cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Social deprivation and the HPA axis in early development

Growing evidence suggests that early social deprivation impacts the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis. Early adverse care in the form of institutional or orphanage care provides a human model for early social deprivation. The present study examined changes in diurnal cortisol during the transition to family care in the first 2 years post-adoption. Children adopted between 15 and 36 months from institutional care were examined four times during their first 2 years post-adoption (N=58). Comparison groups included same-aged peers reared in their birth families (N=50) and children adopted during their first year from overseas foster care (N=47). Children provided daily cortisol samples at roughly 2, 9, 17, and 25 months post-adoption. Post-institutionalized and post-foster care children exhibited less steep diurnal cortisol compared to non-adopted same-aged peers; these differences did not diminish across the 2 year period. For post-institutionalized children, lower social care quality in institutions was associated with less steep cortisol slopes. Lastly, shallower diurnal cortisol was a mediator between adoption status and increased behavioral problems 2 years post-adoption. Consistent with the non-human primate literature, early social deprivation may contribute to early programming of the HPA axis.
Preimaginal development, adult longevity and fecundity ofEncarsia inaron (Hym.: Aphelinidae) parasitizingSiphoninus phillyreae (Hom.: Aleyrodidae) in California

A laboratory study of preimaginal development, adult longevity and fecundity ofEncarsia inaron (Walker) was conducted. Preimaginal developmental times varied with temperature, from 55–60 d at 15±1°C to 14–17 d at 30±1°C. No development took place at 10°C, which was approximately the developmental minimum estimated from regression analysis of developmental rates vs. temperature in the range 15–30°C. Development was slowed and survival was reduced at 32°C. Females lived an average of 18.6 days and laid a average of 159 eggs/female at 25°C. At 25°C, average preimaginal survival was 59.3%, and the sex ratio was 73.5% female. The net reproductive rate (R0) forE. inaron calculated from these studies was 69.3, while the intrinsic rate of natural increase was 0.1686 individuals per individual per day. Oviposition was concentrated slightly in third instar nymphs of the host.
A FCCM for dataflow (spreadsheet) programs

We show how the University of Hawaii's field programmable gate array (FPGA) based custom machine (FCCM) can be used for dataflow programs expressed as spreadsheets. We also describe some nontrivial applications of this dataflow spreadsheet FCCM. These applications include computing the discrete cosine transform and solving dynamic programming problems.
Application Aware Overlay One-to-Many Data Dissemination Protocol for High-Bandwidth Sensor Actuator Networks

An application-aware deterministic overlay one-to-many (DOOM) protocol is proposed for meeting heterogeneous QoS requirements of multiple end users of high-bandwidth sensor actuator network (HB-SAN) applications. Although DOOM is initially targeted for use in collaborative adaptive systems of weather radars, it has been designed for use in wider class of sensing systems. DOOM protocol performs rate-based application aware congestion control by selecting end user specific subset of the sensor data for transmission thus adapting to available network infrastructure under dynamic network conditions. Performance of DOOM is evaluated for radar networking using a combination of Planetlab as well as an emulation based test-bed. It is shown that DOOM protocol is able to meet individual end user QoS requirements as well as aggregate QoS requirements of different end users. Moreover, multiple DOOM streams are friendly to each other as well as to TCP cross- traffic sharing the bottleneck link
Discussion of J.A.G. Cooper, C. Lemckert, Extreme sea level rise and adaptation options for coastal resort cities: A qualitative assessment from the Gold Coast, Australia, Ocean & Coastal Management, In Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available online 18 April 2012

Abstract In a recent article, Cooper and Lemckert discussed the opportunity to experience extreme sea level rise in Gold Coast, Australia. The authors outlined the potential impacts of 1 m, 2 m and 5 m potential sea level rise (SLR) on the Gold Coast assuming that current occurrences of surges, cyclones and rainfall are superimposed on these. The suggestion from their contribution was that planning a 2 m SLR might just be accommodated and without it a 1 m SLR could not. The study unfortunately focuses on the sea level rise issue actually not that dramatic in a region conversely periodically affected by severe floods still far from being properly addressed. At the current rate of rise of sea levels for the region, properly assessed at about 1 mm/year with no detectable component of acceleration in perfect agreement with the worldwide average, the 1 m, 2 m and 5 m scenarios may be projected very far from now in time and therefore should not be of concern now. This comment holds for all the papers with the unrealistic expectation of SLR up to 5 m within few years.
A novel wheat gene encoding a putative chitin-binding lectin is associated with resistance against Hessian fly

