cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Reaching the Top of the Docket: Louisiana's Preference System

Since at least 1846 the Louisiana legislature has attempted to direct the order in which cases are tried in Louisiana through statutes establishing docket preferences. Scores of statutes and code articles direct Louisiana courts to try or to hear appeals of certain types of cases before others. Other statutes, sometimes referred to as expedition statutes, mandate that a court hear or decide a case within a certain time frame. Few of these statutes are used by the average practitioner; many are buried so deeply in the statute books that few lawyers know they exist. Even if one knows of the existence of these statutes, the procedural rules for asserting them are muddled, and the statutes give little guidance. The rules conflict and overlap, and they are often mired in archaic language. Many direct that a case be heard quickly, but few direct that a case be decided quickly. This article explores the history of docket preferences in Louisiana, unearths the buried statutes so that practitioners can use them if they choose, examines Louisiana’s procedural rules for requesting and applying the preferences, discusses the constitutional and ethical issues connected to docket preferences, and suggests improvements to the rules that would make them more effective.
Combined post- and pre-capillary pulmonary hypertension in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction

Over 2.5 million patients in the USA suffer from heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), and pulmonary hypertension (PH) is present in the majority of these patients. PH represents an adverse prognostic factor in HFpEF and has been identified as a potential therapeutic target to improve symptoms and outcomes. The recognition and investigation of a subset of patients with superimposed pulmonary vascular disease (on top of pulmonary venous hypertension) has led to further subclassification of PH due to left heart disease (PH-LHD) into two categories: isolated post-capillary PH and combined post- and pre-capillary PH (CpcPH). In this review, we (1) describe the evolution of the diagnostic criteria of PH-LHD; (2) identify the diagnostic modalities that can be utilized for the identification of patients with CpcPH-HFpEF; (3) review the literature on the prevalence, clinical characteristics, and prognostic factors of CpcPH-HFpEF; (4) discuss recent and ongoing clinical trials investigating the effectiveness of selective pulmonary vasodilators in PH-LHD; and (5) propose future areas for further investigation of the etiology and pathophysiological mechanisms contributing to the development of CpcPH and highlight important considerations in the design of future trials to promote better characterization of this clinical entity. CpcPH-HFpEF is a distinct subset within HFpEF and one that may respond to targeted therapeutics.
Biomass and biofuel supply chain modeling and optimization

This chapter describes the key opportunities and challenges in modeling and optimization of the biomass and biofuel supply chain (BSC). It demonstrates the necessity and advantages of BSC modeling and optimization. Critical components of the BSC are presented, along with a comprehensive analysis of the uniqueness of the BSC. This chapter outlines the potential impacts of the BSC to the economy, environment, and society and portrays the design of a sustainable BSC. An overview of the existing methodologies for BSC modeling and optimization is presented with the focus on advanced mathematical programming tools. It covers superstructure optimization, life cycle optimization, and multiscale modeling. Challenges in both modeling and computation are identified, which call for cross-field collaboration and progress in optimization algorithms. Perspectives on the future development in BSC modeling and optimization are also presented.
Unresected pediatric myoepithelial carcinomas treated with alternating chemotherapy cycles with adjuvant radiotherapy

Myoepithelial carcinomas of soft tissue origin are rare tumors in the pediatric population. Due to the rarity of this malignancy, very few cases have been reported in the literature, and a consensus on treatment has not been established. Most myoepithelial carcinomas of soft tissue present in the extremities and are treated with surgical excision followed by adjuvant radiotherapy. We report 2 cases of pediatric myoepithelial carcinoma presenting with vertebral involvement making complete surgical removal impossible. These patients underwent chemotherapy and adjuvant radiotherapy as the main treatment for their primary tumors.
An Instructional Web Site for Student Research on the Internet

A faculty member and a librarian describe their collaboration in constructing an instructional Web site that is unique in providing both a variety of links to course-relevant Internet resources as well as links to resources on how to conduct successful research on the Internet. The Web site and the procedures for instructing students and involving them in Internet research are briefly described. The results of an evaluation by seventy-three students of their experiences in learning about the Web site and conducting Internet research are summarized, followed by a discussion of instructional changes that were introduced as a result of the evaluation. Two principles contributed to the success of the project: first, attend both to the informational content of the Internet and to the research skills that students will need; and second, build evaluation into the project from the beginning so that problems can be discovered and improvements can be quickly implemented.
1-Pyrenyl- and 3-Perylenyl-antimony(V) Derivatives for the Fluorescence Turn-On Sensing of Fluoride Ions in Water at Sub-ppm Concentrations

