cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Authoring of Patient Education Materials by Medical Students: an Activity Designed to Demonstrate Communication to the Lay Public

As part of their training, physicians develop excellent patient communication skills. However, with a constellation of responsibilities that impinge on a physician’s time, it is not always possible to convey appropriate amounts of information such that patients can use this to enhance their health. Physicians also may not select the educational resources that best fit each patient’s needs, based on educational level of the patient. At The Commonwealth Medical College, one strategy we have utilized to demonstrate to students how to deliver an understandable diagnosis, instructions for treatment, or other medical information, was having our first year medical students write pamphlets on a disease covered in one of our small group cases for problem-based learning (PBL). The goal of the pamphlet was to explain a particular disease in layman’s terms, and to present information that patients would need in order to deal with a particular disease. Students were asked to write pamphlets during the first basic science course they encountered, the Cellular and Molecular Basis of Life. The problem-based learning case was on Bloom’s Syndrome, a genetic disease discussed in this course. Different groups approached the project in different ways, but all had a great deal of creativity in their final product. We include examples of these brochures to demonstrate the effectiveness of this exercise. These brochures were part of the narrative evaluation of our students, as the course was pass/fail. Students were given verbal feedback by their PBL facilitator as well. We present three examples of these pamphlets, and include an evaluation of these pamphlets by the faculty not shared with the students in which we used the Suitability Assessment of Materials (SAM) tool to assess how well the students had met the goal of developing a useful tool for patient education and an on-line readability tool that assesses the readability of the patient education materials by several readability assays.
Urologist's Impact on Needle Core Prostate Biopsy Histopathologic Variables Within a Single Institution

Objective To assess the urologist's impact on prostate needle core biopsy variables including number of containers submitted, total core length, longest core length, and individual core length threshold values, and to elucidate the relationship between these variables and cancer detection rate within a recent cohort. Methods A retrospective search was performed to identify patients who had an extended transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate needle core biopsy between 2008 and 2013. Results One thousand one prostate biopsies were analyzed. Total core length (mean 13.2-22.9 cm, P P P P Conclusion Submitting urologist significantly impacts prostate biopsy metrics. An increased amount of tissue per container was associated with higher rates of cancer per container. A nonsignificant change in cancer detection rate was observed when container number was reduced from 12-14 to 6-9.
Tumor Biomarkers in Spindle Cell Variant Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck.

ObjectiveTo determine biomarkers of recurrence and survival in patients with spindle cell variant squamous cell carcinoma (SpSCC) of the head and neck.Study DesignRetrospective case control study.S...
Eddy Current Measurement for Characterizing Soft Tissues

Real-time and non-invasive imaging of tissues and detection of diseases on millimeter to centimeter scales can be useful in some clinical applications such as determination of margins during cancer surgery and image-guided pathology. In this paper, we describe an eddy current measurement method for characterizing soft tissues. The device consists of a pair of concentrically wound coils, a primary coil excited by a low frequency (<100 kHz) sinusoidal voltage, inducing a voltage and current in the secondary detecting coil. When a conducting sample is present, eddy currents develop in the sample and alter the induced voltage and phase on the detecting coil. The output voltage and phase of the detecting coil are then monitored using lock-in amplification.Experimental measurements on porcine muscle tissue examine the effects of varying tissue macrostructure and conductivity on the eddy current detector. Three sets of experiments are presented. First, muscle samples cut into different sized grids simulating the restriction of eddy current domains show that morphological structure has a strong influence on the detector signal. Second, eddy current measurements made on porcine muscle samples at varying degrees of dehydration show that as conductivity decreases, eddy current signals also decrease. Finally, measurements on porcine muscle samples soaked overnight in deionized water complement the dehydration experiments and confirm detector voltage and phase changes decrease with decreasing conductivity.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Design and Implementation of RS Coding and Decoding of Meteorological Satellite Data Transmission

Application background of RS coding and decoding of Meteorological Satellite Data Transmission is introduced in this paper.Meanwhile,the main technical requirement and design principle of RS coding and decoding(interleave I=4)of data transmission are given.And the main performance of FPGA used in implementation of coding and decoding,the design method,implement architrave,soft flow chart,emulation map,result and debugging process are introduced in detail.
Summary of core competence of enterprise

The research situation and its trends of development of core competence was discussed and presented for scientific reference to deep research on core competence in the paper.
Anal ileostomy with sphincter preservation in patients requiring total colectomy for benign conditions.

