cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Reducing Barriers to Mental Health Care: Bringing Evidence-Based Psychotherapy Home

Objectives Barriers to treatment for depression and anxiety are prevalent among older adults and caregivers living in the community. We designed and implemented an evidence-based psychotherapy program to reduce obstacles to care. Design A practice improvement initiative providing no-fee evidence-based mental health care at home in clients' primary languages. Setting Independence at Home, a community service of SCAN Health Plan in Southern California. Participants Diverse older adults and adult caregivers of older people with age-related disability (mainly dementia). Intervention Redesign of an existing supportive counseling program to improve access to validated models of psychotherapy for depression and anxiety. Measurements We describe program content, phases of development, equity in participation from referral to program completion, clinical outcomes, and estimated direct program delivery costs. Results Insights successfully served demographically diverse clients experiencing a broad range of barriers to mental health care. A total of 211 clients completed therapy using one of three evidence-based approaches in the first 33 months of operation (2015-2018). Clinical efficacy was high and equivalent across demographic groups and therapy models. Depression, anxiety, quality of life, self-rated disability, and patient activation all improved significantly. We supported therapists' transition to the new model, modified workflows, and used clinical outcome data and therapist focus groups to improve referral, selection, and enrollment processes and simplify treatment assignment. With program maturation, treatment duration and direct costs both declined. Conclusion The Insights model could add value to healthcare organizations seeking to provide effective, equitable mental health services for older adults and caregivers who have difficulty accessing care for depression, anxiety, or difficult life challenges. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:2174-2179, 2019.
Placing Single-Metal Complexes into the Backbone of CO2-Based Polycarbonate Chains, Construction of Nanostructures for Prospective Micellar Catalysis

The copolymerization of CO2 and epoxides in the presence of chain-transfer agents (CTAs) has provided a well-controlled route to polycarbonate polyols. Upon employing dicarboxylic acid CTAs which c...
New Deal utopias, by Jason Reblando

Jason Reblando is a fine arts photographer living in Chicago. When he moved to Chicago in 2002, he became intrigued with several public housing projects. He was curious about the history of the hou...
Best Practices in Letters of Recommendation for General Surgery Residency: Results of Expert Stakeholder Focus Groups

Objective Performance inflation is rampant in applications to general surgery residency. The medical student performance evaluation, transcript, and letters of recommendation (LOR) have all been shown significantly biased in the applicants’ favor. This study sought to determine best practices for LOR to improve transparency and alignment of applicant and program characteristics. Design Two 1-hour focus groups were conducted using semi-structured interviews. Participants were asked to discuss the value and role of LOR characteristics, including standardized LOR, and provide recommendations for best practices. The transcribed discussions were coded by two educators using grounded theory and an inductive approach utilizing NVivo 12. Codes were then reviewed and revised to achieve consensus and recommendations. Setting Focus groups were held during the annual Surgical Education Week meeting in April 2019. Participants General Surgery Program Directors from 10 institutions and Surgery Clerkship Directors from 11 other medical schools participated, with each group meeting independently from the other. Results Individually, 18 codes were identified by the authors, with consensus agreed on ten. These were grouped into 4 themes: author factors, letter content, bias, and standardized letters. Overall, a checkbox and short-answer standardized LOR was not recommended, favoring a template of items to include and exclude. Ideal letter writers were felt to be surgeons who best know the applicant, and the Chair's letter, when they have no working knowledge of the applicant, was perceived to add little value. Use of specific examples to demonstrate applicant characteristics were favored, and descriptors for coded language should be included to aid in interpretation. Conclusion The focus groups identified best practices to guide writing LOR in support of applicants to general surgery residency. A template of content is provided to improve the efficiency, transparency, and accuracy of these letters for the benefit of students, medical schools, and residency programs.
Comparison of evapotranspiration methods in the DSSAT Cropping System Model: I. Global sensitivity analysis

Abstract Global sensitivity analysis (GSA) is useful for evaluating the responsiveness of agroecosystem models to input parameter adjustments. Evaluations of model sensitivity for diverse water status conditions and evapotranspiration (ET) algorithms will facilitate better use of models to provide water management recommendations. The objective of this study was to conduct a GSA to identify influential parameters in the Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT) Cropping System Model (CSM), specifically using the CROPGRO-Cotton module with data from cotton field studies conducted in 2000, 2001, and 2008 at Bushland, Texas. The field studies tested fully-irrigated, deficit-irrigated, and dryland cotton production in a semi-arid environment. Using high performance computing resources, a GSA was conducted to evaluate the sensitivity of 24 model outputs with respect to 37 model input parameters. The GSA was conducted for six different ET methodologies available in the model. With first-order sensitivity indices 0.05 , nearly half of the tested input parameters did not influence any model output for any of the tested simulation scenarios. Among the parameters with first-order sensitivity indices > 0.05 , eleven were cultivar parameters that controlled crop development and growth, and five were soil parameters that specified initial soil water conditions, soil water limits, drainage rate, and root growth characteristics. The influences of another soil parameter and one ET parameter were relevant only for the ET methods that required them. Large differences in sensitivity indices were found based on the choice between two soil water evaporation methods. In addition to providing insights for other applications of this model, the results specifically informed further efforts to evaluate the model using measured data from the Bushland cotton studies to compare performance among the six ET methods, as reported in a companion paper.
On Stochastic Reduction in Laser-Assisted Dielectric Breakdown for Programmable Nanopore Fabrication

