cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Thallium-201 uptake in Langerhans cell histiocytosis of bone

A case in which there was thallium-201 (201Tl) uptake in Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) of the left femoral diaphysis is presented. The authors propose that201Tl scintigraphy is potentially useful in the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with LCH.
Measurement of a potential barrier created by electron cyclotron resonance heating

An electrostatic potential well and mirror‐trapped hot electrons are created by high power (250 kW), short pulse (3 μsec) electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) of a plasma in one magnetic mirror cell of a multiple mirror experiment. The creation and subsequent decay of the potential well is measured by an electron beam, time‐of‐flight diagnostic. Typically, the barrier rises to −40 V just after ECRH and decays within 100 μsec. A numerical model of the barrier evolution is developed, and the numerical results along with the experimental observations are presented. Both the numerical results and the experimental observations indicate a correlation between the degree of heating (diamagnetic loop voltage output) and the longevity of the barrier. It is shown that the decay of the barrier is determined mainly by the hot‐electron escape rate and the hot‐electron‐neutral ionization rate, rather than by trapping of the passing ions.
Direct, simple derivatization of disulfide bonds in proteins with organic mercury in alkaline medium without any chemical pre-reducing agents.

Abstract In this work we have studied the derivatization of protein disulfide bonds with p-Hydroxymercurybenzoate (pHMB) in strong alkaline medium without any preliminary reduction. The reaction has been followed by the determination of the protein–pHMB complex using size exclusion chromatography coupled to a microwave/UV mercury oxidation system for the on-line oxidation of free and protein-complexed pHMB and atomic fluorescence spectrometry (SEC–CVG–AFS) detection. The reaction has been optimized by an experimental design using lysozyme as a model protein and applied to several thiolic proteins. The proposed method reports, for the first time, that it is possible to label 75–100% cysteines of proteins and, thus, to determine thiolic proteins without the need of any reducing step to obtain reduced SH groups before mercury labelling. We obtained a detection limit of 100 nmol L−1 based on a signal-to-noise ratio of 3 for unbound and complexed pHMB, corresponding to a detection limit of proteins ranged between 3 and 360 nmol L−1, depending on the number of cysteines in the protein sequence.
Ultraviolet laser diodes on sapphire and AlN substrates

The performance characteristics of InAlGaN multiple quantum well (MQW) lasers grown on sapphire and low defect density bulk AlN substrates has been compared. The group III-nitride laser heterostructures were grown on (0001) AlN and c-plane sapphire substrates by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE). Lasing was observed for optically pumped AlGaInN heterostructures in the wavelength range between 333 nm and 310 nm. A comparison of laser thresholds shows reduced threshold power densities for lasers grown on bulk AlN with threshold densities as low as 175 kW/cm 2 for lasers emitting near 330 nm.
Exploring Organizational Alignment-Employee Engagement Linkages and Impact on Individual Performance A Conceptual Model

We explore existing perspectives of organizational alignment and employee engagement from the literature to better understand the alignment-engagement linkages to individual performance. This is an underexplored area of inquiry in human resource development (HRD). Our analysis of the alignment and engagement literatures resulted in the development of an exploratory conceptual model. The conceptual model elaborates on the organizational alignment–employee engagement linkages and their impact on individual performance. These interconnections emphasize the importance of developing internally consistent HRD interventions or programs that align individual skills and knowledge with job characteristics and organizational systems and routines. Furthermore, the model highlights the dynamic nature of the alignment-engagement linkages both as a source and context which facilitates individual performance, and influences the extent to which employees exhibit essential as well as discretionary behaviors. We elaborate on the implications for HRD theory, research, and practice.
Pregnancy-Related Human Leukocyte Antigen Sensitization Leading to Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy and Graft Failure in a Heart Transplant Recipient: A Case Report

In this report, we present a heart transplant recipient who developed cross-reactive paternal and donor-specific human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II antibodies during pregnancy, leading to accelerated cardiac allograft vasculopathy and severe allograft dysfunction 17 years after transplantation. This resulted in acute heart failure and ventricular arrhythmias requiring repeat heart transplantation.
Genetics of vitamin D biosynthesis and its disorders.

Abstract The principal hormone regulator of bone mineralization is vitamin D, which must be activated by a metabolic pathway consisting of a 25-hydroxylase and a 1α-hydroxylase to yield 1,25 (OH) 2 D. The hormonal regulation of vitamin D activation is at the level of the 1α-hydroxylase. We review the biology of vitamin D, the biochemistry of its activation and the molecular biology of the vitamin D-metabolizing enzymes. Recent advances have resulted in the cloning of the human vitamin D 1α-hydroxylase and the identification of mutations in its gene that cause Vitamin D Dependent Rickets type I.
A role in transition.

I entered my call room and slipped off my shoes before lying down. I ran through the checklist of things that needed to happen for that woman by morning. Quickly, however, my mind wandered to a rat...
Amylases from aleurone layers and starchy endosperm of barley seeds.

