cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Purposeful Normalization When Caring for Husbands Recovering From Prostate Cancer

Despite a growing awareness that prostate cancer is a “couple’s disease,” the coping strategies, subjective distress, and emotional needs of partners are not adequately addressed. To better understand wives’ experiences and processes they enact, we recruited 28 low-income Latinas caring for husbands recovering from prostatectomies to participate in interviews at three time points. Their narratives destabilize a common focus on physical side effects and an implicit bias toward men’s reactions. We critically examine an overarching process of normalization, with underlying themes working both toward and against normality. We identified dissonance between detailed accounts of major lifestyle changes and professed normalization. We detail the women’s purposeful methods to counteract negative impacts on their lives while seeking support externally. A better understanding of women’s strategies and coping is critical to design interventions and education to both capitalize on partners’ role in recovery while also...
Outcome of influenza infection managed with oseltamivir in lung transplant recipients.

Background Influenza causes significant morbidity and mortality in lung transplant recipients and likely predisposes to obliterative bronchiolitis. Neuraminidase inhibitors shorten the duration of symptoms and virus shedding and the number of antibiotic-requiring complications in ambulatory immunocompetent patients, although the efficacy of these agents in lung transplant recipients has not been assessed previously. Methods In this study, 9 lung transplant patients who were treated with oseltamivir for influenza infections were identified and analyzed retrospectively. Results Oseltamivir was well tolerated. Infection resolved in all patients and there were no deaths. Two patients developed pneumonia shortly after their influenza infection and both responded to antibiotic therapy. None of the patients had persistent abnormalities noted on chest imaging and most did not show significant changes on pulmonary function testing. Two patients with the lowest pulmonary function test (PFT) values pre-infection had persistent defects after infection. Conclusions Oseltamivir is well tolerated in lung transplant recipients and may reduce the risk of complications, although further studies are warranted.
Overcoming Kleindeutschland : The Politics of Historical Mythmaking in the Weimar Republic

When in 1919 Friedrich Meinecke gave the highest priority to a “union with our Austrian brothers,” he was not alone in the historical profession. Implicit in this demand was a new political role for the Austrians that had been scarcely thought possible before 1918. This political conception quite naturally influenced historical writing. “The Anschluss,” wrote Hans Herzfeld, “was one of the strongest forces in Weimar historical thought.” This was true although the acceptance of Anschluss seemed to violate the heretofore preponderant kleindeutsch tradition in German historiography. This paper traces the attempt of these new forces to undermine the old kleindeutsch history.
Advancing the Assessment of Personality Pathology With the Cognitive-Affective Processing System

The Cognitive-Affective Processing System (CAPS) is a dynamic and expansive model of personality proposed by Mischel and Shoda (1995) that incorporates dispositional and processing frameworks by considering the interaction of the individual and the situation, and the patterns of variation that result. These patterns of cognition, affect, and behavior are generally defined through the use of if … then statements, and provide a rich understanding of the individual across varying levels of assessment. In this article, we describe the CAPS model and articulate ways in which it can be applied to conceptualizing and assessing personality pathology. We suggest that the CAPS model is an ideal framework that integrates a number of current theories of personality pathology, and simultaneously overcomes a number of limits that have been empirically identified in the past.
Dynamic phase analysis for cycle-close trace generation

For embedded system development, several companies provide cross-platform development tools to aid in debugging, prototyping and optimization of programs. These are full system emulation systems that can emulate the final binary to be run on the real board, its operating system and devices. Many of these emulation systems do not provide cycle level information due to the time consuming nature of cycle accurate simulation.In this paper we propose a method to provide Cycle-Close Traces of cycle-level statistics for the complete execution of the program in orders of magnitude less time than performing full cycle accurate simulation, with an average error of 3.2%. Our approach uses dynamic phase analysis to generate targeted cycle-close simulation samples. Detailed simulation results for these samples are used to produce fast cycle-close traces during a program's execution, so the user can also watch, pause and debug the currently executing code and its corresponding architecture performance characteristics at any point during execution.
Morphologic and stratigraphic evolution of muddy ebb‐tidal deltas along a subsiding coast: Barataria Bay, Mississippi River delta