SUMMARY The gene-for-gene interaction triggering resistance of wheat against first-instar Hessian fly larvae utilizes specialized defence response genes not previously identified in other interactions with pests or pathogens. We characterized the expression of Hfr-3, a novel gene encoding a lectin-like protein with 68-70% identity to the wheat germ agglutinins. Within each of the four predicted chitin-binding hevein domains, the HFR-3 translated protein sequence contained five conserved saccharide-binding amino acids. Quantification of Hfr-3 mRNA levels confirmed a rapid response and gradual increase, up to 3000-fold above the uninfested control in the incompatible interaction 3 days after egg hatch. Hfr-3 mRNA abundance was influenced by the number of larvae per plant, suggesting that resistance is localized rather than systemic. In addition, Hfr-3 was responsive to another sucking insect, the bird cherry-oat aphid, but not to fall armyworm attack, wounding or exogenous application of methyl jasmonate, salicylic acid or abscisic acid. Western blot analysis demonstrated that HFR-3 protein increased in parallel to mRNA levels in crown tissues during incompatible interactions. HFR-3 protein was detected in both virulent and avirulent larvae, indicating ingestion. Anti-nutritional proteins, such as lectins, may be responsible for the apparent starvation of avirulent first-instar Hessian fly larvae during the initial few days of incompatible interactions with resistant wheat plants.
Multidomain Modeling of Spatial Distributions of Tissue Optical Properties During Indentation: Mechanical Tissue Optical Clearing Devices as Diagnostic Tools

Soft tissues are highly heterogeneous materials comprised of water, proteins, and many types of cells. This composite configuration results in a large mismatch in index of refraction between tissue constituents, creating a high-scattering medium in the visible and near-infrared range. “Tissue optical clearing” can increase light transmission through these tissues, potentially improving both optical diagnostic and therapeutic procedures [1]. Dehydration has been shown to be a mechanism of optical clearing, and previous work has investigated mechanical loading as a method of creating reversible localized water displacement in skin using novel mechanical tissue optical clearing devices (TOCDs) [2]. In addition to potentially enhancing established light-based procedures, the principles of TOCD operation may provide a platform for a novel diagnostic tool capable of utilizing many different measurement types simultaneously.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Gene expression profiles in HEK-293 cells with low or high store-operated calcium entry: can regulatory as well as regulated genes be identified?

Gene expression profiles were generated using cDNA microarray technology for clones of human embryonic kidney (HEK)-293 cells selected to have either high or low levels of store-operated Ca2+ entry...
Diet of the Baja California Rattlesnake, Crotalus enyo (Viperidae)

Abstract The Baja California rattlesnake, Crotalus enyo, is a medium-sized rattlesnake restricted to the southern two-thirds of the Baja California peninsula. Very little is known about the natural history of this species. The goal of this study was to document the diet of C. enyo. I dissected the stomachs and hindguts of 113 preserved museum specimens of C. enyo and identified the ingested prey items. The diet of C. enyo consists of small rodents, lizards, and centipedes. Crotalus enyo of all sizes eat rodents and lizards, in contrast to many other rattlesnakes that eat almost exclusively lizards as juveniles and mammals as adults. However, C. enyo exhibits a modest ontogenetic shift in diet: small snakes eat lizards more often than do large snakes, and large snakes eat mammals more often than do small snakes. Adult C. enyo also eat large centipedes of the genus Scolopendra. Larger snakes tended to contain multiple prey items more often than smaller snakes, but this trend was not significant. Crotalus en...
FcεRI expression and dynamics on mast cells.

Mast cells are key effector and immunoregulatory cells in IgE-associated immune responses, including allergic disorders. IgE antibodies bind to the high-affinity IgE receptor, FceRI, expressed on the surface of mast cells; antigen-induced cross-linking of FceRI-bound IgE molecules activates the mast cell to release an array of proinflammatory and immunomodulatory mediators. Because mast cells often respond to very low levels of antigen in vivo, the level of FceRI expressed on the surface of these cells is an important factor in determining the responsiveness of these cells to antigen. FceRI surface expression is regulated by a number of processes, including FceRI stabilization, FceRI recycling, and antigen-induced internalization. Although members of the Rab family of small GTPases and the ubiquitin ligase, Cbl, have recently emerged as major regulators of many of the membrane trafficking events that govern FceRI expression levels, the mechanisms and intracellular pathways that regulate FceRI trafficking remain poorly defined. This chapter outlines a number of flow cytometry-based assays that can be used to investigate cell surface FceRI expression and dynamics (stabilization, recycling, and internalization) on bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMCMCs), the most commonly used model system for studying mast cells in vitro. Given the importance of FceRI levels to mast cell responsiveness and function, the characterization of FceRI expression and dynamics on different mast cell populations is critical when trying to compare IgE-dependent processes between different mast cell populations.
Effects of Family, Feeding Frequency, and Alternate Food Type on Body Size and Survival of Hatchery-Produced and Wild-Caught Lake Sturgeon Larvae

AbstractStudies that evaluate the effects of different feeding strategies (e.g., feeding frequency and food type) on larval fish growth and survival are important for aquaculture productivity. We quantified the effects of common feeding strategies on the growth and survival of larval Lake Sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens. At 30 d after initiation of exogenous feeding, the TL and body weight of larvae reared under a treatment regime of three feedings per day (TL [mean ± SE] = 46.83 ± 0.43 mm; body weight = 0.41 ± 0.01 g) were significantly greater than those of fish reared under a regime of 12 feedings per day (TL = 45.73 ± 0.54 mm; body weight = 0.39 ± 0.02 g). Alternate food type and family were documented to have significant effects on the body weight of hatchery-produced larvae at 14 d postexogenous feeding: body weight was significantly greater for larvae that were fed brine shrimp Artemia spp. (family 1 [mean ± SE]: 0.31 ± 0.004 g; family 2: 0.35 ± 0.006 g) than for larvae that received formulated food ...
Use of the Word 'Fuck' in Pedagogy and Higher Learning

