cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Redistribution of soil metals and organic carbon via lateral flowpaths at the catchment scale in a glaciated upland setting

Emerging evidence shows that interactions between soils and subsurface flow paths contribute to spatial variations in stream water chemistry in headwater catchments. However, few have yet attempted to quantify chemical variations in soils at catchment and hillslope scales. Watershed 3 (WS3) at Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire, USA, was studied in order to better understand pedogenesis and its relationship to subsurface water dynamics. In WS3, 99 soil profiles were described, sampled by horizon, and assigned to a hydropedologic unit (HPU), a functional classification previously developed using landscape and morphological metrics which corresponded with distinct water table regimes. Soil samples were extracted with 1) citrate-dithionite (d) and analyzed for Fed and Mnd; and 2) acid ammonium oxalate (o) and analyzed for Alo, Feo and the rare earth elements Lao, Ceo, and Pro. Total organic C was also measured. These elements were redistributed via vertical and lateral podzolization. Typical (horizontally layered) podzols developed in the majority of the catchment due to predominantly vertical, unsaturated flow. However, lateral flow produced four other podzol types with distinct chemistry; thicker spodic horizons of laterally accumulating soils generally reflected larger pools of trace metals and subsoil organic C. The spatial distribution of positive cerium-anomalies (Ce/Ce*) in soil profiles proved to be a consistent hydropedologic indicator of lateral flow and seasonally high water table in three hillslopes. Despite occasional high water table in some of the HPUs, they were not hydric soils and were distinct from wetter podzols of coastal plains due to their high Fe content. This study suggests that vertical and lateral spatial variation in soil chemical composition, including the complexity of Ce distribution, as it relates to subsurface water dynamics should be considered when studying or predicting catchment scale functions such as stream solute export and biogeochemical processes.
Wound complications after chemo-port placement in children: Does closure technique matter?

Abstract Purpose Wound dehiscence after chemo-port placement is a rare but potentially significant complication. We hypothesize that by using a simple running skin closure technique during chemo-port placement the rate of wound dehiscence and overall wound complications can be significantly decreased. Methods IRB approval was obtained and patients Results There were 259 ports placed in this cohort: 125 used simple running skin closure technique, and 134 used the subcuticular skin closure. Patients were found to not have any difference in rate of dehiscence or overall wound complications based on gender, age, location of port, or use of steroids or chemotherapy within 1week of port placement. When compared, only 1 case (0.80%) in the simple running group vs 10 cases (7.46%) in the subcuticular group experienced a wound dehiscence [unadjusted OR=14.07 (1.69, 116.99) p=0.0144]. When comparing overall wound complications the simple running group had 3 (2.4%) versus 12 (8.96%) in the subcuticular group [unadjusted OR=4.78 (1.27, 17.94) p=0.0203]. When adjusting for port-number both dehiscence and overall wound complications remained statistically significant. Conclusion We conclude that the simple running skin closure for chemo-port placement in children has superior outcomes in regards to prevention of dehiscence and overall wound related complications when compared to the subcuticular technique.
Lotus notes (groupware) in context

Reviewing Notes, or any groupware program, highlights the changing nature of software evaluation. Early reviews, for example, Press (1980), emphasized a program's features, efficiency (memory and storage requirements and speed), and user interface. These have all diminished in importance. With multiple revisions, the feature sets and efficiency of commercial programs for a given application have become relatively similar, and direct‐manipulation user interfaces like the Macintosh and Windows have reduced the differences among the user interfaces of programs. Today, software (especially groupware) must be evaluated in context. It must be compatible with the skills and requirements of the users and the organization, and it must be well integrated with other software and systems. The stability, support, plans, business arrangements, and so on, of the vendor are also important. The program is the tip of an iceberg. After describing Notes and its applications, I will discuss the question of its suitability in ...
Years of Clinical Experience and Therapist Professional Development: A Literature Review

The purpose of this article is to review the effect of years of clinical experience on aspects of therapist professional development. Themes within this specific literature were determined inductively as part of an all-inclusive review. Years of clinical experience were found to be positively associated with increased confidence and perceived mastery in clinical ability, increased flexibility in professional identity and therapeutic orientation, reduced stress and anxiety in clinical practice, and improvements in clinical judgment and decision-making. Although years of experience were found to relate to increased therapist focus on the therapeutic relationship, evidence does not suggest that it is associated with improved ability to increase its quality. It is unclear how years of clinical experience affect therapist usage of and attitude towards evidence supported treatments and evidence based practice given the interference of age cohort effects. This literature is limited by overly-proportionate psychodynamic samples and the use of primarily cross-sectional designs.
Deuterium desorption from ion-irradiated tantalum and effects on surface morphology

