cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
(Weakly) three-dimensional caseology

Abstract The singular eigenfunction technique of Case for solving one-dimensional planar symmetry linear transport problems is extended to a restricted class of three-dimensional problems. This class involves planar geometry, but with forcing terms (either boundary conditions or internal sources) which are weakly dependent upon the transverse spatial variables. Our analysis involves a singular perturbation about the classic planar analysis, and leads to the usual Case discrete and continuum modes, but modulated by weakly dependent three-dimensional spatial functions. These functions satisfy parabolic differential equations, with a different diffusion coefficient for each mode. Representative one-speed time-independent transport problems are solved in terms of these generalized Case eigenfunctions. Our treatment is very heuristic, but may provide an impetus for more rigorous analysis.
Biotic interactions in freshwater benthic habitats

AbstractWe summarized studies on the impacts and scale effects of negative (competition, predation, parasitism, herbivory) and positive (mutualism, commensalism, indirect facilitation) species interactions in freshwater benthic habitats since ∼1986 and focused on organisms with mainly or entirely aquatic life cycles. Benthologists publishing in J-NABS have contributed robustly to our overall knowledge of predation and herbivory but less so of other species interactions. Predators can limit the abundance of benthic prey and affect prey size or age structure, behavior, and morphology, and these effects can be transmitted through food webs and ecosystems. Herbivores can limit biomass of benthic algae, alter physiognomy, species composition and diversity, and stoichiometry, and exert strong indirect effects within food webs and nutrient cycles. Parasites can alter host behavior or morphology, but few studies have shown that lethal/sublethal effects of parasites on their hosts have population- or community-sca...
Multiple ionization in relativistic heavy-ion – atom collisions

We show that in relativistic heavy-ion collisions the independent-electron model can be used to predict cross sections for multiple inner-shell ionization in a single collision. Charge distributions of 430- and 955-MeV/amu U/sup 90+/, U/sup 89+/, U/sup 83+/, and U/sup 68+/ beams emerging from thin solid targets were used to obtain single- and multiple-electron stripping cross sections. The probabilities of stripping electrons from the K, L, or M shells were calculated using the semiclassical approximation and Dirac hydrogenic wave functions. The data generally agree with theory. An influence of the Auger effect is seen in U/sup 68+/ collisions.
Evaluation of the TCE catalytic oxidation unit at Wurtsmith Air Force Base

Remediation of VOC-contaminated groundwater is frequently performed by air stripping, a process that transfers the contaminants from the water phase to the air phase by contacting the phases countercurrently through a packed-bed column. Air stripping has proven to be effective and economic for removing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from groundwater; in many cases, however, the states require the use of an emissions control device, such as a catalytic oxidation unit or a catalytic incinerator, in conjunction with the air stripping unit. Incineration is an attractive choice for emissions control since the contaminants are destroyed on site. Wurtsmith Air Force Base is the site of an air-stripping-with-emissions-control system to remove VOCs, chiefly trichloroethylene (TCE), from groundwater. A fluidized-bed catalytic oxidation unit treats the air stream to destroy the organic contaminants. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of this unit and its catalyst for destroying halogenated organics with respect to catalyst bed temperature and operating time. The objectives included identification of any products of incomplete combustion formed and determination of the utility costs for the unit. Samples were collected over a period of {approximately}19 months with volatile organic sampling trains according to EPA Method 30. Samples were takenmore » at catalyst bed temperatures of 315, 370, 425, and 480{degree}C. The results indicate that the incinerator was destroying the TCE with >97% efficiency when operated at 370{degree}C or greater. 6 refs., 9 figs., 2 tabs.« less
ONE-PARTICLE PROPERTIES OF AN INHOMOGENEOUS INTERACTING ELECTRON GAS.