Amylases from incubated aleurone layers or from starchy endosperm of barley seeds (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Himalaya) were investigated using acrylamide gel electrophoresis and analytical gel filtration with Sephadex G-200. Electrophoresis of amylase from aleurone layers yields seven visually distinct isozymes with an estimated molecular weight of 43,000. Because each isozyme hydrolyzes β-limit dextrin azure and incorporates calcium-45, they are α-amylases. On Sephadex G-200, amylase from the aleurone layers is separated into seven fractions ranging in estimated molecular weights from 45,000 to 3,000. Little or no activity is observed when six fractions are subjected to electrophoresis. Electrophoresis of only the fraction with the estimated molecular weight of 45,000 gave the seven isozymes. The amylases are heat labile and cannot be stabilized by the presence of substrate or by the protease inhibitor, phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride. Electrophoresis of amylase from the starchy endosperm yields nine β-amylases. Four of these β-amylases are isozymes with an estimated molecular weight of 43,000. The other five forms of β-amylase represent molecular aggregates of the four basic β-amylase monomers. A dimer, a tetramer, and an octamer of β-amylase can be identified with estimated molecular weights of about 86,000, 180,000 and 400,000, respectively. These estimated molecular weights were confirmed on Sephadex G-200. There are five additional fractions of β-amylase with estimated molecular weights ranging from 30,000 to 4,000. These fractions are not observed electrophoretically.
Active Solid State Microwave Device Performance

There is now a wide variety of solid state devices available for use as oscillators and/or amplifiers in microwave systems. Figure 1 illustrates this variety. The choice for a specific application is based on a number of performance factors, some of which are listed in Table I. In this paper we shall explore relative device performance with the objective of providing the potential user with a basis for choosing the best device for his application.
Meprobamate Overdosage: A Continuing Problem

Meprobamate was implicated in 50 (6.5%) of 773 admissions to Massachusetts General Hospital due to psychotropic drug overdosage between 1962 and 1975. Estimated doses ingested reached as high as 40 gm. Serious intoxication was common. In 25 cases deep coma (grade 3 or 4) was reached; 23 patients became hypotensive, and 16 required assisted ventilation. Two patients died, one of whom ingested an estimated 12 to 20 gm of meprobamate apparently with no other drugs. The findings indicate that overdosage with meprobamate, even when taken alone, produces intoxication that is often serious and sometimes fatal. Although meprobamate is a relatively inexpensive anti-anxiety agent, its questionable efficacy and the potential for life-threatening intoxication are important drawbacks to the clinical use of this drug. Language: en
HYPOSPADIAS IN A MALE INFANT WITH THE ADRENOGENITAL SYNDROME

A case of congenital adrenal hyperplasia with third-degree hypospadias is reported. Steroid excretion and testicular histology were similar to those described in the classic form of the syndrome. Because of the familial occurrence as reported from other sources, a genetic factor is assumed. Its mode of action remains unexplained.
A unified and consistent view on the singularities of the electric dyadic Green's function in the source region

Ambiguities associated with the singularity of the electric dyadic Green's function are clarified. The numerical advantages of finite and infinitesimal principal volumes are dependent on the particular problem being treated. It is shown that apparent discrepancies are nonexistent and that either the method of potential or the theory of distribution can be used in this problem and a unified and consistent view can be formed.
Hydrogen bonding in blends of polyesters with dipeptide‐containing polyphosphazenes

New biomedically erodible polymer composites were investigated. Polyphosphazenes containing the dipeptide side groups alanyl–glycine ethyl ester, valinyl–glycine ethyl ester, and phenylalanyl–glycine ethyl ester were blended with poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) with lactic to glycolic acid ratios of 50 : 50 [PLGA (50 : 50)] and 85 : 15 [PLGA (85 : 15)] with solution-phase techniques. Each dipeptide ethyl ester side group contains two NH protons that are capable of hydrogen bonding with the carbonyl functions of PLGA. Polyphosphazenes that contain only the dipeptide ethyl ester groups are insoluble in organic solvents and are thus unsuitable for solution-phase composite formation. To ensure solubility during and after synthesis, cosubstituted polymers with both dipeptide ethyl ester and glycine or alanine ethyl ester side groups were used. Solution casting or electrospinning was used to fabricate polymer blend matrices with different ratios of polyphosphazene to polyester, and their miscibilities were estimated with differential scanning calorimetry and scanning electron microscopy techniques. Polyphosphazenes with alanyl–glycine ethyl ester side groups plus the second cosubstituent were completely miscible with PLGA (50 : 50) and PLGA (85 : 15) when processed via solution-casting techniques. This suggests that the hydrogen-bonding protons in alanyl–glycine ethyl ester have access to the oxygen atoms of the carbonyl units in PLGA. However, when the same pair of polymers was electrospun from solution, the polymers proved to be immiscible. Solution-cast miscible polymer blends were obtained from PLGA (50 : 50) plus the polyphosphazene that was cosubstituted with valinyl–glycine ethyl ester and glycine ethyl ester side groups. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
EVOLUTIONARY ANALYSES OF SMALL‐SUBUNIT rDNA CODING REGIONS AND THE 1506 GROUP I INTRONS OF THE ZYGNEMATALES (CHAROPHYCEAE, STREPTOPHYTA)

