cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Acanthospondylus pennsylvanicus, A new Genus and Species of Pennsylvanian Eospondylid Ophiuroid (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) from Western Pennsylvania

ABSTRACT Acanthospondylus pennsylvanicus, new genus and species, is described and illustrated on the basis of a single specimen from the Conemaugh Group (Late Pennsylvanian) of western Pennsylvania. Distribution and morphology of ossicles similar to those of Eospondylus primigenius Sturtz, 1886, from the Early Devonian of Germany, including the absence of radial shields, dorsal and ventral arm plates, and the relatively wide separation of laterals over the ambulacral groove, indicates that Acanthospondylus belongs to the family Eospondylidae (Oegophiurida, Zeugophiurina) along with Eospondylus Gregory, 1897, and Kentrospondylus Lehmann, 1957. This extends the range of Eospondylidae from Early Devonian (Siegenian and Emsian) to Late Pennsylvanian (Early Kasimovian [Missourian]).
Collection/item metadata relationships

Contemporary retrieval systems, which search across collections, usually ignore collection-level metadata. Alternative approaches, exploiting collection-level information, will require an understanding of the various kinds of relationships that can obtain between collection-level and item-level metadata. This paper outlines the problem and describes a project that is developing a logic-based framework for classifying collection/item metadata relationships. This framework will support (i) metadata specification developers defining metadata elements, (ii) metadata creators describing objects, and (iii) system designers implementing systems that take advantage of collection-level metadata. We present three examples of collection/item metadata relationship categories, attribute/value-propagation, value-propagations, and value-constraint and show that even in these simple cases a precise formulation requires modal notions in addition to first-order logic. These formulations are related to recent work in information retrieval and ontology evaluation.
The Use of Medical Facilities for Cerebrovascular Disease Patients in a Country of Western Pennsylvania

A survey of hospital, nursing home, and death certificate records, and interviews with local physicians were undertaken in a country of 201,000 population. Data from these sources indicate that the incidence of cerebrovascular disease episodes requiring medical care is somewhat higher (particularly among the aged) than the incidence of cerebrovascular disease reported in the United States population. Each year, 385 patients per 100,000 population sought medical care for cerebrovascular disease; 37% of these patients died. One county resident in eight could expect to require care for cerebrovascular disease in the decade after his retirement. To care for the affected patients, one in 20 of the county's hospital beds and one in three of its nursing home beds were required. Including only the most easily identified direct costs, the care of patients with stroke in 1971 required $2,100 per patient and a yearly expenditure of $688,000 per 100,000 population.
Contribution of distinct adhesive interactions to platelet aggregation in flowing blood.

Aggregation of blood platelets contributes to the arrest of bleeding at sites of vascular injury, but it can occlude atherosclerotic arteries and precipitate diseases such as myocardial infarction. The bonds that link platelets under flow conditions were identified using confocal videomicroscopy in real time. Glycoprotein (GP) Ib and von Willebrand factor (vWF) acted in synergy with IIbβ3 and fibrinogen to sustain platelet accrual at the apex of thrombi where three-dimensional growth resulted in increasing shear rates. The specific function of distinct adhesion pathways in response to changing hemodynamic conditions helps to explain hemostatic and thrombotic processes.
Classical Statistical Mechanics

According to classical mechanics, equations of motion supplemented by initial conditions uniquely determine the subsequent evolution of a given system. For typical systems of our interest, however, the number of mechanical degrees of freedom is of the order of 1024. One cannot possibly write down 1024 equations of motion, much less solve them. It is also impossible to specify the initial conditions for such a system with a required accuracy. Moreover, even if we could somehow accomplish all of this, it would be entirely impossible to comprehend the resulting list of coordinates and momenta at any instant. Despite a hopeless scenario this observation might suggest, behavior of a macroscopic system is surprisingly regular as we have seen in thermodynamics. It is as if laws governing behavior of a macroscopic system are quite different from those governing its behavior at a microscopic level. In this chapter, we examine the connection between these two distinct ways of looking at a macroscopic system.
Foreclosure Mediation: An Experiment that Worked

Foreclosure mediation and diversion programs adopted in various states in the wake of the 2007 crisis have been highly effective in achieving workouts and other alternatives to forced home sales, according to the available research. The Uniform Law Commission has adopted a uniform Home Foreclosure Procedures Act (HFPA) that includes a pre-foreclosure resolution program, akin to mediation, for owner-occupied homes. This paper surveys the various state mediation programs and the existing empirical research on the costs and benefits of foreclosure mediation and diversion programs now in place. Some original data analysis is offered concerning foreclosure outcome variation among the states in a national mortgage performance database. Foreclosure mediation differs from conventional mediation standards embodied in the Uniform Mediation Act, and there is a body of case law on the duty to participate in foreclosure mediation in good faith. The paper concludes that the HFPA’s robust duty to participate in foreclosure mediation, together with new federal mortgage servicing rules, should remove obstacles to maximizing mutually beneficial foreclosure alternatives.
RECOVERY OF FUNCTION, PERIPHERAL SENSITIZATION AND SENSORY NEURONE ACTIVATION BY NOVEL PATHWAYS FOLLOWING AXONAL INJURY IN APLYSIA CALIFORNICA

