cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Wetland and microhabitat use by nesting four-toed salamanders in Maine

Little is known of Four-Toed Salamander (Hemidactylium scutatum) habitat use, despite the species' extensive range and elevated conservation status. We investigated species-habitat relationships that predict H. scutatum nesting presence in Maine at wetland and microhabitat scales by comparing microhabitats with and without nests. We created logistic regression models, selected models with AIC, and evaluated models with reserve data. Wetlands with nests were best predicted by shoreline microhabitat of Sphagnum spp., wood substrate, water flow, blue-joint reed grass (Calamagrostis canadensis), meadowsweet (Spiraea alba), steeplebush (Spiraea tomentosa), sensitive fern (Onoclea sensibilis), and absence of sheep laurel (Kalmia angustifolia) or deciduous forest canopy. Within occupied wetlands, shoreline microhabitat where nests occurred was best distinguished from available, unoccupied shoreline microhabitat by steeper shore, greater near-shore and basin water depth, deeper nesting vegetation, presence of moss spp. and winterberry (Ilex verticillata), and a negative association with S. alba, leatherleaf (Chamaedaphne calyculata), and K. angustifolia. These models of wetland and microhabitat use by H. scutatum may assist ecologists and managers in detecting and conserving this species.
Neutron Radiation Therapy of Parotid Gland Tumors

A retrospective analysis of 9 patients treated with cyclotron fast neurons for tumors arising from the parotid gland is presented. In 3 of 4 patients who survived longer than 2 years, significant normal tissue damage occurred within the treatment volume. Five patients treated with neutrons or surgery plus neutrons for primary tumors stage III did not have a better prognosis with regard to survival than a comparable group of patients treated with conventional methods (i.e. surgery, photons, or a combination thereof). These results appear to be similar to those obtained for parotid tumors treated with neutrons in the early 1940's by STONE.
The Wrist of Proconsul africanus and the Origin of Hominoid Postcranial Adaptations

One of the most important discoveries in hominoid evolutionary studies is the fossil forelimb of Proconsul africanus (KNM-RU 2036), discovered in 1951 from the early Miocene deposits of Rusinga Island, Kenya. Napier and Davis (1959, p. 1) describe the importance of the fossil: The discovery of the fore-limb bones of P. africanus is therefore an event of considerable moment, for they constitute the oldest and most complete skeleton of the hominoid fore-limb so far known. It is clear that these bones belong to one of the most significant periods of primate evolution; a period when the generalized catarrhine stock was emerging from a prolonged phase of arboreal quadrupedalism with its limited opportunities for adaptive radiation and was entering upon a phase that would provide a diversity of environmental opportunity leading ultimately to the emergence of four distinct patterns of locomotion among the Anthropoidea: (1) arboreal quadrupedalism, (2) terrestrial quadrupedalism, (3) brachiation, (4) terrestrial bipedalism.
Utilization of Nonlinear Resonance of Vessels for Ocean Wave Power Generation

This paper presents a method to utilize the pitch-roll nonlinear energy transfer phenomenon in vessels for off-shore wave power generation. This paper builds on an existing design where the power generator is a horizontal pendulum on board a vessel. The surface waves result in rocking of the ship, which in turn results in rotation of the pendulum. The pendulum is connected to a DC generator to produce power. The coupled electro-mechanical system is modeled using energy methods. The design in this paper utilizes the nonlinear coupling between the roll and pitch motions of the generator vessel. The natural frequency of the roll motion of the vessel is tuned to be twice the fundamental frequency of the pitch motion. In this specific condition when the vessel is excited in the pitch direction, the energy is nonlinearly transferred to the roll mode and the vessel oscillates in the roll direction. It is shown that the combination of the pitch as well as roll motion is far superior to the pitch motion since the combination results in full rotations of pendulum. A pendulum in full rotations generates orders of magnitude more power compared to a locally oscillating pendulum.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Two Comparative Perspectives on Copyright's Past and Future in the Digital Age (Book Review)