Abstract Compared to tungsten (W), tantalum (Ta) has shown superior resistance to helium (He)-induced surface morphology changes under fusion-relevant irradiation conditions. However, Ta is also expected to have a stronger interaction with hydrogen isotopes, potentially limiting its use as a plasma-facing material. Despite these concerns, detailed investigations on hydrogen irradiation effects on Ta are scarce. In this study, pristine and fuzzy (He+ ion-irradiated) Ta samples are irradiated with 120 eV deuterium (D) ions at various temperatures and examined with a combination of thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and optical reflectivity. TDS reveals discrete D desorption temperatures at 660 and 760 K, corresponding to trapping energies of 1.82 and 2.11 eV, respectively. Although D is retained in Ta both in higher quantities and at higher temperatures compared to W, extreme surface temperatures expected in tokamak divertors may exceed these desorption temperatures and counteract retention. Furthermore, this study indicates that Ta is relatively resistant to adverse surface structuring under D+ ion irradiation. In fact, D+ is shown to prevent and suppress Ta fuzz formation in sequential D+/He+ ion irradiation experiments. While further investigations are needed to elucidate this behavior, these initial investigations show a strong potential for the use of Ta as a PFC material.
Instability of External Fixators: Evaluation of the Problem and Suggestions for a Solution

The basic principles of external fixation still remain those outlined by the Lambotte brothers and Clayton Parkhill (1,2) at the beginning of the century although the technology of external fixators has changed a lot with time. The most important innovation came with the Ilizarov technique: with an only slightly invasive apparatus and the performance of a closed corticotomy, this technique is respectful of the biology of tissues (3).
Catechesis, Mystagogy, and Pedagogy: Continuing the Conversation

A renewed alignment with the church’s historic ministry of catechesis necessitates a comprehensive understanding of the God-centered, experiential, lifelong, communal, and mission-centered nature o...
Laboratory tests for ichthyosis.

To summarize briefly, the suggested laboratory tests to diagnose the ichthyoses are listed below. Ichthyosis vulgaris: Skin biopsy if necessary. RXLI: Steroid sulfatase activity or levels of cholesterol sulfate. CIE/LI: Usually no laboratory test indicated. Epidermolytic hyperkeratosis: Skin biopsy; consider keratin gene studies. CHILD syndrome: Usually no laboratory tests needed; radiographic studies. Chondrodysplasia punctata: Usually no laboratory studies needed; radiographic studies. IBIDS: Hair shaft examination, including polarization. KID syndrome: Skin biopsy if necessary. Netherton's syndrome: Hair shaft examination. Neutral lipid storage disease: Check blood smear for vacuoles; skin biopsy (frozen). Refsum's disease: Plasma phytanic acid levels. Sjogren-Larsson syndrome: Assay of FAO activity.
Let’s Be Functional!

In this chapter we discuss functions. Although the concept of functions is undoubtedly familiar, here we follow a more abstract approach; in particular, we consider functions as special relations.
Abstract 3953: The role of USF1 in the regulation of lipogenesis and breast cancer tumor progression

Breast cancer accounts for nearly one-quarter of all cancer diagnoses and is the principal cause of cancer-related mortality in women worldwide. Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a clinically aggressive subtype of breast cancer commonly resistant to therapeutics that have been successful in increasing survival in patients with ER+, PR+ and HER2+ breast cancer subtypes. As such, identifying factors that contribute to poor patient outcomes and mediate the growth and survival of TNBC cells remain important areas of investigation. USF1 (upstream stimulatory factor 1), a gene linked to drive lipogenesis and cellular proliferation, is over-expressed in human malignancies, yet its contribution to cancer remains unclear. In analyzing large number of genomic datasets including The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), we found that USF1 expression is significantly higher in TNBC tumor samples and cell lines. Also, USF1 gene expression positively correlates with key lipogenic enzymes. Significantly, we found that high expression of USF1 in breast cancer correlates with decreased patient survival. We found that USF1 shRNA expression resulted in cell death in breast cancer cell lines. We therefore hypothesize that USF1 drives de novo lipogenesis to promote breast tumorigenesis. Further studies are underway to determine the mechanisms by which USF1 promotes de novo lipogenesis, tumorigenesis and metastatic progression. Our studies will shed lights on the roles of USF1 in breast cancer tumor biology and undercover potential novel anticancer drug targets. (Supported by McKnight Foundation, Bankhead-Coley Cancer Research Program and James and Esther King Biomedical Research Program, Florida Department of Health.) Citation Format: Jessica Lewis, Iqbal Mahmud, Daiqing Liao. The role of USF1 in the regulation of lipogenesis and breast cancer tumor progression [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3953.
Cervical cancer radiation therapy compliance rates based on location of radiation therapy.