Recovery of behavioural and sensory function was examined following unilateral pedal nerve crush in Aplysia californica. Nerve crush that transected all axons connecting the tail to the central nervous system (CNS) eliminated the ipsilateral tail-evoked siphon reflex, whose sensory input travels in the crushed tail nerve (p9). The first reliable signs of recovery of this reflex were observed within 1 week, and most animals displayed tail-evoked siphon responses within 2 weeks. Wide-dynamic-range mechanosensory neurones with somata in the ventrocaudal (VC) cluster of the ipsilateral pleural ganglion exhibited a few receptive fields (RFs) on the tail 3 weeks after unilateral pedal nerve crush, indicating that the RFs had either regenerated or been reconnected to the central somata. These RFs were smaller and sensitized compared with corresponding RFs on the contralateral, uncrushed side. Centrally conducted axon responses of VC sensory neurones to electrical stimulation distal to the nerve crush site did not reappear until at least 10 days after the crush. Because the crush site was much closer to the CNS than to the tail, the failure of axon responses to be restored earlier than the behavioural responses indicates that early stages of reflex recovery are not due to regeneration of VC sensory neurone axons into the tail. Following nerve crush, VC sensory neurones often could be activated by stimulating central connectives or peripheral nerves that do not normally contain the sensory neurone’s axons. These results suggest that recovery of behavioural function after nerve injury involves complex mechanisms, including regenerative growth of axotomized VC sensory neurones, sensitization of regenerating RFs and sprouting of VC sensory neurone fibres within the CNS. Furthermore, the rapidity of behavioural recovery indicates that its initial phases are mediated by additional mechanisms, perhaps centripetal regeneration of unidentified sensory neurones having peripheral somata, or transient reconnection of proximal and distal stumps of axotomized VC cells. Summary
Neural correlates of affective context in facial expression analysis: A simultaneous EEG-fNIRS study

We present a framework to measure the correlation between spontaneous human facial affective expressions and relevant brain activity. The affective states were registered from the video capture of facial expression and related neural activity was measured using wearable and portable neuroimaging systems: functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), electroencephalography (EEG) to asses both hemodynamic and electrophysiological responses. The methodology involves the simultaneous detection and comparison of various affective expressions by multi-modalities and classification of spatio-temporal data with neural signature traits. The experimental results show strong correlation between the spontaneous facial affective expressions and the affective states related brain activity. We propose a multimodal approach to jointly evaluate fNIRS signals and EEG signals for affective state detection. Results indicate that proposed method with fNIRS+EEG improves performance over fNIRS or EEG only approaches. These findings encourage further studies of the joint utilization of video and brain signals for face perception and brain-computer interface (BCI) applications.
Numerical Modeling of Gas-Solid Fluidized Bed Dynamics with Spherical Particles

In the present paper hydrodynamic modeling for spherical particles in uniform flow is presented. The fluid flow computation was achieved using two different solvers: 1) FLUENT and 2) MFIX (Multiphase Flow with Interphase eXchanges) a solver developed at the Department of Energy’s National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) for multiphase flows. The codes were tested for numerical convergence and various well-known drag models were used with the software packages. The fluid-particle interactions were compared with empirically obtained data. Results from the present model were found to be within 2.5% deviation with respect to experimental findings.
Detection of fingerprint minutiae using direction extension vector

To improve the performance of a minutiae-based fingerprint verification system,we propose a feature called direction extension vector(DEV) for fingerprint minutiae detection,each item of which can be described as maximum extension distance from a pixel in each pre-defined direction in the sub-region with the same intensity as the pixel.The fingerprint minutiae detection approach consists of four procedures.Firstly,all possible minutiae pixels are detected by employing the corresponding direction extension vector.Then we get the minutia locations by computing the center of minutia pixels in a local region.Next,we get the minutiae directions by searching the largest extension distance.Finally,according to the relative location and relative direction between minutiae,false minutiae are eliminated.Experimental results show that the proposed approach can detect minutiae with less computational cost and lower false detection.
RECYCLING AND METHANE PRODUCTION FOR HUMAN USE

Depletion of fossil fuel and increased environmental problems caused by waste disposal have led to rapid development of resource recovery technologies. This paper presents a review of the availability of municipal, industrial, farm and forestry wastes and some of the technologies for converting them to energy. The emphasis is on biological conversion of wastes to methane.
6 – Microbody membranes*

