cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Urine and extragenital gonococcal and Chlamydia infections in HIV positive young men who have sex with men (YMSM): enhanced detection of rectal Chlamydia when screening with nucleic acid amplified tests versus cultures

Abstract Background: Multiple studies have been done on adult men who have sex with men (MSM), but no studies have shown the rates of extragenital site sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among HIV positive young men who have sex with men (YMSM). The objective of this study was to document the rates of extragenital Neisseria gonorrhoeae (GC) and Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) infection among HIV positive YMSM while conducting a validity study for the use of nucleic acid amplified tests (NAATs), to detect extragenital GC and CT. Methods: Behaviorally infected HIV positive YMSM were enrolled in this study from one urban adolescent HIV clinic, and were screened for urine and extragenital site GC and CT over a 2 year period. Samples from these sites (pharyngeal and rectal) were tested for GC and CT using both traditional culture media and NAAT technology. Urine was tested using only NAAT. Results: Of 67 screenings, 36% (n = 24) yielded at least one positive, and 69% of participants (18/26) had at least one pos...
Physical validation of a Monte Carlo‐based, phantom‐derived approach to computed tomography organ dosimetry under tube current modulation

Purpose To physically validate the accuracy of a Monte Carlo-based, phantom-derived methodology for computed tomography (CT) dosimetry that utilizes organ doses from precomputed axial scans and that accounts for tube current modulation (TCM). Methods The output of a Toshiba Aquilion ONE CT scanner was modeled, based on physical measurement, in the Monte Carlo radiation transport code MCNPX (v2.70). CT examinations were taken of two anthropomorphic phantoms representing pediatric and adult patients (15-yr-old female and adult male) at various energies, in which physical organ dose measurements were made using optically stimulated luminescence dosimeters (OSLDs). These exams (chest-abdomen-pelvis) were modeled using organ dose data obtained from the computationally equivalent phantom of each anthropomorphic phantom. TCM was accounted for by weighting all organ dose contributions by both the relative attenuation of the phantom and the image-derived mA value (from the DICOM header) at the same z-extent (cranial-caudal direction) of the axial dose data. Results The root mean squares of percent difference in organ dose when comparing the physical organ dose measurements to the computational estimates were 21.2, 12.1, and 15.1% for the uniform (no attenuation weighting), weighted (computationally derived), and image-based methodologies, respectively. Conclusions Overall, these data suggest that the Monte Carlo-based dosimetry presented in this work is viable for CT dosimetry. Additionally, for CT exams with TCM, local attenuation weighting of organ dose contributions from precomputed axial dosimetry libraries increases organ dose accuracy.
Critique [of Griggs and Corrothers: Historical Reality and Black Fiction]

James Payne9s thoughtful and carefully documented essay stresses the importance of evaluating ethnic American, specifically Afroamerican, fiction within its historical context. The historical information he provides in his essay concerning the Afroamerican response to the Spanish-American War and to America9s paranoia of a supposed “Yellow Peril” does indeed shed light on how Griggs and Corrothers each imaginatively re-invested a specific social reality with an Afroamerican revolutionary furor—a rage which ironically had the best interest of the country at heart.
On the Validity of the Second Fundamental Theorem in a Medium with Anisotropic Scattering

The second fundamental theorem of reactor theory states that a good estimate of the nonleakage probability from a bare reactor is given by the Fourier transform of the infinite medium kernel evaluated at the asymptotic buckling of the reactor. Inonu has investigated the validity of this theorem for the one-velocity slab reactor with isotropic scattering by means of a variational technique. He finds its use gives very good results even for quite small reactors with dimensions of the order of a few mean free paths. In the present paper the effect of anisotropy in the scattering on the validity of the theorem is investigated by a variationiteration technique. It is concluded that the theorem is, in general, less reliable the more anisotropic the scattering. (auth)
Abstract P083: Diabetes Sub-Phenotypes Determined by Nutritional, Environmental,and Inflammatory Biomarkers and All-Cause Mortality in US Adults: The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, 1988-1994

Due to phenotypic heterogeneity in diabetes, it is important to examine different sub-phenotypes of diabetes based on biomarkers and evaluate their associations with all-cause mortality. We utilized the nationally representative sample in the NHANES III (The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994) to explore possible sub-phenotypes of diabetes determined based on tertile levels of 50 nutritional, environmental, and inflammatory biomarkers, respectively. Weighted logistic regression analyses were performed among 2,130 diabetic patients aged 20 to 90 years with adjustment for age, sex, race, BMI, smoking status, drinking status, physical activity, and educational background. We observed an increased risk of all-cause mortality associated with higher level of serum C-reactive protein ( P for trend=.01), serum thyroid stimulating hormone ( P for trend=.01), and urine albumin ( P for trend P for trend=.01) and alpha carotene ( P for trend=.003) are associated with a decreased risk of all-cause mortality. In addition, these significant associations were not modified by age, sex, and race. In conclusion, our results indicate that some biomarkers are reliable predictors of diabetes-related mortality and have potential clinical values for improving risk stratification in diabetic patients, though further validation of their respective and joint predictive values is needed.
A reconstruction of global hydroclimate and dynamical variables over the Common Era