The controlled dielectric breakdown emerged as a promising alternative toward accessible solid-state nanopore fabrication. Several prior studies have shown that laser-assisted dielectric breakdown could help control the nanopore position and reduce the possibility of forming multiple pores. Here, we developed a physical model to estimate the probability of forming a single nanopore under different combinations of the laser power and the electric field. This model relies on the material- and experiment-specific parameters: the Weibull statistical parameters and the laser-induced photothermal etching rate. Both the model and our experimental data suggest that a combination of a high laser power and a low electric field is statistically favorable for forming a single nanopore at a programmed location. While this model relies on experiment-specific parameters, we anticipate it could provide the experimental insights for nanopore fabrication by the laser-assisted dielectric breakdown method, enabling broader access to solid-state nanopores and their sensing applications.
Probing boron thermite energy release at rapid heating rates

Abstract Boron (B) is a promising fuel for energetic materials due to its high gravimetric and volumetric energy density. The enhanced ignition and combustion of B in a thermite with CuO and Bi2O3 and their mixtures compared to single metal oxides was recently demonstrated. In this study, we compared the early-time reaction B-thermite mixtures using the laser-induced air shock from energetic materials (LASEM) technique, bomb calorimetry, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The application of LASEM to B/metal oxide samples has enabled the quantification of their microsecond-timescale energy release and excitation temperatures under extremely high heating rates, and the elucidation of their chemistry differences on both the microsecond and millisecond timescales. The time to peak combustion determined by LASEM follows the trend B/CuO/Bi2O3
THE DELIBERATIVE OPINION CAUCUS: A NEW MECHANISM FOR DEMOCRATIC INPUT AND JUDGMENT

Local governments, including school districts, are faced with the same crisis of legitimacy and credibility confronting all democratic systems today. To develop greater public input and confidence and to determine better actual "public judgment" on issues, one local school district created a 'deliberative opinion caucus' from models by Dahl, Fishkin, and others. Although the 'caucus' failed to reach a statistically representative cross-section of the community as planned, it instituted a mechanism enhancing participants' perceived efficacy and policymakers' knowledge of community desires. Its success provides all local governments a means to improve public knowledge of and confidence in local policymaking.
THREE-DIMENSIONAL THERMOELASTIC PROBLEMS OF PLANES OF DISCONTINUITIES OR CRACKS IN SOLIDS

Presented in this paper is a general formulation of the three-dimensional thermoelastic equations (uncoupled) for problems involving crack-like imperfections or planes of discontinuities of some kind in solids. Harmonic functions are constructed from which the stresses and displacements may be obtained. The thermoelastic potential for symmetric distribution of temperatures on the crack surfaces is related to Boussinesq's three-dimensional logarithmic potential for a disk in the shape of the crack. The mass density of the disk is found to be proportional to the prescribed temperature gradient normal to the crack plane. As an application of the theory, closed form solutions, in terms of complete and incomplete elliptic integrals of the first and second kind are given for a flat elliptical crack whose surfaces are exposed to uniform temperatures and/or temperature gradients. The possibility of extending the Griffith-Irwin theory of fracture to cracks in thermal environments is also discussed.
Computational Experiments using Distributed Tools in a Web-Based Electronic Notebook Environment

Computational environments used by scientists should provide high-level support for scientific processes that involve the integrated and systematic use of familiar abstractions from a laboratory setting, including notebooks, instruments, experiments, and analysis tools. However, doing so while hiding the complexities of the underlying computational platform is a challenge. ViNE is a web-based electronic notebook that implements a high-level interface for applying computational tools in scientific experiments in a location- and platform-independent manner. Using ViNE, a scientist can specify data and tools and construct experiments that apply them in well-defined procedures. ViNE's implementation of the experiment abstraction offers the scientist easy-to-understand framework for building scientific processes. This paper discusses how ViNE implements computational experiments in distributed, heterogeneous computing environments.
Synergistic interaction of ozone and respirable aerosols on rat lungs: II. Synergy between ammonium sulfate aerosol and various concentrations of ozone