Publisher Summary Microbodies—designated as peroxisomes or glyoxysomes—are sub-cellular organelles, which are characterized biochemically by the compartmentation of catalases and oxidases, such as urate oxidase, D-amino acid oxidase, and L-α-hydroxy acid oxidase, and which produce hydrogen peroxide. Morphologically, the particles have been referred to as microbodies. In situations where microbodies contain all or part of the enzymes of the glyoxylate cycle, they are referred to as glyoxysomes; however, otherwise they are called peroxisomes or microbodies. They might be partially separated from other sub-cellular components by differential centrifugation and purified by sucrose density-gradient centrifugation in swinging-bucket rotors, although better resolution is obtained using zonal rotors. Microbodies from all sources consistently contain catalase and flavin oxidases; however, they contain other catabolic enzymes in addition, which might differ depending on the organ or biological material. Certain enzymes of purine catabolism are found in peroxisomes of many species.
Incidence and Clinical Significance of Renal Infarct After Fenestrated Endovascular Aortic Aneurysm Repair

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study is to determine the incidence and clinical significance of renal infarcts after fenestrated endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (FEVAR). MATERIALS AND METHODS. All patients who underwent FEVAR with unenhanced and contrast-enhanced CT angiography during a 4-year period were retrospectively reviewed. Two staff radiologists reviewed pre- and post-FEVAR CT examinations for the presence of renal infarcts. Pre- and postoperative serum creatinine levels were examined to determine statistical significance. The incidence of renal infarct and percentage of renal volume reduction were calculated. RESULTS. Ninety patients were included for analysis. All patients had a mild progressive increase in serum creatinine level after FEVAR. Twenty-three patients (26%) had a renal infarct identified on post-FEVAR CT, nine (39%) of which were secondary to intentional exclusion of an accessory renal artery and 14 (61%) of which were presumed to be embolic. Two patients with presumed embolic i...
What characteristics of nutrition and physical activity interventions are key to effectively reducing weight gain in obese or overweight pregnant women? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Summary Lifestyle interventions targeting gestational weight gain (GWG) report varying degrees of success. To better understand factors influencing efficacy, we reviewed randomized trials specifically among obese and overweight pregnant women. Methods We conducted a systematic review and a meta-analysis of 32 studies with a pooled population of 5,869 overweight or obese pregnant women. Random effects models were fit to compute the weighted mean difference (WMD) in GWG between groups across studies. Subgroup analyses were conducted to compare intervention efficacy in overweight vs. obese pregnant women, and interventions delivered by prenatal care providers (PCPs) vs. non-PCPs during pregnancy. Moderator analyses ensured. Results Nine (28%) of 32 studies reported significant reductions in GWG in response to intervention. Of these, six (66%) of nine were delivered by PCPs. Overall, the WMD in GWG was −1.71 (95% confidence interval [CI]: −2.55, −0.86) kg. However, interventions delivered by PCPs yielded a significantly greater reduction in GWG compared to interventions delivered by non-PCPs (WMD = −3.88 kg; 95% CI: −7.01, −0.75 vs. -0.80 kg; 95% CI: −1.32, −0.28; p for difference = 0.005). Conclusion When PCPs counsel nutrition and physical activity, obese and overweight pregnant women have greater success meeting GWG targets and may be more motivated to modify their behaviour than with other modes of intervention deliveries.
Phase I study of gemcitabine (G), dasatinib (D), and erlotinib (E) in advanced pancreatic carcinoma (PC).

315Background: The combination of E with G remains the only approved targeted therapy for PC based on significant, yet modest, improved overall survival when compared to G alone in a phase III clin...
Reseña de Javier San Martín, La nueva imagen de Husserl, lecciones de Guanajuato, Trotta, 2015.

Resena de Javier San Martin, La nueva imagen de Husserl, lecciones de Guanajuato, Trotta, 2015.
Use of flavin photochemistry to probe intraprotein and interprotein electron transfer mechanisms

Photoexcitation of flavin analogs generates the lowest triplet state (via intersystem crossing from the first excited singlet state) in the nanosecond time domain and with high quantum efficiency. The triplet, being a strong oxidant, can abstract a hydrogen atom (or an electron) from a reduced donor in a diffusion-controlled reaction. If the donor is a redox protein, the oxidation process can be used to initiate an electron transfer sequence involving either intramolecular or intermolecular reactions. If the donor is an organic compound such as EDTA, the neutral flavin semiquinone will be produced by H atom abstraction; this is a strong reductant and can subsequently transfer a hydrogen atom (or an electron) to an oxidized redox protein, thereby again initiating a sequence of intramolecular or intermolecular processes. If flavin photoexcitation is accomplished using a pulsed laser light source, the initiation of these protein electron transfer reactions can be made to occur in the nanosecond to microsecond time domain, and the sequence of events can be followed by time-resolved spectrophotometry to obtain rate constants and thus mechanistic information. The present paper describes this technology, and selected examples of its use in the investigation of redox protein mechanisms are given.
Survival and interaction of Escherichia coli O104:H4 on Arabidopsis thaliana and lettuce (Lactuca sativa) in comparison to E. coli O157:H7: Influence of plant defense response and bacterial capsular polysaccharide.