The Barataria barrier coast formed between two major distributaries of the Mississippi River delta: the Plaquemines deltaic headland to the east and the Lafourche deltaic headland to the west. Rapid relative sea-level rise (1AE03 cm year )1 ) and other erosional processes within Barataria Bay have led to substantial increases in the area of open water (> 775 km 2 since 1956) and the attendant bay tidal prism. Historically, the increase in tidal discharge at inlets has produced larger channel cross-sections and prograding ebb-tidal deltas. For example, the ebb delta at Barataria Pass has built seaward >2AE 2k m since the 1880s. Shoreline erosion and an increasing bay tidal prism also facilitated the formation of new inlets. Four major lithofacies characterize the Barataria coast ebb-tidal deltas and associated sedimentary environments. These include a proximal delta facies composed of massive to laminated, fine grey-brown to pale yellow sand and a distal delta facies consisting of thinly laminated, grey to pale yellow sand and silty sand with mud layers. The higher energy proximal delta deposits contain a greater percentage of sand (75‐100%) compared with the distal delta sediments (60‐80%). Associated sedimentary units include a nearshore facies consisting of horizontally laminated, fine to very fine grey sand with mud layers and an offshore facies that is composed of grey to dark grey, laminated sandy silt to silty clay. All facies coarsen upwards except the offshore facies, which fines upwards. An evolutionary model is presented for the stratigraphic development of the ebbtidal deltas in a regime of increasing tidal energy resulting from coastal land loss and tidal prism growth. Ebb-tidal delta facies prograde over nearshore sediments, which interfinger with offshore facies. The seaward decrease in tidal current velocity of the ebb discharge produces a gradational contact between proximal and distal tidal delta facies. As the tidal discharge increases and the inlet grows in dimensions, the proximal and distal tidal delta facies prograde seawards. Owing to the relatively low gradient of the inner continental shelf, the ebb-tidal delta lithosome is presently no more than 5 m thick and is generally only 2‐3 m in thickness. The ebb delta sediment is sourced from deepening of the inlet and the associated channels and from the longshore sediment transport system. The final stage in the model envisages erosion and segmentation of the barrier chain, leading to a decrease in tidal discharge through the former major inlets. This process ultimately results in fine-grained sedimentation seaward of the inlets and the encasement of the ebb-tidal delta lithosome in mud. The ebb-tidal deltas along the Barataria coast are distinguished from most other ebb deltas along
Elements of computer music

This is a general introduction to the theory of computer music, giving details on sound, digital signal processing, math, and C programming. It assumes a strong knowledge of music.
Patient characteristics associated with artifacts in Spectralis optical coherence tomography imaging of the retinal nerve fiber layer in glaucoma.

Purpose To determine patient factors and eye conditions associated with artifacts in Spectralis optical coherence tomography (OCT) retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) scans. Design Retrospective cross-sectional study. Methods The prevalence of 12 artifact types were described in this review of 2313 eye scans from 1188 patients who underwent a complete eye examination with Spectralis OCT scanning during the period of September 2009 to July 2013. The generalized estimating equations model was used to analyze associations between increased artifact prevalence and 10 patient characteristics, which included age, sex, race, visual acuity, refractive error, astigmatism, cataract status, glaucoma staging, visual field reliability, and glaucoma diagnosis. Results A total of 1070 or 46.3% of the 2313 eye scans had at least 1 artifact. Decentration error was the most common artifact (27.8%), followed by posterior vitreous detachment artifacts (14.4%). Visual acuity of less than 20/40 ( P P P P = .0003) were associated with increased prevalence of artifacts. Conclusions Clinicians should first assess scans for artifacts before making therapeutic decisions based on RNFL thickness measurements.
RELIGION AND IDENTITY IN SOUTH ASIA AND BEYOND: Matrilineal Adoption, Inheritance Law, and Rites for the Dead among Hindus in Medieval Kerala

The Hindu law of adoption provides an exemplary case of the interaction of religion and law in traditional Indic discourse. Through an analysis the unusual case of matrilineal adoption in a late medieval legal text from the Kerala region, I argue that Hindu law rules from classic texts are neither dismissed outright nor accepted at face value. Instead, the motivations, procedures, and the notions of justice and religious efficacy of the Hindu law texts called Dharmasastra are translated into localized social, political, religious, and economic ways of life.
A Critical Evaluation of the Physical Education Program of the Rural Schools of Michigan

(1940). A Critical Evaluation of the Physical Education Program of the Rural Schools of Michigan. Research Quarterly. American Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation: Vol. 11, No. 1, pp. 121-128.
Similar-Perspective Triangles

(1929). Similar-Perspective Triangles. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 36, No. 2, pp. 67-73.
Implantation of ureters into completely isolated loops of small intestine.

ConclusionsA new and successful method of uretero-ileal-cutaneous implantation is described. The method offers advantages: (1) no contact of ureteral orifices with the fecal stream, which should reduce the incidence of infection; (2) it avoids the undesirable features of a wet colostomy, and should be applicable to the patient undergoing pelvic viscerectomy.
Multicomponent diffusion in molten LiCl-KCl: dynamical correlations and divergent Maxwell-Stefan diffusivities.

Multicomponent diffusional mechanisms in the ternary LiCl-KCl system are elucidated using the Green-Kubo formalism and equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations. The Maxwell-Stefan (MS) diffusion matrix is evaluated from the Onsager dynamical matrix that contains the diffusion flux correlation functions. From the temporal behavior of the correlation functions, we observe that the Li-Li and Li-Cl ion pairs have a pronounced cage dynamics that remains noticeably strong even at high temperatures. Even though the Onsager coefficients, which are the time integrals of the diffusion flux correlation functions, portray a relatively smooth variation across various compositions and temperatures, we observe a sign change and a divergent-like behavior for the MS diffusivity of the K-Li ion pair at a temperature of $\ensuremath{\sim}$1100 K for the eutectic composition, and at a KCl mole fraction of $\ensuremath{\sim}$0.49 at 1043 K. Negative MS diffusivities, while unusual, are however shown to satisfy the nonnegative entropic constraints.
Point Spread Function Artifacts from Structured Mid-Spatial Frequency Errors

