cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Psychophysiology: The Mind–Body Perspective . By Kenneth Hugdahl. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1995, 429 pp.

This volume is a very welcome addition to the relatively limited set of texts for students of psychophysiology. Kenneth Hugdahl is an exceptionally broad psychophysiologist who has used all of the major response systems in his own research and has also made important contributions to experimental and clinical neuropsychology. He is therefore well-equipped to produce a particularly distinctive text in this area and he has delivered on the promise.
Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease caused by a de novo mutation that originated in exon 2 of the maternal great-grandfather of the propositus

Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease (PMD) is an X-linked dysmyelinating disorder of the central nervous system. Many cases of PMD can be attributed to defects in the proteolipid protein gene (PLP). To date, with one exception, each family has had either no or a unique mutation in one of the seven exons of PLP. We describe a new missense mutation in exon 2 of the PLP gene of an affected individual. This mutation codes for Ile instead of Thr at codon 42. The point mutation originated in the X chromosome of the maternal great-grandfather of the propositus. This was determined from the pattern of inheritance of the AhaII polymorphism and a series of microsatellite markers that are localized near PLP at Xq22.
Decentralized problem solving using the double auction market institution

Abstract Decentralized decision making is an important problem in distributed artificial intelligence (DAI) and multi-agent systems (MAS). Given a multi-agent system, the actions or choices made by one agent can affect the actions or choices that can be made by other agents. Wellman (Artificial Intelligence Research, 1, 1–23, 1993) has recently proposed the approach of market-oriented programming for decentralized decision making. By transforming the decentralized decision making problem into a computational economy, market-oriented programming draws on the theory of general equilibrium to establish the existence of a competitive equilibrium. The competitive equilibrium of the computational economy represents the market solution to the original problem. General equilibrium theory, however, is institution free and provides no information about the dynamic process by which the competitive equilibrium is found. Wellman uses a variant of the market institution known as tâtonnements. Tâtonnement's requirement of strict synchronization of the individual agents restricts market-oriented programming to purely atemporal situations (problems that have a stationary environment and hence a stationary equilibrium). In this paper we suggest the use of the continuous double auction as a general framework for market-oriented programming. By using the continuous double auction, market-oriented programming can also be applied to problems where the environment, and therefore the equilibrium, is continuously evolving with time.
Elimination of auditory evoked responses during auditory shadowing

Auditory averaged evoked responses (AER) to pure tones were recorded from subjects: (a) in the absence of other auditory stimuli, (b) while passively listening to different messages delivered dichotically and (c) while they ℌshadowedℍ either the right-ear or left-ear message. Under condition (c), all components of the AER were eliminated. Significant differences between conditions (a) and (b) were not observed. The findings provide electrophysiological support for the conception of perceptual systems as single-channel processors.
Preparation and implantation of minute pellets in the brain of the neonatal rat.

Abstract A procedure and apparatus are described for implanting minute crystalline pellets in the brain of the neonatal rat. The components of the apparatus are easily constructed and the procedure is useful in the investigation of early chemical influences on the brain of the immature animal.
Nonlinear effects for the Taylor column for a hemisphere

When a flow is forced past an obstacle in a rapidly rotating fluid, a Taylor column forms. This is defined by a set of vertical detached shear layers circumscribing the obstacle which provide the smooth transition from an external inviscid potential flow to a stagnant core above the obstacle. For a hemispherical object, the main adjustment takes place in an external E to the 1/4 power layer and an internal E to the 2/7 power layer; here, the nonlinear flow in these layers is investigated. The problem in the E to the 1/4 power layer is identical to a problem occurring in magnetohydrodynamic flow; in addition, some features of the magnetohydrodynamic problem have been resolved. Numerical solutions are obtained for the steady nonlinear external E to the 1/4 power layer flow up to the point where unsteady flow separation from the Taylor column is imminent. The response of the internal E to the 2/7 power layer to the flow in the E to the 1/4 power layer is calculated, and the results suggest that the internal shear layer is unlikely to play any significant role in the separation process
Differential Activation of Protein Kinase Cascade in Cardiac Volume Overload Following Aorto-Caval Shunt in Rats • 141