A review of two recent scholarly books on digital copyright law: The Copyright Wars: Three Centuries of Trans-Atlantic Battle by Peter Baldwin (Princeton, 2014), and Copyfight: The Global Politics of Digital Copyright Reform by Blayne Haggart (Univ. of Toronto, 2014). Both books are meticulously researched and carefully written, and each makes an excellent addition to the literature on copyright. Contrasting both titles in this joint review, however, helps to reveal a few respects in which each work is incomplete; indeed, at times each book reads as a critique of the other.Baldwin's The Copyright Wars argues that modern debates over the proper scope of copyright represent echoes of still-unresolved conflicts that arose early in the 18th century and have recurred in various forms ever since. The philosophical conflict between the "author's rights" ideology that came to predominate in Continental Europe and the "copyright" ideology that prevailed (until very recently) in the English-speaking nations, Baldwin argues, underlies many modern debates about the respective interests of creators and users of expressive works. On Baldwin's reading, the internet era raises no truly novel issues, but merely puts a contemporary gloss on copyright's unending three-way struggle between authors, readers, and disseminators.Haggart's Copyfight eschews Baldwin's long view in favor of a close look at copyright's very recent history, focusing on the implementation of the 1996 WIPO Internet treaties in the United States, Canada, and Mexico. Haggart's thesis is that the conventional portrayal of the United States as a hegemonic power in copyright has been overstated, and that the differing ways that the North American nations have implemented the 1996 WIPO treaties shows that smaller nations can and do exercise substantial autonomy in setting copyright policy. That autonomy can be, and increasingly is, used by smaller nations to set copyright rules that contradict the preferences of larger nations, an oppositional phenomenon that Haggart suggests will only grow in importance in this century.Although both books are outstanding, their very different perspectives occasionally produce a form of tunnel vision. Baldwin's book features impressive historical depth, but fails adequately to address the unique challenges of contemporary technology to the law and the historically unprecedented obstacles that contemporary law raises to certain forms of socially valuable innovation. Haggart's book, in contrast, demonstrates a keen and nuanced appreciation of the contemporary copyright debate and the ways that international and domestic institutions have interacted to set policy during the past two decades, but fails to appreciate the ways in which the much lengthier course of historical development constrains future copyright policy-making. The review concludes by suggesting respects in which either book might serve as a guide to future copyright policy-making at the national and international level.
Analytic calculation of color-Coulomb potential

We develop a calculation scheme in Coulomb and temporal gauge that respects gauge invariance and is most easily applied to the infrared asymptotic region of QCD. It resembles the Dyson-Schwinger equations of Euclidean quantum field theory in Landau gauge, but is three dimensional. A simple calculation yields a color-Coulomb potential that behaves at large $R$ approximately like ${V}_{\mathrm{c}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{u}\mathrm{l}}(R)\ensuremath{\sim}{R}^{[1\ensuremath{-}0.2(d\ensuremath{-}1)]}$ for spatial dimension $1\ensuremath{\le}d\ensuremath{\le}3$. This is a linearly rising potential plus a rather weak dependence on $d$.
TESTICULAR TERATOMA METASTASIZING TO THE SPINE

From a review of the literature, it was found that teratomata with this type of metastasis—teratoma of the right testicle with metastasis to the vertebrae, paravertebral structures, and spinal cord—are rare. The unusual features in this case are as follows: 1. The length of time the mass in the testicle had been known to have existed (six years). 2. Trauma sufficient to cause a compression fracture of the spine preceded the onset of symptoms. 3. Absence of evidence of invasion of the central or peripheral nervous systems up to the time the compression fracture was reduced. 4. Absence of evidence of involvement of bone or the spinal cord at the time of the first laminectomy. 5. Lack of roentgenographic evidence of the true pathological nature of the involved vertebrae at the first examination.
Savoring time: desire, pleasure and wholehearted activity

There is considerable appeal to the Aristotelian idea that taking pleasure in an activity is sometimes simply a matter of attending to it in such a way as to render it wholehearted. However, the proponents of this idea have not made adequately clear what kind of attention it is that can perform the surprising feat of transforming otherwise indifferent activities into pleasurable ones. I build upon Gilbert Ryle's suggestion that taking pleasure in an activity is tantamount to engaging in the activity while fervently desiring to do it and it alone. More specifically, I draw upon insights into the sort of evaluative attention involved in having a desire to generate corollary insights into the sort of attention that makes activity pleasurable. My aim is to offer a compelling account of a certain class of pleasures, and to shed light on their relation to reasons. I argue that prospective pleasures in this class are not always reasons for action, and that even when they are reasons they have this status only derivatively, as vivid apprehensions of an independent realm of values. This does not mean that such pleasures are never good. They are good provided that they track real values, for then they constitute a proper savoring of one's activities and/or circumstances, and provide a valuable respite from the distractions and unwarranted doubts that so often leave us at odds with ourselves and alienated from our own doings.
Technology integration in secondary physical education: Teachers' attitude and practice

Technology has influenced teaching, yet we know little about physical educators' predispositions and use. This study investigated secondary physical education teachers' attitudes and practices regarding technology integration and relationships between attitude and practice. The data collection instrument measured teachers' attitudes and technology use. Results suggest that teachers had positive attitudes, yet a limited use of technology. Teachers reported a number of barriers influencing technology use including budget, class size, and training. All attitude factors correlated with technology use. Physical educators may be willing to apply technology for teaching if given opportunities to prepare, practice and utilize appropriate resources.
The dynamics of party relabeling Why do parties change names

Contrary to longstanding arguments that equate parties with durable, information-rich brand names, the relabeling of parties is not rare, and in many countries it is not even very unusual. This paper provides the first effort to document this neglected phenomenon. It finds that across European democracies roughly a third of all parties have relabeled themselves at least once since 1945, and a similar proportion of elections include at least one party running under a new name. It then presents analyses of why parties change names more frequently in some circumstances, finding support for three explanations derived from the existing literature: parties with longer-standing brands are less likely to shed them, but relabeling is more likely for parties that suffer electoral setbacks and for parties in weaker party systems. Finally, it presents evidence that the end of Soviet communism made left parties more likely to rename themselves.
Identification and function of A1 adenosine receptors in normal and cystic fibrosis human airway epithelial cells.

