cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
METHOD TO PARTITION BETWEEN ATTACHED AND UNATTACHED E. COLI IN RUNOFF FROM AGRICULTURAL LANDS

: Remediation of waters impaired by bacterial indicators is usually dictated by total maximum daily load plans, which are heavily dependent on fate and transport modeling of bacterial indicators. Nonpoint source pollution models are most frequently used to assess bacterial transport to surface waters and most models typically simulate bacterial transport as a dissolved pollutant. Previous studies have found that cells preferentially attach to sediments; however, a variety of techniques have been used to assess attachment including filtration, fractional filtration, and centrifugation. In addition, a variety of chemical and physical dispersion techniques are used to release attached and bioflocculated cells from particulates. Here we developed and validated an easy-to-replicate laboratory procedure for separation of unattached from attached E. coli which will also identify particle sizes to which E. coli preferentially attach. Physical and chemical dispersion techniques were evaluated and a combined hand shaker treatment for 10 min followed by dilutions in 1,000 mg/l of Tween 85 significantly increased total E. coli concentrations by 31% when compared with a control. In order to separate unattached from attached fractions, two commonly used techniques, fractional filtration, and centrifugation were combined. The filtration and centrifugation treatments did not reduce E. coli concentrations when compared with a control (p > 0.05), indicating that damage was not inflicted upon the E. coli cells during the separation procedure.
Psychological Reactance as a Factor in Patient Noncompliance With Medication Taking: A Field Experiment1

Patient noncompliance with medical recommendations is widespread. The theory of psychological reactance sheds light on the subject. Reactance theory posits that when an individual discems a threat to a valued freedom, a motivational state compels the individual to reassert that freedom. The present study sought evidence of reactance in the compliance behaviors of 101 patients. Participants were exposed to either an authoritative-oriented or a partnership-oriented advice-giving tone, coupled with either an opportumity for the participant to select certain features of the regimen or no opportunity to do so. While neither manipulation produced the anticipated causal results, both quantitative and qualitative correlational data clearly revealed a connection between reactance and noncompliance. The investigators report findings and make suggestions for further research.
The Speed of Light

Numerous measurements of the speed of light published during the last 30 years lead to widely divergent results as compared with the assigned experimental uncertainties. Because of wide diversity in the methods employed in the measurements, all of the data may not be combined effectively in a grand average. Sufficient data had been obtained by the geodimeter method to group them and derive a statistical estimate of the uncertainty in the speed of light by this method. This result, and conclusions reached from careful examination of several experiments, leads to the conclusion that the value 299,792.5 km which has been internationally adopted for use in radio propagation and geodetic work is very close to the best value and not likely to be in error by as much as one part in one million.
Ion exchanged ultrastable Y zeolites: I. Formation and structural characterization of lanthanum-hydrogen exchanged zeolites

Abstract The preparation, composition and structural characteristics of a variety of lanthanum-hydrogen exchanged ultrastable Y zeolites (La,H-USY) is described and discussed. A general discussion of reactions taking place between acidic metal salt solutions and USY zeolites is also presented. La,H-USY zeolites were prepared by two methods: (a) acid treatment of ultrastable Y zeolites at controlled pH followed by lanthanum exchange; (b) treatment of ultrastable Y zeolites with acidic solutions of lanthanum salts at controlled pH. The resulting materials have high thermal and hydrothermal stability. They possess both Bronsted and Lewis type acidity. The infrared spectra of La,H-USY zeolites in the OH stretching region and in the framework vibrational region are described. The spectra are similar to those of ultrastable Y zeolites. The effect of steaming on the zeolitic structure, as reflected in the infrared spectra, is discussed.
The Effect of Friction on the Forward Dynamics Problem

This article discusses the numerical solution of the forward dynamic equations of an n-degree-of-freedom manipulator with friction. Also discussed are the modeling and experimen tal identification of friction. It is shown that the inclusion of Coulomb-type friction in the dynamic equations introduces two difficulties in the forward dynamic solution. The differential equations are shown to be discontinuous in the highest-order derivative terms. In addition, the load dependency of this type of friction typically causes the equations to be implicit in the joint accelerations. For the important case of load-dependent transmission friction, the equations can be explicit. Techniques for the forward solution are described through the example of a roller screw transmission. Experimental and simulation results are used to show the importance of load-dependent friction in a particular robot.
Rate coefficients and ClO radical yields in the reaction of O(1D) with CClF2CCl2F, CCl3CF3, CClF2CClF2, and CCl2FCF3

