cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An academic honor code developed and implemented by students

Abstract Objective To outline a student-led academic honor code initiative and the impact student leadership and involvement had in the overall development, implementation, and acceptance of the St. Louis College of Pharmacy Academic Honor Code and Integrity Policy (AHCIP). Methods The AHCIP was developed between January 2010 and April 2011. A survey was conducted in the spring of 2010 to assess student and faculty views on academic dishonesty. Key stakeholders were then provided additional opportunities for feedback through focus groups and regularly scheduled meetings. Multiple versions of the AHCIP were drafted, and the policy was approved by students, faculty, and the administration in April 2011. Implementation followed in August 2011. Results As a result of a highly transparent and collaborative process, a successful and sustained implementation of a student-developed AHCIP occurred at St. Louis College of Pharmacy. Data on AHCIP reports are recorded each semester for continued evaluation. At the end of the first semester (Fall 2011), 23 potential violations were reported and evaluated by a judicial panel; 14 were found to be violations, while nine were considered not to be violations. At the end of the following semester (Spring 2012), four reports were received and reviewed by the judicial panel, and three were considered to be violations of the AHCIP. Conclusion A student-led initiative with emphasis on transparency and engagement from key stakeholders can lead to successful implementation and college-wide acceptance of an academic honor code at a professional school.
CLINICAL TECHNIQUE: Negative Pressure Wound Therapy-General Principles and Use in Avian Species

Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) is an adjunctive wound management modality that has been shown to augment the treatment of acute and chronic dermal and subdermal wounds in human and veterinary medicine. The proposed effects of NPWT are multifactorial and include improvement of wound perfusion, reduction of interstitial edema and substances inhibitory to wound healing, enhancement of granulation tissue formation, and reduction in bacterial contamination from a wound bed. Together, the proposed benefits of NWPT can lead to enhanced efficiency of wound healing when this treatment modality is applied to a wound. In this article, the authors provide an overview of the mechanism of action of NPWT. Case selection, system application and management, as well as contraindications to NPWT therapy are presented. Potential uses, practical application, and limitations of use of NPWT in avian species are discussed.
Ultra High Performance Concrete Bridge Decks Reinforced with High-Strength Steel or Fiber Reinforced Polymers

Among the states, Florida has the largest stock of moveable bridges, most of which with open grid steel decks. These decks are often associated with poor rideability, high noise levels, susceptibility to fatigue damage, and high maintenance costs. To address these issues, two alternative lightweight shallow deck systems are proposed. One with a thin flange, narrow ribs across the deck span, and short transverse ribs, made with ultra high performance concrete (UHPC) and high-strength MMFX steel (HSS). Another one is a hollow core deck made with UHPC and fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) tubes. A large number of experiments, both static and fatigue, were conducted on simple and continuous two-span models of the UHPC-HSS deck system with single and multiple ribs in the cross section. Limited tests were carried out on the UHPC-FRP deck system. The UHPC-HSS deck system was shown to satisfy the strength serviceability requirements, whereas the UHPC-FRP deck system required additional stiffness. In addition, a series of pullout and beam tests were conducted to determine the bond and development for high-strength MMFX steel in UHPC. A detailed comparison between experimental results and the code recommendations showed that ACI 408R-03 compares more favorably than the ACI 318-08 for the development lengths of MMFX in UHPC.
Secure wireless gateway

Wireless LANs (WLAN), using the IEEE 802.11b standard, have been shown to be inherently insecure. Given the widespread use of this type of WLAN for public and corporate access, it is important to have an "idiot proof" method for securing WLAN from hacking, sniffing, and unauthorized access.In this paper, we present a simple solution using IPSEC that provides an inexpensive, easy to implement, wireless gateway, and an access point that is secure. The client configuration involves no additional software, and the simple steps needed to configure a client are provided using a captive portal. Thus, the gateway is designed to minimize the intrusion to the end user, will only be slightly different from using a standard wireless network, and will require no additional software or hardware.
A Multidimensional Meta-Analysis of Psychotherapy for Bulimia Nervosa

We report a multidimensional meta-analysis of psychotherapy trials for bulimia nervosa published between 1980 and 2000, including multiple variables in addition to effect size such as inclusion and exclusion, recovery, and sustained recovery rates. The data point to four conclusions. First, psychotherapy leads to large improvements from baseline. Approximately 40% of patients who complete treatment recover completely, although 60% maintain clinically significant posttreatment symptoms. Second, individual therapy shows substantially better effects than group therapy for the therapies tested. Third, additional approaches or treatment parameters (e.g., number of sessions) need to be tested for the substantial number of patients who enter treatment and do not recover. Finally, the utility of meta-analyses can be augmented by including a wider range of outcome metrics, such as recovery rates and posttreatment symptom levels.
Implementation of emergency department transfer communication measures in Minnesota critical access hospitals.