1. An operation is described for the preservation of a continent sphincter in the performance of an anal ileostomy after total colectomy. 2. This procedure is advised in patients requiring total colectomy for benign lesions—specifically, chronic ulcerative colitis and polypoid adenomatosis of the colon. 3. Two patients with ulcerative colitis are presented in whom this operation was successfully performed.
Measures of Global Health Status on Dialysis Signal Early Rehospitalization Risk after Kidney Transplantation

Background Early rehospitalization (<30 days) after discharge from kidney transplantation (KT) is associated with poor outcomes. We explored summary metrics of pre-transplant health status that may improve the identification of KT recipients at risk for early rehospitalization and mortality after transplant. Materials and Methods We performed a retrospective cohort study of 8,870 adult (≥ 18 years) patients on hemodialysis who received KT between 2000 and 2010 at United States transplant centers. We linked Medicare data to United Network for Organ Sharing data and data from a national dialysis provider to examine pre-KT (1) Elixhauser Comorbidity Index, (2) physical function (PF) measured by the Short Form 36 Health Survey, and (3) the number of hospitalizations during the 12 months before KT as potential predictors of early rehospitalization after KT. We also explored whether these metrics are confounders of the known association between early rehospitalization and post-transplant mortality. Results The median age was 52 years (interquartile range [IQR] 41, 60) and 63% were male. 29% were rehospitalized in 1 pre-KT hospitalizations (aOR 1.32, 95% CI 1.17–1.49) were more likely to be rehospitalized. All three health status metrics and early rehospitalization were independently associated with post-KT mortality in a multivariable Cox model (adjusted hazard ratio for rehospitalization: 1.41, 95% CI 1.28–1.56) Conclusions Pre-transplant metrics of health status, measured by dialysis providers or administrative data, are independently associated with early rehospitalization and mortality risk after KT. Transplant providers may consider utilizing metrics of pre-KT global health status as early signals of vulnerability when transitioning care after KT.
Prospective and Retrospective Judgments of Time: A Neurobehavioral Analysis

Several psychopharmacological experiments on prospective judgments and one experiment on retrospective judgments of time are described briefly. Literature is reviewed supporting a relationship between prospective timing and contingent negative variation. Both these phenomena are hypothesized to result from dopaminergic neuronal activity in the prefrontal cortex, and to reflect activity of a more general behavioral regulation system. Retrospective judgments of time are hypothesized to reflect activity in some aspect of neuronal activity involved with long-term memory.
Food Security and Urban Agriculture

“Fulfilling one’s need for food in the biological sense is different from fulfilling one’s human right to food….Human rights are mainly about upholding human dignity, not about meeting physiological needs. Dignity does not come from being fed. It comes from providing for oneself. In a well-constructed society, the objective is to move toward conditions under which all people can provide for themselves.”
Natural Philosophy after the Translations: Its Role and Place in the Late Middle Ages

By the beginning of the thirteenth century, the major treatises of Greek and Arabic origin in science and natural philosophy were available in Latin translation. It is almost certain that lectures were being given on at least some of Aristotle's books on natural philosophy at the new universities of Oxford and Paris in the first decade of the thirteenth century. This is evident from the fact that in 1210, the Parisian Synod decreed, among other things, that “no lectures are to be held in Paris either publicly or privately using Aristotle's books on natural philosophy or the commentaries, and we forbid all this under pain of excommunication.” The prohibition of 1210 is a good indication that Aristotle's works on natural philosophy were readily available, for otherwise there would have been no need to ban public and private lectures on them. Although the University of Paris is not specifically mentioned in the decree, it is virtually certain that mention of public lectures is a reference to lectures at the university. To place medieval natural philosophy in its proper context, it is essential to describe the structure and character of the universities, which were indeed the “proper context” for Aristotle's natural philosophy and the commentaries on, and elaborations of, it. Indeed, it is almost as if the universities of Oxford and Paris, and their numerous successors, came into being to serve this function. THE MEDIEVAL UNIVERSITY In the course of the eleventh and twelfth centuries, Europe had rapidly become urbanized.
International Sporting Events and Human Trafficking: Effects of Mega-Events on a State’s Capacity to Address Human Trafficking

ABSTRACTRecent literature has suggested that a state’s being awarded the title of host for the Olympics or FIFA’s World Cup can increase bilateral trade flows (Rose & Spiegel, 2011) and their political status (Rhamey & Early, 2013). Another potential side effect of these large-scale events is the increase in sex tourism and human trafficking. The influx of visitors to a host state is thought to increase demand on the local sex industry. Similarly, the need to build new stadia and infrastructure arguably increases the likelihood that trafficked labor will be utilized. This article examines the record of host states in addressing human trafficking as compared to a global sample. The findings suggest that international sporting event hosts (FIFA World Cup and Olympics) are positively affected by these events when it comes to prosecuting human traffickers, but Olympic states are negatively affected in the dimension of trafficking prevention. This suggests that the Olympics produce varying demands on a state t...
The changing role of the integrated AS/RS system in achieving heuristic factory control

The hardware and software integration architecture represented by the physical AS/RS system (i.e., robotic cranes, computer workstations, and sensor-driven conveyor systems) is discussed. Modular, hierarchical functionality is implemented using object-oriented software structures that are distributed between IBM mainframes, digital minicomputers, and crane resident microprocessors. Message-passing capabilities of these distributed software modules, necessary for efficient system integration, enable the system to direct automatically the processing of an order from customer receipt, through picking, inspection, and shipping, with minimal human intervention. In the second segment of this work, the role of automated material handling and AS/RS systems in achieving the optimal navigation of product through the virtual enterprise of the future is discussed. >
Pediatric Whole Exome Sequencing: an Assessment of Parents’ Perceived and Actual Understanding.

