cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Identifying Mislabeled Images in Supervised Learning Utilizing Autoencoder

Supervised learning is based on the assumption that the ground truth in the training data is accurate. However, this may not be guaranteed in real-world settings. Inaccurate training data will result in some unexpected predictions. In image classification, incorrect labels may cause the classification model to be inaccurate as well. In this paper, we are going to apply unsupervised techniques to the training data before training the classification network. A convolutional autoencoder is applied to obtain the representations of the raw data. Images are encoded and their features are preserved in a lower-dimensional latent space. We can exploit the feature-label consistency by analyzing the representations. Noised samples can be classified in the latent space by the Density-Base Scan (DBSCAN) clustering algorithm. These incorrectly labeled data are visualized as outliers in the latent space. Therefore, the outliers identified by the DBSCAN algorithm can be classified as incorrectly labeled samples. After the outliers are detected, all the outliers are treated as mislabeled data samples and removed from the dataset. Thus the remaining training data can be directly used in training the supervised learning network. The algorithm can detect and remove above 67% of mislabeled data in the experimental dataset.
Kinetic monitoring of neuronal stress response to proteostasis dysfunction.

Abstract Proteostasis dysfunction and activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) are characteristic of all major neurodegenerative diseases. Nevertheless, although the UPR and proteostasis dysfunction has been studied in great detail in model organisms like yeast and mammalian cell lines, it has not yet been examined in neurons. In this study, we applied a viral vector-mediated expression of a reporter protein based on a UPR transcription factor, ATF4, and time-lapse fluorescent microscopy to elucidate how mouse primary neurons respond to pharmacological and genetic perturbations to neuronal proteostasis. In in vitro models of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and proteasome inhibition, we used the ATF4 reporter to reveal the time course of the neuronal stress response relative to neurite degeneration and asynchronous cell death. We showed how potential neurodegenerative disease co-factors, ER stress and mutant α-synuclein overexpression, impacted neuronal stress response and overall cellular health. This work therefore introduces a viral vector-based reporter that yields a quantifiable readout suitable for non-cell destructive kinetic monitoring of proteostasis dysfunction in neurons by harnessing ATF4 signaling as part of the UPR activation.
Internal-current Lorentz-force Heating of Astrophysical Objects

Two forms of ohmic heating of astrophysical secondaries have received particular attention: unipolar-generator heating with currents running between the primary and secondary; and magnetic induction heating due to the primary's time-varying field. Neither appears to cause significant dissipation in the contemporary solar system. But these discussions have overlooked heating derived from the spatial variation of the primary's field across the interior of the secondary. This leads to Lorentz force-driven currents around paths entirely internal to the secondary, with resulting ohmic heating. We examine three ways to drive such currents, by the cross product of: (1) the secondary's azimuthal orbital velocity with the non-axially symmetric field of the primary; (2) the radial velocity (due to non-zero eccentricity) of the secondary with the primary's field; or (3) the out-of-plane velocity (due to non-zero inclination) with the primary's field. The first of these operates even for a spin-locked secondary whose orbit has zero eccentricity, in strong contrast to tidal dissipation. We show that Jupiter's moon Io today could dissipate about 600 GW (more than likely current radiogenic heating) in the outer hundred meters of its metallic core by this mechanism. Had Io ever been at 3 jovian radii instead of its current 5.9, it could have been dissipating 15,000 GW. Ohmic dissipation provides a mechanism that could operate in any solar system to drive inward migration of secondaries that then necessarily comes to a halt upon reaching a sufficiently close distance to the primary.
Quark Sivers Function at Small $x$: Spin-Dependent Odderon and the Sub-Eikonal Evolution

We apply the formalism developed earlier [1, 2] for studying transverse momentum dependent parton distribution functions (TMDs) at small Bjorken x to construct the small-x asymptotics of the quark Sivers function. First, we explicitly construct the complete fundamental “polarized Wilson line” operator to sub-sub-eikonal order: this object can be used to study a variety of quark TMDs at small x. We then express the quark Sivers function in terms of dipole scattering amplitudes containing various components of the “polarized Wilson line” and show that the dominant (eikonal) term which contributes to the quark Sivers function at small x is the spin-dependent odderon, confirming the re- cent results of Dong, Zheng and Zhou [3]. Our conclusion is also similar to the case of the gluon Sivers function derived by Boer, Echevarria, Mulders and Zhou [4] (see also [5]). We also analyze the sub-eikonal corrections to the quark Sivers function using the constructed “polarized Wilson line” operator. We derive new small-x evolution equations re-summing double-logarithmic powers of αs ln2(1/x) with αs the strong coupling constant. We solve the corresponding novel evolution equations in the large-Nc limit, obtaining a sub-eikonal correction to the spin-dependent odderon contribution. We conclude that the quark Sivers function at small x receives contributions from two terms and is given by $$ {f}_{1T}^{\perp q}\left(x,{k}_T^2\right)={C}_O\left(x,{k}_T^2\right)\frac{1}{x}+{C}_1\left({k}_T^2\right){\left(\frac{1}{x}\right)}^0+\cdots $$ with the function CO(x, $$ {k}_T^2 $$ ) varying slowly with x and the ellipsis denoting the subasymptotic and sub-sub-eikonal (order-x) corrections.
Toxic Neuromuscular Transmission Disorders