Abstract Objective Completion of radiation therapy (RT) within 60 days has been proposed as a national quality measure for patients with carcinoma of the cervix as protracted RT has been associated with worse oncologic outcomes. The objective of this study was to compare compliance rates based on location of RT administration. Methods This was a retrospective chart review of patients diagnosed with cervical cancer between January of 2000 to December of 2016 who were planned to undergo primary treatment with sensitizing chemotherapy and RT. Patients who completed both external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) and brachytherapy (BT) at the primary institution were compared to patients who completed a portion or all of their RT elsewhere. The primary outcome measured was completion of RT within 60 days. Secondary outcomes included compliance with sensitizing chemotherapy, total radiation dose, recurrence rate, progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). The groups were compared using standard statistical analysis. Results This study included 100 patients, 75 of which received all of their RT at the primary institution. These patients were more likely to complete RT within 60 days when compared to patients who underwent RT at different facilities (58.7% vs 24%, respectively; p = 0.005). Patients who underwent all of their RT at the primary institution completed their therapy an average of 16.4 days sooner (75.1 ± 21.3 days versus 58.7 ± 13.2 days; p = 0.001). Overall survival was significantly improved in this group (p = 0.03). Conclusion Women who complete EBRT and BT at different institutions are more likely to have a protracted RT course (>60 days). These patients should be identified at diagnosis and efforts made to coordinate their care to avoid delays in treatment.
Development of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma after prolonged exposure to pegylated liposomal doxorubicin and hand–foot syndrome: a newly recognized toxicity

Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) can be administered for prolonged periods with minimal toxicity. The risk of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) with this therapy has not been reported. We describe cutaneous SCC of the plantar foot in two patients exposed to high doses of PLD. A 50-year-old man with angiosarcoma received a total PLD dose of 1350 mg/m2 and developed cutaneous SCC of bilateral plantar feet. A 45-year-old woman with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma was treated with a total PLD dose of 1142 mg/m2 with subsequent diagnosis of cutaneous SCC of the right plantar foot. No risk factors for SCC of the plantar foot were identified in either patient. Cutaneous SCC is likely an unreported side effect of prolonged exposure to PLD. An extended duration of hand–foot syndrome from other anti-cancer drugs may also share this risk. Regular complete skin examination with early intervention for suspicious lesions is indicated in this patient population.
Librarians' perceptions on skills/knowledge and resources needed for research data services: preliminary results

This poster presents partial findings from a survey study that explored academic librarians' perceptions on research data services. Preliminary results reveal that librarians perceive knowledge and skills related to education and consultation more important than technical skills, and they find collaboration with other organizations on campus and full-time data librarians the most important resources needed for research data services.
Toward Accounting for Hidden Common Causes When Inferring Cause and Effect from Observational Data

Hidden common causes make it difficult to infer causal relationships from observational data. Here, we begin an investigation into a new method to account for a hidden common cause that infers its presence from the data. As with other approaches that can account for common causes, this approach is successful only in some cases. We describe such a case taken from the field of genomics, wherein one tries to identify which genomic markers causally influence a trait of interest.
Discrepancy in Neurologic Outcomes Following Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage as a Function of Socioeconomic Class

Objective To investigate potential health care discrepancies in patients with ruptured cerebral aneurysms undergoing microsurgical intervention. Methods We retrospectively reviewed patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms treated at our tertiary referral university hospital (UH) and safety net county hospital (CH) from 2010 to 2015. We identified 73 UH patients and 58 CH patients. Results UH patients had shorter time duration between rupture and intervention (P Conclusions Limited resource availability in a safety net hospital system could be a major driving force behind the health care discrepancy identified in our ruptured cerebral aneurysm population. Reallocation of resources to supplement advanced inpatient acute care technologies and, more importantly, post–acute care environments can narrow the outcomes gap.
Design of a neutron microscope based on Wolter mirrors

Abstract The predominant geometry for a neutron imaging experiment is that of a pinhole camera. This is primarily due to the difficulty in focusing neutrons due to the weak refractive index, which is also strongly chromatic. Proof of concept experiments demonstrated that neutron image forming lenses based on reflective Wolter mirrors can produce quantitative, high spatial resolution neutron images while also increasing the time resolution compared to the conventional pinhole camera geometry. Motivated by these results, we report the design of a neutron microscope where two Wolter mirrors replace condensing and objective lenses, in direct analogy with typical visible light microscopes. Ray tracing results indicate that this system will yield 3 μ m spatial resolution images with an acquisition time of order
Human cyclin F.

Abstract Cyclins are important regulators of cell cycle transitions through their ability to bind and activate cyclin-dependent protein kinases. In mammals several classes of cyclins exist which are thought to co-ordinate the timing of different events necessary for cell cycle progression. Here we describe the identification of a novel human cyclin, cyclin F, isolated as a suppressor of the G1/S deficiency of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae cdc4 mutant. Cyclin F is the largest cyclin, with a molecular weight of 87 kDa, and migrates as a 100-110 kDa protein. It contains an extensive PEST-rich C-terminus and a cyclin box region that is most closely related to cyclins A and B. Cyclin F mRNA is ubiquitiously expressed in human tissues. It fluctuates dramatically through the cell cycle, peaking in G2 like cyclin A and decreasing prior to decline of cyclin B mRNA. Cyclin F protein accumulates in interphase and is destroyed at mitosis at a time distinct from cyclin B. Cyclin F shows regulated subcellular localization, being localized in the nucleus in most cells, with a significant percentage of cells displaying only perinuclear staining. Overexpression of cyclin F, or a mutant lacking the PEST region, in human cells resulted in a significant increase in the G2 population, implicating cyclin F in the regulation of cell cycle transitions. The ubiquitous expression and phylogentic conservation of cyclin F suggests that it is likely to coordinate essential cell cycle events distinct from those regulated by other cyclins.
Bacon, Roger 1214–1268

