depression approached significance (β = 26, P = .10), suggesting that higher levels of anxiety mitigate the negative effects of depression on PA. Conclusions The increased PA associated with anxiety in COPD is, to our knowledge, a novel finding. However, it is unclear whether anxious patients with COPD are more restless, and use increased psychomotor activity as a coping mechanism, or whether those with COPD who push themselves to be more physically active experience more anxiety symptoms. Future studies should evaluate for anxiety and PA to better inform how to improve clinical outcomes. Trial Registry Clinicaltrials.gov ; No.: NCT01074515 ; URL: www.clinicaltrials.gov
Fast approximation algorithms for multicommodity flow problems

All previously known algorithms for solving the multicommodity flow problem with capacities are based on linear programming. The best of these algorithms uses a fast matrix multiplication algorithm and takes O(k3.5n3m0.5 log(nDU)) time for the multicommodity flow problem with integer demands and at least O(k2.5n2m0.5 log(n��1DU)) time to find an approximate solution, where k is the number of commodities, n and m denote the number of nodes and edges in the network, D is the largest demand, and U is the largest edge capacity. As a consequence, even multicommodity flow problems with just a few commodities are believed to be much harder than single-commodity maximum-flow or minimum-cost flow problems. In this paper, we describe the first polynomial-time combinatorial algorithms for approximately solving the multicommodity flow problem. The running time of our randomized algorithm is (up to log factors) the same as the time needed to solve k single-commodity flow problems, thus giving the surprising result that approximately computing a k-commodity maximum-flow is not much harder than computing about k single-commodity maximum-flows in isolation. In fact, we prove that a (simple) k-commodity flow problem can be approximately solved by approximately solving O(k log2n) single-commodity minimum-cost flow problems. Our k-commodity algorithm runs in O (knm log4n) time with high probability. We also describe a deterministic algorithm that uses an O(k)-factor more time. Given any multicommodity flow problem as input, both algorithms are guaranteed to provide a feasible solution to a modified flow problem in which all capacities are increased by a (1 + �)-factor, or to provide a proof that there is no feasible solution to the original problem. We also describe faster approximation algorithms for multicommodity flow problems with a special structure, such as those that arise in "sparsest cut" problems and uniform concurrent flow problems.
ON THE INHIBITORY INFLUENCE OF EOSIN UPON SPORULATION.

Sporulation of B. anthracis, B. subtilis, B. cereus, B. ruminatus, B. mesentericus, B. anthracoides and B. megatherium does not take place in an agar medium containing eosin "Gelb" in a concentration exceeding 0.5 per cent. In a concentration of 0.1 per cent. most of these bacteria fail to produce spores. The greatest sensitiveness is shown by B. cereus and B. mesentericus. In a bouillon medium sporulation is likewise inhibited by eosin, but after a longer time—seven weeks or more—sporulation still occurs where the concentration of the dye equals one-tenth per cent. Sporulation of B. tetani, B. anthracis symptomaticus, B. botulismus, B. œdema maligni, B. enteritidis sporogenes, and B. putrificus does not take place in a medium containing eosin "Gelb" in concentrations exceeding 0.03 per cent. With these organisms, no difference was noted in the final effect, depending on the medium employed. No permanent loss of power to produce spores ensues with the bacteria tested even after long sojourn in the eosinized media. It may be stated that on the whole the inhibitory action of eosin was more pronounced upon the anaerobic than upon the aerobic species of bacteria employed in these experiments.
Targeting the Psychosexual Challenges Faced by Couples with Breast Cancer: Can Couples Group Psychotherapy Help?

The need for the psychosexual rehabilitation of breast cancer survivors and their intimate partners is underscored by the high prevalence of multiple psychosexual difficulties encountered by this patient population. Concerns about health, sexuality, and emotional distress are common among women with breast cancer and are often related to the side effects of cancer treatment. Additionally, both intimate relationship problems and partners’ distress are likely to influence patients’ psychosexual health. A clearer understanding of these complex clinical issues is needed in order to implement effective psychosexual rehabilitation interventions. In this article, we extended the use of the manualized and empirically validated Supportive-Expressive Group Therapy (SEGT) model to target the specific psychosexual needs of couples with breast (as well as other types of) cancer. In view of the pertinent literature in this area and based on our clinical experience utilizing this group therapy model with different patient populations, we have discussed how clinicians involved in the psychosexual care of oncology patients could apply such a model within a couples group therapy format.
Stacked integrated double-disks for cavity optomechanics