Pulmonary responses after continuous exposure of rats to concentrations of ozone (O3) ranging from 0.12 to 0.64 ppm were quantified by measuring tissue collagen synthesis rate, tissue protein and DNA content, and various constituents of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. After 7 days of exposure to 0.64 ppm of O3, lung collagen synthesis rate and tissue content of protein and DNA were elevated. After shorter durations of exposure to 0.64 ppm of O3, significant elevations were observed in the protein content and the activities of lactate dehydrogenase, acid phosphatase, and N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase from lavage fluid. After exposure of rats to 0.20 ppm of O3 for 7 days, changes could be detected in both lung collagen synthesis rate and tissue protein content. Total lavagable protein content, a sensitive indicator for O3-induced effects upon the lung, was significantly elevated in lungs of rats exposed to 0.12 or 0.20 ppm of O3. To examine whether a synergistic interaction occurred between 0.20 or 0.64 ppm of O3 and acid aerosols, rats were continuously exposed to O3 with and without concurrent exposure to 5 mg/m3 of ammonium sulfate. A synergistic interaction between 0.20 ppm of O3 and ammonium sulfate aerosol was observed by measurement of total lavagable protein and of lung collagen synthesis rate. These results demonstrate that ammonium sulfate aerosol interacts synergistically with O3 at concentrations of O3 that approach ambient levels.
Law Professor Blogs Network 2.0: Faculty, IT, and Vendor Collaboration

The Law Professor Blogs Network is the nation's only network of legal blogs edited primarily by law professors. The network owns and operates forty legal blogs, edited by leading scholars and educators who are committed to providing the web destination for law professors, practitioners, government and nonprofit lawyers, legal information professionals, and students in their respective fields. Since the launch of TaxProf Blog on April 15, 2004, the network’s influence has continued to grow with roughly ten million annual page views in recent years. After nine years of operation, the network is undertaking a major re-design to provide the premier legal blogging platform to our editors. The re-design will (1) optimize each blog for viewing across a variety of platforms (desktop, laptop, tablet, and smart phone); (2) better integrate social media; (3) provide more robust analytics with richer and more accurate readership data; and (4) strengthen our partnership with Wolters Kluwer/Aspen Publishers and provide additional avenues for monetization.
Fermat's point from five perspectives

The Fermat point of a triangle is the point such that minimizes the sum of the distances from that point to the three vertices. Five approaches to study the Fermat point of a triangle are presented in this article. First, students use a mechanical device using masses, strings and pulleys to study the Fermat point as the one that minimizes the potential energy of the system. Second, students use soap films between parallel planes connecting three pegs. The tension on the film will be minimal when the sum of distances is minimal. Third, students use an empirical approach, measuring distances in an interactive GeoGebra page. Fourth, students use Euclidean geometry arguments for two proofs based on the Torricelli configuration, and one using Viviani's Theorem. And fifth, the kinematic method is used to gain additional insight on the size of the angles between the segments joining the Fermat point with the vertices.
Effects of filler size, water, and alcohol on hardness and laboratory wear of dental composites.

Three UEDMA/TEGDMA (50:50 by weight) based dental composites were made, each with filler loadings of 53 vol.%. The three composites contained silane‐treated filler particles with average particle diameters of 1.5, 3.0, or 10.0 μm. Twelve specimens per composite were mounted on wear wheels and run through 200,000 cycles in an ACTA wear machine. Six of these specimens per material were worn in slurries consisting of 30 g ground Millet seed shells and 120 g ground rice mixed with 275 mL water. The remaining six specimens were worn in similar 25% ethanol‐water slurries. The composite wear profiles were recorded with a profilometer and used to calculate the wear. Hardness values of the composites were also measured both before and after storage for 2 weeks in either water or in a 25% ethanol–water solution. The wear and hardness values from the measurements were analyzed using ANOVA. The wear analysis showed that the finer composites (1.5 μm filler diameter) wore the least and the coarsest composites (10 μm fi...
Preparation and Characterization of Polymerizable Hindered Amine-Based Antimicrobial Fibrous Materials

A polymerizable hindered amine-based antimicrobial fibrous material was successfully prepared by grafting 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperdyl methacrylate onto cotton fabrics and sequentially chlorinati...
The Search for Quantitative Economic Knowledge

W HEN one changes from an angry young man to an ill-tempered middle-aged one, it seems to be the custom to look back over one's field and view with alarm and point with pride. The latter is what I want to do today as it relates to measurement in economics and the search for tools useful in generating quantitative knowledge. My view of where we have been, where we stand, and where we are going will inevitably be a biased one. However, I am sure the discussants will take care of my sins of omission and commission and will set the record straight.
Chill‐responsive dehydrins in blueberry: Are they associated with cold hardiness or dormancy transitions?