McCoy, David E., Erik M. Schwiebert, Katherine H. Karlson, William S. Spielman, and Bruce A. Stanton. Identification and function of A 1 adenosine receptors in normal and cystic fibrosis human airway epithelial cells. Am. J. Physiol. 268 (Cell Physiol. 37) : C1520-C1527, 1995.-A role for adenosine in the regulation of ion transport in pulmonary epithelial cells has recently been proposed. Although evidence exists documenting the presence and function of adenosine A 2 receptors in airway epithelia, the presence of adenosine A 1 receptors remains controversial. The present study used reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and whole cell patch-clamp analysis to investigate A 1 receptor presence and function in normal and cystic fibrosis (CF) human airway epithelial cells. Oligonucleotide primers complementary to the human brain A 1 receptor sequence generated a PCR product of the predicted size (311 bp) in normal tracheal (9HTEo-) and CF submucosal (2CFSMEo-) airway cell lines and in primary cultures of CF nasal polyp epithelial cells. An oligonucleotide probe internal to the PCR primers hybridized with the 311-bp cDNAs by Southern blot analysis. cDNA sequencing demonstrated that the normal and CF airway cell PCR products are 100% identical to the corresponding sequence of the human brain adenosine A 1 receptor. Northern blot analysis of 9HTEo-and 2CFSMEo- poly(A) + RNA revealed the presence of two bands of ∼3.0 and ∼5.5 kb corresponding to the A 1 receptor. Whole cell patch-clamp analyses demonstrated that 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine, a specific A 1 receptor antagonist, increases adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP)-activated Cl - conductance in 9HTEo- airway cells and allows cAMP to increase Cl - conductance in 2CFSMEo- CF airway cells and CF nasal polyp epithelial cells in primary culture. These results provide evidence for the presence and function of A 1 receptors in normal and CF airway epithelial cells and provide support for a role of adenosine A 1 receptors in modulating airway epithelial cell Cl - transport.
[Coordinated role of nerves, hormones and electrolytes in the pathophysiology of the blood pressure].

Unter der Voraussetzung, das ischamisches Nierengewebe pressorische Substanzen bildet, last sich die Vermutung aussprechen, das sowohl mit dem Blut kreisende als neurosekretorisch in die Nierengefaswande ausgeschiedene adreno-sympathikogene Katecholamine durch lokale Vasokonstriktion und schlieslich durch strukturelle Schadigung der Nierengefase indirekt zu Blutdruckerhohungen Anlas geben konnen. Auch eine Uberaktivitat der Mineralokortikoide scheint sich durch Forderung renaler arteriolosklerotischer Prozesse am Zustandekommen renal pressorischer Wirkungen zu beteiligen. Mit dem Einsetzen von exkretorischer Niereninsuffizienz kommt es uberdies zur Retention von Katecholaminen, die ihrerseits weitere Herz- und Gefasschadigungen und damit das Endstadium der malignen Hypertonieformen herbeizufuhren scheinen.
Picomole-Scale Real-Time Photoreaction Screening: Discovery of the Visible-Light-Promoted Dehydrogenation of Tetrahydroquinolines under Ambient Conditions.

The identification of new photocatalytic pathways expands our knowledge of chemical reactivity and enables new environmentally friendly synthetic applications. However, the development of miniaturized screening procedures/platforms to expedite the discovery of photochemical reactions remains challenging. Herein, we describe a picomole-scale, real-time photoreaction screening platform in which a handheld laser source is coupled with nano-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. By using this method, we discovered an accelerated dehydrogenation pathway for the conversion of tetrahydroquinolines into the corresponding quinolines. This transformation is readily promoted by an off-the-shelf [Ru(bpy)3]Cl2⋅6 H2O complex in air at ambient temperature in direct sunlight, or with the aid of an energy-saving lamp. Moreover, radical cations and trans-dihydride intermediates captured by the screening platform provided direct evidence for the mechanism of the photoredox reaction.
Transoral laser surgery for supraglottic cancer.