The coupling of mechanical oscillators and optical cavity modes through scattering forces has received considerable attention in recent years [1]. This interaction provides a way, through the principle of dynamic back action [2], to amplify [2,3] and cool mechanical motion [4–6]. It could also soon provide a practical means to entangle macroscopic mechanical motion with a variety of other quantum systems, including light [7,8]. To date, experimental work has relied upon the optical scattering force to create conditions necessary for observation of dynamical back action effects. However, alongside the scattering force there are also dipole optical forces that can furnish optomechanical coupling. These forces, also referred to as dispersive or gradient forces, have been used to control coupling of a waveguide to a resonator [9] and to couple pairs of waveguides [10,11]. In the present work, a stacked, double-disk whispering gallery system is demonstrated as a new means to cavity optomechanical phenomena. Dipole-force coupling between the disks creates optomechnical coupling, causing displacement of the disks and tuning of the underlying whispering gallery resonances. In comparison to scattering-force-based systems, this double-disk configuration has the significant advantage of providing a larger optomechanical coupling constant, independent of the cavity round trip length.
Introduction to Health Care Systems

This section of the notes is to introduce medical students to the organizational structure and economic basis of the American health care system. The background provided in this section will complement the other experiences and training in medical school and residency, and will enable students to respond to the challenges presented by the health care system as they enter into the practice of medicine. As students become practicing physicians, they will be a part of the continuous evolution of the American health care system and will need to possess a working knowledge of the organization, economics, and dynamics of the American health care system. This will be necessary to respond to
Solidarity and the Politics of Anti-Politics: Opposition and Reform in Poland since 1968

Preface Abbreviations 1. The Style of Solidarity Right and Left A Postmodern Politics 2. Civil Society and the "Third Road" Capitalism and Civil Society State Socialism and Civil Society The "Third Road" 3. The Genesis of Political Opposition in Poland: 1944-1970 Opposition in the Era of "People's Democracy" Stalinism and Post-Stalinism The Demise of Revisionism: 1968-1970 4. Opposition and Civil Society: 1970-1980 Late Post-Stalinism and the Turn to Civil Society Politics and the Reconstruction of Social Ties Anticipatory Democracy Politics and the Problem of the State 5. Politics, Anti-Politics, and the Beginnings of Solidarity Independent Unions: Government Resistance (Buying off strikers with wage increases Offering a reorganization of the old unions instead of the creation of new ones Trying to limit new unions to certain regions Repackaging old unions as new ones) Signs of Hope The Structure of Solidarity The Significance of Solidarity's First Period 6. Solidarity, Democracy, and Neocorporatism Neocorporatism and Democracy The Turn to Politics The August Turning Point Last Attempts at a Political Solution A Neocorporatist Proposal The Final Weeks 7. The Poverty of Martial Law: Limping Toward Reform Organizing an Underground Church and State Amnesty and Disarray The Right-Wing Critique of Solidarity Referendum and Reorganization The Party Moves Toward Reform Toward an Anti-Crisis Pact 8. The Viability of an Accord The Basis of Soviet Acceptance Poland and the "Spanish Road" Epilog: The New Solidarity Postscript Notes Bibliography Index
A comparison of two relaxation strategies for the relief of pain and its distress.

Abstract This study compares the effectiveness of guided imagery and progressive muscle relaxation in reducing pain and distress. Thirty adult oncologic patients in a large military hospital listened to two taped transcripts in random order; one used guided imagery and the other progressive muscle relaxation. Patients rated their pain and distress on a 10 cm analog scale before and after listening to each tape. The results indicated that both strategies were equally effective in reducing pain and distress in this small sample. The majority of patients expressed a preference for the progressive muscle relaxation technique. Nurses are encouraged to use these strategies in helping oncologic patients reduce pain and distress.
“Dedifferentiated” chordoma: A case report of the cytomorphologic findings on fine-needle aspiration

