cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Detection Probability Of An Object Ranking System For An Imaging Missile Seeker

A smart imaging sensor for a missile application is required not only to find objects of a certain class in the field of view, but also to choose one "best" object for further guidance. This paper describes an automatic object ranking system and derives the relations for the probability that the object ranked the highest is of the correct class. The ranking system consists of two phases. First, a screening phase locates several subimages that are approximately the right size and contrast. Second, a classifying and ranking phase measures several features about each subimage and ranks each subimage according to its probability of being a desired target or not. The detection analysis assumes that the image contains two classes of objects - the desired class, and another class which includes any other objects that the screener tends to pass. The screener always finds a fixed number of subimages, N, and order statistics are used to find the probability that k of the N are of the desired class. In the ranking phase, a likelihood ratio is calculated for each subimage using parameters learned from a volume of training imagery, and the subimages are ranked by likelihood ratio. The probability that the top-ranking object is of the correct class can be found, conditioned on the event that k of the N subimages are of the correct class. The performances of the two stages are then combined for the overall detection probability. The analyses allowed the number of subimages found by the screening phase, N, to be a parameter for investigation. It is shown that there is an optimum N for overall detection performance.© (1981) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Gone with the Wind? Integrity and Hurricane Katrina.

Hurricane Katrina displaced 400,000 residents along the coast of the Mississippi, and destroyed hundreds of thousands of homes and businesses across Mississippi, Louisiana, Alabama, and Tennessee. This chapter examines the preparation and response of one college's senior leadership team to the disaster and to the needs of students, families, and the surrounding communities.
Asymptotic behavior of high‐order differences of the partition function

The partition function p(n) is the number of partitions of an integer n into positive integers, and p(n, k) = Δkp(n) is its k-th difference. We obtain a recursion equation for p(n, k) which we solve asymptotically for n and k both large by using the WKB method and the method of matched asymptotic expansions. The result shows that p(n, k) is positive for n greater than a critical value n0(k). while for n < n0(k), p(n, k) alternates in sign as n increases. This confirms the recent result of A. M. Odlyzko. It also yields a refinement of his approximation for n0(k). The improved approximation agrees well with exact numerical values.
Combining forecasts: Some managerial issues

Abstract The amount of research on combining forecasts is substantial. Yet, relatively little is known about when and how managers combine forecasts. Important managerial issues that require further study include managerial adjustment of quantitative forecasts, the use of expert systems in combining forecasts, and analyses of the costs of combining forecasts.
Incidence of IgG short-term sensitizing antibodies in an allergic population.

Abstract Heat-stable, immunoglobulin G, short-term sensitizing antibodies (IgG S-T S) were sought in serum from 149 allergic patients who had strongly positive immediate skin tests to inhalant allergens. The sera were tested by passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) in monkeys. No IgG S-T S antibodies were demonstrated in 169 tests with a variety of allergens. Antibody with the characteristics of IgE was demonstrated in 47% of monkey PCA tests and, in an additional 34% of sera, IgE antibody to the same allergen was demonstrated by radioallergosorbent testing (RAST).
Tests of the ribosome editor hypothesis. III. A mutant Escherichia coli with a defective ribosome editor.

Peptidyl-tRNA dissociates from the ribosomes of Escherichia coli during protein biosynthesis. The ribosome editor hypothesis states that incorrect peptidyl-tRNAs dissociate preferentially. Editing would therefore prevent the completion of proteins containing misincorporated amino acids. We have isolated a mutant strain of E. coli that dissociates some peptidyl-tRNAs at a fivefold lower rate than its parent strain, and that synthesizes significantly more erroneous complete proteins. This strain is also partially resistant to the antibiotic erythromycin, which in wildtype E. coli stimulates the dissociation of peptidyl-tRNA from ribosomes. The data suggest that in this mutant all peptidyl-tRNAs are bound to the ribosome more tightly than normally during protein synthesis. Because of the inverse correlation between the accuracy of synthesis of complete proteins and the rate of dissociation of peptidyl-tRNA from the ribosome, we propose that the mutant contains a defective ribosomal editor.
Measurements from electron micrographs of organelle size in relation to their shape: a refinement applied to the epidermal melanosome and basal lamella.

SUMMARY The mean value of measurements of organelles made from electron-microscope sections cut in random planes is not an accurate expression of any important dimension of a nonspherical organelle; realistic measurements of organelles in electron micrographs must take into account the three-dimensional shape of the organelle. Stereological methods offer ways of calculating surface areas and volumes of organelles in electron-microscope sections but do not provide an easy means of deriving three-dimensional structures. If, however, the three-dimensional shape of an organelle is known, it is possible to select profiles which contain what is approximately a major or a minor axis. The frequency distribution of the values from profiles so chosen are skewed, and the median provides the best estimate of the dimension of the organelle. The median and the interquartile range (P25–P75) are presented for measurements made in this way of melanosomes and the basal lamella and lamina lucida of mammalian oral epithelium.
Utilization of health and mental health services. Three Epidemiologic Catchment Area sites.