To survive winters, woody perennials of temperate zones must enter into endodormancy. Resumption of spring growth requires sufficient exposure to low temperature (chill units, CUs) in winter (chilling requirement), which also plays a role in the development of cold hardiness (cold acclimation). Physiological studies on dormancy breaking have focused on identifying markers, such as appearance or disappearance of proteins in response to varying degrees of chill unit accumulation. However, whether these changes are associated with dormancy transitions or cold acclimation is not clear. In the present study, greenhouse-grown blueberry (Vaccinium section Cyanococcus) plants were used to address this question. Three blueberry cultivars, Bluecrop, Tifblue, and Gulfcoast having chilling requirement of approximately 1 200, 900 and 600 CUs, respectively, were first exposed to 4°C for long enough to provide chill units equivalent to one-half of their respective chilling requirement. This treatment was expected to result in cold acclimation. A fraction of plants was then subjected to a 15/12°C (light/dark) regime for 2 weeks, a treatment expected to be “dormancy-neutral” but cause deacclimation. Before and after each treatment, cold hardiness and dormancy status of floral buds were determined; proteins were extracted from the buds collected on the same sampling date, and separated by one-dimensional SDS-PAGE. Dehydrin-like proteins were identified by immunoblotting, using anti-dehydrin antiserum. Results indicate that the chilling treatment resulted in cold acclimation as indicated by increased bud hardiness in all three cultivars. Data also indicate a distinct accumulation of three dehydrin-like proteins of 65, 60, and 14 kDa during cold acclimation. The cold hardiness and levels of dehydrin proteins decreased during the exposure to 15/12°C for 2 weeks. Results also confirmed that this treatment had no negative effect on chill unit accumulation. Densitometric scans of protein gels indicated a close association between the abundance of dehydrins and degree of cold hardiness in these cultivars. In addition, levels of the dehydrin proteins and cold hardiness remained about the same between 100% and >100% satisfaction of chilling requirement. These results suggest that changes in dehydrin expression are more closely associated with cold hardiness than with dormancy transitions.
Ground state solutions for singular semi-linear elliptic equations

Abstract We prove the existence of a ground state solution for the semi-linear elliptic equation − Δ u = f ( x , u ) on R N under suitable conditions on a locally Holder continuous non-linearity f ( x , t ) . The non-linearity may exhibit a singularity as t → 0 + .
An Experimental Model of Autoimmune Pancreatitis in the Rat

Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP), a recently defined disease of unknown etiology, is characterized by inflammatory infiltrates in the pancreas with conspicuous involvement of the ducts. The disease clinically manifests in humans as epigastric pain, weight loss, and jaundice. This report describes the development of a novel animal model of this disease in the rat, which we have termed experimental autoimmune pancreatitis. Adoptive transfer of amylase-specific CD4 + T cells was able to confer pancreatitis to naive syngeneic recipient animals. No treatments before the adoptive transfer of T cells were necessary for disease to ensue, and the severity of disease was proportional to the number of T cells administered. The pancreatic lesions of rats with experimental autoimmune pancreatitis were characterized histologically as overwhelmingly lymphocytic with occasional plasma cells, neutrophils, and mast cells. Acinar tissue destruction and ductular inflammation were common features, with less frequent involvement of larger ducts. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed the presence of CD4 + T cells in large numbers as well as CD8 + T cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells. Expression of MHC I and MHC II also increased at the site of the lesion. Clinically, the disease manifested as either failure to gain weight at a rate concomitant with control animals or as outright weight loss. Thus, administration of activated CD4 + T cells specific for the pancreatic enzyme amylase can induce pancreatitis in the rat in a manner that is reminiscent of human AIP.
Future sensor system needs for staring arrays

Abstract This is a systems application paper regarding how sensor systems may use future technology FPAs. A historical perspective is discussed along with lessons learned from previous technologies. Future system requirements for strained super-lattice (SLS), quantum dots (QDOT) and traditional quantum well infrared photo-diodes (QWIP) arrays will be presented from both a commercial and military perspective. New potential markets will open up in the future if certain FPA technologies can reduce cost and provide higher sensitivities at higher operating temperatures.
QUID PRO QUO FOREIGN INVESTMENT AND VERS: A NASH BARGAINING APPROACH*

We construct a two-period model of industry-specific quid pro quo direct foreign investment (DFI) which occurs with the view to increasing the level of a future voluntary export restraint (VER). The wage and the VER are determined through Nash bargaining. We identify the conditions which generate quid pro quo DFI and examine its effects on profits, the utility of the union and welfare. In the absence of political-economy considerations, more DFI increases the degree of endogenous protection.
Synthesis of a New Ligand for Metal Assembly to a Selective Receptor

Diarylphosphinic acid 2, bearing two ethylenediamine groups, was designed with the aim of assembly to form a hydrophobic cavity upon binding to metals. The new ligand was prepared in optically active form from phenylalanine by an efficient sequence which required chromatography only for the P−C bond forming steps. Versatile intermediates in the synthesis are described. Complexes of this ligand with Zn2+ were shown to bind closely related aromatic guests bearing anionic tethered groups with 1000-fold discrimination.
Guilty Pleasures: Feminist Camp from Mae West to Madonna

What makes the feminist camp? "the knida comedy where they imitate me" Mae West's identification with the femininst camp what Trixie and God know - feminist camp in "Gold Diggers of 1933" camping under Western stars - Joan Crawford in "Johnny Guitar" does feminist camp make a difference? or, what we talk about when we talk about Madonna the queens are dead, long live the queens.
ACETYLACETONE ADDUCTS OF RARE EARTH TRIS-THENOYLTRIFLUOROACETONATES IN SYNERGISTIC SOLVENT EXTRACTION.