Hydroclimate extremes critically affect human and natural systems, but there remain many unanswered questions about their causes and how to interpret their dynamics in the past and in climate change projections. These uncertainties are due, in part, to the lack of long-term, spatially resolved hydroclimate reconstructions and information on the underlying physical drivers for many regions. Here we present the first global reconstructions of hydroclimate and associated climate dynamical variables over the past two thousand years. We use a data assimilation approach tailored to reconstruct hydroclimate that optimally combines 2,978 paleoclimate proxy-data time series with the physical constraints of an atmosphere—ocean climate model. The global reconstructions are annually or seasonally resolved and include two spatiotemporal drought indices, near-surface air temperature, an index of North Atlantic variability, the location of the intertropical convergence zone, and monthly Nino indices. This database, called the Paleo Hydrodynamics Data Assimilation product (PHYDA), will provide a critical new platform for investigating the causes of past climate variability and extremes, while informing interpretations of future hydroclimate projections. Machine-accessible metadata file describing the reported data (ISA-Tab format)
Highlights of the 2006 Scientific Sessions of the Heart Failure Society of America: Seattle, Washington, September 10–13, 2006

The Heart Failure Society of America (HFSA) represents the first organized effort by heart failure experts from the Americas to provide a forum for all those interested in heart failure research and patient care. The annual scientific meeting brings together cardiologists, surgeons, nurses, and
Multivariate Statistical Analysis and Random Matrix Theory

This chapter is concerned with a number of issues in statistics that have a grouptheoretic flavor. Large books can be found that are dedicated to each of the topics that are discussed briefly in the sections that follow. Although the coverage here is meant to be broad and introductory for the most part, effort is taken to elucidate connections between statistics and the theory of Lie groups, perhaps at the expense of completeness. The main topics covered are numerical sampling techniques, multivariate statistical analysis, and theory/numerical procedures associated with random orthogonal, positive definite, unitary, and Hermitian matrices. Integration on Lie groups and their homogeneous spaces ties these topics together. Pointers to classical applications in particle physics as well as more recent applications in complicated wireless communication networks are provided.
Current merchandising practices and characteristics of beef wholesale rib usage in three U.S. cities.

Packers/processors, supermarket meat managers, and restaurant meat purchasers were surveyed to determine industry utilization of the beef wholesale rib. Nine packer/processors representing > 52% of the U.S. steer-heifer slaughter reported that more than two-thirds (68.5%) of the ribs were wholesaled as ribeye, lip-on (IMPS 112A) subprimals and that its predominance in the market makes it the standard for pricing. For merchandising variations of this cut (e.g., ribeye, lip-off), packer prices are adjusted to lip-on bases according to the relative yield. Excess fat was the most common complaint about ribeye steaks, reported by 78% of the packer/processors. In particular, 71% of them reported the "kernel" fat near the center of a ribeye steak between the longissimus and spinalis dorsi muscles is quite difficult to trim out and represents the greatest problem in merchandising. Forty-two percent of supermarket meat managers and 58% of restaurant meat purchasers thought the fat content of beef ribeyes discouraged consumers from purchasing all beef. Kernel fat was specifically cited by 36% of the restaurateurs. Alternative merchandising strategies should be employed to minimize the negative value effects of kernel fat. Even with excess fat being a concern to approximately half of the beef rib buyers, most still bought lip-on ribeyes and trimmed excess fat away. Apparently, they made this choice of lower price per weight, even though price per trimmed serving might be similar to lip-off ribeyes. Excess fat is being transported from packer/processor to buyers in the form of lip-on ribeyes because of the price relationships.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Intellectual relevance: an interview with Michael Bérubé

ABSTRACTThis essay provides an overview of the career of distinguished literary scholar and defender of the humanities Michael Berube, followed by a transcription of his interview with Frederick Aldama in which he discusses his own life and the current state of humanistic study.
Analysis of Hydrogen Dry Cell for Alkaline Water Electrolysis

This paper presents analysis of experimental results, of a hydrogen dry cell for alkaline water electrolysis, to optimize hydrogen production. The normalized cell varying input variables include: voltage-gradient, volts $/\mathrm{c}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{l}\mathrm{l}$; current-density, $\mathrm{m}\mathrm{a}/\mathrm{c}\mathrm{m}2$; and electrolyte concentration, $\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{l}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{t}$. We defined a set of normalized output metrics to compare our results with the others. These are overall cell performance constants including: Cell production-rate constants: $\mathrm{C}_{\mathrm{l}\mathrm{p}\mathrm{m}}$ in liters $/\displaystyle \min$ and $\mathrm{C}_{\mathrm{m}\mathrm{m}\mathrm{w}}$ in milli $-\displaystyle \mathrm{l}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{t}/\min/\mathrm{w}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t}$; cell energy consumption constant Cwh in watt-hours/lit; and cell overall conversion efficiency $\mathrm{C}_{\mathrm{e}\mathrm{f}\mathrm{f}}$ in percentage. Analysis of our measurement-data find that correct voltage-gradient is very critical for optimal production of hydrogen gas. We can achieve optimal hydrogen-production even at very low electrolyte concentrations. Operating at low concentration levels resulted in drastic reduction in cell-maintenance.
Iodine detection in Ag-mordenite based sensors: Charge conduction pathway determinations