Abstract Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) has been associated with illnesses and outbreaks linked to fresh vegetables, prompting a growing public health concern. Most studies regarding interactions of STEC on fresh produce focused on E. coli O157:H7. Limited information is available about survival or fitness of E. coli O104:H4, non-O157 pathogen that was linked to one of the largest outbreaks of hemolytic uremic syndrome in 2011. In this study, survival of E. coli O104:H4 was evaluated on Arabidopsis thaliana plant and lettuce for 5 days compared with E. coli O157:H7, and expression of pathogenesis-realted gene (PR1; induction of plant defense response) was examined by reverse transcription quantitative PCR, and potential influence of capsular polysaccharide (CPS) on the bacterial fitness on plant was investigated. Populations of E. coli O104:H4 strains (RG1, C3493, and LpfA) on Arabidopsis and lettuce were significantly (P
Using Quenching To Detect Corrosion on Sculptural Metalwork: A Real-World Application of Fluorescence Spectroscopy

Fluorescence spectroscopy experiments are a frequently taught as part of upper-division teaching laboratories. To expose undergraduate students to an applied fluorescence technique, a corrosion detection method, using quenching, was adapted from authentic research for an instrumental analysis laboratory. In the experiment, students acquire fluorescence spectra of sensing molecules in the presence of mock sculpture samples and discuss the condition of the sculptures based on the levels of soluble iron detected. This real-world-based experiment allows students the chance to engage with ongoing research and further understand the challenges with early detection of corrosion. Most students successfully completed the experiment, wrote a journal-quality report, and met the learning outcomes.
Choline Administration to Patients with Huntington’s Disease or Tardive Dyskinesia

This chapter describes clinical trials of choline administration to patients with Huntington’s disease (HD) or tardive dyskinesia (TD). The results illustrate a new mode of medical therapy whereby choline, a naturally occurring dietary constituent and precursor of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh), is used to treat non-nutritional brain diseases in which cholinergic activity may be deficient.
Social networks in the migration process: empirical evidence on chain migration in India.

This study based on interviews with 1615 migrant heads of household in Delhi was concerned with interactions between labor migrants and their urban-based contacts. 86% of the rural migrants reported having relatives and/or covillagers living in Delhi at the time of their arrival and virtually all received some form of assistance from their contacts. A preference for assistance from relatives rather than covillagers was noted suggesting that migrants regarded kinship bonds as stronger than village and caste ties. However covillagers tended to be contacted if relatives failed to secure a job for the new migrants within a reasonable time. The moves of only 17% of the sample could be classified under delayed family migration (relocation of family members in lagged stages). The tendency for traditional norms to be relaxed in an urban setting is reflected in the finding that the places of origin of migrants and their urban-based relatives differed in about half the cases that involved assistance from relatives. In addition 13% of migrants violated traditional norms by seeking assistance from female agnates and kin affinally linked through these women. The most common pattern of assistance provided by both relatives and covillagers included room food and job search; however new migrants tended to prefer to obtain board and lodging from relatives. Migrants helped by primary male agnates were twice as likely to receive money as those helped by other relatives. A consequence of chain migration is the concentration of persons from the same village or kinship network in particular occupations. 36% of the wage employees in the sample had relatives and/or covillagers working for the same employer. This suggests that migration induced by urban-based contacts (accounting for 42% of the migration in this sample) will be low if the sectors in which job opportunities are expanding are dominated by nonmigrants. Given the prevalence of chain migration the contribution of migration to urban unemployment is likely to be fairly low.
Positive Seatbelt Sign with Avulsed Leiomyoma following Motor Vehicle Accident Leading to Hemoperitoneum

A positive seatbelt sign following a motor vehicle accident is associated with an increased risk of intra-abdominal injury and hemoperitoneum. Injury to the uterus in reproductive-age women can also occur. In this report, we describe a 29-year-old nulligravida female who presented to the emergency room following a motor vehicle accident at freeway speeds. A positive seatbelt sign was noted, and a focused assessment with sonography for trauma revealed hemoperitoneum with an incidental finding of uterine leiomyomata. Upon exploratory laparotomy, a free-floating intraperitoneal mass was identified as an avulsed uterine leiomyoma. A uterine laceration containing a subserosal leiomyoma was also identified. The gynecological team was consulted, and a myomectomy of the subserosal leiomyoma followed by a closure of the uterine laceration was performed. The patient was transfused with a total of three units of packed red blood cells and two units of fresh frozen plasma. The postoperative course was without major complication. A positive seatbelt sign and hemoperitoneum in a reproductive-age woman with leiomyomata should increase the clinical suspicion for uterine injury and decrease the threshold for obtaining a gynecological consultation.
The Microbiome and Food Allergy.

The gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) faces a considerable challenge. It encounters antigens derived from an estimated 1014 commensal microbes and greater than 30 kg of food proteins yearly. It...
Laughter in Interaction

Laughter in Interaction is an illuminating and lively account of how and why people laugh during conversation. Bringing together twenty-five years of research on the sequential organisation of laughter in everyday talk, Glenn analyses recordings and transcripts to show the finely detailed co-ordination of human laughter. He demonstrates that its production and placement, relative to talk and other activities, reveal much about its emergent meaning and accomplishments. The book shows how the participants in a conversation move from a single laugh to laughing together, how the matter of 'who laughs first' implicates orientation to social activities and how interactants work out whether laughs are more affiliative or hostile. The final chapter examines the contribution of laughter to sequences of conversational intimacy and play and to the invocation of gender. Engaging and original, the book shows how this seemingly insignificant part of human communication turns out to play a highly significant role in how people display, respond to and revise identities and relationships.
Autonomous ships: a review, innovative applications and future maritime business models

Over the last decade, a few autonomous ship prototypes have been developed. While Norway is pioneering the technological development of autonomous ships (AS), other countries such as China, Finland...
Shared Intentionality, joint commitment, and directed obligation.

Tomasello frequently refers to joint commitment, but does not fully characterize it. In earlier publications, I have offered a detailed account of joint commitment, tying it to a sense that the parties form a “we,” and arguing that it grounds directed obligations and rights. Here I outline my understanding of joint commitment and its normative impact.
Computational Investigation into Ligand Effects on Correlated Geared Dynamics in Dirhodium Supramolecular Gears-Insights Beyond the NMR Experimental Window.

The rotational dynamics of dirhodium supramolecular gears, formed with four 9-triptycene carboxylates cyclically arranged around a dirhodium core with variable axial ligands as originally designed ...
Clinical competence statement of the Society for Vascular Surgery on training and credentialing for transcarotid artery revascularization

As the practice of medicine grows in complexity, the process of defining the expertise required for the competent execution of specific procedures has also become complex. The Society for Vascular Surgery therefore constituted a task force to provide informed recommendations on the knowledge, technical skills, resources, and infrastructure required to obtain and to maintain privileges for the safe and effective performance of transcarotid artery revascularization (TCAR). The TCAR procedure is being adopted rapidly, and it is therefore important that informed guidance be available expeditiously. Formal training in the pathophysiology and diagnosis of carotid occlusive disease and all management options is essential. Appropriate diagnostic, imaging, endovascular, surgical, and monitoring infrastructure is required, as are resources to maintain quality control. Credentialing and privileging require a combination of both open surgical and endovascular skills. As such, physicians must have hospital privileges to perform carotid endarterectomy. They should attend an appropriate program for education and simulated training in TCAR. In addition, physicians must have performed ≥25 endovascular procedures as the primary operator using low-profile rapid-exchange platforms plus ≥5 TCAR procedures as the primary operator (pathway 1); or they may have acquired ≥25 endovascular procedures as the primary operator using low-profile rapid-exchange platforms and a supplement of 5 TCAR procedures under proctored guidance if they have not performed sufficient TCAR procedures (pathway 2); or a team of two physicians can collaborate, combining the endovascular and surgical requirements plus at least 5 TCAR procedures under proctored guidance (pathway 3).
SAT0049 Anterior knee pain and hyperlaxity

Background Patellar malalignment is one of the most important reason of anterior knee pain and is determined by Q angle measurement. Q angle is defined as the angle between quadriceps muscle and patellar tendon. It is approximately 13 degrees in male and 18 degrees in female. Objectives The first aim of this study is to determine Q angle differences in supine and upright position. The second aim is to evaluate Q angle differences in person who have hyperlaxity compared to healthy ones. Methods In this study,253 healthy person was evaluated according to hyperlaxity and Q angle degrees. The measurements of hyperlaxity was carried out by using Beighton scoring system. According to the scores 5 and over 20 cases, less than 5 20 cases and finally other 20 cases in whom the laxity score was 0 degree were accepted as a control group. We use one way Annova method to compare Q angle degrees in supine and upright position. TUKEY-HSD test was applied to show relation between hyperlaxity and Q angle. Results Standing and supine position Q angle values were not found statistically significant.(p > 0.05) However hyperlaxity more than 5 (According to Beighton score was found statistically significant compared to control group. Conclusion In our study we concluded that; There is no difference between supine and upright position Q angle values There is significantly corelation between hyperlaxity and Q angle values Reference Graham R. Regional and heritable bone and collagen diseases: Hypermobility syndrome. In: Dieppe PA, Klippel HJ, eds. Rheumatology. London: Mosby, 1998;8:51–2
Hamstring Autograft Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Using an All-Inside Technique With and Without Independent Suture Tape Reinforcement.