• Utilization of health and mental health services by noninstitutionalized persons aged 18 years and older is examined based on interviews with probability samples of 3,000 to 3,500 persons In each of three sites of the National Institute of Mental Health Epidemiologic Catchment Area (ECA) program: New Haven, Conn, Baltimore, and St Louis. In all three ECAs, 6% to 7% of the adults made a visit during the prior six months for mental health reasons; proportions were considerably higher among persons with recent DSM-III disorders covered by the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS) or severe cognitive impairment. Between 24% and 38% of all ambulatory visits by persons with DIS disorders were to mental health specialists. In seeking mental health services, men were more likely to turn to the specialty sector than to the generalist; women used both sectors about equally. The aged infrequently received care from mental health specialists. Visits for mental health reasons varied considerably depending on specific types of DIS disorder.
Effects of Overthrusting on Triassic Shelf Strata, East Range, Nevada: ABSTRACT

Triassic shelf strata exposed in the East Range of north-central Nevada are overthrust from east to west by lower Paleozoic rocks, originally of the Roberts Mountain allochthon, and overthrust from west to east, along the Fencemaker thrust, by imbricated basinal turbidites and related deposits dated as Norian. Analysis of fabric elements of the shelf rocks indicates that early deformation was west verging, affirming an affinity to the predominantly west-verging Winnemucca fold and thrust belt. Autochthonous or para-autochthonous shelf rocks consist of deltaic and carbonate platform deposits deformed in sequential fold sets: first in tight to isoclinal, reclined, west-verging folds of thin beds with axial-plane cleavage; then in major and minor, close, west-verging folds of beds and first cleavage, with formation of a second axial plane cleavage. First- and second-phase folds are transected by the Fencemaker thrust, which could be contemporaneous or later than shelf folding. End_of_Article - Last_Page 937------------
Accountability Misplaced: Private Social Welfare Agencies and the Public in Cleveland, 1880-1920

Nonprofits are scrambling to account for their fiscal policies, management structure, and the value of their missions. This current crisis of accountability is only the most recent manifestation of a problem that has plagued voluntary organizations for over a century. A historical perspective reveals more about the issue of accountability than tax exemption, the ubiquity of nonprofits, or greed and insensibility among nonprofits and their employees. Four fundamental issues can be identified: the variety of constituencies to which nonprofits are accountable, conflict over the allocation of resources, the matter of exclusivity, and two additional sources of conflict of values. The periodic crises of accountability faced by nonprofits reveal that the conflicts inherent in nonprofits are constantly being negotiated, necessarily leading to a dynamic, ever-shifting system of nonprofit organization and of interorganizational relationships. The nonprofit sector provides an arena in which these conflicts can be ne...
Corrected master cast procedure for intraoral luted implant frameworks.

Abstract Large cast frameworks rarely fit multiple implant abutments passively without time-consuming labor-intensive adjustment procedures. Intraoral luting of components has been suggested to achieve a passive fit and eliminate most adjustment procedures. When the intraoral luted framework is returned to the master cast, the implant analogs may not be properly aligned to framework abutments. To complete the restoration, master cast modification or replaement may be required. The procedure described in this article produces a corrected master cast that fits the final framework and preserves the tissue topography of the original master cast.
The Dynamics of Cluster Formation in Accelerated Radical Innovation: Bridging the Inception to Implementation Gap

Innovation is a social process. Successful providers, financial institutions, etc). A cluster-based accelerated radical innovation requires high levels of social innovation program recognizes the value of bringing together, at capital (trust, mutual understanding, and shared values and a very early stage, all the various stakeholders who are critical behaviors) between those engaged in the innovation process. to the innovation process. Through this early engagement, Developing and maintaining sufficient levels of social capital is a social capital is more quickly developed and the innovation major impediment to innovation. Cluster-based innovation process speeded up. This paper will present ideas for speeding programs can facilitate the trust-building process and, as a up the innovation process through a cluster-based initiative, result, speed up the pace of innovation. A cluster is a These ideas will be drawn both from the literature on cluster- geographic concentration of an industry and affiliated support based innovation initiatives and our own experience in cluster- infrastructure (e.g. university researchers, vocational training based economic development in Northwest Ohio.
Tools for analyzing intersecting tracks: The x2sys package

I present a new set of tools for detection of intersections among tracks in 2-D Cartesian or geographic coordinates. These tools allow for evaluation of crossover errors at intersections, analysis of such crossover errors to determine appropriate linear models of systematic corrections for each track, and application of these corrections and further adjustments to data that completely eliminates crossover discrepancies from final 2-D data compilations. Unlike my older x_system tools, the new x2sys tools implement modern algorithms for detecting track intersections and are capable of reading a wide range of data file formats, including data files following the netCDF COARDS convention. The x2sys package contains several programs that address the various tasks needed to undertake a comprehensive crossover analysis and is distributed as a supplement to the Generic Mapping Tools, making them available for all computer platforms and architectures.
A simple radiochemical assay for prostaglandin synthetase.