ABSTRACT Introduction of the CO2 laser by Strong and Jako in 1972 for laryngeal papilloma removal ushered in a new dimension in surgery of the larynx. Because it increases visualization and hemostasis and decreases tissue edema and morbidity, the CO2 laser has enhanced the effectiveness of microlaryngoscopic surgery. Forty patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the supraglottis (T1–T3) underwent transoral CO2 laser resection. Twenty of these patients had a combined neck node dissection and postoperative radiotherapy. Advantages of the laser transoral approach are facility, immediate restoration of swallowing, shortened hospitalization, and avoidance of tracheostomy.
The development of visuospatial processing

This chapter focuses on the development of visuospatial processes mediated by the two primary visual pathways: the ventral ‘what’ stream and the dorsal ‘where/how’ stream. The introduction summarizes data from adults supporting the major functional distinctions of the two streams. Next, typical profiles of functional development for the ventral and dorsal visual streams are summarized. This is followed by a consideration of the relative developmental trajectories for the two streams. The final section examines the impact of neurodevelopmental disorders on visuospatial functioning, including the effects of frank neural insult as well as the effects of specific genetic abnormalities.
Assessment of low-temperature cracking in asphalt concrete pavements using an acoustic emission approach

An acoustic emission (AE) approach to evaluate low-temperature cracking susceptibility of asphalt binders and asphalt concrete mixtures is presented. In the approach thin films of asphalt binders were bonded to granite substrates and exposed to temperatures ranging from 15 °C to −50 °C. Differential thermal contraction between granite substrates and asphalt binders induces progressive higher thermal stresses in the binders resulting in the thermal crack formation, which is accompanied by a release of elastic energy in the form of transient stress waves (AE). These AE-based Tcr predictions showed excellent correlations with predictions based upon AASHTO TP1 and with AASHTO MP1A protocols. Similar results were also obtained when asphalt concrete mixtures samples were exposed to temperatures ranging from 15 °C to −50 °C. The AE-based approach for low-temperature characterization of binders and asphalt concrete mixtures is faster and has a lower coefficient of variance than the traditionally used methods based upon the binder rheological properties.
Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: Anesthetic Management in the Ambulatory Setting. Part 1: Pathophysiology and Associated Disease States

The increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus in the general population has many implications for the ambulatory anesthesia provider. Complications, particularly associated with poor glycemic control, can affect multiple organ systems and jeopardize the safety of any planned anesthetic. It is essential that anesthesiologists and sedation providers have in-depth knowledge of the pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus and the comorbid conditions that commonly accompany it. Anesthesiologists and sedation providers must also understand certain surgical and anesthetic considerations when planning an effective and safe anesthetic for diabetic patients. This is a 2-part series concerning perioperative glycemic control for patients with diabetes mellitus. Part 1 will focus on the physiology of diabetes and its associated disease states. Part 2 will address the pharmacology associated with the wide variety of medications used to treat the disorder and the most recent guidelines for blood glucose management in ambulatory surgical patients.
Zero Dark Thirty and the Fantasy of Closure

Cultural notions of narrative, psychological, and historical “closure” are at stake in Zero Dark Thirty, as explored through the lens of the film’s reception as well as, and in comparison to, real-life reactions to the killing of Osama bin Laden. In the midst of controversy about its depiction of the CIA’s detainee interrogation program, Zero Dark Thirty’s ultimate evasion of any certain, unproblematic resolution occasions for viewers an opportunity to assess for themselves the ethics of action in the wake of September 11. Accordingly, rather than certifying closure, as some regarded bin Laden’s death on the evening of May 1, 2011, Zero Dark Thirty draws viewers into self-reflexive involvement in the as-yet unresolved implications of September 11 and the US responses that followed.
Model Reduction and Control in Reactor-Heat Exchanger Networks

Abstract This paper focuses on the dynamics and control of process networks consisting of a reactor connected with an external heat exchanger through a large material recycle stream that acts as an energy carrier. Using singular perturbation arguments, we show that such networks exhibit a dynamic behavior featuring two time scales: a fast one, in which the energy balance variables evolve, and a slow time scale that captures the evolution of the terms in the material balance equations. We present a procedure for deriving reduced-order, non-stiff models for the fast and slow dynamics, and a framework for rational control system design that accounts for the time scale separation exhibited by the system dynamics. The theoretical developments are illustrated with an example and numerical simulation results.
Plasmonic imaging is gaining momentum

High-temperature superconductivity, unconventional magnetism, and charge-ordered states are examples of the spectacular properties that arise in solids through many-body effects, a consequence of electrons strongly interacting with one another and with the crystal lattice. In a seminal contribution, Landau introduced quasiparticles, objects that behave in many ways as free electrons but with velocities and masses altered or “renormalized.” Information about the renormalization is encoded, for example, in optical properties of materials ( 1 ). The majority of optical studies have focused on response functions that depend on frequency ω, but dependence on momentum q , which is equally valuable, has remained beyond the reach of common spectroscopic tools. On page 187 of this issue, Lundeberg et al. ( 2 ) developed a means to probe the nonlocal or q -dependent electromagnetic response by harnessing surface plasmon polaritons (plasmons). Implications of the first results by Lundeberg et al. transcend the studies of graphene, their model system.
Cost comparison across heart failure patients with reduced and preserved ejection fractions: Analyses of inpatient decompensated heart failure admissions.

