cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Detection of Virus Particles in Lymphatic Tissue Germinal Centers

We previously reported the detection by electron microscopy of many C-type murine leukemia virus particles in lymphatic tissue (spleen, mesenteric lymph node) germinal -centers of C58 mice [1]. Virus particles were observed in germinal centers of this high leukemic mouse strain (>90% by 14 months old) between 3 and 9 months, or throughout the relatively long period of leukemia development, C-type virus particles were not restricted to germinal centers of the spleen and lymph nodes; however, their abundance in these sites was pronounced. Subsequently, the detection of viruslike particles in germinal centers of another species, nonleukemic Hartley strain guinea pigs, has been reported [2].
The Control and Perception of Finger Forces

The human hand demonstrates remarkable dexterity in its capacity to control precisely the forces involved in manipulating objects and the timing of movements during the execution of skilled motor tasks. In all of these endeavors, mechanoreceptors in the skin play a critical role in encoding the timing, magnitude, direction and spatial distribution of fingertip forces. When cutaneous inputs are absent or deficient, the hand is unable to compensate rapidly when an object begins to slip between the digits, and misdirected finger movements are not recognized and corrected. The control and perception of forces generated by the hand therefore relies on a close interplay between the sensory and motor systems. When sensory information changes, the capacity to control and modulate force can be disrupted and this in turn influences the perceived magnitude of the forces being produced. Cutaneous mechanoreceptors provide crucial information about the forces produced by the fingers and these inputs together with centrally generated corollary discharges are fundamental to the human perception of force.
The past and present uses of rhatany (Krameria, Krameriaceae)

Rhatany, the name given to several species of Krameria, figured prominently in European and Euro-American medicine between 1820 and 1920. Uses for rhatany were numerous but generally centered around the astringent properties of the tanniniferous root extracts. Evidence suggests that the adoption ofKrameria as a medicinal plant resulted from the advocacy of its use by Hipolito Ruiz following his return to Europe from Peru in 1797. Native American uses known at the time of Ruiz’s writing were different from those espoused in Europe by the Spanish botanist. Traditional Pre-Colombian uses ofKrameria species by native peoples of North and South America are difficult to assess because records of use appear to have been influenced by the uses devised later by Europeans. There is little doubt of native uses of the roots for chewing sticks and as a source of dye. During the last 25 years, there has been an attempt to link the use ofKrameria teas with high incidences of esophageal cancer. However, examination of the data resulting from experiments to test the cancer-causing properties ofKrameria extracts does not indicate that rhatany teas are highly carcinogenic. Recent studies of the tannins and lignans present in root and leaf extracts suggest their possible future uses in anti-bacterial and ultraviolet light blocking preparations.
Architecting the Very-Large-Aperture Flux-Pinned Space Telescope: A Scalable, Modular Optical Array with High Agility and Passively Stable Orbital Dynamics

Direct detection of exoplanets and more detailed Earth observation demand space telescopes that are more powerful than those currently used. Our proposed modular design uses superconductive flux pinning instead of mechanical trusses to maintain the relative position and orientation of mirrors. Flux pinning requires no active control and only enough power to keep the superconductors below 88K. We discuss a sparse-aperture architecture in which identical, deformable mirror segments on flux-pinning modules lie on a spherical manifold surrounding a central detector. The resulting low-power telescope is isotropic, passively stable, scalable, agile, and easily repaired, and the field of regard is unlimited. Nomenclature
Personality Factors and Dress Style Tribes of Undergraduate Students

Consumers become members of style tribes when a specific style of dress is adopted. Personality may be one variable related to consumers' personal style of dress. Students in a fashion trend analysis course identified and described eleven style tribes on a university campus in the United States. Eight of the eleven style tribe descriptions’ were associated with designer names, brands, and/or specific retailers. The style tribe data were used to develop a questionnaire for the present study. Data were then collected from 277 undergraduate college students who completed two questionnaires: 1) the NEO PI-R, an instrument designed to measure the five personality factors of the Five Factor Model and 2) a questionnaire with eleven style tribe descriptions. Data were analyzed using canonical correlation. The major finding from the present study was that although personality was related to dress style, subjects reportedly adopted multiple dress styles. The findings of this investigation have theoretical implications regarding the social/psychological aspects of appearance and dress, and the marketing and retailing of appearance management products associated with designer names, brands, and/or retailers.
English language learner experiences of formal and informal learning environments

Many people who do not know English have moved to English-speaking countries to learn English. Once there, they learn English through formal and informal methods. While considerable work has studied the experiences of English language learners in different learning environments, we have yet to see analytics that detail the experiences of this population within formal and informal learning environments. This study used the experience sampling methodology to capture the information that is needed to detail the communication and affective experiences of advanced English language learners. The collected data reveals differences in how English language learners perceived their communication success based on their learning context, with higher levels of communicative success experienced in formal learning settings. No such differences were found for learners', highly negative, affect. The data suggest a need for additional emotional support within formal and informal learning environments as well as a need for oral communication support within informal contexts.
Communicating Care Across Culture and Language: The Student–teacher Relationship as a Site of Socialization in Public Schools