Abstract Detection of radiological iodine gas after nuclear accidents or in nuclear fuel reprocessing is necessary for the safety of human life and the environment. The development of sensors for the detection of iodine benefits from the incorporation of nanoporous materials with high selectivity for I2 from common competing gases in air. Silver mordenite zeolite (Ag-MOR) is widely-used material for capture of gaseous iodine (I2). Herein, thin film zeolite coatings were applied to Pt interdigitated electrodes (IEDs) to fabricate iodine gas sensors with direct electrical readout responses. Correlations between occluded ion, exposure to iodine gas, resultant AgI nanoparticle polymorphs and location in zeolite with resultant impedance spectroscopy (IS) properties are described. Furthermore, IS is leveraged to elucidate the changes in charge conduction pathways as determined by the cation-zeolite film incorporated in the sensor. Silver mordenite reveals a significant change in impedance upon exposure to gaseous I2 at 70 °C, and the magnitude and direction of the response is dependent on whether the Ag+-mordenite is reduced (Ag0) before I2 exposure. An equivalent circuit model is developed to describe the movement of charge along the surface and through the pores of the mordenite grains. Relative changes in the impedance of these conduction pathways are related to the chemical changes from Ag+ or Ag0 to resultant AgI polymorph phase. Together, these results inform design of a compact Ag-mordenite sensor for direct electrical detection of gaseous I2.
A Single-Cycle Adenovirus Type 7 Vaccine for Prevention of Acute Respiratory Disease

Adenovirus type 7 (Ad7) infection is associated with acute respiratory disease (ARD), especially in military recruits living in close quarters. Recently, several outbreaks of Ad7 infections have occurred in civilian populations, with some cases leading to death. However, the current Ad7 vaccine is licensed for use only in military recruits because it utilizes an orally delivered wild type virus which is shed in the stool for 28 days after immunization. This poses a safety risk due to the possibility of virus spread to vulnerable populations. To address the need for a safer Ad7 vaccine for use in civilian populations, we developed a single-cycle Ad7 virus (scAd7). This scAd7 virus is deleted for the Ad7 fiber protein, so that viruses produced outside of complementing cells lines lack this essential structural protein and have severely reduced infectivity. In vitro studies in noncomplementing A549 cells showed that the scAd7 virus has genomic DNA replication kinetics and Ad7 hexon expression similar to a replication-competent virus; however, virus progeny produced after infection has impaired infectivity. Therefore, this scAd7 virus combines the safety advantages of a replication-defective virus with the increased Ad7 gene expression of a replication-competent virus. Due to these advantages, we believe that scAd7 viruses should be further studied as an alternative, safer Adenovirus 7 vaccine.
Statin-induced delayed rhabdomyolysis.

An elderly woman with a history of hypertension, hypothyroidism, mesenteric vein thrombosis, depression and hyperlipidaemia on statins for >9 years presented with new-onset leg weakness, falls, dark-coloured urine, transaminitis and rhabdomyolysis (creatinine phosphokinase 12 896 U/L; aldolase 45.9 (normal <7.7 U/L). Workup for autoimmune myositis was negative. The patient had clinical and laboratory improvement with discontinuation of statins with the return of clinical strength and creatinine phosphokinase back to baseline levels (51 U/L) within 2 weeks.
Immunotherapy for Basal Cell Carcinoma

Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is the most common cancer diagnosis in the United States. Approximately 3.3 million people are diagnosed with a total of 5.4 million NSMCs annually. Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common type of NMSC; however, cancer registries do not collect information on BCC, and thus the data regarding its prevalence and true incidence are not obtainable. Previous population-based studies estimated the age-standardized annual incidence of BCC in both Caucasian men and women to be 146–422 cases per 100,000 people. BCC is largely a localized neoplasm with an estimated metastatic rate of 0.0028–0.55%. Depending on the histologic subtype, location, size, patient’s immune status, and other factors, BCC can be treated with various modalities, including Mohs micrographic surgery, which provides the highest cure rate possible. When BCC becomes locally advanced or metastatic, surgical resection may result in disfigurement and significant morbidity; therefore, an alternative therapeutic approach is needed.
Mixed Eletro-Optic Metasurface with a Hybrid Plasmonic-Phase-Change Material Architecture

We demonstrate an electro-optically reconfigurable hybrid metasurface platform formed by integration of plasmonic nanostructures with phase-change materials to effectively modulate the incident light over a broad range of wavelengths in the telecommunication window.
A Foreshock Model for Interstellar Shocks of Solar Origin: Voyager 1 and 2 Observations

