cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Improved conversion efficiencies for n-fatty acid reduction to primary alcohols by the solventogenic acetogen "Clostridium ragsdalei".

“Clostridium ragsdalei” is an acetogen that ferments synthesis gas (syngas, predominantly H2:CO2:CO) to ethanol, acetate, and cell mass. Previous research showed that C. ragsdalei could also convert propionic acid to 1-propanol and butyric acid to 1-butanol at conversion efficiencies of 72.3 and 21.0 percent, respectively. Our research showed that C. ragsdalei can also reduce pentanoic and hexanoic acid to the corresponding primary alcohols. This reduction occurred independently of growth in an optimized medium with headspace gas exchange (vented and gassed with CO) every 48 h. Under these conditions, conversion efficiencies increased to 97 and 100 % for propionic and butyric acid, respectively. The conversion efficiencies for pentanoic and hexanoic acid to 1-pentanol and 1-hexanol, respectively, were 82 and 62 %. C. ragsdalei also reduced acetone to 2-propanol at a conversion efficiency of 100 %. Further, we showed that C. ragsdalei uses an aldehyde oxidoreductase-like enzyme to reduce n-fatty acids to the aldehyde intermediates in a reaction that requires ferredoxin and exogenous CO.
Predicting Protein Quality of Corn‐Soy‐Milk Blends After Nonenzymatic Browning

CSM, a corn-soy-milk high-protein supplement for children, was exposed to high temperatures. Various degrees of nonenzymatic browning occurred, and product color ranged from yellow to dark brown. Progressively greater deterioration of protein quality as measured by protein efficiency ratio (PER) occurred with increasing color change as measured by Hunter color values. Protein quality was also estimated by the Tegrahymena pyriformis W bioassay and essential amino acid analysis. Linear relationships between PER, available lysine, and Hunter “L” values provided rapid methods for predicting protein quality. Correlation with PER was 0.95 using Hunter “L” and 0.88 using available lysine values. A color standard plate was developed to provide rapid field screening.
A Chva´tal-Erdos type condition for Hamiltonian graphs

For a simple graph G of order n ≧ 3, define θ(G) = min{(d(A, A))/|A|; O o A ≠ V}. We shall prove the following Chvatal–Erdős type condition: If α(G) ≦ θ(G)n, then G is Hamiltonian.
The neural substrates of cognitive empathy

Neuroscientific research has consistently found that the perception of an affective state in another activates the observer's own neural substrates for the corresponding state, which is likely the neural mechanism for "true empathy." However, to date there has not been a brain-imaging investigation of so-called "cognitive empathy", whereby one "actively projects oneself into the shoes of another person," imagining someone's personal, emotional experience as if it were one's own. In order to investigate this process, we conducted a combined psychophysiology and PET and study in which participants imagined: (1) a personal experience of fear or anger from their own past; (2) an equivalent experience from another person as if it were happening to them; and (3) a nonemotional experience from their own past. When participants could relate to the scenario of the other, they produced patterns of psychophysiological and neuroimaging activation equivalent to those of personal emotional imagery, but when they could not relate to the other's story, differences emerged on all measures, e.g., decreased psychophysiological responses and recruitment of a region between the inferior temporal and fusiform gyri. The substrates of cognitive empathy overlap with those of personal feeling states to the extent that one can relate to the state and situation of the other.
Decisions, decisions: infant language learning when multiple generalizations are possible

Two experiments presented infants with artificial language input in which at least two generalizations were logically possible. The results demonstrate that infants made one of the two generalizations tested, the one that was most statistically consistent with the particular subset of the data they received. The experiments shed light on how learners might go about solving the induction problem for human language.
Improvements on the detectability of glucose from spectroscopic signals

Frequent measurement of blood glucose is crucial for diabetic patients in managing the glucose level and thus reducing the severe complications associated with the disease. Raman spectroscopy is one of the non-invasive optical techniques that have been proposed for physiological glucose measurement. In this study, we used a relatively inexpensive, compact and portable Raman system which can be made sufficiently affordable and convenient for patient use. We applied two well-known linear transformation methods in a consecutive manner to the collected spectral data to improve the detectability of the glucose concentration information from aqueous solutions.
Fractional pixel motion estimation

In this paper, we present a novel method for sub-pixel motion estimation. Compared to traditional methods, our technique offers a significantly reduced complexity by eliminating the explicit interpolation of pixel values at a finer sampling grid and avoiding the distortion evaluation for each candidate sub-pixel motion vector. Simulation results confirm that its performance is virtually indistinguishable from that of a traditional sub-pixel motion estimator. To illustrate applications of the new method we have developed a variable resolution motion estimator. The performance of the variable resolution motion estimator is evaluated by replacement of the fixed resolution motion estimator in Simulation Model 3 of MPEG-1 video compression standard by the variable resolution motion estimator.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Repertoires of T cell receptors expressed by graft-infiltrating T cells evolve during long-term recall responses to single minor histocompatibility antigens