Chordomas are relatively rare neoplasms occurring at both ends of a neuro axis. The majority follow an indolent course of multiple local recurrences, ultimately leading to the patient's death. Rare examples have been associated with sarcomatous components, usually resembling malignant fibrous histiocytoma, fibrosarcoma, or osteosarcoma. These tumors have followed a more aggressive course, with poor response to treatment and death following a relatively short time course. Cytologic material from a single case obtained by fine-needle aspiration revealed a high-grade malignancy composed of short atypical spindle cells containing modest amounts of granular cytoplasm. Physaliphorous cells were absent, and myxoid material was not a significant component of the smears. Rare polygonal cells with foamy cytoplasm were identified. Histologic study revealed a high-grade spindle-cell sarcoma in which were scattered small aggregates of vacuolated cells resembling physaliphorous cells. Anaplastic giant cells were present, and the overall appearance of the neoplasm resembled a malignant fibrous histiocytoma. Despite the radiographic appearance of a conventional chordoma in this case, the cytologic findings were indicative of a high-grade sarcoma consistent with a dedifferentiated chordoma.
New telechelic polymers and sequential copolymers by polyfunctional initiator‐transfer agents (inifers). LIII. Lithiation of 2,4,4‐trimethyl‐1‐pentene and isopropylidene‐capped polyisobutylenes by butyllithiums in the presence of complexing agents

Lithiated isopropylidene-telechelic polyisobutylenes (i.e., PIBs capped with end groups) are most interesting novel intermediates for further transformations, e.g., functionalization, polymerization. This report concerns model lithiation experiments of 2,4,4-trimethyl-1-pentene (TM1P) that guided us toward the subsequent quantitative lithiation of isopropylidene-telechelic PIBs. Thus, lithiation of TM1P with, n-, s-, and t-butyllithium, in the presence of various complexing agents (i.e., TMEDA, t-BuOK, 1,2-DPE, CH3OCH2CH2OCH3, THF, and 12-crown-4) followed by silylation with Me3SiCl (for the purpose of quantitation) gave three products: 2(trimethylsilylmethyl)-4,4-dimethyl-1-pentene (TM1P-Si), 2(trimethylsilylmethyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-pentene (TM2P-Si2). The relative product composition strongly depends on the BuLi/complexing agent ratio and temperature. Among the different butyllithiums and complexing agents the best overall results were obtained with the s-BuLi/TMEDA combination. Complete lithiation of TM1P with minimum dilithiation was obtained using the molar ratio [s-BuLi]: [TMEDA]: [TM1P] = 2 : 2 : 1. The apparent activation energy of lithiation by s-BuLi/TMEDA was found to be 6.7 ± 0.8 kcal/mol. Guided by TM1P model experiments, quantitative monolithiation of isopropylidene-capped polyisobutylene (including ca. 4% chain and isomerization) was achieved using the molar ratio [s-BuLi] : [TMEDA] : [CC] = 5 : 4 : 1.
The Role of Osteopontin and Osteopontin Aptamer (OPN-R3) in Fibroblast Activity

Background Scarring is believed to be caused by both persistent inflammation and overexuberant fibroblast activation. Osteopontin (OPN) is a cytokine that promotes cell activation. The absence of OPN in vivo reduces dermal scarring. This suggests that OPN is involved in scar formation; however, how OPN exerts these pro-scarring effects is unknown. RNA aptamers are short RNA molecules that bind target proteins with high affinity. The aptamer OPN-R3 (R3) blocks OPN signaling. The role of R3 in preventing dermal fibrosis is unknown. Methods Fibroblast migration was analyzed with the use of Boyden Chambers and HEMA-3 staining. Inverted confocal microscopy was used to assess fibroblast focal adhesion length. Adhesion was measured by incubating fluorescently stained fibroblasts on OPN coated 96-well plates. CellTiter 96 AQueous non-radioactive cell proliferation assay was utilized to investigate the proliferative activity of fibroblasts. Free floating collagen lattices were utilized to assess fibroblast contractility. Results Human dermal fibroblasts migrated significantly in response to OPN. OPN did not induce a significant increase in focal adhesion length compared with controls. Adhesion studies demonstrated that OPN increased fibroblast adhesion. Proliferation assays indicate that OPN increased fibroblast growth. OPN increased fibroblast contractility of collagen lattices. The addition of R3 significantly inhibited OPN-induced activity. Conclusion OPN is associated with scar and exerts pro-scarring effects by increasing cellular migration, adhesion, proliferation, and contractility of human dermal fibroblasts. R3 prevents OPN mediated activity. OPN may be useful for promoting closure of non-healing wounds and the OPN specific aptamer, R3, may be useful for preventing fibrosis.
Environmental resistance of oxide tags fabricated on 304L stainless steel via nanosecond pulsed laser irradiation