The Voyager 1 (V1) and Voyager 2 (V2) spacecraft were launched in 1977 on a mission to explore the outer planets and reach the heliopause, the boundary between the hot solar plasma and the relatively cool interstellar plasma. V1 reached the heliopause on 2012 August 25, at 121.6 au, and V2 reached the heliopause on 2018 November 5, at 119.0 au. One of their remarkable discoveries was the detection of shocks propagating into the interstellar plasma from energetic solar events. These shocks are typically preceded by electron plasma oscillations excited by electron beams streaming along interstellar magnetic field lines ahead of the shocks. The frequencies of the plasma oscillations have now provided radial electron density profiles in the outer heliosphere and in the interstellar medium to radial distances of more than 145 au. The oscillations are typically preceded by bursts of high-energy ~5–100 MeV electrons. These electron bursts are interpreted as being due to the reflection (and acceleration) of cosmic-ray electrons by the shock at the time the shock first contacts the magnetic field line that passes through the spacecraft. Relative timing between the cosmic rays reflected by the shock and the onset of the plasma oscillations allow us, for the first time, to estimate the energy, ~20–100 eV, of the electron beams responsible for the plasma oscillations. These observations are combined into a self-consistent model called the foreshock model that describes the interaction of shocks of solar origin with the interstellar plasma.
Association of lactate dehydrogenase with mortality in incident hemodialysis patients.

BACKGROUND Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) plays a role in the glucose metabolism of the human body. Higher LDH levels have been linked to mortality in various cancer types; however, the relationship between LDH and survival in incident hemodialysis (HD) patients has not yet been examined. We hypothesized that higher LDH level is associated with higher death risk in these patients. METHODS We examined the association of baseline and time-varying serum LDH with all-cause, cardiovascular and infection-related mortality among 109 632 adult incident HD patients receiving care from a large dialysis organization in the USA during January 2007 to December 2011. Baseline and time-varying survival models were adjusted for demographic variables and available clinical and laboratory surrogates of malnutrition-inflammation complex syndrome. RESULTS There was a linear association between baseline serum LDH levels and all-cause, cardiovascular and infection-related mortality in both baseline and time-varying models, except for time-varying infection-related mortality. Adjustment for markers of inflammation and malnutrition attenuated the association in all models. In fully adjusted models, baseline LDH levels ≥360 U/L were associated with the highest risk of all-cause mortality (hazard ratios = 1.19, 95% confidence interval 1.14-1.25). In time-varying models, LDH >280 U/L was associated with higher death risk in all three hierarchical models for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. CONCLUSIONS Higher LDH level >280 U/L was incrementally associated with higher all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in incident dialysis patients, whereas LDH <240 U/L was associated with better survival. These findings suggest that the assessment of metabolic functions and monitoring for comorbidities may confer survival benefit to dialysis patients.
Extramammary Paget’s Disease

Extramammary Paget’s disease (EMPD) is a rare, slow-growing intraepithelial adenocarcinoma typically localized to areas of apocrine gland distribution outside the mammary glands. EMPD typically involves the vulva, perianal area, and male genitalia, with rare sites including the thighs, buttocks, axilla, eyelids, and external ear canal. The vulva remains the most frequently involved site with 65% of EMPD located in this area. Lesions appear as erythematous, brown or white, moist plaques that are well differentiated and often accompanied by subtle subjective symptoms of pruritus and pain. Its pathogenesis has been debated, but most cases are thought to arise as a primary intraepidermal neoplasm of glandular origin. A minority of disease appears to be intraepithelial spread of an underlying dermal adnexal malignancy or a regional neoplasm with contiguous epithelium. The diagnosis of EMPD is confirmed histologically by the presence of vacuolated Paget cells in the epidermis that stain for glandular cytokeratins, epithelial membrane antigen, and carcinoembryonic antigen. Treatment options which include surgical excision, Mohs micrographic surgery, radiotherapy, photodynamic therapy, topical imiquimod 5% cream, 5-fluorouracil, and systemic chemotherapy have also been used successfully. Recurrence is common, necessitating a close follow-up.
Just for Kicks: Football as a Potential Harmoniser in the China–Pakistan Economic Corridor

When the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor began in 2015, many Pakistanis remain concerned about a possible Chinese overreach in the country’s economic and political spheres. In this paper, I sugges...
Systematic Review of Research on Co-Location Models for Serving Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survivors

Co-located models to address intimate partner violence and sexual violence, such as Family Justice Centers (FJC) and Multi-Agency Model Centers (MAMC), have emerged as promising practices to meet the needs of survivors. Although implementation of FJCs and MAMCs is widespread and supported by a recent increase in funding, little is known about the effectiveness of these models. This systematic review synthesizes and critically analyzes the peer-reviewed and grey literature focused on evaluating FJCs and MAMCs in the United States. A systematic search of terms pertaining to intimate partner violence, sexual violence, and co-located models was conducted using 11 computerized article databases and 15 center and organization websites. Thirteen studies were included in the final sample, most of which were government or agency-initiated reports. Over half of the studies were process evaluations and four were outcome evaluations. Of the outcome evaluations, none included a comparison group and two used a longitudinal design. Overall, the studies largely focused on organizational outcomes as opposed to survivor outcomes. Despite the lack of information pertaining to survivor outcomes, study findings indicated a high degree of provider and survivor satisfaction with co-located models. Although the research on co-located models – such as FJCs and MAMCs – is growing, evidence about the models’ impact on survivor outcomes related to safety and well-being is inconclusive. Using methodologically rigorous approaches to evaluation design and data analysis, future research should focus on exploring the relationship between coordination, collaboration, and survivor outcomes.
Abstract P153: Downregulation of Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase Within the Paraventricular Nucleus in Insulin Dependent Diabetic Akita Mice

