cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Secularization of Public Administration

At issue is the method used to define values in the discipline. For example, when we discuss ethics, we base our inquiry on "regime values" and ignore the broader established literature concerning the "common spiritual values of mankind. " Like much of western culture, secularization as a value strongly influences public administration. This article examines the history of values in public administration research and questions secularization with its removal of linkage between spiritual wisdom and public values. Research in public administration evolved from a valueneutral basis immortalized in Woodrow Wilson's political/administrative dichotomy, to a logical positivism basis advanced by Herbert Simon, to a call for the return to value-based traditions. Recent research in the field, including research on ethics for public administrators, has acknowledged that values do play an integral role and that the value-free neutrality approach was invalid. This article makes the case that public administration should not narrow its choice of values to only secularization but should use the full range of human inquiry available to us, including the various Holy Scriptures from not only the Jewish and Christian traditions but other traditions as well, such as the Hindu, Buddhist, and Islamic. The excitement and meaning of our very existence-indeed. the future of life itself on this planet-is linked to the administrative process. Theory, values and practice are inexorably interwoven and enmeshed. It is this complex net which is the center of attention in the study of public administration. (Simmons and Dvorin 1977, 3-4) In their book Public Administration Values, Policy, and Change (1977), Robert Simmons and Eugene Dvorin make a strong argument (as noted above) for the importance that values play in public administration. They note the existence of a 473/Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory Much of this article flows from two sets of activitiesfirst, from the editing of a collection of chapters addressing philosophy and public administration. Some of the ideas in the article reflect those draft articles-an example is the draft chapter by Lance deHaven-Smith. Second, from a speech given at a joint conference of the Institute of Canadian Public Administration and the American Society for Public Administration, held in 1995 in Toronto, and from a paper presented at the Ninth National Symposium on Public Administration Theory, which was held in 1996 in Savannah, Georgia. J-PART 7(1997): 3:473-487 This content downloaded from 207.46.13.71 on Sat, 22 Oct 2016 06:07:35 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms
Nondestructive Testing of Composite Materials by OTDR in Imbedded Optical Fibers

Optical fiber waveguide imbedded between plys of graphite-epoxy composite materials is used to determine the dynamic three-dimensional strain within the materials by OTDR and subsequent signal processing. This paper describes methods used for imbedding optical fiber within composites, results of the fiber measurements of internal strain location, and inherent limitations on the spatial, temporal, and strain amplitude domain resolutions of the technique.
Reexamination of Cloud-Top Temperatures Used as Criteria for Stratification of Cloud Seeding Effects in Experiments on Winter Orographic Clouds.

Abstract A reexamination of cloud-top temperatures used in the evaluation of winter orographic cloud seeding experiments is made. Cloud-top temperatures derived from rawinsonde data are found to be typically about 20°C too warm during daytime in the years 1965–72, and larger errors existed in prior years. From these findings it is concluded that temperature stratifications of seeding effects and the resulting conclusions in several studies are inappropriate.
Effects of phenylbutazone and oxyphenbutazone on acidic drug detection in high performance thin layer chromatographic systems

Interference or "masking" in thin layer chromatography occurs when the presence of one drug on a thin layer plate physically obscures or interferes with the detection of another drug. We investigated the ability of phenylbutazone and oxyphenbutazone to mask or interfere with the detection of acidic drugs of high performance thin layer chromatography. Of 20 acidic drugs called "positive" since 1981 by laboratories affiliated with the Association of Official Racing Chemists, 16 did not comigrate with phenylbutazone or oxyphenbutazone and could not, therefore, be masked by these agents. Three medications (diclofenac, fenoprofen, ibuprofen) were potentially masked by phenylbutazone and one (sulindac) was potentially masked by oxyphenbutazone. These agents were therefore administered to horses to determine whether or not their metabolites would allow their detection. In each case, metabolites of these agents were detectable for at least 24 hr after drug administration and detection was not interfered with by phenylbutazone or oxyphenbutazone. These results suggest that these 20 acidic drugs should be readily detectable in postrace urines of horses in the presence of phenylbutazone either as the parent drug or by virtue of the easily distinguishable metabolites that each agent possesses. There is, therefore, no reason to believe that the agents tested in this study can be effectively masked or interfered with by phenylbutazone or its metabolites in equine urine.
Vestibular compensation: tonic spinal influence upon spontaneous descending vestibular nuclear activity.

