cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Epilogue: Lessons Learned About Evaluating Health Communication Programs

Systematic evaluation research is needed to develop, implement, refine, and sustain effective health communication programs. Yet, evaluation research is not always well integrated into health communication intervention activities or even budgeted as part of health promotion efforts. If included in health promotion programs, evaluation research is often conducted superficially, after the fact, and does not provide the strategic information needed to make sure that health communication programs achieve their important goals. To rectify this problem, it is important to reassert and institutionalize the value of evaluation research in health promotion efforts. It is important to mandate that all major health communication programs are guided by robust evaluation research data. It is also important to help health promotion experts to conduct rigorous and revealing evaluation research as well as help them use evaluation research data to guide the development, refinement, and implementation of health communication programs. This Epilogue to this special section on Evaluating Health Communication Programs presents specific propositions that charts the course for using evaluation research to promote public health and recommends next steps for achieving this goal.
Two New Bird Ceratophylli from Minnesota (Insecta: Siphonaptera)

In the course of studies on the Siphonaptera of Minnesota two hitherto undescribed species of Ceratophylli from birds were found. One of these was from a ruffed grouse, Bonasa umbellus , the other from the American long-eared owl, Asio wilsonianus . As relatively little attention has been paid to bird fleas in this country, it seems desirable to describe these two species at this time.
Splice form variant and amino acid changes in MDR49 confers DDT resistance in transgenic Drosophila

The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters represent a superfamily of proteins that have important physiological roles in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. In insects, ABC transporters have previously been implicated in insecticide resistance. The 91-R strain of Drosophila melanogaster has been intensely selected with DDT over six decades. A recent selective sweeps analysis of 91-R implicated the potential role of MDR49, an ABC transporter, in DDT resistance, however, to date the details of how MDR49 may play a role in resistance have not been elucidated. In this study, we investigated the impact of structural changes and an alternative splicing event in MDR49 on DDT-resistance in 91-R, as compared to the DDT susceptible strain 91-C. We observed three amino acid differences in MDR49 when 91-R was compared with 91-C, and only one isoform (MDR49B) was implicated in DDT resistance. A transgenic Drosophila strain containing the 91-R-MDR49B isoform had a significantly higher LD50 value as compared to the 91-C-MDR49B isoform at the early time points (6 h to 12 h) during DDT exposure. Our data support the hypothesis that the MDR49B isoform, with three amino acid mutations, plays a role in the early aspects of DDT resistance in 91-R.
Computational and Experimental Characterization of Intramolecular Regulatory Interactions in Hck

Src family kinases (SFKs) are a group of nine non-receptor tyrosine kinases that play critical roles in cellular transduction pathways. These highly sought after therapeutic targets are prevalent and promiscuous; therefore, they must be tightly regulated to prevent unchecked signaling cascades. Inter-domain interactions that hinder kinase function are key SFK regulatory mechanisms, and detailed information about these interactions is integral to understanding how these enzymes function.Hck is a SFK primarily found in cells of hematopoietic lineage and is among the most well studied members of the family. Crystal structures of Hck in the down-regulated form and solution studies detailing catalytic responses to regulatory domain displacement provide a robust framework for characterizing the regulatory interactions. Adding to this knowledge, we provide fundamental information on Hck regulation by measuring binding free energies of the native domain-peptide interactions. A combined experimental and computational approach was used to complement and expand the usefulness of the data. The results were compared with bulk FRET measurements made using the full-length kinase to observe how these interactions are modified in the context of the protein.Given the high degree of homology among family members, it is unsurprising that SFKs have some redundant or compensatory functions. However, it has been shown that even the most closely related members of the family cannot always substitute functionally for one another in vivo and the differences responsible have yet to be fully elucidated. Our results lay the groundwork for comparative analysis between different family members and are expected to aid in identifying features that distinguish these enzymes from one another.
Digitalis and vasoactive drugs.

The therapeutic uses and side effects of digoxin, digitoxin, nitroprusside, and nitroglycerin are discussed. Methods of serum measurement are not readily available for all these drugs, and a number of factors may influence serum concentrations. The efficacy of monitoring serum levels of digitalis and the vasoactive drugs is explored.
Modification of Germinal Epithelium Ischemia by Perfusion

Three groups of dogs underwent testicular ischemia for a 3-hour period. Group I (10 animals) was not subsequently perfused. Group II (10 animals) underwent subsequent perfusion by a new in vivo reversible method via the internal spermatic artery with heparinized saline. Group III (5 animals) underwent perfusion with Sacks' solution. At 3weeks' time the histology of the testes of the three groups was compared. Group I showed a 75.5% decrease in the germinal epithelium. Group II showed a 21.4% decrease. Group III showed a 31.8% decrease. The survival rate of the germinal epithelium in the two perfused groups was significantly improved (P
Tibioperoneal Trunk Aneurysm Resulting in Compartment Syndrome with Associated Aneurysms of the Popliteal and Dorsalis Pedis Arteries