Abstract Nanosecond pulsed laser irradiation was used to fabricate colored, mechanically robust oxide “tags” on 304L stainless steel. Immersion in simulated seawater solution, salt fog exposure, and anodic polarization in a 3.5% NaCl solution were employed to evaluate the environmental resistance of these oxide tags. Single layer oxides outside a narrow thickness range (~ 100–150 nm) are susceptible to dissolution in chloride containing environments. The 304L substrates immediately beneath the oxides corrode severely—attributed to Cr-depletion in the melt zone during laser processing. For the first time, multilayered oxides were fabricated with pulsed laser irradiation in an effort to expand the protective thickness range while also increasing the variety of film colors attainable in this range. Layered films grown using a laser scan rate of 475 mm/s are more resistant to both localized and general corrosion than oxides fabricated at 550 mm/s. In the absence of pre-processing to mitigate Cr-depletion, layered films can enhance environmental stability of the system.
Markets, Institutions and Transaction Costs

The current economic paradigm promoting the role of market institutions in the financial and economic governance in various regions and sectors has several valid justifications and some meaningful objections as well. It is important to appreciate complex interdependencies of institutions and their activities, and the evolution of norms of governance over time. Globalization or economic and financial integration that emerged during the 1990s has made both positive and negative contributions (for a critical review of globalization policies and effects see Baker et al, 1998 and Stiglitz, 2002). The role and limitations of globalization or expansion of markets globally deserve careful scrutiny in the financial sector in relation to the role of this sector in the attainment of development objectives of less developed areas of the society. Some of the implications of financial liberalization and globalization are discussed in chapter 4. The widely debated roles of the government institutions (including regulatory regimes) in contrast to those of market institutions are an excessive simplification of the underlying processes. What is relevant is a judicious combination of government institutions and market as well as other private institutions built on a sound judicial system and the rule of law.
DEPERSONALIZATION IN THE FACE OF LIFE-THREATENING DANGER: A DESCRIPTION.

(1976). Depersonalization in the Face of Life-Threatening Danger: A Description. Psychiatry: Vol. 39, No. 1, pp. 19-27.
EVIDENCE FOR Y$sub 4$ DEFORMATION IN $sup 20$Ne AND OTHER s--d SHELL NUCLEI.

The sign and magnitude of the haxadecapole deformation in $^{20}\mathrm{Ne}$ is determined from measurements of the inelastic scattering of 24.5-MeV protons. A coupled-channels analysis yields a value for ${\ensuremath{\beta}}_{4}$ of + 0.28. A similar analysis of other available data in the $s\ensuremath{-}d$ shell suggests a large hexadecapole deformation in $^{28}\mathrm{Si}$ (+0.25) and $^{32}\mathrm{S}$ (+0.25); $^{24}\mathrm{Mg}$ is found to have a ${Y}_{4}$ moment close to zero.
Research Note: Improved Efficiency of Egg Collection and Data Analysis Using TRS-80 Model 100 Portable Computer

Abstract A software program for recording production data directly into a small, hand-held, battery-operated computer is described. The advantage of the computerized egg production data collection and analysis is an overall savings in labor and a reduction of clerical errors. Time required for statistical analysis and summary of results is significantly reduced. The system’s main component is a small, portable, battery-operated, programmable, hand-held computer.
Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo in 2 Children: A Case Series.