Rate coefficients, k, and ClO radical product yields, Y, for the gas-phase reaction of O(1D) with CClF2CCl2F (CFC-113) (k2), CCl3CF3 (CFC-113a) (k3), CClF2CClF2 (CFC-114) (k4), and CCl2FCF3 (CFC-114a) (k5) at 296 K are reported. Rate coefficients for the loss of O(1D) were measured using a competitive reaction technique, with n-butane (n-C4H10) as the reference reactant, employing pulsed laser photolysis production of O(1D) combined with laser-induced fluorescence detection of the OH radical temporal profile. Rate coefficients were measured to be k2 = (2.33 ± 0.40) × 10−10 cm3 molecule−1 s−1, k3 = (2.61 ± 0.40) × 10−10 cm3 molecule−1 s−1, k4 = (1.42 ± 0.25) × 10−10 cm3 molecule−1 s−1, and k5 = (1.62 ± 0.30) × 10−10 cm3 molecule−1 s−1. ClO radical product yields for reactions (2)–(5) were measured using pulsed laser photolysis combined with cavity ring-down spectroscopy to be 0.80 ± 0.10, 0.79 ± 0.10, 0.85 ± 0.12, and 0.79 ± 0.10, respectively. The quoted errors in k and Y are at the 2σ (95% confidence) level and include estimated systematic errors. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.* Int J Chem Kinet 43: 393–401, 2011
Haplosporidium simulii sp. n. (Haplosporida. Haplosporidiidae). Parasitic in larvae of Simulium venustum Say.

Haplosporidium simulii sp. n. is described. H. simulii infects larvae of the black fly Simulium venustum in Pennsylvania. A detailed comparison of the spore characteristics of H. simulii to the characteristics of spores of Haplosporidium tipulae from larval craneflies was made. Spores of H. simulii measure 4.84 × 3.59 μ, or a little more than twice as large as spores of H. tipulae, the only other Haplosporidium known to infect dipterans.
Voltage Sensor Movements

The voltage dependence of K+, Na+, and Ca2+ channels is brought about by a voltage sensor that moves ∼12–13 e across the entire electric field ([Schoppa et al., 1992][1]; [Hirschberg et al., 1996][2]; [Noceti et al., 1996][3]). In the case of Shaker K+ channel it is known which residues are
Friction Fluctuations and Friction Memory in Stick-Slip Motion.

We demonstrate that friction is not always an exact number. In a simple lubricated system (atomically smooth mica separated by molecularly thin films of squalane), sinusoidal shear forces were applied for millions of cycles. The kinetic friction increased steadily over repetitive cycles and collapsed intermittently to the average value. Individual slip cycles also consisted of a cascade of smaller slip events. The distribution of fluctuation size and duration followed a power law.
SIX BALB/c IgA MYELOMA PROTEINS THAT BIND ß-(1 → 6)-D-GALACTAN PARTIAL AMINO ACID SEQUENCES AND IDIOTYPES

Six IgA myeloma proteins of BALB/c origin which bind antigens containing s-(1 → 6)-D-galactan side chains have been isolated by affinity chromatography on galactoside-BSA-Sepharose columns. Partial amino acid sequences of of the light chains to residue Cys23 and the heavy chains to reside 30 were determined on the automated sequencer. No differences were found among the six VK sequences. Among some 50 partial VK sequences that have thus far been determined these six chains are the only ones thus far identified in this subgroup; at least 25 VK subgroups in the mouse have been identified so far. The heavy chain partial sequences were also very closely related but two differences were found. One protein differed from the other five by having isoleucine instead of leucine at position 5, a second protein differed from the others by having an unidentified amino acid at position 19. Using the highly sensitive inhibition of hemagglutination method it was found that each of the proteins possessed a unique inidividual antigenic determinant.
Electric load forecasting using parallel RBF neural network

Electric load forecasting plays a critical role for the reliable and efficient operation of power grids. In this paper we propose a load forecasting model using parallel radial basis function neural networks (RBFNN). The proposed implementation of RBFNN allows parallel computation therefore expedites the convergence of training process. The proposed model also employs a new hybrid chaotic genetic algorithm which introduces small scale chaotic variations into the best fit individuals in each iteration to locate an optimal set of parameters in RBFNN. We experiment the proposed load forecasting model with realistic demand data collected from both micro-grid as well as bulk grid levels, i.e., a local institutional micro-grid and one utility in the UK national grid. It is found that both cases can achieve acceptable forecasting accuracy with average error rate smaller than 4%, while forecasting the micro-grid load is more challenging than that of the bulk grid load due to the intermittent fluctuations within the former.
Lipid phase control of DNA delivery.

Cationic lipids form nanoscale complexes (lipoplexes) with polyanionic DNA and can be utilized to deliver DNA to cells for transfection. Here we report the correlation between delivery efficiency of these DNA carriers and the mesomorphic phases they form when interacting with anionic membrane lipids. Specifically, formulations that are particularly effective DNA carriers form phases of highest negative interfacial curvature when mixed with anionic lipids, whereas less effective formulations form phases of lower curvature. Structural evolution of the carrier lipid/DNA complexes upon interaction with cellular lipids is hence suggested as a controlling factor in lipid-mediated DNA delivery. A strategy for optimizing lipofection is deduced. The behavior of a highly effective lipoplex formulation, DOTAP/DOPE, is found to conform to this “efficiency formula”.
PASADENA hyperpolarization of 13C biomolecules: equipment design and installation.