True aneurysms of the tibioperoneal trunk are rare. Given the scarcity of reports, the clinical presentation and treatment is not well defined. This is a case report of a 50-year-old male patient presenting with severe lower extremity swelling and compartment syndrome with neurological compromise secondary to a tibioperoneal trunk aneurysm. He was also noted to have discrete ipsilateral popliteal and dorsalis pedis artery aneurysms. Given the location and size of the aneurysm, the severe leg swelling, and venous hypertension, aneurysmorrhaphy or aneurysm sac excision with arterial reconstruction was prohibitively dangerous. Thus, following fasciotomies, a hybrid repair utilizing a saphenous vein superficial femoral to anterior tibial artery bypass along with coil embolization of the aneurysm sac was performed. The patient recovered full function of his leg and follow-up computed tomography angiogram demonstrated thrombosis and regression of the aneurysm sac with a patent bypass.
Is dental practice science based

This paper explores the thesis that the changing medical needs of dental patients, advances in biomedical research, and the confluence of the financing of medical and dental care will result in closer linkages between the medical and dental care delivery systems during the next century. Five trends have been documented in support of this thesis: the increasing number of elderly and their retention of teeth means there is a greater need for restorative dental care than in previous generations; the elderly have chronic diseases and are taking more medications; younger patients are presenting more frequently with infectious, systemic diseases such as HIV/AIDS. New scientific discoveries are opening new possibilities for patient care, which generate even higher expectations on the part of future consumers of medical and dental services. The health and fitness trend is not a fad; new knowledge regarding diet, nutrition, and exercise is identifying systemic risk factors related to common oral pathologies. Medical and dental educators are paying increased attention to the application of basic sciences to patient care. HMOs are increasing their market share of medical care delivery and expanding their services with preventive care and total patient care, including dental services. Data are provided documenting that dentists see these trends occurring in their private practices. The paper concludes that the application of advances in science and technology to oral health will improve the quality of dentistry. However, only new, effective preventive agents will decrease the cost of care, while improved diagnostics and restorative technologies could increase dental care costs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Predictors of Employment Following Postsecondary Education for Vocational Rehabilitation Participants With Traumatic Brain Injury

The purpose of this study was to identify vocational rehabilitation (VR) services associated with employment outcomes of individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI) who received college training and increased their highest level of postsecondary education completed. The participants were 1,221 individuals with TBI who increased their highest level of postsecondary education while receiving VR services. A logistic regression model containing five demographic and six VR service variables correctly classified 75.4% of cases as competitively employed or not competitively employed. The model explained approximately 10.0% of the variance in competitive employment. Significant predictors associated with competitive employment were the demographic characteristics of ethnicity and age at application. VR service variables that were significant predictors of competitive employment were (a) vocational rehabilitation counseling and guidance, (b) job readiness training, (c) job placement assistance, and (d) personal ...
Towards a Transcendental Critique of Feeling (A Response to Grenberg)

This paper focuses on responding to Jeanine Grenberg’s claim that my discussion of Kant’s feeling of respect leaves no meaningful room for investigating feeling first-personally. I first make clear that I do think that feelings can be investigated first-personally, both in that they can be prospective reasons for action and in that – at least in Kant’s Critique of the Power of Judgment – there are feelings that we should have (for aesthetic reasons). I then show that at the time of writing the “Incentives” chapter of the second Critique, Kant had not yet determined an a priori basis for aesthetic (or affective) normativity. On this basis, I argue that the “Incentives” chapter provides a sort of consolation prize for not (yet) having an transcendental account of feeling. In that sense, it’s a properly transcendental analysis of feeling in which Kant examines feeling from within and a priori to show that there are good (moral) reasons to have certain feelings. I end by acknowledging the extent to which, on this reading, I agree with Grenberg that Kant is doing a transcendentally significant form of phenomenology here, while I also highlight some remaining areas of disagreement.
Sick Children, Alternative Assessments, and What Happens at Home During Testing Time: MexicanAmerican Parentsâ€™ Voices on HighStakes Schooling

This mixed-method conducted in a border city between Texas and Mexico examines Mexican-American parents' beliefs of the value of high-stakes testing and their perspectices of its effects on their children.Â Parents Expressed their appreciation of assessment, but they also desired alternatives to the current high-stakes testing programs.Â They were concerned that the quality of the curriculum their children received was negatively affected because of the focus on testing.Â Unsolicitied and numerous responses from the survey participants called for an extension to the study to examine the parents' perspectives of the testing programs's impact on their children's physical and emotional health.Â This led to further exploration of the alarming information about children's strees-induced physical and emotional consequences.
Diseases of the Pleural Space

Air, blood, chyle, or infected fluid may inappropriately accumulate in the pleural space, resulting in acute or chronic clinical manifestations of varying severity.
Superiors’ Discretionary Bonus Pool Allocations When Agents Face Disparate Performance Risk