PURPOSE The purpose of this case report is to present the cases of 2 boys with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). KEY POINTS Patient A (11 years old) and Patient B (9 years old) had complaints of vertigo with position changes. Both exhibited left torsion upbeating nystagmus in the left Dix-Hallpike (DH) test and complaints of vertigo with reproduction of their symptoms, indicating BPPV. Both were treated with a left canalith repositioning maneuver and reported decreased incidence of positional vertigo upon reevaluation. Scores on the Dizziness Handicap Inventory and the Visual Analog Scale for Dizziness decreased after treatment for 1 of the boys. CONCLUSION Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo is considered rare in children. Migraines may also cause vertigo. Differential diagnosis in these cases was made by performing the DH test. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR CLINICAL PRACTICE Children with vertigo should be screened for BPPV through use of history taking, and the DH test.
Modal analyses of dynamics of a deformable multibody spacecraft - The Space Station: A continuum approach

Hari B. Hablanit Rockwell International, Seal Beach, California Two new classes of modes for multibody, deformable spacecraft are presented: (1) IRB (internal rigid body degrees of freedom)unconstrained modes and (2) IRB-constrained modes. Both modes are defined for a spacecraft completely free in space; in addition, the former modes refer to free hinges and the latter to locked hinges. Associated eigenvalue problems and orthogonality properties are developed and utilized to arrive at remarkably simple equations of motion because, with these modes, the translational and rotational deformation at a hinge can be accounted for simply. Modal momenta1 coefficients associated with both classes of modes represent succinctly the linear and angular momentum of the vehicle and the angular momentum of the hinged bodies. These coefficients play a pivotal role in discretization of partial differential equations governing the dynamics. In this paper, the modes have arisen in connection with the Space Station, and considerable generality is invested in the analysis: elastic deformation is three-dimensional; structures have arbitrary geometry and obey Hooke's law of elasticity; and hinges are universal joints. A continuum formulation of dynamics of the Space Station with a mobile manipulator is also presented.
π-Complexes of the transition metals

Abstract The products formed by the action of p -tolylmagnesium bromide on CrCl 3 -(THF) 3 , ratio 3:1 in diethyl ether, and in the rearrangement of tri- p -tolylchromium in diethyl ether suspension have been isolated and characterized. The significance of these results with respect to the mechanism of the rearrangement of σ-bonded organochromium compounds is discussed.
Fluorescence Lifetime Techniques In Clinical Applications

This presentation will review new developments in clinical-compatible imaging spectroscopy fluorescence lifetime techniques. The application of these techniques to in-vivo diagnosis of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and cancer will be presented.
Summary Research on Civic Charitable Giving Behavior

As a cornerstone of national Philanthropy,domestic and foreign scholars paid more and more attention to civic charitable donations.Currently the scholars explained the importance of civic charity donation,and focused on the study of the civil status and problems of charitable giving.Then the scholars explored influencing factors of civic charitable giving behavior and they made recommendations to promote civic to do more charity.
Home oxygen therapy for treatment of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

There is good evidence that the addition of home long-term continuous oxygen therapy for COPD increases survival rates in patients with severe hypoxemia (i.e., O2 saturation of less than 90 percent or partial pressure of arterial oxygen [PaO2] of less than 8 kPa per 60 mm Hg) but not in patients with moderate hypoxemia or nocturnal desaturation.
Oxygen Consumption of Erythrocytes from Patients with Various Thyroid Conditions Related to Their Respective Serum Protein—Bound Iodine Concentrations

Blood was obtained from patients who were divided into four groups: (A) euthyroid, (B) untreated hyperthyroid, (C) iodine-treated hyperthyroid and (D) hypothyroid. The erythrocytes from each patient group were washed and resuspended in Krebs-phosphate solution for study by the Warburg respirometric technic. When the erythrocytes obtained from patient groups B, C and D are compared with group A (control), a +92 per cent, +23 per cent and -15 per cent change is noted, respectively, in their mean Q O O2 values when Q O O2 values for erythrocytes for each patient in each patient group (excluding group C) are plotted relative to their respective serum PBI concentration (µg. per cent), a curve of exponential order appears to be the curve of best probable fit for these data. The mean Q O O2 value for the iodine-treated hyperthyroid group falls on the ordinate of this curve (fig. 1) between the euthyroid and untreated hyperthyroid groups, though the mean serum PBI value (abscissa), of course, has no meaning for this group.
Human DNA Topoisomerase I: Structure, Enzymology and Biology