We sequenced the small-subunit (SSU) rDNA coding region and 1506 group I intron (that interrupts this gene) in Closterium ehrenbergii Menegh. ex Ralfs, Closterium littorale Gay, Cylindrocystis brebissonii (Menegh.) de Bary, Penium margaritaceum (Ehr.) de Breb. ex Ralfs, and Staurastrum punctulatum de Breb. and the 1506 intron in Sirogonium sticticum (J.E. Smith) Kutz. (Zygnematales). Reverse transcriptase (RT)/PCR analyses demonstrated that the 1506 introns are not present in vivo in mature rRNA. Splicing analyses in vitro showed, however, that these introns do not catalyze their own excision from the rRNA coding region. Mutation of the conserved G (ωG) to an A at the 3′ terminus of the 1506 intron of Gonatozygon aculeatum Hastings (Zygnematales) restored self-splicing activity. This mutant intron utilized a new 3′ splice site to facilitate autoexcision. We speculate that the 3′ terminus of the wild-type 1506 intron may be a target for a “helper” factor that facilitates the second step of splicing (exon ligation) in vivo in the Zygnematales. Phylogenetic analyses showed congruence of rDNA and intron trees confirming an ancient origin of the 1506 intron in the common ancestor of the Zygnematales. The rDNA trees were compared to those inferred from rbcL sequence analyses. These trees were in general agreement and showed polyphyly of the Mesotaeniaceae and the Zygnemataceae. The 1506 introns contain significant evolutionary signal and provided strong phylogenetic support for groups within the Zygnematales when analyzed alone or in combination with the SSU rDNA coding regions. The secondary structure of 1506 group I introns was studied to identify RNA elements that may be useful as systematic markers. This analysis showed an optional helix found in RNA domain P2 that was lost in a monophyletic group of Desmidiaceae. This helix is found in all other 1506 group I introns, including those interrupting red algal and fungal SSU rDNAs.
Toward a User-Driven Approach to Radiology Software Solutions: Putting the Wag Back in the Dog

The relationship between healthcare providers and the software industry is evolving. In many cases, industry's traditional, market-driven model is failing to meet the increasingly sophisticated and appropriately individualized needs of providers. Advances in both technology infrastructure and development methodologies have set the stage for the transition from a vendor-driven to a more user-driven process of solution engineering. To make this transition, providers must take an active role in the development process and vendors must provide flexible frameworks on which to build. Only then can the provider/vendor relationship mature from a purchaser/supplier to a codesigner/partner model, where true insight and innovation can occur.
Equality-based flow analysis versus recursive types

Equality-based control-flow analysis has been studied by Henglein, Bondorf and Jorgensen, DeFouw, Grove, and Chambers, and others. It is faster than the subset-based-0-CFA, but also more approximate. Heintze asserted in 1995 that a program can be safety checked with an equality-based control-flow analysis if and only if it can be typed with recursive types. In this article we falsify Heintze's assertion, and we present a type system equivalent to equality-based control-flow analysis. The new type system contains both recursive types and an unusual notion of subtyping. We have s ≤ t if s and t unfold to the same regular tree, and we have ⊥≤t≤⊤ where t is a function type. In particular, there is no nontrivial subtyping between function types.
Mass-spectral studies of isometric d-ribofuranosylribitol disaccharides from the capsular polysaccharides of Haemophilus influenzae type b and Escherichia coli K 100

Two isomeric-D-ribofuranosylribitols, derived from capsular polysaccharides of Haemophilus influenzae type b and Escherichia coli K 100, were methylated or acetylated, and the products analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The marked difference in the mass spectra of the methyl ethers of these disaccharides allowed clear distinction between 1- and 2-O-D-ribofuranosylribitol was characteristic for this disaccharide; its isomer, the (1 leads to 2)-linked species, has a base peak at m/e 57. The difference in the base peaks is attributable to fragmentation of the methylated ribitol, as both spectra display common ions characteristic of the methylated D-ribofuranosyl group. For the acetylated disaccharides, the mass spectra displayed common ions characteristic of the acetylated D-ribofuranosyl group. However, no ions similar to those found for the methylated ribitol allowed ready differentiation between the two acetates. Instead, their spectra displayed similar ions, differing somewhat in relative abundance; the M-1 ion, m/e 577, was obtained for both. Comparison of the relative abundance of m/e 139, 259, and 303 in the spectra of the two acetates did allow distinction between them.
Effects on the menstrual cycle of in utero exposure to diethylstilbestrol.