Volume overload (VO) results in increased expression of specific subset of cardiac genes. Since VO hypertrophy is associated with distinct molecular phenotypes than that seen with pressure hypertrophy, we tested the hypothesis that this distinction is due to differential activation of protein kinase cascade. Mechanical stress associated with pressure hypertrophy activates protein kinase cascade of MAP kinase family, including c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) and extracellular signal regulated kinase(ERK) but not p38 kinase. These kinases are regulated by different MAP kinase kinase, and regulate growth by their ability to phosphorylate and activate specific nuclear transcription factors. Cardiac VO was induced in adult Sprague-Dawley rats (300±20 gm) by creating aorto-caval shunt. Sham-operated animals served as controls. Significant increase in heart/body weight ratio occurred as compared to shams one week post-surgery(20±3.2% p≤.05). Phenotype of these hearts was characterized for mRNA levels of α-and β-myosin heavy chain (MHC). Time-course of ERK, JNK and p38 kinase activities was analyzed in heart cell lysates after 2,5,10,15,30,60,120 and 240 min VO. These kinases were immunoprecipated with antibodies specific to respective kinases and immobilized on protein A-sepharose beads. In vitro kinase assay involved incubating beads withγP32 ATP and respective substrates (GST c-jun for JNK, myelin basic protein for ERK and for p38 kinase). Phosphorylated products were resolved by SDS-PAG; after drying the gels and autoradiography, signal intensity was quantitated by densitometer scanning. Northern blot analysis on total RNA revealed 4-fold increase in α-MHC mRNA but no change inβ-MHC mRNA in VO, an entirely different phenotype than that seen in pressure hypertrophy (i.e., ↑β-MHC and ↓α-MHC mRNA). Time course on MAP kinase cascade showed rapid induction of p38 kinase activity in VO within 5 min (50±15%), reaching peak at 30 min (180±20%), and returning to basal level in 2 hrs. Activity of other two kinases remained unchanged. These data implicate for the first time the role of p38 kinase in VO hypertrophy and show that α-MHC mRNA is increased in this form of hypertrophy.
Age-dependent changes in rat liver steroid hormone receptor proteins.

Abstract The formation of the steroid hormone-receptor protein complex in rat liver cytosol was investigated as a function of rat age. As reported earlier there was no age-related change in the concentration of receptor proteins in rat liver cytosol. The affinity of the specific receptor protein for both dexamethasone and corticosterone, however, decreased with age. An age-related decrease was observed in the concentration of steroid hormones that were associated with the specific receptor protein responsible for translocation to the nucleus. A reciprocal age-dependent increase in non-specific protein binding of the hormone occurred.
Simultaneous interpretation and the recall of source-language sentences

Abstract Simultaneous interpretation is the act of transforming sentences from one language into sentences of a second language in a fluent, continuous manner. Although interpretation involves lexical substitution, and frequently the restructuring of syntax, these changes are not to alter the propositions conveyed. Jarvella (1971) showed that verbatim recall after listening to sentences is affected by syntactic boundaries: clause boundaries that coincide with sentence boundaries (in the surface structure) interfere with verbatim recall more than clause boundaries occurring within sentences. If interpretation proceeds via propositions, interpreters should perform similarly to listeners: memory for form will decline after propositions are complete (i.e. at sentence boundaries). This result should not be found if interpreters recode units smaller than propositions. We replicated Jarvella's result with listeners, and compared them to two groups of professional interpreters: “interpreters”, who interpreted the...
Scientists and judgment

It seems that these days we read once every month an article in the newspaper on another case of scientific 'fraud,' and we scientists are struck apprehensive by the seeming explosiveness of the issue. Is there really that much more 'finagling' with the data now than there was 10 years ago, 20 years ago? I think this is hard to judge correctly, for the very same reason that crime statistics are suspect, for we don't know how much was not reported, either from ignorance, or from a 'covering-up.' But, whatever the extent of the 'fraud', and whatever its extent relative to a past scientific age, i am sure that the public is not amused, that indeed a scornful finger is being pointed at scientists, particularly at what is perceived to be the 'holier than thou' attitude, the hubris, of scientists. That being so, it certainly becomes scientists, both individually and as part of the scientific community, to try to come to terms with the twin issues of responsibility and judgment. While these two issues are related to each other, and certainly impinge upon each other, they are separate and distinct, and can be discussed separately and distinctly. The idea of responsibility relates to individuality, either of the scientists himself, or of the scientific community taken as a whole. But the idea of judgments brings in the whole social milieu within which the scientist works, for it begins to ask the question as to who is tO ascertain where the responsibility lies, and what the bases are upon which these judgments will be made. I would like to address the second issue, of judgment, for I believe the first is discussed in other articles in this series; however, in doing so I will necessarily bring in my own ideas about responsibility. Furthermore, I must state that judgments are and will be made not only about 'fraud' but also about conflicting results. It is many times very difficult to separate what is deliberate fraud from conflicts in results. This can be illustrated by a case about which I know something. This involved a case in which 'fraud' was practically certain but almost impossible to prove. When the young scientist involved was fired and began to look for a job, his former mentor
A study of the nature of students' understandings about the concept of burning

The purpose of this study was to identify and characterize students' understandings about the concept of burning. Naturalistic data-collecting strategies used in this study included participant observation and interviewing. Twenty eighth graders were interviewed using the “interview-about-events” technique, a variation of the Piagetian interview. The interviews were audiotape recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using the process of analytic induction. The analysis showed that students' understandings about burning were fragmented, inconsistent, and at variance with scientific knowledge. These understandings are analyzed using Olson's (1977) characterization of common sense and scientific knowledge.
The permeability of active subduction plate boundary faults