Formal schooling is a site of cultural socialization where children are taught how to see their world and themselves. As teachers are a primary medium through which this socialization occurs, the p...
Mycoplasma hominis vertebral spine infection: Case report and a review of infections of bone and joints

Abstract Background Mycoplasma hominis ( M. hominis ) is a common commensal that colonizes the human urogenital tract, wherein it is also known to cause genito-urinary infections. It has rarely been reported to cause spinal infections. Case description We describe the case of a 53-year old diabetic woman who developed spontaneous, culture-negative L3-4 osteomyelitis that progressed clinically and radiographically despite debridement, stabilization, and empiric broad-spectrum antimicrobial therapy. After her third debridement procedure, cultures of the multiple intraoperative specimens yielded M. hominis . Literature review A PubMed search identified a total of 4 reports of M. hominis causing spinal osteomyelitis and 22 other cases involving bones and joints. Clinical relevance M. hominis is a rare cause of bone and joint infections. Because of low clinical suspicion for this pathogen, combined with its fastidious nature and the difficult growth characteristics of this organism, M. hominis infections may be unrecognized and untreated, resulting in high morbidity. In addition to bacterial culture, molecular tests are available to detect M. hominis in clinical samples. This case report and review of the literature suggest that, in some cases of purulent culture-negative osteomyelitis, especially if not responding to standard empiric antibacterial therapy, M. hominis should be considered as a potential pathogen.
Organ Transplants and Immunity

The vast majority of patients receiving kidney transplants experience one or more rejection crises, yet the chances of surviving indefinitely with a grafted kidney now range from 50% to 95%, depending on the source of the graft. What has been learned of the nature of these rejection crises? Why does a second graft often succeed when a first has failed? What problems still remain? Dr. Hume details the answers.
Nanotechnology in orthopedics

Nanotechnology has revolutionized science and consumer products for several decades. Most recently, its applications to the fields of medicine and biology have improved drug delivery, medical diagnostics, and manufacturing. Recent research of this modern technology has demonstrated its potential with novel forms of disease detection and intervention, particularly within orthopedics. Nanomedicine has transformed orthopedics through recent advances in bone tissue engineering, implantable materials, diagnosis and therapeutics, and surface adhesives. The potential for nanotechnology within the field of orthopedics is vast and much of it appears to be untapped, though not without accompanying obstacles.
Molecular inotropy mediated by cardiac miR-based PDE4D/PRKAR1α/phosphoprotein signaling.

Molecular inotropy refers to cardiac contractility that can be modified to affect overall heart pump performance. Here we show evidence of a new molecular pathway for positive inotropy by a cardiac-restricted microRNA (miR). We report enhanced cardiac myocyte performance by acute titration of cardiac myosin-embedded miR-208a. The observed positive effect was independent of host gene myosin effects with evidence of negative regulation of cAMP-specific 3′,5′-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D) and the regulatory subunit of PKA (PRKAR1α) content culminating in PKA-site dependent phosphorylation of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and phospholamban (PLN). Further, acute inhibition of miR-208a in adult myocytes in vitro increased PDE4D expression causing reduced isoproterenol-mediated phosphorylation of cTnI and PLN. Next, rAAV-mediated miR-208a gene delivery enhanced heart contractility and relaxation parameters in vivo. Finally, acute inducible increases in cardiac miR-208a in vivo reduced PDE4D and PRKAR1α, with evidence of increased content of several complementary miRs harboring the PDE4D recognition sequence. Physiologically, this resulted in significant cardiac cTnI and PLN phosphorylation and improved heart performance in vivo. As phosphorylation of cTnI and PLN is critical to myocyte function, titration of miR-208a represents a potential new mechanism to enhance myocardial performance via the PDE4D/PRKAR1α/PKA phosphoprotein signaling pathway.
Microinvasive glaucoma surgery: an evidence-based assessment

ABSTRACTIntroduction: The advent of Microinvasive Glaucoma Surgery (MIGS) offers a novel approach in the treatment of glaucoma with the number of procedures developing at an exciting pace. MIGS procedures aim to lower intraocular pressure (IOP) via: (1) increasing trabecular outflow, (2) increasing outflow via suprachoroidal shunts, (3) reducing aqueous production, and (4) subconjunctival filtration.Areas covered: A comprehensive search for published studies for Microinvasive Glaucoma Surgery (MIGS) devices or procedure was undertaken using PubMed. Search terms included ‘minimally invasive glaucoma surgery’, ‘microincisional glaucoma surgery’, and ‘microinvasive glaucoma surgery’. A manual search for each device or procedure was also performed. After review, randomized control trials and prospective studies were preferentially included.Expert commentary: These procedures offer several benefits: an improved safety profile allowing for intervention in earlier stages of glaucoma, combination with cataract su...
Reversal of cilioretinal artery occlusion with intra-arterial tissue plasminogen activator