Abstract OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of in utero exposure to diethylstilbestrol on the menstrual cycle. STUDY DESIGN: This was a prospective cohort study of 198 diethylstilbestrol-exposed women and 162 unexposed controls, recruited from women whose mothers participated in a randomized trial of diethylstilbestrol in pregnancy at the Chicago Lying-In Hospital from 1950 to 1952. Women with severe menstrual abnormality were excluded from the study. RESULTS: Diethylstilbestrol exposure was associated with a statistically significantly decreased duration of menstrual bleeding of approximately one half day and a lower average daily bleeding score (self-reported). We found no evidence for effects of diethylstilbestrol exposure on cycle length or variability of cycle length. Exposure was not related to symptoms of dysmenorrhea. CONCLUSIONS: The decreased duration and amount of menstrual bleeding among diethylstilbestrol-exposed women could be due to direct effects on the uterus. The lack of an effect on cycle length and variability appears to indicate that endocrine function is not grossly disturbed in those women studied. (AM J OBSTET GYNECOL 1994;170:709-15.)
Inhibition of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase by 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide in isolated nuclei.

4-NITROQUINOLINE-N-OXIDE (4-NQO) is a potent carcinogen1 and mutagen2, which has been shown to induce tumours in mammals3, cause nuclear abnormalities in Tetrahymena4 and induce alterations in tissue culture cell nuclei5.
Application of Lowry Protein Determination to Influenza Vaccine

The Lowry protein test has been successfully applied to the determination of microgram amounts of protein in influenza vaccine. Because of the tendency of the virus to aggregate, additional techniques such as sonoration were needed. Precision among replicates was good; the greatest difference of a single value from the average was 1.7%.
Effects of training in modifying working methods during common patient-handling activities

Abstract It is commonly recommended that those who must perform strenuous physical exertions be given training in proper techniques, and that musculoskeletal risks are thereby minimized. In the present study, the effects of training were examined at a behavioral level, and it was assumed that any long-term reduction in injuries must be preceded by measurable changes in how exertions are performed. Because of high injury incidence rates among nurses, common patient-handling tasks were the basis of the study. Participants performed several such tasks and sub-groups received training that consisted of either a commercial video or combined lecture and practice sessions. Compared to a control group, several perceptual, postural, and biomechanical measures were significantly altered following training. Specifically, training was associated with the adoption of a more upright lifting posture, and this change was retained in follow-up measures obtained after 4–6 weeks. While substantial inter-subject variability was present, the results suggest that training can modify behaviors in an intended direction. This observation provides support for the use of training as potential control measure, however more information is needed regarding retention and the relationship between trained behaviors and long-term injury risk. Relevance to industry Numerous training techniques have been recommended as ergonomic controls, yet there is mixed evidence regarding their efficacy. This study evaluates the potential of training to modify behaviors, and thus potentially reduce injury risk, in a setting of patient handling.
Dysregulation of multiple inflammatory molecules in lymph node and ileum of macaques during RT-SHIV infection with or without antiretroviral therapy.

Background Pathogenic infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) or simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) is characterized by a loss of CD4+ T cells and chronic lymphocyte activation even during suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART). Methods Using NanoString, expression of >100 molecules associated with inflammation or immune activation was evaluated in mesenteric lymph nodes and ileum of macaques infected with a pathogenic SIV/HIV virus, RT-SHIV, during viremia or during suppressive ART and compared to uninfected controls. Results Of the 105 RNA species quantified in the tissues, expression of 33 genes was altered significantly in one or both tissues during viremia but returned to normal levels during ART. However, 29 additional genes were altered in expression levels in the tissues of both viremic and ART-suppressed macaques. Conclusions Identification of the mechanisms of chronic inflammation in specific cells and in different tissues may help determine whether early ART initiation or novel therapies can prevent it.
Generation of RSA Keys That Are Guaranteed to be Unique for Each User

This paper describes a method for assuring that the RSA primes generated by two different parties will always be different. While this condition is not required for the RSA signatures and encryption, this user-dependence of RSA primes is highly desirable in view of possible disputes around the authenticity of a digital signature. A cheating party may claim that a pair of prime numbers was generated by someone else. Our method will eliminate such possibility and will make the entire class of attacks obsolete. In addition to being different when different users derive them, the RSA primes generated according to the algorithm described in this paper will satisfy all of the requirements imposed by the national and international standards.
GERIATRICS IN MANAGED CARE: Managed Care for Older People: A Primer for the Geriatrician

Managed care for older people is growing at a very rapid rate. Many geriatricians and primary care providers are interested in this area but have limited sources of information to guide their decision-making about whether to participate in these programs. This review provides a basic overview of managed care for older people, including plan types and roles that geriatricians may choose in participating in these programs. Risk and value are central concepts that impact managed care of this population. Several changes in Medicare Managed Care have occurred with the passage by Congress of the Balanced Budget Act of 1997. Geriatricians are strongly encouraged to participate in managed care as it offers the potential for improved models of care delivery for older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc 47:241–249, 1999.
American Cretaceous Flora

IN several of the interesting and valuable papers on the Tertiary flora which Mr. J. Starkie Gardner has contributed to the English journals he has referred to the fossil plants in our Cretaceous rocks as representing a flora really Tertiary in character; and, influenced by the modern aspect of the plants contained in our Dakota group (Lower Cretaceous), he has expressed a doubt whether even that should be regarded as truly of Cretaceous age. In a former number of NATURE I endeavoured to show that our Dakota flora was Cretaceous, inasmuch as it is found in rocks which are overlain by several thousand feet of strata containing many mollusks, fishes, and reptiles which are everywhere recognised as Cretaceous, and none that are Tertiary.
Martian floods at Cerberus Fossae can be produced by groundwater discharge