Abstract A simple radiochemical procedure for prostaglandin synthetase is described, in which incubation mixtures are applied to small disposable columns of Bio-Sil A (silica gel) resin and eluted with two different solvent mixtures to achieve a separation of unmetabolized substrates from prostaglandin products.
Synthesis and Hydrodeoxygenation Properties of Ruthenium Phosphide Catalysts

Ru2P/SiO2 and RuP/SiO2 catalysts were prepared by the temperature-programmed reduction (TPR) of uncalcined precursors containing hypophosphite ion (H2PO2–) as the phosphorus source. The Ru2P/SiO2 and RuP/SiO2 catalysts had small average particle sizes (∼4 nm) and high CO chemisorption capacities (90–110 μmol/g). The Ru phosphide catalysts exhibited similar or higher furan (C4H4O) hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) activities than did a Ru/SiO2 catalyst, and the phosphide catalysts favored C4 hydrocarbon products while the Ru metal catalyst produced primarily C3 hydrocarbons.
An arginine tetrad as mediator of input-dependent and input-independent ATPases in the clock protein KaiC

A post-translational oscillator (PTO) composed of the proteins KaiA, KaiB and KaiC is at the heart of the cyanobacterial circadian clock. KaiC interacts with KaiA and KaiB over the daily cycle, and CII domains undergo rhythmic phosphorylation/dephosphorylation with a 24 h period. Both the N-terminal (CI) and C-terminal (CII) rings of KaiC exhibit ATPase activity. The CI ATPase proceeds in an input-independent fashion, but the CII ATPase is subject to metabolic input signals. The crystal structure of KaiC from Thermosynechococcus elongatus allows insight into the different anatomies of the CI and CII ATPases. Four consecutive arginines in CI (Arg linker) that connect the P-loop, CI subunits and CI and CII at the ring interface are primary candidates for the coordination of the CI and CII activities. The mutation of linker residues alters the period or triggers arhythmic behavior. Comparison between the CI and CII structures also reveals differences in loop regions that are key to KaiA and KaiB binding and activation of CII ATPase and kinase. Common packing features in KaiC crystals shed light on the KaiB–KaiC interaction.
Toward a fast stochastic simulation processor for biochemical reaction networks

Computational studies of biological systems have gained widespread attention as a promising alternative to regular experimentation. Within this domain, stochastic simulation algorithms are widely used for in-silico studies of biochemical reaction networks, such as gene regulatory networks. However, inherent computational complexities limit wide-spread adoption and make traditional software solutions on general-purpose computers prohibitively slow. In this paper, we present a specialized stochastic simulation processor that exploits fineand coarse-grain parallelism in Gillepie's first reaction method to achieve high performance. The processor is designed to support large-scale networks more than a million species and reactions using external DRAMs. In addition, we introduce a dedicated compiler that creates data locality for efficient memory access and data reuse. Our performance evaluation using cycle-accurate simulation shows that our approach achieves orders of magnitude higher throughput for networks with different characteristics of coupling, compared to best-in-class software algorithms on a state-of-the-art workstation.
Suture versus screw fixation of displaced tibial eminence fractures: a biomechanical comparison.

Purpose: Classification and treatment of tibial eminence fractures are determined by the degree of fragment displacement. A variety of surgical procedures have been proposed to stabilize displaced fractures using both open and arthroscopic techniques. Two common fixation techniques involve use of cannulated screws and sutures tied over an anterior tibial bone bridge. We are unaware of any biomechanical studies that have compared the strength of various techniques of fixation. Type of Study: Biomechanical study in a cadaveric model. Methods: Seven matched pairs of fresh-frozen human cadaveric knees were stripped of all soft tissue except the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). Simulated type III tibial eminence fractures were created using an osteotome. Fragments of each matched pair were randomized to fixation with either a single 4-mm cannulated cancellous screw with a washer or an arthroscopic suture technique using 3 No. 2 Fiberwire sutures (Arthrex, Naples, FL) passed through the tibial base of the ACL and tied over bone tunnels on the anterior tibial cortex. Specimens were then loaded with a constant load rate of 20 mm/min, and load-deformation curves were generated. The ultimate strength and stiffness were computed for each curve. The failure mode for each test was observed. A paired 2-tailed t test was used to determine the statistically significant difference between the two methods. Results: Specimens fixed with Fiberwire had a mean ultimate strength of 319 N with a standard deviation of 125 N. Those fixed with cannulated screws had a mean ultimate strength of 125 N with a standard deviation of 74 N. This difference was statistically significant ( P = .0038). There was no significant difference between the mean stiffness of Fiberwire constructs (63 N; SD, 50 N) and the mean stiffness of the cannulated screw constructs (20 N; SD, 32 N). The failure modes of the Fiberwire constructs included 1 ACL failure, 3 failures of suture cutting through the anterior tibial cortex, and 3 of suture cutting through the tibial eminence fragment. The single mode of failure for the cannulated screw constructs was screw pullout of cancellous bone. Conclusions: The initial ultimate strength of Fiberwire fixation of tibial eminence fractures in these specimens was significantly stronger than that of cannulated screw fixation. Clinical Relevance: It appears that Fiberwire fixation of eminence fractures provides biomechanical advantages over cannulated screw fixation and may influence the type of treatment one chooses for patients with tibial eminence fractures.
A co-simulation environment for high-fidelity virtual prototyping of vehicle systems