George Carlin famously stated that “fuck” is “perhaps one of the most interesting words in the English language today. In English, ‘fuck’ falls into many grammatical categories. With all these multipurpose applications, how can anyone be offended when you use the word?” Discussing “fuck” as a fascinating component of grammar certainly makes the word “fuck” seem like it belongs in academia. This Article endeavors to analyze students’ complex opinions about use of the word “fuck” in American pedagogy and higher learning. Section II analyzes First Amendment case law and use of the word in educational and societal contexts. Section III discusses some Sociology students’ opinions about the use of the word “fuck” in pedagogy and higher learning. Their perspectives about the use of the word include positive, negative, and neutral feelings and perceptions. Ultimately, students felt positively about the use of the word, in general, and felt that free speech protected its use at their public university. However, many students cautioned that context was important to maintaining a safe learning environment, avoiding offense, and appropriately expressing ideas. They also suggested several contexts in which use of the word “fuck” would be inappropriate. Section IV discusses how students’ opinions may be relevant to educators’ decision to include the word “fuck” in pedagogy, and also considers legal and social standards that limit such speech. Students’ opinions about propriety may be important for understanding Constitutional jurisprudence and speech limits in pedagogy because limits on speech are often defined by the words’ offensiveness.
Comparative Resistance of Four Honey Bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae) Stocks to Infestation by Acarapis woodi (Acari: Tarsonemidae)

The prevalence, mean intensity, and abundance of Acarapis woodi (Rennie) in 4 selected stocks of honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) were monitored under field conditions. The test stocks used were ARS-Y-C-1 (A. mellifera carnica imported from Yugoslavia), Hastings (A. mellifera carnica imported from northern Saskatchewan), F 1 hybrid between ARS-Y-C-1 and Hastings, and Louisiana stock available at the Baton Rouge laboratory apiaries. Two trials were conducted. The 1st trial used 20 colonies per stock and continued for 2 yr. The 2nd trial used 10 colonies per stock and was monitored for 1 yr. Results of both trials showed that ARS-Y-C-1 and F 1 hybrids consistently maintained approximately a 10% level of A. woodi infestation, which is below the level that causes economic damage to host colonies. These stocks also had significantly lower mean intensities of mites than the Hastings and Louisiana bees. A. woodi was least abundant in the F 1 hybrid. Similar numbers of mites per bee were found in ARS-Y-C-1, Hastings and Louisiana stocks. These observations suggest that both ARS-Y-C-1 and F 1 hybrids are resistant to A. woodi.
PAF-induced bowel necrosis. Effects of vasodilators.

Ischemic bowel necrosis in the rat is produced by injecting platelet-activating factor (PAF) intravenously. Since intestinal hypoperfusion is observed after PAF injection, we hypothesize that mesenteric vasoconstriction is the mechanism of bowel injury. We thus studied the effects of vasodilators in this model. We found that: (1) Phenoxybenzamine, prazosin, ICI 198615 (leukotriene antagonist) and PGE1 counteracted the PAF-induced mesenteric flow reduction and ameliorated the bowel injury. However, phenoxybenzamine and prazosin were relatively ineffective in correcting PAF-induced hypotension, showing that bowel injury can be prevented independently of the hypotensive state. (2) Nitroglycerin failed to prevent bowel injury, although it improved the mesenteric blood flow. Thus, in opposition to our initial hypothesis, correction of the mesenteric flow reduction induced by PAF does not always prevent intestinal necrosis. (3) Only phenoxybenzamine, prazosin, ICI 198615, and PGE1 ameliorated PAF-induced hemoconcentration and bowel injury. This suggests a correlation between vascular injury (expressed by “leaky” vessels and the consequent hemoconcentration) and bowel necrosis. (4) Although both nitroglycerin and hydralazine relax smooth muscle, hydralazine seemed to aggravate bowel necrosis. The mechanism remains unclear.
Association Between Initial Oral Therapy and Outcomes in Systemic Sclerosis-Related Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.