At subduction zones, continuous influx of fluids drives a dynamic system in which fault slip, fluid flow, and advective transport are tightly coupled. Field and numerical modeling studies have provided insight into the nature and rates of flow in these systems and illustrate that active subduction faults, including the master decollement and splay faults cutting the upper plate, are important conduits. Observations of in situ fracture dilation, modeling studies, and direct measurements documenting strong pressure dependence of fault permeability collectively suggest that permeability varies in time, perhaps due to pore pressure cycling. However, mechanical and fluid budget considerations dictate that increased fault permeability cannot be sustained, nor can it be present across the entire fault surface at a given time. The emerging conceptual model is that permeable patches or channels occupy only a fraction of the fault surface and shift transiently. Fault zone permeabilities obtained by several approaches are consistent between margins, with time-averaged values of approximately 10−15 to 10−14 m2, several orders of magnitude higher than for the sediment matrix. Higher, transiently increased values of approximately 10−13 to 10−11 m2 are required to explain geochemical and thermal signals and observed focused flow rates. Although faults accommodate significant fluid fluxes from dewatering of the surrounding sediment, they have little effect on pore pressures within the wall rock, where drainage is limited by low matrix permeability. However, fault permeability is a key control on the transport and preservation of localized geochemical and thermal anomalies from depths where temperatures are higher and low-temperature metamorphic reactions are underway. Despite significant recent progress, several key aspects of hydrologic behavior in these active faults remain incompletely understood, including the nature and timescale of transience, the causes of permeability enhancement and its relationship to fault slip and pore pressure fluctuations, and the depths and distances from which deeply sourced fluids are captured, mixed, and transported up-dip.
Missing longitudinal strength cannot reappear at very high energy

The longitudinal sum rule, computed from recent measurements of quasielastic longitudinal structure functions at high momentum transfers, is lower than the theoretical prediction by about a factor of 2. Here it is shown, by comparison between the theoretical measured values of the ratio of the f sum rule to the longitudinal sum rule, that any substantial fraction of missing longitudinal strength must lie at energies low enough to have been detected. This analysis is independent of any systematic experimental errors of overall scale.
Generalized morphisms, a new tool for comparative evaluation of performance of fuzzy implications, t-norms and co-norms in relational knowledge elicitation

This paper describes a technique for identification of the knowledge structures implicit in scientific data and further develops the supporting methodology for analysis of fuzzy relational structures using the mathematical theory of Fuzzy Relations and Generalized Morphism. Initial knowledge elicited using repertory grid with semiotic descriptors is transformed to fuzzy relational knowledge structures which capture semantic relationships in a problem domain by means of BK-product. In analysis, the fuzzy relational structures computed in the different sized domains or those computed by means of various fuzzy logics can be analyzed using generalized morphism; namely (global) structure embedding, or structure preserving as well as meta analysis of fuzzy relational structures. The result of meta analysis is represented as the Hasse Diagram structure of meta relations by classifying equivalent classes of fuzzy relational structures. The paper is concluded with a case study using real-life engineering data from the aviation industry.
The Effect of a Patient Self-Monitoring Tool Upon Adherence in Patients Receiving Hemodialysis

Abstract OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of a self-monitoring tool and behavioral contracting upon perceptions of self-efficacy, health beliefs, and adherence in patients receiving hemodialysis. Forty patients (mean age=49: range 26–78 years: 25 males/15 females) with end-stage renal disease on chronic hemodialysis for 2 months or greater with a history of non-compliance with phosphorus (≥6.0mg/dl) and/or fluid restrictions (interdialytic gains ≥ 3kg/week and/or 4kg/weekend) for 1 or more months, were randomly assigned to a control (n=10) or treatment group (n=30). The design was quasi-experimental with monthly intervention using a pretest/posttest over a 6 month period. Both groups were given surveys at baseline and month 6 to measure perceptions of self-efficacy for performing specific health behaviors, assess health beliefs, and test renal diet knowledge. The treatment group also received monthly self-monitoring patient reports and behavioral contracting. Results were analyzed using two-sample t tests, ANOVA repeated measures design, and chi-square tests. Overall, no significant improvements in adherence existed between the groups, although the treatment group had a significant decrease in mean phosphorus levels ( p =.005) from baseline to month 3, but was a trend and not statistically significant as it was not maintained. The only significant finding between the two groups was an increase in posttest knowledge scores in the treatment group ( p =.008). This was a significant increase from baseline ( p =.002). This intervention showed the patient self-monitoring process was effective in encouraging active patient participation and increasing interest in health. It may have resulted in increased patient adherence had the study continued for a longer period of time with more frequent patient interaction.
An n-Bounce Method for Analysis of Radiative Transfer in Enclosures With Anisotropically Scattering Media