Long-lived mammals such as humans respond over decades with CTL and helper T lymphocytes to acute and chronic infections. Maintaining these extended recall responses requires established memory populations of sufficient size and diversity to effectively respond to these infections. Studies in mice have indicated that cytotoxic T cells that respond to secondary viral infections are principally those that were activated in primary responses and maintained through memory. However, long-term recall responses in humans must involve many more responses with increased opportunities for recruitment of naive T cells and competition between memory and naive cells. We hypothesized that increased numbers of antigenic challenges prolong selection pressure on responding T cells resulting in continuously changing populations characterized by evolving TCR repertoires. This hypothesis was tested by transplanting recipients with 10 sets of H4-incompatible skin allografts that were harvested at times of rejection for spectratyping of TCR alpha and beta transcripts expressed by graft-infiltrating T cells. Amplicons with single complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3) lengths were sequenced, and CDR3-specific primers were used for amplifications to identify graft sets in which these sequences were present. The results showed that TCR repertoires did not stabilize in these extended recall responses since the majority of identified alpha and beta CDR3s was present in varying numbers of graft sets with only a minority being present throughout. Selection for specific beta CDR3s was suggested by observed associations between the extent of the recall responses and shortened CDR3 lengths and restricted distributions of net charges in CDR3s.
Toward a theory of fuzzy information granulation and its centrality in human reasoning and fuzzy logic

There are three basic concepts that underlie human cognition: granulation, organization and causation. Informally, granulation involves decomposition of whole into parts; organization involves integration of parts into whole; and causation involves association of causes with effects. Granulation of an object A leads to a collection of granules of A, with a granule being a clump of points (objects) drawn together by indistinguishability, similarity, proximity or functionality. For example, the granules of a human head are the forehead, nose, cheeks, ears, eyes, etc. In general, granulation is hierarchical in nature. A familiar example is the granulation of time into years, months, days, hours, minutes, etc. Modes of information granulation (IG) in which the granules are crisp (c-granular) play important roles in a wide variety of methods, approaches and techniques. Crisp IG, however, does not reflect the fact that in almost all of human reasoning and concept formation the granules are fuzzy (f-granular). The granules of a human head, for example, are fuzzy in the sense that the boundaries between cheeks, nose, forehead, ears, etc. are not sharply defined. Furthermore, the attributes of fuzzy granules, e.g., length of nose, are fuzzy, as are their values: long, short, very long, etc. The fuzziness of granules, their attributes and their values is characteristic of ways in which humans granulate and manipulate information.
Key human resource issues in IS in the 1990s

Key human resource issues in information systems (IS) for the 1990s were identified by a Delphi study of IS executives and consultants. Three rounds of survey of participants were used to move opinions toward consensus. Acquiring a stronger business orientation was the top-ranked issue. Preparing a strategy to transfer certain tasks to the user was number two; number three was retraining personnel. The author discusses survey methodology, analyzes results, and provides conclusions. >
MODELING PRIMARY ATOMIZATION PROCESSES

This paper summarizes recent progress in modeling complex atomization and injector internal flow processes using a variety of numerical techniques. This program has been developed under AFOSR sponsorship with the goal of characterizing the contributions of atomization processes to combustion instabilities in liquid rocket engines. Complete viscous, unsteady simulations of spray formation (including the dense spray region) should be available within the year.
Systemic T cell adoptive immunotherapy of malignant gliomas

Object. To determine the feasibility, toxicity, and potential therapeutic benefits of systemic adoptive immunotherapy, 10 patients with progressive primary or recurrent malignant glioma received this treatment. Adoptive immunotherapy, the transfer of immune T lymphocytes, is capable of mediating the regression of experimental brain tumors in animal models. In animal models, lymph nodes (LNs) that drain the tumor vaccine site are a rich source of tumor-immune T cells. Methods. In this clinical study, patients were inoculated intradermally with irradiated autologous tumor cells and granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor as an adjuvant. Cells from draining inguinal LNs, surgically resected 7 days after vaccination, were stimulated sequentially with staphylococcal enterotoxin A and anti-CD3, and a low dose of interleukin-2 (60 IU/ml) was used to expand the stimulated cells. The maximum cell proliferation was 350-fold over 10 days of culture. The activated cells were virtually all T cells consisting ...
Extracting atmospheric profiles from hyperspectral data using particle filters

Atmospheric profiles of temperature and water vapor mixing ratio can be estimated from hyperspectral measurement of radiation intensity from the atmosphere. Current estimation methods rely on iteration and linearization to invert the non-linear radiative transfer model which relates atmospheric profiles to radiation intensity. Model inversion and atmospheric profile estimation can be accomplished with a particle filter, despite the large number of dimensions in the system state, by drawing particles toward observations in the proposal density.
Detection of antigens similar to placental antigens in mouse fertilized eggs by immunofluorescence