In previous publications (especially by Hohenberg, Kohn, and Sham), a theory of the ground state of an inhomogeneous interacting electron gas was developed, in which the electronic density $n(\mathrm{r})$ played a dominant role. The present paper extends this approach to the one-particle Green's function and physical properties related to it, such as single-particle-like excitations and, in the case of metals, the Fermi surface. The Dyson mass operator $\ensuremath{\Sigma}$ is studied as a function of its spatial arguments and as a functional of $n(\mathrm{r})$, and, in both senses, it is found to have important short-range properties. An approximation for $\ensuremath{\Sigma}$, which is exact for systems of slowly varying density, is proposed. This leads to simple, explicit, Schr\"odinger-like equations for the single-particle-like excitations, whose solution determines their energies and lifetimes. In particular, we show how to apply this procedure to metals.
Performance-Based Contracting and the Moderating Influence of Caseworker Role Overload on Service Provision in Child Welfare

Although performance-based contracts have become increasingly popular in child welfare, administrators are developing these contracts with little empirically guided information about how internal work conditions may influence the services families receive. This study examines how child welfare caseworker role overload moderates associations between child welfare agencies' use of performance-based contracting and services provided to families. Analyses using data from the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being suggest that when caseworkers experience high role overload, use of performance-based contracts may decrease caregivers' likelihood of receiving necessary social and behavioral health services. These findings and their implications are discussed.
Complex coacervates for thermally sensitive controlled release of flavor compounds.

To improve the appeal of frozen baked foods upon heating, we have encapsulated flavor oil in complex coacervate microcapsules using gelatin and gum Arabic. Variation of polyion concentrations and homogenization rate affected particle morphology, size distribution, and oil release upon heating. Release of the oil from formulations was determined by a simple spectroscopic method based on separation of oil labeled with a lipophilic dye from unaffected particles. When heated to 100 °C or higher, univesicular microcapsules (prepared with a lower homogenization rate) released almost all of the encapsulated oil, while multivesicular microcapsules (produced by high homogenization rates) resulted had lesser degrees of release. The oil remained encapsulated during 4 weeks of storage at 4 and −20 °C (freezing and thawing) but was released by exposure to 100 mM NaCl at room temperature. When particles were cooled after releasing their oil content, the oil was re-encapsulated. Keywords: Complex coacervation; gelatin-g...
Stress-related cortisol levels in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) plasma do not affect peripheral amino acids chemoreception

Abstract 1. 1. Electrophysiological responses of the channel catfish barbels gustatory system to 10 −4 M of two amino acids, l -alanine and l -arginine, were monitored following transportation of the fish to the laboratory's holding tanks. 2. 2. During the entire monitoring period, up to 20 days post-transportation, only small changes in gustatory response were observed, which were not correlated with changes in plasma cortisol levels, which were used as a stress indicator. 3. 3. Injecting channel catfish with cortisol produced no significant effect on gustatory perception of the two amino acids tested, although it accelerated liver glycogen depletion.
The Semiconductor Equipment and Materials Institute specification for solar cell silicon

Abstract The specification for solar cell silicon slices under development by the Semiconductor Equipment and Materials Institute is described. The specification covers physical and dimensional but not electrical attributes of the material. Work to establish standardized dimensions of slices is continuing.
Medial maxillectomy via midfacial degloving approach

Medial maxillectomy with or without ethmoidectomy has become the standard surgical procedure for management of inverted papilloma. The classic description of medial maxillectomy includes the lateral rhinotomy type of incision. However, the midfacial degloving approach is gaining popularity. The main advantage of the midfacial degloving approach over procedures such as Denker's, Caldwell-Luc, lateral rhinotomy, and transpalatal approach, is the combination of wide exposure, avoidance of facial skin incisions and scars, the ability to perform bilateral surgery, and avoidance of palatal dysfunction.
The Significance of Statistical Significance Tests in Marketing Research

Classical statistical significance testing is the primary method by which marketing researchers empirically test hypotheses and draw inferences about theories. The authors discuss the interpretatio...
On Mappings into Group-like Spaces

This Chapter continues the discussion of H-spaces which was begun in Chapter III. If G is a group-like space, then [X, G] is a group for any space X. This group need not be abelian (although it is if X is the suspension of a space Y). It is natural to ask whether it may be nilpotent. It turns out that the degree of nilpotence is closely related to the Lusternik-Schnirelmann category of the space X. Indeed, a mild change in the definition of the latter in order to relate it more closely to homotopy notions, results in the theorem that, if cat X < c and G is a 0-connected group-like space, then [X, G] is nilpotent of class < c.
Phase transition of apple cuticles: a DSC study