Abstract Background Heart failure (HF) is the leading cause of inpatient admissions in the US for adults aged over 65 years and accounts for more than $17 billion in Medicare expenditures annually. There are limited published data on factors influencing expenditure and the relationship between cost and hospital length of stay. We sought to describe institutional costs of HF hospitalization, as well as demographic and clinical predictors of higher hospitalization costs in an academic hospital setting. Methods and results Demographic and clinical information was collected retrospectively for 564 unique consecutive patients with a decompensated HF admission during 2010–2013. Forty-six percent had a baseline LVEF >40%, categorized as HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Forty-three percent were female and the mean age was 71 years. Patients with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) were predominantly male, younger and had a lower burden of baseline comorbidities than HFpEF patients. Length of stay was longer for HFrEF (median 4 days) than HFpEF (median 3 days, p = 0.01). Mean total hospitalization cost was $9521. Mean costs trended higher for HFrEF patients than for HFpEF patients ($10,286 versus $8858, p = 0.07). Room and board contributed more than half of all costs. Conclusions In this single-center study, we observed a trend towards higher HF hospitalization costs for patients with HFrEF, compared to HFpEF, even though patients with HFpEF are older and had more comorbid conditions. Costs were largely driven by length of stay, with higher heart rate at admission, lower systolic blood pressure, and higher creatinine associated with higher inpatient costs.
Building Sustainable Networks: Introducing the Pan Institution Network for Global Health

In the era of Sustainable Development Goals and record numbers of students seeking educational opportunities abroad, university global health partnerships are quickly becoming a mainstay. These partnerships can bring together researchers, students, and community members in ways that address education, research, and community health needs. There are compelling to having institutional partnerships so that individuals can collaborate to have a sustainable impact compared to working individually within institutions. A collective base of expertise may also leverage scarce resources and help to develop creative solutions to intractable issues. Frequently though, universities working together on these issues can reinforce existing disparities and unequal relationships that prioritize the flow of information, bodies, and agendas from higher to lower resourced parts of the globe. We take as a starting point that partnerships, if built, maintained, and managed in an equitable fashion have the potential to generate a lasting positive impact on global health.
Plasma-induced damage and hydrogenation of AlxGa1−xP

Abstract Highly C-doped Al x Ga 1− x P was exposed to electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) Ar and H 2 plasmas to investigate dry etch damage and hydrogen passivation effects. The Al x Ga 1− x P is much more resistant to plasma damage than InGaP or AlInP across the entire range of x -values investigated ( x = 0−0.7). For example, under plasma conditions that induce ≈ 10 10 cm −2 dislocation loops in InGaP, no defects are observed in AlGaP. These results are understood in terms of the high stability of the AlP bonds in addition to the higher bond strengths of GaP relative to InP. The hydrogen passivation of C acceptors is lower in the alloys compared to GaP, and exposure to an ECR H 2 plasma creates a band of defects ≈ 200 A deep at the AlGaP surface.
Dealings With Others

After exploring the themes outlined in Chapter 20--advice for new managers--I probed further. I recast the question somewhat and asked what advice they would offer regarding dealings with people in six types of positions: (1) state departments of emergency services; (2) elected officials; (3) other local government agencies; (4) the business community; (5) volunteer organizations; and (6) family members.
Hydrophilic/Hydrophobic Control of Steroid Release from a Cortisol — Polyglutamic Acid Sustained Release System

Biodegradable polymer formulations which allow delivery of biologically active agents to a target organ or organism at controlled rates over a prolonged period of time have been developed and studied.1,2 These biodegradable controlled-release systems offer the distinct advantage that no residual polymer remains following release of the drug and degradation of the polymer.
The computer—an aid for analyzing and processing creep-rupture data

Several systems are described in which the computer is used as an aid for analyzing creep-rupture data. In the CADCAPS system the basic test parameters are measured as electronic signals that can be used as input information for a small on-line computer. The data can be displayed as creep (strain vs time) curves or in numerous other forms.
Lung Cancer: Overview

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death in the world and 90% of all cases are caused by tobacco smoking. Lung cancer is divided into two major histologic subtypes, non-small cell (NSCLC) and small cell (SCLC), with distinct biological behavior, genetic alterations, and therapy. Thus far, screening for lung cancer has not been proven effective since no modality has been shown to decrease mortality. Most patients with both SCLC and NSCLC present with symptoms of either locally advanced or metastatic disease, with only about 25% of patients with NSCLC having early-stage, resectable disease. For patients with stage I or II NSCLC, surgical resection is the treatment of choice and results in long-term survival in 60–80% or 40–50% of patients, respectively. For patients with stage III, locally advanced NSCLC or limited-stage SCLC, aggressive chemotherapy plus radiotherapy can offer a cure in 20–25% of patients. Stage IV, or metastatic, NSCLC and extensive-stage SCLC are incurable diseases in which chemotherapy can prolong survival and palliate symptoms. Recent advances in our understanding of the molecular biology of lung cancer have led to novel therapeutic strategies targeting relevant pathways that regulate the proliferation and/or progression of lung cancer. Several of these molecularly targeted therapies have now demonstrated significant clinical benefits in subsets of patients with lung cancer.
The Platonic Ideas