Abstract Purpose To present the reversal of a cilioretinal artery occlusion with the use of intra-arterial tissue plasminogen activator. Observations A monocular 74 year old male presented with a cilioretinal artery occlusion. Treatment with intra-arterial tissue plasminogen activator 7 hours after the onset of symptoms led to a complete restoration of vision. Conclusions and importance Early intervention with tissue plasminogen activator reversed acute onset loss of vision from cilioretinal artery occlusion.
Heterogeneous multi-robot trajectories for area coverage optimization

This paper presents a distributed area coverage optimization algorithm for a group of heterogeneous robots operating on a planar area. Distributed control algorithms for solving such area coverage problems are well-established in the literature. However, the real-time implementation of these algorithms requires significant computational resources, especially when the robots operating in the environment are heterogeneous. The main purpose of this paper is to present a modular and cost-effective multithreaded implementation of a distributed area coverage optimization algorithm for a team of heterogeneous mobile robots (as opposed to homogeneous robots used in the prior work of the authors) operating on a two-dimensional area. A scalar measure (called herein the density) of the environment defines a nonuniform metric of the area whose coverage is to be maximized. The multithreaded control algorithm is implemented using the emerging Robot Operating System (ROS). We present a set of computer simulation results using a commercially available robot simulator, V-REP (virtual robot experimentation platform).
Effect of the leukocyte chemoattractant chemerin on PTEN via CMKLR1 in human prostate cancer.

282Background: Recent data in preclinical models has shown that phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) loss correlated with decreased tumor immune cell infiltration as well as decreased response to T cell-based immunotherapy. Chemerin (RARRES2) is a recently identified endogenous leukocyte chemoattractant shown to recruit innate immune cells through its G-protein coupled receptor CMKLR1. RARRES2 is commonly downregulated in prostate and other cancers (eg sarcoma) compared to their normal tissue counterparts. Our previous preclinical studies showed that forced overexpression of chemerin in tumors was capable of recruiting immune effector cells into the tumor microenvironment and suppressing tumor growth. Methods: Here, we investigate the effects of chemerin on tumor cell intrinsic processes by exposing prostate and sarcoma tumor lines to exogenous recombinant chemerin in vitro. Evaluation of PTEN was performed at both the mRNA and protein levels, using both quantitative PCR as well as Western blotting. PTEN...
Dance Trends: The Dance of E-Communication: E-Mail and Forum Practices

The use of electronic communication between teachers and students or within a community of educators is an invaluable tool for sharing ideas, strategies, and experiences that improve the quality of...
Dietary pesticide risk assessment.

Much current concern exists regarding the potential health risks from dietary exposure to pesticides. A recent consumer attitude survey, e.g., revealed that 80% of U.S. shoppers consider pesticide residues to be a major concern (Opinion Research Corporation 1990). This concern is reflected in calls for legislative reform to provide additional consumer protection from residues.
Detection and Enumeration of Salmonella Enteritidis in Homemade Ice Cream Associated with an Outbreak: Comparison of Conventional and Real-Time PCR Methods

Salmonellosis caused by Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) is a significant cause of foodborne illnesses in the United States. Consumption of undercooked eggs and egg-containing products has been the primary risk factor for the disease. The importance of the bacterial enumeration technique has been enormously stressed because of the quantitative risk analysis of SE in shell eggs. Traditional enumeration methods mainly depend on slow and tedious most-probable-number (MPN) methods. Therefore, specific, sensitive, and rapid methods for SE quantitation are needed to collect sufficient data for risk assessment and food safety policy development. We previously developed a real-time quantitative PCR assay for the direct detection and enumeration of SE and, in this study, applied it to naturally contaminated ice cream samples with and without enrichment. The detection limit of the real-time PCR assay was determined with artificially inoculated ice cream. When applied to the direct detection and quantification of SE in ice cream, the real-time PCR assay was as sensitive as the conventional plate count method in frequency of detection. However, populations of SE derived from real-time quantitative PCR were approximately 1 log higher than provided by MPN and CFU values obtained by conventional culture methods. The detection and enumeration of SE in naturally contaminated ice cream can be completed in 3 h by this real-time PCR method, whereas the cultural enrichment method requires 5 to 7 days. A commercial immunoassay for the specific detection of SE was also included in the study. The real-time PCR assay proved to be a valuable tool that may be useful to the food industry in monitoring its processes to improve product quality and safety.
3D structure development using a three-layer self-folding technology

This paper presents the fabrication of self-folding devices with minimal human intervention. The devices utilize two easily obtainable and commercially available materials, namely, PVC shrink wrap (contraction layer) and copper foil tape (structural layer). The selffolding structure uses predefined crease patterns to create mountain and valley folds when subjected to a temperature change (67 °C to 91 °C). A unique crease pattern is designed through defined gap widths to act as hinges. The fabrication technique involves a rapid prototyping methodology that employs low-cost materials. The rapid and efficient manufacturing of the self-folding assembly has an advantage over other fabrication techniques that require numerous layers and complex manufacturing steps. As a result, the self-folding technology in this study achieves the 3D transformation of a cubic and pyramid structure from a 2D framework.
Collapsing Glomerulopathy Associated With Hydrophilic Polymer Emboli.