The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is uniquely sensitive to the effects of neurotoxins. Unlike the blood-brain barrier, which protects the brain and spinal cord, and the blood-nerve barrier, which protects peripheral nerve, there are no barriers to protect the NMJ from the deleterious effects of these agents. Several forms of neurotoxins are directed against the NMJ. Many occur as natural substances of plants or animals, other result from the actions of widely prescribed pharmaceutical compounds, and still others are environmental hazards. In nearly all instances of NMJ neurotoxicity, there is a reduction in the safety factor of neuromuscular transmission by one of several mechanisms. These neurotoxins may affect either the presynaptic or the postsynaptic elements of the NMJ. The clinical features of these neurotoxins are quite varied; many have associated toxicity of other parts of the central, peripheral, or autonomic nervous systems. Many will have other systemic effects as well. While feared as the purveyor of morbidity and mortality, many of these neurotoxins have led to significant advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of pharmacology and physiology and their associated diseases. For example, the recognition that α-bungarotoxin binds to the acetylcholine receptor (AChR) advanced our knowledge of the diagnosis and treatment of myasthenia gravis (MG) (1). Worldwide, the most common neurotoxicity of the NMJ results from envenomation. Of more concern to the clinical neurologist are those situations that result from the direct effects of various pharmacologic agents routinely used in the practice of medicine that produce significant aberrations of neuromuscular transmission in susceptible individuals. The potential for environmental intoxication has been limited by the stringent regulation of federal and international regulatory agencies.
Discrete-time neural network control of nonlinear systems in non-strict feedback form

In this paper, an adaptive multilayer neural-network (NN) controller is designed to deliver a desired tracking performance for the control of a class of unknown nonlinear systems in discrete time where the system is expressed in non-strict feedback form. Three NNs are used where two NNs approximate the dynamics of the nonlinear system whereas the third critic NN generates a critic signal, which is used to tune the weights of the action generating NNs. The NN control scheme uses backstepping approach and presents a well-defined controller design. The stability analysis of the closed-loop control system is given and the uniform ultimately boundedness (UUB) of the closed-loop tracking error is shown.
The semiotics of law in legal education

Preface- Semiotics in the Seminar Jan M. Broekman, Francis J. Mootz III, William A. Pencak: 1 Introduction.- 2 The Kevelson Round Tables.- 3 The Seminar at Penn State Law.- Part 1: Philosophical Dimensions.- Introduction. Jan M. Broekman.- Chapter 1."Die Sache": The Foundationless Ground of Legal Meaning. Francis J. Mootz III.- Chapter 2. Faces Face to Face. Jan M. Broekman.- Chapter 3.Tarski, Peirce and Truth-Correspondences in Law. Paul Van Fleet.- Part 2: History, Law and Semiotics.- Introduction.Jan M. Broekman.- Chapter 4. History and Semiotics: Preliminary Thoughts.William A. Pencak.- Chapter 5. Teaching Law and Semiotic-Sensitivity in the Life and Career of John Reed, Founder of the Dickinson School of Law. William E. Butler.- Chapter 6. Initiating the Two Legal Cultures of the Early United States William A. Pencak.- Part 3: Semiotics and the Legal System.- Introduction.Jan M. Broekman.- Chapter 7. Common Law Lawyers Should Mind their Trial Practices: Understanding, Identifying and Correcting a Semiotic Imbalance.Edward J. Cyran.- Chapter 8. Semiotics in Legal Theory Design. Jeffrey A.Ellsworth.- Part 4: Gender and Family.-Introduction. Francis J. Mootz III.- Chapter 9. Semiotics of Parenthood in Legal Perspective. Michelle L. Wirth.- Chapter 10. 'Michael H. v. Gerald D'. Jeffrey A. Ellsworth.- Part 5. Economy, Business.- Introduction Francis J.Mootz III.- Chapter 11. Trademarks, A Social . Elizabeth Karnezos.- Chapter 12.Trademarks as a System of Signs. Meghann L. Garrett.- Chapter 13. The Semiotics of "Public Use". Nathan Harvill.- About the Authors.
Relationship of Cotton Fiber Properties to Yarn Tenacity

Fiber tenacity, elongation, length, fineness, and color were measured for 5 Gossypium barbadense L. and 37 G. hirsutum L. fiber samples. These samples were spun into 12- and 27-tex yarns on a ring ...
Crossing state lines: adapting object-oriented frameworks to functional reactive languages

Functional reactive programming integrates dynamic dataflow with functional programming to offer an elegant and powerful model for expressing computations over time-varying values. Developing realistic applications, however, requires access to libraries, such as those for GUIs, that are written in mainstream object-oriented languages. Previous work has developed functional reactive interfaces for GUI toolkits but has not provided an account of the principles underlying the implementation strategy. In this paper, we investigate this problem by studying the adaptation of the object-oriented toolkit MrEd to the functional reactive language FrTime. The heart of this problem is how to communicate state changes between the application and the toolkit's widget objects. After presenting a basic strategy for adaptation, we discuss abstraction techniques based on mixins and macros that allow us to adapt numerous properties in many widget classes with minimal code duplication. This results in a wrapper for the entire MrEd toolkit in only a few hundred lines of code. We also briefly discuss a spreadsheet developed with the resulting toolkit.
A localized dynamic load balancing strategy for highly parallel systems