Purpose To compare the (1) rates of complications and reoperations, (2) rate of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) graft failure, and (3) patient-reported outcomes (PROs) among patients after hamstring autograft ACL reconstruction (ACLR) with and without independent suture tape reinforcement at a minimum 2-year clinical follow-up. Methods We performed a 1:2 matched-cohort comparison of patients who underwent hamstring autograft ACLR with and without independent suture tape reinforcement between July 2011 and July 2017. Patients were matched according to age, sex, body mass index, preinjury Tegner activity score, and concomitant meniscal injury. Medical records were reviewed for demographic characteristics, additional injuries, and concomitant procedures. PRO scores (including Tegner activity, Lysholm, and International Knee Documentation Committee scores) and physical examination findings were collected both preoperatively and at a minimum of 2 years postoperatively. Results Overall, 108 patients who underwent ACLR were included: 36 patients (mean age, 25.3 years; range, 13-44 years) with independent suture tape reinforcement and 72 patients (mean age, 24.9 years; range, 13-54 years) without suture tape reinforcement. Overall, 5 of 36 suture tape patients (14%) and 10 of 72 control patients (14%) underwent reoperations. At an average follow-up of 26.1 months in the suture tape cohort and 31.3 months in the control cohort, 1 patient in the suture tape cohort and 4 patients in the control cohort experienced graft failure. There were no statistically significant differences between the suture tape and control groups regarding return-to-sport rate (89% and 88%, respectively), postoperative International Knee Documentation Committee score (94.4 and 93.8, respectively), and postoperative Lysholm score (95.6 and 94, respectively). There was a statistically significant difference between the suture tape and control groups in postoperative Tegner activity score, at 7.1 (95% confidence interval, 6.5-7.6) and 6.4 (95% confidence interval, 6.2-6.6), respectively (P = .026). Conclusions ACLR with hamstring autograft and independent suture tape reinforcement was performed safely with low rates of complications, graft failure, and reoperations with similar PROs, function, and return-to-sport rates when compared with hamstring autograft ACLR without suture tape reinforcement at a minimum 2-year follow-up. Level of Evidence Level III, retrospective comparative study.
Nelfinavir inhibits the growth of small-cell lung cancer cells and patient-derived xenograft tumors

Background/aim Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is aggressive and confers poor prognosis. Although SCLC shows more response to chemotherapy than other types of lung cancer, it is difficult to cure because of its frequent recurrence. New drugs and molecular targets need to be identified. Materials and methods We investigated the effect of nelfinavir, an HIV protease inhibitor, on SCLC cells and in preclinical treatment studies using SCLC patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mouse models. Results Nelfinavir inhibited SCLC cell proliferation and induced cell death in vitro, which was caused by induction of the unfolded protein response (UPR), inhibition of mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) activation, and reduction in the expression of SCLC-related molecules such as achaete-scute homolog 1 (ASCL1). In vivo, nelfinavir inhibited the growth of SCLC PDX tumors, which correlated with the induction of UPR and reduced expression of ASCL1. Conclusion Nelfinavir is highly effective in SCLC in vitro and in vivo, suggesting possible incorporation of nelfinavir into clinical trials for patients with SCLC.
Escala de Abuso Economico: Validating the Scale of Economic Abuse-12 (SEA-12) in Spanish

Language is a key consideration in the development of culturally-responsive interventions for survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV), and this includes not only the delivery of services, but also screening and evaluation materials. Given that Spanish is the most widely used language within the United States (U.S.) outside of English, it is important to ensure that measures of IPV are valid and reliable for use with Spanish-speaking survivors in the U.S. context. As such, the purpose of this study is to validate the Scale of Economic Abuse-12 for use with Spanish-speaking survivors. This study utilizes baseline data from 436 survivors of IPV who participated in a longitudinal, randomized controlled study evaluating a financial empowerment program. This included 201 participants that completed the survey in Spanish, and 235 participants that completed the survey in English. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to test for measurement invariance across the Spanish and English language survey groups. After measurement invariance testing was completed, the reliability of the SEA-12 was examined for both groups. When examining the psychometric equivalence of the SEA-12 for both English and Spanish-speaking survivors of IPV, partial strict measurement invariance was achieved. The reliability of the scale and its subscales were also generally good. Results from this study demonstrated that the SEA-12 performed well with the Spanish-speaking survivors in this sample based in the U.S. As such, the Spanish translation of the SEA-12 can be recommended for use in research and practice with Spanish-speaking survivors within the U.S.
Canopy tree density and species influence tree regeneration patterns and woody species diversity in a longleaf pine forest