Abstract Guinea-pigs were used to study plastic changes of the nervous system associated with spinal decompensation (postural asymmetry). This phenomenon is elicited by a lesion or blockade to the spinal cord of an animal that has compensated to a unilateral vestibular neurectomy. Spinal preparations of compensated animals were monitored for the return of spinal reflex activity and then given a postbrachial spinal transection or a lumbar plexus blockade with 2% xylocaine. No decompensation asymmetry was measureable in passive resistance to stretch or in ongoing forelimb extensor and neck electromyographic activity. In other experiments integrated multiunit activity of the vestibular nuclei of ‘intact’ and ‘compensated’ animals was measured to determine the effects of cool blocks performed at spinal T-7. For a given locus, the net multiunit activity of the vestibular nuclei either did not change, decreased or increased in response to the T-7 cold block. In the 31 loci studied that proved to be in the descending vestibular nuclei (14 loci in 5 ‘intact’, and 17 loci in 5 ‘compensated’ animals), the mean response (to the block at T-7) in the descending vestibular nuclei of ‘intact’ animals was a 0.3% increase in spontaneous activity, while in the ‘compensated’ animals there was a mean 27.7% decrease in activity. This difference is statistically highly significant. Three mechanisms are proposed to account for this result and it is concluded that compensatory changes confined to the spinal cord are unlilely to account for body postural decompensation. Vestibular compensation involves the establishment of a tonic facilitatory influence of the spinal cord upon the descending vestibular nucleus ipsilateral to a vestibular neurectomy.
Potential sources of error in the use of peritoneal lavage as a diagnostic tool

Peritoneal lavage has been found to be of value in the early diagnosis of intraperitoneal injury, and has been of particular help in cases of multiple trauma, or when the patient is unable to cooperate with the examiner. There are, however, several potential sources of error which may lead to unnecessary laparotomy. A series of trauma patients who were seen in the University of Virginia Emergency Department and underwent peritoneal lavage is presented. Of the 48 patients in this study, 5% had false positive lavage (ie, no intraperitoneal injury at the time of exploration). Of the 28 who had a negative lavage, none required exploration during the period of observation. Potential and real sources of misinterpretation, particularly with regard to false positive results, are presented. Methods of avoiding this occurrence are also discussed.
Nanostructuring Platinum Nanoparticles on Multilayered Graphene Petal Nanosheets for Electrochemical Biosensing

Hybridization of nanoscale metals and carbon nanotubes into composite nanomaterials has produced some of the best-performing sensors to date. The challenge remains to develop scalable nanofabrication methods that are amenable to the development of sensors with broad sensing ranges. A scalable nanostructured biosensor based on multilayered graphene petal nanosheets (MGPNs), Pt nanoparticles, and a biorecognition element (glucose oxidase) is presented. The combination of zero-dimensional nanoparticles on a two-dimensional support that is arrayed in the third dimension creates a sensor platform with exceptional characteristics. The versatility of the biosensor platform is demonstrated by altering biosensor performance (i.e., sensitivity, detection limit, and linear sensing range) through changing the size, density, and morphology of electrodeposited Pt nanoparticles on the MGPNs. This work enables a robust sensor design that demonstrates exceptional performance with enhanced glucose sensitivity (0.3 µM detection limit, 0.01–50 mM linear sensing range), a long stable shelf-life (>1 month), and a high selectivity over electroactive, interfering species commonly found in human serum samples.
Experimental analysis of wave propagation in periodic grid-like structures

This work presents the experimental investigations of wave propagation in two-dimensional (2D) periodic lattice structures. Periodic structures in general feature unique wave propagation characteristics, whereby waves are allowed to propagate only in specific frequency bands, while they are attenuated at frequencies belonging to the so-called "band gap". This behavior makes periodic structures attractive candidates as passive vibration isolators. The band-gap characteristics of a rectangular lattice are here investigated. An optimized configuration is found through a numerical model previously developed and presented. An aluminum specimen is manufactured by machining, and tested for validation and demonstration purposes. The wave field in the lattice is generated by a point harmonic excitation at various frequencies, and it is measured through a Scanning Laser Vibrometer. The objective of the tests is the validation of the numerical model and the demonstration of the unique filtering properties of the considered structural assembly.© (2005) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Aging-associated oxidative stress leads to decrease in IAS tone via RhoA/ROCK downregulation

Internal anal sphincter (IAS) tone plays an important role in rectoanal incontinence (RI). IAS tone may be compromised during aging, leading to RI in certain patients. We examined the influence of ...
Who plays? Who pays?: education finance policy that supplants tax burdens along lines of race and class

Many Chicagoans are getting shortchanged, particularly when it comes to money exchange between the Illinois Lottery (IL) and Illinois State Board of Education (ISBE). A significant portion of lottery sales is earmarked for education in Illinois. Because these revenues are not generated equally, however, some contribute more to education via the lottery than others. When this money is distributed in a way that transfers it from one community to another, one community’s fiscal gain comes at another’s expense. So the question stands: Who plays and who pays? To answer this question, I use the city of Chicago as a case study to simultaneously compare the generation and appropriation of lottery revenues. What I found was that this exchange is inherently organized along lines of race and class. Lottery revenues disproportionately come from communities comprised predominantly by people of color and the working class, and then are redistributed across all communities through education finance. When fiscal policy o...
Effects of grain size on dynamic yielding in explosively loaded mild steel