Structured mid-spatial frequency surface errors on aspheric optics can create ghost images and reduced contrast. This reduction in performance is shown to be non-linear with surface height using Fourier methods and plane wave spectrum analysis.
Treatment of Established Status Epilepticus

Status epilepticus is the most severe form of epilepsy, with a high mortality rate and high health care costs. Status epilepticus is divided into four stages: early, established, refractory, and super-refractory. While initial treatment with benzodiazepines has become standard of care for early status epilepticus, treatment after benzodiazepine failure (established status epilepticus (ESE)) is incompletely studied. Effective treatment of ESE is critical as morbidity and mortality increases dramatically the longer convulsive status epilepticus persists. Phenytoin/fosphenytoin, valproic acid, levetiracetam, phenobarbital, and lacosamide are the most frequently prescribed antiseizure medications for treatment of ESE. To date there are no class 1 data to support pharmacologic recommendations of one agent over another. We review each of these medications, their pharmacology, the scientific evidence in support and against each in the available literature, adverse effects and safety profiles, dosing recommendations, and limitations of the available evidence. We also discuss future directions including the established status epilepticus treatment trial (ESETT). Substantial further research is urgently needed to identify these patients (particularly those with non-convulsive status epilepticus), elucidate the most efficacious antiseizure treatment with head-to-head randomized prospective trials, and determine whether this differs for convulsive vs. non-convulsive ESE.
DECOLORIZATION OF REACTIVE BLACK KN-B BY PSEUDOZYMA RUGULOSA Y48

A yeast strain Pseudozyma rugulosa Y48,which was isolated from soil by screening experiments,could effectively decolorize azo dyes.This strain gave a maximal decolorization rate of 99% for Reactive Black KN-B of initial concentration of 100 mg·L-1.The optimal culture conditions were as follow: inoculation volume ≥3%(V/V);pH 6—9;(NH4)2SO4 concentration ≥0.1% and glucose concentration ≥1%.The results on the mechanism showed that decolorization of the dye proceeded primarily by absorption and degradation.The removal of the Reactive Black KN-B molecules relied mainly on biodegradation.These results indicated that the yeast strain Y48 could have potential application in dye wastewater treatment.
Raising Authorization Awareness in a DBMS

Fine-grained authorization (FGA) is a critical feature of many database applications. The general approach to FGA both in research and practice is the following: FGA policies are enforced by rewriting queries as a function of the current user. This query rewriting suffices for supporting the functionality of FGA but essentially treats FGA as a second-class citizen — most of the DBMS is unaware of authorizations; all the authorization logic is encapsulated in a small component that performs query rewriting. In this paper, we argue that in order to engineer good performance, it is essential to treat FGA as a first-class citizen by making the core components of the DBMS authorization-aware. As concrete evidence, we propose a novel index structure that we call an authorization index and show how an optimizer can exploit it to generate plans that are significantly better than the plans obtained using the rewriting approach. We also discuss how the tightlycoupled integration of authorizations provides an interesting case for revisiting other query processing problems.
Panel: Preserving Born-digital News

This panel examines the need for digital libraries to capture and preserve journalistic content in digital formats, especially online news.
ϵ-N-trimethyl-L-δ -hydroxylysine phosphate and its nonphosphorylated compound in diatom cell walls

Abstract O-Phosphoester of ϵ-N-trimethyl-L-δ -hydroxylysine and its nonphosphorylated compound were found in the cell walls of six species of diatoms and were isolated from the proteinaceous material of Navicula pelliculosa . Final evidence for the chemical structure was obtained by comparison with the synthetic nonphosphorylated compound.
Huntington's disease. A decade of progress.

Considerable investigative attention has been accorded to Huntington’s disease (HD) in the past decade. Consequently substantive advances have been made in understanding the clinical features and pathologic consequences. Recent linkage of HD to a DNA segment mapped to chromosome 4 is a remarkable achievement that will help sustain investigative efforts.
Ergodic Properties of Markov Processes

Transition and contraction operators, operator ergodic theorem, maximum inequalities, ratio ergodic theorem, filling operators and functionals, ratio limit theorem, space-time invariance, strong and weak ergodicity and mixing, tail and invariant triviality, Harris recurrence and ergodicity, potential and resolvent operators, convergence dichotomy, recurrence dichotomy, invariant measures, distributional and pathwise limits.
Eucapnic Hyperpnea Facilitates Recovery from Inhalational Anesthesia

The present technique of slow transition from deep levels of inhalational anesthesia to the awake state is often complicated by the problems of inadequate airway protection, dangerous involuntary movements, laryngospasm and vomiting. Inefficient operating room time usage often ensues. The clinician is confronted with a dilemma at the end of the case-hyperventilation will remove volatile agent but causes hypocapnia and loss of spontaneous respiration. This we term the emergence paradox.
An intramolecular interaction within the lipid kinase Fab1 regulates cellular phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate lipid levels