In the context of our work on main group-based anion sensors, we have synthesized the bromide salts of a series of tetraarylstibonium cations of general formula [ArSbPh3]+ with Ar = 9-phenanthryl ([1]+), 1-pyrenyl- ([2]+), and 3-perylenyl ([3]+). While [1]+ is not stable in water, we found that [2]+ and [3]+ can be used as sensors for the sub-ppm detection of fluoride anions in aqueous solutions consisting of 9/1 (v/v) H2O/DMSO (pH 4.8). Fluoride sensing, which rests on the formation of the fluorostiboranes 2–F and 3–F, is accompanied by a distinct turn-on fluorescence response. This response is especially marked upon conversion of [3]+ into 3–F, with a fluorescence intensity enhancement by ∼8 fold and a quantum yield of 59.2% for 3–F. The relevance of this study is established by demonstrating that [3]+ can be used as a selective fluoride sensor for bottle or tap water.
High glucocorticoid receptor content of leukemic blasts is a favorable prognostic factor in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia

We have previously shown that the number of glucocorticoid receptors (GR) per cell in malignant lymphoblasts from children with newly diagnosed pre-B- and early pre-B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has a positive correlation with the probability of successful remission induction (Quddus et al, Cancer Res, 45:6482, 1985). We report now on the long-term outcome for these patients treated on a single protocol with 3 different treatment arms, all of which included glucocorticoid pulses during maintenance therapy. GR were quantitated in leukemic cells from 546 children with ALL at the time of diagnosis. Immunophenotyping studies were performed on all specimens. Prior studies showed that in pre-B- and early pre-B-cell ALL, successful remission induction was associated with a median GR number of 9,900 sites/cell, whereas induction failure was associated with a median receptor number of 4,800 sites/cell. Long-term follow-up of these patients shows an association between higher GR number and improved prognosis. The 5-year event-free survival of 61.0% (SE 2.8%) for patients whose leukemic cells had greater than 8,000 receptors/cell and 47.3% (SE 3.3%) for those with less than 8,000 receptors/cell is significantly different (P < .001). This difference remains significant when adjusted multivariately for blast immunophenotype and clinical risk factors (P < .001) or for treatment type (P < .001). We conclude that GR number greater than 8,000 sites/leukemic cell is a favorable prognostic marker for children with acute lymphocytic leukemia. This finding offers deeper insights into molecular mechanisms of anti- leukemia therapy and suggests that manipulation of steroid receptor number might augment the antitumor response, thus opening new avenues for basic and clinical research.
Homicide in psychiatric in-patient facilities: a review, a six-year study, and a case report.

Many research studies have attempted to explore the apparent relationship between mental illness and violence. These studies have generally examined the rates of violence during one of three phases: before, after, or during psychiatric hospitalization. Violence that takes place during psychiatric hospitalization has unique implications for both patients, treatment facilities, and for research on violence. This area therefore deserves special study. This article focusses on the most extreme violence that can take place on the wards of a psychiatric facility, assaults resulting in death. This article reviews the literature in this area, reports on a study of the incidence of such occurrences in New York State, and reports in some detail on an additional case which occurred prior to the period under study. The study presented here found that amongst all psychiatric facilities in New York State in a six year period there were three cases of in-patient homicide. An average of approximately 90,000 people were served within these facilities during each of the years under study. Suggestions are made for further research in this area.
Effect of Oxygen-Coal Lance Configurations on Coal Combustion Behavior

The extent of coal combustion within the tuyere and raceway region is one key factor affecting the maximum pulverized coal injection (PCI) rate. Coal burnout strongly depends on the availability of oxygen. In this paper, a three-dimensional model is developed to simulate the lance–blowpipe–tuyere-raceway of a blast furnace. This model aims to describe the coal flow and combustion behaviors along the coal plume under different local oxygen enrichment ways. Room-temperature oxygen has two effects on coal combustion. On one hand, the cooling effect of oxygen delays the coal combustion. On the other hand, the oxygen content around the coal particles significantly increases, benefiting coal combustion. Therefore, aiming at different local oxygen enrichment ways, three different lance configurations, including a single coaxial oxygen-coal lance, a double oxygen-coal lance, and an oxygen-coal double lance, are designed. Under the single coaxial oxygen-coal lance, the burnout has the maximum increase of 4.05%. Under the double oxygen-coal lance, the burnout has the maximum increase of 12.51%. Under the oxygen-coal double lance, the burnout has the maximum increase of 12.84%. Therefore, the effect of different local oxygen enrichment ways should not be neglected.
Searching for Dialogue in Florida

(2000). Searching for Dialogue in Florida. Administrative Theory & Praxis: Vol. 22, No. 1, pp. 149-150.
Supervised Ranking Hash for Semantic Similarity Search

The era of big data has spawned unprecedented interests in developing hashing algorithms for their storage efficiency and effectiveness in fast nearest neighbor search in large-scale databases. Most of the existing hash learning algorithms focus on learning hash functions which generate binary codes by numeric quantization of some projected feature space. In this work, we propose a novel hash learning framework that encodes features' ranking orders instead of quantizing their numeric values in a number of optimal low-dimensional ranking subspaces. We formulate the ranking-based hash learning problem as the optimization of a continuous probabilistic error function using softmax approximation and present an efficient learning algorithm to solve the problem. We extensively evaluate the proposed algorithm in several datasets and demonstrate superior performance against several state-of-the-arts.
High power and high efficiency 1.8-kW pulsed diode laser bar