Computer simulation is being increasingly used for virtual prototyping of ground vehicles ahead of building actual hardware prototypes. This paper describes a methodology to co-simulate, with high fidelity and in one computational framework, all of the main vehicle subsystems for improved engineering design. The approach leverages the capabilities of three software packages (ADAMS, PSAT, FTire) to simulate vehicle kinematics/dynamics, powertrain dynamics, and tyre-terrain contact in one unified environment. As a result, information about forces in vehicle components, driver comfort, maximum cornering speed, fuel efficiency and engine emission details can all be obtained at the same time. This data is relevant when used for comparing competing designs that draw on different values of vehicle parameters (inertia, material, suspension properties, stiffness), powertrain system settings for conventional, hybrid, or fuel cell topologies, and tyre-terrain interface parameters (road profile, tyre pressure, tread). A generic sedan and US army’s high mobility multipurpose wheeled vehicle (HMMWV), both with conventional powertrain systems, are used to demonstrate the proposed simulation framework.
BLACKBURN'S PROJECTIVISM - AN OBJECTION

In his Ethics: Inventing Right and Wrong, J. L. Mackie outlines a picture of ethical thinking with two central elements. The first concerns the nature of 'value' judgements; he, like Hume, considers them to be a projection of the subject's attitudes onto the world. In other words a 'judgement' that something is (morally) good is just an expression of a favourable attitude that one has towards the object being considered. The second element concerns the phenomenology of value judgements. He supposes that, to the person making the 'judgement', it seems that she is responding to some feature that the object possesses independently of their interaction with it, and that their judgement is of a kind with judgements of objects that they possess a particular primary quality. So, simply, although value judgements are projective, to those who make them they seem objective. So Mackie's position is called, appropriately, 'error theory'. Of course anyone holding this position must show why value judgements cannot be objective in the relevant sense, and must show that this is the same sense in which we take them to be objective. The existence of the error must also be explained. But my concern here will not be with Mackie's error theory, but with a response to it which tries to avoid the imputation of error to English-speaking moral agents.! There are two possible responses which give up the imputation of error. One is to demonstrate that moral judgements can indeed be objective, at least in the way that the people who make them think of them as being objective. The other, with which I shall be concerned here, is to deny Mackie's claim about the phenomenology of value judgements, while accepting that they are in fact projective. This second response, which has been promoted by Simon Blackburn in his book Spreading the Word and in a series of recent articles, represents a return to the emotivism of the mid-twentieth century. In what follows I shall show
Robust Feature Selection Technique Using Rank Aggregation

Although feature selection is a well-developed research area, there is an ongoing need to develop methods to make classifiers more efficient. One important challenge is the lack of a universal feature selection technique which produces similar outcomes with all types of classifiers. This is because all feature selection techniques have individual statistical biases while classifiers exploit different statistical properties of data for evaluation. In numerous situations this can put researchers into dilemma as to which feature selection method and a classifiers to choose from a vast range of choices. In this paper, we propose a technique that aggregates the consensus properties of various feature selection methods to develop a more optimal solution. The ensemble nature of our technique makes it more robust across various classifiers. In other words, it is stable towards achieving similar and ideally higher classification accuracy across a wide variety of classifiers. We quantify this concept of robustness with a measure known as the Robustness Index (RI). We perform an extensive empirical evaluation of our technique on eight data sets with different dimensions including Arrythmia, Lung Cancer, Madelon, mfeat-fourier, internet-ads, Leukemia-3c and Embryonal Tumor and a real world data set namely Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML). We demonstrate not only that our algorithm is more robust, but also that compared to other techniques our algorithm improves the classification accuracy by approximately 3-4% (in data set with less than 500 features) and by more than 5% (in data set with more than 500 features), across a wide range of classifiers.
Numerical simulation of 3-D incompressible, multi-phase flows over cavitating projectiles

Abstract The hydrodynamic cavitation over axisymmetric projectiles is computed using the unsteady incompressible Navier–Stokes equations for multi-fluid elements. The governing equations are discretized on a structured grid using an upwind difference scheme with flux limits. A preconditioning dual-time stepping method is used for the unsteady computations. The eigensystem is derived for the Jacobian matrices. This eigensystem is suitable for high-density ratio multi-fluid flows and it provides high numerical stability and fast convergence. This method can be used to compute single- as well as multi-phase flows. Cavitating flows over projectiles with different geometries are computed and the results are in good agreement with available experimental data and other published computations.
Class structure in a rhesus monkey group: the interplay between dominance and tolerance