Apple and capsicum cuticles were isolated enzymatically from mature fruits and the effect of storage temperature on phase transition of the lipid components in the cuticle was examined using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). It was found that the cuticular membrane underwent an endothermic transition attributed to melting of the waxes present in the cuticle. On storage at low temperatures the cuticular membrane underwent a change in structure and the melting enthalpy of the waxes present decreased as seen by DSC.
Methane production in Mississippi River deltaic plain peat

Abstract Seasonal methane production in a coastal peat deposit was studied. Dissolved methane content in interstitial water increased with increasing depth. Methane production rate was related to temperature in the 0–40 cm depth, but was relatively constant at depths below 40 cm. Maximal methane content was found in spring and lowest content in November to January. Production rates were pH dependent, with an optimum rate of methanogenesis at pH 7.7. The accumulation of metabolic end products produced within the peat-water matrix appear to be important in limiting methanogenesis in wetland ecosystems. The reserve of methane in the interstitial water of the brackish marsh was estimated to be 15.8 g CH 4 m −2 or 221 CH 4 per m −2 . Results suggest that the vast peat deposits in the Mississippi deltaic plain could possibly be a potential source of renewable energy if in situ method for removal of the produced methane could be developed.
On filtering and smoothing algorithms for non-linear state estimation†

This paper discusses a summary derivation of maximum a posteriori estimation for continuous and discrete non-linear systems. It is known that with Gaussian a priori statistics, the maximum a posteriori estimate is equivalent to an appropriate least squares fit. Filtering, fixed interval and fixed point smoothing algorithms for approximate non-linear estimation are obtained for the least squares eurve fit using ‘ running time ’ and ‘ fixed time ’ invariant embedding. Examples illustrating the use of the algorithms are presented.
Faculty perspectives regarding the importance and place of nontechnical competencies in veterinary medical education at five North American colleges of veterinary medicine

Objective—To explore perceptions of faculty educators regarding the importance of nontechnical competencies in veterinary graduates and the placement of nontechnical competency development in veterinary education. Design—Survey. Sample Population—All faculty members at 5 North American veterinary medical institutions. Procedures—Participants rated the importance of 14 nontechnical competencies and indicated in which phase or phases of veterinary education such competencies should be developed (ie, curriculum placement). Differences in mean ratings were statistically evaluated, as were associations between ratings or curriculum placement and respondent institution, gender, experience, and discipline. Results—Mean ratings of importance were above neutral for all competencies and were highest for ethical, critical thinking, and interpersonal and intrapersonal competencies; development of these competencies was favored in preveterinary and veterinary training. Ratings were lower for management and business co...
Diacylglycerol Kinase δ and Protein Kinase Cα Modulate Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Abundance and Degradation through Ubiquitin-specific Protease 8

Many human epithelial cancers are characterized by abnormal activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which is often caused by its excessive expression in tumor cells. The abundance of EGFR is modulated, in part, by its ubiquitination, which targets it for degradation. The components responsible for adding ubiquitin to EGFR are well characterized, but this is a reversible process, and the mechanisms that modulate the removal of ubiquitin from the EGFR are not well known. We found that de-ubiquitination of EGFR was regulated by diacylglycerol kinase δ (DGKδ), a lipid kinase that terminates diacylglycerol signaling. In DGKδ-deficient cells, ubiquitination of EGFR was enhanced, which attenuated the steady-state levels of EGFR and promoted its ligand-induced degradation. These effects were not caused by changes in the ubiquitinating apparatus, but instead were due to reduced expression of the de-ubiquitinase, ubiquitin-specific protease 8 (USP8). Depletion of protein kinase Cα (PKCα), a target of diacylglycerol, rescued the levels of USP8 and normalized EGFR degradation in DGKδ-deficient cells. Moreover, the effects of PKCα were caused by its inhibition of Akt, which stabilizes USP8. Our data indicate a novel mechanism where DGKδ and PKCα modulate the levels of ubiquitinated EGFR through Akt and USP8.
Measurement of immunoglobulins in reproductive tract fluids of bulls