We examine how decision makers adjust their allocation decisions in risky environments, and how organizational context influences these decisions. Superiors often have discretion over bonus allocations, allowing them to make adjustments for the risk faced by agents. It is thus important to understand how superiors use this discretion and the organizational factors, specifically decision responsibility and availability of information, that affect their allocation decisions. We provide evidence that when superiors are confronted by inequality in agents’ performance risk (i.e., uncertainty as to how effort translates to performance), they tend to sympathize through their bonus allocation decisions with those agents with greater performance risk. However, superiors are often charged with decisions, including initial resource allocations, which affect or create disparity in agents’ performance risk. In this case, we find that superiors are not more, and potentially less, sympathetic to the disadvantaged agents compared to the setting without additional decision responsibility. Further, when information is available to superiors that can justify the initial resource allocation decision, they will actually favor the advantaged agents through their bonus allocation. Our results provide insight into organizational factors that affect how superiors use bonus discretion and make allocation decisions, and we demonstrate that available information can have a significant biasing effect in how superiors make these decisions. These results have direct implications for organizations, given the pervasiveness of discretion in bonus allocation decisions and organizational concerns for fairness and the job satisfaction of employees and their effects on overall performance.
0025 Conducting global occupational epidemiology research in a changing socio-political climate: case study of research among shanghai, china textile workers

There is a long and continuing legacy of epidemiologists from high income countries conducting occupational health research in low and middle income countries. Opportunities to investigate occupational hazards in relatively high exposure settings and to develop multi-country research partnerships that can lead to disease prevention globally are the main motivations for this type of research. However, it should be appreciated that changes in the cultural, economic, and political environment of the country where the research is conducted can have profound influences on the likelihood of research success. Our research groups have long histories of conducting epidemiologic investigations among textile workers in Shanghai, China. The research includes studies of multiple different cancers and parkinsonism (HC) and respiratory disorders (DCC) in relation to exposures to textile industry dusts and chemicals. Several gene/environment investigations have also been conducted. We present the historical background leading to the research, and the logistical challenges that have emerged over time as political, social, and economic conditions in Shanghai have changed. These challenges include reduced access to workplaces, reduced worker participation rates, and governmentally imposed restrictions on transporting bio-specimens outside of China. Based on our experiences, we can offer some recommendations that occupational epidemiologists in high and low/middle income countries might consider to facilitate collaborative research: being cognizant of national and regional political, social, and economic policy changes; maintaining flexibility in research protocols and budgetary allocations during the course of study conduct; and, keeping lines of communication open throughout the research design and implementation.
Damage testing of nematic liquid crystalline materials for femtosecond to nanosecond pulse lengths at 1053 nm

Damage-test data are scarce for liquid crystalline (LC) materials at 1-ns pulse lengths and nonexistent at shorter pulselengths. Here we describe the methodology to develop a comprehensive database of damage performance for typical nematic LC’s for a wide range of pulse lengths at 1053 nm. This series of nematic LC materials investigates the effect of a varying degree of π-electron delocalization. Obtaining damage-threshold measurements is of fundamental interest for the consideration of LC materials for applications in short-pulse laser systems.
In Defense of Socratic Studies

This chapter defines and critically discusses “The Socratic Question,” which asks whether or not it is justified to attribute to either the historical Socrates or Plato’s Socrates any proposition of philosophical substance found in Plato’s dialogues. It discusses the Socratic Question largely in the context of the discussion found in Thomas C. Brickhouse and Nicholas D. Smith , Socratic Moral Psychology. In the end, it is argued that just as many philosophers commit themselves to some or another version of the Mouthpiece Interpretation of Plato’s dialogues pertinent to the Platonic Question, Brickhouse and Smith appear to commit themselves to some version of the Mouthpiece Interpretation relative to the Socratic Question. However, various difficulties loom for the Mouthpiece Interpretation of the Socratic Question.
Nanoscale Testing of One-Dimensional Nanostructures

The emergence of numerous nanoscale materials and structures such as nanowires (NWs), nanorods, nanotubes, and nanobelts of various materials in the past decade has prompted a need for methods to characterize their unique mechanical properties. These one-dimensional (1D) nanostructures possess superior mechanical properties [1, 2]; hence, applications of these structures ranging from nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) [3] to nanocomposites [4] are envisioned. Two overarching questions have spurred the development of nanomechanical testing techniques and the modeling of materials behavior at the nanoscale: how superior is material behavior at the nanoscale as compared to its bulk counterpart, and what are the underlying mechanisms that dictate this? Due to the limited number of atoms present in these nanostructures, they provide an excellent opportunity to couple experimentation and atomistic modeling on a one-to-one basis. This approach has the potential to greatly advance our understanding of material deformation and failure, as well as to validate the various assumptions employed in multiscale models proposed in the literature. A large number of atomistic simulations have been performed to predict nanostructure properties and reveal their deformation mechanisms [2]. However, due to the minute scale of these nanostructures, it has proven quite challenging to conduct well-instrumented mechanical testing and validate computational predictions.
A tumor promoter-resistant subpopulation of progenitor cells is larger in limbal epithelium than in corneal epithelium.