Phosphorylated phosphoinositide lipids (PPIs) are low-abundance signaling molecules that control signal transduction pathways and are necessary for cellular homeostasis. The PPI phosphatidylinositol (3,5)-bisphosphate (PI(3,5)P2) is essential in multiple organ systems. PI(3,5)P2 is generated from PI3P by the conserved lipid kinase Fab1/PIKfyve. Defects in the dynamic regulation of PI(3,5)P2 are linked to human diseases. However, few mechanisms that regulate PI(3,5)P2 have been identified. Here we report an intramolecular interaction between the yeast Fab1 kinase region and an upstream conserved cysteine-rich (CCR) domain. We identify mutations in the kinase domain that lead to elevated levels of PI(3,5)P2 and impair the interaction between the kinase and CCR domain. We also identify mutations in the CCR domain that lead to elevated levels of PI(3,5)P2 Together these findings reveal a regulatory mechanism that involves the CCR domain of Fab1 and contributes to dynamic control of cellular PI(3,5)P2 synthesis.
Comparisons of stable isotope (C, H, N) signatures for revealing organic matter sources and trophic relationships in headwater streams

We compared the efficacy of stable carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen isotope ratios in identifying the resources used by insect consumers in headwater streams of southern California. We also compared ...
Decline in peak oxygen consumption over time predicts death or transplantation in adults with a Fontan circulation

Background Peak oxygen consumption (pVO 2 ) measured by cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) predicts mortality in adults with a Fontan circulation. The purpose of this study was to assess the additive prognostic value of change in pVO 2 over time. Methods We analyzed a cohort of adults (≥18years-old) with a Fontan circulation who underwent at least 2 maximal CPETs separated by 6–30months at Boston Children's Hospital between 2000 and 2015. Survival analysis was performed to determine whether changes in CPET variables, including pVO 2 between consecutive tests were associated with subsequent clinical events. The primary outcome was transplant-free survival. Results The study included 130 patients with 287 CPET test pairs. Average age was 26.6±9.5years. Baseline pVO 2 averaged 22.0±5.7mL/kg/min or 60.9±13.7% predicted. In the cohort overall, there was no change in mean pVO 2 between sequential CPETs. Eleven patients died and 2 underwent transplant. On average, pVO 2 declined for patients who subsequently died or underwent transplant but remained stable among those who did not (−9.8±14.6% vs. 0.0±13.0%, P 2 between CPETs were at greater risk of death or transplantation (per 10% decrease in pVO 2 HR=2.0, 95%CI 1.2–3.1, P =.004). Change in pVO 2 remained a significant predictor of death or transplant after adjusting for pVO 2 at first CPET (per 10% decline in pVO 2 , HR=2.5, 95%CI 1.5–4.2, P Conclusions A decline in pVO 2 between consecutive CPETs predicts increased risk for death or transplant in adults with a Fontan circulation independent of baseline pVO 2 . These results support the additive clinical value of serial CPET in this population.
HIV Latency Gets a New Histone Mark

Transcriptional latency of integrated HIV-1 provirus represents a major obstacle to curing HIV. In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Boehm et al. (2017) identify a new lysine methyltransferase that writes a repressive histone mark associated with HIV-1 latency. The results are important for strategies to pharmacologically reverse HIV-1 latency.
Food-Induced Red Eye.

This article addresses the etiology of red eyes and a novel case of food-induced red eye. An 82-year-old white male patient reported 50 years of episodes of severe unilateral bulbar injection in either eye following ingestion of certain foods. Thinned scleras in this particular patient made the injection in his eyes more observable. Photodocumentation of this reaction after he ingested these foods is shown. It is hypothesized that this is a new explanation for an intermittent, unilateral, self-limited red eye—a food-induced red eye.
Digestion and Foraging

Foraging consists of both ecological and physiological processes best conceived as a coordinated, whole organism process. When digestive physiology – gut structure and function – is rate-limiting, most animals adjust the gut to increase capacity. Fluctuations in resource abundances, seasonal environmental changes, and aspects of the life cycle, like reproduction and migration, cause changes in diet. Such changes in diet induce adjustment or modulation of gut structure and/or function to permit high efficiency and processing capacity in response to those changes. We can thus view the flexible gut as a vital and integral component of an animal’s foraging strategy.
A novel generic organ-PET for small animal organs and tissues

In this study, we investigated sensitivity and the reconstructed spatial resolution and image quality of a prototype small animal positron emission tomography (PET) scanner designed specifically for imaging of excised murine tissue and organs. We aimed to demonstrate that a cost-effective silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) array based design with thin crystals (2 mm) to minimize depth of interaction errors might be able to achieve sub-millimeter resolution. It was hypothesized that the substantial decrease in sensitivity associated with the thin crystals could be compensated for with increased solid angle detection, longer acquisitions, higher activity and wider acceptance energy windows (due to minimal scatter from excised organs).
Gout: Diagnosis and Management

What is the accuracy of clinical decision tools and imaging for the diagnosis of gout in the primary care setting, and how effective are medications used to treat and prevent gout?
Community control as a relationship between a place-based population and institution: The case of a community land trust:

Community control is a concept used to identify and promote efforts at collective resource ownership as a response to heightened inequality and capital mobility. The term has been used widely in po...
Forensic Challenges: Degraded DNA, Mixtures, and LCN