Purpose Previously published findings based on field tests indicated that emergency department patient transfer communication measures are feasible and worthwhile to implement in rural hospitals.[1] This study aims to expand those findings by focusing on the wide-scale implementation of these measures in the 79 Critical Access Hospitals (CAHs) in Minnesota from 2011 to 2013. Methods Information was obtained from interviews with key informants involved in implementing the emergency department patient transfer communication measures in Minnesota as part of required statewide quality reporting. The first set of interviews targeted state-level organizations regarding their experiences working with providers. A second set of interviews targeted quality and administrative staff from CAHs regarding their experiences implementing measures. Findings Implementing the measures in Minnesota CAHs proved to be successful in a number of respects, but informants also faced new challenges. Our recommendations, addressed to those seeking to successfully implement these measures in other states, take these challenges into account. Conclusions Field-testing new quality measure implementations with volunteers may not be indicative of a full-scale implementation that requires facilities to participate. The implementation team's composition, communication efforts, prior relationships with facilities and providers, and experience with data collection and abstraction tools are critical factors in successfully implementing required reporting of quality measures on a wide scale.
Simulation of simple delta-sigma modulator for driving class C RF amplifiers

Delta-sigma modulators offer the potential for high linearity in a wide variety of radio frequency applications. In addition, the binary pulse output of the modulator motivates application as a driver for class C and class D amplifiers. Although class D amplifiers offer potential for higher power efficiency, class C amplifiers offer nearly the same performance with potential for less complexity. In addition, most radio signals of interest in these amplifier applications are bandpass. Therefore, the design and simulation of bandpass delta-sigma modulators are considered for application in driving class C amplifiers.
New Natural Products in Cancer Chemotherapy

Four new and clinically relevant antineoplastic natural products are reviewed. Taxol is derived from the bark of the western yew. It promotes the formation of microtubule bundles which deform the cytoskeleton and interfere with mitosis. Although phase II efficacy testing is incomplete, taxol is effective in the treatment of patients with ovarian carcinoma and has some activity in patients with non-small cell lung cancer and melanoma. It remains untested against several other neoplasms. The chief toxicities of taxol are myelosuppression, mucositis, anaphylactoid reactions, and peripheral neuropathy. Homoharringtonine is the most active and abundant of the cephalotaxine esters derived from the genus Cephalotaxus. This agent appears to act at the ribosome to inhibit protein synthesis and has clinical activity in patients with acute myelogenous leukemia. The dose limiting toxicities of homoharringtonine are hypotension and myelosuppression. SKF 104864 and CPT-11 are derivatives of camptothecin which are still in early clinical trials. They are cytotoxic in vitro, acting through an interaction with topoisomerase I to induce DNA fragmentation. The spectra of activity and toxicity of SKF 104864 and CPT-11 are still undefined. All four of these new natural products offer possibilities for clinical activity for patients with a variety of malignancies.
Collapse and Rebound of a Gas Bubble

In this paper, we study the collapse and rebound of a gas bubble. Our goals are twofold: (1) we want to stress that different mathematical models may lead to extremely different results and (2) we introduce a new class of simplified reliable models. We accomplish our first goal by showing that the results obtained from two of the simplest and most widely used models (the isothermal and adiabatic approximations) are very different while the bubble is highly compressed. This period of time is short but it is of crucial importance in most phenomena where bubble collapses are relevant. To accomplish our second goal, we identify a nondimensional parameter that is a quantification of the strength of the bubble collapse and we show how to use this large parameter to obtain new simplified models through the use of standard asymptotic techniques. Illustrative examples and discussions on the wide range of applicability of the approach introduced in this work are given.
Crohn's disease: Concordance for site and clinical type in affected family members - Potential hereditary influences

Abstract BACKGROUND & AIMS: The association of genetic influences between bowel location and clinical type of Crohn's disease may provide more information on the genetic heterogeneity of inflammatory bowel disease. The aim of this study was to analyze familial occurrences of Crohn's disease for concordance for site and type. METHODS: Of 554 consecutive patients, 95 (17%) had a family history of Crohn's disease. Sixty families were analyzed for concordance for site and clinical type and by a series of conditional logistic regression models to test the significance of concordance within families. RESULTS: Eighty-six percent of families were concordant in at least 2 members for the site of Crohn's disease, and 82% were concordant for clinical type. Pairing family members together, concordance greater than expected in an unrelated population was observed. Using a conditional logistic regression model, a statistically significant role for concordance in predicting site and type of Crohn's disease in other affected family members was found. CONCLUSIONS: Greater-than-expected concordance for site and clinical type of Crohn's disease within individual families is compatible with a concept of multiple, distinct forms of Crohn's disease, which, although possibly influenced by environment, seem more likely to be separate inheritable forms or phenotypes. (Gastroenterology 1996 Sep;111(3):573-9)
Contraindications, Precautions, Overdoses, and Adverse Reactions: What Software Engineering Can Learn from Pharmaceuticals