Roger Bacon was born ca. 1214 near Ilchester in Somerset, England, into a family of landowners. Details and dates of his biography remain quite uncertain with opinions often varying widely. He spent eight years at Oxford University, where he received an advanced degree. It is likely that one of his professors at the time was Robert Grossteste who had an interest in the subject of color. Bacon became a professor at Oxford lecturing on Aristotle and his works, probably in 1233. In the early 1240s, Bacon moved to Paris where he was offered a position as a lecturer at the University of Paris.
Radiometer Calibration for the NASA Tropics Cubesat Mission

This paper describes the TROPICS L1 calibration algorithm. The NASA TROPICS mission [1] hosts a passive microwave radiometer [2] that provides temperature profiles using seven channels near the 118.75 GHz oxygen absorption line, water vapor profiles using three channels near the 183 GHz water vapor absorption line, imagery in a single channel near 90 GHz for precipitation measurements (when combined with higher resolution water vapor channels), and a single channel at 205 GHz that is more sensitive to precipitation-sized ice particles. Noise Diodes (ND) are an attractive option for calibration of small satellite sounders, which replaces the bulky and heavy internal iron-filled epoxy calibration target that is difficult to shield from the sun [3]. The TROPICS radiome-ter's pre-launch thermal-vacuum testing characterized the ND output temperature and the radiometer's non-linearity, and also verified the characterization using parts of the algorithm described in this paper[4].
Interpretation of Optical Interferograms Using a New Theory for Refractive Index — Temperature Dependence

A severe limitation in the application of quantitative interferometry to heat transfer problems is a lack of necessary optical property information. To extract heat transfer coefficients from interferometric records, it is necessary to know the relationship between refractive index and temperature. In the case of gases, one can determine a closed form relationship via fundamental physical laws subject to some simplifying assumptions. For liquids, however, no such simple relationship has been observed.
Druggable Targets and Therapeutic Agents for Disorders of the Back of the Eye

The retina and associated supportive tissues must perform large amounts of metabolic work to effectively process visual information. Metabolic imbalances in these tissues can lead to various diseases of the back of the eye that generally involve the interplay of three major processes: inflammation, neovascularization, and degeneration. Improved understanding of these processes within the back of the eye has led to the development of a rather large number of new therapeutics over the last decade and this process shows no sign of slowing down. This chapter summarizes emerging drug targets, new drugs, and drugs undergoing clinical trials for treating various back of the eye diseases including age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, retinopathy of prematurity, infections, and autoimmune uveitis.
Water systems and water treatment

This chapter discusses the major water systems, composition of various water bodies, factors that influence the composition and properties of water, and methods of water treatment. The composition of natural water bodies depends upon the gain, and loss of solutes through both chemical reactions and physical processes. The oxides of sulfur, and nitrogen that enters into the atmosphere from automobiles, other combustion sources, smelting, and some natural sources dissolve in raindrops and decrease the pH of rain water; resulting in acid rain. It affects the weathering reactions, solubility, and biological processes in lakes, rivers, and soils whose pH values are reduced as a consequence. The ecological effects of acid deposition include disruption of species distribution and food chains in lakes, as lower organisms disappear, and potential toxic effects on vegetation. Large scale water treatment is necessary in two general circumstances; for water taken into distribution systems for household or industrial use, and for wastewater that must meet particular standards for pollution control. Industrial waste water may require specialized treatments that depend on contaminants while treatment of domestic waste involves more general procedures. Several methods of water treatment for domestic waste water for household use like chlorination, use of activated charcoal, irradiation with ultraviolet light, are discussed in the chapter. Depending upon the final water-quality desired, treatment may be at the primary, secondary, or tertiary level. Clean water is a vital commodity, and the usage now is so extensive that waste-waters must be repurified to avoid destruction of aquatic ecosystems and because, often, the water will be reused.
Discretionary Reporting of Earnings Components

This paper provides evidence that in quarterly earnings announcements, managers use discretion to strategically report a large, transitory component of prior-period earnings. Managers are more likely to report separately a prior-period transitory gain from the sale of property, plant, and equipment (PPE) than to report a loss. This strategy provides the lowest possible benchmark to evaluate current earnings, thereby allowing the manager to highlight the largest possible change in earnings. This strategic reporting behavior is consistent with a conjecture by managers that investors will forget the transitory nature of the prior-period gain/loss unless it is separately reported in the current earnings announcement. Consistent with this conjecture of an investor processing bias, the stock price reactions suggest that the market does not unravel the strategic reporting at the time earnings are announced. There is some evidence that the market corrects for this bias in the 30 days subsequent to the earnings announcement date.
Drainage of Perirectal Abscess