Hydrophilic polymer is a synthetic, biodegradable coating applied to various intravascular devices and vascular grafts to reduce friction between instruments and endothelium, in an effort to prevent vasospasm and thrombosis.1, 2 However, the hydrophilic polymer itself can dislodge from these devices resulting in downstream ischemic complications involving brain, heart, lungs, kidneys, gastrointestinal tract, or skin.1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9,S1–S9 To date, 3 cases of hydrophilic polymer emboli have been reported to involve the kidneys, but none has been associated with collapsing glomerulopathy.4,S1,S6 Here, we report the first case of collapsing glomerulopathy temporally related to renal embolization by hydrophilic polymer.
Blast Exposure Induces Ocular Functional Changes with Increasing Blast Over-pressures in a Rat Model.

Purpose: Blast-related brain and ocular injuries can lead to acute and chronic visual dysfunction. The chronic visual consequences of blast exposure and its progression remain unclear. The goal of ...
Relative consumption of three aphid species by the lacewing, Chrysoperla rufilabris, and effects on its development and survival

Relative consumption of three aphid species, Aphis gossypii Glover, Myzus persicae (Sulzer) and Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach) (Homoptera: Aphididae), by larvae of the lacewing, Chrysoperla rufilabris (Burmeister) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), was determined in the laboratory, together with effects on lacewing development and survival. Percentages of survival of C. rufilabris from first instar to adult eclosion were significantly different among lacewing larvae fed different aphid species. When larvae were fed A. gossypii and M. persicae, all larvae developed to adulthood. All larvae died prematurely when they were fed L. erysimi. Developmental duration of C. rufilabris larvae was significantly shorter when larvae were fed A. gossypii (18.0 d) than when larvae were fed M. persicae (19.2 d). The number of fourth instar aphids consumed during development by C. rufilabris larvae differed significantly among individuals fed different aphid species. Chrysoperla rufilabris consumed an average of 168 M. persicae, followed by 141.6 A. gossypii, and only 26.6 L. erysimi. The percentage of these total number of aphids consumed by each larval stadium of C. rufilabris varied significantly among aphid species. The percentage of A. gossypii consumed by each larval stadium was similar to that for M. persicae, 12.1 and 11.4% by the first instar, 15.7 and 13.1% by the second instar, and 72.2 and 75.5% by the third instar, respectively; whereas in the case of L. erysimi, 23.3% of the total number of aphids were consumed by the first instar, 30.1% by the second instar, and 46.6% by the third instar.
Design, synthesis, and in vitro bioactivity evaluation of fluorine-containing analogues for sphingosine-1-phosphate 2 receptor.

Abstract Twenty eight new aryloxybenzene analogues were synthesized and their in vitro binding potencies toward S1PR2 were determined using a [32P]S1P competitive binding assay. Out of these new analogues, three compounds, 28c (IC50 = 29.9 ± 3.9 nM), 28e (IC50 = 14.6 ± 1.5 nM), and 28g (IC50 = 38.5 ± 6.3 nM) exhibited high binding potency toward S1PR2 and high selectivity over the other four receptor subtypes (S1PR1, 3, 4, and 5; IC50 > 1000 nM). Each of the three potent compounds 28c, 28e, and 28g contains a fluorine atom that will allow to develop F-18 labeled PET radiotracers for imaging S1PR2.
McLear-Gary v. Scott Got It Wrong: Court Confused Adverse Use with Adverse Possession

It may seem obvious that adverse use and adverse possession are different, but a 2018 California Court of Appeal case, relying on statements in a number of older cases, conflated the two to reach a result that is clearly wrong. The question was whether an easement appurtenant to a neighboring property was extinguished when the servient owner installed and maintained a gate that blocked access to the easement for five years, the statutory period for obtaining or extinguishing an easement by prescription or an estate by adverse possession. The court fell into error when it characterized the servient owner’s action as adverse possession of the easement rather than as adverse use that interfered with use of the easement. As non-possessory interests, easements are neither acquired nor extinguished by adverse possession but by adverse use (prescription). California requires timely payment of property taxes to acquire an estate by adverse possession, but not to acquire an easement by prescription except in the very rare cases where an easement has been separately assessed. The court wrongly concluded that the easement had not been extinguished because the servient owners did not pay their property taxes on time during the five year period.
Identification of Inflammatory Mediators in Tendinopathy Using a Murine Subacromial Impingement Model.