During the past 20 years, great methodological strides have been made by software engineering researchers. Prior to the 1980 's, most software engineering "research " was limited to "I invented something new, and I think others should use it." Now, more and more, researchers are actually collecting empirical results via quantitative and qualitative research, with some even using the scientific method with controlled experiments. However, software engineering research has a long way to go. Mostly, such research has resulted in indications of positive effects caused by new or existing tools, methods, techniques, languages, models, etc. But little or no such research reports on the contraindications, precautions, effects of overdose, or adverse reactions of tools, methods, techniques, languages, models, and so on. This paper describes why gathering such results are essential for any discipline that desires to push technology into practice.
Frequency and diffusion maps for the SNS ring

Using a single particle dynamics approach, the major magnetic non-linearities of the SNS accumulator ring are studied. Frequency maps are employed in order to display the global dynamics of the beam, for several working points. By means of diffusion maps the major resonances are explored and their bandwidth is estimated. The global tune diffusion coefficient is finally used to compare and choose the best working point.
A new model for computerized clinical electron beam dosimetry

Clinical electron beams consist of primary electrons, primary bremsstrahlung generated in the regular photon and electron collimator system determining the composite beam, and some short‐range contaminantphoton and electron scatter arising from the lower parts of the standard or regular electron applicator. Any beam‐shaping insert placed inside the applicator causes some extra (‘‘contaminant’’) bremsstrahlung and electron scatter. The new dose calculation model is based on separate treatment of these components. For the calculation of the primary electron dose we use experimentally determined electron scatter functions and differential electron scatter functions. The primary bremsstrahlung is treated as an unflattened but otherwise regular x‐ray beam. The contaminant components arising from the rim area of the regular electron collimator and from beam‐shaping inserts are considered separately. The behavior of the in‐air ionization profiles is described using the concepts of effective electron source position and effective electron source diameter. The model has been tested for several electron energies.
Raman Spectroscopy of High Pressure Phases of Solids

This report concerns one role of Raman spectroscopy for observing the behavior of solids under high pressures—that is, Raman spectroscopy is an experimental technique for characterizing in situ phases of solids that occur only at high pressures. This task has several aspects, three of which receive part cular attention in the work described here. These are: a. the detection of phase transformations in solids under pressure including determination of phase boundaries and other characteristics of the transition; b. assignment of the Raman spectrum in terms of plausible structures and other properties of the high-pressure phases; and c. interpretation of pressure dependences of vibrational spectra in terms of interatomic interaction; that may explain the occurrence of known transitions, with the goal of generalizing the analysis to describe properties of related materials under conditions that may not be accessible for experimentation.
The Patient’s Physical and Behavioral Self

Nurses are often called upon to take care of patients whose diagnoses have not yet been established and whose capacities for experience, or lack of it, cannot be ascertained at first sight. These are frequently newly admitted patients, some of whom may come under the nurse’s care even before they have been seen by a physician and thus there are no doctor’s orders to guide her approach. Sometimes they are patients who have developed another condition or complications during the course of their original illnesses.
The contribution of vocabulary knowledge and spelling to the reading comprehension of adolescents who are and are not English language learners

This study examined the contributions of vocabulary and spelling to the reading comprehension of students in grades 6-10 who were and were not classified as English language learners. Results indicate that vocabulary accounted for greater between-grade differences and unique variance (ΔR2 = .11 to .31) in comprehension as compared to spelling (ΔR2 = .01 to .09). However, the contribution of spelling to comprehension was higher in the upper grade levels included in this cross-sectional analysis and functioned as a mediator of the impact of vocabulary knowledge at all levels. The direct effect of vocabulary was strong but lower in magnitude at each successive grade level from .58 in grade 6 to .41 in grade 10 while the indirect effect through spelling increased in magnitude at each successive grade level from .09 in grade 6 to .16 in grade 10. There were no significant differences between the language groups in the magnitude of the indirect impact, suggesting both groups of students relied more on both sources of lexical information in higher grades as compared to students in lower grades.
Parent-Reported Health Consequences and Relationship to Expenditures in Children with ADHD.

Objectives (1) To describe parents’ report of special needs for children with ADHD on the Children with Special Health Care Needs (CSHCN) Screener; and (2) to assess the association between responses to Screener items and annual mental health and total health expenditures per child. Methods In pooled 2002–2011 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) data, we identify children ages 4–17 years with ADHD. We use OLS and two-part regressions to model the relationship between CSHCN Screener items and mental health and total health expenditures. Based on these models we estimate adjusted, average total health expenditures for children with ADHD—both with and without a co-morbid mental health condition—and different combinations of endorsed Screener items. This research was conducted in accordance with prevailing ethical principles. Results There were 3883 observations on 2591 children with ADHD. Without a co-morbid mental health condition, average total expenditures per year from adjusted, model-based estimates were $865 for those meeting no Screener items, $2664 for those meeting only the medication item, $3595 for those meeting the medication and counseling items, and $4203 for those meeting the medication, counseling, and use of more health services items. Children with a co-morbid mental health condition had greater total health expenditures for each combination of Screener items. The associations between Screener items and mental health expenditures were similar, but with a slightly lower marginal effect of the medication item (p < 0.001 for all comparisons). Conclusions Parents’ responses on the CSHCN Screener are associated with meaningful variation in expenditures for children with ADHD. Though cross-sectional, this study suggests that the CSHCN Screener can be a useful categorization scheme for children with ADHD. It may be an efficient, standardized tool at the point of care for identifying children who need more resources and for targeting intensive interventions in the context of population health management.
Equal Protection at the Crossroads: On Baker, Common Benefits, and Facial Neutrality