Perirectal or perianal abscesses are common problems. This chapter describes indications, essential steps, variations, and complications of incision and drainage of perirectal or perianal abscesses. It provides a detailed template operative note for the procedure.
The physics of conductivity at terahertz frequencies

Effective terahertz (THz) component and systems design requires accurate predictive models for the frequency-dependent conductivity of materials. We have measured the THz conductivity of metals (including rough surface effects) and doped silicon at 0.4 – 0.85 THz. After a comprehensive analysis, we conclude that the THz-regime conductivity of highly-doped Si is accurately described by Drude theory, while metal conductivity is accurately described by a combination of measured DC conductivity, Drude theory, and the Hammerstad-Bekkadal formula.
Abstract 15706: Survival in Children With Trisomy 21 Undergoing Single Ventricle Palliation

Background: Children with Trisomy 21 (T21) and single ventricle anatomy (SV) may have increased mortality compared to those without T21. Supporting data are limited. Our objectives were to describe survival in children with T21 and SV and determine risk factors associated with mortality. Methods: We performed a single-center retrospective review. All patients born since 1980 with T21 and SV were included. We used Kaplan-Meier (KM) analysis with comparison by log rank to evaluate characteristics potentially associated with mortality in this cohort. Results: Of 28 patients with T21 and SV, 26 (93%) had unbalanced atrioventricular septal defects with 13 (50%) being RV dominant. One patient had hypoplastic left heart syndrome and one had tricuspid atresia. 22 patients (79%) underwent pulmonary artery (PA) banding. Superior cavopulmonary connection (SCPC) was performed in 17 patients (61%) at a median age of 13 months (range 3 mo [[Unable to Display Character: –]] 13 y), with a banded PA left undivided in most. Three of these (18%) went on to total cavopulmonary connection (TCPC). Single-stage TCPC was performed in 2 other patients (7%). Median age at follow-up was 5 years (range 0.1 [[Unable to Display Character: –]] 33 y) overall and 7.5 years (range 1.5 [[Unable to Display Character: –]] 33 y) in survivors. One-year KM survival was 75% (95% CI 59-91%). Of 7 patients who died < 1 year old, only 1 had undergone SCPC. Two-year KM survival was 60% (95% CI 42-79%) with limited mortality beyond 2 years (Figure). Seventeen patients (61%) reached 5 years of age with 13 having SCPC by that age. Of 5 patients with TCPC, 4 are alive (age range 7 [[Unable to Display Character: –]] 14 y). Pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) ≥ 3 WU*m2 in the first year of life was associated with increased mortality (p = 0.028) (Figure). No patient with PVR < 3 WU*m2 died. There was a trend toward association between ≥ moderate atrioventricular valve regurgitation and mortality (p = 0.071). Conclusions: While T21 patients with SV remain a high-risk group, survival is excellent when PVR is < 3 WU*m2 in the first year of life with minimal attrition beyond 2 years of age. ![][1] [1]: /embed/graphic-1.gif
Halomethyl—metal compounds : LXXII. The preparation of α-halocyclopropyl derivatives of lithium and their application in the synthesis of α-halocyclopropyl compounds of silicon, germanium, tin, lead, and mercury. A novel isomerization of syn-7-bromo-anti-7-lithionorcarane to the anti-7-bromo-syn-7-lithio isomer☆

Abstract A number of α-bromocyclopropyllithium reagents have been prepared at low temperature (−90° to −100°) in THF or THF/Et2O medium by reaction of n-butyllithium with the respective gem-dibromocyclopropane. Reactions of these new lithium reagents with concentrated HCl, trimethylchlorosilane, dimethyldichlorosilane, trimethyltin chloride, dimethyltin dichloride, dimethyldichlorogermane, trimethyllead bromide, mercuric chloride and some other organometallic halides are described. A novel isomerization of syn-7-bromo-anti-7-lithionorcarane to anti-7-bromo-syn-7-lithionorcarane, induced by the presence of a slight excess of 7,7-dibromonorcarane, is described.
Fishing and the fishing industry

Abstract World fish resources, fishing methods, and processing operations in the seafood industry are described. The fishery situation in developing countries (LDCs) is discussed, with particular reference to artisanal and other local fisheries, and examples are cited to illustrate the structure of the industry. Technology transfer from developed countries to LDCs is discussed and recommendations are presented for future technology transfer programs. It is concluded that an integrated complex of small projects with defined, attainable objectives and immediate impact on income and food supply of the LDC populations is likely to be more successful than large‐scale programs with little immediate payoff. A case study of fisheries in two developing countries, Thailand and Peru, and extensive tabulation of statistical data on catches, value of catch, and unit value of fish species groups for selected countries, with a discussion of the significance of the data, are presented in an appendix.
Your song your way: Rhythm-based two-factor authentication for multi-touch mobile devices

Multi-touch mobile devices have penetrated into everyday life to support personal and business communications. Secure and usable authentication techniques are indispensable for preventing illegitimate access to mobile devices. This paper presents RhyAuth, a novel two-factor rhythm-based authentication scheme for multi-touch mobile devices. RhyAuth requires a user to perform a sequence of rhythmic taps/slides on a device screen to unlock the device. The user is authenticated and admitted only when the features extracted from her rhythmic taps/slides match those stored on the device. RhyAuth is a two-factor authentication scheme that depends on a user-chosen rhythm and also the behavioral metrics for inputting the rhythm. Through a 32-user experiment on Android devices, we show that RhyAuth is highly secure against various attacks and also very usable for both sighted and visually impaired people.
Muscle intermediate filament proteins.