Whole exome sequencing (WES) is an integral tool in the diagnosis of genetic conditions in pediatric patients, but concerns have been expressed about the complexity of the information and the possibility for secondary findings that need to be conveyed to those deciding about WES. Currently, there is no validated tool to assess parental understanding of WES. We developed and implemented a survey to assess perceived and actual understanding of WES in parents who consented to clinical WES for their child between July 2013 and May 2015. Fifty-three eligible surveys were returned (57% response rate). Areas with both low perceived and actual understanding about WES included how genes are analyzed and lack of protection against life insurance discrimination. Parents also had low actual understanding for two questions related to secondary findings – reporting of secondary findings in a parent (if tested) and whether secondary findings can be related to traits such as height and hair color. Further work to develop a validated tool to assess understanding of WES would be beneficial as WES is integrated more frequently into clinical care.
The Hungarian Experience on Private Enforcement and Class Actions

The article overviews Hungarian case law on private enforcement of competition law, with a view on class actions. Group litigation has still a long way to go until it can exercise its full preventive force against infringers of competition rules in Hungary. As we will show in the article, neither the Hungarian Competition Authority, nor public interest representative bodies, and not even consumers are in a position to bring damages claims in competition cases successfully and effectively.
Quantitative Reflection Imaging for the Morphology and Dynamics of Live Aplysia californica Pedal Ganglion Neurons Cultured on Nanostructured Plasmonic Crystals

We describe a reflection imaging system that consists of a plasmonic crystal, a common laboratory microscope, and band-pass filters for use in the quantitative imaging and in situ monitoring of live cells and their substrate interactions. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) provides a highly sensitive method to monitor changes in physicochemical properties occurring at metal–dielectric interfaces. Polyelectrolyte thin films deposited using the layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly method provide a reference system for calibrating the reflection contrast changes that occur when the polyelectrolyte film thickness changes and provide insight into the optical responses that originate from the multiple plasmonic features supported by this imaging system. Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations of the optical responses measured experimentally from the polyelectrolyte reference system are used to provide a calibration of the optical system for subsequent use in quantitative studies investigating live cell dyna...
Implementation, Management, and Cost of the Clean Water Act and Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan

Abstract This research is a retrospective case study designed to document the implementation, and management decisions made about a Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP) for a wastewater project in California. For this study, the project manager and qualified storm water pollution prevention practitioner (QSP) agreed to extensive interviews about the decisions made and associated costs. Through laws and regulations, constructors are required to take precautionary measures to ensure pollutants stay on jobsites as opposed to running into the storm water system. Moreover, from a practical standpoint, such research might be particularly useful for addressing the challenges constructors are having with the more stringent sustainability regulations. This study used a retrospective case study as part of an exploratory qualitative research strategy for examining the costs associated with storm water pollution prevention on a twenty acre, $48,000,000 wastewater project that had a construction schedule of two years. Cost analysis was taken from historical data and was applied in a quantity takeoff. This study was aimed at documenting some practical features of the actual implementation, management, and cost in this particular case. Results indicate the primary roles of the QSP for this project and the SWPPP cost for this project was 0.46% of the total project cost.
An analysis of point defects induced by In, Al, Ni, and Sn dopants in Bridgman-grown CdZnTe detectors and their influence on trapping of charge carriers

In this research, we studied point defects induced in Bridgman-grown CdZnTe detectors doped with Indium (In), Aluminium (Al), Nickel (Ni), and Tin (Sn). Point defects associated with different dopants were observed, and these defects were analyzed in detail for their contributions to electron/hole (e/h) trapping. We also explored the correlations between the nature and abundance of the point defects with their influence on the resistivity, electron mobility-lifetime (μτe) product, and electron trapping time. We used current-deep level transient spectroscopy to determine the energy, capture cross-section, and concentration of each trap. Furthermore, we used the data to determine the trapping and de-trapping times for the charge carriers. In In-doped CdZnTe detectors, uncompensated Cd vacancies (VCd−) were identified as a dominant trap. The VCd− were almost compensated in detectors doped with Al, Ni, and Sn, in addition to co-doping with In. Dominant traps related to the dopant were found at Ev + 0.36 eV an...
Early Literacy Experiences in the Home: A Parentâ€™s Perspective