The intent of this note is to present an n-bounce approximate approach for analysis of radiative heat transfer in enclosures with anisotropic scattering media. This method is an extension of continuous and discrete exchange factor methods. It has been shown that the discrete exchange factor method is a very efficient method for analysis of radiative transfer in mulitidimensional enclosures with isotropic scattering media. In the n-bounce method, the total exchange factor is approximated by the summation of direct radiative and higher order terms resulting form multiple wall reflection and medium scattering. The present approach is applied to a number of three-dimensional radiative transfer problems in isotropically and anisotropically scattering media. Results calculated based on the present method are compared to the existing solutions in the literature.
Warren shunt combined with partial splenectomy in children with extra-hepatic portal hypertension, massive splenomegaly and severe hypersplenism

Introduction. Extra-hepatic portal vein obstruction (EHPVO) is one of the most often causes of portal hypertension in children. Objective. Establishing the importance of shunt surgery in combination with partial spleen resection in selected pediatric patients with EHPVO, enormous splenomegaly and severe hypersplenism. Methods. Distal splenorenal shunt (DSRS) with partial spleen resection was performed in 22 children age from 2 to 17 years with EHPVO. Indications for surgery were pain and abdominal discomfort caused by spleen enlargement, as well as symptomatic hypersplenism with leucopenia, thrombocytopenia and anemia. The partial spleen resection was performed by ligation of blood vessels to caudal two thirds of the spleen. After ischemic parenchymal demarcation transection with electrocautery LigaSure was performed with preservation of 20-30% of spleen tissue, and then Warren DSRS was created. Platelet and leucocytes counts and liver function tests were obtained before, one month and one year after surgery. Growth was assessed with SD scores (Z scores) for height, weight and body mass index at the time of surgery and one year later. Results. In all patients postoperative period was without significant complications. Platelets and leucocytes counts were normalized. Patency rate of shunts was 100%. Two significant shunts stenosis were observed and successfully treated with percutaneous angioplasty. During the follow-up period (1 to 9 years) all patients were asymptomatic, with improved quality of life and growth. Conclusion. Results of our study indicate that shunt surgery with a partial spleen resection is an effective and safe procedure for patients with enormous splenomegaly and severe hypersplenism caused by EHPVO.
OIL: a nano-photonics optical interconnect library for a new photonic networks-on-chip architecture

In this paper, we present OIL, a parameterized Optical Interconnect Library of silicon nano-photonic devices for system level interconnect planning/analysis and low power high performance design exploration under a new holistic photonic Networks-on-Chip architecture. Such an architecture incorporates on-chip packet routing (photonic Network-on-Chip) and with-in core wire routing (photonic waveguide routing) onto a dedicated optical layer, contributing towards enhanced photonic silicon utilization, reduced power dissipation and high communication throughput as technology further scales down. With OIL characterization, our proposed holistic architecture is analyzed and discussed for power efficiency, communication latency and overall performance. Challenges such as on-chip memory access bandwidth bottleneck and nano-photonic fabrication cost efficiency are also discussed, together with some on-chip photonics integration explorations for next generation chip multi-processors.
Parametric instability of a Leipholz beam due to distributed frictional axial load

In this paper, the parametric instability of a beam subjected to a moving distributed contact load that also oscillates in the transverse direction of the beam is studied. Due to the presence of friction between the beam and the moving contact surface, the beam is excited by a pulsating, distributed, follower-type axial load, which results in the problem of a Leipholz column subjected to parametric excitation. The study of this prototypical one-dimensional model is intended to provide further understanding of the instability of systems that have similar loading conditions such as automotive disc brake pads rubbed by the oscillatory rotor or beam-like structures. Effects of several parameters such as boundary conditions, coefficient of friction, intermediate supports, and waviness of the contact load on the instability are examined. Results show that the combination resonance of both the sum and difference types exists for the boundary conditions considered in this study. It is also found that the shearing motion of the friction material plays an important role in determining the stability of the Leipholz beam model. Analogous behavior of instability between the present model and the disc brake pad system is also discussed.
Selected Letters and Other Papers, Edmund Spenser, edited by Christopher Burlinson and Andrew Zurcher

(2010). Selected Letters and Other Papers, Edmund Spenser, edited by Christopher Burlinson and Andrew Zurcher. Reformation: Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 197-199.
Membrane Topology of Murine Coronavirus Replicase Nonstructural Protein 3

Mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) is a member of the family Coronaviridae. These positive strand RNA viruses encode a replicase polyprotein that is processed into 16 nonstructural proteins (nsps). The nsps assemble with membranes to generate double membrane vesicles, which are the sites of viral RNA synthesis. MHV nsp3 contains multiple domains including two papain-like protease domains, PLP1 and PLP2, and a predicted transmembrane (TM) domain. In this study, we determined the membrane topology of nsp3-TM and showed that TM-mediated tethering of PLP2 is important for processing at cleavage site 3. Biochemical analysis revealed that nsp3 is an integral membrane protein that is inserted into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes co-translationally and glycosylated at asparagine-2357. Proteinase K digestion experiments indicate that the TM domain of nsp3 has 4 membrane-spanning helices. We show that nsp3-TM is sufficient in mediating ER membrane association of a cytosolic protein. This study is the first detailed analysis of the topology and function of the coronavirus nsp3 TM domain.
Chronic tinea pedis: presence of high serum IgE levels, anti-ICS antibody, and ANA.