Objective To compare time to clinical worsening (TTCW) based on initial oral therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc)–related PAH. Methods Using data from the Pulmonary Hypertension Assessment and Recognition of Outcomes in Scleroderma (PHAROS) registry (a multicenter prospective observational study enrolling SSc patients with incident pulmonary hypertension), we selected patients with group 1 PAH (World Health Organization Clinical Classification system) who received initial therapy (for 6 months) with an endothelin receptor antagonist (ERA), a phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitor, or a combination of these 2 agents (ERA/PDE5 inhibitor). The main outcome was TTCW, defined as the first occurrence of death, PAH-related hospitalization, lung transplantation, initiation of parenteral prostacyclin treatment, or worsening symptoms. Results Ninety-eight patients (24 in the ERA group, 59 in the PDE5 inhibitor group, and 15 in the ERA/PDE5 inhibitor group) were included. No significant differences in the baseline characteristics of the patients were observed. TTCW was significantly worse in patients in the ERA group compared with those in the PDE5 inhibitor group or the ERA/PDE5 inhibitor group. Ten patients (41.6%) in the ERA group died during the 3-year observation period, compared with 4 patients (6.8%) in the PDE5 inhibitor group and 1 patient (6.7%) in the ERA/PDE5 inhibitor group. Baseline factors that were independently associated with a shorter TTCW were initial treatment with an ERA (hazard ratio [HR] 2.63 [P = 0.009]), lower diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (HR 0.69 per 10% of predicted change [P = 0.04]), and higher pulmonary vascular resistance (HR 1.10 per Wood unit change [P = 0.007]). Conclusion Compared with initial treatment with a PDE5 inhibitor or combination therapy with an ERA and a PDE5 inhibitor, initial therapy with an ERA in patients with SSc-related PAH was associated with significantly worse TTCW, even after adjustment for commonly accepted prognostic factors. Further study into the optimal initial oral therapy for patients with SSc-related PAH is needed.
The application of the gray system in TB prediction

Objective:Through the grey system forecasting some years TB infection situation of one couty,to investigate the gray system in TB prediction of application.Methods:By consulting the time-series method years TB disease data,using grey system for predicting,and inspection.Results:Through consulting the time-series method years TB disease data,set up grey prediction system,using the grey system of TB infection situation to carry on the forecast,and to inspect the results.Conclusion:As the incidence of tuberculosis have multiple factors,establishment of multi-factor model of tuberculosis is more complex,gray system as a relatively simple predictive model,less factors to consider,less sample to volume,may be to forecast the recent trend of TB,for grassroots tuberculosis prevention and control unit is comparatively simple method.
Divalent Anion Transport in Crustacean and Molluscan Gastrointestinal Epithelia

A novel invertebrate gastrointestinal transport mechanism has been shown to couple chloride/sulfate exchange in an electrogenic fashion. In the lobster, Homarus americanus, the hepatopancreas, or digestive gland, exists as an outpock- eting of the digestive tract, representing a single cell layer separating the gut lumen and an open circulatory system comprised of hemolymph. Investigations utilizing independently prepared brush-border and basolateral membrane vesicles revealed discrete antiport systems which possess the capacity to bring about a transcellu- lar secretion of sulfate. The luminal antiport system functions as a high affinity, one-to-one chloride/sulfate exchanger that is stimulated by an increase in luminal hydrogen ion concentration. Such a system would take advantage of the high chlo- ride concentration of ingested seawater, as well as the high proton concentrations generated during digestion, which further suggests a potential regulation by resi- dent sodium-proton exchangers. Exchange of one chloride for one divalent sulfate ion provides the driving force for electrogenic vectorial translocation. The basolat- eral antiport system was found to be electroneutral in nature, responsive to gradients of the dicarboxylic anion oxalate, while lacking in proton stimulation. No evidence of sodium/sulfate cotransport, commonly reported for the brush border of verte- brate renal and intestinal epithelia, was observed in either membrane preparation. The two antiporters together can account for the low hemolymph to seawater sulfate levels previously described in decapod crustaceans. A secretory pathway for sulfate based upon electrogenic chloride-antiport may appear among invertebrates partly in response to digestion taking place in a seawater environment.
How fast will the registered nurse workforce grow through 2030? Projections in nine regions of the country

Abstract Background After an unprecedented increase in nursing school enrollment and graduates in the past 10 years, projected shortages of nurses have been erased at a national level. However, nursing markets are local, and an uneven distribution of health care providers of all types is a longstanding feature of health care in the United States. Purpose The purpose of this study was to understand how the outlook for future registered nurse (RN) supply varies regionally across the United States. Methods We apply our nursing supply model to the nine U.S. Census Divisions to produce separate supply forecasts for each region. Discussion We find dramatic differences in expected future growth of the nursing workforce across U.S. regions. These range from zero expected growth in the number of RNs per capita in New England and in the Pacific regions between 2015 and 2030 to 40% growth in the East South Central region (Mississippi, Alabama, Tennessee, Kentucky) and in the West South Central region (Texas, Oklahoma, Arkansas, Louisiana). Conclusion Assuming growth in the demand for RNs per population, some regions of the United States are expected to face shortfalls in their nursing workforce if recent trends do not change.
Coordination of Care for Breast Reconstruction Patients: A Provider Survey.

Abstract Objectives Communication between medical oncologists (MOs) and plastic surgeons (PSs) is important to optimize outcomes for patients with breast cancer seeking breast reconstruction. We sought to evaluate the knowledge MOs and PSs have of each others' fields, roles expected of each other, and frequency of communication. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted in a convenience sample of MOs and PSs. The survey included knowledge questions about reconstruction and chemotherapy, questions about provider and patient responsibilities for timely chemotherapy initiation, and questions about communication with other specialties. Results MOs and PSs had similar knowledge scores (MOs, 59%; PSs, 56%; P = .5), but both lacked knowledge about aspects of the other specialty's field related to breast reconstruction. The MOs and PSs agreed on the MOs' degree of responsibility for timely chemotherapy initiation (MOs mean, 4.6; PSs mean, 4.4 (out of 5); P = .2). However, they disagreed about the PS's responsibility for timely chemotherapy initiation (MOs mean, 3.8; PSs mean, 3.0; P = .01). Communication occurred about 2.5 times more often for patients with complications than patients without complications ( P Conclusion MOs and PSs have deficits in knowledge about each other fields and differ in their opinion regarding the burden of responsibility in ensuring timely chemotherapy initiation, suggesting room for improvement in communication and understanding.
Crk II silencing down-regulates IGF-IR and inhibits migration and invasion of prostate cancer cells