Fertilized mouse eggs at various stages of gestation were stained with heterologous anti-mouse placental gamma globulin by the indirect immunofluorescent method in order to determine the time of onset when fertilized eggs acquire the antigens similar to placenta. The antigens similar to placenta were shown to develop as early as the second day of development. Unfertilized eggs or fertilized eggs up to several hours after fertilization do not have the antigens reactive to rabbit anti-mouse placenta gamma globulin. Early embryo loss obtained in our previous study by the administration of the antiplacental serum into pregnant mice before the time of implantation is again emphasized to be immune-induced.
Macromolecular Aspects of the Nerve Growth Factor Proteins

A number of reviews have appeared recently(1–3) which describe the discovery and the biological properties of the nerve growth factor (NGF) in detail. Consequently, this paper will focus more on the macromolecular properties of NGF. This is particularly pertinent, since several apparently divergent reports on this subject have been published in the past two years.
Omega-3 Fatty Acids for Depression in Multiple Sclerosis: A Randomized Pilot Study

UNLABELLED Multiple sclerosis is the most common chronic disabling disease in the central nervous system in young to middle aged adults. Depression is common in multiple sclerosis (MS) affecting between 50–60% of patients. Pilot studies in unipolar depression report an improvement in depression when omega-3 fatty acids are given with antidepressants. The objective of this study was to investigate whether omega-3 fatty acid supplementation, as an augmentation therapy, improves treatment-resistant major depressive disorder (MDD) in people with MS. We performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study of omega-3 fatty acids at six grams per day over three months. The primary outcome was a 50% or greater improvement on the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). Thirty-nine participants were randomized and thirty-one completed the 3-month intervention. Improvement on MADRS between groups was not significantly different at the 3-month end point with 47.4% in the omega-3 fatty acid group and 45.5% in the placebo group showing 50% or greater improvement (p = 0.30). Omega-3 fatty acids as an augmentation therapy for treatment-resistant depression in MS was not significantly different than placebo in this pilot trial. Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation at the dose given was well-tolerated over 3 months. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00122954.
A Hematopoietic Cell L-Selectin Ligand Exhibits Sulfate-Independent Binding Activity

L-selectin is a leukocyte cell-surface glycoprotein that mediates adhesive interactions between circulating cells and vascular endothelium. All endothelial ligands of L-selectin characterized to date are glycoproteins that require sulfation for activity and share reactivity with MECA 79, a monoclonal antibody that recognizes a sulfate-dependent epitope involved in L-selectin attachment. We have recently identified by functional assay a glycoprotein L-selectin ligand expressed on the human hematopoietic cell line KG1a. We report here that this ligand is not recognized by MECA 79 and that it retains binding activity after metabolic inhibition of sulfation by chlorate. A native membrane L-selectin ligand exhibiting sulfate-independent function has not been described previously. Identification of this novel ligand on a nonendothelial cell type suggests that structural determinants conferring L-selectin binding may vary in a cell- and tissue-specific manner.
Turning BiKEs into TriKEs to fight cancer

Bispecific antibodies, capable of simultaneous recognition of tumor cells and lymphocytes or natural killer (NK) cells, and antibody-cytokine fusion proteins (also termed immunocytokines) are new types of immunotherapeutic agents. These therapeutics are designed to increase specificity and
Posterior displacement of the lamina cribrosa in glaucoma: in vivo interindividual and intereye comparisons.

PURPOSE We assessed in vivo lamina cribrosa (LC) position within the optic nerve head in glaucoma. METHODS For interindividual comparison, glaucoma patients at various stages and normal subjects were recruited. For intraindividual, intereye comparison, glaucoma patients with visual field (VF) defects in only one eye were recruited separately. Serial horizontal and vertical enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI OCT) B-scans of the optic nerve head were obtained prospectively from each participant. Mean and maximum anterior LC depths were measured in 11 equally spaced horizontal B-scans, excluding the LC insertion area under the Bruch's membrane and scleral rim. RESULTS Totals of 47 glaucomatous eyes (47 patients; VF mean deviation, -12.7±8.2 dB) and 57 normal eyes (57 subjects) were enrolled for the interindividual comparison. Mean and maximum LC depths were significantly greater in the glaucomatous than in the normal eyes in all 11 scans (all P<0.03). There were 54 glaucoma patients with VF defects in only one eye (VF mean deviation, -15.6±8.8 dB) included in the intereye comparison. Mean and maximum LC depths were significantly greater in the eyes with VF defects than in the fellow eyes with no VF defects in all 11 scans (all P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS The central and midperipheral LC is located more posteriorly in glaucomatous than in normal eyes, as well as in eyes with VF defects compared to fellow eyes with no VF defects. These results support the concept of posterior LC displacement in glaucoma and provide the basis for future in vivo human studies.
AGC and artificial dispatching based real-time control framework of power system thermal stability