Abstract Longleaf pine once dominated much of the forested area of the Coastal Plain of the southeastern United States and is a focal forest type for restoration efforts. In these forests, two species dominate the canopy which may influence tree regeneration. Ultimately, the outcomes of habitat filtering, competition, and disturbance manifest in spatial patterns of tree regeneration, including in longleaf pine ecosystems. Understanding regeneration and establishment patterns can aid in restoration efforts. We ask how the dominant species in an established longleaf pine forest are spatially arranged to provide insight into the mechanisms that may be driving tree establishment in longleaf pine forests. We found that longleaf pine saplings were more likely to be found near the other dominant tree species in this forest, turkey oak trees, than in gaps or near to longleaf pine trees. Similarly, turkey oak saplings clustered around turkey oak trees but were dispersed in relation to longleaf pine trees. These findings point towards the interplay between canopy tree composition, leaf litter, and fire behavior as driving mechanisms in the successful establishment of both pines and oaks in this forest.
Skipped dienes in natural product synthesis

Covering: 2000–2020The 1,4-diene motif, also known as a skipped diene, is widespread across various classes of natural products including alkaloids, fatty acids, terpenoids, and polyketides as part of either the finalized structure or a biosynthetic intermediate. The prevalence of this nonconjugated diene system in nature has resulted in numerous encounters in the total synthesis literature. However, skipped dienes have not been extensively reviewed, which could be attributed to overshadowing by the more recognized 1,3-diene system. In this review, we aim to highlight the relevance of skipped dienes in natural products through the lens of total synthesis. Subjects that will be covered include nomenclature, structural properties, prevalence in natural products, synthetic strategies and the future direction of the field.
Elevated risk thresholds predict endocrine risk-reducing medication use in the Athena screening registry.

Risk-reducing endocrine therapy use, though the benefit is validated, is extremely low. The FDA has approved tamoxifen and raloxifene for a 5-year Breast Cancer Risk Assessment Tool (BCRAT) risk ≥ 1.67%. We examined the threshold at which high-risk women are likely to be using endocrine risk-reducing therapies among Athena Breast Health Network participants from 2011-2018. We identified high-risk women by a 5-year BCRAT risk ≥ 1.67% and those in the top 10% and 2.5% risk thresholds by age. We estimated the odds ratio (OR) of current medication use based on these thresholds using logistic regression. One thousand two hundred and one (1.2%) of 104,223 total participants used medication. Of the 33,082 participants with 5-year BCRAT risk ≥ 1.67%, 772 (2.3%) used medication. Of 2445 in the top 2.5% threshold, 209 (8.6%) used medication. Participants whose 5-year risk exceeded 1.67% were more likely to use medication than those whose risk was below this threshold, OR 3.94 (95% CI = 3.50-4.43). The top 2.5% was most strongly associated with medication usage, OR 9.50 (8.13-11.09) compared to the bottom 97.5%. Women exceeding a 5-year BCRAT ≥ 1.67% had modest medication use. We demonstrate that women in the top 2.5% have higher odds of medication use than those in the bottom 97.5% and compared to a risk of 1.67%. The top 2.5% threshold would more effectively target medication use and is being tested prospectively in a randomized control clinical trial.
My Victorian novel: critical essays in the personal voice: edited by Annette R. Federico, Columbia, U of Missouri P, 2020, 316 pp., $36.00 (hardback), ISBN: 9780826222077

I was delighted to be asked to review this beautiful book, intriguingly titled My Victorian Novel: Critical Essays in the Personal Voice, edited by Annette R. Federico. Here, Federico assembled an ...
Rethinking Financial Inclusion: Designing an Equitable Financial System with Public Policy

Remedies for financial inclusion have been rooted in mistaken assumptions about credit markets. Inclusion and “access to credit” are viewed as ancillary, gap-filling, or as a subsidized add-on to credit markets for those who are left out. This paper proposes a different understanding of financial inclusion, which situates the problem as one rooted in the design of the financial system. Achieving financial inclusion requires structural changes to the “normal” financial system, secured through democratic means and policymaking rather than as a result of innovative companies and products. The design of credit markets is an a priori choice that determines who has access to credit. Instead of financial inclusion, this paper proposes to reframe the problem as a matter of financial redesign.
Structure Inducing Pre-Training.