As parents, teachers, administrators, and researchers involved in bilingual education and teacher training, the issues we face when considering home literacy experiences for bilingual preschoolers are of incredible importance. Unfortunately bilingual preschoolers are faced with the daily challenges of acquiring not only the target language, but also the pre-reading skills needed for future academic suc- cess in preschool. This article reports the results of a mixed-methods study done on parentâ€™s perceptions of literacy skills taught in the home of bilingual children. The study found that parentâ€™s perceptions of early literacy skills of bilingual learn- ers in particular, play an important role in the process of early literacy. Additionally parents demonstrate not only an interest in helping their children to read but play an â€œactiveâ€ role in their early literacy experiences. One conclusion is that language- minority parents are willing and able to help their children succeed academically. As a result teacher trainings should look into bridging the gap between parents and teachers so that schools can take advantage of these home resources. â€œI read to my child when he was in the womb, I sang to him when he was a toddler, I repeated several words, several times to him when he was five-years old. This was a great memory for me.â€ [Parent participantâ€™s response]
A Systematic Review of Interventions on Patients' Social and Economic Needs

Context Healthcare systems are experimenting increasingly with interventions to address patients’ social and economic needs. This systematic review examines how often and how rigorously interventions bridging social and medical care have been evaluated. Evidence acquisition The review included literature from PubMed published between January 2000 and February 2017. Additional studies were identified by reference searches and consulting local experts. Included studies were based in the U.S.; addressed at least one social or economic determinant of health (e.g., housing, employment, food insecurity); and were integrated within the medical care delivery system. Data from included studies were abstracted in June 2015 (studies published January 2000–December 2014) and in March 2017 (studies published January 2015–February 2017). Evidence synthesis Screening of 4,995 articles identified 67 studies of 37 programs addressing social needs. Interventions targeted a broad range of social needs and populations. Forty studies involved non-experimental designs. There was wide heterogeneity in outcome measures selected. More studies reported findings associated with process (69%) or social or economic determinants of health (48%) outcomes than health (30%) or healthcare utilization or cost (27%) outcomes. Studies reporting health, utilization, or cost outcomes reported mixed results. Conclusions Healthcare systems increasingly incorporate programs to address patients’ social and economic needs in the context of care. But evaluations of these programs to date focus primarily on process and social outcomes and are often limited by poor study quality. Higher-quality studies that include common health and healthcare utilization outcomes would advance effectiveness research in this rapidly expanding field.
Immunological Self-Nonself Discrimination and Numerous Peptide Fragments Shared by Unrelated Proteins

Ever since the X-ray crystallographic analysis of a class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigen revealed the presence of an alien peptide fragment sandwiched between its two parallel α- helices [1], the immunological self became a multitude of such pepdtide fragments, usually 15–20 residues long, derived from host proteins after intracellular processing. For the mainly intrathymic education of self to cytotoxic T cells, these fragments are presented in association with class I MHC antigens, while for the education of helper T cells, they are presented with class II MHC antigens.
Geology of Alaska Bordering the Arctic Ocean

The geology of Alaska bordering the Arctic Ocean can be visualized as a succession of depositional episodes separated by distinct tectonic or orogenic events that leave identifiable patterns in the geologic framework of the northern third of the state (Fig. 1). These six episodes are: (1) Recent to early Cretaceous, including the Gubik and Sagavanirktok Formations, the Colville and Nanushuk Groups, the Fortress Mountain Formation, Torok Formation, Okpikruak Formation, and Bathtub Graywacke; (2) Jurassic through early Permian, including the Kingak Shale, Shublik Formation, Ivishak Formation, Echooka Formation, and Siksikpuk Formation; (3) Middle Pennsylvanian through early Mississippian, including various carbonate units of the Lisburne Group, the Kayak Shale, and the Kekiktuk Conglomerate; (4) Upper and Middle Devonian, including the Kanayut Conglomerate, Hunt Fork Shale, and associated Frasnian units, and unnamed Middle Devonian sandstone and limestone units; (5) Middle and early Devonian, Silurian, Ordovician, and Cambrian, including the Skajit Limestone, Nanook Limestone, Katakturuk Dolomite, and unnamed early Paleozoic formations; and (6) Precambrian, including the Neruokpuk Quartzite and several unnamed Upper Precambrian sedimentary units in northeasternmost Alaska.
Evaluation of Thermal Stability of RNA Nanoparticles by Temperature Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (TGGE) in Native Condition

Temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (TGGE) is a powerful tool used to analyze the thermal stabilities of nucleic acids. While TGGE is a decades-old technique, it has recently gained favor in the field of RNA nanotechnology, notably in assessing the thermal stabilities of RNA nanoparticles (NPs). With TGGE, an electrical current and a linear temperature gradient are applied simultaneously to NP-loaded polyacrylamide gel, separating the negatively charged NPs based on their thermal behavior (a more stable RNA complex will remain intact through higher temperature ranges). The linear temperature gradient can be set either perpendicular or parallel to the electrical current, as either will make the NPs undergo a transition from native to denatured conformations. Often, the melting transition is influenced by sequence variations, secondary/tertiary structures, concentrations, and external factors such as the presence of a denaturing agent (e.g., urea), the presence of monovalent or divalent metal ions, and the pH of the solvent. In this chapter, we describe the experimental setup and the analysis of the thermal stability of RNA NPs in native conditions using a modified version of a commercially available TGGE system.
Preferred diffusional pathways of intrinsic defects and silicon dopants in an ordered phase of In0.5Ga0.5As: A first-principles study