Subacromial impingement is associated with a spectrum of disorders-including rotator cuff disease-but their relationship is complex. We have established a novel murine model of subacromial impingement to study supraspinatus tendinopathy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in gene expression in this murine shoulder impingement model to further elucidate the mechanisms underlying the development of tendinopathy. Twenty-eight C57BL/6 mice were used in this study. All mice underwent bilateral surgery with insertion of a small metal clip in the subacromial space or a sham procedure. The supraspinatus tendons underwent histological analyses, biomechanical testing, and RNA extraction for multiplex gene expression analysis (NanoString, Seattle, WA). Histology demonstrated increased cellularity and disorganized collagen fibers of the supraspinatus tendon in the clip impingement group. Mean load to failure (5.20 vs. 1.50 N, p < 0.001) and mean stiffness (4.95 vs. 1.47 N/mm, p < 0.001) were lower in the impingement group than the sham group. NanoString analyses revealed 111 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the impingement and sham groups. DEGs of interest included Mmp3 (expression ratio [ER]: 2.68, p = 0.002), Tgfb1 (ER: 1.76, p = 0.01), Col3a1 (ER: 1.66, p = 0.03), and Tgfbr2 (ER: 1.53, p = 0.01). Statement of clinical significance: We identified 111 DEGs that may contribute to the development of tendinopathy in this model. Further studies of these specific genes will allow identification of their roles in the initiation and regulation of tendon damage, and their potential to serve as novel therapeutic targets in the treatment of rotator cuff disease. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:2575-2582, 2019.
La desigualdad siempre es política

This reflection on Juan Pablo Perez Sainz’s proposal regarding secondary groups’ inequality-related consequences and responses –which delves into migration, violence, religiosity and collective action– advocates re-centering discussions of Latin American social inequalities. Reygadas proposes a number of reflections on the relationship between social actions and inequality. He asserts that social disparities are not sufficient to explain the responses Perez Sainz has emphasized. We must understand that persistent inequality-reproduction occurs over the long-term whereas social actions exert short-term impacts and additionally require transformations in other links along the reproduction chain. Ultimately the essay nuances Perez Sainz’s emphasis on basic-market (land, labor and capital) distribution; from Reygadas’s perspective, the locus of inequality also lies in re-distribution, through progressive tax structures, in the economy and in public policy, in markets, society and public institutions and, not least of all, in material distribution and symbolic configurations.
Application of Raman spectroscopy in monoclonal antibody producing continuous systems for downstream process intensification

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are biopharmaceuticals produced by mammalian cell lines in bioreactors at a variety of scales. Cell engineering, media optimization, process monitoring, and control strategies for in vitro production have become crucial subjects to meet increasing demand for these high value pharmaceuticals. Raman Spectroscopy has gained great attention in the pharmaceutical industry for process monitoring and control to maintain quality assurance. For the first time, this article demonstrated the possibility of subclass independent quantitative mAb prediction by Raman spectroscopy in real time. The developed model estimated the concentrations of different mAb isotypes with average prediction errors of 0.2 (g/L) over the course of cell culture. In situ Raman spectroscopy combined with chemometric methods showed to be a useful predictive tool for monitoring of real time mAb concentrations in a permeate stream without sample removal. Raman spectroscopy can, therefore, be considered as a reliable process analytical technology tool for process monitor, control, and intensification of downstream continuous manufacturing. The presented results provide useful information for pharmaceutical industries to choose the most appropriate spectroscopic technology for their continuous processes.
The role of telehealth as a platform for postoperative visits following rotator cuff repair: a prospective, randomized controlled trial.

Background The application of telehealth for surgical follow-up has gained recent exposure in orthopedic care. Although the results following joint arthroplasty are encouraging, the role of telemedicine for postoperative care following arthroscopic rotator cuff repair still needs to be defined. The goal of this study was to evaluate the safety, efficacy, and socioeconomic benefits of telehealth as a platform for postoperative follow-up. Methods This was a prospective, randomized controlled trial that enrolled 66 patients who underwent follow-up in the office vs. via telemedicine for postoperative visits at 2, 6, and 12 weeks after surgery. Post-visit surveys were administered to patients and physicians via e-mail, and the Student t test and Fisher exact test were used to compare responses. Results In total, 58 patients (88%) completed the study (28 telehealth vs. 30 control). Patients in each group demonstrated similar pain scores at each follow-up visit (P = .638, P = .124, and P = .951) and similar overall satisfaction scores (P = .304). Patients in the telehealth group expressed a stronger preference for telehealth than their control counterparts (P Conclusion Patients undergoing arthroscopic rotator cuff surgery were able to receive safe and effective early postoperative follow-up care using telemedicine. The preference for telehealth increased for both surgeons and patients following first-hand experience. The use of a telehealth platform is a reasonable follow-up model to consider for patients seeking convenient and efficient care following arthroscopic rotator cuff repair.
Role of Theophylline in Management of Bradycardia Secondary to High Cervical Spinal Cord Injury in a Seven-Year-Old Child: Case Report and a Review of Literature.