There is a great interest in the development of high-power, high-efficiency, and low-cost quasicontinuous wave (QCW) diode laser bars and arrays for pumping solid state lasers. We report on the development of kW-class 88x-nm diode laser bars that are based on a bipolar cascade design, in which multiple lasers are epitaxially grown in electrical series on a single substrate and separated by low-resistance tunnel junctions with resistance as low as 8.0×10−6 Ω-cm2. QCW power of 630 W was demonstrated in a 3-mm-wide minibar with 3-mm cavity length. Peak efficiency of 61% was measured with 200 μs and 14 Hz pulses, at 10°C. Further power scaling was demonstrated in a 1-cm-wide bar with 3-mm cavity length, where a record peak power of 1.8 kW was measured at 1-kA drive current. Ongoing work for further power scaling includes development of triple-junction diode laser bars.
Effect of surfactant on the morphology of Ti-MMM-2 mixed-phase materials

This paper presents a study on the synthesis of Ti-MMM-2 (Ti-MCM-48/TS-1) mixed-phase materials prepared by a one-pot method using different gemini surfactants and TPA + ions. Powder XRD and 29 Si MAS-NMR reveal that materials prepared using longer chain gemini surfactants such as 22-12-22 favored the formation of TS-1 more strongly than the shorter 16-12-16 surfactant. N 2 physisorption data shows a decrease in surface area and pore volume and an increase in pore diameter as the surfactant chain length is increased.
The quality of life of patients with cancer receiving hospice care.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the outcomes of hospice services and explore factors that affect the quality of life (QOL) of patients with cancer receiving hospice care. DESIGN: Descriptive. SETTING: Two homecare hospices in the southeastern United States. SAMPLE: Convenience sample of 118 hospice patients with a diagnosis of cancer and their primary caregivers. METHODS: The Hospice Quality of Life Index (HQLI) was administered to patients and caregivers within 48 hours of admission and after three weeks of hospice care. MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLE: QOL. FINDINGS: HQLI scores could range from a low of 25 to a high of 250. Mean HQLI scores of the patients ranged from 168-173.7; the caregivers' means ranged from 157-158. Factor analysis confirmed four subscales: physical/functional, social/spiritual, psychological, and financial well-being. The social/spiritual subscale resulted in the highest mean scores (74.9), and the physical/functional subscale had the lowest (23.9). Correlations between patient and caregiver HQLI scores were only moderate (r = 0.51-0.55) CONCLUSIONS: Overall QOL remained stable during the study period when measured by an apparently valid and reliable instrument. QOL is characterized by multidimensionality and subjectivity. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: Nurses need to design interventions to support the QOL of people who are terminally ill, with a particular focus on the physical/functional aspects of care. QOL assessment data should be collected from patients whenever possible, and outcomes of care should continue to be studied using valid and reliable tools.
Writing as Defamiliarization Processes: An Alternative Approach to Understanding Aesthetic Experience in Young Children's Poetry Writing.

This article provides a unique lens for understanding young children’s poetry writing. It focuses on defamiliarization as a cultural tool and practice to engage students’ imagination, playfulness, ...
Characterization of the underlying mechanisms of vulnerability in complex projects using dynamic network simulation

The objective of this study was to investigate the underlying mechanisms of vulnerability in complex construction projects using simulation experiments. Specifically, two hypotheses related to project vulnerability were tested: (1) project schedule performance is negatively correlated with vulnerability; (2) the level of project vulnerability is positively correlated with project exposure to uncertainty and organizational complexity. In the proposed dynamic network simulation methodology, construction projects are modeled as heterogeneous meta-networks. Project vulnerability is assessed by the decrease in meta-network efficiency due to uncertainty-induced perturbations. Project schedule deviation is used as a measure for quantifying the impacts of vulnerability on project performance outcomes. The proposed simulation methodology was implemented in three case studies of real-world construction projects. Monte-Carlo simulation experiments were conducted under different simulation scenarios consisting of varying levels of uncertainty and project planning strategies to test the hypotheses.
Feeding ecology of generalist consumers: a case study of invasive blue catfish Ictalurus furcatus in Chesapeake Bay, Virginia, USA