Crk (C10 regulator of kinase) adaptor proteins are highly expressed in many types of human cancers and often contribute to aggressive cancer phenotypes. Crk II, a member of CRK family, has been reported to regulate cell migration and metastasis in breast cancer cells. However, its role in other cancer types has not been reported. In this study, we investigated the molecular function of Crk II in prostate cancer (PCa) cells (CWR-22rv1) in vitro and using a mouse tumor model. Results showed that Crk II knockdown by shRNA-mediated silencing (Crk II-shRNA) in the PCa cells significantly inhibited both cancer cell migration and invasion in cell culture study. Crk II-shRNA cancer cells also significantly decreased colony formation in vitro, but had no significant reduction of tumor volume after 4 weeks of cancer cell xenografting in vivo when compared to the scramble control. Interestingly, Crk II-shRNA cancer cells showed a greatly reduced level of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) and decreased signaling of the IGF-1R/PI3K/Akt axis upon IGF-1 ligand stimulation. A close interaction between Crk II and IGF-1R was demonstrated upon co-immunoprecipitation of IGF-1R with Crk II protein. Further, treatment of cells with either proteosomal degradation or protein synthesis inhibitor showed higher proportion of ubiquitin-associated IGF-1R and faster degradation of IGF-1R in Crk II-shRNA cells in comparison with that in the control cancer cells. Taken together, these data suggest that Crk II plays an important role in the regulation of IGF-1R protein stability and affects downstream of IGF-1R signaling pathways. Therefore, targeting Crk-II can block IGF-1R growth signaling and suppress cancer cell invasion and progression.
UTD-based modeling of diffraction loss by dielectric circular cylinders at D-band

This paper presents modeling of diffraction loss caused by dielectric circular cylinders obstructing the Line-of-Sight (LoS) path at the center frequency of D-band (140 GHz). Uniform Geometrical Theory of Diffraction (UTD) approach to the problem in order to predict the diffraction loss introduced by a coffee mug on a desktop is investigated. The results are compared with D-band measurements with very good agreement between them, which confirms the existence of rays that diffract off the convex surfaces of the cylinder. The finding can be extended to Non-Line-of-Sight (NLoS) scenarios for indoor environment with moving persons as studies have shown that human torso can be modeled with a cylinder filled with salt water. The results can contribute to the accurate modeling of future high-data-rate D-band indoor channels by predicting the loss caused by signals obstructed by human bodies.
Bond dissociation energies of diatomic transition metal selenides: TiSe, ZrSe, HfSe, VSe, NbSe, and TaSe

Predissociation thresholds have been observed in the resonant two-photon ionization spectra of TiSe, ZrSe, HfSe, VSe, NbSe, and TaSe. It is argued that the sharp onset of predissociation corresponds to the bond dissociation energy in each of these molecules due to their high density of states as the ground separated atom limit is approached. The bond dissociation energies obtained are D0(TiSe) = 3.998(6) eV, D0(ZrSe) = 4.902(3) eV, D0(HfSe) = 5.154(4) eV, D0(VSe) = 3.884(3) eV, D0(NbSe) = 4.834(3) eV, and D0(TaSe) = 4.705(3) eV. Using these dissociation energies, the enthalpies of formation were found to be Δf,0KHo(TiSe(g)) = 320.6 ± 16.8 kJ mol−1, Δf,0KHo(ZrSe(g)) = 371.1 ± 8.5 kJ mol−1, Δf,0KHo(HfSe(g)) = 356.1 ± 6.5 kJ mol−1, Δf,0KHo(VSe(g)) = 372.9 ± 8.1 kJ mol−1, Δf,0KHo(NbSe(g)) = 498.9 ± 8.1 kJ mol−1, and Δf,0KHo(TaSe(g)) = 562.9 ± 1.5 kJ mol−1. Comparisons are made to previous work, when available. Also reported are calculated ground state electronic configurations and terms, dipole moments, vibra...
Ethical and Managerial Aspects of Social Network Advertisement

Social networking systems are relatively new to society and clarification on certain aspects of the system can be obtained through further research. There are many positive aspects of social networks, such as Facebook, that organizations could benefit from including stronger customer relationship management CRM techniques. On the other hand, questions are raised as to whether or not an organization who advertises on social networking systems experiences an increase in sales as a result. It is unclear whether or not these advertisements actually deter individuals from further using these types of social networking systems. If individuals who spend a large amount of time on social networking sites are deterred from further usage due to these advertisements, are there any benefits to them? Significant amount information can be relayed on Facebook, MySpace and Twitter, but the question remains whether or not organizations are using this to their advantage. The present study used a sample of working professionals that were knowledgeable in the various options of social networking to test these assumptions. The three hypotheses dealt with the interplay of online social networking, advertising effectiveness, gender and age trends, and remaining the interplay with positive comments of the use of the 'like' function and its impacts on consumer behavior, as derived from the review of relevant operations literature and from applying the basic tenants of Uses and Gratification Theory. All three specific research hypotheses were accepted in the null form.
Factors Affecting Growth of Ophiostoma ulmi on Elm Callus Tissue

Abstract We examined growth of the Dutch elm disease fungus, Ophiostoma ulmi, on callus derived from a susceptible American elm (Ulmus amencana, selection A), an American elm of intermediate resist...
Trump: ‘$5.5 trillion Gain Since E.’ Who Has Benefited?