The rapid growth of power loads and the lag in power grid construction make the thermal stability problem of the load centre more and more prominent. In order to improve the effectiveness and automatic level of thermal stability control of power system, a real-time control framework based on and AGC system and telecontrol was proposed. Firstly, the design principle and basic functions of real-time control of thermal stability were clarified; and then, on basis of short review and comparative analysis of three control means, a real-time control framework, that AGC serving as preventive control means and corrective control means when the overload is slight, telecontrol by dispatchers serving as corrective control means when the overload is severe, was proposed; Lastly, the key technologies of telecontrol-based control and AGC-based real-time control methods were analysed in detail. (5 pages)
SOME MONOCYCLIC AND SPIROCYCLIC FLUOROPHOSPHORANES CONTAINING 6- AND 7-MEMBERED RINGS

Abstract The reaction of 2,2-dimethyl-(1,8-naphtho[c,d])-1,3,2-dioxysilenin (3) and 2,2-dimethyldibenzo-1,3,2-dioxysilepin (4) with (C6H5)2PF3 gave the expected monocyclic fluorophosphoranes. Reaction of the same siloxy compounds with PF5 gave products which could not be purified but whose 19F nmr spectra suggested that the desired spirocyclic compounds were present in the impure products. Reaction of the siloxy compounds with C6H5PF4 did not yield identifiable products. The 19F nmr spectra of the products obtained are discussed and structures are tentatively assigned.
The Multiple Roots of Party Loyalty: Explaining Republican Dissent in the U.S. House of Representatives

Why does any member of Congress choose to be loyal to one's party? The conventional wisdom is that party loyalty stems from constituent expectations, electoral concerns, or a lawmaker's ideological beliefs. However, this neglects two other, less-instrumental reasons for sticking with a political party: partisan identity and personal connections with party leaders. I test these alternative theories as well as conventional ones on a set of key moments in the 113th Congress (2013–2014) when rebellion against House Republican leadership by the rank-and-file was especially noteworthy. The results provide some support for both the party identity and personal connection hypotheses. They also indicate that although constituency characteristics help predict the likelihood of dissent from GOP leaders, there is little evidence for the electoral hypothesis, while cross-cutting ideological preferences as well as preferences along the traditional left-right spectrum prove statistically significant. In short, evidence r...
The availability of adequate housing for older people: Issue areas for advocates

Part of the strength of the arguments posed by housing advocates for the elderly rests on why the elderly merit special attention. Using two indicators of housing need, physical adequacy and affordability, the elderly are shown to be relatively less well-off than the nonelderly both at a point in time and persistently over time. A review of the federal government's response to the elderly's housing needs suggests that the number of households in need will continue to outdistance the number of households who actually receive assistance.
Dynamic Model of the Anaerobic Digestion Process

The major problem associated with the anaerobic digestion process has been its poor record with respect to process stability as evidenced by the reports of failing digesters. A dynamic model, which predicts failure, is presented for the process. The key features of the model are: (1) The use of an inhibition function to relate volatile acid concentration and specific growth rate for the methane bacteria; and (2) consideration of the un-ionized acid as the growth-limiting substrate and inhibiting agent. The use of an inhibition function is necessary to obtain a model that will predict failure. Consideration of the un-ionized acid as the inhibiting agent resolves the conflict between volatile acid inhibition and pH inhibition because the concentration of un-ionized acid is a function of both total volatile acid concentration and pH. Experimental evidence and evidence from the bacteriological literature are presented in support of the model. Simulation studies, using a digital-analog simulation program, of both batch and continuous flow systems provide additional evidence by predicting results commonly observed in the field during the start-up, or failure, or recovery of anaerobic digesters.
Measures of scholarly journal quality are not universally applicable to determining value of advertised annual subscription price

Both end users and authors commonly evaluate scientific journals based on several popular journal metrics. Such metrics, in particular the "impact factor," carry crucial weight in terms of which journals authors choose for submitting scientific works as well as to what titles an institutional library subscribes. While previous research has focused on the value of journals in terms of "price per page," no study has investigated the relationship between common journal metrics and the price a journal advertises for an annual subscription. In the present study, we took a linear modeling approach using Akaike information criterion to determine which journal metric (impact factor, Eigenfactor score, article influence score, total cites, or proportion reviews) was the "best" predictor of the advertised annual subscription price for scientific journals. Examining three differing scientific fields (aquatic science, sociology, and immunology) and accounting for for-profit versus not-for-profit status, we found results to be field-dependent. Total cites was the best predicting metric for the annual advertised subscription price for aquatic science and immunology, while the Eigenfactor score was the best predictor for sociology. We hypothesize the relationship with price changes with differing magnitudes of citation flows in a field. Clear from our study was that no single measure of journal quality is universally applicable to determine subscription "value."
Sonographic evaluation of lumbar interlaminar space opening in a variety of patient body positions for optimal neuraxial anesthesia delivery.