Object The PASADENA method has achieved hyperpolarization of 16–20% (exceeding 40,000-fold signal enhancement at 4.7 T), in liquid samples of biological molecules relevant to in vivo MRI and MRS. However, there exists no commercial apparatus to perform this experiment conveniently and reproducibly on the routine basis necessary for translation of PASADENA to questions of biomedical importance. The present paper describes equipment designed for rapid production of six to eight liquid samples per hour with high reproducibility of hyperpolarization.
Exploring Primary and Secondary Variants of Psychopathy in Adolescents in Detention and in the Community.

The current study aims to ascertain how different variants of callous–unemotional traits differ in their psychopathology, exposure to aggression and violence, and aggressive and violent behavior. If secondary/distressed variants (high in callous–unemotional traits and high in anxiety) and primary/traditional variants (high in callous–unemotional traits and low in anxiety) differ along these dimensions, it may speak to their different etiologies, treatment needs (e.g., trauma focused), and responsiveness to treatment. The current sample consisted of 799 adolescents from high schools (n = 419) and juvenile detention centers (n = 380). Participants were interviewed regarding their callous–unemotional traits, psychopathology, exposure to aggression and violence, and aggressive and violent behavior. Parents/guardians and teachers/staff members also reported on participants’ callous–unemotional traits and aggressive and violent behavior. A model-based cluster analysis indicated that there were four clusters in ...
Cultural Identification and Second Language Pronunciation of Americans in Norway

Schumann’s Acculturation Theory as presented in The Pidginization Process: A Model for Second Language Acquisition (1978) predicts that the degree of a learner’s success in second language (L2) acquisition depends upon the learner’s degree of acculturation. Attempts to test this theory have not been particularly fruitful due to the lack of an adequate measure of acculturation and the particular linguistic markers selected to measure success in L2 acquisition. This study proposes to measure sojourners’ acculturation in terms of their social exchange networks (Milroy & Wei, 1995). It measures L2 success in terms of pronunciation, which in the view of many scholars (Guiora, Beit–Hallahmi, Brannon, Dull, & Scovel, 1972; Labov, 1972; Scovel, 1988) is the strongest linguistic marker of a speaker’s cultural identification. Using this framework, the current study provides strong evidence in support of Schumann’s Acculturation Theory. The acculturation experiences and L2 pronunciation of 9 American women residing in Norway are described and the relationship examined. It is concluded that learners who developed positive network connections with native speakers of Norwegian evidenced more native–like pronunciation than those who had greater difficulty establishing such relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
An irrelevant light enhances auditory detection in humans: a psychophysical analysis of multisensory integration in stimulus detection.

Physiological and behavioral studies in animal models have revealed that information from the different senses can be used synergistically to enhance the detection of objects and events. Although a great deal of evidence exists which demonstrates the synergistic use of multisensory cues in human behavior and perception, there is conflicting evidence about whether such interactions can be used to aid in stimulus detection. To examine this issue, we had volunteers indicate the presence or absence of a brief, low-intensity sound that was either presented alone or paired with a simultaneous light in a one-interval signal detection task. In the first experiment, the task-irrelevant light was found to enhance the detectability of the sound, but also to increase the subject's willingness to report the presence of a sound (i.e., response bias). In the second experiment, designed to eliminate this response bias, we found an improvement in stimulus detectability in the absence of any change in bias. These findings demonstrate the presence of a significant multisensory-mediated gain in stimulus detection in human subjects.
Grundlagen und Ergebnisse der Radiokohlenstoff‐Datierung

14C-Bestimmungen haben nicht nur kulturhistorisch wichtige Datierungen Kohlenstoff-haltiger Funde aus den vergangenen 35 000 Jahren ermoglicht, sondern u. a. auch zu neuen Erkenntnissen uber die geochemische Verteilung des Kohlenstoffes, Klimaanderungen der Erde und insbesondere den Ablauf der Eiszeiten gefuhrt. Die Grundlagen der Methodik, Ausfuhrungsweisen entsprechender 14C-Analysen, Fehlermoglichkeiten und Ergebnisse werden dargestellt.
Episodic post-rift subsidence of the United States Atlantic continental margin

Sediment thickness, paleobathymetry, and chronostratigraphy from COST wells offshore from Georgia and New Jersey indicate periods of rapid subsidence superimposed on the slower thermal subsidence of the continental margin. Rapid subsidence occurred during the Coniacian-Santonian, the Eocene and, in the COST wells off New Jersey, since the end of early Miocene. Once the maximum effects of water and sediment loading, compaction, and thermal cooling are removed, the residual vertical movements caused by tectonic and sea-level fluctuations can be analyzed. Because no global sea-level change can account for all residual movements, we propose that tectonism, variously amplified by loading, is responsible for the observed episodes of rapid subsidence. Synchroneity of subsidence with sea-floor–spreading changes in the North Atlantic suggests a unified cause for these events. Recognition of episodic subsidence may have implications for fault timing, petroleum potential, and global sea-level effects on passive margins.
Reconciling discrepant chronologies for the geomagnetic excursion in the Mono Basin, California: Insights from new 40Ar/39Ar dating experiments and a revised relative paleointensity correlation