Has Donald Trump made America great again? This paper considers President Trump’s Tweet of November 22, 2017 about the stock market’s $5.5 T gain since the election, in terms of who has benefited. We find that the top 5% and 10% wealthiest households gained approximately $3.87 T and $4.58 T (70.3% and 83% of the total gain), respectively; while the bottom 75% gained only about $0.29 T (5.2% of total gain). The calculated Gini inequality index value of this stock market gain is 0.92, which indicates near absolute inequality of wealth distribution (value of 1). Furthermore, these gains are highly disproportional among demographic groups, going mostly to white males ($4.66 T), with little going to women ($0.42 T) or minorities ($0.46 T). Collectively, it is mainly rich households who have benefited from the recent gains in the stock market, exacerbating wealth inequality in the U.S.
AP-1 Transcription Factors and the BAF Complex Mediate Signal-Dependent Enhancer Selection

Summary Enhancer elements are genomic regulatory sequences that direct the selective expression of genes so that genetically identical cells can differentiate and acquire the highly specialized forms and functions required to build a functioning animal. To differentiate, cells must select from among the ∼10 6 enhancers encoded in the genome the thousands of enhancers that drive the gene programs that impart their distinct features. We used a genetic approach to identify transcription factors (TFs) required for enhancer selection in fibroblasts. This revealed that the broadly expressed, growth-factor-inducible TFs FOS/JUN (AP-1) play a central role in enhancer selection. FOS/JUN selects enhancers together with cell-type-specific TFs by collaboratively binding to nucleosomal enhancers and recruiting the SWI/SNF (BAF) chromatin remodeling complex to establish accessible chromatin. These experiments demonstrate how environmental signals acting via FOS/JUN and BAF coordinate with cell-type-specific TFs to select enhancer repertoires that enable differentiation during development.
Calligraphic Interfaces: An evaluation of user experience with a sketch-based 3D modeling system

With the availability of pen-enabled digital hardware, sketch-based 3D modeling is becoming an increasingly attractive alternative to traditional methods in many design environments. To date, a variety of methodologies and implemented systems have been proposed that all seek to make sketching the primary interaction method for 3D geometric modeling. While many of these methods are promising, a general lack of end user evaluations makes it difficult to assess and improve upon these methods. Based on our ongoing work, we present the usage and a user evaluation of a sketch-based 3D modeling tool we have been developing for industrial styling design. The study investigates the usability of our techniques in the hands of non-experts by gauging (1) the speed with which users can comprehend and adopt to constituent modeling steps, and (2) how effectively users can utilize the newly learned skills to design 3D models. Our observations and users' feedback indicate that overall users could learn the investigated techniques relatively easily and put them in use immediately. However, users pointed out several usability and technical issues such as difficulty in mode selection and lack of sophisticated surface modeling tools as some of the key limitations of the current system. We believe the lessons learned from this study can be used in the development of more powerful and satisfying sketch-based modeling tools in the future.
DNA Sequence Evidence for Placement of the Ground Cuscus, Phalanger gymnotis, in the Tribe Phalangerini (Marsupialia: Phalangeridae)

A region of mitochondrial DNA, including the 3′ end of tRNA phenylalanine, the complete 12S rRNA and tRNA valine genes, and the 5′ end of 16S rRNA, was sequenced for four phalangerids and one burramyid; additional marsupial sequences were extracted from GenBank. Parsimony, minimum evolution, and maximum likelihood analyses show that the ground cuscus, Phalanger gymnotis, groups with the tribe Phalangerini, not with the tribe Trichosurini as had been suggested on the basis of certain morphological characters. This result is in agreement with an earlier study using DNA hybridization and is supported by some morphological evidence as well. We conclude that the character states that link the ground cuscus with the Trichosurini are the result of convergence, and therefore the placement of several other species in the trichosurin genus Strigocuscus based on the same characters should be reconsidered. The hypothesized close relationship of two fossil taxa, Strigocuscus reidi and S. notialis, to Phalanger gymnotis is also questionable because the fossils do not share morphological synapomorphies that link the ground cuscus to the Phalangerini.
Clinical Outcomes for Liver Metastases