Abstract Tests of competitive dominance are usually designed to eliminate social tolerance and variations in motivation. The present study applied a more naturalistic test paradigm to a large captive group of rhesus monkeys ( Macaca mulatta ). The monkeys were deprived of water for only 3 h, after which a shareable resource was presented. Twenty such tests were videotaped over a 6-month period. Drinking priority and the nature and duration of interactions around the water basin were compared to the group's clear-cut formal hierarchy, as defined by the direction of submissive teeth-baring. The adult hierarchy could be subdivided into two classes: precedence in drinking tests was as expected from formal dominance between classes but was not clear-cut within classes. This seemed due to variations in tolerance. Kin always belonged to the same class and showed high tolerance. Tolerant behaviour was also more common among unrelated adult females of the same class than of different classes. An alternative hypothesis to class structure, explaining the differences in tolerance on the basis of rank-distance effects, was rejected. The class division may be maintained through special intolerance between females ranking at the class borders.
Using active clients to minimize replication in primary-backup protocols

We consider a primary-backup approach to provide fault-tolerance service under a model in which the clients play an active role when their service requests are not fulfilled. Each client maintains an ordered list of servers and sends its service requests to the first server in its list. If the server does not respond within it specified timeout period, the client retransmits the request to the next server in its list. Under this model, we construct protocols that tolerate crash failures, send-omission failures, and receive-omission failures. For each type of failure, our protocol is optimal with respect 20 the degree of replication. More precisely, our protocols tolerate up to f server failures using only f+1 servers. In addition, these protocols tolerate an arbitrary number of client failures. Further, the protocols ensure that the service provided by the system is functionally equivalent to that provided by a single failure-free server.
Potential Effects Of Raising Medicare's Eligibility Age

Recent fiscal pressures on Medicare and an already enacted increase in Social Security's normal retirement age have generated discussion of raising Medicare's age of entitlement. This DataWatch examines potential impacts of raising Medicare's eligibility age to sixty-seven on public-sector health spending and individual insurance coverage. The proposed increase would affect a substantial fraction of beneficiaries without having a commensurate effect on expenditures, even in the long run. It is estimated that if the eligibility age were sixty-seven, upwards of 500,000 persons ages sixty-five and sixty-six would be left without any insurance, and even more would not be able to afford coverage with benefits similar to those of Medicare.
Multi-resource fair queueing for packet processing

Middleboxes are ubiquitous in today's networks and perform a variety of important functions, including IDS, VPN, firewalling, and WAN optimization. These functions differ vastly in their requirements for hardware resources (e.g., CPU cycles and memory bandwidth). Thus, depending on the functions they go through, different flows can consume different amounts of a middlebox's resources. While there is much literature on weighted fair sharing of link bandwidth to isolate flows, it is unclear how to schedule multiple resources in a middlebox to achieve similar guarantees. In this paper, we analyze several natural packet scheduling algorithms for multiple resources and show that they have undesirable properties. We propose a new algorithm, Dominant Resource Fair Queuing (DRFQ), that retains the attractive properties that fair sharing provides for one resource. In doing so, we generalize the concept of virtual time in classical fair queuing to multi-resource settings. The resulting algorithm is also applicable in other contexts where several resources need to be multiplexed in the time domain.
Changes in the spatial distribution of subtidal macrobenthos due to predation by white shrimp (Litopenaeus setiferus)

Manipulative caging experiments were conducted in North Inlet, South Carolina, to measure the predatory effect of juvenile penaeid white shrimp,Litopenaeus setiferus, on their subtidal macrobenthic prey. We used the natural neighbor interpolation procedure within a Geographic Information System (GIS) to map macrobenthos distributions at both the start and end of the cage deployments. Moran’s I, a commonly used index of spatial autocorrelation, provided a quantitative metric for evaluating the statistical significance of the observed changes. We tested the hypothesis that juvenile white shrimp are optimal foragers by assessing whether their predatory behavior was targeted at higher density macrobenthos patches inside the enclosures, resulting in a more homogeneous distribution of prey after seven days. Since large changes in patchiness could occur over seven days without incurring a significant change in index value, we treated each index as a continuous measure of patchiness, and examined whether the value increased or decreased consistently among treatment replicates. Using Moran’s I, the abundance and spatial distribution of macrobenthos inside control, partial, open, and shrimp inclusion treatments varied in their response. After seven days, decreased patchiness was consistently observed in the high density shrimp treatment replicates, and increased patchiness in the open plots. The GIS natural neighbor interpolation created a succinct visual representation of dramatic changes in prey spatial distribution and prey densities throughout each cage. The GIS interpolation conveyed the dynamic nature of the spatial variability that would not have been evident by calculation of Moran’s I alone. Although we could only weakly support our hypothesis, the combination of visual interpolation methods with index calculations has great potential for gaining further insights into the role of different factors as they affect changes in spatial distribution of benthic infauna.
Rapid Chilling and Mechanical Portioning as a Fresh Pork Processing System