Human topoisomerase I (Top1) catalyzes the reversible cleavage of one strand of DNA to provide swivels to relax the supercoils associated with DNA replication, transcription, and chromatin assembly. The cleavage reaction occurs with the covalent attachment of an active-site tyrosine to the 3′ end of the broken strand; religation restores continuity to the DNA and releases the enzyme. During the cleaved state, relaxation of torsionally strained supercoils occurs by a controlled rotation mechanism. X-ray crystal structures of the enzyme with bound DNA combined with single-molecule experiments provide insights into the chemistry, specificity, and dynamics of the DNA relaxation process. A failure of Top1 to carry out religation at DNA lesions or in the presence of drugs such as camptothecin causes DNA damage that must be repaired if the cell is to survive. The list of proteins known to interact with Top1 suggests that the enzyme has functions in vivo that extend well beyond the previously characterized roles in replication, transcription, and chromatin assembly.
Disability Life Writing and the Problem of Dependency in The Autobiography of Gaby Brimmer

Independence was a core value of the movement for disability rights. People with disabilities did not have to be dependent, advocates claimed; they were robbed of autonomy by poverty, social prejudice, and architectural barriers. Recently, critics have noted that the emphasis on independence equates personhood with autonomy, reason, and self-awareness, thereby excluding those who are incapable of self-determination. The stigma of dependency is communicated to caregivers whose work is devalued and undercompensated. These values are echoed in the life writing of people with disabilities, which tends to present a singular narrative voice, even when the author requires assistance in the physical or intellectual work of composition. The 1979 Mexican memoir-testimonio Gaby Brimmer, collaboratively authored by the acclaimed journalist Elena Poniatowska, Brimmer, her mother, and her paid caregiver is a notable exception. Consisting of interwoven dialogue among its three informants, Gaby Brimmer enacts dependency at the level of form, while exploring the challenges and opportunities of interdependence in societies that devalue the giving and receiving of care.
A cascade of multiple proteins and lipids catalyzes membrane fusion.

Recent studies suggest revisions to the SNARE paradigm of membrane fusion. Membrane tethers and/or SNAREs recruit proteins of the Sec 1/Munc18 family to catalyze SNARE assembly into trans-complexes...
Boxed-in:: Top managers' propensities during crisis issue diagnosis

Abstract A key task of crisis preparedness is to diagnose those crisis issues that could threaten an organization in the future. Existing models, however, have focused on diagnosing issues that are already apparent versus those that may occur in the future. As a result, we lack understanding of the processes involved in such diagnosis and the barriers that constrain this process. This paper describes envisioning, noticing, and interpretation as critical processes involved in diagnosing potential crises. It also suggests that during such diagnosis, top managers have a propensity to focus on particular types of crises and be blind to others. Implications for practice and future research are discussed.
Fibre channel standards, architecture, and structures

Our objectives for today are to review the information systems requirements driving the development of Fibre Channel; examine the structure of Fibre Channel; look at the current active industry program; and examine systems architectures and applications. Each section will guide the participant through the rich landscape that is Fibre Channel. We will proceed interactively with questions welcome.
Non-Mammalian Vertebrates: Distinct Models to Assess the Role of Ion Gradients in Energy Expenditure.

Animals store metabolic energy as electrochemical gradients. At least 50% of mammalian energy expenditure is used to maintain electrochemical gradients across the inner mitochondrial membrane (H+), the sarcoplasmic reticulum (Ca++), and the plasma membrane (Na+/K+). The potential energy of these gradients can be used to perform work (e.g. transport molecules, stimulate contraction, release hormones) or can be released as heat. Because ectothermic species adapt their body temperature to the environment, they are not constrained by energetic demands that are required to maintain a constant body temperature. In fact, ectothermic species expend 7-8 times less energy than similarly sized homeotherms. Accordingly, ectotherms adopt low metabolic rates to survive cold, hypoxia, and extreme bouts of fasting that would result in energy wasting, lactic acidosis and apoptosis, or starvation in homeotherms, respectively. Ectotherms have also evolved unique applications of ion gradients to allow for localized endothermy. Endothermic avian species, which lack brown adipose tissue, have been integral in assessing the role of H+ and Ca++ cycling in skeletal muscle thermogenesis. Accordingly, the diversity of non-mammalian vertebrate species allows them to serve as unique models to better understand the role of ion gradients in heat production, metabolic flux, and adaptation to stressors including obesity, starvation, cold, and hypoxia.
History of continental growth