Abstract The effect on the Hugoniot elastic wave amplitude of varying the grain size by about an order of magnitude has been investigated with plane wave explosive loading experiments on SAE 1018 mild steel. The average grain diameter was varied in steps from 9.4 to 70.3 × 10 −3 mm by annealing heat treatments. In agreement with commonly observed behavior, the upper and lower yield stresses obtained from quasistatic tensile tests were found to depend markedly on grain size; this served to standardize the material. Specimens in the form of right circular disks 19.05 mm-thick were loaded in a state of uniaxial strain by an explosive plane wave generator in contact with one of their faces. The resulting stress-time wave profile was observed at the opposite face with Sandia quartz gage instrumentation. Within experimental error there was no measurable effect of grain size on the Hugoniot elastic wave amplitude which was found to be 1190 ± 30 N/mm 2 . The observed lack of dependence of the Hugoniot elastic wave amplitude upon grain size, as contrasted with quasi-static results, is analyzed in terms of dislocation dynamics. It is concluded, for dynamic yielding and initiation of plastic flow under shock loading, that dislocations do not move sufficient distances to interact significantly with grain boundaries.
The impact of education policy on economic development: Quantity, quality and earnings of labor

Abstract Education policy is viewed as affecting the content, and hence production functions, of different types of training and skill-formation. The relationship between skill type and level of education is considered. Optimal investment requires equating rates of return on the extensive and intensive margins, making endogenous the trade-offs between quantity and quality for each skill type. Selected education production functions are discussed with respect to implications for the distribution and levels of different skills and for skill-related earnings differentials. Equality of educational opportunity increases skill levels, upgrades the occupational structure and reduces relative earnings differentials.
Laser-Doppler-Velocimetry Measurements in a Cascade of Compressor Blades at Stall

Compressor stall was simulated in the Low-Speed Cascade Wind Tunnel at the Turbopropulsion Laboratory of the Naval Postgraduate School. The test blades were of controlled-diffusion design with a solidity of 1.67, and stalling occurred at 10 deg of incidence above the design inlet air angle. All measurements were taken at a flow Reynolds number, based on chord length, of 700,000. Laser-sheet flow visualization techniques showed that the stalling process was unsteady and occurred over the whole cascade. Detailed laser-Doppler-velocimetry measurements over the suction side of the blades showed regions of continuous and intermittent reverse flow. The measurements of the continuous reverse flow region at the leading edge were the first data of their kind in the leading edge separation bubble. The regions of intermittent reverse flow, measured with laser-Doppler velocimeter, corresponded to the flow visualization studies. Blade surface pressure measurements showed a decrease in normal force on the blade, as would be expected at stall. Data are presented in a form that characterizes the unsteady positive and negative velocities about their mean, for both the continuous reverse flow regions and the intermittent reverse flow regions.
Field Termination of Egg Diapause in Diabrotica with New Evidence of Extended Diapause in D. barberi (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

Eggs of the northern corn rootworm (NCR), Diabrotica barberi Smith and Lawrence, and the western corn rootworm (WCR), Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, were placed in a soil pit outdoors at Brookings, S.D., in September (1982 for WCR, 1982 and 1983 for NCR) and removed from the pit at 20-day intervals through the winter to determine the pattern of termination of diapause under field conditions. Control eggs and eggs removed from the field were held in the laboratory at 25°C. With the WCR the percentage of egg hatch was the same whether the eggs had been incubated at 25°C in the laboratory or had been in the field for varying parts of the winter. A small percentage (<7%) of NCR eggs hatched without exposure to field conditions; hatch increased with increasing time in the field until midwinter, after which hatch was inconsistent. Some eggs underwent extended diapause. That is, following one winter in the field they did not hatch during 7 months at 25°C, but did hatch after a subsequent 4 months of chill. The occurrence of extended diapause has implications for the management of this pest.
POPULATION REGULATION AND POPULATION INERTIA

Regulation is defined as the return of a population to equilibrium density. An operational definition of regulation is convergence to a single density by subpopulations which have been manipulated previously to different densities. The equilibrium density may be fixed or variable. If the equilibrium is variable then regulation may produce instability (numerical inconstancy) and non-density-dependence. Population inertia is the tendency for a population to resist changes away from its current density. If speed of regulation is defined as Isi, the speed of convergence to equilibrium, then inertia is 1/IsI. The evolution of mechanisms of inertia involves changes in the demographic functions, mediated through physiology or behavior, which keep the rate of numerical change low. It is not clear if populations are control systems or non-control systems, which makes the convergence experiment difficult to interpret the- oretically. Experiments and observations are needed which will try to distinguish, among stable populations, between those with tight regulation and those with high inertia. In this note, I examine the concept of regula- tion, and I compare ways in which a population may maintain a rather constant density. Regula- tion may sometimes be the most important pro- cess, but in some circumstances, what I call in- ertia will be of prime importance. I assume that some stable populations exist, though it seems
The Influence of Propylene Glycol on pH of the Gastrointestinal Tract and the Incidence of Leg Abnormalities in Broiler Chicks

Abstract PREVIOUS reports from this laboratory (Bowen and Waldroup, 1968; Waldroup and Bowen, 1968) have indicated that propylene glycol (1, 2-dihy-droxy propane) may be included as a synthetic energy source in broiler diets at levels up to 5 percent. Higher levels resulted in decreased growth rate, diarrhea and the development of a leg deformity characterized by an outward curling of the toes along with a perosis-like hock disorder. This condition is similar to that reported by Rutter et al. (1953) for chicks fed diets high in lactose. Since propylene glycol has been reported to be metabolized to lactic acid in the rat (Rudney, 1950; Miller et al., 1953), it is possible that some common metabolite may be responsible for this condition. The objectives of the trials reported herein were to determine if the inclusion of propylene glycol in the diet of broiler chicks would alter the pH of the digestive tract…
Calcium antagonist binding sites in failing and nonfailing human ventricular myocardium.