Activation of both renin-angiotensin- system (RAS) and sympathetic system are the primary etiologic events in the development of hypertension in diabetes mellitus (DM). However, the precise mechani...
Grappling with the transformative potential of translanguaging pedagogy in an elementary school with Syrian refugees in post-coup Turkey

Translanguaging pedagogies have been documented to support language minoritized students in various ways, such as supporting their academic learning, affirming their bi-/multilingual and cultural i...
Preparative thin-layer chromatography for the separation of the various forms of vitamin B6 in tissues. Vitamin B6 content of chick embryo liver during the midperiod of development.

Abstract 1. 1. A method is described whereby total pyridoxal, pyridoxine, pyridoxamine and 4-pyridoxic acid have been quantitatively separated and measured using one tissue sample. The method utilizes preparative thin-layer chromatography for separation of the previously mentioned forms of vitamin B 6 . After elution, the pyridoxic acid lactone method was employed for fluorimetric determination of the concentration of the vitamin forms involved. 2. 2. This method was applied to the determination of vitamin B 6 concentration in chick embryo livers ranging from 8 to 14 days of development. From 8 to 12 days the order of compounds (from highest to lowest)_concentration is pyridoxine > pyridoxamine > pyridoxal > pyridoxic acid. At 13 and 14 days the order is pyridoxamine > pyridoxine > pyridoxal > pyridoxic acid. The concentration of total forms of vitamin B 6 reaches a maximum at 12 days and thenn decrease significantly. 3. 3. The concentration of pyridoxal phosphate in embryonic chick liver from 8 to 14 days of development has also been determined, and ranges from 4 to 8 nmoles per g liver. The maximum concentration occurs at 12 and 13 days.
Browser-Based Intrusion Prevention System

This work proposes a novel intrusion prevention technique that leverages information located in the browser in order to mitigate client-side web attacks such as login cross-site request forgery, session hijacking, etc. The browser intrusion prevention system enforces a new fine-grained policy, which complements the same-origin policy, that restricts interaction between authenticated and unauthenticated regions of a page or its associated stored data objects. The browser intrusion prevention system monitors page interactions that occur through script processing or URL fetches. The outcome of this technique is a system that can prevent attacks that are perpetuated by exploiting a user's browser into making malicious request.
Duality Relations for Non-Ohmic Composites, with Applications to Behavior near Percolation

Keller, Dykhne, and others have exploited duality to derive exact results for the effective behavior of two-dimensional Ohmic composites. This paper addresses similar issues in the non-Ohmic context. We focus primarily on three different types of nonlinearity: (a) the weakly nonlinear regime; (b) power-law behavior; and (c) dielectric breakdown. We first make the consequences of duality explicit in each setting. Then we draw conclusions concerning the critical exponents and scaling functions of “dual pairs” of random non-Ohmic composites near a percolation threshold. These results generalize, unify, and simplify relations previously derived for nonlinear resistor networks. We also discuss some self-dual nonlinear composites. Our treatment is elementary and self-contained; however, we also link it with the more abstract mathematical discussions of duality by Jikov and Kozlov.
Fetal bladder outlet obstruction due to ureterocele: in utero "colander" therapy.

Bladder outlet obstruction secondary to ureterocele is well documented. 1 Fetal bladder obstruction due to ureterocele is usually monitored expectantly in utero and then treated in the neonatal period with endoscopic incision of the ureterocele. 2,3 Fetal bladder outlet obstruction due to ureterocele has also been treated with in utero vesicocentesis. 4 In utero surgery has been reported at 19 weeks with fetal cystoscopy (3.5-mm trocar) and laser incision of the ureterocele. 5 In utero incision of a ureterocele has been performed at 28 weeks with a laser inserted under sonographic guidance through a 19-gauge needle. 6 We present a case of fetal bladder outlet obstruction with a ureterocele relieved by in utero vesicocentesis and multiple colander punctures of the ureterocele by a single fetal insertion of a 20-gauge needle.
On the Double-Consciousness of Judging: The Problematic Legacy of Cardozo

A common assessment of Cardozo's greatness is that it is based on a combination of his judicial performance and his extra-judicial writings. I argue that herein lies a crucial misconception of Cardozo's life project. Cardozo's legacy is better understood not as a single corpus, but rather as an uneasy hybrid of two inconsistent bodies of work. In his extra-judicial writing about judicial decision-making, he candidly exposed the creativity, fallibility, and subjectivity inherent in the process; as a judge, he imposed a distinct sense of inevitableness, certitude, and objectivity. Cardozo effectively operated in two disparate roles and alternated between two incompatible self-conceptions. To perform this successfully, he must have compartmentalized the contradictory aspects of the self-concept. The judicial role continues to be pulled apart between conflicting demands. To succeed in their office, judges are faced with the perceived expectations of imposing closure, while also addressing the concerns of skeptical onlookers. An effective way to survive and thrive in this testing environment is to compartmentalize one's self-concept, as Cardozo himself did so remarkably. Cardozo was an astute expositor of the human functioning, but also a concealer of his own doing. Thus, he provides a quintessential model of a judges' judge. His insightful account serves current judges well in that it provides them with a favorable conception of their activity as they continue to produce opinions forged in the questionable mold he helped perpetuate. Indeed, it is the very contrariness and conflict embodied in his work that makes him so vital. Understanding the reputation of this complex figure thus helps us better understand the double-consciousness of the judicial function and the contradictory nature of our legal system.
Integrated performance monitoring PLC circuit for WDM system