Summary Forty-five patients with chronic recalcitrant tinea pedis of several years duration were studied. Serum IgG levels were within normal limits in all patients. Serum IgE levels were elevated beyond too units/ml in 33% of the patients, range 5–2438 units/ml (mean 227). An atopic history was present in only 20% of the patients. Eighteen per cent of the patients had an anti–intercellular cement substance antibody of the IgM class, and 33% of the patients had a homogeneous anti-nuclear antibody (ANA) of the IgM class. None of the patients clinically developed any auto-immune disease. These auto-antibodies may be produced due to a non-specific polyclonal mitogenic effect of fungal antigen in the skin and may play a role in the persistence and chronicity of the infection.
First Report of Choke, Caused by Epichloe typhina, on Orchardgrass in Oregon

During July 1997, Epichloe typhina (Pers.:Fr.) Tul. in Tul. & C. Tul., the cause of choke disease, was found in four fields of an unnamed, experimental cultivar of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) grown for seed near Halsey, OR. Disease occurrence in each of three fields was estimated by counting choked tillers in about 50 quadrats, 1 × 0.3 m, taken at 30-m intervals along three or four diagonal transects. In two fields, the disease was present in most quadrats (3% tillers infected). In the third field, choke was clustered in two areas, each with 1 to 8% infected tillers. A collection of E. typhina was deposited at the Oregon State University Mycological Herbarium (accession number 56,395). The disease had not been previously observed in commercial cultivars grown for seed in Oregon, with the exception of an infected tiller collected from an orchard-grass seed field during 1996. This is the first report of choke in Oregon on orchardgrass. Choke is an important disease in France, where it reduces seed ...
Cognitive impairment and intracranial calcification in chronic hypoparathyroidism.

Background Intracranial calcification is associated with chronic hypoparathyroidism. The relationship between intracranial calcification, neurological abnormalities and cognitive deficits in this disorder is unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine whether chronic hypoparathyroidism is associated with cognitive impairment.
Atmospheric effects of the Mt Pinatubo eruption

The eruption of Mt Pinatubo in June 1991 caused the largest perturbation this century to the participate content of the stratosphere. The radiative influence of the injected particles put an end to several years of globally warm surface temperatures. At the same time, the combined effect of volcanic particles and anthropogenic reactive chlorine has led to record low levels of stratospheric ozone.
Faculty Attitudes about Progress of Metrication

The long-promised conversion to the International System of Units (SI) from the United States Customary System (USCS) has not yet occurred. To determine faculty attitudes about the anticipated conversion, a questionnaire was sent to civil engineering faculty throughout the United States. Numerous reasons for not teaching civil engineering courses in SI are cited; the main reason is that SI is not used in practice (cited almost three times as often as the next most important reason). Strong differences are noted among the several subdisciplines of civil engineering; almost 100% of the courses in steel, transportation, and concrete use less than 50% SI. Very few civil engineering departments or engineering colleges have policies about metrication. Attitudes about the relative value of the two systems, personal abilities with them, and appropriate time for conversion in the colleges and in practice are explored. A definite age bias is noted. A significant minority of civil engineering faculty do not like SI, or are opposed to a conversion to SI. Several possible causes for the general failure of a conversion to SI are discussed.
PRELIMINARY NOTE ON THE BELLY RIVER, ALBERTA, CANADA, AEROLITE (CN =+ 1130,495)

An account is given of the finding and identification of the Belly River, Alberta, aerolite, the 24th meteorite found in Canada. The note includes a preliminary description of the surface features and also of the remarkable system of metallic veins and veinlets revealed by slicing this meteorite.
Use of the chimney patch technique for Norwood stage I procedures

The Norwood stage I procedure is often used for the initial treatment of infants with hypoplastic left heart syndrome. This procedure creates a systemic arterial to pulmonary artery shunt to establish pulmonary blood flow. We describe a method to facilitate placement of this shunt by attaching a polytetrafluoroethylene shunt to a pulmonary artery homograft patch before performing the median sternotomy. This technique facilitates the performance of the proximal shunt anastomosis and expedites the procedure.
Abstract C13: Ascorbate induces cytotoxicity in prostate cancer cells through an autophagy pathway

Ascorbate (Vitamin C) has been shown to act as a pro‐oxidant agent under pharmacological concentrations, and thus can cause cancer cell death in vitro and inhibit tumor growth in animal models, through formation of H2O2. The cell death mechanisms induced by ascorbate need to be further elaborated. The goal of our study was to determine whether ascorbate is cytotoxic to prostate cancer cells and if so, to determine the mechanism of ascorbate‐induced cytotoxicity. We hypothesized that through generation of H2O2, pharmacological concentrations of ascorbate can deplete prostate cancer cell ATP and cause cell death through autophagy pathway. A panel of prostate cancer cell lines PC‐3, LNCap, C4‐2, LaPC4 and 22RV1 were incubated with millimolar range of ascorbate for two hours. Then ascorbate was washed out and cells were incubated in fresh media for 24 hrs before cell viability was assessed. Cell ATP levels were determined by HPLC. The results showed that 4 out of the 5 tested cell lines have IC50s Citation Information: Mol Cancer Ther 2009;8(12 Suppl):C13.
Nonlinear optical properties of multi-metal nanocomposites in a glass matrix