Abstract The synergistic effect of acetylacetone (Hacac) in the extraction of rare earth thenoyltrifluoroacetonates (Mtta3) was attributed to the formation of the species Mtta3 · Hacac. The adduct was isolated and identified by chemical analyses and i.r. spectra.
Selective Electrical Stimulation of Adult Cardiomyocyte for Studying Intercellular Mechanical Transmission

Heart diseases rank the top among the leading causes of death in the United States, and account for nearly 40% of all deaths 1. As the most important component of heart muscle, cardiac myocytes are the basic units to generate contractile forces and regulate heart function. There are extensive molecular and electrophysiological studies suggesting that the defective intercellular communication in cardiac myocytes is an underlying cause of left ventricular dysfunction in several heart diseases 2,3. However, there are limited evidences in terms of mechanical contractility and electromechanical transmission, which are the direct measures of intercellular communication in myocardium. This is largely due to the lack of appropriate tools that can quantitatively assess the mechanical performance of adult cardiac myocytes. In this study, a microengineered device is developed for quantitative assessment of cardiac mechanical performance in isolated adult myocytes. This device is capable of applying electrical stimulation to selected cardiac myocytes, measuring mechanical force generation in single cells, and examining intercellular mechanical transmission in longitudinally connected doublets of adult cardiac myocytes.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Tracheary element differentiation in Zinnia mesophyll cell cultures

Mechanically isolated mesophyll cells of Zinnia elegans differentiate into tracheary elements (TEs) when cultured in a medium containing adequate auxin and cytokinin. Differentiation in this culture system is relatively synchronous, rapid (occuring within 3 days of cell isolation) and efficient (with up to 65% of the mesophyll cells differentiating into TEs), and does not require prior mitosis. The Zinnia system has been used to investigate (a) cytological and ultrastructural changes occurring during TE differentiation, such as the reorganization of microtubules controlling secondary wall deposition, (b) the influences of calcium and of various plant hormones and antihormones on TE differentiation, and (c) biochemical changes during differentiation, including those occurring during secondary wall deposition, lignification and autolysis. This review summarizes experiments in which the Zinnia system has served as a model for the study of TE differentiation.
Catalytic action of minerals in the low temperature oxidation of coal

Abstract The mild oxidation of coal by air in a fluidized-bed reactor has been studied by utilizing X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy accompanied by energy dispersive X-ray analysis and Mossbauer spectroscopy. These techniques show that some of the highly dispersed minerals in coals undergo changes concurrently with the reactions of the coal matter. An oxidation treatment at a reactor temperature of 350 °C transforms most of the pyrite (FeS 2 ) into hematite (Fe 2 O 3 ) andthecalcite (CaCO 3 ) into anhydrite (CaSO 4 ). Pronounced pitting of the coal surface was observed in the vicinity of mineral crystallites and particles. Calcium was present as a dominant element in those minerals that caused the oxidative pitting to occur most rapidly.
Forest soils and carbon sequestration

Soils in equilibrium with a natural forest ecosystem have high carbon (C) density. The ratio of soil:vegetation C density increases with latitude. Land use change, particularly conversion to agricultural ecosystems, depletes the soil C stock. Thus, degraded agricultural soils have lower soil organic carbon (SOC) stock than their potential capacity. Consequently, afforestation of agricultural soils and management of forest plantations can enhance SOC stock through C sequestration. The rate of SOC sequestration, and the magnitude and quality of soil C stock depend on the complex interaction between climate, soils, tree species and management, and chemical composition of the litter as determined by the dominant tree species. Increasing production of forest biomass per se may not necessarily increase the SOC stocks. Fire, natural or managed, is an important perturbation that can affect soil C stock for a long period after the event. The soil C stock can be greatly enhanced by a careful site preparation, adequate soil drainage, growing species with a high NPP, applying N and micronutrients (Fe) as fertilizers or biosolids, and conserving soil and water resources. Climate change may also stimulate forest growth by enhancing availability of mineral N and through the CO2 fertilization effect, which may partly compensate release of soil C in response to warming. There are significant advances in measurement of soil C stock and fluxes, and scaling of C stock from pedon/plot scale to regional and national scales. Soil C sequestration in boreal and temperate forests may be an important strategy to ameliorate changes in atmospheric chemistry.
Functional properties of ornithine-ketoacid aminotransferase from rat liver.