Abstract Lacustrine sediments of the Wilson Creek Formation in the Mono Basin, California, record a paleomagnetic field excursion constrained by 14 C and 40 Ar/ 39 Ar geochronology to have occurred within the last 50 ka. However, 14 C and 40 Ar/ 39 Ar ages are discordant, making it difficult to distinguish which of two possible excursions during this period, the Mono Lake or Laschamp, is recorded in the Mono Basin. New 40 Ar/ 39 Ar age determinations from sanidine, as well as the first biotite and obsidian ages, for three of the nineteen rhyolitic ashes intercalated with these sediments are presented and compared to previous 14 C and 40 Ar/ 39 Ar data sets. Although the sanidine ages of the three ashes are stratigraphically consistent with each other and previously determined 40 Ar/ 39 Ar ages for other ashes in the Wilson Creek Formation, each is significantly older than 14 C ages obtained from stratigraphically equivalent beds, relative paleointensity field correlations, oxygen isotope records, and glacial histories. These data indicate an absence of juvenile, eruptive crystals and most likely reflect the incorporation of crystals from older volcanic centers or underlying sediment. We examine the strengths and weaknesses of all available geochronologic data for the section exposed at Wilson Creek to arrive at an internally consistent set of age constraints. Using these constraints we propose two new relative paleointensity correlations for the section, both of which indicate that the excursion recorded in the Mono Basin occurred at ∼30–34 ka on the Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 (GISP2) ice core time scale.
Milli-Scale Junction Flow Experiments

Laminar flow is increasingly important area of study as it dominates microscale and milliscale applications in devices such as microvalves, pumps, and turbines and in biomedical applications such as stents and biological flows. Studies of pressure losses in junctions have mostly been focused on turbulent flow conditions that exist in larger scale piping systems. There is a need for laminar flow studies of energy losses in junctions so that engineers can better predict, design, and analyze flow in microscale and other small scale systems. Unlike in the turbulent regime, Reynolds number plays a dominant role in energy losses for laminar flow, so new studies should document the effects of Reynolds number. This paper documents laminar flow experiments in a milliscale junction. This work builds on previous experience of the authors in computational fluids dynamics simulations of junctions. The planar junction under study consists of a circular tubes with two outlets and one inlet. A general technique has been developed to produce computer and physical models of junctions in which the inlet tube size is set, but the outlets are allowed to vary in size and angle relative to the inlet tube. A generalized algorithm has been implemented to create three-dimensional models of the junctions for both computational and experimental studies. The junction test sections for experiments are milled from cast acrylic in two pieces to match three-dimensional computer models. The test sections are placed in a system that provides steady-state flow of water to test sections and has been designed to measure pressure losses and flow rates through the test section.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
The use of linear regression to predict digestible protein and available amino acid contents of feed ingredients and diets for fish

Abstract An aquatic environment and unique biological characteristics complicate the determination of apparent digestible protein (ADP) and apparent available amino acid (AAAA) contents of feed ingredients and diets for fish. This urges for alternative methods of calculation, such as prediction from dietary chemical composition. Analysis of 617 means from 69 studies, which evaluated the protein digestibility of 73 feed ingredients with 35 fish species, revealed a linear relationship (ADP = − 10.0731 + 0.8942 CP, R2 = 0.9462) between dietary crude protein (CP; g/kg dry weight) and ADP (g/kg dry weight) contents. In compound diets (n = 831, 170 studies, 49 fish species) this relation was described by ADP = − 51.4001 + 0.9872 CP (R2 = 0.8632). Validation of the above with values from independent studies presented a high degree of agreement (R2 > 0.8000; mean prediction error 0.9500) from its dietary amino acid contents through linear regression. The above equations provide a useful tool that could be use in practical feed formulation for fish. However, further work is needed on the validation and development of the prediction of AAA contents.
Activation and targeting of mitogen-activated protein kinases by G-protein-coupled receptors

Over the past decade, it has become apparent that many G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) generate signals that control cellular differentiation and growth, including stimulation of Ras family GTP...
Strain ageing effects and stress relaxation in iron during shock loading

Abstract The influence of prestraining and ageing upon the stress relaxation, which follows the elastic precursor wave during shock loading of iron, has been determined experimentally. Prestraining through the Luders strain is observed to eliminate this stress relaxation under shock loading. Suitable time-temperature ageing treatments after prestraining cause a reappearance of the shock stress relaxation. Thus the influence of prestraining and ageing upon the stress relaxation in iron is qualitatively the same as the influence of these treatments upon the upper to lower yield point drop in conventional low strain rate tensile tests. Quantitative differences between the influence of strain ageing upon the shock stress relaxation and the conventional yield drop are observed. The return of the shock stress relaxation by ageing of prestrained iron (containing both nitrogen and carbon) appears to be governed by the diffusion of carbon while the return of the conventional yield drop appears to be governed by the diffusion of nitrogen. Further, for a given ageing temperature, the critical ageing time for the return of shock stress relaxation is from one to two orders of magnitude longer than the critical ageing time for return of the conventional yield drop. The relationship of these results to the current theories of dislocation behavior in iron containing small amounts of carbon and nitrogen is discussed.
Labeling Complete Surfaces in Scene Understanding