Are continents growing? Geologists offer extreme points of view in answer to this question. One school proposes that the subduction process recycles at least 1.5 km3/yr of crustal rock into the mantle. Because this is approximately equal to the production volume of igneous material in island arcs and above hotspots, it would suggest that the volume of continental-type rock is in a steady state. An opposing viewpoint holds that little or no material is recycled into the mantle, and therefore the volume of continental-type rock must be growing. The heart of the issue is understanding the nature of lithologic recycling. Within the crustal domain, lithologic recycling involves both multiple cycles of resedimentation and anatectic processes where sediment is melted and reintroduced as an igneous product. But does exchange take place between the crust and mantle, or is recycling of rocks principally an intracrustal phenomenon? In trying to answer this question, we must make a distinction between oceanic and continental crust.
Histological features of ileitis differentiating pediatric Crohn disease from ulcerative colitis with backwash ileitis.

Abstract Background/aim Pediatric ileocolonic Crohn disease (CD) may be difficult to distinguish from ulcerative colitis (UC) with backwash ileitis (BWI). The primary aim of the study was to determine the probability of CD in children with a confluent colitis and ileitis when newly diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Methods A retrospective observational study of 100 newly diagnosed patients with IBD was performed. Two pathologists reviewed ileal biopsy specimens for 8 histological features. Biopsy and clinical features were evaluated for predictive ability of a final diagnosis of CD. Results The presence of crypt distortion, lamina propria (LP) expansion, and acute LP inflammation combined with 4 clinical variables in multivariate regression analysis had adequate discriminative validity when comparing the mean probability of a final CD diagnosis between CD and not-CD groups (0.90 vs. 0.59, p value Conclusions Combining histological features of ileitis and clinical variables can adequately discriminate between the presence and absence of Crohn disease in children who present with confluent colitis and ileitis. Combined presence of certain histological features has high specificity for CD.
The internal head protein Gp16 controls DNA ejection from the bacteriophage T7 virion.

Abstract A wild-type T7 virion ejects about 850 bp of the 40 kb genome into the bacterial cell by a transcription-independent process. Internalization of the remainder of the genome normally requires transcription. Inhibition of transcription-independent DNA translocation beyond the leading 850 bp is not absolute but the time taken by a population of phage genomes in overcoming the block averages about 20 minutes at 30°C. There are additional blocks to transcription-independent translocation and less than 20 % of infecting DNA molecules completely penetrate the cell cytoplasm after four hours of infection. Mutant virions containing an altered gene 16 protein either prevent the blocks to transcription-independent DNA translocation or effect rapid release from blocking sites and allow the entire phage DNA molecule to enter the cell at a constant rate of about 75 bp per second. This rate is likely the same at which the leading 850 bp is ejected into the cell from a wild-type virion. All mutations fall into two clusters contained within 380 bp of the 4 kb gene 16 , suggesting that a 127 residue segment of gp16 controls DNA ejection from the phage particle. We suggest that this segment of gp16 acts as a clamp to prevent transcription-independent DNA translocation.
Techniques for Cultivating Methanogens

Abstract Basic techniques for the cultivation of methanogenic archaea in anoxic media, where the O/R potential is maintained below (−) 330 mV under a pressurized atmosphere of 20% carbon dioxide, are described.
Geographical Differences in the Rates of Angiographic Restenosis and Ischemia-Driven Target Vessel Revascularization After Percutaneous Coronary Interventions: Results From the Prevention of Restenosis With Tranilast and its Outcomes (PRESTO) Trial

Geographical Differences in the Rates of Angiographic Restenosis and Ischemia-Driven Target Vessel Revascularization After Percutaneous Coronary Interventions: Results From the Prevention of Resten...
Vascular Physics: Explaining the Nature of Escape Veins and When to Use Endovascular Ligation