The lower and upper bounds for the nonlinear susceptibility of a multi-component nanocomposite composed of a glass host and nanoparticles of multiple metals are calculated within the context of the Hashin–Shtrikman formulation. We have applied this effective medium theory to the following ternary composites: AgCu:SiO2 and AgAu:SiO2 in the form of mixtures. These bounds were used to estimate the limits of the nonlinear effective third-order susceptibility of the composite as a function of wavelength, volume fraction and particle size. It is shown that the modulation of the third-order susceptibility of the metal by local-field enhancement due to plasmon resonance results in unexpected nonlinear responses which could be of interest to surface-enhanced Raman scattering, plasmonics and nanophotonics.
Improving Adaptability and Per-Core Performance of Many-Core Processors Through Reconfiguration

Increasing the number of cores in a multi-core processor can only be achieved by reducing the resources available in each core, and hence sacrificing the per-core performance. Furthermore, having a large number of homogeneous cores may not be effective for all the applications. For instance, threads with high instruction level parallelism will under-perform considerably in the resource-constrained cores. In this paper, we propose a core architecture that can be adapted to improve a single thread’s performance or to execute multiple threads. In particular, we integrate Reconfigurable Hardware Unit (RHU) in the resource-constrained cores of a many-core processor. The RHU can be reconfigured to execute the frequently encountered instructions from a thread in order to increase the core’s overall execution bandwidth, thus improving its performance. On the other hand, if the core’s resources are sufficient for a thread, then the RHU can be configured to executed instructions from a different thread to increase the thread level parallelism. The RHU has low area overhead, and hence has minimal impact on scalability of the number of cores. To further limit the area overhead of this mechanism, generation of the reconfiguration bits for the RHUs of multiple cores is delegated to a single core. In this paper, we present the results for using the RHU to improve a single thread’s performance. Our experiments show that the proposed architecture improves the per-core performance by an average of about 23% across a wide range of applications.
Dissection laparoscopique robot-assistée de l'aorte sous-rénale et des artères iliaques: description technique et résultats précoces

Nous rapportons notre experience initiale sur l'utilisation d'une methode originale de dissection de l'aorte sous-renale et des arteres iliaques assistee par robot, pour le traitement de maladies occlusives aorto-iliaques et d'anevrysmes aorto-iliaques abdominaux. Sept patients furent operes a l'aide du systeme chirurgical Da Vinci. Par voie transabdominale, la dissection l'aorte et des arteres iliaques etait realisee dans l'espace retroperitoneal en utilisant le systeme robotise; puis, une mini-laparotomie etait realisee et l'anastomose aorto-prothetique etait confectionnee manuellement. Il n'y a eu aucun deces dans cette serie. Cette technique emergente pourrait simplifier la dissection de l'aorte en comparaison a une chirurgie aortique totalement laparoscopique et servir d'etape intermediaire vers la realisation d'une chirurgie aortique totalement robot-assistee.
24B. The Science of Fascia.

Focus Area: Integrative Approaches to Care This talk will explain and explore the field of fascia research from the 2007 Fascia Research Congress to the present day. It will focus on recent findings about the mechanisms behind fascial release and the importance of fascia in musculoskeltal disorders, including chronic pain.
Proteostasis Modulators with Discriminating Taste

Small molecules that perturb protein homeostasis are used as cancer therapeutics and as antibiotics to treat bacterial infections. In a recent issue of Cell, Kannan and colleagues describe an intriguing mechanism that enables ribosome-targeted macrolides to selectively remodel the bacterial proteome. This finding suggests the exciting possibility of targeting additional proteostasis regulators in a substrate-selective manner.
Model for 1/f Flux noise in SQUIDs and Qubits.

We propose a model for 1/f flux noise in superconducting devices (f is frequency). The noise is generated by the magnetic moments of electrons in defect states which they occupy for a wide distribution of times before escaping. A trapped electron occupies one of the two Kramers-degenerate ground states, between which the transition rate is negligible at low temperature. As a result, the magnetic moment orientation is locked. Simulations of the noise produced by a plausible density of randomly oriented defects yield 1/f noise magnitudes in good agreement with experiments.
756 EARLY RECOGNITION OF SHOCK FROM GROUP B BETA HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCOL SEPTICEMIA IN THE NEONATE