PURPOSE In the epidermis, proliferative basal cells can be divided into two subpopulations according to their response to phorbol ester tumor promoters. The tumor promoter-sensitive subpopulation ceases mitosis and initiates terminal differentiation and, thus, represents more differentiated transient amplifying cells. In contrast, the tumor promoter-resistant subpopulation that continues to proliferate may be the target of neoplastic transformation by chemical carcinogens and may contain stem cells. Based on this concept, we examined the differential response of stem cell-containing limbal epithelium and transient amplifying cell-containing corneal epithelium to phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) treatment. METHODS A reported serum-free clonal growth assay was used. The mitogenic response was measured by colony-forming efficiency (CFE), colony size, bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling index; the differentiation was assessed by colony morphology, AE-5 monoclonal antibody staining. RESULTS The addition of PMA dose dependently inhibited the clonal proliferation of both limbal and corneal epithelial cultures with respect to CFE, colony size, and BrdU labeling index, suggesting that both cultures contain PMA-sensitive subpopulations. Nevertheless, the magnitudes of a decrease in CFE and colony size in peripheral corneal cultures were significantly greater than those in limbal cultures, indicating that the size of the PMA-resistant subpopulation is larger in the limbal epithelium. The inhibitory effect of PMA on clonal proliferation was partially reversible upon its early withdrawal, indicating that its inhibitory effect is continuous and coupled with progressive differentiation of progenitor cells in this culture system. CONCLUSION These results further suggest that the cell cycle length of progenitor cells correlates with the mitogenic pathway mediated via calcium- and phospholipid-dependent protein kinase C, the receptor inhibited by prolonged treatment of phorbol ester tumor promoters.
Establishment and growth of Vigna parkeri on an acid Florida spodosol in response to lime and phosphorus.

Vigna parkeri, a tropical forage legume, is difficult to establish on acid soils. The effects of lime (0, 3.4, 6.8, and 10.2 Mg CaCO3 ha−1) and P (0, 25, 50, and 75 kg P ha−1) on establishment of V. parkeri on an acid (pH 4.4), infertile spodosol were evaluated. In a greenhouse study, the increasing CaCO3 rates resulted in soil pH levels 4.4, 5.8, 6.4, and 6.6, respectively. Both shoot and root weights responded quadratically to CaCO3 (P < 0.001) with highest shoot and root mass at 3.4 Mg CaCO3 ha−1. This level of CaCO3 resulted in shoot-dry-mass gains of 245% over the unlimed control and 62% and 49%, respectively, over the 6.8 and 10.2 Mg CaCO3 ha−1 rates. Root mass at 3.4 Mg ha−1 was 176, 48 and 73% greater than root mass at the 0, 6.8, and 10.2 Mg CaCO3 ha−1 rates, respectively. Shoot-tissue concentrations of Mn, Fe, Ca, and Mg responded quadratically (P < 0.001) to increasing rates of CaCO3, while Zn decreased linearly (P < 0.001). Total shoot N was increased by 3.4 Mg CaCO3 ha−1 and not changed by additional CaCO3 increments. Phosphorus did not affect yield. A field study confirmed plant response to 3.4 Mg CaCO3 ha−1, although higher rates of lime did not reduce plant growth. Phosphorus had no effect on plant establishment. The lack of response to P treatments in this study may be due to a low external-P requirement for the plant and the presence of large organic and inorganic-P fractions in the soil. Liming acid soils to a pH of 5.4 to 5.8 is important for the establishment of V. parkeri.
Assessing Well-Being Factors in a Growing Community: A Multi-Attribute Vignette Approach

There is significant support for measurement and utilization of subjective well-being (SWB) as an input in the public policy process, and analyses of secondary data have provided important insight into the well-being effects of several policy-relevant variables. However, such analyses may be limited by data availability and uncertainty about causality. Analogous to stated preference approaches in economics, vignettes with researcher-defined attributes can be used to assess potential SWB responses to policy-relevant variables. This study used vignettes to understand the effect of population growth, unemployment rate, utility cost, public input process, and recreation access on SWB in a growing high-amenity community in the United States. Results varied across SWB domains, with a general finding that population growth reduced SWB. Unemployment reductions and “high involvement” public processes enhanced SWB, while utility cost increases reduced SWB. Loss of trail connectivity reduced SWB for respondents who frequently engage in outdoor recreation. Results were consistent with those from previous studies utilizing indirect methods, while the vignette approach provided greater control over the attributes and levels being evaluated. Results generally indicated that the vignette attributes affected SWB in expected ways, thereby providing an indication of construct validity. However, some unexpected patterns were found, and additional evaluation of contingent SWB is needed.
The importance of aligning lean with organisational strategy