Globally, invasive species cause extensive economic damage and are a major threat to biodiversity. Generalist species are particularly dangerous invaders, as they can thrive in degraded habitats and endure environmental stochasticity, often outcompeting more specialized native taxa. Blue catfish Ictalurus furcatus were first introduced into the Chesapeake Bay during the 1970s, and now form dense populations in several tidal rivers. Despite being labeled as a dangerous invasive, the feeding ecology of this species is largely unknown. We used a stratified random design to collect stomachs from 16,110 blue catfish in tidal freshwater, oligohaline, and mesohaline segments of the James, Pamunkey, Mattaponi, and Rappahannock Rivers. Indices of diet breadth and omnivory reveal that blue catfish are generalist omnivores with some of the highest diet breadths ever observed in an estuarine fish species, while trophic level calculations demonstrate that blue catfish are a mesopredator occupying lower trophic levels than previously claimed. Cumulative prey curves revealed that large numbers of stomachs are necessary to adequately characterize the diet of blue catfish, thus previous diet descriptions of this species should be considered with caution. Blue catfish feed primarily on invasive aquatic vegetation and Asian clams, though the economically-valuable blue crab Callinectes sapidus is also consumed regularly. While the per capita impact of blue catfish on imperiled native species appears to be low, this impact could still be substantial due to high population densities.
Muslim Mobilization Between Self-Organization, State-Recognized Consultative Bodies and Political Participation

The practical accomplishments of representative bodies for state-Islam consultations or Islam Councils (e.g., Conseil francais du culte musulman, Deutsche Islamkonferenz) continue to be a matter of controversy, with some national bodies of Muslim religious representatives lying in disrepair or dysfunction. But these Councils have exerted an important influence on the claims-making behavior of federated Muslim religious associations and thereby contributed to their integration into local repertoires of contention. How can we characterize responses from Muslim organizations to State-Islam Consultations? This chapter addresses the achievements of state-mosque relations and the “incorporation” outcomes that can be measured so far (1989–2011).
Motivation and Computation

Our primary perspective lies with practical procedures for strategic screening and partial/progressive prioritization when there are multiple measures containing comparative criteria for substantial sets of informational instances. Computational considerations impose constraints on combinatorial comparisons, and perception of patterns for visual verification helps to cope with complexity. The open source data analysis system called R © (R Development Core Team 2008) is well suited for this coupling of computation and cognition. We seek secondarily to provide a portal into the realms of R through exposition by example. For continuity of comparison, we concentrate on a dataset of cellular conservation characteristics for the State of Pennsylvania (Myers et al. 2000). This has been a favorite dataset for us in illustrating innovative analytical approaches since it allows us to incorporate spatial proximity into the comparative context. This dataset is shown in Appendix 1, and provides the present point of departure. The R software can be downloaded via the R-project Web site http://www.r-project.org making it readily available to all. Appendices 2–5 offer a springboard for those who are unacquainted with R consisting of introductory learning exercises that have served as the basis for workshops to introduce R protocols.
Prime Ideals in Crossed Products

This talk is concerned with crossed products and, to a lesser extent, with more general group-graded rings. Specifically, we consider when such rings are prime or semiprime and we study the nature of their prime ideals under certain finiteness assumptions. We also include some applications to the Galois theory of noncommutative rings.
Influence of pore geometry on the effective response of porous media

The generalized method of cells (GMC) is used to study the influence of pore geometry on the effective elastic properties and inelastic response of porous materials. Periodic microstructures with four distinct pore geometries are studied and the results for effective elastic properties are compared with several other available models and experimental results. Predictions for the inelastic response of porous alumina are presented for tensile loading, as a function of pore geometry and pore volume fraction, with the inelastic behavior of the bulk material modeled using a unified visco-plasticity theory. All results are presented for discrete pore shape and discrete porosity. It is shown that pore geometry can have a significant influence on both elastic and inelastic response, that pore geometry can be associated with parameters from other models, and that the generalized method of cells is an efficient, flexible and reliable method of analysis for such problems.
A Fully Decoupled LC Tank VCO Topology for Amplitude Boosted Low Phase Noise Operation

This paper describes a general technique for reducing oscillator phase noise in LC voltage-controlled oscillators (VCOs). Phase noise is reduced using a circuit topology that decouples the LC tank from the active devices using capacitive transformers, thereby achieving a higher amplitude of oscillation not limited by the transistor breakdown voltage. Moreover, the proposed VCO topology reduces active device noise injection into the tank by further improving phase noise. As proof of concept, two VCOs operating at 16–19 GHz and 31.8–39.6 GHz, respectively, are implemented in the Global Foundries (GF) 130-nm SiGe BiCMOS 8HP technology ( $f_{T}/f_{\text {MAX}}$ of 200/280 GHz). The lower frequency VCO achieves a phase noise of −110 dBc/Hz at a 1-MHz offset from a 17-GHz carrier while the higher frequency VCO achieves a phase noise of −103.2 dBc/Hz at a 1-MHz offset from a 36-GHz carrier. The higher frequency VCO was also implemented in a second, more advanced GF 130-nm SiGe BiCMOS 8XP technology ( $f_{T}/f_{\text {MAX}}$ of 260/320 GHz), yielding a further average phase noise improvement of 1.9 dB over the 8HP version.
Energy and Dependability Enhancement by Dynamic Actuator Derating in Cyber-Physical Systems