High-level cervical spinal cord injury (SCI) frequently leads to the development of severe sinus bradycardia and asystole. Conventionally, owing to their chronotropic effects, medical management has largely relied on the use of atropine and/or infusion of pressors such as epinephrine or dopamine as the first-line treatment. However, for severe symptomatic events refractory to medical therapy, cardiac pacemaker implantation may be required. In light of the limited data, found in the adult literature, use of methylxanthines such as theophylline has been suggested for the treatment of bradycardia or asystole in the setting of cervical SCI, but to our knowledge, this treatment approach has not been reported in very young children. We present a case of medical management of bradycardia-asystole episodes in a seven-year-old child who sustained cervical SCI after a motor vehicle accident (MVA). His clinical course was complicated by frequent episodes of symptomatic sinus bradycardia progressing to asystole. Episodes were responsive to atropine, but his events were recurrent and feared to be life-threatening if unobserved, and so pacemaker implantation was being considered. In the hope of averting the need for pacemaker implantation, he was started on enteral theophylline, with blood level monitoring and had remained in normal sinus rhythm without recurrence of severe bradycardic or asystole events for a latent period of 74 days. Subsequently, however, he underwent pacemaker placement.
eCoaching in Rural Secondary Settings When Teaching Students With Intellectual and Other Developmental Disabilities

Special education teachers in rural settings face unique challenges related to providing transition services to secondary students with intellectual and other developmental disabilities (IDD). Geog...
Limit load instabilities of anisotropic tubes under combined tension and torsion

Abstract Under tensile loadings, thin-walled structures such as sheet metal and tubes develop load maxima, or limit loads, beyond which deformation localizes leading to rupture. For uniform stress states, Considere-type estimates of limit loads can serve as forming limits in applications. The paper explores the effect of anisotropy on such estimates for thin-walled Al-alloy tubes under combined tension and torsion. Anisotropy is modeled using Yld04-3D with an exponent of 8. Material hardening originates from a simple shear test using this yield function, taking into account material axes rotation caused by the shearing. A Considere formulation is developed for the problem, which also incorporates the effect of material frame rotation. The analysis is used to establish limit loads for a set of circumferentially constrained tension–torsion experiments tested under radial nominal tension-shear stress paths. The predictions reproduce the strains measured at the limit loads for the range of biaxiality ratios considered. By contrast, corresponding results produced using the isotropic yield functions of von Mises and Hosford(8) increasingly deviate from the measured results as the shear stress increases. Considere-type formulation is also developed for the same tension–torsion loadings for a uniform thickness tube. The results exhibit a similar trend but the limit strains for shear dominant paths are significantly lower, demonstrating the stabilizing effect of the circumferential constraint used in the experiments.
The Evolving Story of Mesh Mid Urethral Slings: The Surgeon's Perspective.

Purpose:The objective of this study was to obtain the perspectives of surgeons who treat female stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and better understand their range of experiences with mesh mid uret...
New Technologies for Energy Efficiency

First published in 2002. This book examines the full scope of technologies available to address the electricity supply crisis. The author details the tools and technologies available for incorporating smaller, cleaner, more efficient energy into energy management plans. He examines the role of new technologies in reducing operating costs and developing more innovative and practical approaches to energy management. Topics include implementation of alternative energy programs, management of power quality, cost-effective power generation solutions, cost-effective energy services, information monitoring and diagnostic systems, energy storage options, integration of lighting and cooling systems, and more.
Branding 2.0 - Designing an Information System to build a Brand based on User-generated Content

This work proposes a new branding process that is inspired by and builds on the fundamental ideas behind the term Web 2.0. The paper shows how information systems can be designed to create value throughout the branding process by collecting and distributing user-generated content that supports physical-virtual artifacts. The paper follows the design-science research guidelines provided by Hevner et al. (2004). It introduces the model of Branding 2.0 and a real-world instantiation. Related cases are analyzed and compared to the instantiation to refine the model and extract implications for designing future branding applications. Finally, a note on possible business models demonstrates options for an implementation scenario.
Light-Induced Collisional Energy Transfer-Revisited

Light-induced collisional energy transfer (LICET) refers to a process in which excitation energy is transfered from one atom to another via a combined collisional-radiative reaction.1 Two atoms, A and A′, enter the collision in states i and i′, respectively. As a result of both the collisional interaction and the absorption or emission of a photon, the atoms undergo a transition taking them to final states f and f′, respectively (see Fig. 1). The LICET reaction can be written as $$ {A_I} + \hbar \Omega \to {A_F} $$ (1) where |I> = |ii′> and |F> = |ff′> represent product states in the atomic basis. Owing to energy considerations, the LICET cross section vanishes unless the collisional and radiative interactions occur simultaneously.
Chapter 2 Relationships Children Construct Among English Number Words, Multiunit Base-Ten Blocks, And Written Multidigit Addition