Abstract Integrating III-V semiconductors into next-generation silicon-based transistors is a promising alternative being considered as a route to faster and more energy-efficient electronic devices. These III-V materials will be doped, typically with Si as a dopant. However, dopant activation remains an issue, compounded by the fact there is still insufficient knowledge of the ease and preferred mechanistic pathways by which dopants, like Si, become activated within the III-V matrix. Using Density Functional Theory calculations, we have determined many of these critically important properties, namely, the energy barriers associated with the diffusion of both intrinsic point defects and silicon impurities in a prototypical ternary III-V material, here a CuAuI-ordered In0.5Ga0.5As. Refuting assumptions in the current literature, vacancy-assisted diffusion was found to be an unfavorable mechanism for this ordered ternary alloy, unlike in GaAs. Hence, substitutional Si atoms are essentially immobile on experimental timescales. While vacancies are nearly immobile, interstitials, especially split interstitials, can move easily within the crystal lattice. These defects become significant at high Si concentration leading to the unexpected phenomenon of enhanced diffusion of Si at high concentrations, which explains experimental observations.
Advances in transferring chemical vapour deposition graphene: a review

The unique two-dimensional structure and outstanding electronic, thermal, and mechanical properties of graphene have attracted the interest of scientists and engineers from various fields. The first step in translating the excellent properties of graphene into practical applications is the preparation of large area, continuous graphene films. Chemical vapour deposition (CVD) graphene has received increasing attention because it provides access to large-area, uniform, and continuous films of high quality. However, current CVD synthetic techniques utilize metal substrates (Cu or Ni) to catalyse the growth of graphene and post-growth transfer of the graphene film to a substrate of interest is critical for most applications such as electronics, photonics, and spintronics. Here we discuss recent advances in the transfer of as-grown CVD graphene to target substrates. The methods that afford CVD graphene on a target substrate are summarized under three categories: transfer with a support layer, transfer without a support layer, and direct growth on target substrates. At present the first two groups dominate the field and research efforts are directed towards refining the choice of the support layer. The support layer plays a vital role in the transfer process because it has direct contact with the atomically thin graphene surface, affecting its properties and determining the quality of the transferred graphene.
Earthquake Motions Using a New Data Processing Scheme

The significant improvements in the reliability of ground motion and response spectrum estimates that arise from a new procedure for processing strong-motion earthquake signals using state-of-the-art filter design and implementation techniques are illustrated through a series of case studies. A comparison of results from an existing model, and the proposed model show significant differences in the ground motion and response spectrum characteristics for the same set of filter limits. Drifts in integrated velocity and displacement characteristics and theoretically incorrect asymptotic behavior of response spectrum curves arising out of the existing processing scheme have been eliminated. In addition to the importance of appropriately selecting a low-frequency limit for band-pass filtering the signals, this work demonstrates the sensitivity of the acceleration trace to the particular choice of a high-frequency limit.
Dynamics of thermally generated microbubbles

Forces acting on thermally generated microbubbles are studied by deriving a general force model. Microbubbles can be steered by moving the laser beam. In previous work, it has been shown that the attractive thermo-capillary force on the microbubble is much larger than the repulsive optical force. Thus the microbubble is attracted toward the laser beam, which has been also observed experimentally. In this work, dynamics of a microbubble is studied by steering microbubbles with a known constant velocity. Thermocapillary force on the microbubble is calculated using a developed model which is based on the experimental velocity values and compared with the thermo-capillary force values obtained from the theory. The effect of the viscous and friction forces are also considered. Microbubbles are generated in a thin container as in our previous work and the container is placed on a motorized translation stage. After the bubble is generated and trapped by the focused laser beam the translational stage is moved with a known velocity until the microbubble is separated from the beam. Then the two thermo-capillary forces are compared as a function of the microbubble (translation stage) velocity.
Submodular Generalized Matching for Peptide Identification in Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Motivation: Identification of spectra produced by a shotgun proteomics mass spectrometry experiment is commonly performed by searching the observed spectra against a peptide database. The heart of this search procedure is a score function that evaluates the quality of a hypothesized match between an observed spectrum and a theoretical spectrum corresponding to a particular peptide sequence. Accordingly, the success of a spectrum analysis pipeline depends critically upon this peptide-spectrum score function. We develop peptide-spectrum score functions that compute the maximum value of a submodular function under $m$ m matroid constraints. We call this procedure a submodular generalized matching (SGM) since it generalizes bipartite matching. We use a greedy algorithm to compute maximization, which can achieve a solution whose objective is guaranteed to be at least $\frac{1}{1+m}$ 1 1 + m of the true optimum. The advantage of the SGM framework is that known long-range properties of experimental spectra can be modeled by designing suitable submodular functions and matroid constraints. Experiments on four data sets from various organisms and mass spectrometry platforms show that the SGM approach leads to significantly improved performance compared to several state-of-the-art methods. Supplementary information, C++ source code, and data sets can be found at https://melodi-lab.github.io/SGM.
Equities and Commodities Comovements: Evidence from Emerging Markets