This study explores how strategic direction of firms may affect salient factors that were found in prior research to be conducive for lean implementation success. We use Venkatraman's (1989a) categorisation of strategy and examine their correlation with workers' perceived job security, perceived personal benefits of lean, and level of training on lean (Nahm et al., 2012). We apply intraclass correlations, ANOVA analyses, and regression analysis within the study. Lean success factors were affected differently by each type of organisational strategy examined (proactiveness, defensiveness, analysis and futurity). Workers perceived their jobs to be secure in all four types of strategies. They also perceived personal benefits of lean positively under futurity strategy, but were negative about it under proactiveness and defensiveness strategies. Training on lean concepts and techniques was actively carried out in firms with analysis and futurity strategies but significantly less training was done in firms adopting a proactiveness strategy.
Biological and thermochemical conversion of human solid waste to soil amendments

Abstract Biological and thermochemical sanitization of source-separated human solid waste (HSW) are effective technologies for unsewered communities. While both methods are capable of fecal pathogen sterilization, the agronomically-beneficial properties of waste sanitized between methods remains unclear. Therefore, this study compared recovery and quality of soil amendments produced by compostation, torrefaction, and pyrolysis of HSW, established their financial value, and quantified tradeoffs between product value and conversion efficiency. Temperature and associated mass losses significantly affected the physical and chemical properties of thermochemically-treated HSW. Thermophilic composting, a biological sanitation method practiced in informal settlements in Nairobi, Kenya, produced an amendment that contained between 16 and 858-fold more plant-available nitrogen (N; 214.5 mg N/kg) than HSW pyrolyzed between 300 and 700 °C (0.2–15.2 mg N/kg). Conversely, HSW pyrolyzed at 600 °C had four-fold higher plant-available phosphorus (P; 3117 mg P/kg) and five-fold higher plant-available potassium (K; 7403 mg K/kg) than composted HSW (716 mg P/kg and 1462 mg K/kg). Wide variation between international fertilizer prices on the low end and regional East African prices on the high end resulted in broad-spaced quantiles for the value of agronomic components in HSW amendments. Phosphorus and K comprised a disproportionate amount of the value, 52–87%, compared to plant-available N, which contributed less than 2%. The total value of treated HSW, summed across all agronomic components per unit weight amendment, was greatest for thermochemically-treated HSW at 600 °C, averaging 220 USD/Mg, more than four-fold that of composted HSW, 53 USD/Mg. In contrast, torrefaction provided the highest monetary value per unit weight feedstock, 144 USD/Mg, as low heating temperatures engender minimal mass loss and higher nutrient densities per unit weight feedstock, compared to composted or pyrolyzed HSW. When benchmarked against total N, P, and K of eight commonly-applied organic amendments, including sewage-sludge (Milorganite), compost, and alfalfa meal, HSW pyrolyzed at 700 °C was of greatest value per unit weight of amendment, 365 USD/Mg, compared to 89 USD/Mg for composted HSW, and contained 2.9% total N (0.5 mg available N/kg), 3.1% total P (7640 mg available P/kg), 3.5% total K (17,671 mg available K/kg).
Photodeoxygenation of phenanthro[4,5-bcd]thiophene S-oxide, triphenyleno[1,12-bcd]thiophene S-oxide and perylo[1,12-bcd]thiophene S-oxide

Sulfoxides, upon irradiation with ultraviolet (UV) light undergo α-cleavage, hydrogen abstraction, photodeoxygenation, bimolecular photoreduction, and stereo-mutation. The UV irradiation of dibenzo...
RISK FACTORS FOR DISENROLLMENT AMONG HOME HOSPICE PATIENTS WITH DEMENTIA

Hospice delivers care to a substantial and growing number of individuals with primary and comorbid dementia diagnoses. Dementia diagnosis and racial/ethnic minority status are risk factors for hospice disenrollment. However, little research examines racial/ethnic disparities and other risk factors for hospice disenrollment among hospice patients with dementia. This paper uses multinomial logistic regression to explore sociodemographic and functional status risk factors for hospice disenrollment among 3,949 home hospice recipients with primary or comorbid dementia. Results indicate that patients with a primary dementia diagnosis, racial/ethnic minority groups, and those higher functional status have elevated risk of disenrollment due to hospitalization, disqualification, and electively leaving hospice care. Additional research is needed to understand why primary dementia diagnosis and underrepresented racial/ethnic status are associated with multiple kinds of hospice disenrollment so that hospice practice can be tailored to respond to the needs of these individuals.
Building Collaboration Skills in 4th- to 6th-Grade Students Through Robotics

Educators now recognize the importance of providing students early on with practice to build necessary 21st-century work-related skills, such as collaboration. School robotics programs are increasi...
Improving the Compliance of Intraoperative Antibiotic Redosing: A Quality Improvement Initiative.