Studies in myopathie hamsters have described an increase in calcium antagonist binding sites, which is presumably associated with an increase in the number of calcium channels. Such an abnormality might predispose the heart to further myocardial damage from calcium overload. We tested the hypothesis that calcium antagonist binding sites are increased in human idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy by examining [3H]PN 200 − 110 and [3H]nitrendipine binding in membranes prepared from nonfailing controls and severely failing ventricles with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Despite the fact that β receptor density was decreased by 50% in failing hearts (iodocyanopindolol Bmax 84.4 ± 8.9 fmol/mg protein in nonfailing hearts vs 42.9 ± 3.2 fmol/mg in failing hearts, P < 0.01), dihydropyridine calcium antagonist binding sites were not reduced significantly by heart failure. Maximum binding of [3H]PN 200 − 110 was 92.9 ± 19.4 fmol/mg protein in membranes derived from failing ventricles, and 93.5 ± 17.4 fmol/mg in membranes derived from nonfailing ventricles (P = NS); values for [3H]nitrendipine maximum binding were similar to those for [3H]PN 200 − 110 and also were not reduced significantly in failing ventricles. Additionally, the dissociation constants (Kspd) for [3H]nitrendipine and [3H]PN 200 − 110 were not significantly different in failing and nonfailing heart. We conclude that dihydropyridine calcium antagonist binding sites are not altered significantly in the failing human left ventricle with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy.
A Note on the First Born Approximation in Collisions of Electron with Helium

2} +exp{ - (r:;I/ao) 1'1 - (dao) 1'2} is used. It is found that the theoretical results are quite sensitive to the values of the parameters ( and (I and with suitable choices of ( and (I we obtain considerable improvements within the first Born approximation.
Composite graft with coronary button reimplantation: Procedure of choice for aortic root replacement

Reconstitution of coronary flow in aortic root replacement has generally been accomplished by (1) the Bentall (inclusion) technique, (2) the Cabrol (graft) technique, or (3) the direct reimplantation of coronary artery buttons (button technique). The inclusion and graft techniques have at times required supplementation by a Cabrol fistula from the peri-graft space to the right atrium for control of bleeding. Our experience over an 8-year period comprises 33 composite graft replacements of the aortic root (24 male, 9 female, ages 16–79). Twenty-seven patients had aneurysm (annuloaortic ectasia), 5 had acute dissection, and 1 had advanced endocarditis. The Bentall technique was used in 7 patients, the graft technique in 7, and the button technique in 19. Five were reoperations and in an additional 5 patients, therapeutic coronary bypass or valve replacement needed to be performed. Hospital mortality was 4/33 (12.1%). Actuarial overall survival 1 year after the operation was 84.8%. Complications related to aortic root replacement occurred only in patients not operated with the button technique and included persistence of the Cabrol fistula requiring reexploration in a patient done by the graft technique, saphenous vein graft stenosis in a patient done by the graft technique, and postoperative bleeding in 3 patients done with the Bentall (2 patients) and the graft (1 patient) technique. In late follow-up, survival free of complications related to the aortic replacement was 94.7% in patients done with the button technique and 57.1% in patients done with the other techniques (p<0.02). This early and late technical experience suggests that the button technique is effective and obviates problems inherent in other procedures (bleeding in Bentall, stenosis in the graft technique, and persistent aortic-to-right atrial fistula with the Cabrol shunt). As no foreign material or saphenous graft is required in the direct button anastomosis, it is expected that the good early results will be durable in the long term. We have adopted the button technique as the procedure of choice for coronary reconstitution in composite graft replacement of the aortic root.
Weight Gain and Glucose Dysregulation with Second-Generation Antipsychotics and Antidepressants: A Review for Primary Care Physicians