Abstract Objective To find the position that provided the most comfort, as well as the widest L3-L4 interlaminar space opening. Design Pilot study. Setting Operating room. Patients Thirty-two healthy volunteers. Interventions L3-L4 interlaminar space was measured on volunteers assuming a baseline position (sitting upright) and 5 study positions: (1) sitting in fetal position, (2) sitting on a table tilted at 30°, (3) sitting while hugging an exercise ball, (4) sitting with midcalves on the table's edge, and (5) lying on one side in fetal position. Interlaminar spaces were measured to determine which position resulted in the largest interlaminar space compared with baseline. The comfort level of each position was rated by subjects using a visual analogue scale from 1 to 10. Main results The means of the interlaminar openings in all study positions were significantly different from baseline, with the "sitting fetal" having the greatest difference, (1.32mm, P P P P value=.221 and Δ=−0.40mm, P value=.164, respectively)."Sitting on a tilted table" and "sitting midcalf" showed significantly smaller interlaminar openings (Δ=−0.52mm, P value=.025 and Δ=−0.72mm, P value Conclusions Ultrasonographic measurements carried out on 32 subjects showed that "sitting fetal," "lying fetal," and "hugging a ball" positions provided the widest L3-L4 interlaminar openings. These 3 positions were also found to be more comfortable.
Dissertting the Framing Significance of Intersubjectivity Charitable Donation

Philanthropy is an important force to promote social harmony and progress,and the development charity donation is an eternal theme. In the West,charitable giving emphasizes on human values under Christianity,through the process from the traditional materials donated to the service and then donated to the organization relying on donations of professional constructed donor and the recipient of the donation pattern intersubjectivity and philosophy. Charitable donations respect the rights and obligations between subjects and the parties mutually body. In the background of national mobilization charitable,philanthropic donations between research subject,both to promote the rich philanthropic theory,especially charitable and cultural development,and can be used to guide the development of philanthropy.
The design of the smart home system based on power line communication technique

Based on power line communication technique,the smart home system has been designed and developed. With the high-speed power line communication system,the intelligentized digital district is built through the low-voltage distributing network that has the functions of logging Internet and control of smart home. This application extends a new field for smart home system and power line communication technique.
Change of Notch Signal in Lung Tissue of Rat with Pulmonary Hypertension Induced by Hypoxia

Objective To explore the change of Notch signal in lung tissue of rat with pulmonary hypertension(PH) induced by hypoxia during the development and progression of PH and pulmonary vascular remodeling.Methods Thirty-five Wistar male rats were randomly assigned to 7 groups.In addition to a control group,there were 6 hypoxic PH model groups which were treated in hypoxic environment for 1 day,3 days,1 week,2 weeks,3 weeks,4 weeks,respectively.Mean pulmonary arterial pressure(mPAP) and fulton index of hypoxic rats were measured at those different time points.Paraffin sections and HE dying of their right lungs were made in order to observe their pulmonary vascular remodeling.Notch 1,2,3,4 receptors mRNA and HERP 1,2 mRNA levels of their left lungs were detected by real time fluorescent quantitation.Software of SPSS 12.0 was used to analyze all data.Results The mPAP of hypoxic rats rose to the peak at 2 weeks point,and then maintained at a higher level,but their fulton index continued to advance.The variations of mRNA of Notch 1,3,4 receptors mRNA and HERP 1 mRNA were time-dependent,that was,the levels of Notch 1,4 receptors mRNA and HERP 1 mRNA peaked at 2 weeks after hypoxic,while when it came to Notch 3 receptor,it peaked in 1 week after hypoxic.Totally the trends of these alterations were coincident with the variations of mPAP.The level of Notch 2 receptor mRNA showed no obvious change.Conclusions During the development and progression of hypoxic PH,Notch signal alter in a time-dependent manner,and the alteration trends are coincident with the variations of mPAP.Notch signaling probably involves in the pathogenesis of pulmonary vascular remodeling of PH.1
Waveform Analysis to Estimate Respiratory Rate

Several techniques have been developed for estimation of respiratory rate (RR) from physiological waveforms. This case study presents a comparison of exemplary techniques for estimation of RR from the electrocardiogram (ECG) and photoplethysmogram (PPG) waveforms.
Performance of Passive Samplers Analyzed by Computer-Controlled Scanning Electron Microscopy to Measure PM10–2.5