Introduction At Children's Hospital and Medical Center in Omaha, Nebraska, the intraoperative antibiotic redosing guidelines and the time frame considered compliant for redosing were unclear. This lack of clarity plus an ill-defined process for ensuring intraoperative antibiotic redosing resulted in a compliance rate of 11%. The organization's surgical site infection (SSI) rate was 3.19%, above the national benchmark of 1.87%. The primary project goal was to increase intraoperative antibiotic redosing compliance. The secondary project goal was to decrease SSIs. Methods With recommendations from the Infectious Disease Society of America, we developed new organizational redosing guidelines, as well as a new antibiotic-specific reminder alert in the electronic medical record. Implementation of the new guidelines and processes occurred after providing education to the anesthesiologists, surgeons, and circulating nurses. Monthly evaluation of data allowed for quick recognition of oversights followed by the initiation of process updates. Results Data showed that the initial compliance rate for the intraoperative redosing of antibiotics was 11%. Following interventions, compliance has reached and sustained an average of 99%. Survey results show that provider knowledge of the guidelines and process has improved. Though not directly related, the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program observed that the SSI rate decreased from 3.19% in 2014 to 2.3% in 2018. Conclusions This project demonstrates that comprehensive education along with antibiotic-specific electronic medical record alerts significantly increased the compliance of intraoperative antibiotic redosing at Children's Hospital & Medical Center. Continuous education and monthly updates sustained results for over 40 months.
Echocardiographic diagnosis of primary cardiac tumors in infants and young children

Objective To explore the value of echocardiography in the diagnosis of primary cardiac tumors in infants and young children. Methods Twenty-six infants suspected as primary cardiac tumors were selected and examined by echocardiography. After completing the relevant examinations, the diagnosis was confirmed by operation or puncture biopsy. The diagnostic value of echocardiography in primary cardiac tumors was analyzed. Results In 26 children suspected as cardiac tumors, 1 was diagnosed as primary cardiac tumors, belonging to cardiac myxoma (benign); 25 were diagnosed as endocarditis, of which 19 were associated with valvular vegetation. Two cases of primary cardiac tumors were diagnosed by echocardiography. One case of endocarditis was misdiagnosed as cardiac tumors. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were 100.0% and 96.0% respectively. The coincidence rate with pathological diagnosis was 96.15%. Conclusion Echocardiography has a high sensitivity in the diagnosis of primary cardiac tumors in infants and young children, which can provide objective basis for correct clinical diagnosis and is conducive to the formulation and implementation of treatment programs. Key words: Primary cardiac tumor; Echocardiography; Diagnosis
Developing An “Eco-Electricity” Application to Assess Environmental Impact of Power Plants

This article presents an “Eco-Electricity” application that was created in a visual basic application (VBA) to assess various power plant technology on the basis of their environmental performance. The application uses a quantitative model [1] that incorporates crucial factors that influence different life cycle phases of a power plant. By combining different techniques of the life cycle cost of various power plants, the application determines the power plant capital cost. Also, the application deals with the negative environmental impact of a power plant as a cost. This impact cost will be accountable as power plant expenses. Using the application will assist decision-makers, companies, and governments in reducing the adverse effect of different power plant systems on the environment and society.
Use of an Online Training with Virtual Role Play to Teach Preference Assessment Implementation

Identification of reinforcers is critical to the effectiveness of behavioral interventions. Stimulus preference assessments (SPA) are a frequently used method to identify putative reinforcers. Given the fluctuating nature of individual preferences, there is need for efficient training of providers that may regularly implement SPAs. The present study evaluated the utility of a web-delivered training with virtual role play to train SPA implementation. This study builds upon previous literature by utilizing a larger sample and incorporating role-play, a component often omitted from other efficient methods of training. Study 1 trained 40 undergraduate students to implement an SPA via web or in vivo. Results suggest both trainings were equivalently effective, and the web-delivered training reduced trainer time by approximately 25 min. Live role-play and feedback was still necessary with web-delivered training, consistent with suggestions that rehearsal and feedback is a vital component of training. Results also suggest web-delivered training may identify areas of weakness following training. A follow-up clinical pilot showed that the web-delivered training was also effective at training eight novice providers to competently implement the SPA with children with ASD in a special education school. This study demonstrates that web-delivered training with virtual role-play is likely another efficient training method for implementation of behavioral procedures.
Four Possible Causes of Schizophrenia