Second-generation antipsychotics (SGAPs) and second-generation antidepressants (SGADs) have multiple US Food and Drug Administration-approved indications and are frequently prescribed by primary care physicians. We review the relative potential of these drugs to cause weight gain and glucose dysregulation, and offer clinical guidance to minimize and manage this risk. Among SGAPs, clozapine and olanzapine have a high risk for causing weight gain and glucose dysregulation; iloperidone, paliperidone, quetiapine, and risperidone have a medium risk; and aripiprazole, asenapine, lurasidone, and ziprasidone have a low risk. Young, drug-naive patients are particularly vulnerable to weight gain associated with SGAPs. With the exception of clozapine, SGAPs have modest differences in their efficacy; however, their side effect profiles may influence selection. Using SGAPs with high metabolic liability conservatively and limiting their off-label use are important means to minimize risk. Patients should be screened before initiating any SGAP (or any antipsychotic medication) and monitored subsequently following standard guidelines, such as those provided by the American Diabetes Association. Healthy lifestyle counseling should be offered to all patients. Patients showing evidence of significant weight gain should be switched to an SGAP with a lower metabolic liability. Metformin may have some utility in young patients with limited exposure to antipsychotic drugs if lifestyle interventions fail and switching the SGAP is not an option. This option should be tried sooner than later for the best possible result. For SGADs, paroxetine and mirtazapine are associated with weight gain, and bupropion may cause modest weight loss. Other SGADs are mostly weight neutral, but individual variations may occur. Depression is associated with weight change and is a risk factor for glucose dysregulation. Treatment of depression improves glucose metabolism. We recommend that all patients taking SGADs be screened using anthropometric measures and metabolic assessment at baseline. Monitoring should be guided individually based on weight gain and other risk factors.
Estimation of neutron dose equivalent at the mezzanine of the Advanced Light Source and the laboratory boundary using the ORNL program MORSE.

To investigate the radiation effect of neutrons near the Advanced Light Source (ALS) at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory (LBL) with respect to the neutron dose equivalents in nearby occupied areas and at the site boundary, the neutron transport code MORSE, from Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), was used. These dose equivalents result from both skyshine neutrons transported by air scattering and direct neutrons penetrating the shielding. The ALS neutron sources are a 50-MeV linear accelerator and its transfer line, a 1.5-GeV booster, a beam extraction line, and a 1.9-GeV storage ring. The most conservative total occupational-dose-equivalent rate in the center of the ALS mezzanine, 39 m from the ALS center, was found to be 1.14 X 10(-3) Sv y-1 per 2000-h occupational year, and the total environmental-dose-equivalent rate at the ALS boundary, 125 m from the ALS center, was found to be 3.02 X 10(-4) Sv y-1 per 8760-h calendar year. More realistic dose-equivalent rates, using the nominal (expected) storage-ring current, were calculated to be 1.0 X 10(-4) Sv y-1 and 2.65 X 10(-5) Sv y-1 occupational year and calendar year, respectively, which are much lower than the DOE reporting levels.
The Geochemical Behavior of Aluminum in Acidified Surface Waters

Speciation calculations for aluminum, in water samples taken from a drainage basin containing acid mine waters, demonstrate a distinct transition from conservative behavior for pH below 4.6 to nonconservative behavior for pH above 4.9. This transition corresponds to the pK for the first hydrolysis constant of the aqueous aluminum ion and appears to be a consistent phenomenon independent of field location, ionic strength, and sulfate concentration. Nonconservative behavior is closely correlated with the equilibrium solubility of a microcrystalline gibbsite or amorphous aluminum hydroxide.
Preferential oxidation of CO under excess H2 conditions over Ru catalysts

Abstract The preferential oxidation of CO in the presence of excess H2 (PROX reaction) has been examined over SiO2- and Al2O3-supported Ru catalysts. The effects of various parameters (pretreatment conditions, nature of support and precursor) on catalyst structure and performance were investigated through the use of O2 chemisorption, HRTEM, FTIR, and kinetic measurements. The combination of a direct hydrogen treatment and use of a nitrate precursor results in the synthesis of finely dispersed Ru catalysts capable of completely eliminating CO in the temperature range of 120–150 °C for Ru/SiO2 and 160–180 °C for Ru/Al2O3 at a space velocity of 120 000 mL/g h. Addition of 10% H2O essentially has no effect on the CO oxidation over Ru/SiO2, while a relatively small effect (negative below 180 °C and positive above 200 °C) is observed with Ru/Al2O3. In contrast, the addition of 15% CO2 suppresses the CO oxidation over both catalysts at the high temperature end, with the effect being more pronounced over the SiO2-supported sample. Both effects can be attributed to the onset of the forward and reverse water gas shift reactions. Overall, in the presence of both H2O and CO2 the H2O effect dominates, due to the high value of the water gas shift equilibrium constant at these temperatures.
Enrollment and attendance in a parent training prevention program for conduct problems.

Low levels of enrollment and attendance in parent training programs present major problems for researchers and clinicians. The literature on enrollment and attendance in prevention programs is especially limited, and these constructs may be particularly difficult to address in this context. Further, most previous research has not made the distinction between enrollment and attendance. This study describes predictors of enrollment and attendance in a behavioral parent training program intended to prevent conduct problems in preschoolers. Information was gathered from 106 preschoolers, their parents, and their teachers. Parent socioeconomic status (SES), single parent status, ethnicity, child externalizing behavior, parent depressive symptoms, and parent social support were investigated as possible predictors of families’ enrollment and attendance. Only 48% of the families that had already provided informed consent and completed demographic questionnaires actually enrolled in the parent training program; parents with lower incomes and lower levels of social support were less likely to enroll. In addition, African-American and Puerto Rican families were less likely to enroll than Caucasian families. The average attendance rate for enrolled parents was 61%; dual parents and parents with children evidencing externalizing behavior problems attended more parent training sessions. Parent depression was not associated with enrollment or attendance. Significant relationships were maintained when controlling for other predictors including SES and when accounting for center-level variance. In addition, three distinct patterns of attendance were observed, which may have practical implications related to retention strategies.
Internal and External Validity of Scores on the Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding and the Paulhus Deception Scales