Two dynamic load-balancing strategies, a local diffusion (RID) and a global exchange (DEM) strategy, designed to support massively parallel systems are presented and compared. The effects of system size and task granularity are studied. Both strategies are implemented on a 32-processor iPSC/2 and a 256-processor IBM Victor. Even for low degrees of parallelism the performance of the DEM and RID strategies is very similar. The efficiency of the DEM strategy, however, depends heavily on the system interconnection topology. Furthermore, the system sizes tested were small in the context of massively parallel systems. The overhead costs of synchronization (scale as O(N)) for the DEM approach may cause a serious deterioration of performance. The RID strategy is easily embedded into simpler topologies, and can scale gracefully for larger systems. Finally, the RID scheme is able to maintain task locality, supporting a wider variety of applications that exhibit local communication dependencies between tasks. Therefore, the RID strategy may offer a superior performance when locality is important. >
Conditions for growing Mycoplasma canadense and Mycoplasma verecundum in a serum-free medium.

Abstract Mycoplasma canadense and Mycoplasma verecundum were cultured in a serum-free medium containing bovine serum albumin, cholesterol, oleic acid, and palmitic acid in order to avoid the addition of horse serum. Growth was detected by measurement of A640 and by colony formation. The level of growth attained in this medium was less than that obtained in the horse serum-supplemented media, but colonies retained their distinctive morphology.
Importance of Cluster Structural Evolution in Using X-Ray and Sunyaev-Zeldovich Effect Galaxy Cluster Surveys to Study Dark Energy

We examine the prospects for measuring the dark energy equation-of-state parameter w within the context of the still uncertain redshift evolution of galaxy cluster structure. We show that for a particular X-ray survey (Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect [SZE] survey), the constraints on w degrade by roughly a factor of 3 (factor of 2) when one accounts for the possibility of nonstandard cluster evolution. With follow-up measurements of a cosmology-independent, masslike quantity it is possible to measure cluster evolution, improving constraints on cosmological parameters (such as w and ΩM). We examine scenarios in which 1%, 10%, and 100% of detected clusters are followed up, showing that even a modest follow-up program can enhance the final cosmological constraints. For the case of follow-up measurements on 1% of the cluster sample with an uncertainty of 30% on individual cluster masslike quantities, constraints on w are improved by a factor of 2-3. For the best-case scenario of a zero-curvature universe, these particular X-ray and SZE surveys can deliver uncertainties on w of ~4%-6%.
Methylobacterium mesophilicum cellulitis and lymphangitis following a dog bite

An 18-month-old boy was hospitalized with left hand cellulitis and lymphangitis following a dog bite that was contaminated with soil. Cultures grew pink colonies of Gram-negative bacilli identified as Methylobacterium mesophilicum .H e was treated with local debridement and intravenous ampicillin/sulbactam followed by oral amoxicillin/clavulanate with complete resolution of symptoms.
Deworming helminth co-infected individuals for delaying HIV disease progression.

BACKGROUND The HIV-1 pandemic has disproportionately affected individuals in resource-constrained settings where other infectious diseases, such as helminth infections, also are highly prevalent. There are biologically plausible reasons for possible effects of helminth infection in HIV-1-infected individuals, and findings from multiple studies suggest that helminth infection may adversely affect HIV-1 progression. Since initial publication of this review (Walson 2007), additional data from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) has become available. We sought to evaluate all currently available evidence to determine if treatment of helminth infection in HIV-1 co-infected individuals impacts HIV-1 progression. OBJECTIVES To determine if treating helminth infection in individuals with HIV-1 can reduce the progression of HIV-1 as determined by changes in CD4 count, viral load, or clinical disease progression. SEARCH STRATEGY In this 2008 update, we searched online for published and unpublished studies in The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, and AIDSEARCH. We also searched databases listing conference abstracts, scanned reference lists of articles, and contacted authors of included studies. SELECTION CRITERIA We searched for RCTs and quasi-RCTs that compared HIV-1 progression as measured by changes in CD4 count, viral load, or clinical disease progression in HIV-1 infected individuals receiving anti-helminthic therapy. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Data regarding changes in CD4 count, HIV-1 RNA levels, and/or clinical staging after treatment of helminth co-infection were extracted from identified studies. MAIN RESULTS Of 7,019 abstracts identified (6,384 from original searches plus 635 from updated searches), 17 abstracts were identified as meeting criteria for potential inclusion (15 from previous review plus an additional two RCTs). After restricting inclusion to RCTs, a total of three studies were eligible for inclusion in this updated review.All three trials showed individual beneficial effects of helminth eradication on markers of HIV-1 disease progression (HIV-1 RNA and/or CD4 counts). When data from these trials were pooled, the analysis demonstrated significant benefit of deworming on both plasma HIV-1 RNA and CD4 counts. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS To date, three RCTs have evaluated the effects of deworming on markers of HIV-1 disease progression in helminth and HIV-1 co-infected individuals. All trials demonstrate benefit in attenuating or reducing plasma viral load and/or increasing CD4 counts. When taken together, there is evidence of benefit for deworming HIV-1 co-infected adults. Given that these studies evaluated different helminth species and different interventions, further trials are warranted to evaluate species-specific effects and to document long-term clinical outcomes following deworming.
Urinary Tract Infection