Clinical genetic studies have shown that if people with mental health condition have the closer blood relationship, his or her offspring will have the higher prevalence of mental diseases. This paper has covered schizophrenia, which was formerly known as early-onset dementia, a common psychiatric disorder with unknown etiology. It usually occurs among young adults and leads to several obstacles in thinking, emotion, perception, behavior, and personality, and “split” of mental activity. Individuals with multiple episodes turn into a chronic state, being generally unconscious and mentally impaired. Nevertheless, schizophrenia does not mean that one cannot lead a fulfilling and meaningful life and rehabilitation is still possible. Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent complications and improve prognosis. Despite the fact that most patients have no violent criminal record, schizophrenic patients are often labeled as treacherous people under the sensational exaggeration of the media. The auditory hallucinations are thought to be dangerous, but in fact the voices they hear are mostly self-harm rather than hurting others. Further, the paper has validated that, the patient can choose to refuse to follow the auditory hallucination commands. Proper treatment, effective self-help, as well as a healthy sustenance system enable numerous people to regulate their symptoms, live independently and work, establish satisfying relational associations and enjoy evocative lives.
Belief Propagation for Localization Using Inter-Agent Ranging in GPS Denied Environments

Long duration autonomy in GPS denied environments remains a challenge for high-flying aerial systems. Unlike ground or low flying systems, there are few static features to navigate from. In this paper we consider multi-agent scenario where agents are equipped with inter-agent ranging capabilities that will aid in individual localization. Across the ranging and communication network the agents have varying levels of uncertainty in their positioning. A message passing algorithm is proposed to bound this uncertainty in the system. To localize the agents we derive a localization algorithm that is based on belief propagation which is naturally distributed and efficient. We consider a motion model often seen in GPS-denied scenarios to demonstrate this algorithm in simulation.
Predicting Concussion Recovery with PHQ-9 and GAD-7.

OBJECTIVE To determine whether scores obtained from Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) or the General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) instruments administered following a concussion can be used to predict recovery time. METHOD Retrospective cohort study in a university-based specialty concussion center of 502 concussed participants. Participants completed a PHQ-9 and GAD-7 during their initial visit and subsequent visits during the recovery period (ie, at 14, 28, 56, and 84 days). RESULTS The median recovery time from a concussion was 21 days from the initial clinical evaluation; however, individuals with a PHQ-9 score ≤ 6 (n = 262) had a median recovery time of 17 (95% confidence interval [CI] 15-19) days, whereas those with PHQ-9 scores >6 (n = 240) had a median recovery time of 33 (95% CI 28-37) days and a hazard ratio of 0.525 (95% CI 0.438-0.629, P 4 (n = 243), the median recovery was 32 (95% CI 28-36) days with a hazard ratio of 0.554 (95% CI 0.462-0.664, P < 0.00). CONCLUSIONS Scores obtained from PHQ-9 and GAD-7 screening tools appear to be predictive of an individual's recovery and may help identify those subjects who may benefit from early psychological interventions.
Summary of Symposium on Normal and Malignant Cell Growth

In this Symposium, we have come to grips with the nature of cancer growth, cytokinetic variables and controls that may be operative during tumor development. One face of the Symposium has been turned toward normal growth, another toward abnormal growth. But, in the fashion of Janus, the two faces are really quite alike in many respects even if they appear to be turned in opposite directions. Although it is my purpose in these concluding remarks to weave together information and ideas that have been presented here, it is not my intention to cover all that has been put forth even if I could do so. Because of this limitation, I ask the indulgence of the authors and the audience. I wish rather to focus mainly on the cytokinetic basis of tumor growth and to do so in relation to the behavior of normal cell systems. Lamerton really summarized the essence of this Symposium in his introductory lecture when he reminded us that the behavior of cells in organized populations, as well as that of individuals in a society, is determined by properties of the organization as well as by characteristics of the components.
An anatomical skull for impact testing

Progress is described on the development of a trauma-indicating headform for assessment of localized and superficial head injury hazards. Using as a basis the facial and parietal bone impact tolerance values obtained in collaboration with Nahum, an anatomically shaped skull has been developed in which particular attention has been given to achieving humanlike fracture tolerances in the zygomatic and frontal regions.
Vulnerability of cultured cortical neurons to damage by excitotoxins: differential susceptibility of neurons containing NADPH-diaphorase

Quantitative concentration-toxicity relationships were determined for the injury of cultured murine cortical neurons by several excitatory amino acid (EAA) agonists. All tested agonists produced concentration- dependent neuronal injury at concentrations between 1 and 1000 microM. With 5 min exposure, glutamate, aspartate, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), L-homocysteate (HCA), and quisqualate all had similar potencies, destroying half of the neuronal population (LD50) at concentrations of 50–200 microM, and similar efficacies, with 88–92% neuronal loss produced by exposure to high agonist concentrations. Quinolinate and kainate were substantially weaker toxins, producing only 20–30% neuronal loss after 5 min exposure to 3 mM concentrations; with prolonged (24 hr) exposure, 85–95% neuronal loss could be attained. The comparative EAA vulnerability of a specific cortical neuronal subpopulation containing high concentrations of the enzyme, reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase (NADPH-d), was also examined. Glutamate had no differential toxicity on these cells, damaging them at all concentrations in proportion to the general population; however, other, more selective, agonists produced strikingly differential injuries. These NADPH-d-containing [NADPH- d(+)]neurons were selectively resistant to damage by low concentrations of the NMDA agonists quinolinate, HCA, aspartate, or NMDA itself. By contrast, NADPH-d(+)neurons were selectively destroyed by concentrations of quisqualate or kainate too low to produce much general neuronal injury. The differential susceptibility of these neurons was not absolute, as high concentrations of all tested agonists produced nonselective neuronal injury. In light of recent evidence that forebrain NADPH-d(+)neurons are selectively spared in Huntington's disease, the present study continues to support the hypothesis that neuronal loss in Huntington's disease might result from excessive NMDA- receptor stimulation by any selective NMDA agonist. Furthermore, the demonstration that the differential susceptibility of NADPH-d(+)neurons is agonist concentration-dependent, rather than absolute, could provide a basis for explaining some existing conflicting experimental data.
Functional Outcome After Perinatal Cerebral Sinovenous Thrombosis: A Prospective Cohort Study (S42.006)