The energy consumption of the cyber part of cyber-physical systems (CPSs) has attracted considerable attention in recent years. Increased energy consumption results in increased thermal damage to the processors requiring more frequent replacements; and in many applications, it also requires increased energy storage capacity. Fault tolerance contributes to a large fraction of the cyber energy consumption in CPS since it is implemented using redundant computations.This paper studies the use of dynamic actuator derating (i.e., artificially limiting the maximum actuator output) for reducing the required redundancy. By targeting the use of fault-tolerance, we are able to obtain significant reductions in computer energy expenditure and thermal stress without lowering the reliability. This has beneficial effects on processor lifetime and required energy storage.
Retrospective evaluation of prazosin and diazepam after thoracolumbar hemilaminectomy in dogs.

Abstract Management of urinary retention after spinal cord injury in dogs is often needed and can include use of medications to relax the urethral sphincter. This was a retrospective study evaluating two such medications, prazosin and diazepam, and whether dogs treated with these medications had different lengths of hospitalization, urinary continence levels, or development of bacteriuria compared to dogs not receiving these medications after thoracolumbar hemilaminectomy for intervertebral disc herniation (IVDH). Electronic medical records were searched for dogs that underwent CT or MRI followed by a hemilaminectomy between the 3rd thoracic and 3rd lumbar vertebra for treatment of IVDH. Dogs were grouped based on whether or not they received a medication to aid in urethral sphincter relaxation (either prazosin, diazepam, or both medications). The total length of hospitalization, urinary continence at the time of discharge, and presence of bacteriuria were recorded from the medical file. Medical records from 71 dogs were included in the analysis. There were no significant associations between administration of prazosin and/or diazepam and length of hospitalization or urinary continence scores at the time of discharge from the hospital (P > 0.05).
Caribbean Winter: by Paul Morand, Translation and introduction by Mary Gallagher, Oxford, Signal Books, 2018, 171 pp., £12.99 (paperback), ISBN 978-1909930681

Upon reading the early poetry of Saint-John Perse that commemorates his beke (descendant of white, landowning class) childhood in Guadeloupe, one cannot but be struck by Perse’s celebration of the ...
Putting Reality Into Mathematics.

AS IS well known, people differ widely in abilities because of a combination of genetic and environmental factors. One can detect marked differences in such abili ties at an early age; and for whatever reason, genetic or environmental, wide variations in the ability to work with mathematical abstractions are observed at an early age. In the upper grades these variations become extremely marked. Obviously, mathematically inclined peo ple tend to major in the subject, and a certain proportion become teachers. By inclination and training these teachers teach as they were taught, generally by the abstract modes of approach which they best comprehend. Unfortunately, this is probably not best for most people?or perhaps we should say that most people require a more gradual incline along the road to mastery of abstractions. What it comes down to is the problem of goals. Why do we teach mathematics? For production of a new generation of mathematicians? Yes, but that is only a partial goal. We also need to raise the level of mathematical competence of all students to the point where they can func tion at the wide variety of mathematical levels required by engineers, carpenters, accountants, businessmen, taxpayers, pol iticians, and housewives. There is a school of thought which seeks to make mathematics more comprehens ible and enjoyable for the majority of students by modifying the abstract ap proach and shifting toward greater use of sensory impressions. To most teachers of mathematics this may merely mean greater use of the visual sense. But tactile, kinesthetic, and motor senses are perhaps more fundamental than the visual and auditory senses. Perhaps (to sum up this point) we can "put reality into math ematics" with the use of observations based on all kinds of sensory impressions. Mathematics would have far more mean ing to most people, and probably to all, if it were used in relation to investigation of real events that people can comprehend. Many illustrations are available, but let us consider just one for the moment. Suppose that in a mathematics class you have reached the topic of exponents and have taught the meaning of x2. It is important to provide some reinforcement * in the form of substitutions of various values of and calculations of x2. Such drill is usually quite boring if extended be yond a few examples, and only the most pliant or plodding of students would calmly accept an extensive drill. The more advanced students would consider such activities beneath them. The less advanced would wonder why they should be doing it at all. But suppose that you put some reality into the situation in the following way. Hold a 12-inch ruler between your fingers at the 12-inch mark and let it hang down ward in a vertical position. Call upon a
Living in the diagram: from Utopian landscape to modest urban neighborhood

The Colonia Federal neighborhood in Mexico City presents a striking octagonal urban form. Spread out over 83 hectares adjacent to the international airport, it is home to some 12,000 people. This p...
Collaborative planning of distributed wind power generation and distribution network with large-scale heat pumps

With the advancement of clean heating projects and the integration of large-scale distributed heat pumps into rural distribution networks in northern China, power grid companies face tremendous pressure to invest in power grid upgrades, which bring opportunities for renewable power generation integration. The combination of heating by distributed renewable energy with the flexible operation of heat pumps is a feasible alternative for dealing with grid reinforcement challenges resulting from heating electrification. In this paper, a mathematical model of the collaborative planning of distributed wind power generation (DWPG) and distribution network with large-scale heat pumps is developed. In this model, the operational flexibility of the heat pump load is fully considered and the requirements of a comfortable indoor temperature are met. By applying this model, the goals of not only increasing the profit of DWPG but also reducing the cost of the power grid upgrade can be achieved.
Posterior fall-recovery training applied to individuals with chronic stroke: A single-group intervention study.