In Baker v. State, the Vermont Supreme Court held that the state's failure to accord same-sex couples the possibility of acquiring the benefits and protections afforded married couples violated the Common Benefits Clause of the Vermont Constitution. The Article suggests that the court misunderstood the conditions which trigger heightened scrutiny, since the court recognized that the marital statutes employ an express sex-based classification but nonetheless refused to apply the correct test. While employing heightened scrutiny would have yielded the same result - the court found a constitutional violation when applying a kind of rational basis with bite scrutiny - the court's misunderstanding is important to correct so that other courts will not be misled about what level of scrutiny to impose when deciding cases involving explicit classifications on the basis of sex or gender.
Consumer Segments and Perceptions of Retail Ethics

Using Levy and Dubinsky’s (1983) scale as the framework, telephone respondents provided information concerning the relative severity and frequency of occurrence of ethical issues in the general retail environment. Results suggest two factors may be derived from the original set of items, Fairness and Honesty. Analysis identifies a younger-aged cluster who perceive higher frequency of unethical situations, and a cluster of lesser-educated individuals who place a higher level of severity on fairness. Implications reflect the need for managers and researchers to refine the set of ethical issues used for segment identification and to identify those critical issues that differentiate consumer responses and purchasing behaviors.
The Law of Targeting

The law of targeting rests at the heart of modern warfare, as well as contemporary controversies over such matters as drones and autonomous weapons . While the weaponry and tactics of targeting continue to evolve with unprecedented advances in technology and innovation, the fundamental principles of targeting law will remain binding rules for the foreseeable future. This chapter examines the law governing who or what is a lawful target, which weapons are permissible, what precautions must be taken prior to an attack, how operations are limited by potential collateral damage and where targeting may take place. A firm understanding of these norms will enable military forces to carry out their missions effectively while minimizing harm to civilians, civilian property and other protected persons and objects.
Abstract 714: A potential epigenetic regulation of PDGFRβ overexpression in melanomas acquiring resistance to PLX4032

Activating B-RAF V600E kinase mutations occur in ∼7% of human malignancies and ∼60% of melanomas. Clinical experience with a novel B-RAF inhibitor, PLX4032, demonstrated an unprecedented 80% anti-tumor response rate among patients with V600EB-RAF-positive melanomas, but acquired drug resistance frequently develops after initial responses. In previous work, we showed that PLX4032 acquired resistance does not occur by V600EB-RAF secondary mutations. Instead, resistant melanomas develop mutually exclusive upregulation of PDGFRβ (activating MAPK-alternative survival) or N-RAS (reactivating MAPK). PDGFRβ over-expression at the RNA and protein levels does not result from genomic DNA copy number gain or correlate with mutational activation, suggesting a non-genetic cause. In contrast to N-RAS-upregulated, PLX4032-resistant cells, PDGFRβ-upregulated, PLX4032-resistant melanoma (PPRM) cell lines display a global switch in cellular morphology and gene expression patterns when compared to their drug-sensitive, parental counterparts. Specifically, this switch involves a loss of melanocytic differentiation and a gain of epithelial-to-mesenchymal gene expression. We show that PLX4032 and the HDAC inhibitor LBH589 (panobinostat) rapidly and reversibly control the levels of PDGFRβ RNA and protein. We thus used PPRM cell lines and short-term cell culture to dissect a potential epigenetic mechanism of PDGFRβ over-expression. In ChIP assays, PPRM cell lines and culture, when treated with LBH589, displayed significant deacetylation of histone H3K9, H3K18 and H4K16 in conserved acetylation peaks in the PDGFRβ gene body. Continued progress in characterizing this potential epigenetic pathway of PLX4032 acquired resistance may reveal novel therapeutic opportunities. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 714. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-714
An Adaptive Shock-Capturing HDG Method for Compressible Flows

We introduce a hybridizable discontinuous Galerkin (HDG) method for the numerical solution of the compressible Euler equations with shock waves. By locally condensing the approximate conserved variables the HDG method results in a nal system involving only the degrees of freedom of the approximate traces of the conserved variables. The HDG method inherits the geometric exibility and high-order accuracy of discontinuous Galerkin methods, and oers a signicant reduction in the computational cost. In order to treat compressible uid ows with discontinuities, the HDG method is equipped with an articial viscosity term based on an extension of existing articial viscosity methods. Moreover, the articial viscosity can be used as an indicator for adaptive grid renement to improve shock proles. Numerical results for subsonic, transonic, supersonic, and hypersonic ows are presented to demonstrate the performance of the proposed approach.
Intravitreal Steroid Therapy in the Management of Diabetic Macular Edema