The high mortality in neonatal Group B Beta Hemolytic Streptococcal (BHS-Gr B) septicemia may be related to difficulty in the early recognition of septic shock (SS). The objective of this study was to describe SS in 6 infants who developed BHS-Gr B sepsis at or shortly after birth. The infants (B.W.=940-2750, B.A.=27-37 wks) were studied from birth until recovery in one and death in the remaining 5. Heart rate, arterial blood pressure (ABP), central venous pressure (CVP), rectal-skin temperatures, and arterial blood gases were serially measured. During the first 10 hours, hypotension with wide pulse pressure and low diastolic pressure was consistantly present. Color, skin perfusion, CVP and rectal-skin temperatures were normal. Mild metabolic acidosis was the only abnormality in the blood gases. In the 5 infants who died, CVP increased to abnormal levels. The diastolic pressure increased and the systolic pressure decreased further resulting in a narrowing of pulse pressure. Core temperature and metabolic acidosis increased while there was a decrease in peripheral perfusion and a change in the skin color to grey. SS as a result of BHS-Gr B septicemia was characterized by an early phase with pink hypotension and peripheral vasodilation. In the infants who died, grey hypotension with peripheral vasoconstriction and heart failure supervened. We postulate that recognition and therapy of the early phase of SS may prevent progression of the disease and a fatal outcome.
Adjustment to intermittent access in rats drinking saccharin: II. Adjustment of lapping rate

Abstract Hungry rats were permitted to drink saccharin under conditions in which (a) the drinking spout was available continuously, or (b) it was withdrawn during alternate 30-sec periods. Rats adjust to such constraint by increasing their integrated lap rate (laps/min). We show that one way in which they do this is to lap at a higher rate within bursts of lapping. This faster lapping is not an artifact of forced interruptions and resumptions. It cannot only be maintained over a drinking session, but also initiated midway through the session if restricted access is imposed then. Therefore, the period of the lapping cycle can be adjusted, within limits, in response to situational constraints on access to the fluid.
Intermediate states in the movement of transfer RNA in the ribosome

Direct chemical 'footprinting' shows that translocation of transfer RNA occurs in two discrete steps. During the first step, which occurs spontaneously after the formation of the peptide bond, the acceptor end of tRNA moves relative to the large ribosomal subunit resulting in 'hybrid states' of binding. During the second step, which is promoted by elongation factor EF-G, the anticodon end of tRNA, along with the messenger RNA, moves relative to the small ribosomal subunit.
Spectral features in the AXAF HETGS effective area using high-signal-continuum tests

In order to probe for small scale spectral features of the High Energy Transmission Grating Spectrometer (HETGS) and the low energy transmission grating, we performed test at the AXAF X-Ray Calibration Facility (XRCF) using a very bright continuum source. THE Electron Impact Point Source (EIPS) was used with the Cu anode and operated at high voltage and low current in order to provide a bright continuum at high energies. The AXAF CCD Imaging Spectrometer Spectroscopy detector (ACIS-S) was used to discriminate orders and to provide high throughput when operate in continuous clocking mode. Many spectral features are observed but most of them are emission lines attributable to the source spectrum. We find that the current models for the HETG efficiency, the LETG efficiency and the AXAF High Resolution Mirror Assembly effective area predict very well the observed fine structure near the Au and Ir M edges where the models are most complex. Edges in the detector filter and quantum efficiency (QE) curves are somewhat more sharply defined in the data than in the current modes. By comparing the positive and negative dispersion regions, we find no significant efficiency asymmetry attributable to the gratings and we can further infer that the QEs of the ACIS-S frontside illuminated (FI) chips are consistent to +/- 10 percent. On the other hand, we derive the ratio of the QE for the backside illuminated (BI) chips relative to that of the FI chips and show that it deviates for the expected ratio. This deviation may result from grade differences due to operation in CC mode while most calibration data are obtained in timed event mode.
Effects of Phonotactic and Orthotactic Probabilities During Fast Mapping on 5-Year-Olds' Learning to Spell

The purpose of this study was to investigate the orthographic-processing skills of typically developing 5-year-old preschool children. Of interest was whether phonotactic probabilities and/or orthotactic probabilities affected their ability to quickly learn the orthographic forms of 12 novel words. Orthographic processing was measured by the children's ability to spell and identify spellings of the novel words. Specifically, we were interested in whether (a) children quickly stored or "fast mapped" orthographic information after minimal exposure to novel words during storybook readings, (b) phonotactic and orthotactic probabilities affected orthographic fast-mapping skills, and (c) orthographic processing explained unique variance on a measure of the children's early spelling abilities. The results of this study indicated that young children quickly fast mapped orthographic information after minimal exposure to novel words, and their spelling (generation or reproduction but not recognition) was influenced by phonotactic and orthotactic probabilities. The significance of this work is that it demonstrates that preschoolers can fast map orthographic words they see onto spoken words they hear while listening to storybooks read to them and that the spelling of preschoolers is influenced uniquely by both phonological and orthographic information (probability of frequent letter and sound sequences in English words).
Effect of solution pH on the accelerated cracking of nanoporous thin-film glasses