Urinary tract infection, which is more common in infants and young children, is well known about the diagnosis and treatment. However, because of vague or various symptoms and signs in children, diagnosis may be sometimes delayed. When the urinary tract infection based on the clinical and laboratory examinations is diagnosed, more imaging studies are recommended to detect underlying urinary tract abnormalities. In children with repeated infections, imaging studies should check the presence and degree of renal damage. US is commonly selected for the initial imaging modality. But it cannot give enough information in every cases of urinary tract infection. So combined use of other imaging modalities (radionuclide scintigraphy, voiding cystourethrography, CT, MRI) may be needed.
Sensitive femtosecond coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy discrimination between dipicolinic acid and dinicotinic acid

We demonstrate that femtosecond ultraviolet and visible coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy provides the sensitivity and specificity needed to distinguish between two similar molecules of pyridinedicarboxylic acid. The Fourier transforms of the temporal measurements provide the energy difference between the ground state vibrational modes. Quantum chemical calculations provide theoretical predictions that agree well with the measurements. The present technique allows us to distinguish 10 cm−1 frequency shifts by using pulses ten times broader than the shifts.
Abstract P3-13-01: Delayed Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting in Asian Women with Breast Cancer

Background: Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) remain among the most frequently reported distressing side effects associated with a doxorubicin-based chemotherapy regimen, and it can significantly affect patients’ quality of life and compliance with therapy. Despite the significant advances in antiemetic management in preventing and controlling CINV, as many as 50% of patients still experience some degree of nausea and vomiting. The main risk factor for the degree of CINV is the emetogenic potential of the chemotherapeutic agents. However, several patient-related risk factors have been identified, including individuals’ genetic makeup. Although several studies have noted that ethnicity influences nausea and vomiting related to motion sickness, fluorescein dye, and pregnancy, no studies have evaluated the relationship between ethnicity and CINV; specifically, if there is a higher incidence of severe CINV in patients of Asian descent. Methods: A retrospective, comparative, correlational chart review was performed to abstract all relevant variables. The association between CINV and ethnicity was examined through chi square analysis. Results: Data from a convenience sample of 300 women with breast cancer who received chemotherapy that includes doxorubicin between 2004 and 2008 at City of Hope in Duarte, CA, were evaluated. The sample consisted of Caucasians (46.3%), African Americans (3.7%), Asians (24.0%), and Hispanics (26.0%). The results of this study indicate that Asian women with breast cancer undergoing treatment with chemotherapy that includes doxorubicin experienced statistically significantly more severe CINV (grade ≥ 2) than their non-Asian counterparts (X 2 = 10.601, p = .001). Conclusion: This study provides strong but preliminary evidence that Asian ethnicity plays a role in the development of severe CINV. When managing chemotherapy toxicities in women with breast cancer, healthcare providers are advised to optimize their patients’ outcomes by ensuring that therapy is tailored according to each patient9s individual risk profile. Consideration of the antiemetic therapy should accommodate patient characteristics, specifically being of Asian descent. In this way, effective prevention of CINV can be maximized during a patient9s initial treatment. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-13-01.
Stark mixing spectroscopy in cesium

Abstract We present a new technique for selectively populating excited states which are inaccessible by dipole excitation from the ground state. The method uses a static electric field to introduce a component of a dipole-allowed state into the state of interest. We have applied the method to cesium to measure lifetimes and a Stark mixing coefficient. The results are τ(6 2 D 5 2 )=64(2) ns , τ(7 2 D 5 2 )=92.5(15) ns , and 5 2 |;ez |72P 3 2 >/(E7P−E6D)=0.7(3)×10−3 where is in kV/cm. 141
A Raman spectroscopic study of complexes of thiocyanate at the silver electrode surface

Raman spectra of thiocyanate at the surface of a silver electrode and in a series of aqueous test solutions were compared. The results indicate that spectral variations can be correlated with changes in bonding stoichiometry at the electrode surface as a function of potential.
Recent Experiments Involving Few-Nucleon Systems

Recent experimental results are presented for reactions involving A = 3 to A = 6 nuclear systems. The emphasis is on unique data obtained at new experimental facilities. It is shown that the inertial confinement fusion facilities OMEGA and NIF provide a largely unexpected opportunity for experimental few-body physics to both obtain data of unprecedented quality and extend previous measurements to energies not accessible in the past. Whenever possible, data are compared to state-of-the-art theoretical calculations.
Relativistic Correlation Theory of the Electromagnetic Field in the Presence of Random Sources

Relativistic formulation is presented of the second-order classical coherence theory of the electromagnetic field in the presence of random sources. It is shown that the dynamics of the second-order correlation tensors may be reduced to a simpler form in terms of certain tensor potentials. The gauge transformations of these tensor potentials are considered. In particular, two gauges of special interest are found, analogous to the Lorentz gauge and the radiation gauge in Maxwell’s electromagnetic theory. Some interesting relations and conservation laws are presented.
Preoperative heart failure in the Medicare population undergoing mitral valve repair and replacement: an opportunity for improvement.