Abstract Functional properties of rat liver ornithine ketoacid aminotransferase ( l -ornithine:2-oxoacid aminotransferase, EC 2.6.1.13) were examined by two procedures: (A) The overall enzyme reaction was separated into its component half-reactions and the capacity of the enzyme to react with each of its substrates individually was investigated under different conditions. (B) The enzyme was exposed to pyridoxal phosphate, and resultant effects on enzyme activity and pyridoxal phosphate binding were analyzed. The following properties of the enzyme were disclosed by these studies. 1. 1. The reaction of the enzyme with ornithine alone is maximal between pH 8 and 10 whereas its reaction with α-ketoglutarate is maximal between pH 6 and 8. The pH optimum for the overall reaction (pH 8.15) coincides with the point of intersection of the curves for the half reactions. 2. 2. The pyridoxamine form of the enzyme, produced by the reaction of the pyridoxal enzyme with ornithine, reverts to the pyridoxal form in the absence of the second substrate. The rate of this reversion is lower in Tris than in phosphate buffer, although the catalytic activity of the enzyme is identical in both buffers. The lability of pyridoxamine at the active site is a consequence of its attachment to the apoenzyme, since free pyridoxamine phosphate does not release its amino group under the same conditions. It is suggested that this destabilizing effect of the apoenzyme is important to its role in the catalysis of the amino-transfer reaction. 3. 3. Exposure of the enzyme to excess pyridoxal phosphate is accompanied by the partial inactivation of the enzyme. This partial inactivation coincides with the binding of a small amount of pyridoxal phosphate to the enzyme. The further binding of pyridoxal phosphate produces no additional inactivation. Since pyridoxal phosphate reacts specifically with lysine residues in proteins the results suggest that certain of the lysine residues are involved in maintaining the enzyme at full catalytic capacity while others are functionally inert.
Does clinical depression affect the accuracy of self-reported height and weight in obese women?

Objective: Recent research from a self-report survey showed a strong association between obesity and clinical depression in women. The present analysis assessed whether differential bias in self-reports of height and weight as a function of depression influences the apparent strength of the association. Methods: Accuracy of self-reported height and weight was assessed in 250 obese (mean BMI=38.7 kg/m2) women, 135 of whom met the American Psychiatric Association DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for clinical depression. Results: Depressed and non-depressed women underreported their weight by 1.5 and 1.2 kg, respectively. They underreported their height by 0.002 and 0.003 m, respectively. Discussion: Bias in self-reports of body weight and height is similar in depressed and non-depressed obese women. The underreporting of weight in both groups is similar in magnitude to that seen in normal weight women. Thus, using self-reports of height and weight seems unlikely to bias estimates of the association between obesity and clinical depression in women.
Impacts of acidification on macroinvertebrate communities in streams of the western Adirondack Mountains, New York, USA

Abstract Limited stream chemistry and macroinvertebrate data indicate that acidic deposition has adversely affected benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages in numerous headwater streams of the western Adirondack Mountains of New York. No studies, however, have quantified the effects that acidic deposition and acidification may have had on resident fish and macroinvertebrate communities in streams of the region. As part of the Western Adirondack Stream Survey, water chemistry from 200 streams was sampled five times and macroinvertebrate communities were surveyed once from a subset of 36 streams in the Oswegatchie and Black River Basins during 2003–2005 and evaluated to: (a) document the effects that chronic and episodic acidification have on macroinvertebrate communities across the region, (b) define the relations between acidification and the health of affected species assemblages, and (c) assess indicators and thresholds of biological effects. Concentrations of inorganic Al in 66% of the 200 streams periodically reached concentrations toxic to acid-tolerant biota. A new acid biological assessment profile (acidBAP) index for macroinvertebrates, derived from percent mayfly richness and percent acid-tolerant taxa, was strongly correlated (R2 values range from 0.58 to 0.76) with concentrations of inorganic Al, pH, ANC, and base cation surplus (BCS). The BCS and acidBAP index helped remove confounding influences of natural organic acidity and to redefine acidification-effect thresholds and biological-impact categories. AcidBAP scores indicated that macroinvertebrate communities were moderately or severely impacted by acidification in 44–56% of 36 study streams, however, additional data from randomly selected streams is needed to accurately estimate the true percentage of streams in which macroinvertebrate communities are adversely affected in this, or other, regions. As biologically relevant measures of impacts caused by acidification, both BCS and acidBAP may be useful indicators of ecosystem effects and potential recovery at the local and regional scale.
The impact of social experience on neurobiological systems: illustration from a constructivist view of child maltreatment