The Platonic argumentation which we have been analyzing may be here briefly recapitulated. Plato accepted the consequences of the theory of flux as they affected knowledge. The world of sensible and material reality cannot sustain the immutability, the universality, the certitude of scientific knowledge and truth and, by the same token, cannot be the object of such knowledge. Yet Plato was convinced of the existence of certitudinal knowledge and scientific truth, and he had discovered the immateriality and universality of human cognition. Truth, moreover, required that knowledge have an exactly corresponding object. He, therefore, posited a world of immaterial realities, which exactly embodied ontologically all the conditions required for an object of scientific knowledge. Thus, Saint Thomas tells us, the Platonic world of Ideas came into being as an exact correlate to the system of knowledge, its perfect and proportioned object.
Heinrich Events: Chronology and Processes, East-Central Laurentide Ice Sheet and NW Labrador Sea

Over the last two decades, studies of deep-ocean sediment records have clearly demonstrated changes in the global climate on Milankovitch time-scales (see Imbrie, this volume). Research over the last few years shows that the climate system also changes at much higher frequencies. Examples of rapid climate changes include the Younger Dryas cold period of NW Europe (Mangerud, 1987; Rind, et al., 1986; Wright, 1989), the “Dansgaard-Oeschger” oscillations in the Greenland ice cores (Broecker, et al., 1988; Dansgaard, et al., 1989; Johnsen, et al., 1992), and the“Heinrich” layers in North Atlantic sediment cores (Heinrich, 1988; Broecker, et al., 1992; Andrews and Tedesco, in the press). The latter two types of changes have durations of circa 1 ± ka with recurrence intervals of a few thousand years. All of these phenomena have been associated with the sensitivity of the thermohaline circulation to influx of fresh water and ice (Broecker and Denton, 1989; Broecker, et al., 1989; Stocker and Wright, 1991).
Nonlinear Theory of a Caustic Region

The caustic formed when a water wave is propagating at incidence into increasing depth is considered first in the linear approximation. A scheme for a nonlinear approach is indicated by this analysis, and the nonlinear equations valid in the caustic region are obtained. Comparison with the gas-dynamics case shows differences from the equations adopted for the sonic-boom caustic.
BreathEZ: Using smartwatches to improve choking first aid

Abstract Choking first aid is an important tool for all individuals as choking is the cause of nearly 5000 deaths per year in the US. Normally for incidents like this, the local emergency medical services (EMS) could be relied up on to respond and provide necessary lifesaving aid. The average EMS response time is almost eight minutes and someone choking only has four to six minutes before permanent brain damage occurs. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) trained individuals are often also trained in choking first aid for this very reason, though relying on bystanders presents its own problem. Many individuals assume others will be more qualified to help and therefore will not involve themselves, a psychological phenomenon known as the bystander effect. In order to combat this problem, we present BreathEZ, a smartwatch application that provides both choking first aid instruction and real-time tactile and visual feedback on the quality of the abdominal thrust compressions. To the best of our knowledge, prior to this there has been no feedback device developed that targets choking first aid. BreathEZ uses the onboard accelerometer on an Android smartwatch to identify an abdominal thrust and measure the peak acceleration. It then analyzes the data collected and provides feedback on the quality of the thrust to the user.
Abstract 2238: Self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDS) containing novel compounds for the chemoprevention of pancreatic cancer

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is the fourth leading cause of deaths in the United States, claiming approximately 43,000 lives every year. Existing trends suggest that it will be the second cause of death after lung cancer within the next 20 years. With mortality rates remaining high even after decades of research, scientists are now turning to develop chemopreventive strategies that may stop or delay the initiation and progression of the disease. Our study reports the chemoprevention potential of (1) a free drug combination of H1-receptor antagonist drug with Sulforaphane (SFN), a neutraceutical compound derived from broccoli and (2) lipid nanocarriers of H1-receptor antagonist drug (SP1 SMEDDS; formulation patent pending) with free SFN when administered at low doses in human pancreatic cancer cell lines (MIA PaCa-2 and Panc-1). IC50 concentrations were calculated for various treatment groups using MTS viability assay in accordance with published protocol, using 96-well microplates and incubation time of 72 h. The free drug combination revealed almost 70-fold and 20-fold enhancement in chemoprevention efficacy (based decrease in cancer cell viability) as compared to controls. Interestingly, the free drug combination (at 5µM) showed ~55 % (p Citation Format: Preshita Desai, Arvind Thakkar, Jeffrey Wang, Sunil Prabhu. Self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDS) containing novel compounds for the chemoprevention of pancreatic cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2238.
Sergei Parajanov's Differential Cinema

The films of Sergei Parajanov (1924–1990) remain some of the most stylistically unique in the history of the medium and easily place him within the pantheon of the world's great filmmakers. This ar...
Erasure, activism and Slovenian fathers on the edge in times of political madness

Today, it seems, spatial identities (nation, border, place) are tied intimately to political identities (adult, student, child, family, minority, refugee), and these identities are complexly interw...
Injectable Tissue Replacement and Regeneration: Anatomic Fat Grafting to Restore Decayed Facial Tissues.