We report on the precision and accuracy of measuring PM10–2.5 and its components with particles collected by passive aerosol samplers and analyzed by computer-controlled scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Passive samplers were deployed for week-long intervals in triplicate and colocated with a federal reference method sampler at three sites and for 5 weeks in summer 2009 and 5 weeks in winter 2010 in Cleveland, OH. The limit of detection of the passive method for PM10–2.5 determined from blank analysis was 2.8 μg m–3. Overall precision expressed as root-mean-square coefficient of variation (CVRMS) improved with increasing concentrations (37% for all samples, n = 30; 19% for PM10–2.5 > 10 μg m–3, n = 9; and 10% for PM10–2.5 > 15 μg m–3, n = 4). The linear regression of PM10–2.5 measured passively on that measured with the reference sampler exhibited an intercept not statistically different than zero (p = 0.46) and a slope not statistically different from unity (p = 0.92...
Predicting the quality of user contributions via LSTMs

In many collaborative systems it is useful to automatically estimate the quality of new contributions; the estimates can be used for instance to flag contributions for review. To predict the quality of a contribution by a user, it is useful to take into account both the characteristics of the revision itself, and the past history of contributions by that user. In several approaches, the user's history is first summarized into a number of features, such as number of contributions, user reputation, time from previous revision, and so forth. These features are then passed along with features of the current revision to a machine-learning classifier, which outputs a prediction for the user contribution. The summarization step is used because the usual machine learning models, such as neural nets, SVMs, etc. rely on a fixed number of input features. We show in this paper that this manual selection of summarization features can be avoided by adopting machine-learning approaches that are able to cope with temporal sequences of input.In particular, we show that Long-Short Term Memory (LSTM) neural nets are able to process directly the variable-length history of a user's activity in the system, and produce an output that is highly predictive of the quality of the next contribution by the user. Our approach does not eliminate the process of feature selection, which is present in all machine learning. Rather, it eliminates the need for deciding which features from a user's past are most useful for predicting the future: we can simply pass to the machine-learning apparatus all the past, and let it come up with an estimate for the quality of the next contribution.We present models combining LSTM and NN for predicting revision quality and show that the prediction accuracy attained is far superior to the one obtained using the NN alone. More interestingly, we also show that the prediction attained is superior to the one obtained using user reputation as a feature summarizing the quality of a user's past work. This can be explained by noting that the primary function of user reputation is to provide an incentive towards performing useful contributions, rather than to be a feature optimized for prediction of future contribution quality. We also show that the LSTM output changes in a natural way in response to user behavior, increasing when the user performs a sequence of good quality contributions, and decreasing when the user performs a sequence of low-quality work. The LSTM output for a user could thus be usefully shown to other users, alongside the user's reputation and other information.
A Seismic and Pressure Transducer System for Monitoring Velocities and Impact Pressures of Snow Avalanches

An avalanche was monitored with seismic recording equipment. Correlations between geophones placed in its track and impact the seismic and pressure signals enable apforces were measured using pressure trans- proximate velocities within an avalanche to ducers. Preliminary results indicate that geo- be estimated. The pressure signals are anaphones may provide an inexpensive and reli- lyzed and the characteristics of the avalanche able method of detecting avalanche events, discussed. Signals from these sensors can be used to start
Emulating Realistic Flash Device Errors with High Fidelity

Modern storage software is designed to guarantee data integrity and consistency based on decades of experience with the foibles of hard disk drives. However, recent research shows that flash-based SSDs may fail in different and surprising ways, breaking their contract with the software above them. This raises the question of whether the software stack's guarantees to users still hold when SSDs are substituted. In this position paper, we propose a framework to emulate the erroneous behaviors of SSDs for understanding the failure resilience of the storage software stack. We first model the device behaviors reported in previous work and create a database of realistic patterns of device errors. Based on the patterns, the framework manipulates the I/O commands at the driver level and emulates the device errors with minimal disturbance to the target software. Preliminary results show that the framework is able to emulate the device errors with high fidelity, which provides a solid foundation for further studying the failure handling of the storage software stack.
The prospects for vacuum-insulated electric machines in the generation of HVDC power

The advantages of direct-current (DC) over alternating-current (AC) for the transmission of electric power have long been recognized. Considering the transmission line per se, and neglecting terminal equipment, the advantages of DC are overwhelming, and include the following: 1. Improved utilization of the transmission corridor or cable. 2. Complete control over power flow. 3. Absence of phase-angle or synchronization problems. 4. Absence of line reactance problems.
Structural Design Exploration of an Electric Powered Multi-Propulsor Wing Configuration