Diabetic macular edema (DME) accounts for most of the visual impairment related to diabetes mellitus. This review looks at the history and current state of corticosteroid treatment for DME, specifically intravitreal corticosteroids. It reviews the current ophthalmic literature, addresses the relative efficacy of corticosteroids compared to anti-VEGF medications and focal-grid laser for DME treatment, and discusses recently FDA-approved intravitreal extended-release corticosteroids.
Urolithiasis and Renal Pathology After Oral Administration of 2(sulfanilylamino)pyridine (Sulfapyridine)

In the course of an investigation of the pharmacology and toxicology of 2(sulfanilylamino)pyridine, which will be reported elsewhere,∗ we have observed the formation of uroliths in the urinary tract of rats, rabbits, and monkeys fed with this drug, which were found to consist of its acetyl derivative having the formula CH3CONHC6H4SO2NHC5H4N. The appearance of sulfanilamide crystals in the urine of patients has been previously reported by Stewart, Rourke and Allen.1†While concretions have been observed after the administration of a single large dose, the results were more striking after repeated feeding on successive days. The occurrence of urolith formation following the repeated daily administration of 2(sulfanilylamino)pyridine varied greatly in the different species and to some extent even in the same species. Thus uroliths were observed after feeding daily doses of 0.25 g per kilo to monkeys, 10 to 15 g per kilo to rabbits and 5 g per kilo to rats for 10 consecutive days, whereas the phenomenon was no...
Microbiological and sensory tests of beef treated with acetic and formic acids

One-centimeter cubes of the semimembranosus and adductor muscles of beef were inoculated with 5.2 × 106 of Salmonella typhimurium, Shigella sonnei, Yersinia enterocolitica, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Streptococcus faecalis. Exposure of the meat by dipping in 1.2% acetic acid for 10 s reduced averge numbers recoverable of these bacteria by 65%. E. coli was the most resistant, losing 46% of its viable cells. One-half of the acetic acid was replaced with 0.046% formic acid without loss in effectiveness. The rate of increase in antimicrobial effects of the treatment declined with time. Discoloration of the meat occurred after dipping in both 1.2% acetic acid, and 0.6% acetic plus 0.046% formic acids for 10 s. In triangle tests of flavor, panelists failed to differentiate samples of baked ground beef treated (before grinding) with 0.6% acetic acid and 0.046% formic acid from controls dipped in water (P<0.05). However, the same type of test showed a significant flavor difference between meat di...
Treatment of venoocclusive disease after liver transplantation.

Venoocclusive disease (VOD) is due to hepatic sinusoidal lining injury leading to portal hypertension; its incidence after liver transplantation is about 2%. When severe, it does not respond to medical therapy and has a high mortality; retransplantation is the only therapeutic option. However, there are no detailed data regarding the use of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt for VOD after liver transplantation. We describe two patients who developed severe VOD after liver transplantation, failed deflbrotide therapy, and were treated by transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS). The portal hypertension resolved completely and one had full histological recovery. We believe that TIPS should be attempted as it may resolve progressive portal hypertension and the hepatic congestion, while allowing the clinician time for listing for further liver transplantation if the patient fails to respond.
Methods for Measuring the Orientation and Rotation Rate of 3D-printed Particles in Turbulence

Experimental methods are presented for measuring the rotational and translational motion of anisotropic particles in turbulent fluid flows. 3D printing technology is used to fabricate particles with slender arms connected at a common center. Shapes explored are crosses (two perpendicular rods), jacks (three perpendicular rods), triads (three rods in triangular planar symmetry), and tetrads (four arms in tetrahedral symmetry). Methods for producing on the order of 10,000 fluorescently dyed particles are described. Time-resolved measurements of their orientation and solid-body rotation rate are obtained from four synchronized videos of their motion in a turbulent flow between oscillating grids with Rλ = 91. In this relatively low-Reynolds number flow, the advected particles are small enough that they approximate ellipsoidal tracer particles. We present results of time-resolved 3D trajectories of position and orientation of the particles as well as measurements of their rotation rates.
Cystic Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

Cystic change is commonly seen in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Macrophages can be seen in variable numbers with or without hemosiderin-laden pigments. Some cytologic features have been found to be useful in the differential diagnosis between cystic papillary thyroid carcinoma and cystic degeneration in a benign goiter. Atypical histiocytoid cells have been described in smears of cystic papillary thyroid carcinoma. These atypical histiocytoid cells have abundant vacuolated cytoplasm, nuclear pleomorphism, and nucleoli. They are larger and more atypical than benign histiocytes. The combination of macrophages, hemosiderin, cellular debris, and old blood in the background may obscure distinction between cystic papillary thyroid carcinoma and cystic goiters. Ancillary immunohistochemical markers and mutational analysis may be useful in challenging specimens.
Assessment of a simplified spin and gradient echo (sSAGE) approach for human brain tumor perfusion imaging.