Publisher Summary Intermediate filaments (IFs) appear to function as mechanical integrators of cellular space and provide the overall cytoskeletal integrity and strength, as well as the organization, necessary for supporting contraction. The five muscle cell IF proteins include desmin, vimentin, synemin, paranemin (avian)/nestin (mammalian ortholog), and syncoilin. This chapter provides some background information and methods on the purification of intermediate filament proteins from muscle, expression of muscle intermediate filament proteins and domains, and muscle intermediate filament protein interactions. The chapter discusses some pitfalls, such as the Bradford protein assay available commercially as the Bio–Rad Protein Assay that gives unreliable results with desmin, and recommends the use of the Folin-Lowry or BCA (Pierce) protein assays for measuring the concentration of desmin. Syncoilin is an intriguing muscle IF protein; that it has not yet been shown to form heteropolymeric IFs may put it in a functional class of its own. Although, some progress is being made in identifying proteins within other cytoskeletal structures with which muscle IF proteins interact, it is likely, or at least possible, that many of the most important ones have not yet been identified.
A Guide to Duration, DV01, and Yield Curve Risk Transformations

Duration and DV01 (dollar duration) measure price sensitivity and provide the basic risk measure for bonds, swaps, and other fixed income instruments. When valuing instruments off a yield curve, duration and DV01 naturally extend to a vector of partial DV01s or durations (key rate durations) and these are widely used in the finance industry. But partial DV01s or durations can be measured with respect to different rates: forwards, par rates, zero yields, or others. This paper reviews the concepts of partial DV01 and duration and then discusses a simple method for transforming partial DV01s between different rate bases and provides examples. The benefit of this transformation method is that it only requires calculating the risk of a small set of alternate instrument and does not require re-calculating the original portfolio risk. (This paper is also available in an interactive version with enhanced digital content - see references.)
Men seeking sex on an intergenerational gay Internet website: an exploratory study.

Results. The men in the sample were primarily Caucasian (92.3%) with a mean age of 50 years (range: 18–88 years). More than one-fourth of the men (28.5%) reported being married. Of the married men, 76.0% indicated they would engage in receptive anal intercourse. Only a small number of men in the total sample expressed interest in safe sex (17.5%), while 91 men (8.9%) directly stated that they wanted unsafe sex. Most men in the sample were seeking intergenerational sexual encounters, with 71.0% of younger men expressing a preference for older men. Conclusions. The Internet can play a significant role in seeking same-sex encounters across generational groups. Safe sex was not a stated priority for most men in this study, and the Internet provides an effective method of seeking unsafe sex. A number of MSM seeking sex on the Internet were married and Caucasian. This finding suggests the need for greater attention to married and/or publicly identified Caucasian, heterosexual men in human immunodeficiency virus prevention efforts. Effective Internet-based prevention programs need to be implemented and researched.
Forgiveness Is a Choice: A Step-by-Step Process for Resolving Anger and Restoring Hope

A self-help text for people who have been deeply hurt by another and caught in a vortex of anger, depression and resentment. Robert D. Enright shows how forgiveness can reduce anxiety and depression while increasing self-esteem and hopefulness toward one's future. The volume demonstrates how forgiveness, approached in the correct manner, benefits the forgiver far more than the forgiven, and seeks to lead the reader on a path that will bring clarity and peace. Enright is careful to distinguish forgiveness from ""pseudoforgiveness"", and to reassure readers that forgiveness does not mean accepting continued abuse or even reconciling with the offender. Rather, by giving the gift of forgiveness, readers are encouraged to confront and let go of their pain in order to regain their lives.
Multipliers of Sets in Finite Fields and ZN

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the multipliers of sets in finite fields. Let R be a commutative ring with identity 1, R + the additive group, and R × the multiplicative semigroup. S is any proper subset of R.
Navigating the Road to College: Race and Class Variation in the College Application Process

College attendance brings significant financial gain in lifetime earnings, and in order to reap those benefits more students are attending college than ever before. At the same time as more students have been applying to college, the application process itself has changed dramatically in the last few decades. As the last hurdle on the road to college, the application process is a critical step in the overall college-choice process. However, until recently much of the research on college choice gave little attention to the actual steps of college application and did not always attend to variations by race and class. Considering the increasing importance of a college education and the consistent inequalities by race and class in who attends college, research examining how social background affects the ways in which students navigate the college application process is crucial. This review examines what we do know about race and class variation in college application, drawing from literature across sociology, economics, and higher education. This review addresses three questions: how does the admissions and application process affect race and class inequalities in college attendance? How have scholars modeled this process and do these models capture the experiences of students across race and class? And finally, how do students from different social backgrounds vary in their approach to applying to college?
Terephthlic Acid Synthesis in Supercritical Water