The internal and external validity of scores on the two-scale Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding (BIDR) and its recent revision, the Paulhus Deception Scales (PDS), developed to measure two facets of social desirability, were studied with three groups of forensic clients and two groups of college undergraduates (total N = 519). The two scales were statistically significantly related in all groups and for both versions of the inventory. A two-factor congeneric, orthogonal measurement model was rejected for all groups. However, a two-factor model that allowed cross-loadings among the items and correlation between the factors provided adequate fit. Concurrent validity data showed scores on both the Impression Management and Self-Deceptive Enhancement (SDE) scales to be satisfactory measures of their respective constructs and also of general social desirability, for both forensic clients and undergraduates. An exception was found in lower validity correlates for scores on the SDE scale in the PDS form.
USDA yield grades and various carcass traits as predictors of carcass composition.

Twenty-five carcasses from each of three breedtypes (Brahman, Angus and Brahman × Angus) were physically separated into fat, lean and bone. Several muscles from the round and the femur were used to derive equations to predict carcass composition and muscle-to-bone ratio. The femur (as a percentage of the carcass) was shown to predict percentage carcass bone with 90% accuracy. All of the muscles studied were highly related to total carcass lean but the percentage of carcass as M. biceps femoris was the best single muscle indicator of carcass lean of the muscles studied. More variation in carcass lean could be accounted for by a multiple regression equation, involving all four muscles studied, than by any single muscle. M. biceps femoris-to-femur ratio was found to predict carcass muscle-to-bone ratio with a high degree of accuracy. The USDA yield grades were found to be reliable indicators of carcass composition. A two-variable equation involving adjusted fat thickness and biceps femoris accounted for 88·6% of the variation (RSD = 1/·64) in percentage of carcass as separable lean.
Energy transfer from vanadate to rare‐earth ions in calcium sulphate

It is shown that in calcium sulphate (CaSO4) associates occur existing of a vanadate group on a sulphate-group site and a trivalent rare-earth ion on a calcium site. This system shows, therefore, interesting advantages for a study of energy transfer from the vanadate group to trivalent rare-earths ions. The vanadate emission is situated in the blue-green part of the spectrum depending on the way in which its effectively negative charge is compensated. In a number of cases (Pr, Sm, Eu, Tb, and Dy) efficient energy transfer and RE emission occurs. The transfer rate is estimated to be 108S−1. Transfer from the vanadate group to Tb3+ is reported for the first time. Its occurrence in CaSO4 is ascribed to the presence of effective charges. The absence of efficient luminescence in the case of other rare-earth ions can be ascribed to the occurrence of multiphonon relaxation. In Kalziumsulfat (CaSO4) werden Assoziate nachgewiesen von einer Vanadatgruppe auf dem Platz einer Sulfatgruppe und dreiewertigen Ionen der Seltenen Erden auf Kalzium-Platzen. Dieses System hat interessante Vorteile fur eine Untersuchung der Energieubertragung von der Vanadatgruppe auf dreiwertige Ionen der Seltenen Erden. Die Emission der Vanadatgruppe wird im blau-grunen Teil des Spektrums gefunen, abhangig von der Art, wie seine effektive negative Ladung kompensiert ist. Fur Pr, Sm, Eu, Tb und Dy werden betrachtliche Energieubertragung und Emission der Seltenen Erden beobachtet. Die Ubertragungstrate ist ungefahr 108 s−1. Die Ubertragung von der Vanadatgruppe auf Tb3+-Ionen wird erstmalig mitgeteilt. Das Auftreten dieses Prozesses wird durch die effektiven Ladungen in den Zentren erklart. Das Fehlen einer bedeutenden Lumineszenz fur einige andere Ionen der Seltenen Erden kann dem Auftreten von Multiphononrelaxation zugeschrieben werden.
Changing Elevation, Accretion, and Tidal Marsh Plant Assemblages in a South San Francisco Bay Tidal Marsh

Analyses of organic content, pollen, and the carbon-isotopic composition of a 3.5-m sediment core collected from a subsided tidal marsh located in South San Francisco Bay, California, have provided a 500-yr record of sediment accretion and vegetation change before, during, and after a rapid 1 m increase in sea level. Core chronology was established using14C dating of fossil plant material, the first appearance of pollen types produced by plants not native to California, and changes in lead concentrations coincident with anthropogenic contamination. Prior to the mid 19th century, rates of sediment accretion were between 1 and 4 mm yr−1; sediment accretion accelerated to an average of 22 mm yr−1 following the initiation of subsidence. Changes in tidal marsh vegetation also accompanied this depositional change. Vegetation shifted from a high to low marsh assemblage, as indicated by a larger percentage of grass pollen, rhizomes ofSpartina foliosa, and a strong C4 signal. Between 1980 and 2001, Triangle marsh again developed high marsh vegetation, as indicated by higher percentages of the Amaranthaceane pollen type, seed deposition, includingSalicornia spp., and more negative carbon isotopic ratios.
Colchicine or Methotrexate, With Ursodiol, Are Effective After 20 Years in a Subset of Patients With Primary Biliary Cirrhosis