Abstract Seminal, seminal vesicular, urethral and preputial fluids from bulls of two different age groups were assessed for quantitative differences in immunoglobulins. Selected markers were measured in individual samples to differentiate locally derived immunoglobulins from those present as a result of trauma or secretions from other accessory glands. Immunoglobulin levels in reproductive tract fluids from older bulls (5–6 years) were higher than those of younger bulls (3–4 years) and preputial fluids contained the highest concentration of immunoglobulins of all fluids examined. Similarities existed, however, among all fluids in the relative concentrations of immunoglobulins. IgG was generally in highest concentration, though the predominant subclass varied. A marked predominance of IgG 2 over IgG 1 occurred in preputial fluid samples of older bulls. IgA was in second highest concentration, and levels were often equal to or greater than those in serum. IgM was in low concentration and occasionally undetectable. IgG/IgA ratios did not exceed 5 in most of the reproductive fluids, whereas serum ratios were usually over 100. Proportional contents of albumin and immunoglobulin in reproductive tract fluids by comparison with those in serum indicated that substantial quantities of IgG as well as IgA were synthesized locally or derived by selective transport. Increased numbers of plasma cells in the lamina propria of the preputial and penile mucosa of older bulls were correlated with higher immunoglobulin concentrations in preputial fluid from older bulls, suggesting that differences in local synthesis were responsible.
Agonist stimulation of the serotonin1A receptor causes suppression of anoxia-induced apoptosis via mitogen-activated protein kinase in neuronal HN2-5 cells.

Previous studies have indicated that stimulation of neuronal inhibitory receptors, such as the serotonin 1A receptor (5-HT 1A -R), could cause attenuation of the activity of both N-type Ca 2+ channels and N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptors, thus resulting in protection of neurons against excitotoxicity. The purpose of this study was to investigate if the 5-HT 1A -R is also coupled to an alternative pathway that culminates in suppression of apoptosis even in cells that are deficient in Ca 2+ channels. Using a hippocampal neuron-derived cell line (HN2-5) that is Ca 2+ channel-deficient, we demonstrate here that an alternative pathway is responsible for 5-HT 1A -R-mediated protection of these cells from anoxia-triggered apoptosis, assessed by deoxynucleotidyl-transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL). The 5-HT 1A -R agonist-evoked protection was eliminated in the presence of pertussis toxin and also required phosphorylation-mediated activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), as evidenced by the elimination of the agonist-elicited rescue of neuronal cells by the MAPK kinase inhibitor PD98059 but not by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (Pl-3K) inhibitor wortmannin. Furthermore, agonist stimulation of the 5-HT 1A -R caused a 60% inhibition of anoxia-stimulated caspase 3-like activity in the HN2-5 cells, and this inhibition was abrogated by PD98059 but not by wortmannin. Although agonist stimulation of the 5-HT 1A -R caused an activation of PI-3Kγ in HN2-5 cells, out results showed that this PI-3Kγ activity was not linked to the 5-HT 1A -R-promoted regulation of caspase activity and suppression of apoptosis. Thus, in the neuronal HN2-5 cells, agonist binding to the 5-HT 1A -R results in MAPK-mediated inhibition of a caspase 3-like enzyme and a 60-70% suppression of anoxia-induced apoptosis through a Ca 2 + channel-independent pathway.
Spectroscopic determination of the distribution of Cr3+ sites in mullite ceramics

Excitation spectra and lifetime measurements were used to distinguish high-field-site (HFS) and low-field-site (LFS) Cr{sup 3+}-ion behaviors. A theoretical analysis of site distribution gives an adequate fit to the luminescent spectra. The residual content of LFS in the glass ceramic was found to depend on the extent of the heat treatment.
Self-assembled monolayer of 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane for improved adhesion between aluminum alloy substrate and polyurethane coating