We present a theoretical analysis from first principles that establishes a novel connection between relational inductive bias of pre-training and fine-tuning performance while providing an extended view on general pre-training models. We further explore how existing pre-training methods impose relational inductive biases, finding that the vast majority of existing approaches focus almost exclusively on modelling relationships in an intra-sample manner, rather than a per-sample manner. We build upon these findings with simulations and empirical studies on standard benchmarks spanning 3 data modalities and 10 downstream tasks. These investigations validate our theoretical analyses, and provides a recipe to produce new pre-training methods which incorporate provably richer inductive biases than do existing methods in line with user specified relational graphs.
Geographic region, racial/ethnic disparities and late-life depression: results from a large US cohort of older adults

ABSTRACT Objectives To determine associations between geographic region and late-life depression (LLD) severity, item-level symptom burden, and treatment; to evaluate whether racial/ethnic disparities in LLD, previously observed in the overall sample, vary by region. Methods We included 25,502 VITAL (Vitamin D and Omega-3 Trial) participants and administered the Patient Health Questionnaire-8 for depressive symptoms; participants also reported medication and/or counseling care for depression. Multivariable regression analyses were performed. Results Despite overall lower LLD severity and item-level symptom burden in the Midwest vs. Northeast, higher LLD severity and item-level burden were observed among minorities, especially Black and Hispanic adults, compared to non-Hispanic whites in this region. Racial/ethnic disparities in item-level symptoms (e.g., anhedonia, sadness, psychomotor changes) varied by region. There were no significant differences in depression care by region; furthermore, regional variation was not observed in racial disparities in care: e.g., among those with clinician/physician-diagnosed depression, Blacks vs. non-Hispanic whites had >50% lower odds of treatment in all regions. Conclusion LLD varied by geographic region. Furthermore, magnitudes of racial/ethnic disparities in LLD severity and item-level symptom burden, but not depression care, differed by region.
Synthesis, Characterization and Applications of Rare Earth Metal Ion Chelating Polymers

The fluorescent characteristics of europium chelates are of considerable interest in connection with electronic energy transfer processes and with their use in laser systems.1,2 The most successful laser systems have demonstrated the use of compounds of the [(β-diketono)4Eu]-C+ system as the active species, where C+ is the cation such as piperidinium or substituted ammonium. Laser activity of the chelate compounds in organic solution was observed initially at temperatures near 100K;3 however, room temperature operation has also been observed. To permit long term repetitive flashing, externally cooling the solution has been required.4
Cryptosporidium parvum: Minuscule but Mighty

This chapter demonstrates the power of Cryptosporidium parvum tiny parasite to alter human health. It focuses on recent observations and highlights current areas of uncertainty. Regardless of the exact taxonomy of Cryptosporidium species, numerous studies now indicate that C. parvum isolates exhibit considerable molecular heterogeneity. A study by researchers indicates that bovine genotype isolates do have variable virulence for humans and makes it perfectly clear that C. parvum is a very infectious parasite. In this study, healthy human volunteers serologically negative for anti-C. parvum antibodies were infected with one of three bovine genotype Cryptosporidium isolates. Studies of waterborne Cryptosporidium disease, children in developing countries, and AIDS patients as well as data examining the course of C. parvum infection in healthy volunteers illustrate the complexity of clinical cryptosporidiosis. The understanding of the mechanisms by which C. parvum infection stimulates intestinal secretion to cause diarrheal disease remains incomplete. However, a variety of observations have facilitated one's ability to develop a working model of disease pathogenesis due to C. parvum. Only effective highly active antiretroviral therapy has been clearly shown to result in the resolution of C. parvum disease in AIDS patients due to improved host immune function.
City of Sherrill v. Oneida Indian Nation of New York: A Regretful Postscript to the Taxation Chapter in Cohen's Handbook of Federal Indian Law

It is a tough time to be teaching American Indian law. As a professor, one tries to maintain at least some semblance of respect for the various branches of government, hoping to encourage serious examination of divisive issues of law and policy. Yet, I know I am not alone in trying desperately to avoid lapsing into unseemly cynicism, bordering on whiny sarcasm, when it comes to teaching some of the recent United States Supreme Court decisions in the field. It is not merely the pathetic whine of the sore loser. It is true that most American Indian law scholars tend to support the long-standing view that inherent tribal sovereignty is a crucial moral and legal first principle. But most of us recognize there are some cases that erode tribal self-governance, either by allowing concurrent state authority or finding an absence of tribal inherent sovereignty, that are nonetheless decided on defensible and well-articulated grounds. There is also a rich scholarly debate about the legitimacy and extent of federal power over tribal nations,1 and a range of disagreement over the appropriate responses to recent Supreme Court decisions.2 In short, the professoriate is not a monolith in terms of its values about the field or its views about the law. But as legal academics, we hope for at least some