[1] Young flood channels emanate from Cerberus Fossae, Mars. In order to determine whether subsurface aquifers can discharge water sufficiently fast to explain these flood features, I develop a model that couples groundwater flow in a sub-cryosphere aquifer with flow through a fissure that penetrates from the surface to the aquifer. The model is constrained by estimates of peak discharge, and the distance water flowed uphill from the fissure. Aquifer permeabilities similar to those of young basalt aquifers on the Earth, ∼10−9 m2, can produce inferred discharges of 106 m3/s [Burr et al., 2002a] but probably require multiple floods to create the channels.
A Unified Methodology for Scheduling in Distributed Cyber-Physical Systems

A distributed cyber-physical system (DCPS) may receive and induce energy-based interference to and from its environment. This article presents a model and an associated methodology that can be used to (i) schedule tasks in DCPSs to ensure that the thermal effects of the task execution are within acceptable levels, and (ii) verify that a given schedule meets the constraints. The model uses coarse discretization of space and linearity of interference. The methodology involves characterizing the interference of the task execution and fitting it into the model, then using the fitted model to verify a solution or explore the solution space.
Quantitative morphologic markers of laser thermal injury in cardiovascular tissue

Several quantitative histopathologic markers of thermal damage that relate to tissue temperature and heating duration have been described. When a point source of heat is used the histopathologic changes radiate from the heating site to form concentric zones of tissue injury that are separated by distinct boundaries. To be detected and measured some of these markers require survival after the heating event (in vivo heating) and an intact blood flow within the targeted organ. Other markers can be found in tissues heated in vitro as well as in vivo.
In vitro accumulation and saturation of 3H-progestins in selected brain regions and in the adenohypophysis, uterus and pineal of the female rat.

Abstract Tissue samples from adult ovariectomized female rats were bisected, weighed and incubated in media containing 3H-progesterone with or without additional unlabeled progesterone. In brain tissue incubated without unlabeled progesterone samples from the interpeduncular region of the mesencephalon accumulated more 3H-progestins than samples from occipital cortex, posterior and anterior hypothalamus and medial-dorsal hippocampus. Within this latter group of tissues uptake was approximately equal. Adenohypophysial uptake in media without unlabeled progesterone was similar to that of cortex, while uterine uptake was less and pineal uptake more than that of cortical samples. Unlabeled progesterone reduced 3H-progestin accumulation in the interpeduncular, hippocampal, pituitary and uterine samples.
Hybridization between Wolves and Dogs

Concern has been expressed that European populations of gray wolves (Canis lupus) have extensively hybridized with domestic dogs (C. familiaris). We reviewed and analyzed surveys of mitochondrial and biparentally inherited genetic markers in dogs and wild populations of wolf-like canids. Although dog-wolf hybrids have been observed in the wild, significant introgression of dog markers into wild wolf populations has not yet occurred. Our investigation suggests that hybridization may not be an important conservation concern even in small, endangered wolf populations near human settlements. The behavioral and physiological differences between domestic dogs and gray wolves may be sufficiently great such that mating is unlikely and hybrid offspring rarely survive to reproduce in the wild.
The value of seller trustworthiness in C2C online markets

Trust has value in online markets, and individual and company actions can improve or impair how trustworthy they are perceived in these markets.
Optical flow switching: A new “green” transport mechanism for fiber networks

Present-day data networks are being challenged by the relentless growth of bandwidth demand. Most of this future growth, however, is not arising from more users with the same application bandwidth demands, but rather from the dramatic increase in bandwidth demand of emerging applications. The compounding of these two trends has set the stage for optical networking technology to make significant contributions in next-generation data network architecture. In this talk, we will explore key research problems of optical network architecture with emphasis on optical flow switching that, if properly exploited, will enable significant growth and cost-effective scalability of next-generation data networks.
PREOPERATIVE ASSESSMENT OF THE ELDERLY PATIENT

Precise assessment of physical status and appropriate selection and management of the anesthetic plan for the elderly surgical patient represents a great challenge to all health care providers. People are never more alike than they are at birth, nor more different or unique than when they enter the geriatric era. As rich and as varied as the genetic differences between newborn infants appear to be, survival through the young and middle years of adulthood is associated with progressively increasing interindividual variability. In addition, the prevalence of disease in elderly patients who need surgery is even higher than for the elderly population in general, especially for those older patients near the end of their life expectancy. Consequently, evaluation of physical status and identification of age-related disease, rather than aging itself, should be the appropriate focus for preoperative assessment and for planning perioperative care. An important advance allowing a better understanding of the preanesthetic implications of aging has been recognition of the distinction between processes of aging as opposed to age-related disease. How are they differentiated? Those consequences of altered tissue and organ system structure and function that are universally observed in all elderly individuals and increase in severity or magnitude with advancing years reflect aging itself. In contrast, changes in tissue and organ structure or function that are not seen in all members of a geriatric population or those that do not appear to have a direct relationship between severity and chronologic age are probably manifestations of age-related disease.
Body Temperature of Acclimated Broilers During Exposure to High Temperature