This chapter explores some forensic challenges including degraded DNA samples, mixtures, and low levels of DNA. Environmental exposure degrades DNA molecules by randomly breaking them into smaller pieces. Modern-day polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods, such as multiplex short tandem repeat (STR) typing, are powerful because minuscule amounts of DNA can be measured by amplifying them to a level where they may be detected. The chapter illustrates the size reduction principle when creating reduced-size STR amplicons or miniSTRs. Regardless of the disadvantages, reduced-size STR assays have helped make possible some of the World Trade Center victim identifications from burned and damaged bone samples. Mixtures arise when two or more individuals contribute to the sample being tested. Mixtures can be challenging to detect and interpret without extensive experience and careful training. As detection technologies have become more sensitive, using PCR coupled with fluorescent measurements, the ability to see minor components in the DNA profile of mixed samples has improved dramatically. The three categories of mixtures are labeled as Type A, Type B, and Type C. The six primary steps for interpreting mixtures are outlined and three different approaches taken with statistical analysis of mixtures are given in the chapter. Computer programs can be used to aid the process of deciphering mixture components and determining mixture ratios and statistical calculations. Low copy number (LCN) DNA testing, sometimes referred to as “low-level DNA,” typically refers to examination of less than 100 pg of input DNA or about 15 diploid cells. The chapter also discusses the issues with LCN work and precautions to ensure optimal results with low-level D.
Injury and Repair: Retinal Remodeling

Retinal remodeling is a collection of molecular and cellular revisions triggered by retinitis pigmentosa, Usher syndrome, and age-related macular degeneration. These revisions include neuronal rewiring and reprogramming; neuritogenesis and synaptogenesis; self-signaling; neuronal migration; neuronal death; glial hypertrophy; altered glial gene expression; vascular remodeling; and retinal pigmented epithelium invasion and hyperpigmentation. Some revisions begin as soon as photoreceptor stress is initiated, while others are manifest only upon complete local photoreceptor loss. Remodeling impacts the timing and potential outcomes of gene therapy, survival factor treatments, stem or progenitor cell implantation, retinal transplantation, and bionic implants.
Trends in antifungal use in US hospitals, 2006-12.

Background Although trends in antibiotic use have been characterized, less is known about antifungal use. Data on antifungal use are important for understanding practice patterns, assessing emergence of antifungal resistance and developing antifungal stewardship programmes. We estimated national trends in inpatient antifungal use in the USA. Methods Using billing data for antifungals from the Truven Health MarketScan® Hospital Drug Database during 2006-12, we estimated the proportion of discharges at which antifungals were given and days of therapy (DOT)/1000 patient days (PDs) by antifungal drug type, year, patient and facility characteristics. We created national estimates using weights generated from Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services data and assessed trends over time. Results Overall, 2.7% of all inpatients and 7.7% of those in ICUs received antifungals. The estimated DOT/1000 PDs for any antifungal was 35.0 for all inpatients and 73.7 for ICU patients. Azoles accounted for 80% of all antifungal use (28.5/1000 PDs), followed by echinocandins (5.0/1000 PDs). By multivariable trend analysis, DOT/1000 PDs for azoles (-21%) and polyenes (-47%) decreased between 2006 and 2012, whereas echinocandins increased 11% during 2006-10 and declined after 2011. Unspecified septicaemia, HIV and antineoplastic therapy were among the top primary diagnosis codes for patients who received antifungals. Conclusions Antifungals were most frequently used in ICU settings and fluconazole accounted for a large, but declining, proportion of antifungal use. Antifungal stewardship efforts may have the most impact if focused in ICUs, among certain patient groups (e.g. HIV and malignancy) and on stopping empirical antifungal therapy for unspecified sepsis when not indicated.
IS DOXYCYCLINE AN ANSWER TO PREVENT PROGRESSION OF FAMILIAL GELSOLIN TYPE AMYLOIDOSIS INVOLVING THE HEART

Hereditary gelsolin amyloidosis (HGA) is an autosomal dominant form of systemic amyloidosis, characterized mainly by cranial and sensory peripheral neuropathy and corneal lattice dystrophy. Currently no specific treatment is established for this condition. We present a case of HGA involving the
Detection of nucleic acid-loaded microbubbles in mouse hearts during ultrasound-mediated delivery