Publisher Summary Arithmetic has arisen in many different cultures as a way to solve problems concerning the quantitative aspects of real world situations. These quantitative aspects are described by words and, in many cultures, by marks that are written on some surface. In traditional cultures, children learn arithmetic by observing and eventually using the quantitative words and written marks in their situations. In modern cultures, however, children are taught the arithmetic of single-digit whole numbers, multi-digit whole numbers, integers (negative numbers), decimal fractions, and rational numbers. In much of this teaching, children do not learn to talk and write about the quantitative aspects of real world situations, but rather stay within the arithmetic marks world and memorize the sequences of written marks steps (routines) to accomplish each operation for each kind of number. For too many children, this approach results in a verbal superstructure of hierarchical routines unrelated to anything. As a result, there is massive interference among the routines. This chapter presents an empirical investigation in the domain of multi-digit addition and subtraction.
Solid solutions and the hardness of fatty mixtures.

Abstract Solid solutions were detected in mixtures of tristearin and tributyrin and mixtures of high- and low-melting milk fat fractions by X-ray diffraction. They were also detected by calorimetry of the mixture and fatty acid analyses of the liquid phase. Increased concentrations of low-melting fat in the mixtures were accompanied by increases in the interplanar spacing of the crystal lattice. The thermal properties and compositions of both the solid and liquid phases of the mixtures were altered, even if the fractions were cooled before mixing. The hardness of the mixture, measured by lubricity, was inversely related to the liquid fat content. Mixing before cooling rather than after cooling increased the hardness of mixtures high in the low-melting fraction and decreased the hardness of those high in the high-melting fraction. Changes in cooling rate were the least effective method of influencing the hardness of the mixture.
The Trial of John Peter Zenger: An Account

No country values free expression more highly than does the United States, and no case in American history stands as a greater landmark on the road to protection for freedom of the press than the trial of a German immigrant printer named John Peter Zenger. On August 5, 1735, twelve New York jurors, inspired by the eloquence of the best lawyer of the period, Andrew Hamilton, ignored the instructions of the Governor's hand-picked judges and returned a verdict of Not Guilty on the charge of publishing seditious libels. The Zenger trial is a remarkable story of a divided Colony, the beginnings of a free press, and the stubborn independence of American jurors.
Gender differences in unemployment insurance coverage - a comparative analysis

Da soziale Sicherungssysteme auf sogenannte Normalarbeitsverhaltnisse (Vollzeit, unbefristet, abhangig) ausgerichtet sind und haufig von Bedarfsprufungen Gebrauch machen, reproduzieren sie Geschlechterungleichheiten im Arbeitsmarkt, die auf Grund der ungleichen Verteilung von Haushalts- und Familienaufgaben zwischen Frauen und Mannern zustande kommen. So sind Frauen beispielsweise weit haufiger in Teilzeit beschaftigt, sie wechseln haufiger zwischen Beschaftigung und Inaktivitat und verdienen weiterhin durchschnittlich geringere Lohne als Manner. Das Papier vergleicht auf Basis der Daten des Europaischen Haushaltspanels den Deckungsgrad und die Hohe von Arbeitslosenversicherungsleistungen zwischen Frauen und Mannern. Unterschiede im Zugang zu Arbeitslosenversicherungsleistungen werden unter anderem durch die folgenden Charakteristika von Arbeitslosenversicherungssystemen bestimmt: Einkommens- oder Stundenschwellenwerte, Mindestbeitragszeiten und Bedarfsprufungen. Die Hohe der Leistungen hangt in vielen Systemen von der Hohe der vormaligen Arbeitseinkommen ab, wird aber bei Langzeitarbeitslosen haufig auch durch Bedarfsprufungen bestimmt.
Dodging the vote

This study investigates the impact of ending the military draft on voter turnout in the U.S. The main study period runs from 1948 through 2006. After controlling for the unemployment rate, the degree of labor force unionization, the U.S.-Iraq War, the impact of voting in presidential elections, the female labor force participation rate, the percent of the adult population with a college degree, income, and a variable to reflect strong approval or disapproval of the U.S. President, compelling empirical evidence is found that ending the military draft in the U.S. acted to significantly reduce the aggregate voter participation rate.
Supertall Asia/Middle East: Technological Responses and Contextual Impacts

Supported by rapid economic growth, major cities in Asia and the Middle East have been rising as new centers for tall buildings. This article reviews the state of tall building developments in Asian and Middle Eastern countries with an emphasis on supertall buildings, with their greater urban and global impacts. Focusing primarily on physical construction, this article examines technological responses for building tall in Asian and Middle Eastern contexts. The architectural transformation and globalization of what was once called the “American Building Type” in Asian and Middle Eastern countries is studied. Sustainable design technology transfer and adjustment in Asian and Middle Eastern climates are presented. Further, future prospects on supertall design in Asian and Middle Eastern contexts are discussed.
Informal Care and the Division of End-of-Life Transfers