Small branching veins that arise from the venous outflow of surgical arterial-venous fistulas (AVFs) are frequently seen during fistulograms performed to evaluate for poorly functioning AVFs. It is hypothesized that the presence of escape veins can decrease the performance of native AVFs during hemodialysis by diverting flow. Though interventional methods for exclusion of escape veins are effective, the mechanism of disruption these small branching vessels cause on flow through AVFs is unknown. Furthermore, an objective method for identifying escape veins that cause significantly diminished venous flow has not been defined. The following describes the detrimental nature of escape veins using tenants of physics and electrical circuitry. Subsequently, the proceeding study shows the identification of small branching escape veins in patients during fistulography. Intravascular pressure measurements were obtained proximal and distal to the ostium of the offending collaterals in these patients. Escape veins causing a pressure gradient of at least 5 mmHg were treated, and pressure measurements were repeated following intervention. The patients were entered into a database and hemodialysis blood flow rates were monitored to determine if escape vein intervention increased AVF performance.
Survival of Brettanomyces bruxellensis in grape pomace and reduction of populations by application of heat and sulfites

Background and Aims Spreading grape pomace in vineyards could promote dispersal of the spoilage yeast, Brettanomyces bruxellensis. Thus, we evaluated the ability of this yeast to survive in inoculated pomace stored at variable temperature as well as in regional vineyards. Methods and Results Three strains of B. bruxellensis were inoculated into Syrah or Merlot pomace which was stored at 21, 10, 0, or –18°C. All strains maintained ≥104 colony‐forming units (CFU)/mL at 21 or 10°C for 10 weeks but declined to ≤103 CFU/mL when incubated at 0 or –18°C. Additional Syrah pomace, half sterilised by gamma irradiation, was inoculated with B. bruxellensis, placed into sterilised bottles capped with 0.22 μm filters, and placed into three vineyards. Overall, the yeast population increased or decreased with varying seasonal temperature but remained viable (~103 CFU/mL) for up to 130 weeks regardless of vineyard location. Non‐sterilised pomace generally had a population lower than that of sterilised samples and yielded wide variations in population corresponding to seasons. The recovery of Brettanomyces from infected pomace was reduced, if not prevented, by heating to ≥50°C and adding 45 mg/L total SO2. Conclusions As B. bruxellensis can survive at least 130 weeks in pomace, infected winery waste dispersed in vineyards may serve as a reservoir for the continued contamination of grape harvests. Such contamination can be minimised by heating potentially infected pomace to ≥50°C for at least 10 min and adding sulfites is recommended. Significance of the Study Long‐term survival of B. bruxellensis in pomace was established and microbial control strategies using heat and sulfites demonstrated.
Description and characterization of a hair coat disorder in schipperkes.

BACKGROUND Schipperkes develop bilaterally symmetrical alopecia preceded by lightening of the hair coat not associated with systemic clinical signs. The alopecia is presumptively diagnosed as Alopecia X but has never been investigated. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to describe clinical features, histopathological and laboratory abnormalities associated with symmetrical, noninflammatory alopecia in schipperkes. ANIMALS Three healthy and eight affected schipperkes. METHODS AND MATERIALS Complete blood count (CBC), serum chemistry panel, urinalysis (UA), urine cortisol: creatinine ratio (UCCR), total thyroxine (T4 ), free thyroxine by equilibrium dialysis (fT4 ed), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and pre- and post-stimulation cortisol with sex hormone analyses were performed for all dogs. A minimum of two skin biopsy sites were sampled for histopathological evaluation. RESULTS The CBC, serum chemistry panel, UA, T4 , fT4 ed, TSH and post-ACTH cortisol concentrations were normal for all dogs. Androstenedione concentrations were increased for all dogs; two of three healthy and five of eight affected dogs had increased post-ACTH androstenedione concentrations. Estradiol concentrations were increased for all healthy and four of eight affected dogs, with post-ACTH estradiol concentrations increased for all healthy and five of eight affected dogs. Progesterone concentrations were increased for two of three healthy and four of eight affected dogs. Post-ACTH progesterone concentrations were increased for one of three healthy and four of eight affected dogs. For one of three healthy and two of eight affected dogs, 17-hydroxyprogesterone concentrations were increased; post-ACTH 17-hydroxyprogesterone concentrations were increased in three of eight affected dogs only. Histopathology results from affected dogs were consistent with hair cycle arrest. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE This disorder resembles Alopecia X clinically and histologically.