Heart disease is a leading cause of death worldwide. Recently, there has been a growing interest in nucleic acid-based therapeutics, such as microRNAs (miRs) or microRNA inhibitors (antimiRs), for cardiac repair. Previous studies have shown that regulating microRNA levels in the heart can promote proliferation of cardiac cells, decrease fibrosis, and improve cardiac function. Ultrasound targeted microbubble destruction (UTMD) is in development to focus the delivery of therapeutic nucleic acids to the heart and reduce adverse systemic effects. Microbubbles can be loaded with nucleic acids and exposed to ultrasound in order to induce cavitation and enhance delivery at the target site. In this study phospholipid-coated microbubbles were loaded with therapeutic miR mimics or antimiRs and injected intravenously in mice. Ultrasound pulses (2.5 MHz, 0.9 MPa peak negative pressure) were applied to the heart using a P4-1 array on a Verasonics Vantage ultrasound system. The ultrasound images were analyzed to detect microbubbles in the heart during treatment. Increased mean intensity during infusion was associated with increased delivery of nucleic acids to the heart as assessed with qPCR. The results suggest that quantitative analysis of ultrasound images to detect microbubbles in vivo may aid in monitoring UTMD treatment for improved cardiac health. Heart disease is a leading cause of death worldwide. Recently, there has been a growing interest in nucleic acid-based therapeutics, such as microRNAs (miRs) or microRNA inhibitors (antimiRs), for cardiac repair. Previous studies have shown that regulating microRNA levels in the heart can promote proliferation of cardiac cells, decrease fibrosis, and improve cardiac function. Ultrasound targeted microbubble destruction (UTMD) is in development to focus the delivery of therapeutic nucleic acids to the heart and reduce adverse systemic effects. Microbubbles can be loaded with nucleic acids and exposed to ultrasound in order to induce cavitation and enhance delivery at the target site. In this study phospholipid-coated microbubbles were loaded with therapeutic miR mimics or antimiRs and injected intravenously in mice. Ultrasound pulses (2.5 MHz, 0.9 MPa peak negative pressure) were applied to the heart using a P4-1 array on a Verasonics Vantage ultrasound system. The ultrasound images were analyzed to detect...
Comparison of HTC Vive™ Virtual Reality Headset Position Measures to Center of Pressure Measures:

This study was completed to validate a virtual reality (VR) headset (HTC ViveTM, Taiwan) as a tool to measure postural sway using the position and orientation tracking capabilities built into the V...
Of Malevolence and Morality: Psychopathy Dimensions Are Conducive to Helping in Highly-Distressing Moral Dilemmas

Abstract We proposed a context-dependent account of psychopathy and morality which argues that any psychopathy dimension―including those typically theorized to be maladaptive―can be conducive to helping others under appropriate contexts. In Study 1, a college sample (N = 331; Mage = 18.68) completed two-factor and Triarchic psychopathy measures and reported helping behavior, psychological distress, and task prioritization (i.e., greater attentional focus on helping execution vs. helping consequences) after simulating highly-distressing moral dilemmas. In Study 2, a college sample (N = 256; Mage = 18.55) completed the same psychopathy measures and selected one of five intervention tasks—incrementally ranging from slightly to extremely distress-inducing—for an ostensible phobic to perform under conditions in which more distressing tasks were framed as either helpful or harmful. In Study 1, psychopathy dimensions were related to greater helping, which was generally explained best by greater task prioritization. In Study 2, psychopathy dimensions generally related to selecting more distressing tasks for the phobic, even when more distressing tasks were framed as helpful. Thus, psychopathy dimensions appeared conducive to helping in highly-distressing moral dilemmas. Findings contribute preliminary empirical support for a context-dependent account and the possibility of moral manifestations within psychopathy.
Obesity and Its Complications Pathogenesis

Obesity became an epidemic public health problem and continuously increasing every year. For the longest time, the pathologic framework for obesity had been simple: caloric intake is greater than the energy output, which by far still true, however, the underlying reasons for increased energy intake and reduced energy expenditure remain largely unknown. Emerging data indicate that obesity can be oftentimes secondary to an underlying pathology, which can be due to genetics, inflammation, microbiome dysbiosis, metabolism, drugs and several other reasons. In this chapter, we described the pathology of obesity and underlying factors are linked or contributing in its progression.
Mutagen testing with the soybean assay.

The soybean (Glycine max) system tests for induction of somatic mosaicism on the leaves. This mosaicism results from genetic changes induced by the agent in question in one or more cells which are rapidly dividing. Any type of mosaicism which results in a phenotypically distinct marker can be used.
A proof of the Koebe-Andre'ev-Thurston theorem via flow from tangency packings

Recently, Connelly and Gortler gave a novel proof of the circle packing theorem for tangency packings by introducing a hybrid combinatorial-geometric operation, flip-and-flow, that allows two tangency packings whose contact graphs differ by a combinatorial edge flip to be continuously deformed from one to the other while maintaining tangencies across all of their common edges. Starting from a canonical tangency circle packing with the desired number of circles a finite sequence of flip-and-flow operations may be applied to obtain a circle packing for any desired (proper) contact graph with the same number of circles. In this paper, we extend the Connelly-Gortler method to allow circles to overlap by angles up to $\pi/2$. As a result, we obtain a new proof of the general Koebe-Andre'ev-Thurston theorem for disk packings on $\mathbb{S}^2$ with overlaps and a numerical algorithm for computing them. Our development makes use of the correspondence between circles and disks on $\mathbb{S}^2$ and hyperplanes and half-spaces in the 4-dimensional Minkowski spacetime $\mathbb{R}^{1,3}$, which we illuminate in a preliminary section. Using this view we generalize a notion of convexity of circle polyhedra that has recently been used to prove the global rigidity of certain circle packings. Finally, we use this view to show that all convex circle polyhedra are infinitesimally rigid, generalizing a recent related result.
“Love and compassion not found Elsewhere”: A Photovoice exploration of restorative justice and nonviolent communication in a community-based juvenile justice diversion program