Liver resection is associated with prolonged survival in patients with colorectal liver metastases. Unfortunately, only 15–25% of patients with colorectal liver metastases are candidates for surgery at the time of diagnosis of the metastatic disease. To date, the definition of resectability of colorectal liver metastases is based on complete resection and preservation of sufficient future liver remnant (FLR). In patients with unresectable colorectal liver metastases, portal vein embolization (PVE) induces hypertrophy of the FLR and allows safe liver resection. The safety and the usefulness of this procedure have been evaluated in large series of patients with colorectal liver metastases. Depending on the quality of the liver parenchyma, portal vein embolization is recommended for patients whose standardized FLR is less than 20% in normal liver, less than 30% in case of hepatic injury, and less than 40% in case of fibrosis or cirrhosis. The role of PVE has not been specifically evaluated in patients with metastases from other malignancies (neuroendocrine tumor or noncolorectal nonneuroendocrine liver metastases). However, the indications for PVE are dictated by the volume of the FLR and the quality of liver parenchyma, and the guidelines provided for colorectal liver metastases also apply to other types of liver metastases.
Vascularized composite allotransplantation in children: what we can learn from solid organ transplantation

Purpose of review This review will focus on the lessons learned over several decades of solid organ transplantation in children, and their relevance to the emerging field of pediatric VCA. Particular attention will be focused on the risk-benefit ratio of immunosuppression as it applies to children receiving a life-enhancing transplant as compared with a life-saving transplant. Potential indications for pediatric VCA will be considered. Recent findings The report in 2015 of the first child to receive a VCA, bilateral upper extremity grafts from a nonrelated deceased donor, is a seminal event. The case is unique in that the child was already immunosuppressed after a prior kidney transplant. Early graft function is excellent and cortical re-organization has been described. Summary Although the risks of immunosuppression remain a formidable obstacle to the wider spread application of VCA for children, careful consideration of indications and outcomes for these innovative procedures, which have the potential to restore form and function not otherwise achievable, is warranted.
Post-Routing Analytical Wirelength Model for Homogeneous FPGA Architectures

We present a post-routing model that relates both logic and routing architecture parameters to wirelength for a homogeneous FPGA architecture. Our model relies on Rent’s parameter generated from the pre-technology mapped netlist rather than post-placement netlist making it independent from optimization goal of the technology-mapping, clustering and placement stages of the FPGA CAD flow. We achieve an average mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 36% relative to the Verilog-to-Routing (VTR) based wire-length analysis using MCNC and VTR benchmarks, while state-of-the-art approach achieves a MAPE of 57%. This work forms the basis for implementing post-routing delay, routability and power models, since each can be expressed as a function of net length.
Rumah Joglo Sebagai Identitas Visual Konsep Bangunan Kuliner Kontemporer

Abstrak : Rumah Joglo merupakan salah satu warisan budaya Indonesia yang terdapat di Jawa Tengah. Rumah Joglo mempunyai kerangka bangunan utama yang terdiri dari soko guru berupa empat tiang utama penyangga serta tumpang sari yang berupa susunan balok yang disangga soko guru. Rumah Joglo yang pada awalnya hanya dimiliki oleh kalangan terpandang saja, seiring perkembangan jaman Joglo dapat dimiliki oleh siapapun yang ingin membangun Rumah Joglo. Tak heran banyak Joglo yang dibangun dengan fungsi yang berbeda sehingga berdampak pada susunan ruang Joglo. Dengan dasar pengetahuan tersebut, penelitian ini berupaya mengungkapkan sejauh mana citra visual Rumah Joglo mampu mempengaruhi konsep identitas sebuah bangunan. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut, penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian berupa studi literatur serta dilakukannya sebuah observasi. Hasil identifikasi karakteristik Rumah Joglo menunjukkan bahwa Rumah Joglo merupakan perwujudan nilai kebudayaan lokal yang melahirkan seni arsitektur khas Jawa Tengah yang menarik. Kata kunci: Rumah Joglo, Identitas Visual, Konsep Bangunan Abstract : Joglo House is one of the Indonesian cultural heritages found in Central Java. The Joglo house has a main building framework consisting of Soko Guru in the form of four main pillars supporting and intercropping in the form of blocks arranged by Soko Guru. Joglo house which was originally only owned by prominent people, along with the development of the Joglo era can be owned by anyone who wants to build a Joglo House. No wonder many Joglo are built with different functions that have an impact on the Joglo space arrangement. With this knowledge base, this research seeks to reveal the extent to which the visual image of Rumah Joglo is able to influence the concept of identity of a building. To achieve this goal, this study uses research methods in the form of literature studies and an observation. The results of the identification of Joglo House characteristics indicate that Joglo House is an embodiment of the value of local culture which gave birth to interesting Central Javanese architectural art. Keywords: c
Time, Timing and the Reception of Multiple Organizational Signals: A Neurobiological Approach

Recent applications of signaling theory have moved from studying the influence of single, static organizational signals to the interaction of multiple signals. This shift introduces new complexitie...
Patients with endometrial cancer continue to lack understanding of their risks for cancer.