The financialization of commodities and their inclusion in financial portfolios as part of an investment strategy may result in higher correlations and volatility spillovers between commodity and e...
Effects of protease inhibitors on vasopressin transport across rat alveolar epithelial cell monolayers.

The transepithelial transport of arginine vasopressin (AVP) across cultured rat alveolar epithelial cell monolayers was studied. At 0.1 nM donor [125I]AVP, the radiolabel flux measured in the apical-to-basolateral (AB) direction was about 10 times greater than that in the reverse (BA) direction. HPLC analyses of the basolateral receiver fluid collected at the end of these flux measurements showed that about 97% of total [125I]label represented subspecies of AVP, whereas the apical receiver fluid contained largely intact AVP (-85% of total [125I]label). Both donor fluids contained virtually no degradation products of AVP (>99%). In the presence of an excess 0.1 mM unlabeled AVP in the apical donor fluid, the Papp for radiolabeled AVP in the AB direction was decreased by ~68%, while the fraction of intact AVP in the basolateral receiver fluid was increased six-fold as compared to that observed at 0.1 nM [125I]AVP alone. Under this condition, the flux of intact AVP was approximately the same in both directions. When the concentration of apical camostat mesylate, an aminopeptidase inhibitor, was varied from 0 to 2 mM, the radiolabeled flux in the AB direction (with 0.1 nM [125I]AVP in the donor fluid) was significantly decreased in a dose-dependent manner, yielding commensurably elevated concentrations of intact AVP in the basolateral receiver fluid. In contrast, leupeptin (0.5 mM), a serine protease inhibitor, was without effect. These data, taken together, suggest that apically-presented AVP undergoes proteolysis (most likely by peptidases localized at apical cell membranes of alveolar epithelium). It does not appear that intact AVP traverses the alveolar epithelium by saturable processes but primarily via passive diffusional pathways. Thus, the high bioavailability reported in previous studies on the pulmonary instillation and/or delivery via aerosolization of AVP is likely due to passive diffusion of the peptide utilizing the large surface area available in the distal respiratory tract of the mammalian lung. Furthermore, inclusion of appropriate protease inhibitor may increase the overall transport of intact AVP across the alveolar epithelial barrier.
Orbital impalement by a gearshift knob: case report.

Penetrating trauma to the orbit may cause complex injuries involving the bone, globe, and brain. Successful treatment requires a strategic scheme for preoperative assessment and management and a multidisciplinary surgical approach. These principles are demonstrated by report of a motor vehicle accident in which the driver sustained orbital impalement by a gearshift knob. Language: en
Parallelism, Brachiation, and Hominoid Phylogeny

A renaissance of comparative primatological studies occurred during the past 15 years. It flourishes unabated. It is characterized by intensive focuses on function and inferential phylogenies and a dazzling battery of new and refurbished gadgetry and methods ranging from electromyography and cineradiography to computers and multivariate statistics for many seasons. This, coupled with an outpouring of information on the behavior of captive and free-ranging primates, their biomolecular particularities, and a remarkable number of new fossils, promises to elucidate aspects of some primate careers in a refreshingly solid note. Hopefully man will be among this newly illuminated lot.
Complement, neutrophils and free radicals: mediators of reperfusion injury.

Myocardial ischemia of sufficient duration produces irreversible myocardial injury and cell death. Associated with the direct ischemic insult, there is the indirect attack on the jeopardized tissue through activation of the complement system. The latter, occurring in response to ischemia, facilitates neutrophil-endothelial cell interactions, neutrophil migration into and across the vascular wall, along with the formation of cytotoxic oxygen metabolites and release of proteolytic enzymes. The neutrophil dependent actions participate in extending the tissue injury beyond that due to ischemia alone. The invading neutrophils injure the myocardial vasculature and sarcolemma through the generation of oxygen free radicals
Local adaptation, genetic divergence, and experimental selection in a foundation grass across the US Great Plains' climate gradient.