Advancements in aircraft electric propulsion may enable an expanded operational envelope for electrically powered vehicles compared to their internal combustion engine counterparts. High aspect ratio wings provide additional lift and drag reduction for a proposed multi-propulsor design, however, the challenge is to reduce the weight of wing structures while maintaining adequate structural and aeroelastic margins. Design exploration using a conventional design-and-build philosophy coupled with a finite element method (FEM)-based design of experiments (DOE) strategy are presented to examine high aspect ratio wing structures that have spanwise distributed electric motors. Multiple leading-edge-mounted engine masses presented a challenge to design a wing within acceptable limits for dynamic and aeroelastic stability. Because the first four primary bending eigenmodes of the proposed wing structure are very sensitive to outboard motor placement, safety-of-flight requirements drove the need for multiple spars, rib attachments, and outboard structural reinforcements in the design. Global aeroelasticity became an increasingly important design constraint during the on-going design process, with outboard motor pod flutter ultimately becoming a primary design constraint. Designers successively generated models to examine stress, dynamics, and aeroelasticity concurrently. This research specifically addressed satisfying multi-disciplinary design criteria to generate fluid-structure interaction solution sets, and produced high aspect ratio primary structure designs for the NASA Scalable Convergent Electric Propulsion Technology and Operations Research (SCEPTOR) project in the Aeronautic Research Mission Directorate at NASA. In this paper, a dynamics-driven, quasi-inverse design methodology is presented to address aerodynamic performance goals and structural challenges encountered for the SCEPTOR demonstrator vehicle. These results are compared with a traditional computer aided design based approach.
La autopsia de Santander: el primer caso autóctono de hepatocolecistocoledocolitiasis

Santander’s autopsy report, dated in 1840, has been published without any regard for the list of errata and controversial interpretations have been made. The necessary corrections are made and gross anatomic diagnoses are proposed along with a comment.
High-end ATM switches and net management

What is ATM? Asynchronous Transfer Mode - Transport Protocol, Implemented in Hardware and Software Integrated voice, video and data Scalable in speed Consistent protocol across LAN and WAN Standard for high speed networking
Development of Sensor Prototypes and Associated Electronics

Technological improvements in fabrication of sensors and microfabrication processes have resulted in the development of high-resolution, high-sensitivity, inexpensive, and low-power microsensors for industrial, medical, security, and environmental applications. Ongoing research reveals the achievement of different sensor prototypes and smart electronics for monitoring or inspection of various physical, biomedical, or chemical substances. Design and development of a smart sensor system necessitate considerations of several parameters for reliable operation of the system. This chapter addresses two important design parameters such as power management and temperature compensation of the integrated electronic system. This will be followed by a discussion on a sensor system developed in the recent years.
The Story of Michigan State University's Rise to Influence in the Hospitality Business and the Hospitality Academy

(1996). The Story of Michigan State University's Rise to Influence in the Hospitality Business and the Hospitality Academy. Hospitality & Tourism Educator: Vol. 8, No. 2-3, pp. 14-18.
Freezing on a sphere

The best understood crystal ordering transition is that of two-dimensional freezing, which proceeds by the rapid eradication of lattice defects as the temperature is lowered below a critical threshold. But crystals that assemble on closed surfaces are required by topology to have a minimum number of lattice defects, called disclinations, that act as conserved topological charges-consider the 12 pentagons on a football or the 12 pentamers on a viral capsid. Moreover, crystals assembled on curved surfaces can spontaneously develop additional lattice defects to alleviate the stress imposed by the curvature. It is therefore unclear how crystallization can proceed on a sphere, the simplest curved surface on which it is impossible to eliminate such defects. Here we show that freezing on the surface of a sphere proceeds by the formation of a single, encompassing crystalline 'continent', which forces defects into 12 isolated 'seas' with the same icosahedral symmetry as footballs and viruses. We use this broken symmetry-aligning the vertices of an icosahedron with the defect seas and unfolding the faces onto a plane-to construct a new order parameter that reveals the underlying long-range orientational order of the lattice. The effects of geometry on crystallization could be taken into account in the design of nanometre- and micrometre-scale structures in which mobile defects are sequestered into self-ordered arrays. Our results may also be relevant in understanding the properties and occurrence of natural icosahedral structures such as viruses.
The impact of checkpoint blockade prior to adoptive cell therapy using tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes for metastatic melanoma: An update from MD Anderson Cancer Center.

138Background: Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) of autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) can produce long lasting treatment responses in patients (pts) with metastatic melanoma. In our initial...
Protein-Scaffold Directed Nanoscale Assembly of T Cell Ligands: Artificial Antigen Presentation with Defined Valency, Density, and Ratio

Tuning antigen presentation to T cells is a critical step in investigating key aspects of T cell activation. However, existing technologies have a limited ability to control the spatial and stoichiometric organization of T cell ligands on 3D surfaces. Here, we developed an artificial antigen presentation platform based on protein scaffold-directed assembly that allows fine control over the spatial and stoichiometric organization of T cell ligands on a 3D yeast cell surface. Using this system, we observed that the T cell activation threshold on a 3D surface is independent of peptide-major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) valency but instead is determined by the overall pMHC surface density. When intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) was coassembled with pMHC, it enhanced antigen recognition sensitivity by 6-fold. Further, T cells responded with different magnitudes to varying ratios of pMHC and ICAM-1 and exhibited a maximum response at a ratio of 15% pMHC and 85% ICAM-1, introducing an additional pa...
Performance Based Simulations for Membrane-based Enclosures