We have demonstrated the feasibility of terephthalic acid synthesis from p-xylene in supercritical water at 380 °C and explored the effects of key process variables. Reactions were carried out batchwise and isothermally in 1.54 mL stainless steel vessels. Hydrogen peroxide served as the oxidant and manganese bromide as the catalyst. We determined the effects of batch holding time, water density, and catalyst, oxidant, and p-xylene initial concentrations on the yield of terephthalic acid and the product distribution. The highest yield of terephthalic acid obtained was 57 ± 15% at a water density of 400 kg m−3, a batch holding time of 7.5 min, and initial concentrations of p-xylene, catalyst, and oxidant of 0.07 M, 7.7×10−3 M, and 0.58 M, respectively. At reaction times longer than 10 minutes, terephthalic acid yields decreased due to decarboxylation of terephthalic acid. Water density had little effect on the yield of terephthalic acid. When catalyst and oxidant were present in low levels, increasing their molar equivalents augmented the terephthalic acid yield. There was little additional increase in the terephthalic acid yield, however, after the levels of catalyst and oxidant reached 0.1 and 8 equivalents, respectively. The experimental results provided some insight into the reaction mechanism.
Formation dynamics of subsurface hydrocarbon intrusions following the Deepwater Horizon blowout

[1] Hydrocarbons released following the Deepwater Horizon (DH) blowout were found in deep, subsurface horizontal intrusions, yet there has been little discussion about how these intrusions formed. We have combined measured (or estimated) observations from the DH release with empirical relationships developed from previous lab experiments to identify the mechanisms responsible for intrusion formation and to characterize the DH plume. Results indicate that the intrusions originate from a stratification-dominated multiphase plume characterized by multiple subsurface intrusions containing dissolved gas and oil along with small droplets of liquid oil. Unlike earlier lab measurements, where the potential density in ambient water decreased linearly with elevation, at the DH site it varied quadratically. We have modified our method for estimating intrusion elevation under these conditions and the resulting estimates agree with observations that the majority of the hydrocarbons were found between 800 and 1200 m.
Queen regulation of worker foraging in paper wasps: a social feedback control system (Polistes fuscatus, Hymenoptera: Vespidae)

We examined the queen's role in regulation of worker foraging in small field colonies of the primitively eusocial wasp, Polistes fuscatus (29 colonies; 148 h observation). Queen removal results in a significant reduction in worker departure rate. The placement of a cooled, inactive queen into her queenless nest produces a significantly greater reduction in worker departure rate than does queen removal, and the resumption of activity by an inactive queen causes a significant increase in worker departure rate. Removal or cooling of a single worker does not produce similar effects on worker foraging, suggesting that the queen is the central regulator of worker foraging in small P. fuscatus colonies. We present evidence that: (1) the queen's control of worker foraging is mediated primarily by her influence on worker nest activity, (2) queen aggression may be important in stimulating departures by workers with low tendencies to leave the nest (i.e., dominant workers), and (3) the magnitude of the queen's stimulatory influence on worker foraging is directly related to the number of workers on the nest. We integrate these results with evidence from our other studies of polistine colony dynamics in a feedback control model of the social regulation of foraging.
An analysis of crop choice: Adapting to climate change in South American farms ☆

Abstract This paper explores how South American farmers adapt to climate by changing crops. We develop a multinomial logit model of farmer's choice of crops. Estimating the model across 949 farmers in seven countries, we find that both temperature and precipitation affect the crops that South American farmers choose. Farmers choose fruits and vegetables in warmer locations and wheat and potatoes in cooler locations. Farms in wetter locations are more likely to grow rice, fruits, potatoes, and squash and in dryer locations maize and wheat. Global warming will cause South American farmers to switch away from maize, wheat, and potatoes towards squash, fruits and vegetables. Predictions of the impact of climate change on net revenue must reflect not only changes in yields per crop but also crop switching.
Descriptive review and comparison of clinical outcomes of AFAP patients

Objective This study aimed to examine the colonic polyp phenotype, the surgical outcomes, and the reasons for colectomy in individuals with Attenuated Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (AFAP).
Light-Dependent and -Independent Toxicity of Erythrosin B to Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus Say

Chronic exposure of larval Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus to aqueous solutions of erythrosin B during preimaginal development caused a complex toxic reaction based upon the interaction of a slow, light-independent mechanism and a rapid, light-dependent mechanism. Exposure to solutions of erythrosin B in the presence of visible light at an intensity of 1,200 μE/m2 · sec caused concentration- and light-dependent, acute mortality of treated larvae, as well as latent mortality among survivors during subsequent development. Treatment of earlier instars was more effective than treatment of later instars. Analysis of the interaction of the light-independent mechanism and the light-dependent mechanism was made more difficult by the rapid photodegradation of erythrosin B during illumination. The primary lethality of erythrosin B, coupled with its rapid breakdown in the environment and its relative nontoxicity to mammals, indicated much potential for this compound in practical applications where environmental conditions would not favor the use of other methods.
Determination of adenine thiomethylriboside and 5-thiomethylribose, and their differentiation from methionine.