Hybrid organic–inorganic nanoporous thin-film glasses are extremely fragile and prone to stress-corrosion cracking in reactive environments. This has limited their integration as ultra low dielectric constant layers in high density integrated circuits. We demonstrate how crack growth is influenced by non-buffered aqueous solutions and show that with increasing pH, crack-growth rates are significantly accelerated. Interestingly, a crack growth regime limited by the transport of hydroxide ions to the crack tip was observed. Existing models commonly used to predict crack growth are shown to over estimate the experimental data by 6 orders of magnitude. We rationalize this behavior in terms of a significant difference in the crack tip solution chemistry as compared to that of the bulk and propose both chemical reaction and transport mechanisms to support this hypothesis.
TNF-α promotes cerebral pericyte remodeling in vitro , via a switch from α1 to α2 integrins

There is increasing evidence to suggest that pericytes play a crucial role in regulating the remodeling state of blood vessels. As cerebral pericytes are embedded within the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the vascular basal lamina, it is important to understand how individual ECM components influence pericyte remodeling behavior, and how cytokines regulate these events. The influence of different vascular ECM substrates on cerebral pericyte behavior was examined in assays of cell adhesion, migration, and proliferation. Pericyte expression of integrin receptors was examined by flow cytometry. The influence of cytokines on pericyte functions and integrin expression was also examined, and the role of specific integrins in mediating these effects was defined by function-blocking antibodies. Expression of pericyte integrins within remodeling cerebral blood vessels was analyzed using dual immunofluorescence (IF) of brain sections derived from the animal model of multiple sclerosis, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Fibronectin and collagen I promoted pericyte proliferation and migration, but heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) had an inhibitory influence on pericyte behavior. Flow cytometry showed that cerebral pericytes express high levels of α5 integrin, and lower levels of α1, α2, and α6 integrins. The pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α strongly promoted pericyte proliferation and migration, and concomitantly induced a switch in pericyte integrins, from α1 to α2 integrin, the opposite to the switch seen when pericytes differentiated. Inhibition studies showed that α2 integrin mediates pericyte adhesion to collagens, and significantly, function blockade of α2 integrin abrogated the pro-modeling influence of TNF-α. Dual-IF on brain tissue with the pericyte marker NG2 showed that while α1 integrin was expressed by pericytes in both stable and remodeling vessels, pericyte expression of α2 integrin was strongly induced in remodeling vessels in EAE brain. Our results suggest a model in which ECM constituents exert an important influence on pericyte remodeling status. In this model, HSPG restricts pericyte remodeling in stable vessels, but during inflammation, TNF-α triggers a switch in pericyte integrins from α1 to α2, thereby stimulating pericyte proliferation and migration on collagen. These results thus define a fundamental molecular mechanism in which TNF-α stimulates pericyte remodeling in an α2 integrin-dependent manner.
Effect of Reduced Beam Section Frame Elements on Stiffness of Moment Frames

The reduction of the flanges of steel wide flange beams near beam-column joints in special moment resistant frames is currently an acceptable alteration of a connection which connects a beam and column with complete-joint-penetration groove welded flanges and a welded or bolted web connection. Herein, the closed-form stiffness matrix of a two-dimensional frame element with radius flange reductions symmetric about the centroid of the element is derived using virtual work theories. Tip translations of a cantilevered W24×103 beam containing a maximum reduction in flange area of 44% are obtained using two methods: The analytically derived stiffness matrix of the reduced beam section (RBS) frame element and finite-element analyses of the beam discretized with solid elements. The differences between the results of the two analyses range from 0.3 to 3.9%. The stiffness matrix terms of a W24×76 beam with and without flange reductions are compared. Again, the frame element includes a 44% maximum reduction of beam flange area. The resulting reduction in stiffness terms ranges from 3.6 to 15.1%. The rotational stiffness decreased by 10.4%. The effects of changes in the dimensions and location of radius flange reductions on the stiffness matrix of the beam are investigated. Given a specific cut geometry and location, as the length of the beam increases, the effect of the cuts on all stiffness terms decreases. However, the relationships are not linear. The relationships between the reduced flange width and the stiffness terms are also nonlinear. As the length of the beam or the width of the reduced flanges increases, the reduction in all stiffness terms decreases at a decreasing rate. As the cuts are moved away from the ends of the beams, the reduction in shear and bending stiffness terms also decreases at a decreasing rate. The location of the reductions has no effect on the axial stiffness of the frame element. The results also show that as the length of the cuts is increased, the reduction in the shear and bending stiffness terms increases at a decreasing rate, and the reduction in axial stiffness increases at practically a constant rate. The results of parametric studies conducted on six-story two- and three-bay moment frames subjected to seismic base shears are also presented. Lateral story drift coefficients of moment frames with and without RBS beams are compared. The greatest reduction area investigated consisted of 40% maximum reductions in all the beam flanges. When compared to frames without cuts, these reductions resulted in a 10.6% increase in the story drift of the two-bay frame and a 10.3% increase in the story drift of the three-bay frame.