Background & Aims The combination of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), colchicine, and methotrexate (MTX) is effective therapy for a subset of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) who do not respond to UDCA. However, the durability of the response is unclear. We investigated whether the response to combination therapy was durable. Methods We followed, for 10 additional years (range 9–13 years), 29 patients with PBC who had been treated with the combination of UDCA and MTX or UDCA and colchicine in a randomized controlled trial that began in 1988 and lasted 10 years. Results Of the 11 patients given MTX plus UDCA, 9 were still alive and well, whereas 2 died from causes unrelated to liver disease at the ages of 79 and 70. Of the 18 patients given the combination of colchicine and UDCA, 12 were alive and well 20 years after the trial ended. Three had progressive liver disease; 2 of these had liver transplantation and 1 died of pneumonia. Three died of unrelated causes at the ages of 73, 76, and 76 years, respectively. Conclusions Treatment with the combination of UDCA and MTX or UDCA and colchicine led to sustained clinical remission in a subset of patients with PBC. The response to the combination of UDCA and MTX appeared to be more durable than to UDCA and colchicine.
Measurement of the Spin-Orbit Perturbation in the P-State Continuum of Heavy Alkali-Metal Atoms: K, Rb, and Cs

The spin-orbit interaction for the $P$-state continuum of heavy alkali metals was investigated in a photoionization experiment using spin-polarized alkali atoms and circularly polarized light. From the asymmetry in ion-counting rates corresponding to the two photon helicities, Fano's spin-orbit perturbation parameter $x$ was determined over a range of several hundred angstroms for K, Rb, and Cs. The spin-orbit perturbation was found to increase from K to Rb to Cs as expected, and the nonlinear behavior of $x$ as a function of the photon energy $E$ was demonstrated for K. Knowledge of $x(E)$ was used to establish accurate values for the position of the Cooper minimum and to estimate the magnitude of the cross section at the minimum. In addition, the $x(E)$ data for Cs were used to gain information about the spin polarization of photoelectrons in a Fano-type polarized electron source. Finally, extrapolation of $x(E)$ for cesium into the discrete spectrum indicated the existence of a pole in the function $\ensuremath{\rho}(E)$ which corresponds to the doublet line-strength ratio $\ensuremath{\rho}({E}_{\mathrm{nP}})=\frac{S(n{P}_{\frac{3}{2}})}{S(n{P}_{\frac{1}{2}})}$ at the discrete energies ${E}_{\mathrm{nP}}$. According to our extrapolation, the pole lies in the region of $n=10 \mathrm{to} 15$, in agreement with the early spectroscopic work of Sambursky (1928) and Beutell (1939), whose measurements were discounted by later investigators.
Male body size and paternal behaviour in smallmouth bass, Micropterus dolomieui (Pisces: Centrarchidae)

Male smallmouth bass defend nest sites and progeny after spawning. Females may consequently discriminate between potential mates with respect to characters that indicate paternal quality. Survivorship of offspring was previously found to be positively related to the site tenacity of a male following a disturbance at the nest. In this study, a comparison of the behaviour of 462 males over four spawning seasons indicated that both body size and the developmental stage of offspring in nests influenced male guarding behaviour. Large males were more site-tenacious than small males following a human disturbance at the nest, but the strength of the association differed between spawning seasons. Males that were guarding eggs at the time of intrusion were more tenacious than males that were guarding larvae, suggesting the higher ventilation requirements of eggs may motivate males to assume higher risks of injury. Male tenacity depended neither on the date of the spawning season on which male behaviour was evaluated, male age, nor the number of offspring defended after accounting for male body size and the developmental stage of offspring. Male body size could thus provide female M. dolomieui with an a priori indicator of the paternal quality of potential mates. Comparisons of male mortality indicated that the cost of reproduction did not depend on body size and that large parental males suffered a higher reproduction-independent mortality than small parental males. Size-dependent mortality could consequently favour a relatively higher investment into current progeny by large males. Large males should also be capable of a higher absolute investment into current offspring than small males because of size-dependent metabolism and reduced feeding during the period of parental care. Higher absolute investment by large males may explain the apparent female mate preference for large male M. dolomieui and the tendency for females to prefer large males as mates in other fishes with paternal care.
An intelligent interface for rule elicitation