Many prior studies have uncovered evidence for local adaptation using reciprocal transplant experiments. However, these studies are rarely conducted for a long enough time to observe succession and competitive dynamics in a community context, limiting inferences for long-lived species. Furthermore, the genetic basis of local adaptation and genetic associations with climate has rarely been identified. Here, we report on a long-term (6-year) experiment conducted under natural conditions focused on Andropogon gerardii, the dominant grass of the North American Great Plains tallgrass ecosystem. We focus on this foundation grass that comprises 80% of tallgrass prairie biomass and is widely used in 20,000 km2 of restoration. Specifically, we asked the following questions: (a) Whether ecotypes are locally adapted to regional climate in realistic ecological communities. (b) Does adaptive genetic variation underpin divergent phenotypes across the climate gradient? (c) Is there evidence of local adaptation if the plants are exposed to competition among ecotypes in mixed ecotype plots? Finally, (d) are local adaptation and genetic divergence related to climate? Reciprocal gardens were planted with 3 regional ecotypes (originating from dry, mesic, wet climate sources) of Andropogon gerardii across a precipitation gradient (500-1,200 mm/year) in the US Great Plains. We demonstrate local adaptation and differentiation of ecotypes in wet and dry environments. Surprisingly, the apparent generalist mesic ecotype performed comparably under all rainfall conditions. Ecotype performance was underpinned by differences in neutral diversity and candidate genes corroborating strong differences among ecotypes. Ecotype differentiation was related to climate, primarily rainfall. Without long-term studies, wrong conclusions would have been reached based on the first two years. Further, restoring prairies with climate-matched ecotypes is critical to future ecology, conservation, and sustainability under climate change.
Absence of Landau-Peierls Instability in the Magnetic Dual Chiral Density Wave Phase of Dense QCD

We investigate the stability of the magnetic dual chiral density wave (MDCDW) phase of cold and dense QCD against collective low-energy fluctuations of the order parameter. The appearance of additional structures in the system free energy due to the explicit breaking of the rotational and isospin symmetries by the external magnetic field play a crucial role in the analysis. The new structures stiffen the spectrum of the thermal fluctuations in the transverse direction, thereby avoiding the Landau-Peierls instability that affects single-modulated phases at arbitrarily low temperatures. The lack of Landau-Peierls instabilities in the MDCDW phase makes this inhomogeneous phase of dense quark matter of particular interest for the physics of neutron stars.
Effect of molecular weight on scratch and abrasive wear behaviors of thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers

Abstract The effect of molecular weight on scratch and abrasive wear behaviors of three model thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) elastomers was examined. In this study, the model TPU samples investigated were synthesized to contain different molecular weights, but with the same type and ratio of hard and soft segments. Within the range of molecular weights examined, it is found that increasing the molecular weight improves the tensile strength of the TPU samples. The variation in molecular weight has minimal influence on the morphology and surface friction of the samples. Furthermore, this study indicates that a higher molecular weight is associated with improved resistance against scratch onset of cracking/material removal and abrasive wear volume loss. Implications of the present study for the design of scratch and abrasive wear resistant TPU are discussed.
MRI of the Sacroiliac Joint in Healthy Children.

OBJECTIVE Increasing reliance on MRI for the evaluation of sacroiliitis requires that radiologists be familiar with the normal appearance of the developing sacroiliac joint. We describe age-related MRI features of the sacroiliac joints in healthy children. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Seventy healthy children from three age groups-prepubertal (8-10 years), peripubertal (11-13 years), and approaching skeletal maturity (14-17 years)-completed questionnaires and underwent sacroiliac joint MRI. Imaging studies were evaluated by three experienced pediatric radiologists. Metaphyseal-equivalent signal intensity, nonperiarticular osteitis, cartilage volume, joint fluid, enthesitis, and surface cortex irregularities were evaluated. Metaphyseal-equivalent signal intensity was evaluated using an ordinal grading system (types I-IV). Intraclass correlation coefficients were calculated to assess interrater reliability. RESULTS Increased metaphyseal-equivalent signal intensity (types I and II) was present in most prepubertal children and in less than 10% of the group approaching skeletal maturity. More prepubertal girls had type I signal than boys, but signal progressed to type IV signal faster in girls than in boys. None of the subjects had subchondral marrow edema, but four subjects had nonperiarticular osteitis. Cartilage volumes decreased with advancing age in girls and, on average, were lower in girls than in boys of the same age. One subject had measurable joint fluid. Cortex irregularities were common (57.1%), most frequently seen along the iliac bone (51.4% ilium vs 11.4% sacrum, p < 0.01) and in the upper quadrants (42.8% upper vs 27.1% lower, p = 0.01). CONCLUSION We provide valuable reference MRI descriptions of the healthy pediatric sacroiliac joint that should improve our ability to distinguish between normal and pathologic findings.
Speech and motor speech disorders and intelligibility in adolescents with Down syndrome.