An integrated performance monitoring PLC circuit based on a double-resolution-AWG-based power monitoring circuit concatenating with a tunable periodic notch filter is proposed and demonstrated. It achieves wavelength, power and high dynamic range OSNR monitoring functionalities on a single chip.
The literature and medicine seminar for medical students : a potential recruitment tool.

Literature and medicine (L-M) seminars have been used occasionally in psychiatric training programs, and their use has been sparingly described in the literature. A similar seminar designed for preclinical medical students, employing short stories focused on medically related themes, was offered as an elective in 1991. By asking enrollees about their future specialty choices, the author found that the L-M seminar predominantly attracted those students who were drawn to the "patient-oriented" specialties. In addition, both psychiatric expertise and sensitivity to student concerns and interests were necessary for the seminar to succeed. It is proposed, therefore, that the L-M seminar provides a novel opportunity for psychiatric educators to attract and encourage patient-oriented students to consider psychiatry as a future specialty choice early in their training.
Using incentives to increase participation in prenatal care

Objective: To test the effectiveness of offering two kinds of incentives to encourage low-income women's participation in prenatal and postpartum care. Methods: Two hundred five Medicaid-eligible women enrolled in a prenatal clinic were randomly assigned to receive a $5.00 gift certificate (N = 51) or a gift certificate and a chance to win a $100 raffle (N = 53) for each prenatal appointment they kept. Controls (N = 101) and the two experimental groups were interviewed postpartum about their satisfaction with prenatal care. Women in the three groups were compared for the number of prenatal and the postpartum appointments, satisfaction with care, length of gestation, and birth weight. Results: Thirty-nine percent missed one to seven prenatal appointments, and 45% missed the postpartum appointment. There were no significant differences among the three groups in any of the outcome variables. Women missed appointments because of the lack of transportation, poor weather, and illness. Conclusion: Providing incentives does not overcome barriers to receiving prenatal care.
Management of a Case of Severe Pelvic Fracture Related Bladder Trauma

A 62-year-old male was admitted after being struck by a bus. He sustained a severe pelvic fracture, sigmoid colon injury, and both intraperitoneal and extraperitoneal bladder injury. He underwent initial successful bladder repair. However, at 7 days post-operatively he manifested a leak from the repair and urine was evident coming from the pins of his pelvic external fixator. A repeat cystogram showed massive extravasation, which was managed by operative ligation of the lower ureters and placement of percutaneous nephrostomy tubes. He underwent ureteral reconstruction and colostomy reversal at 9 months. He has both bladder and bowel control.
Loss of a protein phosphatase 2A regulatory subunit (Cdc55p) elicits improper regulation of Swe1p degradation.

CDC55 encodes a Saccharomyces cerevisiae protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) regulatory subunit. cdc55-null cells growing at low temperature exhibit a failure of cytokinesis and produce abnormally elongated buds, but cdc55-null cells producing the cyclin-dependent kinase Cdc28-Y19F, which is unable to be inhibited by Y19 phosphorylation, show a loss of the abnormal morphology. Furthermore, cdc55-null cells exhibit a hyperphosphorylation of Y19. For these reasons, we have examined in wild-type and cdc55-null cells the levels and activities of the kinase (Swe1p) and phosphatase (Mih1p) that normally regulate the extent of Cdc28 Y19 phosphorylation. We find that Mih1p levels are comparable in the two strains, and an estimate of the in vivo and in vitro phosphatase activity of this enzyme in the two cell types indicates no marked differences. By contrast, while Swe1p levels are similar in unsynchronized and S-phase-arrested wild-type and cdc55-null cells, Swe1 kinase is found at elevated levels in mitosis-arrested cdc55-null cells. This excess Swe1p in cdc55-null cells is the result of ectopic stabilization of this protein during G2 and M, thereby accounting for the accumulation of Swe1p in mitosis-arrested cells. We also present evidence indicating that, in cdc55-null cells, misregulated PP2A phosphatase activity is the cause of both the ectopic stabilization of Swe1p and the production of the morphologically abnormal phenotype.
Deoxycorticosterone biosynthesis from progesterone in kidney tissue of the human fetus.