Abstract The goal of this study was to validate a simplified spin- and gradient-echo (sSAGE) approach to obtain T1-corrected dynamic susceptibility contrast magnetic resonance imaging (DSC-MRI) data in a clinical brain tumor population. A five-echo SAGE sequence was used to acquire DSC-MRI data (n = 8 patients, 3 primary glioma, and 5 brain metastases). The ΔR2⁎ and ΔR2 time series obtained from a nonlinear fit of all echoes (SAGE) were compared to ΔR2⁎ and ΔR2 time series obtained analytically (sSAGE) using three echoes (two GEs and one SE). Through the use of multiple echoes, both methods removed T1 leakage effects from the ΔR2⁎ and ΔR2 time series, and the sSAGE ΔR2⁎ and ΔR2 time series were highly correlated with those from SAGE, with average correlations of 0.9. The resulting hemodynamic parameters included GE and SE cerebral blood volume (CBV), cerebral blood flow (CBF), mean vessel diameter (mVD), volume transfer constant (Ktrans), and volume fraction of the extravascular extracellular space (ve). For each metric, there was good correlation (>0.86) between sSAGE and SAGE, with no significant differences. The sSAGE method provides T1-corrected GE and SE DSC-MRI parameters in an efficient and clinically feasible manner.
127 – Unique Features of Aneurysms by Location

This chapter discusses the most common sites where aneurysms are found in clinical and autopsy series. The specific sites for aneurysms in clinical series in order of decreasing frequency are anterior communicating (30% of aneurysms), posterior communicating (25%), middle cerebral bifurcation (13%), proximal middle cerebral (4%), carotid bifurcation (4%), anterior choroidal (4%), distal anterior cerebral (3%), basilar bifurcation (2%), and other sites (less than 1% each). There is a slight preponderance of middle cerebral artery aneurysms at autopsy in contrast to the number of anterior and posterior communicating artery aneurysms in clinical series. About 56% of patients presenting with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) are female. Internal carotid artery aneurysms show a greater female preponderance and anterior cerebral artery aneurysms are more common in males. A notable association of aneurysm location and age is that the most common location of aneurysm in patients under 18 years old is the carotid bifurcation. The location of the ruptured aneurysm in patients with SAH is often unclear from the clinical features because over one-third of patients with ruptured aneurysms present with nonlocalizing neurological symptoms and signs such as altered consciousness which is not useful in determining the site of aneurysm rupture.
Genetic, tissue, and plasma biomarkers of outcomes from a prospective study of neoadjuvant short course proton-based chemoradiation for resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).

4047 Background: The prognosis of resectable PDAC reflects a complex interaction between genotype, growth factor levels, and tumor microenvironment. We performed genetic, plasma, and tissue-based biomarker analysis for a phase I/II study of neoadjuvant short course proton-based chemoradiation. Methods: Patients with radiographically resectable PDAC were treated on an IRB approved, phase I/II trial of neoadjuvant short course-proton-based chemoradiation. Genotyping included KRAS, BRAF, NRAS, TP53, and PIK3CA. Tissue-based IHC on resection specimens included DPC4, CXCR4, CXCR7, and SDF1a in the central and peripheral regions of PDAC. The trial was amended to evaluate plasma biomarkers, drawn before and after chemoradiation, including HGF, VEGF, sVEGFR2, SDF1α, bFGF, PlGF, TNF-α, CAIX, sFLT1, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-1β. Correlation with OS was evaluated by the Wald test in a univariable Cox regression using log-transformed covariates. Results: Surgical specimens from all 38 patients who underwent resection and se...
Dual-modality smartphone endoscope for cervical pre-cancer detection (Conference Presentation)

Early detection is the key to the prevention of cervical cancer. There is an urgent need for a portable, affordable, and easy-to-use device for cervical pre-cancer detection, especially in low-resource settings. We have developed a dual-modality fiber-optic endoscope system (SmartME) that integrates high-resolution fluorescence imaging (FLI) and quantitative diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) onto a smartphone platform. The SmartME consists of a smartphone, a miniature fiber-optic endoscope, a phone attachment containing imaging optics, and a smartphone application (app). FLI is obtained by painting the tissue with a contrast agent (e.g., proflavine), illuminating the tissue and collecting its fluorescence images through an imaging bundle that is coupled to the phone camera. DRS is achieved by using a white LED, attaching additional source and detection fibers to the imaging bundle, and converting the phone camera into a spectrometer. The app collects images/spectra and transmits them to a remote server for analysis to extract the tissue parameters, including nuclear-to-cytoplasm ratio (calculated from FLI), concentrations of oxyhemoglobin (HbO2) and deoxyhemoglobin (Hb) as well as scattering (measured by DRS). These parameters can be used to detect cervical dysplasia. Our preliminary studies have demonstrated that the SmartME can clearly visualize the nuclei in living cells and in vivo biological samples, with a high spatial resolution of ~3.1μm. The device can also measure tissue absorption and scattering properties with comparable accuracy to those of a benchtop DRS system. The SmartME has great potential to provide a compact, affordable, and ‘smart’ solution for early detection of neoplastic changes in cervix.
Thermal and X-Ray Production of Point Defects in Vitreous SiO2