Background Elderly patients are under-represented in most surgical series of mitral valve surgery. The impact of preoperative heart failure (HF) on the outcomes of this subset has not been extensively studied. Methods and results The study included 45,082 Medicare beneficiaries who underwent primary isolated mitral valve repair (MVP) (n = 16,850) or replacement (MVR) (n = 28,232) from 2000 to 2009. Medicare claims from the year before and the year of the index hospitalization were reviewed for documentation of HF to examine the operative mortality and long-term survival of patients with and without preoperative HF. Preoperative HF was present in 52.5% and 64.8% of patients who underwent repair and replacement, respectively. Duration of HF greater than 3 months was present in a significant proportion of patients (18.2% for MVP and 22.7% for MVR). Adjusted operative mortality was higher for patients with preoperative HF (MVP odds ratio [OR], 1.46; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.21-1.78; MVR OR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.23-1.51). Patients without preoperative HF had better long-term survival (MVP hazard ratio [HR], 2.23 [95% CI, 2.09-2.36]; MVR HR, 1.80 [95% CI, 1.73-1.86]). After adjustment, a preoperative HF diagnosis was still associated with 52% and 36% increased risk of death over the 10-year follow-up period for patients who underwent MVP and MVR, respectively. Preoperative HF duration greater than 3 months conferred an excess 28% higher risk of death on long-term follow-up compared with patients with HF less than 3 months. Conclusions Preoperative HF is present in a large number of elderly patients undergoing primary isolated mitral valve surgery and adversely affects their short-term and long-term survival, irrespective of procedure type (repair or replacement). The study supports the early identification of elderly patients with mitral valve disease and referral to surgery before the onset of HF.
Experimental study of induced staggered magnetic fields in dysprosium gallium garnet (DDG)

Abstract Neutron diffraction techniques have been used to study induced staggered magnetic field effects in DGG. We find that the application of a uniform magnetic field at temperatures much greater than the Neel temperature induces a significant amount of antiferromagnetic order. The temperature and field dependences of this effect are in good agreement with recent theoretical predictions.
CNP optical metamaterials

Simulation results for optical metamaterials (MTMs) derived from active coated nano-particle (CNP) inclusions for operation in the visible range of the spectrum between 400nm and 700nm are presented. Several examples of optical MTMs designed with these inclusions are characterized, including two-dimensional (2D) CNP metafilms; three-dimensional (3D) periodic CNP arrays; and 3D random CNP distributions. The properties of these optical MTMs are explored using effective medium theories that are applicable to these inclusion configurations. The effective permittivities and refractive indexes of these optical MTMs are compared and contrasted to the scattering properties of their active CNP inclusions.
In vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of alcohol in rhesus monkey brain.

Brain alcohol was measured in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) following acute nasogastric alcohol administration (0.8 g/kg). Monkeys were anesthetized with ketamine and xylazine. A 1.5 T whole body imager and a 3-inch surface coil were used to acquire TE 30 and 270 ms spectra from a 7.5 cc voxel localized with a stimulated echo (STEAM) sequence. Venous blood samples were collected during spectral acquisitions for gas chromatographic determination of temporally concordant blood alcohol levels (BALs). Acute alcohol administration did not alter the resonance areas of N-acetylaspartate/N-acetyl containing compounds (NAA), choline containing compounds, or total creatine. The NAA resonance was used as an internal standard to calculate approximate brain alcohol concentrations, which averaged 27 ± 3% and 27 ± 8% of temporally concordant BALs (T2-corrected TE 30 and TE 270 ms spectra, respectively). In addition to reconfirming results from prior studies finding incomplete detection of brain alcohol with MRS, these results demonstrate the feasibility of measuring brain alcohol in anesthetized nonhuman primates to examine relationships between alcohol exposure history and MRS-visibility of brain alcohol.
Inclusion of predivision labeled nuclear RNA in post division nuclei in Amoeba proteus

Abstract Amoeba proteus were labeled for several generations with 3 H-5-uridine. Labeled amebae in mitosis were placed in 1 mg/ml of actinomycin D to inhibit all RNA synthesis during subsequent reconstitution of the daughter nuclei. Pairs of such daughter nuclei contained on the average 35% of the amount of radioactive RNA present in the predivision nucleus. Radioautographic observations with ameba show that little if any of the radioactive RNA is carried with the chromosomes through mitosis. The labeled RNA in daughter nuclei therefore is derived from RNA that was present in the cytoplasm during mitosis. This RNA could represent nuclear RNA released to the cytoplasm in prophase and/or RNA present in the cytoplasm before prophase.
Guy Debord, or The Revolutionary Without a Halo