Abstract Short-term acclimation to high temperatures increased resistance of broilers to heat exposure. Two trials were conducted to determined the effect of acclimation on body temperature (Tb) during heat exposure. Broilers, 46-days old, were maintained at control or acclimating temperatures for 4 days. The control temperature was a constant 21 C with a 10 C dewpoint, and the acclimating temperature was a diurnal cycle of 24-35-24 C with a constant 21 C dewpoint. During the 4th day, broilers of both groups were exposed to temperatures of 41 C and 23 C dewpoint for 210 min. Body temperature was determined at the beginning of the heat exposure and at 30-min intervals until the end of the exposure. The Tb of both groups increased throughout heat exposure, but acclimated broilers had significantly lower Tb than control broilers from 90 through 210 min. Acclimated broilers had significantly lower heat stress mortality. The data show that acclimated broiler’s Tb rises upon exposure to heat but that acclimation gives the capacity to stabilize Tb above normal Tb. The data also suggest Tb is preferable to mortality as a measure of acclimation in broilers.
Simultaneous detection and identification of O-GlcNAc-modified glycoproteins using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

Glycoproteins carrying O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modifications have been isolated from a wide range of organisms ranging from trypanosomes to humans. Interest in this modification is increasing as evidence accumulates that it is an abundant and transient modification that is dynamic and responsive to cellular stimuli. Concurrent advances in biological mass spectrometry (MS) have facilitated high-sensitivity protein identification by tandem MS. In this study, we show that the lability of the O-GlcNAc moiety to low-energy collision in tandem MS offers a means of distinguishing such peptides from others that are not modified. The differential between the energy required to remove the O-GlcNAc group and the energy required to fragment the peptide chain allows the O-GlcNAc group to be detected and the peptide sequence, and therefore the protein, to be identified. This technique thus allows the simultaneous detection and identification of O-GlcNAc-modified peptides, even when present at low levels...
Coplanar and noncoplanar nucleon-nucleon bremsstrahlung calculation: A study of pseudoscalar and pseudovector pi N couplings.

The $\mathrm{pp}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ and $\mathrm{np}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ processes have been used to study pseudoscalar (ps) and pseudovector (pv) $\ensuremath{\pi}N$ couplings. We calculate both coplanar and noncoplanar cross sections using a realistic one-boson exchange model in the energy region between 100 and 300 MeV. We find that the difference in cross sections calculated using the two couplings increases as the nucleon scattering angles decrease. Furthermore, this difference becomes greater with increasing incident energy. We show for the $\mathrm{pp}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ case that this difference will be significantly increased upon the inclusion of electromagnetic form factors. For $\mathrm{pp}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ with large proton scattering angles (\ensuremath{\ge}30\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}), cross sections (both ps and pv) calculated using an on-shell $p\ensuremath{\gamma}p$ vertex are in very good agreement with the data, and they are also extremely close to a recent soft-photon calculation at 157 MeV using the $\mathrm{two}\ensuremath{-}u\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{two}\ensuremath{-}t$ special amplitude. The ps and pv calculations are both in good agreement with the TRIUMF data at 200 and 280 MeV. More accurate data are required to differentiate between these two couplings. Agreement with sparsely available $\mathrm{np}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ data is good for most cases, but discrepancies do exist for some data points. For large nucleon scattering angles, noncoplanar cross sections for both $\mathrm{np}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ and $\mathrm{pp}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ change rapidly with the noncoplanar angle. However, the respective shapes of the noncoplanar $\mathrm{np}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ and $\mathrm{pp}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ curves are very different.
Cyclooxygenase-2 and Presenilin-1 Gene Expression Induced by Interleukin-1β and Amyloid β42 Peptide Is Potentiated by Hypoxia in Primary Human Neural Cells

Lipid messengers and amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides generated by cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and presenilin-1 (PS1) mediate pro-inflammatory signaling and neural degeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain. This study provides data showing that theCOX-2 and PS1 genes each transcribe rare, highly labile RNA species that display early response gene behavior in human neural (HN) cells in primary culture, down-regulation during human neural development, and up-regulation in AD neocortex and hippocampal CA1. Together, interleukin-1β and amyloid β42 peptide [IL-1β+Aβ42] synergistically activated COX-2 and PS1 gene expression preceded by increases in AP1-, STAT1α-, and in particular NF-κBp50/p65- and HIF-1α-DNA binding. These events were markedly potentiated by hypoxia and blocked by the antioxidant α-phenyl-N-tert-butyl nitrone. Broad transcription profiling further indicated that hypoxia-induced, [IL-1β+Aβ42]-treated HN cells display robust induction of COX-2 and PS1 as well as a pro-inflammatory gene family that includes NF-κBp50/p105, IL-1β precursor, and cytosolic phospholipase A2 genes. These findings indicate a novel [IL-1β+Aβ42]-mediated, hypoxia-enhanced, free radical-triggered gene program that drives inflammatory gene signaling and suggest a mechanism by which hypoxia during aging contributes episodically to amyloidogenesis, inflammation, and AD pathophysiology.
Playing Karnatic music: The public life of a south Indian musical form