Abstract Background To assess the effects of the initial stepping limb on posterior fall recovery in individuals with chronic stroke, as well as to determine the benefits of fall-recovery training on these outcomes. Methods This was a single-group intervention study of 13 individuals with chronic stroke. Participants performed up to six training sessions, each including progressively challenging, treadmill-induced perturbations from a standing position. Progressions focused on initial steps with the paretic or non-paretic limb. The highest perturbation level achieved, the proportion of successful recoveries, step and trunk kinematics, as well as stance-limb muscle activation about the ankle were compared between the initial stepping limbs in the first session. Limb-specific outcomes were also compared between the first and last training sessions. Findings In the first session, initial steps with the non-paretic limb were associated with a higher proportion of success and larger perturbations than steps with the paretic limb (p = 0.02, Cohen's d = 0.8). Paretic-limb steps were wider relative to the center of mass (CoM; p = 0.01, d = 1.3), likely due to an initial standing position with the CoM closer to the non-paretic limb (p = 0.01, d = 1.4). In the last training session, participants recovered from a higher proportion of perturbations and advanced to larger perturbations (p 0.6). There were no notable changes in kinematic or electromyography variables with training (p > 0.07, d Interpretation The skill of posterior stepping in response to a perturbation can be improved with practice in those with chronic stroke, we were not able to identify consistent underlying kinematic mechanisms behind this adaptation.
Sales of Remainder Interests: Reconciling Gradow v. United States and Section 2702

This article seeks to answer the question of whether the sale of a remainder interest for its actuarial value is exempt from transfer tax. Generally, when a taxpayer sells property for its fair market value, the taxpayer has been adequately compensated and, therefore, should not be subject to transfer tax. The sale of a remainder interest, however, raises various questions that are not present when property is sold outright. The sale of a remainder interest divides the underlying property into two split-interests: the remainder interest and the retained or present interest. The fair market value of split-interests is commonly determined using actuarial methods. Because the actuarial value of a remainder interest is substantially less than the fair market value of the underlying property, the sale of a remainder interest for its actuarial value is viewed by many as allowing the taxpayer to transfer property to the remainderman for less consideration than is required in an outright sale. Consequently, the sale of a remainder interest for its actuarial value, although such value represents the fair market value of the remainder interest, raises the question of whether the seller has been adequately compensated for the transfer of the underlying property to the remainderman. If the actuarial value of the remainder interest does not represent adequate compensation for the transfer of the underlying property to the remainderman, the taxpayer may be subject to both the gift tax and the estate tax. If the taxpayer does not receive adequate and full consideration, the gift tax applies at the time the remainder interest is sold. If the taxpayer holds the retained interest until death, section 2036(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (the "Code") pulls the underlying property back into the taxpayer's gross estate, unless the transfer is a bona fide sale for adequate and full consideration.
Supraventricular Tachycardia Without Preexcitation as a Cause of Cardiac Arrest

Background: Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) without the presence of ventricular preexcitation in pediatric patients with a structurally normal heart is generally considered a benign condition. However, in children with fast atrioventricular nodal (AVN) conduction, SVT can be rapid and potentially life threatening. Objective: We report cases in which cardiac arrest was the first manifestation of SVT. Methods: This is a single center retrospective review. Patients less than 21 …
Timecourse of Morbidity Onset Among Adults Living With Cerebral Palsy

Introduction Despite the greater risk of an array of morbidities, little is known about when morbidities occur for adults with cerebral palsy. The objective of this study is to determine the timecourse of morbidity risk/development for adults with cerebral palsy and the effect by patient-level factors. Methods Cross-sectional data from 2016 were used from a random 20% sample from the fee-for-service Medicare database. Diagnosis codes identified adults aged ≥18 years with cerebral palsy and 16 clinically relevant morbidities. Qualitative and quantitative approaches identified the age where each morbidity became exceedingly prevalent. The effect of the timecourse by sex, race, and co-occurring intellectual disabilities and epilepsy was examined. Data were sequestered and analyzed in 2020. Results Among 16,818 adults with cerebral palsy, the prevalence of most morbidities was already high among those aged 18–30 years, and all morbidities increased with age except liver disease and anxiety. Hypertension and diabetes exhibited a positive linear trend with age. Of the morbidities that did not exhibit a linear trend, the qualitative and quantitative approaches were consistent considering that the cardiorespiratory diseases, osteoarthritis, renal disease, and dementia became exceedingly more prevalent at age >50 years, whereas the threshold was >60 years for depression, cancer, and metastatic cancer. There were interactions with sex, race, and co-occurring intellectual disabilities and epilepsy for some of the morbidities. Conclusions Morbidity prevalence is already elevated early in adulthood among individuals living with cerebral palsy, with an abrupt increase by age 50 years. Preventive efforts should be adopted early in the lifespan and not later than age 50 years for adults with cerebral palsy.
Towards intercultural competence: Using consensus to identify essential personality traits for an inclusive extension education workforce