Abstract This research study used Photovoice methodology to investigate the impact of a trauma-responsive restorative justice program for youth involved with the juvenile justice system. The 14-week program in Florida uses restorative circle practice and training in nonviolent communication (NVC) to build relationships among a diverse body of youth (ages 11–18) in order to decrease recidivism, as well as to promote individual and community well-being. Participants used smartphones to capture and share images about the program. Through a focus group circle dialogue and written quotes, participants described the how the program has helped them to grow in empathy and confidence, resolve interpersonal conflicts, and strengthen relationships. This study contributes to the literature on community-based interventions for at-risk youth by sharing a program that has benefits for youth participants and the larger community. Findings may be used to guide participatory multi-racial, multi-generational community-based restorative interventions to support at-risk youth.
Cause-specific mortality risks among U.S. veterans: 25 years after their service in the 1990-1991 gulf war.

Abstract Purpose There is concern about adverse health effects related to military service in the 1990-1991 Gulf War. This study assessed cause-specific mortality risks among Veterans who served in the war. Methods The mortality of 621,244 veterans deployed to the Gulf War was compared to that of 745,704 Veterans who served during the war but were not deployed to the Gulf Theater. Cause-specific mortality of both deployed and nondeployed was also compared to that of the US general population. Results There was no increased risk of disease-specific mortality among deployed Veterans compared to nondeployed. Deployed Veterans did have an increased risk of motor vehicle deaths compared to nondeployed Veterans, (hazard ratio, 1.12, 95% confidence interval, 1.04–1.21). Cause-specific mortality of both deployed and non–deployed Veterans was less than that of the US population. When stratified by gender, only female Veterans, both deployed and nondeployed, had increased risks of suicide compared to the female US population (standardized mortality ratio, 1.40; 95% confidence interval, 1.13–1.71 and standardized mortality ratio, 1.22; 95% confidence interval, 1.05–1.40, respectively). Conclusion There was no increased risk of disease mortality among Veterans of the 1990–1991 Gulf War. Both deployed and nondeployed female Veterans had increased risks of suicide compared to US female population.
Oral Corticosteroids Following Endoscopic Sinus Surgery for Chronic Rhinosinusitis Without Nasal Polyposis: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance Although oral corticosteroids are commonly prescribed following endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) without nasal polyposis, there are little data to suggest that this is a beneficial practice. Objective To assess the efficacy of oral corticosteroids following ESS in CRS without polyps. Design, Setting, and Participants This prospective double-blinded, placebo-controlled, randomized noninferiority clinical trial conducted in a single academic tertiary rhinology practice included adults with CRS without polyps undergoing ESS. Of 81 patients recruited, 72 completed the study. Interventions Patients were randomized into 2 treatment groups: a 12-day postoperative taper of oral prednisone vs matched placebo tablets. All study patients also received a uniform 2-week postoperative regimen of oral antibiotics, fluticasone nasal spray, and saline rinses. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome measures were Sinonasal Outcome Test-22 (SNOT-22) scores and Lund-Kennedy endoscopy scores, collected preoperatively and postoperatively at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months. Scores were compared between treatment groups at each time point using longitudinal difference between treatment groups and analyzed using 2-way, repeated measures analysis of variance. Secondary outcome measures included treatment-related adverse effects. Results Overall, 72 patients (mean [SD] age, 49.4 [14.9] years; 36 men, 36 women) completed the study, with 33 in the prednisone arm and 39 in the placebo arm. When comparing longitudinal differences between treatment groups, there was no clinically meaningful difference observed in SNOT-22 total (F[4254] = 1.71, η2 = 0.01 [95% CI, 0.00-0.05]) or Lund-Kennedy scores (F[4247] = 1.23, η2 = 0.02 [95% CI, 0.00-0.50]). In SNOT-22 subdomain analyses, there was no clinically meaningful difference between treatment groups for rhinologic, extranasal rhinologic, ear/facial, or sleep subdomains. However, the prednisone group had worse longitudinal scores for psychological dysfunction compared with the placebo group (F[4254] = 3.18, η2 = 0.05 [95% CI, 0.02-0.09]). Reported adverse effects were similar between the 2 treatment groups. Conclusions and Relevance In this randomized clinical trial of patients with CRS without polyps, oral prednisone following ESS conferred no additional benefit over placebo in terms of SNOT-22 total scores, SNOT-22 rhinologic subscores, or Lund-Kennedy endoscopy scores up to 6 months after surgery. Patients receiving prednisone, however, did demonstrate worse SNOT-22 psychologic subdomain scores. These results suggest that the risks of oral corticosteroids may outweigh the benefits; thus use of oral corticosteroids after ESS for CRS without polyps should be carefully considered. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:NCT02748070
Assessment of New York City Urgent Care Centers' Emergency Preparedness and Infection Prevention and Control Practices, 2016-2017.

BACKGROUND Urgent care centers (UCCs) have become frontline healthcare facilities for individuals with acute infectious diseases. Additionally, UCCs could potentially support the healthcare system response during a public health emergency. Investigators sought to assess NYC UCCs' implementation of nationally-recommended IPC and EP practices. METHODS Investigators identified 199 eligible UCCs based on criteria defined by the Urgent Care Association of America. Multiple facilities under the same ownership were considered a network. As part of a cross-sectional analysis, an electronic survey was sent to UCC representatives assessing their respective facilities' IPC and EP practices. Representatives of urgent care networks responded on behalf of all UCCs within the network if all sites within the network used the same policies and procedures. RESULTS Of the respondents, 18 representing 144 UCCs completed the survey. Of these, 8 of them (44.4% of the respondents) represented more than 1 facility that utilized standardized practices (range = 2-60 facilities). Overall, 81.3% have written IPC policies, 75.0% have EP policies, 80.6% require staff to train on IPC, and 75.7% train staff on EP. CONCLUSION Most UCCs reported implementation of IPC and EP practices; however, the comprehensiveness of these activities varied across UCCs. Public health can better prepare the healthcare system by engaging UCCs in planning and executing of IPC and EP-related initiatives.
Strong effect of scandium source purity on chemical and electronic properties of epitaxial ScxAl1−xN/GaN heterostructures

Epitaxial multilayer heterostructures of ScxAl1−xN/GaN with Sc contents x = 0.11–0.45 are found to exhibit significant differences in structural quality, chemical impurity levels, and electronic properties depending on the starting Sc source impurity levels. A higher purity source leads to a 2–3 orders of magnitude reduction in the carbon, oxygen, and fluorine unintentional doping densities in MBE-grown ScxAl1−xN/GaN multilayers. Electrical measurements of ScxAl1−xN/n+GaN single heterostructure barriers show a 5–7 orders of magnitude reduction in the electrical leakage for films grown with a higher purity Sc source at most Sc contents. The measured chemical and electrical properties of epitaxial ScxAl1−xN highlight the importance of the starting Sc source material purity for epitaxial device applications that need these highly piezoelectric and/or ferroelectric transition-metal nitride alloys.
Benchmarking deep generative models for diverse antibody sequence design

Computational protein design, i.e. inferring novel and diverse protein sequences consistent with a given structure, remains a major unsolved challenge. Recently, deep generative models that learn from sequences alone or from sequences and structures jointly have shown impressive performance on this task. However, those models appear limited in terms of modeling structural constraints, capturing enough sequence diversity, or both. Here we consider three recently proposed deep generative frameworks for protein design: (AR) the sequence-based autoregressive generative model, (GVP) the precise structure-based graph neural network, and Fold2Seq that leverages a fuzzy and scale-free representation of a three-dimensional fold, while enforcing structure-to-sequence (and vice versa) consistency. We benchmark these models on the task of computational design of antibody sequences, which demand designing sequences with high diversity for functional implication. The Fold2Seq framework outperforms the two other baselines in terms of diversity of the designed sequences, while maintaining the typical fold.
TRAINING STAFF TO INCREASE MANDING IN STUDENTS WITH AUTISM: TWO PRELIMINARY CASE STUDIES

Two case studies evaluated two versions of behavioral skills training on peer-to-peer manding. Case Study 1 evaluated the full package of instructions, modeling, rehearsal, and feedback, and Case Study 2 used modeling and feedback only. Both case studies employed AB designs. In both case studies, staff increased correct teaching responses, and students increased the number of independent peer-to peer mands. These pilot data suggest that staff can readily acquire teaching skills to increase peer-to-peer manding and that modeling and feedback may be sufficient to train staff to do so. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evidence for dental and dental specialty treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea. Part 1: the adult OSA patient and Part 2: the paediatric and adolescent patient.

Summary Until recently, obstructive sleep apnoea was a largely unknown condition. Because of the well-publicised death of some high-profile people resulting from untreated obstructive sleep apnoea, now mostly everyone has heard of the condition. Following diagnosis, several medical treatment modalities are available to patients. However, the role that dentistry and its various specialties can play in successful treatment for obstructive sleep apnoea should not be overlooked. The common causes for adult and paediatric obstructive sleep apnoea will be presented as well as a review of the more successful forms of dental treatment. Finally, a summary of the current evidence regarding obstructive sleep apnoea treatment will be presented.
Crystal growth kinetics of theophylline monohydrate.

The crystal growth kinetics of theophylline monohydrate from aqueous buffered supersaturated solutions were investigated at 10, 20, 30, and 40°C. Crystallization experiments were carried out isothermally at pH 6. During growth the crystal count and size distributions were monitored in situ. The growth rate was evaluated from the rate of change of the size with time at a constant value of the size distribution. The growth rate is independent of the stirring rate and the activation energy for growth is higher than the value for simple diffusion, 14.3 and 4.4 kcal/mol, respectively. This indicates that crystal growth of theophylline monohydrate is controlled by a surface reaction mechanism rather than by solute diffusion in the bulk. The growth-rate dependence on the supersaturation was compared with crystal growth theories. The data are described by the screw dislocation model and by the parabolic law, suggesting a defect-mediated growth mechanism rather than a surface nucleation mechanism.