Scene understanding requires reasoning about both what we can see and what is occluded. We offer a simple and general approach to infer labels of occluded background regions. Our approach incorporates estimates of visible surrounding background, detected objects, and shape priors from transferred training regions. We demonstrate the ability to infer the labels of occluded background regions in three datasets: the outdoor StreetScenes dataset, IndoorScene dataset and SUN09 dataset, all using the same approach. Furthermore, the proposed approach is extended to 3D space to find layered support surfaces in RGB-Depth scenes. Our experiments and analysis show that our method outperforms competent baselines.
Commercial Deployment of Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis: The Coproduction Option

The US Department of Energy (DOE) has been supporting a program to develop a slurry-phase reactor to be incorporated into an integrated gasification and combined cycle (IGCC) complex to coproduce electricity, fuels, and chemicals. This paper will review the highlights of the research, development, and demonstration activities performed under the program, with emphasis on activities related to the Fischer–Tropsch synthesis and reactor modeling. It will also highlight the results from a DOE/Texaco cosupported study to evaluate the feasibility of an early entrance coproduction plant to demonstrate the integrated operation of a coproduction complex at a commercially scalable unit.
Chinese settlement pattern analysis using SIR-A data: A reply to Dr. Flowerdew's comment

(1985). Chinese settlement pattern analysis using SIR-A data: A reply to Dr. Flowerdew's comment. International Journal of Remote Sensing: Vol. 6, No. 2, pp. 383-384.
Creating cataracts of varying hardness to practice extracapsular cataract extraction and phacoemulsification

We describe a method to harden the nucleus of crystalline lenses in postmortem human globes by intralenticular injection of a mixture of paraformaldehyde and glutaraldehyde (Karnovsky's solution). Evaluation of the nuclear manipulations, using the Miyake-Apple posterior video/photographic technique, shows that the method provides suitable specimens for practicing extracapsular cataract extraction and phacoemulsification.
The role of the penalty in the local discontinuous Galerkin method for Maxwell’s eigenvalue problem

Abstract The local discontinuous Galerkin (LDG) method is a promising emerging technology for discretizing a wide range of differential operators. It is well known that the robustness of this method is contingent upon a stabilization term. We analyze the role of this term in the LDG discretization of the Maxwell curl–curl operator, demonstrating that the stabilization parameter can be used to split the spectrum into two sections. The first set of eigenvalues approximate the spectrum of the curl-conforming finite element curl–curl operator, while the second set are spurious eigenvalues that can be made arbitrarily large by increasing the stabilization parameter. We confirm this analysis with a range of computational experiments that compare the spectra obtained from LDG and curl-conforming discretizations.
Evaluating the U.S. Wheat Protein Complex

This paper models the economic linkages between a commodity (wheat gluten) and a commodity characteristic (wheat protein). The purpose of this research is to address several issues in the wheat protein complex including the impact of the U.S. gluten import quota on producer protein premiums. Four important conclusions are found. First, the hard red winter (HRW) protein market strongly influences wheat gluten market but the wheat gluten market has its greatest influence on the hard red spring (HRS) protein market. Second, the demand for intrinsic protein is estimated to be very elastic. Thus, the returns to breeding or biotechnology programs designed to raise protein levels of wheat are likely to remain stable in response to small increases in wheat protein content. Third, the U.S. import quota on wheat gluten is estimated to provide a 14% increase in the price of wheat gluten in the first year. By the third year, prices are only 5% above the prequota price. U.S. gluten supplies increase about 15% in the first year and remain at about that level for the next two years. Although these are small estimated impacts, they are not far from what the USITC had anticipated. Finally, the three-year quota increases protein premiums and provides about $500 ($1000) in additional revenue for an average 1000-acre farm producing HRW (HRS) wheat. Les auteurs ont modelise les liens economiques entre un produit (le gluten de ble) et une de ses caracteristiques (les proteines). L'objectif etait de repondre a plusieurs questions associees au complexe des proteines du ble, notamment l'incidence du contingentement des importations de gluten par les Etats-Unis sur les primes consenties aux producteurs en fonction de la valeur proteique du ble. De leur etude, les auteurs tirent quatre grandes conclusions. La premiere est que le marche des proteines du ble roux vitreux d'hiver (BRVH) exerce une forte influence sur le marche du gluten qui, lui, influe principalement sur le marche des proteines du ble roux vitreux de printemps (BRVP). Deuxiemement, on estime que la demande de proteines intrinseques est tres elastique. De petites hausses de la teneur en proteines du ble devraient donc se traduire par un rendement stable des programmes d'hybridation ou de biotechnologie destines a augmenter la concentration de proteines dans le ble. En troisieme lieu, on estime que le contingentement des importations de gluten par les Etats-Unis a entraine une majoration de 14 % du prix de ce produit la premiere annee. Deux ans plus tard, les cours s'etaient stabilises a 5 % au-dessus du prix en vigueur avant le contingentement. L'offre americaine de gluten augmentera d'environ 15 % la premiere annee et se maintiendra a peu pres au meme niveau les deux annees suivantes. Meme si elles ne sont guere importantes, pareilles retombees se rapprochent de celles anticipees par l'USITC. Enfln, les trois annees de contingentement ont donne lieu a un relevement des primes versees pour la concentration en proteines et debouche sur une hausse moyenne de 500 $ (1 000 $) du revenu des exploitations de 1 000 acres qui produisent du BRVH (BRVP).
Arsenic stabilization on water treatment residuals by calcium addition