Several rapid chilling techniques were applied after a variable delay time in an effort to link hot pork processing and mechanical portioning. Boneless pork loins (n = 80) were removed (1, 3 or 5 hr post-stunning) and assigned to one of three rapid chilling treatments: brine chilling, CO2 gas or CO2 snow. These were compared to the traditional method of chilling the carcasses 24 hr prior to blast freezing of excised loins. Loins were chilled until crust frozen, then tempered and mechanically portioned. Muscle color, pH, and sarcomere lengths were measured. Cooked chops were evaluated by taste panel and Warner-Bratzer shear force. There were no major differences in these parameters between rapid chilling methods when a delay time of at least 3 hr was used.
The Components of Smile Design: New York University Smile Evaluation Form Revisited, Update 2015

This article updates a simple checklist of foundational knowledge in aesthetic dental concepts that allows clinicians to organize their thoughts, to record the concerns of the patient, and to map out those improvements that must be addressed. This adjunct is called a Smile Evaluation Form. Along with other adjuncts such as radiographs, study casts, and diagnostic wax-ups, the Smile Evaluation Form allows clinicians to form a conceptual visualization of the expected end point. It provides a checklist for discussions with other disciplines in the team, to provide a logical sequence of treatment with a mutually agreed-on end point.
A multi-harmonic probe technique for computing oscillator steady states

We present a novel method for finding periodic steady states of general classes of oscillators robustly. The new method, which we term the multi-harmonic probe (MHP) technique, generalizes the well-known technique of augmenting harmonic balance (HB) for oscillators using an external probe. By using non-sinusoidal periodic probes, MHP enhances the applicability of the standard probe method (which uses purely sinusoidal probes) to broader classes of oscillators. We thus obtain a general and robust method for the periodic steady state of any kind of oscillator. Results on LC and ring oscillator circuits are presented that testify to the efficacy of our approach.
The Concept of Waste in an Evolutionary Archaeology

Abstract The concept of waste as an explanation for cultural elaboration was presented as an effort to demonstrate the power of evolutionary theory in archaeology. The notion itself, however, was originally conceived while teaching the prehistory of eastern North America. I review the historical roots of the idea and relate the waste notion to “competing” hypotheses appearing under the rubric of evolutionary theory.
High Speed 1-bit Bypass Adder Design for Low Precision Additions

In this paper, we propose a high speed adder which is adopted for our reconfigurable architecture called FleXilicon. To support sub-word parallelism, the FleXilicon architecture adopts 8-bit processing units as the atomic operation. Hence, high speed 8-bit adders are a key building block necessary for high performance. The proposed adder intends to speed up 8-bit adder operations. It is based on a conventional bypass adder scheme, but bypasses 2 bits on every adder bit stage rather than bypassing 4 bits on every four bit stages for conventional bypass adders. The proposed adder enables high speed operation for the FleXilicon and maximizes sub-word parallelism. The proposed adder is implemented with full custom design in CMOS 65 nm process. Simulation results show that the proposed adder is two times faster than existing adders for 8 bit additions.
Adverse childhood experiences and geriatric depression: results from the 2010 BRFSS

Objective Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), including physical, sexual, and emotional abuse, have been shown to result in a variety of poor outcomes including depression. The majority of research has examined the impact of such events on adolescents and young adults leaving a dearth of information regarding how these events may affect depressive symptom point prevalence later in life. Methods Data from the U.S. CDC's 2010 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey (BRFSS) were used to estimate the point prevalence of depression in individuals 60 years of age and greater based on presence or absence of certain ACEs. Depressive symptoms were assessed using eight items from the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ). Subjects with a PHQ score of 10 or greater were categorized as depressed. Six different types of ACE were included in the study: parents being physically abusive to each other, being physically harmed by a parent, being sworn at by the parent, being touched sexually by an adult, being forced to sexually touch an adult, and being forced into a sexual encounter. ACEs were categorized as never, single if subject reported it occurring once, or repeated if subject reported multiple episodes. Results The study sample consisted of 8,051 adults aged 60 years and greater who responded to questions about adverse childhood experiences. The study sample comprised 53% women, 83% Caucasian patients, and had a mean age of 70.4 years. After controlling for age, sex, and race, depression was significantly correlated with repeated ACEs of all types (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] ranging from 2.41 to 9.78, all statistically significant). The only ACE where a single occurrence was significantly associated with late-life depression was forced sexual intercourse (AOR: 2.92, 95% CI: 1.06–8.02). After controlling for all types of abuse in a single model, repeated physical abuse and repeated forced sexual intercourse remained significant (AOR: 2.94, 95% CI: 1.68–5.13; AOR: 3.66, 95% CI: 1.01–13.2, respectively). Discussion These results indicate a significant association between repeated ACEs and depression in older adults. When controlling for all forms of abuse, repeated physical abuse and forced sexual intercourse are significantly correlated with late-life depression. They emphasize the need to continue developing techniques to help individuals with a history of ACEs in order to decrease their negative effects, not only immediately, but also later in life.
NMR and INS Line Shapes of Transition Metal Hydrides in the Presence of Coherent and Incoherent Dihydrogen Exchange