The levels of deoxycorticosterone (DOC) and DOC sulfate are extraordinarily high in the umbilical cord plasma of human newborns. However, the sources of DOC and DOC sulfate in the human fetus are not defined. Recently, it was shown that plasma progesterone was converted to DOC in extraadrenal tissues in pregnant, nonpregnant, and adrenalectomized women and in men. Thus, DOC formation from plasma progesterone constitutes another example of the formation of a biologically active steroid hormone from a circulating precursor. In addition, the conversion of [3H]progesterone to [3H]DOC in homogenates and microsome-enriched preparations of adult human kidney tissue was demonstrated. To investigate the origin of DOC in the human fetus, we sought 1) to ascertain whether steroid 21-hydroxylase activity was present in human fetal kidney kidney tissue and 2) to establish the kinetics of the reaction catalyzed by this enzyme should it be present in fetal kidney. We employed microsome-enriched preparations of kidney ti...
Degradation of RDX by various advanced oxidation processes : II. Organic by-products

Abstract This study resulted in the detection and identification of several organic by-products that were formed upon photolysis or oxidation of RDX by various advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). Photolysis of RDX by UV showed evidence of formation of two by-products, probably by the successive elimination of two equivalents of nitrous acid. These were tentatively identified as 1, 3-dinitro-1, 3, 5-triazacyclohex-5-ene and 1-nitro-1, 3, 5-triazacyclohex-3, 5,-ene . Both of these compounds were present as intermediates and disappeared upon further photolysis. Three other by-products were also detected which persisted for the entire duration of the photolysis process. These were identified by derivatization with O-pentafluorobenzyl-hydroxylamine (PFBHA) and subsequent extraction and GC/MS. Two of these were positively identified as PFBHA derivatives of formamide and urea. Oxidation of RDX by processes involving ozone also led to the detection of formamide and urea (as PFBHA derivatives) early in the oxidation process. However, these compounds disappeared with the progress of the oxidation process. Four other by-products which were detected only during degradation of RDX by oxidation processes involving ozone. Two were tentatively identified as N-hydroxy formamide and nitro formaldehyde , and the apparent molecular weights of the others were 88 and 102.
Comparative metabolic clearance rate, volume of distribution and plasma half-life of human β-lipotropin and acth

Abstract An antiserum to βh-lipotropin (LPH) which does not cross react with βh-endorphin has been obtained utilizing two different methods of affinity chromatography. This was employed in studies of three normal human subjects in whom the metabolic clearance rate (MCR) apparent volume of distribution (Vd) and fractional rate of disappearance (Kd) of ACTH and βh-LPH were determined following bolus simultaneous injection of 270 μg highly purified βh-LPH and 230 μg of synthetic human ACTH. A biphasic disappearance curve was noted for both hormones. β h -LPH : MCR-0.571, 0.519, and 0.461 L/minute; Vd-30.7, 27.7, 25.0 liters, representing 49, 46 and 35% of body weight; Kd-0.0186, 0.0187, 0.0185 min−1. ACTH : MCR-0.274, 0.266, and 0.332 L/minute; Vd-6.5, 6.5, 14.5 liters, representing 10.4, 10.8 and 20.4% of body weight; Kd-0.0418, 0.0409, 0.0229 min−1. The observed larger MCR of βh-LPH can account for previous observations of basal plasma ACTH/LPH ratios greater than unity, even though these peptides are present in the pituitary in equimolar concentrations.
Geochronology of granite terranes in the Ford Ranges, Marie Byrd Land, West Antarctica

Abstract Rb-Sr whole-rock isochron and and K-Ar mineral ages are presented for Ford Granodioritemineral ages are presented for Ford Granodiorite (Devonian) and Byrd Coast Granite (Jurassic-Cretaceous) in the Ford Ranges, Marie Byrd Land, West Antarctica. K-Ar mineral ages of the Ford Granodiorite are 324–375 Ma, cocentrating a 355ȁ375 Ma and those < 360 Ma are mainly in the central Denfeld Mountains. Rb-Sr whole-rock isochron ages of plutons in Denfeld and Sarnoff Mountains are 355–375 Ma (Late Devonian) for earliest adamellite granodiorites and 340–360 Ma (Early Carboniferous) for younger biotite granodiorite and muscovite granite. Devonian plutonism in West Antarctica is restricted to western Marie Byrd Land but has correlatives in northern Victoria Land (East Antarctica), Tasmania and Victoria (Australia), and South Island (New Zealand). Rb-Sr whole-rock isochron ages of Byrd Coast Granite (Mesozoic) indicate two plutonic phases: (l),leucogranites 140–150 Ma (Late Jurassic - Early Cretaceous) in the Cl...
Comprehension of prenominal adjective orders

In two experiments, phrases descrying a referent object contained two prenominal adjectives in either normal or inverted order. The time to identify the position of the referent in a display was a function of both the adjective order and the nortreferent context. If the referent appeared with a nonreferent differing from it only in size or number, the normal order of adjectives facilitated responding. However. if the referent appeared with a nonreferent differing from it only in color, the inverted order of adjectives resulted in faster identification times. These results support a pragmatic communication rule that. when the more discriminating adjectives are ordered earlier in a series, comprehension is facilitated.
The link between output and contracts under hyperinflation