The goal of this research was to assess the support for motor speech disorders as explanatory constructs to guide research and treatment of reduced intelligibility in persons with Down syndrome (DS...
MULTIPLE FACTORING FOR THE PARALLEL SOLUTION OF POWER SYSTEM PROBLEMS

A major computation required by many power system problems in both planning and operations is the solution of large sets of algebraic equations. Investigations into the use of parallel processors in the transient stability problem have shown that the forward and back substitution through the L and U factors of the Y matrix are the parts of the solution that are the least efficient in the parallel mode. This paper is concerned with that computation for large sets of simultaneous, linear, algebraic equations by a set of digital processors working in parallel. The equations are very sparse, and the processors are operating independently, so the problem becomes one of efficiently scheduling the tasks to be done. They must be done in a certain order dictated by the precedence relationships between the tasks.
FDA Approval Summary: Mogamulizumab-kpkc for Mycosis Fungoides and Sézary Syndrome.

The FDA-approved mogamulizumab-kpkc, a CC chemokine receptor type 4 (CCR4)-directed mAb, in August 2018 for treatment of adult patients with relapsed or refractory mycosis fungoides or Sezary syndrome after at least one prior systemic therapy. Regular approval was based on a randomized, open-label trial that randomized 372 such patients, with a median of 3 prior systemic therapies, to either mogamulizumab-kpkc or vorinostat. Investigator-assessed progression-free survival (PFS) was statistically significantly longer in the mogamulizumab-kpkc arm, which had an estimated median PFS of 7.6 months [95% confidence interval (CI), 5.6-10.2] compared with 3.1 months (95% CI, 2.8-4.0) in the vorinostat arm (HR = 0.53; 95% CI, 0.41-0.69). The confirmed overall response rate was 28% and 5%, respectively (P < 0.001), based on global composite response criteria. Adverse reactions occurring in at least 20% of mogamulizumab-kpkc recipients included rash, infusion-related reactions, fatigue, diarrhea, musculoskeletal pain, and upper respiratory tract infection. Serious adverse reactions occurred in 36% of patients, most often from infection. The prescribing information includes warnings for dermatologic toxicity, infusion reactions, infections, autoimmune complications, and complications of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, including severe and steroid-refractory graft-versus-host disease.See related commentary by Larocca et al., p. 7272.
Pathological Tau Induces Neurodegeneration by Sequestering and Inhibiting LSD1

Abstract Tauopathies are a class of neurodegenerative diseases associated with pathological tau. However, the mechanism through which tau contributes to neurodegeneration remains unknown. Previously, our lab implicated the histone demethylase LSD1 in tau-induced neurodegeneration by showing that LSD1 localizes to pathological tau aggregates in Alzheimer’s Disease cases, and that it is continuously required for the survival of hippocampal and cortical neurons in mice. Here, we utilize the P301S tauopathy mouse model to demonstrate that pathological tau can exclude LSD1 from the nucleus in neurons. In addition, we show that reducing LSD1 in these mice is sufficient to highly exacerbate tau-mediated neurodegeneration. Finally, we find that overexpressing LSD1 in the hippocampus of tauopathy mice, even after pathology has formed, is sufficient to significantly delay neurodegeneration. These results suggest that inhibition of LSD1 is a downstream mediator of pathological tau. Thus, LSD1 is a promising therapeutic target for tauopathies such as Alzheimer’s Disease.
Novel insights into filament-forming enzymes

Enzyme filaments are defined as reversible, functional, linear self-assemblies of a single type of enzyme. Filamentation has recently emerged as a new mode of enzymatic regulation. In this Comment, we briefly introduce the diversity and functional consequences of enzyme filamentation. Filamentation is a relatively unknown mode of enzyme regulation, which increases functional diversity.
An abdominal wall mass of exogenous insulin amyloidosis in setting of metastatic sarcoma

Exogenous insulin amyloidosis (AIns) is an iatrogenic form of amyloidosis which is found in diabetic patients, generally localized to the site of subcutaneous insulin administration. It may form a discrete mass that could come to clinical attention, and can contribute to abnormal pharmacokinetics of the exogenous insulin, resulting in worsened control of diabetes. In this case report, we describe such a lesion in a 72-year-old man with a history of type 2 diabetes and primary adrenal gland epithelioid sarcoma and discuss the diagnostic challenges it poses.
The Expedient and the Emergent: Modes of Governmentality in the Colonial Outpost

This essay examines modes of English governance in the trading outposts of seventeenth- and eighteenth-century mercantile capitalism in order to argue for the constitutive role of commercial practi...
Stress, Sleep, and Coping Self-Efficacy in Adolescents

Adults are thought to show a sleep-stress spiral in which greater stress worsens sleep quality, which amplifies stress, which leads to worse sleep. This study examined whether adolescents show a similar spiral, and if so, whether coping self-efficacy-believing one can cope with stress-interrupts the spiral. Temporal dynamics of perceived stress, sleep quality, and coping self-efficacy were tracked in 381 9th graders (49% female, mean age 14.43, age range 14-16) using daily surveys across two school weeks (3184 observations). Though expected associations were evident between individuals, only a unidirectional path was found within individuals from sleep quality to perceived stress via coping self-efficacy. This challenges the conventional bidirectional understanding of sleep-stress relations and suggests coping self-efficacy as an intervention target.