OBJECTIVE: To ascertain functional outcome in children after perinatal-onset cerebral sinovenous thrombosis (CSVT). BACKGROUND: Neurological deficits are prevalent after perinatal CSVT, occurring in up to 60%, but impact on global and subdomain function has not been well-defined owing to limitations in outcome measures used in pediatric stroke. The King’s Outcome Scale for Childhood Head Injury (KOSCHI) and Pediatric Stroke Outcome Measure (PSOM) scales provide a meaningful way to determine functional status after CSVT. DESIGN: We evaluated 17 radiographically confirmed cases of perinatal CSVT (71% male) presenting before 28 days of life from a single-center, prospective, consecutive cohort enrolled 2006-2013. Two children had in utero CSVT diagnosis. Medical records were abstracted for treatment, neuroimaging, and outcome data. KOSCHI and PSOM scores were assigned retrospectively from follow-up visit data. RESULTS: Perinatal CSVT presented with early symptomatic seizures in 65% (11/17), of which 91% had clinically witnessed events. All neonates with seizures received anticonvulsant therapy in hospital and at discharge. 41% (7/17) had neurological co-morbidities, including prematurity (3), periventricular leukomalacia (2), and congenital malformations (2). Intracranial hemorrhage (88%), venous infarction (53%) and coincident arterial ischemic infarction (41%) were frequently identified. 41% (7/17) were treated acutely with standard heparin or low-molecular weight heparin (LMWH) and 6 of these were discharged home on LMWH for up to 6 months. Median time to last follow-up visit was 14 months (IQR 5-44 months). Median KOSCHI score at that visit was 4b, reflecting moderate levels of disability impacting function in an independent child. Median total PSOM score was 1.5, also denoting mild to moderate deficits with functional limitations. 6/17 (35%) required anticonvulsant therapy at last follow-up, only one of whom had not presented with early symptomatic seizures. CONCLUSIONS: We found a high rate of neurological morbidity and seizure burden after perinatal CSVT which significantly impacted achievement of age-appropriate developmental milestones and function. Measures and predictors of functional outcome following perinatal CSVT need further exploration. Disclosure: Dr. Billinghurst has nothing to disclose. Dr. Uohara has nothing to disclose. Dr. Licht has nothing to disclose. Dr. Ichord has nothing to disclose.
Degradation Mechanisms in Thermal‐Barrier Coatings

The degradation mechanism in thermal barrier coating systems subjected to prolonged heating in air as well as to thermal cycling was studied. Bond coat oxidation was found to be the most important reason for degradation. The oxidation produced NiO as well as Al?O? in one set of samples, but the variation in initial coating structure made it difficult to resolve systematic differences between isothermally heated and thermally cycled samples. However, the contribution to degradation from changes in substrate composition seemed less in the cycled sample.
Keeping the Flies out of the Ointment: Restricting Objectors to Class Action Settlements

It is not the critic who counts, not the man who points out how the strong man stumbled, or where the doers of deed could have done better. The credit belongs to the man who is actually in the arena: whose face is marred by the dust and sweat and blood; who strives valiantly; who errs and comes short again and again . . . who knows the great enthusiasms, the great devotions, and spends himself in a worthy cause; who, at the best, knows in the end the triumph of high achievement; and who, at the worst if he fails, at least fails while daring greatly, so that his place shall never be with those cold and timid souls who know neither victory nor defeat.
Nursing student resilience: a concept clarification.

Purpose The purpose of this article is to clarify the concept of resilience for the nursing student population. Methods A selective review of the literature was conducted, with 26 sources found to be cogent to this concept clarification, including four recently published concept analyses. The Norris method of concept clarification is used to analyze and clarify the concept of resilience to enhance its practical application. The phenomenon is described according to its antecedents, attributes, and consequences, along with a proposed operational definition and conceptual model. Practice Implications The clarification of the concept will assist nurse researchers and nurse educators in developing interventions and educational strategies aimed at fostering resilience in nursing students.