In the conventional Keynesian model, nominal wage contracts (acting as a friction) transmit monetary shocks to real variables. In contrast, the new classical or real business cycle theory claims that firms and workers ignore the behavior of the actual real wage and instead generate an efficient level of employment (hence, output) based on a shadow real wage. Using Brazilian data covering a period during which the economy suffered hyperinflation and wage contracts were indexed by the government, results show that these fixed nominal wage contracts did not generate a nonneutrality of money as proposed by the Keynesian model. Instead, results support the view that contracts cannot propagate nominal shocks.
Compositional elements affecting flavor of dairy foods: formulated foods

Abstract When flavor is broadly defined to include sensory properties such as watery, rich, astringent, and creamy/smooth, a variation in the proportion of major milk components (fat, lactose, protein, and salts) may impart flavors that are perceived as different. However, because the concern in grading and quality control of milk is the identification of any off-flavors present, the relatively small, normal fluctuations in composition of commercial milk will commonly escape notice. Processing conditions and the minor milk components have a greater impact, especially on off-flavor production, including heat-induced, oxidized, and rancid flavors. In formulated foods, such as frozen desserts, in which some latitude exists in the choice of ingredients, the proportion of the major milk components can significantly affect the perceived flavor. The flavor of an ice cream containing 16% fat will be different from that of a 2% fat ice milk even though both may be free of off-flavors. The final flavor blend will be also influenced by the level and types of sweeteners, the source of milk solids, the type of stabilizer and emulsifier, the choice of flavoring agents, and processing conditions. The quality and bacterial content of raw milk has a direct influence on the flavor of any dairy product made from it. Both highly perishable products like milk and less perishable products, such as cheese and UHT-processed milk are affected. In general, the quality of raw materials is the key variable in the flavor of formulated foods.
Use of the eating attitudes test and eating disorder inventory in adolescents

The Eating Attitudes Test and the Eating Disorder Inventory were developed to measure abnormal eating attitudes and behaviors in patients with eating disorders. This report describes each of these self-report questionnaires and outlines their functions, limitations, and previous use with adolescent subjects.
Why did tocqueville fear abundance? or the tension between commerce and citizenship

On 12 January 1832, Tocqueville observed in his notes about North America that the United States was rapidly becoming the greatest maritime nation in the world, and then he added: ‘This commercial movement will for America still further delay the moment of plenitude, which is so much to be feared.” Those living in the twentieth century, a century that has comfortably consecrated itself to the pursuit of material progress, might well ask why Tocqueville feared plenitude or abundance. The answer to this question reveals as much about our own political assumptions as it does about Tocqueville’s, and it tells us that Tocqueville, so often regarded as a modern political thinker, wrote about the future of Europe and North America with one eye on the ideas of the eighteenth century and perhaps even a glance toward the political ethic of the old Roman Republic. Jefferson shared Tocqueville’s opinion when he wrote, ‘What a cruel reflection, that a rich country cannot long be a free one.‘* What is this fear, shared by Jefferson and Tocqueville, but a rejuvenated expression of the ancient conviction that luxury induces moral decline, enervating popular government? Montesquieu perhaps best expressed this idea, shared by so many in the eighteenth century from FCnelon to Robespierre, when he said, ‘the less luxury there is in a republic, the more it is perfect’.3 In sum, Tocqueville clearly worried that commerce and the pursuit of wealth might clash with the demands of democratic freedom. In analysing why Tocqueville feared abundance, we will find that Tocqueville, using what I might loosely call political categories of classical thinking, concluded that democracy was haunted by an incipient and ever-present tendency4 to drift into an orderly hedonism, a society-monstrous in Tocqueville’s eyes-tied together only by narrow self-interest. Tocqueville, however, discussed at least six characteristics of democracy that temporarily restrained this tendency to self-interest: the family, community, religion, a sense of the future, laws and mores, and the necessity of the work ethic. And yet Tocqueville thought that the pressures of self-interest would gradually undermine each of these six restraints, like a sea wall weakened by the weight of waves. To take just one example, once wealth becomes abundant, the work ethic-which offered an internalised discipline and a broader view of selfinterest-would no longer be necessary. Tocqueville feared abundance because, just as the Roman military ethic was undermined by the wealth and pleasures of Empire, so might democracy’s disciplined ethic appropriate to commercial
Pruritic Skin Disease in the Cat ‐ Part 2 Aetiology and management

In this second paper looking at pruritic skin disease in the cat, the aetiology and management of pruritus is discussed. Successful control is based upon diagnosis. The most frequently encountered aetiologies are considered including ectoparasites, bacterial, fungal and viral infections, allergic and immune-mediated dermatoses, neurological conditions, behavioural abnormalities and neoplasia. Management of pruritus is discussed looking at flea control, physical prevention of self trauma and the anti-inflammatory agents most frequently used in the treatment of pruritus in the cat.
Percutaneous coil embolization in the management of peripheral mycotic aneurysms

Traditional surgical treatment of a peripheral mycotic aneurysm has included emergency ligation and bypass. Occlusion of vessels just proximal and distal to a mycotic aneurysm can be safely accomplished via percutaneous embolization with coils. Surgery can be performed electively in a noninfected field. Coils can be placed near the site of vessel disruption minimizing loss of collateral flow.