Aging is a dynamic process that can be modeled and understood tissue by tissue and cell by cell. Numerous authors have helped us understand the anatomy of facial fat compartments and the effects of aging on our facial tissues such as skin, fat, bone and fibrous ligaments. Injectable tissue replacement and regeneration (ITR2) is a method to replace decayed tissues of the face using "like tissues" in an effort to delay or slow the rate of tissue decay seen in facial aging. Facial topography and proportion analysis are performed to diagnose individual-specific losses of facial fat. The degree of sun damage and skin thinning is noted as is the degree of loss in the superficial fat compartment. Deep compartment fat loss is evaluated as is pyriform aperture, orbital, mandibular ramus, mandibular body, and chin resorption. From this analysis, a detailed treatment plan is formulated. Using a mechanical device, 3 different fat grafts are created: 2 mm (millifat), 1 mm (microfat), and 500 microns (cell optimized, matrix rich nanofat); anatomic replacement of all areas of tissue loss is carried out. Millifat is used for deep compartment and bone losses, microfat for superficial fat losses above the facial musculature and nanofat is used intradermally and as a biological cream for topical application. The rationale behind this standardized approach is explained and the scientific foundations for the idea are presented. Reduction in tissue decay appears to be a valid observation, but awaits others confirmation.
An Investigation of Creep Resistance in Grade 91 Steel through Computational Thermodynamics

Abstract This study was conducted to understand the relationship between various critical temperatures and the stability of the secondary phases inside the heat-affected-zone (HAZ) of welded Grade 91 (Gr.91) steel parts. Type IV cracking has been observed in the HAZ, and it is widely accepted that the stabilities of the secondary phases in Gr.91 steel are critical to the creep resistance, which is related to the crack failure of this steel. In this work, the stabilities of the secondary phases, including those of the M23C6, MX, and Z phases, were simulated by computational thermodynamics. Equilibrium cooling and Scheil simulations were carried out in order to understand the phase stability in welded Gr.91 steel. The effect of four critical temperatures—that is, Ac1 (the threshold temperature at which austenite begins to form), Ac3 (the threshold temperature at which ferrite is fully transformed into austenite), and the M23C6 and Z phase threshold temperatures—on the thickness of the HAZ and phase stability in the HAZ is discussed. Overall, the simulations presented in this paper explain the mechanisms that can affect the creep resistance of Gr.91 steel, and can offer a possible solution to the problem of how to increase creep resistance at elevated temperatures by optimizing the steel composition, welding, and heat treatment process parameters. The simulation results from this work provide guidance for future alloy development to improve creep resistance in order to prevent type IV cracking.
Neck Swellings: Lateral Neck Masses

The majority of laterally placed neck lumps in children are of lymph node origin. Cervical lymphadenopathy is very common in children and in the vast majority of children will be self limiting and benign. Clinicians must therefore be aware of the potential causes of lymph node enlargement in children and the indicators of serious pathology.
Data-Driven Hard-Magnetic Material Selection for AC Applications by Multiple Attribute Decision Making

Hard-magnetic materials are ubiquitous and are used in a myriad of applications, including but not limited to computers, green energy technologies, and defense systems. Over the years, a variety of hard-magnetic materials were developed to cater to the immanent technological demands. In the recent past, materials informatics has been an essential component of materials discovery, design, and development. We present a methodology that combines various multiple attribute decision-making methods, hierarchical clustering, and principal component analysis for data-driven hard-magnetic material selection. Shannon’s entropy model evaluated the relative weights of multiple properties followed by the ranking of the hard-magnetic materials by the various multiple attribute decision-making methods. Akin to Ashby charts, two-dimensional plots were developed to provide a visual presentation, based on the decision-making models, clustering, and component analysis followed by the assessment of the predictive capability of the data-driven model.
Disease Course and Outcomes of COVID-19 Among Hospitalized Patients with Gastrointestinal Manifestations.