In this review, I will outline our recent work on the thermal and x-ray production of spin active point defects in vitreous (v-) SiO2. Experimental details and more extensive comments on the nature of the defects and the relevant work of others will be found in Refs. 1–15.
The Dental Health Aide Therapist Program in Alaska: An Example for the 21st Century.

The author discusses the Yukon Kuskokwim Health Corporation's implementation of the Dental Health Aide Therapist (DHAT) program, established by the nonprofit Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium (ANTHC), in an effort to repeat and retain dentists while improving oral health within Alaska.
Streamlining Permitting Processes for Small Cells in the Right of Way

Increasing demand for wireless capacity and throughput is necessitating more widespread and variegated deployment of wireless infrastructure. Along with traditional cell towers, small cells, Distributed Antenna Systems (DAS), outdoor Wi-Fi, and Internet of Things nodes, increase capacity, but also require close and continuous proximity. As wireless communications is increasingly becoming treated as a necessary public utility, the industry is challenging municipalities and other government entities to streamline their processes for siting and modification of these facilities in the Right of Way. While permitting entities request well-integrated, context-appropriate, and secure facilities, wireless representatives respond that onerous requirements create a significant barrier in deployment. This paper describes existing issues within this conflict between local governments and the wireless industry based on comments submitted to the Federal Communications Commission proceeding titled “Streamlining Deployment of Small Cell Infrastructure by Improving Wireless Siting Policies” (docket 16-421). The goal of this paper is to present a fair and unbiased assessment of the issue from both sides, impart the complexity and emotional nuances of the situations in which contention or misunderstandings can arise, and describe preliminary administrative improvements. Eventually, this paper will be expanded to create materials to facilitate resolution of these issues and expedite permitting processes in a practical and concrete manner, including the analysis of various legal, administrative, architectural, and economic options. These recommendations and best practices will improve communication and negotiation procedures between municipalities and the wireless industry and result in cost-savings and diminished delays.
Adenovirus-mediated gene therapy of tumors in the central nervous system

Publisher Summary Wild-type adenoviruses (ADV) do not have neurotoxic effects and are therefore good vectors for gene therapy in the nervous system. Adenoviral vectors have been used in a variety of in vitro and in vivo studies and clinical applications of gene therapy. The high transduction efficiency characteristic of adenovirus vectors suggests that they may have efficacy superior to the retrovirus-based vectors. The efficacy of ADV/rous sarcoma virus (RSV)-tk in rendering tumor cells susceptible to ganciclovir (GCV) toxicity in four rodent models of central nervous system (CNS) tumor using three tumor cell lines is tested. In each model, cultured tumor cells are injected into the CNS using stereotactic methods. The effects of the gene therapy are determined by measuring the size of the tumor at 16–20 days after tumor cell implantation, or by noting the length of time that the treated animals survived compared to controls. The results of each experiment demonstrate that treatment with ADV/RSV-tk and GCV has a powerful tumoricidal effect. The efficacy of adenoviral herpes simplex virus -tk transduction followed by GCV administration demonstrated in several rodent models of CNS tumors suggests that this treatment may be effective for human CNS tumors as well.
Levels with Automatic Instruments

As a method of obtaining an increase in accuracy for vertical control, the U.S. Lake Survey has adopted the use of the Zeiss Ni 2 self-leveling level equipped with plane-parallel plate micrometer for high precision leveling. The theory of the plane-parallel plate micrometer is described as well as equipment used, personnel requirements, data collection methods and allowable closures. Personnel adapted to the new methods rapidly and results and accuracy obtained are very favorable.
Popular culture, adult learning, and identity development

This chapter explores the impact of and the potential for adult learning through engagement with popular culture. Considering that we live in a ‘convergence culture’ (Jenkins in Convergence culture: Where old and new media collide. New York University Press, New York, 2006), where popular cultural products weave across multiple platforms (television, movies, books, websites, social media, etc.) and become major factors in adult lives, it is imperative that the field of adult and lifelong education recognise and understand the learning that happens in these everyday spaces of learning. After an overview of how popular culture operates as an arena of education and a site for adult learning, I review the most recent empirical and theoretical literature within adult education which has focused on adult learning and popular culture and add selected studies from other disciplines that may be significant to the field. I conclude with a discussion of the current and future research trends, focusing on the intersection of popular culture, adult learning/learners, and adult education.
Planet formation in discs with inclined binary companions: can primordial spin-orbit misalignment be produced?