OCTOBER 115, Winter 2006, pp. 39–45. © 2006 October Magazine, Ltd. and Massachusetts Institute of Technology. “Long taken for a nonentity, in other words passed over in silence, then taken for a brilliant if rowdy character of chilly arrogance, the chances are good that Guy Debord will purposely spare himself the third stage of embalming: that of being taken for a remarkable writer.”1 So wrote journalist and author Claude Roy in 1974 at the time of the release of Debord’s first feature-length film, The Society of the Spectacle, and at the time this appeared to be a rather reliable prediction. Debord was still thought of primarily as one of the founders and associates of the (recently defunct) collective enterprise known as the Situationist International, and as the author of the concise but dauntingly dense text upon which his film was based. His colleague Raoul Vaneigem tended to be considered the better writer, even if both were criticized for muffling their arguments “under [a] dense Hegelian wrapping.”2 The intervening thirty years, however, have provided ample evidence to contradict Roy’s confident forecast: it has, perhaps ironically, become a commonplace that Debord’s legacy is precisely that of a great author-essayist, a memoirist and moralist in a long line of classical French writers. If we were to date the arrival of this unanticipated reception of his work, we could do worse than to point to the year 1989 and the publication of his Panegyric, a slim volume of memoirs that was quickly and unexpectedly hailed by Philippe Sollers in the pages of Le Monde.3 Since that date Sollers has written a series of important articles on Debord for the French literary press, has aided in the publication of his works by the prestigious firm of Gallimard, and has even produced a television documentary on him; perhaps no single figure has played a greater role in defining Debord’s legacy for the reading public, at least in France. Sollers has been instrumental in consolidating Debord’s reputation as the author of a distinct and exemplary oeuvre: “Guy Debord’s style
Simultaneous sensing and actuation using piezoelectric materials

The possibility of using a single piezoelectric element simultaneously as both a structural actuator and collocated sensor is investigated. The coupled actuator and sensor equations for an arbitrary elastic structure with piezoelectric elements are developed using an assumed modes energy method. Examination of these equations suggests a simple implementation of collocated strain or strain rate sensing using a voltage driven piezoelectric element. The properties of such a collocated strain or strain rate sensor are presented. The general equations are applied to the case of a cantilevered beam with surface mounted piezoceramics. The theoretical derivations are validated experimentally on an actively controlled cantilevered beam test article with a single piezoelectric element used for collocated strain rate feedback.
A Model-Based Decomposition of the Sea Ice–Atmosphere Feedback over the Barents Sea during Winter

AbstractThe feedback between Barents Sea ice and the winter atmosphere was studied in a modeling framework by decomposing it into two sequential boundary forcing experiments. The Community Ice Code (CICE) model was initialized with anomalously high sea ice concentration (SIC) over the Barents Sea and forced with an atmosphere produced by positive SIC anomalies, and CICE was initialized with low Barents Sea SIC and forced with an atmosphere produced by negative SIC anomalies. Corresponding control runs were produced by exposing the same SIC initial conditions to climatological atmospheres, and the monthly mean sea ice response showed a positive feedback over the Barents Sea for both experiments: the atmosphere produced by positive SIC anomalies increased SIC over the Barents Sea during the winter, and the atmosphere produced by negative SIC anomalies decreased SIC. These positive feedbacks were driven primarily by thermodynamic forcing from surface longwave flux anomalies and were weakened somewhat by atmo...
Inviscid Model of the Formation of a Rotor Tip Vortex

The roll up of trailing vortex filaments shed from a finite-length rotor blade in hover has been computed and analyzed. It is shown that the formation of the tip vortex is a strong function of the aspect ratio of the blade, angle of attack, and number of blades. The amount of trailing circulation associated with the tip vortex develops downstream and approaches an asymptotic constant that is less than that the total amount of trailing circulation. The results for the vertical and horizontal velocity profiles downstream of the blade are compared with the results for an infinite blade and with the experimental results of McAlister et al. (McAlister, K., Tung, C., and Heineck, J. T., “Devices That Alter the Tip Vortex of a Rotor,” NASA TM-2001-209625, Aeroflightdynamics Directorate, TR-01-A-003, Feb. 2001). The velocity profiles across the tip vortex compare extremely well with experiment.
A server-based real-time privacy protection scheme against video surveillance by Unmanned Aerial Systems

Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) have raised a great concern on privacy recently. A practical method to protect privacy is needed for adopting UAS in civilian airspace. This paper examines the privacy policies, filtering strategies, existing techniques, then proposes a novel method based on the encrypted video stream and the cloud-based privacy servers. In this scheme, all video surveillance images are initially encrypted, then delivered to a privacy server. The privacy server decrypts the video using the shared key with the camera, and filters the image according to the privacy policy specified for the surveyed region. The sanitized video is delivered to the surveillance operator or anyone on the Internet who is authorized. In a larger system composed of multiple cameras and multiple privacy servers, the keys can be distributed using Kerberos protocol. With this method the privacy policy can be changed on demand in real-time and there is no need for a costly on-board processing unit. By utilizing the cloud-based servers, advanced image processing algorithms and new filtering algorithms can be applied immediately without upgrading the camera software. This method is cost-efficient and promotes video sharing among multiple subscribers, thus it can spur wide adoption.
Advanced training in community psychology: The role of training in community systems

In order to provide effective training opportunities in the community, goals for training must be clarified, appropriate training locations must be identified, and proper supervision must be provided. Issues such as advocacy roles, change agent objectives, public health approaches, and community control must be clarified. Training locations, other than community mental health centers, could include anti-poverty organizations, mental health administrative offices, departments of human services, or model city programs. An apprenticeship type of training should gradually lead to independent tasks by the trainee based on a continuing evaluation of his training progress by the trainer. A critique of the setting, the learning process, and the training experience is needed to plan for a more effective training program.
Mechanisms of photocatalytical degradation of monomethylarsonic and dimethylarsinic acids using nanocrystalline titanium dioxide.