Karnatic music, the traditional ‘classical’ music of South India, acquires its spirit in its public performances. While these performances display musical creativity and religious devotion, their vitality is won primarily on the strength of the felicity of the collective spirit they foster during live concerts. The vitality of this consociality has earned for Karnatic music an enduring following, rooted in its public character, which has not changed very much in modern times.
Diabetic retinopathy and serum lipoprotein subclasses in the DCCT/EDIC cohort

Purpose To determine associations between retinopathy status and detailed serum lipoprotein subclass profiles in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications Study (DCCT/EDIC) cohort. Methods Persons with type 1 diabetes (440 women, 548 men) from the DCCT/EDIC cohort were studied. Retinopathy was characterized by Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) scores, hard exudate scores, and ETDRS scores minus the hard exudate component. Lipoproteins were characterized by conventional lipid profile, nuclear magnetic resonance lipoprotein subclass profile (NMR-LSP), apoA1, apoB, lipoprotein(a), and susceptibility of LDL to oxidation. Data were analyzed with and without the following covariates: age, gender, duration of diabetes, HbA(1c), albumin excretion rate (AER), creatinine clearance, hypertension, body mass index, waist-hip ratio, DCCT treatment group, smoking status. Results The severity of retinopathy was positively associated with triglycerides (combined cohort) and negatively associated with HDL cholesterol (men, combined cohort). NMR-LSP identified retinopathy as being positively associated with small and medium VLDL and negatively with VLDL size. In men only, retinopathy was positively associated with small LDL, LDL particle concentration, apoB concentration, and small HDL and was negatively associated with large LDL, LDL size, large HDL, and HDL size. No associations were found with apoA1, Lp(a), or susceptibility of LDL to oxidation. All three measures of retinopathy revealed the same associations. Conclusions NMR-LSP reveals new associations between serum lipoproteins and severity of retinopathy in type 1 diabetes. The data are consistent with a role for dyslipoproteinemia involving lipoprotein subclasses in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy.
Neurons in the principal nucleus of the bed nuclei of the stria terminalis provide a sexually dimorphic gabaergic input to the anteroventral periventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus

Neurons of the principal nucleus of the bed nuclei of the stria terminalis (BSTp) process pheromonal and viscerosensory stimuli associated with reproduction and relay this information to preoptic and hypothalamic cell groups that regulate reproductive function. The anteroventral periventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (AVPV), a nucleus involved in the regulation of gonadotropin secretory patterns, receives dense projections from BSTp neurons in males but not in females. By injecting the anterograde tracer, Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin (PHAL), into the BSTp of rats and immunohistochemically colocalizing the GABA synthetic enzyme, GAD65, to PHAL-immunoreactive fibers in the AVPV, we tested the hypothesis that these sex-specific projections arise from BSTp neurons that synthesize the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA. Although dense GAD65-immunoreactive fiber terminals were observed in both the male and female AVPV, higher numbers of GAD65-labeled terminals were found in the male, and those localized to PHAL-immunoreactive fibers were seen almost exclusively in males. Treatment of newborn females with testosterone or neonatal orchidectomy of males reversed these sex differences, while GAD65-immunoreactivity in the AVPV was not altered in response to exogenous hormone treatments administered to peripubertal animals. Our results suggest that projections from BSTp neurons constitute a stable, sex-specific GABAergic input to the AVPV that is patterned permanently by perinatal hormone exposure.
Slow Release of Ions from Internalized Silver Nanoparticles Modifies the Epidermal Growth Factor Signaling Response

Due to their distinctive physiochemical properties, including a robust antibacterial activity and plasmonic capability, hundreds of consumer and medical products contain colloidal silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). However, even at sub-toxic dosages, AgNPs are able to disrupt cell functionality, through a yet unknown mechanism. Moreover, internalized AgNPs have the potential to prolong this disruption, even after the removal of excess particles. In the present study, we evaluated the impact, mechanism of action, and continual effects of 50 nm AgNP exposure on epidermal growth factor (EGF) signal transduction within a human keratinocyte (HaCaT) cell line. After AgNP expose, EGF signaling was initially obstructed due to the dissolution of particles into silver ions. However, at longer durations, the internalized AgNPs increased EGF signaling activity. This latter behavior correlated to sustained HaCaT stress, believed to be maintained through the continual dissolution of internalized AgNPs. This study raises concerns that even after exposure ceases, the retained nanomaterials are capable of acting as a slow-release mechanism for metallic ions; continually stressing and modifying normal cellular functionality.
The Significance of Unstable Tuberculin Reactions