The rapid diversification of workforces and client stakeholder groups has prompted a growing emphasis on diversity, equity, and inclusion as a critical component of professional development across industry sectors. While the proliferation of intercultural competence training models has increased awareness among employers and workforces, the competencies advocated in these models may not always be relevant to an organization or institution’s operational context. This study addresses the need for contextually grounded intercultural competency models targeted to extension education contexts. Using a three-phased Delphi approach, data were gathered from a panel of 36 intercultural competency experts. The panel identified nine personal traits thought to be critical for the recruitment and development of culturally competent extension educators. The authors explain how these results may be used to recruit extension educators with traits conducive to engagement with a broad audience of stakeholders using culturally sensitive and responsive techniques. Given the distinct processes by which different components of intercultural competence are developed, we recommend specific measures and techniques administrators can utilize to recruit and develop extension educators who possess the agreed-upon intercultural personality traits.
Invited:Hardware-aware Real-time Myocardial Segmentation Quality Control in Contrast Echocardiography

Automatic myocardial segmentation of contrast echocardio-graphy has shown great potential in the quantification of myocardial perfusion parameters. Segmentation quality control is an important step to ensure the accuracy of segmentation results for quality research as well as its clinical application. Usually, the segmentation quality control happens after the data acquisition. At the data acquisition time, the operator could not know the quality of the segmentation results. On-the-fly segmentation quality control could help the operator to adjust the ultrasound probe or retake data if the quality is unsatisfied, which can greatly reduce the effort of time-consuming manual correction. However, it is infeasible to deploy state-of-the-art DNN-based models because the segmentation module and quality control module must fit in the limited hardware resource on the ultrasound machine while satisfying strict latency constraints. In this paper, we propose a hardware-aware neural architecture search framework for automatic myocardial segmentation and quality control of contrast echocardiography. We explicitly incorporate the hardware latency as a regularization term into the loss function during training. The proposed method searches the best neural network architecture for the segmentation module and quality prediction module with strict latency.
Cortisol in early childhood moderates the association between family routines and observed affective balance in children from low-income backgrounds.

The study of emotion regulation often addresses control of negative emotion. Researchers have proposed that affective balance is an indicator of emotion regulation that incorporates the role of positive emotion in the context of negative emotional experiences. Environmental and individual factors, such as family processes and biological stress regulation, are known to shape emotion regulation. The present study investigated whether child diurnal cortisol, an indicator of biological stress regulation, moderated the association between family routines and observed affective balance. Children (N = 222; M age = 4.70 years, SD = 0.60) from low-income households provided saliva samples to measure diurnal cortisol and completed a behavioral task designed to elicit negative emotions. Affective balance was defined as the difference score between the proportion of positive and negative emotional expressions displayed during the task. A higher affective balance score indicated greater positive compared with negative emotional displays. Simple slope analyses indicated that for children with a low morning cortisol intercept, more frequent family routines were associated with more affective balance. This pattern was not observed in children with average or high morning cortisol. Positive family routines may play an important role in shaping affective balance among children with disrupted cortisol levels from low-income backgrounds.
Moving FITS Training from the Laboratory to the Flight Line

In 2004, Middle Tennessee State University (MTSU) first conducted training on an experimental basis using a FAA-Industry Training Standards (FITS) accepted Private/Instrument curriculum. Based on the results of that and subsequent studies, the decision was made to move to full-scale implementation of this Private/Instrument curriculum beginning in January 2007. Before this course of action was chosen, a number of issues were resolved including flight school preparation, development of a Commercial FITS approved syllabus, aircraft scheduling and training time considerations, and changes to the original syllabus. Since implementation as the standard MTSU flight school curriculum, 16 students have completed the course. The mean flight times and number of setbacks experienced by students during training continue to compare favorably to traditional training methods.
Teaching and Learning Guide for Stress and Health: A Structural and Functional Analysis of Chronic Stress