In this paper a unified description of the effects of the coherent and incoherent dihydrogen exchange on the NMR and INS spectra of transition metal hydrides based on the quantum-mechanical density matrix formalism of Alexander−Binsch is proposed. The dynamic parameters of the line shape analyses are the exchange couplings or rotational tunnel splittings J of the coherent exchange and the rate constants k of the incoherent exchange. As experimental examples, we report the temperature dependent values J and k for 1 ≡ Cp*RuH3(PCy3) (Cp* ≡ C5(CH3)5 and Cy ≡ cyclohexyl) including the kinetic HH/HD/DD isotope effects on the incoherent exchange, determined by NMR, and for the tungsten dihydrogen complex 2 ≡ W(PCy3)2 (CO)3(η-H2), determined by INS. The temperature dependence of J and k is interpreted qualitatively in terms of a simple reaction scheme involving at each temperature a ground state and a dominant ro-vibrationally excited state. Using formal kinetics it is shown that a coherent exchange in the excite...
Remodeling of cardiac fiber structure after infarction in rats quantified with diffusion tensor MRI

Structural remodeling of myocardium after infarction plays a critical role in functional adaptation. Diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DTMRI) provides a means for rapid and nondestructiv...
Automated Assistants for Analyzing Team Behaviors

Multi-agent teamwork is critical in a large number of agent applications, including training, education, virtual enterprises and collective robotics. The complex interactions of agents in a team as well as with other agents make it extremely difficult for human developers to understand and analyze agent-team behavior. It has thus become increasingly important to develop tools that can help humans analyze, evaluate, and understand team behaviors. However, the problem of automated team analysis is largely unaddressed in previous work. In this article, we identify several key constraints faced by team analysts. Most fundamentally, multiple types of models of team behavior are necessary to analyze different granularities of team events, including agent actions, interactions, and global performance. In addition, effective ways of presenting the analysis to humans is critical and the presentation techniques depend on the model being presented. Finally, analysis should be independent of underlying team architecture and implementation. We also demonstrate an approach to addressing these constraints by building an automated team analyst called ISAAC for post-hoc, off-line agent-team analysis. ISAAC acquires multiple, heterogeneous team models via machine learning over teams' external behavior traces, where the specific learning techniques are tailored to the particular model learned. Additionally, ISAAC employs multiple presentation techniques that can aid human understanding of the analyses. ISAAC also provides feedback on team improvement in two novel ways: (i) It supports principled “what-if” reasoning about possible agent improvements; (ii) It allows the user to compare different teams based on their patterns of interactions. This paper presents ISAAC's general conceptual framework, motivating its design, as well as its concrete application in two domains: (i) RoboCup Soccer; (ii) software agent teams participating in a simulated evacuation scenario. In the RoboCup domain, ISAAC was used prior to and during the RoboCup '99 tournament, and was awarded the RoboCup Scientific Challenge Award. In the evacuation domain, ISAAC was used to analyze patterns of message exchanges among software agents, illustrating the generality of ISAAC's techniques. We present detailed algorithms and experimental results from ISAAC's application.
Blood component support in acquired coagulopathic conditions: Is there a method to the madness?

Acquired coagulopathies are often detected by laboratory investigation in clinical practice. There is a poor correlation between mild to moderate abnormalities of laboratory test and bleeding tendency. Patients who are bleeding due to coagulopathy are often managed with various blood components including plasma, platelets, and cryoprecipitate. However, prophylactic transfusion of these products in a nonbleeding patient to correct mild to moderate abnormality of a coagulation test especially preprocedure is not evidence-based. This article reviews the management of bleeding due to oral anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents, disseminated intravascular coagulation, chronic liver disease, and trauma.
THE MANDIBLE OF THE PRIMITIVE TETRAPOD GREERERPETON, AND THE EARLY EVOLUTION OF THE TETRAPOD LOWER JAW