Abstract A common method of removing arsenic from contaminated water is the co-precipitation or sorption of arsenic onto oxy-hydroxides formed by the addition of metal salts. Arsenic co-precipitation produces solids containing high concentrations of arsenic. The elevated arsenic content poses leaching problems requiring expensive disposal in certified hazardous impoundments. The objective of this research is to determine the effect of calcium addition as a stabilization agent, on arsenic desorption from ferric water treatment residuals. Due to the treatment residual's buffer capacity, desorption experiments in this study did not follow the standard Toxicity Characteristic Leaching procedure (TCLP) test. Arsenate desorption was induced in two ways: controlling solution pH in de-ionized water, and controlling solution pH in a 1.33 mM phosphate solution where phosphate is a competing anion. Desorption from laboratory treatment residuals did not generate any arsenic when calcium was present in solution, especially when excess calcium that did not join the surface of the treatment residual was present. Similarly, arsenic leaching decreased when field treatment residuals were treated with lime as stabilizing agent. Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) was also tested as a stabilizing agent in conjunction with lime since long term lime stabilization can be slowly consumed when directly exposed to atmospheric CO 2 . The solidification and stabilization (S/S) technique with lime and OPC was shown to be successfully applied to the immobilization of arsenic tainted water treatment residuals.
Rocky Mountain spotted fever treated with chloramphenicol and aureomycin.

Summary Six patients with rickettsial diseases with clinical findings and skin rashes typical of R. M. S. F. were successfully treated, four with Chloromycetin and two with aureomycin. One patient (Case 5) suffered a relapse, possibly due to too small a dose of the drug initally, but responded on reinstitution of aureomycin. The response to Chloromycetin in four patients and to aureomycin in one patient was in keeping with the findings of others.
Absence for Whom? An Autoethnography of White Subjectivity:

This autoethnography explores the role of absence for the White subject, locating that absence within the perceiving Self. In this article, the author articulates a gradual process of coming to see his own Whiteness through evocative writing to make space for Others to move toward locating their own social position. This article understands the Self not as fixed, but rather as an agent in a constant process of subject formation as narrated by that Self, Others, and the social worldview in which that Self is located.
Jackknife free-response ROC methodology

Although ROC analysis is the accepted methodology for evaluation of diagnostic imaging systems, it has some serious shortcomings. By contrast, FROC methodology allows the observer to report multiple abnormalities per case, and uses the location of reported abnormalities to improve the measurement. Because ROC methodology has no way to allow multiple responses or use the location information, its statistical power will suffer. The FROC method has not enjoyed widespread acceptance because of concern about whether responses made to the same case can be treated as independent. We propose a new jackknife FROC method (JAFROC) that does not make the independence assumption. The new method combines elements of FROC and the Dorfman-Berbaum-Metz (DBM) multi-reader ROC methods. To compare the JAFROC method to an earlier free-response method (alternative free-response or AFROC method), and to the DBM method, which uses conventional ROC scoring, we developed a model for generating simulated FROC detection and location data. The simulation model is quite general and can be used to evaluate any method for analysis of multiple-response detection-and-localization data. It allowed us to examine null hypothesis (NH) behavior and statistical power of analytic methods. We found that AFROC analysis did not pass the NH test, being unduly conservative. Both the JAFROC method and the DBM passed the NH test, but JAFROC had more statistical power than the DBM method. The results of this comparison suggests that future studies of diagnostic performance may enjoy improved statistical power or reduced sample size requirements through the use of the JAFROC method.
Evolving new therapies of autoimmune hepatitis

Refinements in the understanding of the mechanisms of immunocyte activation and the emergence of new immunosuppressive agents with highly selective actions has created opportunities for improving the treatment of autoimmune hepatitis. Drugs, such as budesonide and deflazacort, may inhibit immunocyte activation and limit corticosteroid-related side effects. Agents, such as cyclosporine and tacrolimus, can impair calcineurin activity and restrict the generation of transcription factors necessary for T cell responses. Intravenous immunoglobulin can bind anti-idiotype antibodies and reduce interleukin-2 secretion, and monoclonal antibodies directed against critical components of the T cell activation cascade can dampen the immune reaction. Drugs, such as mycophenolate mofetil, cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and KF20444, can inhibit T cell proliferation, and other interventions promise to deplete activated T cells, impair effector mechanisms, and induce self-tolerance.
Volume accommodation during swallowing