Abstract 1. 1. Adenine thiomethylriboside and thiomethylribose can be determined by the nitroprusside reaction used in methionine assay and formerly considered as specific for this amino acid. 2. 2. In contrast to methionine, these compounds do not yield stable periodides at pH 7. 3. 3. Separation of adenine thiomethylriboside from methionine and from thiomethylribose is accomplished by precipitation with phosphotungstic acid. 4. 4. Combination of these procedures permits individual assay.
Uptake of [1,2-3H]20α-hydroxypregn-4-en-3-one, [1,2-3H]corticosterone, and [6,7-3H]estradiol-17β by guinea pig brain and uterus: Comparison with uptake of [1,2-3H]progesterone

Summary The patterns of uptake of radioactivity 20α-hydroxypregn-4-en-3-one(20α-OHP), corticosterone, and estradiol-17β were studied in guinea pig brain and uterus. The pattern of uptake of these steroids were compared with those reported previously for progesterone. (1) 20α-OHP was taken up in the same pattern as progesterone in guinea pig brain (midbrain, hypothalamus, cerebral cortex, hippocampus), but neural tissue/ plasma concentration ratios were about half those found for progesterone. The uterus took up very little 20α-OHP. (2) After injection of isotopic 20β-OHP, 5–11% of the brain radioactivity and 35% of the uterine radioactivity had the mobility of progesterone on thin-layer plates. (3) Labeled corticosterone was taken up by guinea pig brain in the same pattern as progesterone and 20α-OHP, but the tissue/plasma ratios were even lower than those for 20α-OHP. Uterus took up slightly more [ 3 H]corticosterone than did brain. (4) [ 3 H]Estradiol-17β uptake was highest in the hypothalamus followed by midbrain, hippocampus, and cortex. Cortex metabolized almost3/4> of the estradiol-17β to estrone, while 76% of the hypothalamic radioactivity remained as estradiol-17β. (5) Pretreatment with 1.0 mg of unlabeled estradiol-17β suppressed uptake of labeled estradiol-17β in the hypothalamus much more than in other brain regions. After pretreatment with unlabeled hormone, isotopic estradiol-17β was taken up by guinea pig brain in approximately the same pattern that progesterone, 20α-OHP, and corticosterone were taken up. (6) Neural affinity for steroids (as indicated by tissue/plasma ratios) seems to be inversely related to the polarity of the hormones. Neural affinity for progesterone, 20α-OHP, and corticosterone also seems to be positively correlated with the reported effectiveness of these steroids in inducing estrous behavior in estrogen-primed, ovariectomized rodents.
Protein kinase C-independent activation of a novel nonspecific phospholipase C pathway by phorbol myristate acetate releases arachidonic acid for prostaglandin synthesis in MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts.

Abstract The effects of phorbol myristate acetate, an activator of protein kinase C, on the release of [ 3 H]arachidonic acid and prostaglandin synthesis were studied in an osteoblast cell line (MC3T3-E1). Phorbol myristate acetate (20 uM) liberated 16 and 55% of the [ 3 H]arachidonate in prelabeled phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylethanolamine, respectively, and evoked a 19-fold stimulation in the synthesis of prostaglandin E 2 . Phorbol myristate acetate doubled the cellular mass of 1,2-diacylglycerol and stimulated the liberation of [ 3 H]arachidonate from the diacylglycerol pool in prelabeled cells. The diacylglycerol lipase inhibitor RHC 80267 blocked 75–80% of the phorbol ester-promoted (total) cellular liberation of [ 3 H]arachidonic acid and production of prostaglandin E 2 . In comparison, the release of [ 3 H]arachidonate from phosphatidylethanolamine (but not phosphatidylinositol) was only partially antagonized (to the same degree) by the PLA 2 inhibitor p-bromophenacylbromide and the protein kinase C inhibitor Et-18-OMe. PMA-induced formation of diacylglycerol or synthesis of PGE 2 was not affected by the prior inhibition of protein kinase C. Therefore, we have shown a novel pathway for the liberation of arachidonic acid in osteoblasts involving the nonspecific hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylethanolamine by phospholipase C followed by the deesterification of diacylgycerol. This pathway can be activated by a phorbol ester through a protein kinase C-independent mechanism.
A grande fuga: como um campo sobreviveu a tempos difíceis

O artigo apresenta um balanco da historiografia norte-americana sobre trabalhadores. Apos detectar momentos de crise dentro desse campo de pesquisa, aponta os caminhos de recuperacao e vitalidade, com novas tematicas e abordagens.