Rule bases are increasingly being used as knowledge resources for reasoning in Semantic Web applications. How-ever, a major obstacle to the wider use of rule bases is the difficulty of acquiring rules from domain experts. In this work, we present a predictive editing method, also known as autocompletion, to facilitate the elicitation of rules specified in the Semantic Web Rule Language (SWRL). Our method uses six different approaches for predictive editing based on frequency, position, structure, and domain-range information. We have implemented our method as a part of Protege SWRL editor plug in. Initial usage of our method shows that a combined approach accurately recommends the most relevant rule predicates in the rule specification process.
An introduction: Fifty years later, Punishment and Social Structure in comparative analysis

In the same way in which Durkheim explained the invention of imprisonment on the basis of a progressive secularization and mitigation of the criminal law, or Rusche related major penological changes to social structural changes, the discussion of sociological hypotheses regarding the quantitative production of imprisonment, allows us to return to a discussion of its quality, and modalities. My hypothesis is that the ongoing deep changes in the nature of the whole arena of social control, are connected to a decreasing role of imprisonment. We certainly know very little about the size of such arena, within which a process that appears to be of increasing carceration, at least in the United States and the other “recarcerating” countries, might instead represent a shrinking section of a much faster increasing arena of social control in general.
Esr studies of the ring opening of cyclopropane radical cations in freon matrices

Abstract The radical cations of cyclopropane and several of its methyl derivatives have been characterized by ESR spectroscopy following their generation by γ irradiation of dilute solutions of the parent compounds in Freon matrices at 77 K. In the CFCl3, CF3CCl3, and CF2ClCCl3, matrices, only the ring-closed species is usually observed in the accessible temperature range up to ca 160 K. In the CFCl2CF2Cl matrix, however, the ring-closed radical cations initially formed at 77 K undergo ring opening between 83 and 110 K, the more highly substituted radical cations requiring a higher temperature for this transformation. The ring-closed radical cations are 2A1 species for C2v symmetry, the most substituted cyclopropane C-C bond being elongated with the spin density largely confined to the basal carbons in a face-to-face (90°, 90°) structure. In the ring-opened radical cations, the radical center is localized on the most substituted carbon atom following the breaking of the weakened C-C bond of the ring-closed species. The radical conformations of the ring-opened species have been determined, the RCH2CH2· center produced from cyclopropane having a bisected conformation while the RCH2CMe2· center obtained from 1,1,2,2-tetramethylcyclopropane is eclipsed, as expected for the presence of α-methyl substituents at the radical site. The nature of the putative carbocation center in the ring-opened radical cations is discussed with reference to recent proposals that this center is strongly coordinated to an electrophile (Cl- or RCl) thereby negating the requirement for an orthogonal structure. Consideration of the strong matrix dependence of the ring-opening reaction suggests a possible solvation effect, however, in which the CFCl2CF2Cl matrix assists the twisting of one of the CR1R2 groups at the most substituted bond, leading to the rupture of this one-electron σ bond. A strong solvation effect also explains why ring-opening can occur in a suitable polar solvent despite theoretical calculations of unfavourable energetics for a similar gas-phase reaction. Experiments are also described on spiro[2.5]octane, the cyclopropane ring undergoing scission at the CH2-CH2 bond of this radical cation to give an RCH2· radical center. this radical then undergoes a H-atom abstraction with a neutral spiro[2.5]octane molecule in the CFCl2CF2Cl matrix at higher temperature to give the spiro[2.5]oct-6-yl radical.
The association between maternal strategies and preschoolers' memory for location of objects

Using a Vygotskian theoretical framework and a social interaction design, we observed 30 middle-class North American mother–child dyads engaged in a location memory activity. The central aim of thi...
On minimal dynamical systems and their crossed product C∗-algebras

Abstract For X an infinite 0-dimensional compact metric space and ( X , ϕ ) a minimal dynamical system, we give a proof that the crossed product C ∗ -algebra C ( X ) × ϕ Z is not AF. This proof does not appeal to K-theory.
Antiretroviral Resistance: Mechanisms, Detection and Clinical Implications

Widespread use of antiretroviral agents and the epidemic of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) strains resistant to these drugs have raised a lot of issues including the biology and clinical implications of HIV resistance, reliability of resistant assays and their role in clinical practice. In May 2000, the International AIDS panel endorsed and recommended the use of antiretroviral drug resistance testing in patients. Considerable data on HIV drug resistance testing that strongly suggest that utility of these assays may be of great value have been published and presented at major meetings. Although the genotypic and phenotypic assays are available for antiretroviral drug resistance testing, the testing has certain limitations. The role of these resistance assays is not clearly defined in clinical practice. Prospective studies are needed to define the long-term benefits of these assays. HIV drug resistance testing in the near future may become an important tool and standard of practice for patients infecte...
Analysis and Optimization of Semicircular and Straight Lobe Viscous Pumps

A viscous pump design that is capable of producing higher flow rates than a viscous pump previously introduced by Etsion and Yaier (1988) is developed and investigated. The key to the new design is straight lobes as opposed to the semicircular lobes of the previous design. The geometry of the straight lobes does not lend itself to as straight forward a solution as the semicircular lobe analysis. Approximations are made and then verified using upper and lower shape fator bounds and finite element analyses