Bolus volume is an important modifier of the biomechanical events of the oropharyngeal swallow. The biomechanical events comprising a swallow can be divided into events associated with the reconfiguration of the pharynx into a swallow pathway and events associated with bolus transport from the oropharynx into the esophagus. Volume modification is achieved differently for the events of reconfiguration and propulsion. In the case of reconfiguration, a longer time is allocated to the process, as exemplified by sustained laryngeal elevation and hyoid excursion during larger volume swallows. On the other hand, in the case of bolus expulsion, volume accommodation is accomplished within the same period of time by utilizing increased vigor of expulsion. The result of deglutitive volume accommodation is a remarkably different fluoroscopic appearance of a small vs. a large volume swallow. The larger volume swallow seemingly takes longer and results in much more vigorous bolus expulsion than a small volume. However, this is more related to the bolus than the swallow.
A method for solving the dispersionless KP hierarchy and its exact solutions. II

Abstract We give an algebraic method to construct an infinite number of exact solutions of the KP hierarchy in terms of the hodograph transform. These solutions are obtained from a unique decomposition of the matrices in the higher commuting flows. The method presented here can be also applied to any hydrodynamic type equations with additional symmetries.
Stage I ovarian epithelial carcinoma: survival analysis following definitive treatment.

Abstract Between 1977 and 1986, 55 patients with surgical stage I ovarian epithelial carcinoma were managed in a definitive fashion, which included surgical staging and adjuvant therapy in 51 of 55 patients (93%) and second-look laparotomy. The mean follow-up time from the date of reassessment surgery was 94 months, allowing sufficient time to facilitate the identification of one or more subgroups of patients at risk of having persistent disease or developing a recurrence. Treatment failures were detected at second-look laparotomy in 6 patients (11%), and an additional 5 patients (9%) subsequently had recurrences after being declared free of disease at second-look reassessment. Analysis of pathologic variables identified grade and substage as important prognostic factors, with 8 of the 9 deaths (89%) being associated with Broders grade 3 or 4 and/or stage IC. Within the bivariate model consisting of patients harboring poorly differentiated (grade 3 or 4) stage IC lesions, 6 of 14 patients (43%) are dead from disease, yielding a long-term survival rate that at best approximates the survival rate associated with optimally reduced (microscopic residual) stage III patients subjected to contemporary adjuvant therapy and reassessment surgery. These data suggest that intensive therapy as utilized in advanced disease, including platinum-based chemotherapy, second-look laparotomy, and innovative salvage or investigational consolidation therapy, is equally applicable to this "high-risk" stage I group.
Latent profiles of problem behavior within learning, peer, and teacher contexts: identifying subgroups of children at academic risk across the preschool year.

Abstract Employing a developmental and ecological model, the study identified initial levels and rates of change in academic skills for subgroups of preschool children exhibiting problem behavior within routine classroom situations. Six distinct latent profile types of emotional and behavioral adjustment were identified for a cohort of low-income children early in the preschool year ( N = 4417). Profile types provided a descriptive picture of patterns of classroom externalizing, internalizing, and situational adjustment problems common to subgroups of children early in the preschool year. The largest profile type included children who exhibited low problem behavior and were characterized as well-adjusted to the preschool classroom early in the year. The other profile types were characterized by distinct combinations of elevated internalizing, externalizing, and situational problem behavior. Multinomial logistic regression identified younger children and boys at increased risk for classification in problem types, relative to the well-adjusted type. Latent growth models indicated that children classified within the extremely socially and academically disengaged profile type, started and ended the year with the lowest academic skills, relative to all other types. Implications for future research, policy, and practice are discussed.
A social‐science perspective on media bias

Abstract The questions of whether the news media are biased, and if so, in what direction, typically generate more heat than light. Here, we review some of the most recent and meritorious empirical studies on media bias. This evidence suggests that several prominent national news outlets have a distinct slant to the left or right, and that exposure to these sources influences both public opinion and voting behavior.
Low-dose Photon and Simulated Solar Particle Event Proton Effects on Foxp3+ T Regulatory Cells and other Leukocytes

Radiation is a major factor in the spaceflight environment that has carcinogenic potential. Astronauts on missions are continuously exposed to low-dose/low-dose-rate (LDR) radiation and may receive...
Inactivation of MYC reverses tumorigenesis