Conventional energy-efficient wall assemblies suffer from thermal bridging and moisture entrapment due to thick insulation cavities and multiple layers of sheathing. The experimental house demonstr...
Overview of Gene Expression Analysis: Transcriptomics

Currently, the study of the transcriptome is widely used to interpret the functional elements of the genome and molecular constituents of cells and tissues in an effort to unravel biological pathways associated with development and disease. The advent of technologies is now enabling the study of such comprehensive transcriptional characterization of mRNA, miRNA, lncRNA, and small RNA in a robust and successful manner. Transcriptomic strategies are gaining momentum across diverse areas of biological, plant sciences, medical, clinical, and pharmaceutical research for biomarker discovery, and disease diagnosis and prognosis.
Gastric Electrical Stimulation

This chapter reviews the rationale for the use of gastric electrical stimulation in children. The techniques for the placement of temporary and permanent stimulators are described. Gastric electrical stimulation is indicated in children with chronic nausea, vomiting, and early satiety with or without evidence of delayed gastric emptying, who have failed dietary and pharmacological treatment for their symptoms. Short- and medium-term outcome data are encouraging. The mechanisms by which the device provides symptom relief are not completely clear.
Impact of individual comorbidities on post-transplant outcomes for elderly patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL).

e19509Background: The Hematopoietic cell transplantation-comorbidity index (HCT-CI) predicts non-relapse mortality (NRM) and overall survival (OS) in NHL patients (pts) treated with autologous stem...
Welfare considerations: Salivary cortisol concentrations on frequency of therapy dog visits in an outpatient hospital setting: A pilot study

Abstract The animal-assisted therapy field is exponentially growing under the lack of science-based evidence of potential risks to the animals involved. Even though to become a therapy dog, the dog must pass an evaluation, most evaluations do not take into account disposition. Thus, a dog could become certified as a therapy dog but still become uncomfortable in stressful situations. Therefore, it is important to understand the magnitude of stress therapy dogs may experience during visits and if the amount of visits per month affects the level of stress. In this 4 × 4 Latin square-designed pilot study, four therapy dog teams were randomly assigned to an outpatient nursing unit at Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN. The therapy dog teams were then randomly assigned to the order of the four treatments. The treatments include: treatment A, two visits a week over the course of four weeks; treatment B, one visit a week over the course of four weeks; treatment C, two visits over the course of four weeks; treatment D, one visit over the course of four weeks. Interestingly, this study noted a dog × time effect. Dog 3, the youngest in the study, had the highest postsalivary cortisol for treatment A, C, and D. When comparing pre and postsalivary cortisol concentrations, only treatment A was significantly different (P = 0.04). This novel study was the first to assess the frequency of therapy dog visits’ effect on therapy dog salivary cortisol. In comparing baseline to postvisit salivary cortisol concentration, treatment A had a significant reduction in cortisol postvisit. These data suggest that the more frequently, two visits a week, the therapy dog visits, the lower the cortisol concentrations will be. To further evaluate the welfare and potential state of stress in therapy dogs, researchers need to collect additional biological, objective parameters and have visits uniformed and recorded for behavioral analysis.
Scalable Parallel Algorithms for Sparse Linear Systems

Large sparse linear systems occur in many scientific and engineering applications en-countered in military and civilian domains. Direct methods for solving sparse linear systems are important because of their generality and robustness. It is well known that dense matrix factorization can be implemented efficiently on distributed-memory parallel computers. Despite inherent parallelism in sparse direct methods, not much success has been achieved to date in developing their scalable parallel formulations. In this chapter we briefly survey the effords for the derivation of such formulation and we develop highly scalable formulations of sparse Cholesky factorization that substantially improve the state of the art in parallel direct solution of sparse linear systems—both in terms of scalability and overall performance. Our parallel formulation of sparse Cholesky factorization based on the multifrontal method.
The control, content, and consequences of edTPA: World language teacher educators’ perceptions

Implemented in almost 900 teacher education programs across 41 states and the District of Columbia, edTPA is marketed as a content‐specific, standardized portfolio assessment of beginning teacher performance. However, concerns about edTPA and its content specificity are pervasive. To that end, the researchers surveyed teacher educators with World Language (WL) edTPA experience (N = 88) to ascertain their perceptions of the assessment, including its impact on teacher candidates, teacher education programs, and clinical placements as well as the resources required, support experienced, and consequences perceived as a result of its implementation. Using a framework of teacher education accountability, the researchers explored issues of control, content, and consequences related to power relationships and the WL edTPA, centering on the assessment's intended content specificity, while recounting an ACTFL task force's efforts in 2016 to influence the assessment's content.