Social and Personality Psychology Compass 7/7 (2013): 502–506, 10.1111/spc3.12034 Teaching and Learning Guide for Stress and Health: A Structural and Functional Analysis of Chronic Stress Matthew J. Zawadzki and Joshua M. Smyth Pennsylvania State University This guide accompanies the following article: Smyth, J. M., Zawadzki, M. J., & Gerin, W. (2013). Stress and health: A structural and functional analysis of chronic stress. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 7, 217–227. doi: 10.1111/spc3.12020. Author’s Introduction It is widely believed that “stress” is bad for health, especially stress that is considered “chronic”. Yet, deﬁning precisely what is meant by chronic has largely been absent from theoretical and empirical examinations of stress. This article provides working deﬁnitions of acute and chronic stress, discusses how chronic stress can take different forms, and focuses on delineating the conditions that tend to give rise to chronic stress. As part of this discussion, this article considers the role that various features of the environment, and how the environment is perceived, contribute to the chronicity of stress. In addition, it discusses the important role that engaging in perseverative cognitions (such as ruminating or worrying) has in leading a person to experience stress too often and for too long. More speciﬁcally, it describes how perseverative cognitions can interact with each of the conditions that give rise to chronic stress, thus exacerbating the amount (and impact) of chronic stress the person is experiencing. One take-home message is that there may not be just one “kind” of chronic stress; rather, chronic stress may arise from a range of contributing sources and may have different shapes and forms. Extending this logic, the article concludes with a discussion of how interventions to reduce stress may beneﬁt from ideographically tailoring treatment to the type(s) of chronic stress an individual is experiencing. Author Recommends Baum, A., O’Keefe, M. K., & Davidson, L. M. (1990). Acute stressors and chronic responses: The case of traumatic stress. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 20, 1643–1654. doi: 10.1111/j. 1559-1816.1990.tb01499.x Baum and colleagues describe three different ways to categorize the duration of a stress response: duration of the physical stressor, the duration of perception of the stressor as a threat, and the persistence of the response to the stressor. These factors are then discussed in terms of how singular events can cause extended physiological responding beyond the stressor being present and what would constitute a typical time of recovery. This work is drawn upon to consider the different factors that give rise to chronic stress. Brosschot, J. F., Gerin, W., & Thayer, J. F. (2006). The perseverative cognition hypothesis: A review of worry, prolonged stress-related physiological activation, and health. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 60, 113–124. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2005.06.074 © 2013 John Wiley & Sons Ltd
A study of volume vs. frequency for soft switching converters

The present study is concerned with determining the volume vs. frequency for the 6 kW converters with forced-air cooling. Both circuits have the same physical layout, but one is operated as a zero-voltage-switching/zero-current-switching (ZVS/ZCS) converter while the other is operated as a more conventional phase-shift converter. Since the switching losses are lower for the ZVS/ZCS converter, its optimum frequency is somewhat higher than the phase-shift converter and its minimum volume is somewhat less. Both circuits actually achieve minimum volume below 20 kHz because of the heat sink requirements, and, if both are restricted to operate above 20 kHz, the volume of the phase-shift converter grows much faster than that of the ZVS/ZCS converter as the frequency increases. It is shown that the volume of the heat sink + reactive components at 20 kHz will be about 70% greater for the phase-shift than for the ZVS/ZCS converter. >
Graph coloring and the immersion order

The relationship between graph coloring and the immersion order is considered. Vertex connectivity, edge connectivity and related issues are explored. These lead to the conjecture that, if G requires at least t colors, then G must have immersed within it Kt, the complete graph on t vertices. Evidence in support of such a proposition is presented. For each fixed value of t, there can be only a finite number of minimal counterexamples. These counterexamples are characterized based on Kempe chains, connectivity, cutsets and degree bounds. It is proved that minimal counterexamples must, if any exist, be both 4-vertex-connected and t-edge-connected.
Generalized flows, intrinsic stochasticity, and turbulent transport

The study of passive scalar transport in a turbulent velocity field leads naturally to the notion of generalized flows, which are families of probability distributions on the space of solutions to the associated ordinary differential equations which no longer satisfy the uniqueness theorem for ordinary differential equations. Two most natural regularizations of this problem, namely the regularization via adding small molecular diffusion and the regularization via smoothing out the velocity field, are considered. White-in-time random velocity fields are used as an example to examine the variety of phenomena that take place when the velocity field is not spatially regular. Three different regimes, characterized by their degrees of compressibility, are isolated in the parameter space. In the regime of intermediate compressibility, the two different regularizations give rise to two different scaling behaviors for the structure functions of the passive scalar. Physically, this means that the scaling depends on Prandtl number. In the other two regimes, the two different regularizations give rise to the same generalized flows even though the sense of convergence can be very different. The “one force, one solution” principle is established for the scalar field in the weakly compressible regime, and for the difference of the scalar in the strongly compressible regime, which is the regime of inverse cascade. Existence and uniqueness of an invariant measure are also proved in these regimes when the transport equation is suitably forced. Finally incomplete self similarity in the sense of Barenblatt and Chorin is established.