Photodegradation mechanisms of monomethylarsonic acid (MMA) and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) with nanocrystalline titanium dioxide under UV irradiation were investigated. In the presence of UV irradiation and 0.02 g/L TiO2, 93% MMA (initial concentration is 10 mg-As/L) was transformed into inorganic arsenate, [As(V)], after 72 h of a batch reaction. The mineralization of DMA to As(V) occurred in two steps with MMA as an intermediate product. The photodegradation rate of MMA and DMA could be described using first-order kinetics, where the apparent rate constant is 0.033/h and 0.013/h for MMA and DMA, respectively. Radical scavengers, including superoxide dimutase (SOD), sodium bicarbonate, tert-butanol, and sodium azide, were used to study the photodegradation mechanisms of MMA and DMA. The results showed that hydroxyl radicals (HO•) was the primary reactive oxygen species for the photodegradation of MMA and DMA. The methyl groups in MMA and DMA were transformed into organic carbon, including formic acid and...
Electron dynamics at surfaces

Abstract The physics of electron dynamics at surfaces and interfaces encompasses a rich variety of processes ranging from electron scattering and diffusion to electron-hole recombination and surface state and defect trapping. This review includes an overview of many of these important interactions and a detailed discussion of the experimental approaches used to study them. Particular attention is given to the surface-sensitive technique of angle-resolved photoemission carried out with nanosecond, picosecond and femtosecond laser sources which have revealed new insights into the modes of dynamical electronic properties at surfaces. A range of experiments carried out on semiconductor and metal surfaces will be described.
Dispersion effects of laminar flow and spray chamber volume in capillary electrophoresis–inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry: a numerical and experimental approach

Band broadening related to laminar flow and spray chamber dead volume is a potential problem in flow injection (FI)-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). We studied these two dispersion effects with a sheath flow capillary electrophoresis (CE)-ICP-MS interface. A numerical model was used to simulate advection diffusion processes in the CE-capillary and dispersion in the spray chamber. Experimental results of FI with this CE-ICP-MS interface agree well with numerical modeling results. Dispersion due to laminar flow depends strongly on capillary diameter and analyte diffusion coefficient and to a lesser extent on laminar velocity and capillary length and typically amounts to one order of magnitude peak width increase. Three spray chambers of 5, 20 and 150 ml dead volume showed an increase in band broadening and peak tailing with increasing dead volume. The use of standard Scott-type spray chambers (>90 ml volume) increases peak widths by 5-10 s regardless of injection time. The use of a low dead volume spray chamber is recommended for experiments where resolution is critical. The modeling approach can be extended to the coupling of other flow injection techniques, like micro-LC and nano-LC with ICP-MS.
A 54-Kilodalton Protein Encoded by pBtoxis Is Required for Parasporal Body Structural Integrity in Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis

Strains of Bacillus thuringiensis such as B. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (ONR-60A) and B. thuringiensis subsp. morrisoni (PG-14) pathogenic for mosquito larvae produce a complex parasporal body consisting of several protein endotoxins synthesized during sporulation that form an aggregate of crystalline inclusions bound together by a multilamellar fibrous matrix. Most studies of these strains focus on the molecular biology of the endotoxins, and although it is known that parasporal body structural integrity is important to achieving high toxicity, virtually nothing is known about the matrix that binds the toxin inclusions together. In the present study, we undertook a proteomic analysis of this matrix to identify proteins that potentially mediate assembly and stability of the parasporal body. In addition to fragments of their known major toxins, namely, Cry4Aa, Cry4Ba, Cry11Aa, and Cyt1Aa, we identified peptides with 100% identity to regions of Bt152, a protein coded for by pBtoxis of B. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis, the plasmid that encodes all endotoxins of this subspecies. As it is known that the Bt152 gene is expressed in B. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis, we disrupted its function and showed that inactivation destabilized the parasporal body matrix and, concomitantly, inclusion aggregation. Using fluorescence microscopy, we further demonstrate that Bt152 localizes to the parasporal body in both strains, is absent in other structural or soluble components of the cell, including the endospore and cytoplasm, and in ligand blots binds to purified multilamellar fibrous matrix. Together, the data show that Bt152 is essential for stability of the parasporal body of these strains.
Using the Science Writing Heuristic to Improve Undergraduate Writing in Biology

Our objective was to investigate the impact of the Science Writing Heuristic (SWH) on undergraduates’ ability to express logical conclusions and include appropriate evidence in formal writing assignments. Students in three laboratory sections were randomly allocated to the SWH treatment (n = 51 students) with another three sections serving as a control (n = 47 students). All sections received an identical formal writing assignment to report results of laboratory activities. Four blinded raters used a 6-point rating scheme to evaluate the quality of students’ writing performance. Raters’ independent scoring agreement was evaluated using Cronbach's α. Paper scores were compared using a t-test, then papers were combined into low-scoring (3.5 of 6 points) or high-scoring (>3.5 of 6 points) sets and SWH and control cohorts were compared using Pearson's chi-square test. Papers from the SWH cohort were significantly (P = 0.02) more likely to receive a high score than those from the control cohort. Overall scores...
The Power of Living the Writerly Life: A Group Model for Women Writers