Unmarried parents in the AHEAD study derive the majority of their longterm care hours from their children, and childcaregivers are generally unpaid. This paper examines the extent to which the division of end-of-life transfers compensates caregiving children. In a model of siblings’ altruistic contribution of care to a shared parent, the parent’s estate division is found to influence total family care, even where care contingencies are unenforced. Evidence in the AHEAD data that end-of-life transfers favor both current and expected caregivers, and that children make altruistic but resourceconstrained caregiving decisions, is consistent with a theory of estate division in which planned end-of-life transfers elicit care from altruistic children.
Effects of media multi-tasking with Facebook on the enjoyment and encoding of TV episodes

People enjoyed TV shows more under single task than dual task conditions.People recalled more details of the shows under single task conditions.Habitual media multi-taskers benefitted the most under single task conditions.More interactions with Facebook in the study led to worse memory and enjoyment. The study examined the consequences of media multi-tasking involving Facebook and TV sitcoms. Experiment 1 had participants watch TV episodes of their choosing while interacting with Facebook, or on their own, and assessed their enjoyment of the episodes, their overall mood, as well as memory for the episodes. It also examined how these variables were affected by the participants' prior media multi-tasking experience. Experiment 2 manipulated the degree to which participants had to interact with Facebook while watching TV episodes. We found that participants enjoyed the episodes more under single task conditions than under dual task conditions, and they recalled more details of the episodes under single task conditions. Moreover, the participants who had to engage in more interactions with Facebook had less enjoyment and worse memory than those with less Facebook interactions. Finally, those participants that reported frequently engaging in media multi-tasking outside of the experiment benefitted the most from watching the TV episodes under single task conditions.
Training Graduate Students to Work With Children and Families A Content Analysis of Students’ Perceptions of a Child-Focused Course

Previous studies revealed that an alarming number of family therapists exclude children from family therapy, largely because they lacked comfort with children and perceived that their training, esp...
Stimulation of microtubule aster formation and spindle assembly by the small GTPase Ran.

Ran, a small guanosine triphosphatase, is suggested to have additional functions beyond its well-characterized role in nuclear trafficking. Guanosine triphosphate–bound Ran, but not guanosine diphosphate–bound Ran, stimulated polymerization of astral microtubules from centrosomes assembled on Xenopus sperm. Moreover, a Ran allele with a mutation in the effector domain (RanL43E) induced the formation of microtubule asters and spindle assembly, in the absence of sperm nuclei, in a γTuRC (γ-tubulin ring complex)– and XMAP215 ( Xenopus microtubule associated protein)–dependent manner. Therefore, Ran could be a key signaling molecule regulating microtubule polymerization during mitosis.
Propionate inactivation of butane monooxygenase activity in ‘Pseudomonas butanovora’: biochemical and physiological implications

Butane monooxygenase (BMO) catalyses the oxidation of alkanes to alcohols in the alkane-utilizing bacterium ‘Pseudomonas butanovora’. Incubation of alkane-grown ‘P. butanovora’ with butyrate or propionate led to irreversible time- and O2-dependent loss of BMO activity. In contrast, BMO activity was unaffected by incubation with lactate or acetate. Chloramphenicol inhibited the synthesis of new BMO, but did not change the kinetics of propionate-dependent BMO inactivation, suggesting that the propionate effect was not simply due to it acting as a repressor of BMO transcription. BMO was protected from propionate-dependent inactivation by the presence of its natural substrate, butane. Although both the time and O2 dependency of propionate inactivation of BMO imply that propionate might be a suicide substrate, no evidence was obtained for BMO-dependent propionate consumption, or 14C labelling of BMO polypeptides by [2-14C]propionate during inactivation. Propionate-dependent BMO inactivation was also explored in mutant strains of ‘P. butanovora’ containing single amino acid substitutions in the α-subunit of the BMO hydroxylase. Propionate-dependent BMO inactivation in two mutant strains with amino acid substitutions close to the catalytic site differed from wild-type (one was more sensitive and the other less), providing further evidence that propionate-dependent inactivation involves interaction with the BMO catalytic site. A putative model is presented that might explain propionate-dependent inactivation of BMO when framed within the context of the catalytic cycle of the closely related enzyme, soluble methane monooxygenase.
Plasma Serotonin in Autism

Serotonin is necessary for normal fetal brain development. Administration of serotonin inhibitors to pregnant rats results in offspring with abnormal behaviors, brain morphology, and serotonin receptor numbers. Low maternal plasma serotonin may contribute to abnormal brain development in autism. In this study, plasma serotonin levels in autism mothers and control mothers of typically developing children were compared, and plasma serotonin levels in children with autism (n = 17) and their family members were measured. Plasma serotonin levels in autism mothers were significantly lower than in mothers of normal children (P = 0.002). Plasma serotonin levels correlated between autism mothers and their children, but differed between autistic children and their fathers (P = 0.028) and siblings (P = 0.063). Low maternal plasma serotonin may be a risk factor for autism through effects on fetal brain development.