Abstract In this article, I highlight the discipline of developmental psychopathology as an integrative framework that builds upon the historical underpinnings of a constructivist perspective. After presenting illustrative developmental psychopathology principles that I consider to be central to a constructivist view, I turn my attention to the role of experience on brain development. This serves as the entree into a discussion of research conducted with maltreated children on brain event-related potentials (ERPs) and the cognitive processing of emotional stimuli, neuroendocrine functioning, and acoustic startle. Each of these components of brain functioning serve to underscore how different neurobiological systems reflect the way in which individuals ascribe meaning to traumatic experiences. Research on child maltreatment, an “experiment of nature,” reveals that maltreated children actively construct their reality at both the biological and psychological levels of analysis, at least in part based on the meaning these children impute to their caregiving experiences.
Adult attachment style and partner choice: Correlational and experimental findings

Three studies were conducted to assess the role of attachment style in partner selection using both correlational and experimental methods. Study 1 (n = 83 couples) assessed correlations between partner ratings on attachment-style dimensions and the relations between own and partner attachment style and relationship satisfaction. In Study 2 (n = 226) and Study 3 (n = 146), participants who varied in terms of attachment style rated the desirability of potential partners who also differed in terms of attachment style. Results of all three studies generally suggested that individuals were most attracted to partners with similar attachment styles. For example, anxious individuals tended to be dating anxious partners in Study 1, and they preferred anxious partners over secure and avoidant partners in Studies 2 and 3 (combined data). Thus, not all individuals preferred secure partners. Second, unlike previous studies that looked primarily at partner correlations, there was no evidence of anxious/avoidant matching. In fact, anxious individuals seemed particularly averse to avoidant partners. Finally, ratings of parental caregiving styles (especially ratings of mothers) were associated with adult attachment dimensions and partner choices. For example, individuals who rated their mothers as more cold and ambivalent were less attracted to secure partners. Clinical and research implications are discussed.
Cesium-graphite sorption isotherms determined by a static method☆

The Sorption of cesium by nuclear-grade graphite in the temperature range 800° to 1100°C and at partial pressures of 1 × 10−8 to 7× 10−3 atm has been determined by static method. Approximately 0.5 g of graphite, having a known BET surface area, is placed in the horizontal leg of a Pyrex-stainless steel, L-shaped, evacuated tube, and cesium metal tagged with 137Cs is distilled into the other leg. The entire system is thoroughly outgassed and sealed off at a pressure of ~10−5 mm Hg. During a run the cesium pressure is fixed by maintaining the cesium metal source at a constant temperature. The amount of cesium on the graphite specimen is monitored with a calibrated gamma scintillation counter until an equilibrium condition has been established at the desired specimen temperature and cesium pressure. The data obtained indicate chemisorption at concentrations below that corresponding to a monolayer of coverage of internal (BET) surface area. Under these conditions, the cesium pressure has been found to be proportional to the cesium concentration to the nth power, where n is approximately 3–6, depending on temperature. Isosteric heats of sorption are of the order of 40–90 kcal/mole, depending on concentration. More complex isotherms and less strong sorption are found for concentrations corresponding to greater than a monolayer of coverage.
Impact of the 3,6,9-trioxadecyloxy group on desazadesferrithiocin analogue iron clearance and organ distribution.

The impact of introducing a 3,6,9-trioxadecyloxyl group at various positions of the desazadesferrithiocin (DADFT) aromatic ring on iron clearance and organ distribution is described. Three DADFT polyethers are evaluated: (S)-4,5-dihydro-2-[2-hydroxy-4-(3,6,9-trioxadecyloxy)phenyl]-4-methyl-4-thiazolecarboxylic acid [(S)-4‘-(HO)-DADFT-PE, 3], (S)-4,5-dihydro-2-[2-hydroxy-5-(3,6,9-trioxadecyloxy)phenyl]-4-methyl-4-thiazolecarboxylic acid [(S)-5‘-(HO)-DADFT-PE, 6], and (S)-4,5-dihydro-2-[2-hydroxy-3-(3,6,9-trioxadecyloxy)phenyl]-4-methyl-4-thiazolecarboxylic acid [(S)-3‘-(HO)-DADFT-PE, 9]. The iron-clearing efficiency (ICE) in rodents and primates is shown to be very sensitive to which positional isomer is evaluated, as is the organ distribution in rodents. The polyethers had uniformly higher ICEs than their corresponding parent ligands in rodents, consistent with in vivo ligand−serum albumin binding studies. Ligand 9 is the most active polyether analogue in rodents and is also very effective in primates, s...
Uniqueness of equilibrium in cost sharing games

Abstract A group of agents share a common production process transforming a given input into a given output. In a cost sharing game, each agent simultaneously demands an amount of output; the cost of producing this output is then divided by a given cost sharing mechanism. We seek to find the minimum restrictions that must be placed on a cost sharing mechanism in order to generate a unique Nash equilibrium, given that each player’s preferences are convex and bi-normal (meaning both the input and the output are normal goods). Hence, our conditions for uniqueness are both necessary and sufficient, while previous results give sufficient conditions only. Our results are then applied to several popular cost sharing mechanisms.
Organometallic chemistry at the interface with materials science

Abstract Surface hydroxyl groups of indium tin oxide (ITO) react with zirconium or tin alkoxides to give surface metal alkoxide complexes, which can be converted to surface metallic complexes of carboxylates or phenoxides. These latter surface complexes can be used to modify electrode properties of the ITO.
Isoflurane reduces the ischemia reperfusion injury surge: a longitudinal study with MRI.