Exceptionally well-preserved Late Mississippian colosteid amphibian specimens occur in southern Illinois; the mandible is described here. Unexpectedly primitive features include toothed adsymphysial and intercoronoid fossa with fenestrate floor. The large adsymphysial bears teeth, forms 50 percent of the symphysis, and meets its antimere in a very coarsely rugose suture. These and other characters are shown to occur also in Greererpeton burkemorani, to which we refer the Illinois specimens. Colosteid mandibles from a Late Mississippian locality in southern Iowa resemble G. burkemorani closely, although they are not conspecific. Our findings are summarized in a PRESERVE-format data table containing 226 characters. G. burkemorani's adsymphysial suture morphology is shared with the baphetid Megalocephalus pachycephalus. However, the relationship of colosteids to other Paleozoic amphibian groups remains unclear, beyond their position as stem tetrapods. The single elongate Meckelian fenestra of colosteids is likely primitive for tetrapods. A three-stage model is proposed for the evolution of Meckelian fenestrae in tetrapods. Based on sutural morphology, G. burkemorani is considered to have a kinetic joint between skull table and cheek. A functional hypothesis is outlined in which movements at this joint are accommodated at the symphysis. A phylogenetically based test of this hypothesis is proposed.
Habitat Characteristics of the Endangered Virginia Northern Flying Squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus fuscus) in the Central Appalachian Mountains

We compared 11 ecological variables thought to be important for assessing the habitat of the endangered Virginia northern flying squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus fuscus) at 11 occupied and 9 unoccupied sites within northern hardwood-montane conifer forests in the central Appalachians of West Virginia. Forest stands at sites occupied by G. s. fuscus had significantly higher relative importance values of montane conifers such as red spruce (Picea rubens) and little or no presence of northern red oak (Quercus rubra) than did sites that were believed unoccupied. Probabilities derived from logistic regression analyses indicated that sites were considered occupied when relative importance values of montane conifers in forest stands exceeded approximately 35%. Conversely, we detected no differences in elevation, absolute forest basal area, overstory tree species richness, total shrub density, percent coarse woody debris cover, percent herbaceous cover, percent emergent rock cover and percent soil organic matter (humus) between occupied and unoccupied sites. We observed low levels hypogeal fungi across all sites and fungi presence did not differ between occupied and unoccupied sites. Patchily distributed fungi combined with the much reduced and altered forest habitat in the region provide additional insights into the rarity of G. s. fuscus in the central Appalachians.
Inflation and the Maturity Structure of Nominal Debt

Episodes of high inflation are generally accompanied by a shortening of the maturity of nominal debt contracts. This paper develops a multiperiod general equilibrium model with incomplete markets to study the relationship between inflation and the maturity structure of nominal bonds. The model shows that under the presence of a small risk of price stabilization, high inflation can lead to a significant shortening of the maturities of nominal bonds traded among agents, yielding a negative relationship between inflation and maturity. The paper shows evidence of this negative correlation from Turkish data on Treasury auctions.
Reshaping the emergency radiology call experience after the merger of two programs: the Yale experience

In the summer of 2013, 16 radiology residents from the Hospital of Saint Raphael (HSR) joined the 38 residents of Yale-New Haven Hospital (YNHH) to become a single 54-resident program. This posed a significant challenge given the number of residents and very different call structures of the two institutions. After evaluating the emergency radiology volume at both hospitals, it was determined that implementing YNHH’s traditional call system at HSR would increase call by approximately 25 %. In order to negate this increase, the SRC rotation was created at HSR. This Monday–Friday rotation covered by R3s starts at 1 p.m. with afternoon conference. Residents then read cases on a subspecialty service from 2–5 p.m. and then cover the entire hospital until 10 p.m. with a single attending. Because of this rotation, call did not increase for the YNHH residents and third year residents were provided with increased responsibility. For programs not undergoing a merger, call rotations can also be extremely beneficial. These rotations allow third year residents to have more “call-free” weeks prior to the ABR core exam. Also, patient care can be improved, as the shift length for on-call residents is reduced, which has been shown to improve accuracy.
Dynamic Feedback in Ferromagnet-Spin Hall Metal Heterostructures.

In ferromagnet--normal-metal heterostructures, spin pumping and spin-transfer torques are two reciprocal processes that occur concomitantly. Their interplay introduces a dynamic feedback effect interconnecting energy dissipation channels of both magnetization and current. By solving the spin diffusion process in the presence of the spin Hall effect in the normal metal, we show that the dynamic feedback gives rise to (i) a nonlinear magnetic damping that is crucial to sustain uniform steady-state oscillations of a spin Hall oscillator at large angles and (ii) a frequency-dependent spin Hall magnetoimpedance that reduces to the spin Hall magnetoresistance in the dc limit.
Coincidence measurement of the 12C

The E1 capture cross section for the reaction 12C(α,γ)16O to the 16O ground state has been measured for Ec.m.=1.29–3.00 MeV. A γ-ray–recoil-particle coincidence technique has been used to obtain essentially background-free reaction yields. A three-level R-matrix analysis of the E1 S factor leads to an allowed range for SE1 at 300 keV of 0.00–0.14 MeV b. A model-dependent R-matrix analysis and a hybrid R-matrix analysis result in values of 0.14 and 0.08 MeV b, respectively, for SE1(300).