Abstract It is unclear if endometrial cancer (EC) patients are aware of their modifiable risk factors. We administered a 33-item questionnaire to EC patients at a university-based cancer center to assess their understanding of how comorbidities and lifestyle/sexual behaviors impact their cancer risk. We also inquired about their access to a primary care physician (PCP). Pearson's χ2 test or Fisher's exact test were used to assess differences in understanding based on a dichotomized Charlson comorbidity score,
Functional Specialization in the Attention Network

Spatial attention is comprised of neural mechanisms that boost sensory processing at a behaviorally relevant location while filtering out competing information. The present review examines function...
La esclavitud, la abolición y los afrodescendientes: memoria histórica y construcción de identidades en la prensa mexicana, 1840-1860

Through an analysis of the Mexican press from the 1840s to the 1860s, this article shows that Afro-descendants, slavery and abolition continued to be issues of public interest after independence. The discussion of these issues in contemporary newspapers had the political purpose of contributing to the construction of identities related to citizenship and, at the macro level, to the creation of a regional and transnational historical memory. By using the press as a primary source, this article reveals the ways in which Mexico intervened in debates on slavery and its abolition in the contemporary Atlantic world while highlighting the contribution of Mexican periodicals to the construction of the ideas of Hispanic America and Latin America. Through its analysis, this article contributes to the historiographic discussion on the presence of slavery and Afro-descendants in Mexico, expanding the period studied from the well-understood colonial era to the republican era.
Breaking billboards: protest and a politics of play

Political protests involving clashes with police are often delegitimized by governments for using “uncivil” and “violent” means. Drawing on a creative video clip (“Breaking Billboards”) made by a group of Gezi protestors, this paper theorizes an alternative response, which refuses the dichotomy between peaceful and violent struggles and instead seeks to transform the field of judgement. The protestors in the clip, by echoing a verse originally written by poet Cemal Sureya, reconstruct destructive activity – breaking billboards – playfully and detached from its presumed ends. Placing their performances in conversation with Giorgio Agamben’s theory of mediality – means without end – I argue that the clip reconstructs political action in play-form, corroding the significance of the means-ends relationship. In doing so, it frustrates the usual grounds of judgement within which the meaning and value of protest activities are arbitrated.
Atrx deletion impairs cGAS-STING signaling and increases response to radiation and oncolytic herpesvirus in sarcoma

ATRX is one of the most frequently altered genes in solid tumors, and mutation is especially frequent in soft tissue sarcomas. However, the role of ATRX in tumor development and response to cancer therapies remains poorly understood. Here, we developed a primary mouse model of soft tissue sarcoma and showed that Atrx deleted tumors are more sensitive to radiation therapy. In the absence of Atrx, irradiated sarcomas have increased persistent DNA damage, telomere dysfunction, and mitotic catastrophe. We find that Atrx deleted sarcomas have a reduced adaptive immune response, impaired cGAS-STING signaling, and increased sensitivity to an oncolytic herpesvirus therapy. Translation of these results to patients with ATRX mutant cancers could enable genomically-guided cancer therapeutic approaches that improve patient outcomes.
Efficacy and cost-benefit of filgrastim administered after early assessment bone marrow biopsy during induction therapy for acute myeloid leukemia.

The role of filgrastim during acute myeloid leukemia (AML) induction therapy remains controversial. At our institution, newly diagnosed AML patients from 2003 through 2019 were retrospectively eval...
Studies of gluconeogenic mitochondrial enzymes. V. The effect of transaminases on reactions catalyzed by glutamate dehydrogenase.

Abstract Transaminases (the glutamate-oxaloacetate from either bovine liver mitochondria or pig heart and the glutamate-pyruvate from pig heart) are activators of reactions catalyzed by glutamate dehydrogenase. Unlike activation by many ligands as steroids and purine nucleotides, transaminase activates reactions with both monoand dicarboxylic substrates and mainly activates by decreasing the Michaelis constant for ammonium ions. The intact transaminase with pyridoxal phosphate is required for activation. There is much less activation when the concentration of glutamate dehydrogenase is low (reaction with α-ketoglutarate) or in the presence of GTP than when enzyme concentration is high (reaction with pyruvate or oxaloacetate) and in the presence of ADP. Other results are consistent with the concept that glutamate dehydrogenase has transaminase dehydrogenase activity. That is in the presence of TPNH, ammonium chloride and glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase, glutamate dehydrogenase catalyzes the conversion of the transaminase in the pyridoxal phosphate form to the pyridoxamine phosphate form. Keto-acids can rapidly react with the pyridoxamine form of the transaminase producing the pyridoxal form plus an amino acid. Therefore, in the presence of keto-acids the overall reaction is an amino acid dehydrogenase. This is apparently why transaminases activate reactions catalyzed by glutamate dehydrogenase. The transaminase is not an activator but in the presence of transaminase there are two amino acid dehydrogenase reactions. The transaminase dehydrogenase reaction is significant only in the presence of high concentrations of both enzymes and when α-ketoglutarate and glutamate are either absent or present in low concentrations. It seems that pyridoxal phosphate on the transaminase is bound to the α-ketoglutarate site of glutamate dehydrogenase. Also the transaminase is probably preferentially bound to polymeric forms of glutamate dehydrogenase. Some possible physiological implications of the transaminase dehydrogenase reaction are discussed. This reaction could be of some physiological value when the concentration of amino acids are too low to convert a significant amount of the transaminase into the pyridoxamine form.