Abstract Background Recent studies show neuroprotective benefits of isoflurane (ISO) administered during cerebral ischemia. However, the available studies evaluated cerebral injury only at a single time point following the intervention and thus the longitudinal effect of ISO on ischemic tissues remains to be investigated. Objective: The objective of the present study was to investigate the longitudinal effect of ISO treatment in counteracting the deleterious effect of ischemia by evoking the transcription factor, hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Methods: Focal cerebral ischemia was induced in 70 rats by filament medial cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) method. MCAo rats were randomly assigned to control (90 min ischemia) and MCAo+ISO (90 min ischemia+2% ISO) groups. Infarct volume, edema, intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) were measured in eight in vivo sequential MR imaging sessions for 3 weeks. Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence were used to determine the expression level of HIF-1α (the regulatable subunit of HIF-1) and VEGF proteins. Results: ISO inhalation during ischemia significantly decreased the surge of infarct volume, edema, ICH, and reduced the mortality rate (p
Perceived versus actual knowledge about correct condom use among U.S. adolescents: results from a national study

Abstract Purpose: To assess the prevalence of three misconceptions about correct condom use and determine whether prevalence of these misconceptions varied by gender, sexual intercourse experience, experience using condoms, and the relationship between adolescents' actual and perceived knowledge about correct condom use. Variables that predicted misconceptions about correct condom use were also identified. Methods: Data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health were analyzed to determine prevalence of misconceptions among 16,677 adolescents. Misconceptions were: (a) no space at the tip of the condom, (b) Vaseline can be used with condoms, and (c) lambskin protects against the acquired immunodeficiency virus better than latex. Chi-square analyses determined differences in prevalence of misconceptions between male and female adolescents based on their sexual and condom use experience as well as their level of perceived knowledge about correct condom use. Logistic regression models identified predictors of reporting misconceptions. Results: Depending on intercourse experience and experience using condoms, about one-third to one-half believed the first two misconceptions and about one-fifth believed the latter one. Perception of knowledge about correct condom use was infrequently related to actual knowledge. Misconceptions were less likely among older adolescents, those ever having intercourse, those reporting four or more lifetime intercourse partners, those who had used condoms, females, and those not reporting a religious affiliation. Conclusions: Misconceptions about correct condom use are common among adolescents. Sexually active adolescents need more complete information about correct condom use.
Action-state orientation and the self-regulation of eating behavior.

Abstract The present study examined the association between eating behavior and individual differences in volitional functioning as assessed by the Action Control Scale [Kuhl, J. (1994a). Action versus state orientation: psychometric properties of the Action-Control Scale (ACS-90). Volition and personality: action versus state orientation (pp. 47–56). Seattle: Hogrefe Huber]. Two hundred and nineteen undergraduate women completed measures of personality, affect, and eating behavior, which included the Action Control Scale (ACS) and the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire [J. Psychosom. Res. 29 (1985) 71]. Hierarchical regression analyses that controlled for the influence of negative affect showed that scores on the Hesitation subscale of the ACS were positively associated with overeating and negatively associated with dietary restraint. These findings illustrate the importance of action–state orientation in the self-regulation of eating behavior and suggest the potential utility of targeting volitional skills in interventions to modify dysfunctional patterns of eating.
The effect of cloud type on earth's energy balance - results for selected regions

International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) C1 cloud information is compared with planetary albedo, outgoing longwave radiation (OLR), and net radiation measured at the top of the atmosphere by the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE). Principal component analysis indicates that the day-to-day variations of the abundances of the 35 cloud types of the C1 data are correlated with each other, so that for many purposes the data set can be well represented by about five cloud types. Using stepwise multiple regression, the ISCCP C1 data can be used to predict the day-to-day variations of the energy balance measured by ERBE for 2.5-deg regions. Total fractional area coverage of cloudiness is a relatively poor predictor of radiation budget quantities. If the total fractional area coverage by clouds is divided into contributions from several distinct cloud types, the fractional coverages by these several cloud types will together form a much better prediction of radiation budget quantities than the single variable of total fractional-area cloud coverage. The regression equations can be used to estimate the net effect of clouds on the radiation balance and the contributions from particular types of clouds to albedo, OLR, and net radiation.