1)Findings made as a result of a tuberculin testing program among medical students are reviewed. 2)Results indicate that in a certain percentage of reactors to tuberculin the reaction is unstable, either exhibiting evidence of increased or decreased sensitivity. 3)The causation of this phenomenon is discussed briefly. 4)It is suggested that reactors with a low degree of sensitivity to tuberculin be retested at intervals and that a marked increase in sensitivity be investigated by chest roentgenogram.
Water Crossover Reduction in DMFC Utilizing Hydrophobic Anode MPL

Reducing the water crossover from anode to cathode is an important goal for direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) technology, especially if highly concentrated methanol fuel is to be used. A well-documented way to reduce this water loss to the cathode side is by using a hydrophobic cathode microporous layer (MPL). Recently, however, it has been demonstrated that in addition to a cathode MPL, the use of a hydrophobic anode MPL further reduces the water loss to the cathode. In this work, we use a two-phase transport model that accounts for capillary induced liquid flow in porous media to explain physically how a hydrophobic anode MPL acts to control the net water transport from anode to cathode. Additionally, we perform a case study and show that a thicker, more hydrophobic anode MPL with lower permeability is most effective in controlling the net water transport from anode to cathode.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Co-expression of Gβ5 Enhances the Function of Two Gγ Subunit-like Domain-containing Regulators of G Protein Signaling Proteins

Regulators of G protein signaling (RGS) stimulate the GTPase activity of G protein Galpha subunits and probably play additional roles. Some RGS proteins contain a Ggamma subunit-like (GGL) domain, which mediates a specific interaction with Gbeta 5. The role of such interactions in RGS function is unclear. RGS proteins can accelerate the kinetics of coupling of G protein-coupled receptors to G-protein-gated inwardly rectifying K+ (GIRK) channels. Therefore, we coupled m2-muscarinic acetylcholine receptors to GIRK channels in Xenopus oocytes to evaluate the effect of Gbeta 5 on RGS function. Co-expression of either RGS7 or RGS9 modestly accelerated GIRK channel kinetics. When Gbeta 5 was co-expressed with either RGS7 or RGS9, the acceleration of GIRK channel kinetics was strongly increased over that produced by RGS7 or RGS9 alone. RGS function was not enhanced by co-expression of Gbeta 1, and co-expression of Gbeta 5 alone had no effect on GIRK channel kinetics. Gbeta 5 did not modulate the function either of RGS4, an RGS protein that lacks a GGL domain, or of a functional RGS7 construct in which the GGL domain was omitted. Enhancement of RGS7 function by Gbeta 5 was not a consequence of an increase in the amount of plasma membrane or cytosolic RGS7 protein.
Multi-analyte detection of chemical species using a conducting polymer nanowire-based sensor array platform

Abstract This paper proposes a novel sensing platform for a conducting polymer nanowire-based chemiresistive sensor array for multi-analyte detection capability. In order to create a cross-reactive sensor array with each individual sensor having partial selectivity, distinct catalytic nanoparticles are incorporated into each sensing element resulting in a unique response from each sensor when exposed to a specific analyte. Based on the chemiresistive signal responses from the sensor array, a pattern recognition algorithm is applied to simultaneously differentiate one chemical species from another within a sample containing a mixture of analyte species. As a demonstration of the concept, the proposed sensor array was tested for the simultaneous classification and quantification of three chemical species: ascorbic acid, dopamine, and hydrogen peroxide. A highly conductive polyaniline nanowire network was used as a generic chemiresistive sensing platform for the device. Each sensor in the array responded distinctly with partial selectivity to each analyte, and hence provided a unique “fingerprint” response for the given composition of the sample solution. The results suggest that this technique can be applied either as an electronic nose or as an electronic tongue for the simultaneous classification and quantification of individual species within a mixture of a large number of chemical analyte.
In response to mortality in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome treated with poractant alfa, calfactant or beractant: a retrospective study

In response to mortality in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome treated with poractant alfa, calfactant or beractant: a retrospective study
Self-Esteem and Parental Identification.

Summary The relationship between self-esteem and parental identification was investigated. The hypothesis that self-esteem is positively correlated with parental identification was supported for female college students by two out of three self-esteem measures. For male subjects one social self-esteem measure correlated negatively with maternal identification and a self-concept measure correlated positively. No relationship between self-esteem and paternal identification existed for males: hence the hypothesis was refuted. The importance of social self-esteem in the feminine self-concept and its basis in parental identification is emphasized in the discussion.
The Manifold Actions of Neurotensin: A First Synthesis

has called the amine pre- cursor uptake decarboxylase, or APUD, system, that is, a substance that derives from neuroectodermal cells of the primitive neural crest, which is destined to form the nervous system and part of the gastrointestinal tract. Thus NT, like chole- cystokinin, bombesin, somatostatin, and many other substances, is found in gut and brain. The amino acid sequences of some peptides can be found embedded in the sequence of one or another larger peptide. For example, the Met-enkephalin sequence is contained within the structure of p-endorphin.2 However, the sequence of most APUD peptides is not embedded in larger peptides, and in this respect NT is typical of its class. In one chemical respect, NT resembles thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH):