cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Improving Accident Tolerance of Nuclear Fuel with Coated Mo-alloy Cladding

Abstract In severe loss of coolant accidents (LOCA), similar to those experienced at Fukushima Daiichi and Three Mile Island Unit 1, the zirconium alloy fuel cladding materials are rapidly heated due to nuclear decay heating and rapid exothermic oxidation of zirconium with steam. This heating causes the cladding to rapidly react with steam, lose strength, burst or collapse, and generate large quantities of hydrogen gas. Although maintaining core cooling remains the highest priority in accident management, an accident tolerant fuel (ATF) design may extend coping and recovery time for operators to restore emergency power, and cooling, and achieve safe shutdown. An ATF is required to possess high resistance to steam oxidation to reduce hydrogen generation and sufficient mechanical strength to maintain fuel rod integrity and core coolability. The initiative undertaken by Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) is to demonstrate the feasibility of developing an ATF cladding with capability to maintain its integrity in 1,200–1,500°C steam for at least 24 hours. This ATF cladding utilizes thin-walled Mo-alloys coated with oxidation-resistant surface layers. The basic design consists of a thin-walled Mo alloy structural tube with a metallurgically bonded, oxidation-resistant outer layer. Two options are being investigated: a commercially available iron, chromium, and aluminum alloy with excellent high temperature oxidation resistance, and a Zr alloy with demonstrated corrosion resistance. As these composite claddings will incorporate either no Zr, or thin Zr outer layers, hydrogen generation under severe LOCA conditions will be greatly reduced. Key technical challenges and uncertainties specific to Mo alloy fuel cladding include: economic core design, industrial scale fabricability, radiation embrittlement, and corrosion and oxidation resistance during normal operation, transients, and severe accidents. Progress in each aspect has been made and key results are discussed in this document. In addition to assisting plants in meeting Light Water Reactor (LWR) challenges, accident-tolerant Mo-based cladding technologies are expected to be applicable for use in high-temperature helium and molten salt reactor designs, as well as nonnuclear high temperature applications.
The History of Hedge Fund Regulation in the United States

The hedge fund industry in the United States evolved from a niche market participant in the early 1950s to a major industry operating in international financial markets. Hedge funds in the United States were originally privately-held, privately-managed investment funds, unregistered and exempt from federal securities regulation. With increasing investor demand and significant growth of the hedge fund industry came a tectonic shift in the regulatory framework applicable to the industry. The book chapter summarizes the regulatory evolution of the hedge fund industry.
Fluid resuscitation in circulatory shock.

This article reviews the ongoing controversy surrounding the selection of crystalloid or colloid therapy in various states of circulatory shock. Shock conditions associated with increased microvascular permeability are specifically described. Appropriate monitoring techniques are discussed as well as complications of fluid resuscitation.
The Future of Patient Engagement in the Governance of Shared Data

Background: The emerging health care system increasingly values patient engagement and shared decision-making between patients and their providers. The practice of these values is gaining importance as the patient-centered medical home model and personalized medicine come into greater use. Opportunity for Improvement: Exploration of patient preferences about personal health data use for research and quality improvement is a fundamental element of the provider-patient relationship. Giving patients an explicit opportunity to discuss their options about use of their data and implementing a process that allows patients to receive desired communications about how their information is used can help build patient trust, a requirement for successful care partnerships. Practice Advancement: Working to change organizational cultures that exclude patients from participation in important decisions related to personal health information use promotes a strong patient-provider relationship and, ultimately, lays the foundation for improved health care through expanded use of patient data.
Relationship between Temperature and Rate of Ovarian Development in the House Fly, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae)

The relationship between temperature and rate of ovarian development was determined for two strains of house flies, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae), at four constant temperatures, 18, 23, 25, and 28°C. Rates of ovarian development differed between strains. The laboratory-adapted strain demonstrated a faster rate of ovarian development than the wild-type strain. A linear, thermal-unit model was used to describe the relationship between temperature and rate of ovarian development for each strain. The temperature thresholds and the mean number of thermal units required to complete the first two gonotrophic cycles reflected the differences between the rates of ovarian development of the two strains.
Nursing for 52 prepubertal idiopathic short stature children treated with recombinant human growth hormone

Objective To explore the nursing methods for prepubertal idiopathic short stature children treated with recombinant human growth hormone.Methods Processes of nursing for 52 prepubertal idiopathic short stature children were analyzed retrospectively,the nursing methods for prepubertal idiopathic short stature children treated with recombinant human growth hormone were summarized.Results After treatment,52 children had progress in the growth of height,and at the same time it did not make children′s bone age grow faster and cause epiphyseal closure earlier.Adverse reaction of early puberty was not observed.The growth rate of height and final height in children with idiopathic short stature were improved on the basis of dose dependent manner of recombinant human growth hormone.Conclusion Based on drug treatment,suggestions for prepubertal idiopathic short stature children from aspects such as mental status,sleep,diet and exercise are benefit for rehabilitations of children.
Behavioral analysis of the huntingtin-associated protein 1 ortholog trak-1 in Caenorhabditis elegans

The precise role of huntingtin-associated protein 1 (HAP1) is not known, but studies have shown that it is important for early development and survival. A Caenorhabditis elegans ortholog of HAP1, T27A3.1 (also called trak-1), has been found and is expressed in a subset of neurons. Potential behavioral functions of three knockout lines of T27A3.1 were examined. From its suspected role in mice we hypothesize that T27A3.1 might be involved in egg hatching and early growth, mechanosensation, chemosensation, sensitivity to osmolarity, and synaptic transmission. Our studies show that the knockout worms are significantly different from the wild-type (WT) worms only in the synaptic transmission test, which was measured by adding aldicarb, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. The change in function was determined by measuring the number of worms paralyzed. However, when the T27A3.1 worms were tested for egg hatching and early growth, mechanosensation, chemosensation, and sensitivity to osmolarity, there were no significant differences between the knockout and WT worms. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reciprocity and constants of integration in photorefractive wave mixing

Reciprocity is a fundamental law in both quantum physics1 and classical physics.2 For electromagnetic scattering by a static dielectric medium, the reciprocity relationship is written as S(k,k′) = S(-k′,-k), where S(k,k′) is the amplitude-scattering coefficient for incident plane wave with wave vector k and scattered plane wave with wave vector k'. Notice that (-k',-k) is the reversed scattering process of the direct scattering (k,k′), and the reciprocity relationship stated above is valid even when the medium has absorption loss.
Statins evidence: when answers also raise questions

Sharing the data is more likely to settle the debate than another review Statins are likely to have contributed to the large reductions in cardiovascular disease that have occurred in North America and Europe. Clinical trials of these affordable drugs have a remarkable record of showing benefit, with side effects mostly uncommon and minor and resolving after discontinuation of the drug.1 Moreover, many complaints among statin users are misattributed to the drug. Nevertheless, some scientists have raised persistent concerns.2 They have asked questions about the effectiveness and adverse effects of statins, particularly in low risk populations and those not well represented in the trials. Advocates for statins equate the dissent to yelling “Fire” in a crowded theatre when no fire exists, and causing harm with words.3 Others defend the rights of well intentioned scientists and clinicians to question evidence.4 Into this fray comes a publication from some prominent clinical scientists—a review article with an attitude. The authors’ intent is to provide “the appropriate interpretation of evidence.”5 The review, which consolidates previously published information, aims to explain “how evidence from randomized trials yields reliable information about both the …
Relationships Matter: Addressing Stigma Among Children and Youth with Intellectual Disabilities and Their Peers

Social relationships are an important aspect of flourishing. For children and youth with intellectual disabilities, positive connections with peers without disabilities are especially salient. When young people with and without disabilities encounter, interact, and connect with one another in satisfying ways, social stigma may be reduced. Absent intentional planning and support, peer relationships may be less likely to develop and maintain. We discuss indicators of stigma in schools, address considerations for promoting relationships, and present promising school-based intervention approaches. We offer avenues for educators to facilitate meaningful relationships in schools and provide recommendations for future research.
Abstract 9649: Impaired Pulmonary Angiogenesis in Idiopathic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension is Linked to Abnormal Pericyte Function and Reduced Endothelial-pericyte Interactions

Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) is associated with progressive small vessel loss and impaired vascular regeneration. Pericytes are highly specialized vascular cells that directly interact with endothelial cells to provide mural support and promote small vessel maturation and survival. While it is possible that abnormalities in the initiation and maintenance of endothelial-pericyte interactions could contribute to small vessel loss in IPAH, little is known about the role of pericytes in the pulmonary. To circumvent this limitation, we have developed a novel method to purify pericytes from the lungs of failed donors and IPAH patients obtained through the Pulmonary Hypertension Breakthrough Initiative (PHBI). Healthy pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAECs) on matrigel demonstrated reduced vascular tube formation in the presence of IPAH pericytes compared to control (P<0.0001). The vast majority of IPAH pericytes not only failed to reach and attach themselves to endothelial tubes but also...
Lemierre’s Syndrome

Lemierre’s syndrome is caused by an acute oropharyngeal infection with secondary septic thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein and frequent metastatic infections.
Teichmüller Theory and Applications to Geometry, Topology, and Dynamics

This volume is the second of four volumes devoted to Teichmuller theory and its applications to geometry, topology, and dynamics. The first volume gave an introduction to Teichmuller theory. Volumes 2 through 4 prove four theorems by William Thurston: The classification of homeomorphisms of surfaces The topological characterization of rational maps The hyperbolization theorem for 3-manifolds that fiber over the circle The hyperbolization theorem for Haken 3-manifolds These theorems are of extraordinary beauty in themselves, and the methods Thurston used to prove them were so novel and displayed such amazing geometric insight that to this day they have barely entered the accepted methods of mathematicians in the field [...]
Cresco: A distributed agent-based edge computing framework

The Cresco distributed agent-based framework is designed to address the challenges of edge computing. We present an actor-model implementation for the management of large numbers of geographically distributed services, comprised from heterogeneous resources and communication protocols, in support of low-latency realtime streaming applications. We present the purpose of our work, the basic methodology, the initial results already obtained, the relationship to the existing software, and the potential of the presently implemented framework to a number of potential further projects that could be developed on the basis of the existing implementation.
Neonatal Lactic Acidosis: A Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approach

Neonatal lactate elevation is a relatively common finding with heterogeneous causes. Understanding the reason for the lactate elevation is critical to determining the prognosis and treatment options. Lactate can be elevated spuriously, secondary to a number of common neonatal conditions or intermediary inborn errors of metabolism, or as a primary finding in mitochondrial diseases. The extent of the lactate elevation, clinical context, and simple metabolic tests can help differentiate among these causes.
Crystal Growth of CdTe2O5 by a Modified Bridgman Technique

The growth of CdTe2O5 single crystals using a modified Bridgman technique in a RF furnace was attempted. A platinum/gold crucible was used to melt the powder mixture in a customized insulated chamber to provide an adequate vertical thermal gradient. Growths resulted in mica-shaped single crystals that were extracted and investigated. Some optical and electrical properties were studied. Czochralski (CZ) method was also tried but returned very small crystals at best, whereas evaporation of CdO and/or TeO2 presented another challenge.
Risks of Clinical Research Must Be Reasonable and Necessary

A central ethical issue in evaluating a clinical trial is whether a study's scientific and clinical value justifies the risks and burdens imposed on research subjects. We are doubtful that this jus...
Anti-PD1 in the wonder-gut-land

After the initial success of cancer immunotherapy using immune checkpoint blockers, the challenge is to understand why only a minority of patients respond to the therapy and to increase the rate of response. Three recent papers now report that the gut microbiota modulates the response to anti-PD1 therapy in patients with epithelial cancers or melanoma.
Evaluation of CT Changes in the Head and Neck After Cancer Treatment: Development of a Measurement Tool

Abstract Background: The late effect continuum of lymphedema and fibrosis (LEF) affects more than 70% of patients after treatment for head and neck cancer (HNC). LEF is associated with symptom burden and decreased function and quality of life. Although surveillance imaging is common posttreatment, objective assessment of soft tissues is not, likely due to the lack of objective evaluation methods and understanding of the significance of LEF. We undertook the development of a tool to measure LEF using CT scans in HNC patients. Methods and Results: We developed a CT measurement tool assessing sites of soft tissue damage secondary to tumor, surgery, or radiation. The tool was applied to pre- and posttreatment CT scans for 10 HNC patients. The data were reviewed, and the initial tool was modified. Ten additional patients' scans were assessed using the revised tool. The tool was modified further after data review by an expert panel and was then applied to scans from all 20 patients. The final tool included 11 i...
Maternal and fetal cytomegalovirus infection: diagnosis, management, and prevention

Congenital cytomegalovirus infection is a major cause of central nervous system and sensory impairments that affect cognition, motor function, hearing, language development, vestibular function, and vision. Although the importance of congenital cytomegalovirus infection is readily evident, the vast majority of maternal and fetal infections are not identified, even in developed countries. Multiple studies of prenatal cytomegalovirus infections have produced a body of knowledge that can inform the clinical approach to suspected or proven maternal and fetal infection. Reliable diagnosis of cytomegalovirus infection during pregnancy and accurate diagnosis of fetal infection are a reality. Approaches to preventing the transmission of cytomegalovirus from mother to fetus and to the treatment of fetal infection are being studied. There is evidence that public health approaches based on hygiene can dramatically reduce the rate of primary maternal cytomegalovirus infections during pregnancy. This review will consider the epidemiology of congenital cytomegalovirus infection, the diagnosis and management of primary infection during pregnancy, and approaches to preventing maternal infection.
A Scalable VPN Gateway for Multi-Tenant Cloud Services

Major cloud providers offer networks of virtual machines with private IP addresses as a service on the cloud. To isolate the address space of different customers, customers are required to tunnel their traffic to a Virtual Private Network (VPN) gateway, which is typically a middlebox inside the cloud that internally tunnels each packet to the correct destination. To improve performance, an increasing number of enterprises connect directly to the cloud provider's network at the edge, to a device we call the provider's edge (PE). PE is a chokepoint for customer's traffic to the cloud, and therefore a natural candidate for implementing network functions concerning customers' virtual networks, including the VPN gateway, to avoid a detour to middleboxes inside the cloud.At the scale of today's cloud providers, VPN gateways need to maintain information for around a million internal tunnels. We argue that no single commodity device can handle these many tunnels while providing a high enough port density to connect to hundreds of cloud customers at the edge. Thus, in this paper, we propose a hybrid architecture for the PE, consisting of a commodity switch, connected to a commodity server which uses Data-Plane Development Kit (DPDK) for fast packet processing. This architecture enables a variety of network functions at the edge by offering the benefits of both hardware and software data planes. We implement a scalable VPN gateway on our proposed PE and show that it matches the scale requirements of today's cloud providers while processing packets close to line rate.
Marketing Strategy for Global Luxury Products

Perhaps one of the most important impacts of globalization is the global boom of luxury products during the past three decades or so. Certainly there have been a number of globally well-known and well-respected products for a long time, but they were not sought out, desired, and purchased to the extent that luxury products have been in recent years. In fact, according to some estimates, luxury products have experienced a global sales volume of over one trillion dollars in 2011. Certainly their sales volume is likely to expand globally much further. Three key reasons support this prediction. First, although not in equal proportions, the number and income of the very rich has increased everywhere in the world. Thus, there are currently many more people with much more money all over the world. These people can not only afford to buy luxury products but also in many cases they even demand them.
Diversity and Genetic Basis of Polysaccharide Biosynthesis in Vibrio cholerae

Vibrio cholerae elaborates three types of polysaccharide structures: lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a component of which is the O-polysaccharide or O-antigen, capsular polysaccharide (CPS) or K-antigen, and “rugose” polysaccharide also known as exopolysaccharide (EPS) or Vibrio polysaccharide (VPS). The major protective antigen for V. cholerae is the O-antigen. A strain typing scheme based on the somatic O-antigen has been in use for a number of years. There are 206 serogroups identified so far and of these only O1 and O139 are known to cause epidemic/pandemic cholera, although a handful of non-O1/non-O139 strains are known to possess the major virulence factors. The O-antigen diversity is due to the number and composition of monosaccharide components, linkages, addition of non-sugar moieties, modal length of the polysaccharide chain, and biosynthesis mechanisms. The genetic basis of this diversity is just beginning to be understood with the sequencing of a number of gene clusters that encode O-polysaccharide (OPS)/capsule structures. In this review, we summarize our current knowledge on the biochemical composition and structure of some of the O-polysaccharides, genes involved in their biosynthesis, and touch upon the role of horizontal gene transfer in creating this diversity and possible mechanisms that may be operative in this process. We highlight the fact that the distinction between OPS and CPS seems to be less evident in V. cholerae than in other species since the genes encoding these structures are shared and map in the same region of the genome. We also describe our current understanding of the genetics and regulation of EPS/VPS synthesis and its role in biofilm formation and environmental survival of V. cholerae.
The Effect of Industry Experience on Hypothesis Generation and Audit Planning Decisions

A significant concern in behavioral research in accounting has been the effect of experience on judgment and decision-making. As widely recognized, there are, however, several dimensions to experience, including general domain experience and task-specific experience. One important dimension that has received limited attention is industry experience. For instance, in an audit context, greater industry experience is expected to lead to greater effectiveness and efficiency as auditors develop a knowledge-base of the unique risks and audit approaches for a particular industry. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of industry experience on the generation of hypotheses of likely errors in conducting analytical procedures. Other audit planning tasks are also examined (e.g., risk assessment and extent of testing). Seventy-two auditors, 34 with significant retailing experience and 38 without such experience (both groups ranging in rank from senior to partner), completed a comprehensive, realistic case for a retailing client. Four material errors, three relating to a retailing environment, were present in the case. The findings indicate that industry experience significantly enhanced hypotheses generation in identifying errors but did not result in expected risk assessments or revisions to planned extent. Proportionately greater audit hours were, however, assigned to more experienced audit staff for misstated accounts.
The validity of questionnaire-reported work history in live respondents

The ability of subjects to recall their year of hire, year of termination, and job title was studied by comparing reported information to that recorded in personnel records. Former shipyard workers were interviewed in 1982. A majority was first employed in one of two shipyards during the early 1940s and 1950s. kappa statistics and crude and adjusted measures of percent agreement were derived to determine whether reported work history agreed with what was recorded in the subjects' personnel record and to determine whether recall was associated with race, age of the respondent at the time of interview, years since leaving the yard, length of employment, and year of hire. After adjusting for other covariates, only the number of years since leaving the yard was associated with recall of year of hire and termination, but not job title. In addition, however, there were several other noteworthy findings. Individuals who were 65-69 years of age at the time of interview had the poorest recall. Recall of both the year of hire and the job title appears to improve with increasing length of employment.
Cell Proliferation in the Adult Adrenal Medulla: Chromaffin Cells as a Model for Indirect Carcinogenesis

Proliferation of chromaffin cells in the adrenal medulla of rats declines rapidly after birth. Mitotic figures are readily identified in histologic sections of postnatal rat adrenals but are rare after the age of 60 days. Adult rat chromaffin cells were generally regarded for many years as essentially postmitotic and terminally differentiated, until Malvaldi et al. (1968) examined serially sectioned adrenal glands of Wistar rats treated with colchicine to arrest dividing cells in mitosis and concluded that small numbers of chromaffin cells do divide in adults. The issue of the proliferative potential of adult chromaffin cells then remained largely dormant for almost two decades, until it was reopened (Tischler et al. 1988) in the course of investigating the pathogenesis of adrenal medullary tumors. These renewed studies were facilitated by the advent of the bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling technique, which incorporates immunocytochemically detectable BrdU into replicating DNA to label S-phase nuclei (Gratzner 1982; Figs. 447, 448).
Abstract PR06: Differences in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes between racially distinct triple-negative breast tumors

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly aggressive breast cancer subtype that lacks hormone receptors [estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR)] and overexpression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2/neu). The disease is characterized by an aggressive clinical disease course, and a high risk of disease progression within 5 years of diagnosis. There are currently no targeted treatments available for TNBC, and surgery and chemotherapy are the mainstay of TNBC treatment. TNBC afflicts African-American (AA) women at a 2-3 times higher rate than European-American (EA) women. AAs also present with more aggressive clinicopathologic characteristics such as higher grade and stage at diagnosis, and experience poorer clinical outcomes than EAs among TNBC patients. Furthermore, AAs harbor more aggressive TNBC subtypes such as a basal-like phenotype and quadruple-negative [androgen receptor (AR)-negative TNBC] breast cancer than EA TNBC patients. This disparate burden underscores an urgent need to identify distinctions in inherent tumor biology between racially distinct TNBCs. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are implicated in killing tumor cells and thus have been associated with better clinical outcomes and response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Studies have also reported that TILs are associated with more aggressive clinicopathologic characteristics such as such as higher grade, stage, Ki67, TNBC status, and increased lymph node metastasis. In formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded resection samples from TNBC patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy at Emory Hospital in Atlanta, GA, we compared overall (intratumoral and peripheral) TIL counts between AA and EA patients (n=121). We observed a trend of more TILs among AA (n=87) compared to EA (n=34) TNBC patients (p=0.02). Among early-stage (I-II) TNBC patients, we found that AAs (n=71) harbored significantly more TILs than EAs (n=32) (p=0.019) but not among late-stage (III-IV) patients (p=0.86). Among early-stage AA TNBC patients, more TILs negatively correlated with younger age at diagnosis (ρ=-0.25; p=0.03) and positively correlated with intramammary lymph node involvement (ρ=0.36; p=0.002). Furthermore, TILs correlated negatively with AR expression (ρ=-0.25; p=0.04) and positively with BRCA1-associated protein (ρ=0.3; p=0.02) and programmed cell death protein 1 (ρ=0.56; p Citation Format: Nikita Wright, Chaeyun Lee, Wei Guanhao, Uma Krishnamurti, Xiaoxian Li, Padmashree C. G. Rida, Remus Osan, Ritu Aneja. Differences in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes between racially distinct triple-negative breast tumors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Tenth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2017 Sep 25-28; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2018;27(7 Suppl):Abstract nr PR06.
Proving I’m Right: Charter School Policy and Selective Exposure to Information:

Research suggests that individuals may make choices about the information they consume that are influenced by what they already believe. In this study, I investigate this process in a particularly ...
Delivering on the Translational Potential of Photochemistry

Download : Download high-res image (315KB) Download : Download full-size image Dr. Daryl Staveness is an American Cancer Society postdoctoral fellow working at the University of Michigan in the lab of Prof. Corey Stephenson. He completed his undergraduate studies at the University of Wisconsin-Madison before pursuing his PhD at Stanford University with Prof. Paul Wender. His graduate work entailed the design, synthesis, and evaluation of more readily accessible analogs of bryostatin as well as the interrogation of the bryostatin-PKC-membrane interaction via solid-state NMR. His postdoctoral research has centered on the development of new photochemical approaches toward 1-aminonorbornanes, motifs designed for implementation as aniline bioisosteres in both drug and agrochemical discovery.
Structural Modeling and in Silico Screening of Potential Small-Molecule Allosteric Agonists of a Glucagon-like Peptide 1 Receptor

The glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R) belongs to the pharmaceutically important class B family of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), and its incretin peptide ligand GLP-1 analogs are adopted drugs for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Despite remarkable antidiabetic effects, GLP-1 peptide-based drugs are limited by the need of injection. On the other hand, developing nonpeptidic small-molecule drugs targeting GLP-1R remains elusive. Here, we first constructed a three-dimensional structure model of the transmembrane (TM) domain of human GLP-1R using homology modeling and conformational sampling techniques. Next, a potential allosteric binding site on the TM domain was predicted computationally. In silico screening of druglike compounds against this predicted allosteric site has identified nine compounds as potential GLP-1R agonists. The independent agonistic activity of two compounds was subsequently confirmed using a cAMP response element-based luciferase reporting system. One compound was also ...
Feminism and the American Family Ideal

Two important dimensions of the American dream for contemporary dualcareer couples are achievement and selfsufficiency. In-depth interviews with twentyone corporate dual-career couples reveal that ...
Financial adjustments and credit rating changes

Abstract Credit ratings are examined from a firm's perspective in terms of the financial changes that are associated with changes in credit ratings. While previous papers in this field generally focus on market reactions, this study instead looks at firm reactions. After first taking a snapshot of the static financials associated with ratings changes, changes in financial positions associated with ratings changes are also studied. Further, this paper investigates financial changes in the year following a downgrade in an effort to learn more about the validity of firms making balance sheet adjustments in an effort to recover lost ratings.
Improvement of the Cooling System in the Aero-Oxygen Plant

The flowing resistance of the cooling system is increased using ground cooling water in the aero-oxygen plant. It gets running failure about the signal device of rate-water flow that is in the ZL2.8/194 model regenerative refrigerator. The reason of running failure is analyzed in this paper. The improvement method and the observation noticed are given.
Clinical deterioration during neonatal transport in California

Identify clinical factors, transport characteristics and transport time intervals associated with clinical deterioration during neonatal transport in California. Population-based database was used to evaluate 47,794 infants transported before 7 days after birth from 2007 to 2016. Log binomial regression was used to estimate relative risks. 30.8% of infants had clinical deterioration. Clinical deterioration was associated with prematurity, delivery room resuscitation, severe birth defects, emergent transports, transports by helicopter and requests for delivery room attendance. When evaluating transport time intervals, time required for evaluation by the transport team was associated with increased risk of clinical deterioration. Modifiable transport intervals were not associated with increased risk. Our results suggest that high-risk infants are more likely to be unstable during transport. Coordination and timing of neonatal transport in California appears to be effective and does not seem to contribute to clinical deterioration despite variation in the duration of these processes.
A Self-Regulated and Reconfigurable CMOS Physically Unclonable Function Featuring Zero-Overhead Stabilization

This article presents a reconfigurable physically unclonable function (PUF) design fabricated using 65-nm CMOS technology. A subthreshold-inverter-based static PUF cell achieves 0.3% native bit error rate (BER) at 0.062-fJ per bit core energy efficiency. A flexible, native transistor-based voltage regulation scheme achieves low-overhead supply regulation with 6-mV/V line sensitivity, making the PUF resistant against voltage variations. Additionally, the PUF cell is designed to be reconfigurable with no area overhead, which enables stabilization without redundancy on chip. Thanks to the highly stable and self-regulated PUF cell and the zero-overhead stabilization scheme, a 0.00182% native BER is obtained after reconfiguration. The proposed design shows 0.12%/10 °C and 0.057%/0.1-V bit error across the military-grade temperature range from −55 °C to 125 °C and supply voltage variation from 0.7 to 1.4 V. The total energy per bit is 15.3 fJ. Furthermore, the unstable bits can be detected by sweeping the body bias instead of temperature during enrollment, thereby significantly reducing the testing costs. Last but not least, the prototype exhibits almost ideal uniqueness and randomness, with a mean inter-die Hamming distance (HD) of 0.4998 and a 1020 $\times $ inter-/intra-die HD separation. It also passes both NIST 800-22 and 800-90B randomness tests.
Impact of physical activity on monocyte subset CCR2 expression and macrophage polarization following moderate intensity exercise

Abstract Coronary artery disease (CAD) is an immune-mediated disease in which CCR2 attracts classical, intermediate, and non-classical monocytes to the arterial intima where they differentiate to macrophages. Balance between pro-inflammatory M1 and anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages contributes to CAD prevention. Moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) elicits an immune response and reduces the incidence of CAD, however, the impact of prior MVPA on monocyte subset CCR2 expression and macrophage polarization following acute exercise is unknown. Purpose To determine the impact of physical activity status on monocyte subset CCR2 surface expression and macrophage polarization in response to an acute bout of moderate intensity cycle ergometry. Methods 24 healthy women and men (12 high physically active [HIACT]: ≥1500 METmin/wk MVPA & 12 low physically active [LOACT]: Results Intermediate monocyte CCR2 decreased in response to exercise in the HIACT group (PRE: 11409.0 ​± ​1084.0 vs. POST: 9524.3 ​± ​1062.4; p ​= ​0.034). Macrophage CD206 was lower in the LOACT compared to the HIACT group at 1H (HIACT: 67.2 ​± ​5.6 vs. LOACT: 50.1 ​± ​5.2%; p ​= ​0.040). Macrophage CD206 at 1H was associated with both PRE (r ​= ​0.446, p ​= ​0.043) and POST (r ​= ​0.464, p ​= ​0.034) non-classical monocyte CCR2. Conclusion These data suggest that regular moderate to vigorous physical activity positively impacts both monocytes and macrophages following acute moderate intensity exercise and that this impact may contribute to the prevention of coronary artery disease.
Micromagnetic and magnetoresistance studies of ferromagnetic La0.83Sr0.13MnO2.98 crystals

Magnetic force microscopy (MFM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used to investigate the surface topography and micromagnetic structure of La0.83Sr0.13MnO2.98 single crystals with colossal magnetoresistance (CMR). The crystals were grown by fused salt electrolysis and characterized by chemical analysis, X-ray diffraction, magnetic and transport measurements. The crystals are rhombohedral (R 3 c). Magnetic and transport measurements indicate that the ferromagnetic ordering at 310 K is associated with an insulator-metal transition at the same temperature. A maximum negative magnetoresistance (-62 %) is observed at 290 K in an applied magnetic field of 5 T. The magnetoresistance increases in magnitude sharply (1.8 %), comparing to the rest of the change, with increasing magnetic field up to 20 G, and then it increases slowly with increasing field. MFM and AFM were used to study the (110) surface as well as a number of unspecified surfaces. Surface topography of an as-grown crystal exhibits well-developed surface corrugations due to extensive twinning. The corrugation angle at twin boundaries can be related to the unit cell parameters, surface and twinning planes. Magnetic force microscopy images show that magnetic domain boundaries are pinned to the crystallographic twins; a small number of unpinned boundaries are observed. The statistical analysis of domain boundary angle distribution is consistent with cubic magnetocrystalline anisotropy with easy axis along [100] directions for this material. Unusual magnetization behavior in the vicinity of topological defects on the surface is also reported. MFM contrast was found to disappear above the ferromagnetic Curie temperature; after cooling a new magnetic structure comprised of Bloch walls of opposite chiralities developed.
Ultra-Low Global Warming Potential Heat Transfer Fluids for Pumped Two-Phase Cooling in HPC Data Centers

The increasing heat dissipation from microprocessors and power density of racks in high performance computing (HPC) applications necessitates liquid cooling of the microprocessors in the servers. Currently, water and aqueous glycol are primarily used as coolants. The need to sustain ever-increasing power density, inherent risks and inefficiencies with water cooling, and the push towards lower global warming potential dielectric fluids, has motivated a search for suitable two-phase heat transfer fluids. This study presents evaluation of pumped single-phase water cooling and two-phase cooling in microchannel cold plate. The water cooling was tested at mass flow rate of up to 125 kg/h. Two-phase cooling with R134a and ultra-low Global Warming Potential (GWP) dielectric fluids R1233zd(E) and R1234ze(E) was tested at mass flow rates of up to 30 kg/h and heat fluxes up to 640 kW/m2. Compared to water cooling, two-phase cooling achieves lower junction temperatures and more uniform cooling for the same flow rates. When compared at equal junction temperature, two-phase cooling requires an order of magnitude lower pumping power than water cooling. This study demonstrates that two-phase cooling with R1233zd(E) and R1234ze(E) can be feasible options compared to water cooling in HPC data centers.
Differential optical shadow sensor for sub-nanometer displacement measurement and its application to drag-free satellites.

We present a method for 3D sub-nanometer displacement measurement using a set of differential optical shadow sensors. It is based on using pairs of collimated beams on opposite sides of an object that are partially blocked by it. Applied to a sphere, our 3-axis sensor module consists of 8 parallel beam-detector sets for redundancy. The sphere blocks half of each beam’s power in the nominal centered position, and any displacement can be measured by the differential optical power changes amongst the pairs of detectors. We have experimentally demonstrated a displacement sensitivity of 0.87nm/Hz at 1 Hz and 0.39nm/Hz at 10 Hz. We describe the application of the module to the inertial sensor of a drag-free satellite, which can potentially be used for navigation, geodesy and fundamental science experiments as well as ground based applications.
Abstract IA16: Discovery of new immunotherapy targets and mechanisms leveraging CRISPR

This talk discusses a CRISPR-Cas9 based platform for in vivo screening of immune genes. This platform facilitates discovery of regulators of tumor immunity and targets for combination therapy. We will discuss the use of this platform to perform in vivo CRISPR-based screens to enable rapid discovery of therapeutic targets in immune cells, and our identification of Ptpn2 as a negative regulator of exhausted CD8+ T cell responses using this CRISPR platform. Citation Format: Arlene H. Sharpe. Discovery of new immunotherapy targets and mechanisms leveraging CRISPR [abstract]. In: Abstracts: AACR Virtual Special Conference: Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy; 2020 Oct 19-20. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2021;9(2 Suppl):Abstract nr IA16.
NIST Manufacturing Extension Partnership Client Impact Survey: Audio of Presentation

Created in 1988, the Hollings Manufacturing Extension Partnership (MEP), a program of the U.S. Department of Commerce's National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), provides knowledge and problem-solving services to improve the productivity, economic competitiveness, and technological capabilities of America's manufacturers, particularly small manufacturers. Since 1996, NIST MEP has used an independent third-party organization to conduct national research with clients who have completed their first projects with local NIST MEP centers. The surveys collect aggregate information on program performance indicators to report to stakeholders, and provide center-specific program performance and impact information for center use.
Yield of CD34~+ Cells in Graft Can Be Increased Significantly by G-CSF Used at Appropriate Time after Chemotherapy for AutoPBSCT

This study was aimed to investigate the influence of timing using G-CSF after chemothrapy on graft yield of mobilized peripheral blood stem cells for autoPBSCT.39 patients with lymphoma or multiple myeloma(MM) received the same chemotherapy mobilization regimen,including CTX 400 mg/m2 d1;VLB 2 mg/m2 d1;Ara-C 60 mg/m2 ×d1-5;VP-16 60 mg/m2 ×d1-5;and prednisone 40 mg/m2 ×d1-5.The historical control group(12 cases) received G-CSF subcutaneously(filgrastim) at the first restoration after the initial nadir of the peripheral WBC count.The experimental group(27 cases) received G-CSF during the steady rise of the WBC count(end of fluctuating after initial nadir).G-CSF was given in a single daily subcutaneous dose of 5 μg/kg until the final PBSC apheresis.When the peripheral WBC and mononuclear cell(MNC) counts reached 10×109/L and 1.0×109/L respectively,leukapheresis was carried out using the COBE Spectrablood cell separator.The results indicated that despite there was comparable treatment with alkylating agents between 2 groups,a significantly increased yield of CD34 positive cells was observed in the experimental group(26.4×106/kg),as compared to the historical control group(3.1×106/kg)(p=0.0031).It is concluded that the appropriate timing for the use G-CSF mobilization after chemotherapy is important to increase the CD34+ cell yield in auto-graft.
Development and optimization of a spline-based Hugoniot for unreacted equations of state

Parametric forms, such as linear and quadratic fits, are common for fitting a Hugoniot curve to shock data. However, these forms only admit certain shape features and may exclude a better fit. Thus, a semiparametric Hugoniot curve was developed with cubic b-splines to allow more flexibility in fitting the shock data. A genetic algorithm that respects convexity constraints performed the optimization to fit the model to experimental data. In two cases with artificial data, the spline Hugoniot model resulted in close agreement with the known truth. Finally, a spline Hugoniot was fit to existing shock, pop plot, and overdriven data for a triaminotrinitrobenzene (TATB)-based explosive LX-17 [92.5% TATB and 7.5% Kel-F (polychlorotrifluoroethylene) binder by weight] and obtained a close fit.
Mindful Ethics -- A Pedagogical and Practical Approach to Teaching Legal Ethics, Developing Professional Identity, and Encouraging Civility

"Anybody can become angry - that is easy, but to be angry with the right person and to the right degree and at the right time and for the right purpose, and in the right way - that is not within everybody's power and is not easy...It is the mark of an educated mind to be able to entertain a thought without accepting it." AristotleAristotle spoke of virtue and ethics as a combination of practical wisdom and habituation - an individual must learn from the application of critical reasoning skills to experience. Perhaps one of the earliest proclamations of the value of experiential learning, the Aristotelian view, reappears throughout history and is captured once again by the Carnegie Foundation’s Report on Legal Education, which includes a call for instruction that provides practical skills and ethical grounding to complement the teaching of legal analysis. The Carnegie Report continues to play a role in the ongoing discussion of the need to reform legal education; a debate currently being driven by market demand and a legal profession in the midst of dramatic realignment. This debate has given rise to suggestions for reform in the areas of legal ethics and professional identity that are supported by reference to theories of moral psychology, cognitive psychology and various innovative educational strategies. Mindful Ethics is an innovative approach to teaching legal ethics; the short-term goal being to better prepare law students to deal with the reality of practice, to assist in the develop of professional identity and to provide lawyers with additional tools for responding to the ethical challenges inherent in the practice of law. The long-term, overarching goal is to impact the manner in which the legal profession functions and plays its critical role in society as protectorate of the rule of law. This paper will discuss the methodology by which Mindful Ethics integrates professional responsibility and mindfulness such that lawyers and law students gain a broader insight into their own ethical decision-making. It will also explore recent neuroscience findings concerning the influences of mindfulness practices on the brain. Finally, it will conclude that Mindful Ethics serves as both a life skill and a tool for legal practice that has the potential to dramatically assist one in anticipating and avoiding the ethical pitfalls of legal practice and maintaining civility and professionalism, especially in light of the increasing pace of the practice owing to rapidly evolving technologies. Indeed, Mindful Ethics may provide an individual with the ability to "entertain a thought without accepting it" and to modulate and channel emotions in a civil manner towards a productive outcome.
Remember Marcellus's Warning

The Mythic Past Biblical Archaeology and the Myth of Israel. Thomas L. Thompson. Basic (Perseus), New York, 1999. 432 pp. $30, C$44.95, £18.50. ISBN 0-465-00622-1. Paper, $17.50, C$25.95, £10.95. ISBN 0-465-00649-3. From his survey of recent decades of studies on archaeological, agricultural, economic, and linguistic aspects of early Palestine history, Thompson concludes that the Old Testament provides no historical evidence for the early history of Israel. Our reviewer strongly disagrees.