Flourishing as a tenure-track faculty member in academia is no small feat. Best practices in writing are often neglected as faculty struggle to balance competing demands on their time. For women wh...
Characterization of Semisolid Fats and Edible Oils by Fourier Transform Infrared Photoacoustic Spectroscopy

The potential of Fourier transform infrared photoacoustic spectroscopy (FTIR-PAS) for the analysis of semisolid fat and edible oil was demonstrated with butter, soybean oil, and lard as representative materials. Results of Fourier transform infrared attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR) spectroscopy analysis was compared with FTIR-PAS results. The PAS technique is simple and requires no sample preparation unlike ATR. Optimal PAS instrumental parameters for obtaining quality spectra are a scanning speed of 5 kHz, number of scans of 256 scans/sample, and a resolution of 4 cm−1. The PAS spectra of soybean oil and lard are similar because they have similar functional groups. Results for soybean oil compare well with those available in the literature. The ATR spectra of butter were better than those from its PAS counterpart. Functional groups corresponding to vibration mode and intensity are provided for soybean oil and lard.
EFFECT OF SAND PARTICLE SIZE, OIL CONTAMINATION, AND WATER TABLE LEVEL ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SORBENTS IN WICKING OIL FROM CONTAMINATED WETLAND

ABSTRACT Oil spill cleanup in wetlands is problematic because of the limited remediation techniques that can be applied in such environments. The use of sorbents to clean up oil spills presents many advantages due to simplicity of approach and the inexpensive nature of these materials. Furthermore, sorbents can be used not only as wicking agents but also as microbial media that mediate hydrocarbon biodegradation. Once a sorbent is applied to an impacted wetland, it absorbs the contaminating oil. It retains the oil for a sufficient length of time to allow biodegradation of hydrocarbons by indigenous bacteria under aerobic conditions. In addition, plant-derived organic sorbents are biodegradable, thus leaving no permanent residue. Ammoniated bagasse is one of the biodegradable organic sorbents that contain nitrogen as a nutrient needed to support the activity of oil degrading bacteria. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of sorbents in wicking oil from the subsurface of oil-contaminated sediments ...
ULTRAVIOLET SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF TELLURIUM.

An ultraviolet spectrophotometric method for the determination of tellurium is proposed which is based on the formation of tetrakis-1-pyrrolidinecarbodithioate tellurium(IV) which is extractable with chloroform. Conformity to Beer's law was observed. The molar absorptivity at 257 nm is 8.12 · 104 1. mole−1, cm−1.
Synthesis and Characterization of Quaternary Sulfides with ThCr2Si2-Type Structure: KCo2−xCuxS2(0.5 ≤x≤ 1.5) andACoCuS2(A= K, Rb, Cs)

Synthesis, electrical, and magnetic properties of new quaternary alkali metal mixed-transition metal sulfides [ACoCuS{sub 2} (A = K, Rb, Cs) and KCo{sub 2-x}Cu{sub x}S{sub 2} (0.5 {le} x {le} 1.5)] are reported. The synthesis was accomplished by sulfurization of a mixture of corresponding alkali metal carbonate and copper and cobalt oxides. All of the phases form in the tetragonal ThCr{sub 2}Si{sub 2}-type structure in space group I4/mmm. The electrical resistivity measurements show that the new phases are semiconducting, with room temperature resistivities {sub {rho}RT} {approximately} 10{sup -2} {Omega} {center_dot} cm; KCo{sub 0.5}Cu{sub 1.5}S{sub 2} is metallic with a metal-to-nonmetal transition at {approximately} 120 K. Seebeck measurements indicate that the majority of charge carriers are holes. The temperatures dependence of magnetic susceptibility shows an anomalous transition to the ferromagnetic state in the ACoCuS{sub 2} phases. The electrical and magnetic properties of the new quaternary phases are compared with those of ternary ACo{sub 2}S{sub 2} (A = K, Rb, Cs).
Pressure Field and Main-Stream Gas Ingestion in a Rotor-Stator Disk Cavity

The time-average and unsteady static pressure fields, and the velocity field were measured in a rotor-stator disk cavity and its main-stream gas path. Ingestion of main gas into the disk cavity was also measured. Some CFD simulations were performed. The time-average static pressure was circumferentially periodic (following the vane pitch) in the main-stream gas path and circumferentially uniform in the cavity. The unsteady pressure in the stationary frame of reference was periodic, following the passing of rotor blades, both in the main gas path and in the disk cavity. In the main gas path, the circumferential asymmetry amplitude of the time-average static pressure and the pressure unsteadiness amplitude were of the same order of magnitude. Steady CFD simulations were unable to predict ingestion in the cases where ingestion was detected by tracer gas measurement. It appears that simulations will need to be unsteady as well as three-dimensional to be able to predict ingestion correctly.© 2001 ASME