The MYC proto-oncogene is an essential regulator of many normal biological programmes. MYC, when activated as an oncogene, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of most types of human cancers. MYC overexpression in normal cells is restrained from causing cancer through multiple genetically and epigenetically controlled checkpoint mechanisms, including proliferative arrest, apoptosis and cellular senescence. When pathologically activated in the correct epigenetic and genetic contexts, MYC bypasses these mechanisms and drives many of the ‘hallmark’ features of cancer, including uncontrolled tumour growth associated with DNA replication and transcription, cellular proliferation and growth, protein synthesis and altered cellular metabolism. MYC also dictates tumour cell fate by enforcing self-renewal and by abrogating cellular senescence and differentiation programmes. Moreover, MYC influences the tumour microenvironment, including activating angiogenesis and suppressing the host immune response. Provocatively, brief or even partial suppression of MYC back to its physiological levels of activation can lead to the restoration of intrinsic checkpoint mechanisms, resulting in acute and sustained tumour regression associated with tumour cells undergoing proliferative arrest, differentiation, senescence and apoptosis, as well as remodelling of the tumour microenvironment, recruitment of an immune response and shutdown of angiogenesis. Hence, tumours appear to be addicted to the MYC oncogene because of both tumour cell intrinsic and host-dependent mechanisms. MYC is important for the regulation of both the initiation and maintenance of tumorigenesis.
Does Immigration Promote Long-Term Economic Development? A Global and Regional Cross-National Analysis, 1965–2005

Immigration is perceived as both boon and bane in host countries. Yet, whether immigration promotes, or undermines, economic development remains an empirical question. Using cross-national data for up to 122 countries, this paper tests whether cumulative immigration flows raise aggregate living standards in the long term. The results strongly support the hypothesis. Immigration, however, is not uniformly beneficial for all countries. A sub-analysis of the Latin American and Caribbean region reveals that immigration is less beneficial in the context of higher fertility rates. The results are discussed in the context of migration research and policy at the national and international levels.
A polygraphic study of bioelectrical brain maturation in preterm infants

Bioelectrical brain maturation was studied in 26 low-risk preterm infants by serial polygraphic recordings. A modified method of visual EEG analysis was used, based on Parmelee's coding system, which allowed quantification. It gave the following results: (1) The main characteristics of EEG maturation in preterm infants were a progressive spatio-temporal differentiation, with an increase of rhythmic activities and a decrease of discontinuity. (2) A strong relationship was found between post-menstrual age of the infants and EEG maturity, but there were exceptions to this rule. (3) longer duration of extra-uterine life had a small accelerating influence on EEG maturation. (4) Certain basic types of EEG patterns were closely related to behavioural states, whereas EEG maturity was not state-dependent. (5) The relationship between EEG pattern types and behavioural states becomes more stable with increasing age.
The effect of aqueous metal-chlorophenolate complexation on contaminant transport in groundwater systems

Aqueous metals and chlorophenols are common co-contaminants of groundwater systems. However, the importance of aqueous metal-chlorophenolate complexation cannot be accurately assessed because the stability constants for environmentally important aqueous metal-phenolate and metal-chlorophenolate complexes have not been measured. In order to determine the role these complexes play in contaminant transport, this study applies a correlation technique to the limited data that do exist to estimate the stabilities of metal-chlorophenolate complexes of environmental interest. Speciation calculations that are based on these estimated stability constants indicate that aqueous metal-chlorophenolate complexation may significantly affect both aqueous metal and dissolved chlorophenolate species distributions. Therefore, aqueous metal-chlorophenolate complexation may affect the extent of adsorption of both metals and chlorophenolates onto mineral surfaces. In addition, aqueous complexation may significantly enhance dissolution of aquifer aluminosilicate minerals. This study suggests that aqueous complexation between metals and chlorophenolates can significantly affect the mobility of metal and phenolic contaminants.
New research reveals tidal forces that shaped the Moon

Gravity signatures from the Moon have shed light on its mysterious shape, according to a new study (doi:10.1038/nature13639) by researchers at University of California (UC), Santa Cruz.
The mean volume of boxes and cylinders circumscribed about a convex body

The mean volume of boxes circumscribed about a convex bodyK of given volume is a minimum whenK is a ball. This follows from a more general inequality, where the volume of circumscribed boxes is replaced by the product of quermassintegrals of the projections ofK on appropriate lower dimensional subspaces.
TRANSFERABILITY OF AN HGM WETLAND CLASSIFICATION SCHEME TO A LONGITUDINAL GRADIENT OF THE CENTRAL APPALACHIAN MOUNTAINS: INITIAL HYDROLOGICAL RESULTS

The fundamental role of hydrology in determining HGM classification and function leads to the assumption that any test of regionalization might do well to begin with a comparison of hydrologic variation within regional subclasses across a geographical or landscape continuum. This paper deals with only the basic hydrologic comparisons between New York, Pennsylvania, and Virginia for similarly classified wetlands in all three regions. Water levels for headwater floodplain wetlands varied substantially between the New York region and the Pennsylvania and Virginia regions; the latter regions were very similar. The same pattern was evident for slope wetlands across the three regions, but there was no significant difference in water levels for riparian depressions. Based upon the hydrologic data alone, it seems that applying the classification outside of central Pennsylvania had mixed results; it worked well south to Virginia and less well north to New York. One substantial influence in New York was the presence of beaver (Castor canadensis) that greatly influenced almost every watershed we worked in. Furthermore, climate differences between the three regions may also have a large impact — the New York sites were subject to much more snow than sites further south.