Many hot Jupiter (HJ) systems have been observed to have their stellar spin axis misaligned with the planet's orbital angular momentum axis. The origin of this spin-orbit misalignment and the formation mechanism of HJs remain poorly understood. A number of recent works have suggested that gravitational interactions between host stars, protoplanetary disks, and inclined binary companions may tilt the stellar spin axis with respect to the disk's angular angular momentum axis, producing planetary systems with misaligned orbits. These previous works considered idealized disk evolution models and neglected the gravitational influence of newly formed planets. In this paper, we explore how disk photoevaporation and planet formation and migration affect the inclination evolution of planet-star-disk-binary systems. We take into account planet-disk interactions and the gravitational spin-orbit coupling between the host star and the planet. We find that the rapid depletion of the inner disk via photoevaporation reduces the excitation of stellar obliquities. Depending on the formation and migration history of HJs, the spin-orbit coupling between the star and the planet may reduces and even completely suppress the excitation of stellar obliquities. Our work constrains the formation/migration history of HJs. On the other hand, planetary systems with "cold" Jupiters or close-in super-earths may experience excitation of stellar obliquities in the presence of distant inclined companions.
Obenrum frei machen

Wenn ein Anfang geschafft ist, geht es darum, sich mit der „neuen eigenen Welt“ zu beschaftigen. Es gilt eine neue Sichtweise zu entwickeln, die alle negativen Einflusse erkennt und mit ihnen umzugehen lernt. Es gilt auch neue – eigene! – Werte zu entwickeln, um eine klarere Sicht auf Wichtiges und Unwichtiges zu bekommen. Aber naturlich ist nicht alles plotzlich gut, nicht alles auf einmal viel einfacher: Es geht darum, nicht mehr einfachen Erklarungen und Losungen zu folgen, sondern einen offenen, freien und differenzierten Blick zu entwickeln.
Biochemical Mechanisms of Altered Metabolism in Ischemic Heart

Oxygen deficiency in heart muscle is most commonly induced by reduction in coronary flow, referred to as ischemia. As contrasted to hypoxia or anoxia in which flow of blood with low or zero oxygen tension is maintained, ischemia leads to accumulation of metabolic products that further modify rates of biochemical reactions. After periods of severe ischemia ranging from 30 minutes to 1 hour or more, irreversible damage occurs. Damage of this severity is characterized by disruption of the plasma membrane that is preceded by swelling of both the cell and mitochondria. Concurrently, the myofibrils and intercellular junctions are disrupted, and there is margination of nuclear chromatin. Reperfusion of an irreversibly-injured cell leads to accumulation of Ca++ within the mitochondria and failure to recover contractile activity.
Quantifying transient creep effects on fire response of reinforced concrete columns

Abstract This paper quantifies effect of transient creep on response of reinforced concrete (RC) columns under severe fire exposure scenarios. A three-dimensional finite element model is built in ABAQUS to trace the influence of transient creep on RC columns under simultaneous loading and fire exposure. Temperature induced transient creep strains in concrete and reinforcing steel are explicitly accounted for in fire resistance analysis, together with property degradation in constituent materials, and associated material and geometrical nonlinearities. The model is applied to assess influence of transient creep on fire response of RC columns under different conditions, including different fire exposures, load levels, and number of exposed sides. Results from the numerical studies clearly indicate that severe fire exposure induces higher capacity degradation in RC columns in much shorter duration than exposure to a standard building fire. Moreover, asymmetric thermal gradients resulting from two or three side fire exposure on a column can increase transient creep effects and, thus, affect fire resistance. Overall, results from the analysis infer that neglecting transient creep can lead to lower estimation of axial displacements and, thus, overestimation of fire resistance in RC columns, particularly when subjected to severe fire scenarios and with higher thermal gradients.
Trafficking Healthcare Resources and Intra-disciplinary Victim Services and Education (THRIVE) Clinic: A Multidisciplinary One-stop Shop Model of Healthcare for Survivors of Human Trafficking

Introduction: The THRIVE Clinic provides medical/psychiatric care for human trafficking survivors in Miami. Designed to address the comprehensive healthcare needs of this unique population, the cli...
Medication Management in Older Adults: How to Avoid Opioid Abuse

Medication management for pain continues to be a challenge in the midst of the opioid epidemic. Older patients have more pain problems, and yet, they are more prone to medication interactions and side effects with opioids, so clinicians must sharpen their skills at managing pain in the elderly with non-pharmacological and non-opioid treatments whenever possible. However, opioids are indispensable for treating acute pain, cancer pain, and pain at the end of life and palliative care conditions, so clinicians must maintain their skills prescribing opioids as well. This chapter provides up-to-date evidence-based information to help clinicians make decisions for managing pain in this growing population.