Abstract Background & Aims Our understanding of outcomes and disease time course of COVID-19 in patients with gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms remains limited. In this study we characterize the disease course and severity of COVID-19 among hospitalized patients with gastrointestinal manifestations in a large, diverse cohort from the Unites States. Methods This retrospective study evaluated hospitalized individuals with COVID-19 between March 11 and April 28, 2020 at two affiliated hospitals in New York City. We evaluated the association between GI symptoms and death, and also explored disease duration, from symptom onset to death or discharge. Results Of 2804 patients hospitalized with COVID-19, the 1,084 (38.7%) patients with GI symptoms were younger (aOR for age ≥75, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.45-0.77) and had more co-morbidities (aOR for modified Charlson comorbidity score ≥2, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.01-1.48) compared to those without GI symptoms. Individuals with GI symptoms had better outcomes, with a lower likelihood of intubation (aHR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.55-0.79) and death (aHR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.59-0.87), after adjusting for clinical factors. These patients had a longer median disease course from symptom onset to discharge (13.8 vs 10.8 days, log-rank p = .048; among 769 survivors with available symptom onset time), which was driven by longer time from symptom onset to hospitalization (7.4 vs 5.4 days, log-rank P Conclusion Hospitalized patients with GI manifestations of COVID-19 have a reduced risk of intubation and death, but may have a longer overall disease course driven by duration of symptoms prior to hospitalization.
Application of a Relative Humidity Sensor for Monitoring Water Vapor Concentration inside Enclosures

The presence of water can have adverse effects on the performance of mechanical and electrical hardware. Standing or condensed water can cause shorting or grounding issues in the short term and can accelerate corrosion in the long term. High humidity can also accelerate corrosion as well as cause swelling of electrical components, seals, or composite materials. Water exposure data can be used to actively intervene prior to degradation(e.g. to fix a water leak) or to calculate the remaining life of a system that has been exposed to water or high humidity. The U.S. Army has recognized the importance of environmental monitoring and failure prediction in weapon systems to ensure readiness, to enhance safety, and toimprove weapon performance. Since 2000, Picatinny Arsenal has sponsored the development of specialized environmental monitoring sensors with on-board diagnostics in various new weapon/ammunition systems. In this article we present an effort at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory to develop an asset health monitor to assess water concentration inside the storage container of an artillery shell. Desiccant is used in the container to maintain the water vapor concentration below 5000 parts per million; a higher water concentration would indicate container leakage or the need to replace the desiccant. Various types of water sensors, including standing water indicators, corrosion indicators, and humidity sensors, were identified and categorized according to type of water exposure, accuracy, and response time. A commercially available relative humidity sensor was identified as a cost effective approach to measuring water vapor concentration inside the container. Relative humidity can be converted to waterconcentration using the water vapor saturation pressure at ambient temperature. Using diurnal temperature simulations, it was determined that the accuracy of the relative humidity sensor would be unsatisfactory in high temperature/low humidity situations where a small change in relative humidity results is a large change in water vapor concentration. To overcome this obstacle, a strategic sampling technique was developed to increase the accuracy of the water concentration measurement that is based on relative humidity sensor data. The relative humidity sensorwas integrated into the Remote Readiness Asset Prognostic/Diagnostic System (RRAPDS), which is an asset health monitor developed by PNNL to measure environmental conditions in munition containers. RRAPDS will be secured to the container with a probe that extends into the container to monitor internal temperature and humidity. RRAPDS includes a microcontroller to process environmental data and execute diagnostic routines. Thispaper will describe the approach that was developed to estimate water concentration using relative humidity sensor data and describe the sampling technique used to maximize the accuracy of the water vapor concentration assessment.
Membrane Constriction by ESCRT-III Proteins Induces Structural Lipid Bilayer Asymmetries

Abstract Cells utilize molecular machines to form and remodel their membrane-defined compartments’ compositions, shapes, and connections. The regulated activity of these membrane remodeling machines drives processes like vesicular traffic and organelle homeostasis. Although molecular patterning within membranes is essential to cellular life, characterizing the composition and structure of realistic biological membranes on the molecular length scale remains a challenge, particularly during membrane shape transformations. Here, we employed an ESCRT-III protein coating model system to investigate how membrane-binding proteins bind to and alter the structural patterns within lipid bilayers. We observe leaflet-level and localized lipid structures within a constricted and thinned membrane nanotube. To map the fine structure of these membranes, we compared simulated bilayer nanotubes with experimental cryo-EM reconstructions of native membranes and membranes containing halogenated lipid analogs. Halogenated lipids scatter electrons more strongly, and analysis of their surplus scattering enabled us to estimate the concentrations of lipids within each leaflet and to estimate lipid shape and sorting changes induced by high curvature and lipid-protein interactions. Specifically, we found that cholesterol enriched within the inner leaflet due to its spontaneous curvature, while acidic lipids enriched in the outer leaflet due to electrostatic interactions with the protein coat. The docosahexaenoyl (DHA) polyunsaturated chain-containing lipid SDPC enriched strongly at membrane-protein contact sites. Simulations and imaging of brominated SDPC showed how a pair of phenylalanine residues opens a hydrophobic defect in the outer leaflet and how DHA tails stabilize the defect and “snorkel” up to the membrane surface to interact with these side chains. This highly curved nanotube differs markedly from protein-free, flat bilayers in leaflet thickness, lipid diffusion, and other structural asymmetries with implications for our understanding of membrane mechanics.