A good adhesion between a polymer coating and a metal or metal alloy substrate such as Al 2024-T3 plays a critical role in corrosion protection of metal substrates. In our study, a self-assembled monolayer film of 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane was formed on Al 2024-T3 substrate by covalent bonding. The adhesion property of a self-priming polyurethane coating was evaluated by pull-off adhesion test, wet tape test and thermal cycling test. All the testing results indicate that both dry and wet adhesion properties of the polyurethane coating were improved significantly after APS treatment of Al 2024-T3 in polar solvents such as methanol and acetone. In nonpolar solvents such as hexane, the APS treatment led to inconsistent improvement or sometime decreased adhesion of polyurethane coating. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic study revealed that while a monolayer film was formed on the aluminum alloy surface after treating the substrate with APS in methanol and acetone, a multilayer film was formed on the substrate surface when the treatment was conducted in hexane. The APS monolayer film served as a covalent bond linkage between polymer coating and aluminum alloy substrates, which led to the increased adhesion property of polymer coating and corrosion resistance of the metal alloy substrate.
A new trinuclear copper complex and its reactions with plasmid DNA

Abstract A novel trinuclear copper(II) complex with a new trinucleating ligand has been synthesized and structurally characterized, and its reactivity with the plasmid pBR322 has been investigated. The ligand, L, is based on tris(2-aminoethyl)amine, in which the primary amine groups are each substituted with two 2-pyridylmethyl groups. The trinuclear complex, [Cu3(L)(NO3)2(H2O)3](NO3)4·5H2O (C42H64N16O26Cu3) crystallizes in the monoclinic P2 1 c space group with a = 19.357(5) A , b = 12.548(4) A , c = 23.765(5) A , β = 102.46°, V = 5636(2) A 3 , and Z = 4 . While the three copper(II) ions in [Cu3(L)(NO3)2(H2O)3]4+ each bind to a tridentate N3 moiety of L, the structure is unsymmetrical owing to the coordination of the ‘central’ alkylamine nitrogen to a single copper(II) ion. Furthermore, the remaining two copper(II) ions coordinate different exogenous ligands; one copper(II) ion coordinates two water molecules, while the second binds two nitrate ions. Interestingly, one nitrate coordinates in a monodentate fashion while the other binds to the same copper(II) atom in an anisobidentate geometry. The trinuclear complex, which is formulated as [Cu3II(L)(H2O)n(OH)6−n]n+ in aqueous solution, is observed to cleave the plasmid pBR322 efficiently, in the presence of hydrogen peroxide or 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA). The reaction in the presence of MPA is shown to be O2-dependent, and is not inhibited by hydroxyl radical scavengers (dimethylsulfoxide or d -mannitol), or superoxide dismutase. However, catalase completely inhibits the reaction indicating a requirement for H2O2. Cleavage of pBR322 by [Cu3II(L)(H2O)n(OH)6−n]n+ is equally efficient in the presence of H2O2 or MPA, and is comparable to that observed by the well-known footprinting reagent [Cu(op)2]2+ (op = 1,10-phenanthroline). However, the reaction of [Cu(op)2]2+ with pBR322 in the presence of MPA is much more vigorous indicating that the reaction mechanisms for the two complexes may be different. [Cu3II(L)(H2O)n(OH)6−n]n+ is also observed to cleave pBR322 in a slower process, in the absence of H2O2 or MPA, and in a pH dependent manner.
Squeezing Harder Doesn't Always Work: Continuing the Search for Consistency in Innovation Research

Organizations, like sponges, must have the capacity to absorb inputs in order to generate outputs. Researchers have developed theories of organizational absorptive capacity; researchers have also developed models of the effective generation of new products. The challenge lies in integrating the two research streams.
Securing e-business applications using smart cards

As the Internet is used increasingly as a platform for business transactions, security becomes a primary issue for Internet applications. Some applications are too sensitive for software-only security mechanisms. Higher levels of protection can be achieved with smart-card-based authentication schemes and transaction protocols. In this paper, we provide examples of typical banking applications implemented with smart cards using symmetrical (DES) and asymmetrical (RSA) cryptography. We present a pure JavaTM architecture for such applications, which is intended for use on standard Web application servers and client devices enabled for Web browsing and the Java language. It employs applets on the client side to access smart cards via the OpenCard Framework. The applets communicate with authentication servlets or application servlets on the server side and act as a mediator between the smart card and the application logic on the server.
Ultrastructure of three histologic variants of the ameloblastoma.

The ultrastructural features of a follicular ameloblastoma, a cystic ameloblastoma, and a pseudoglandular ameloblastoma are examined. Although common origin from oral epithelium is evidenced by the presence of tonofilaments and desmosomes in every specimen, variations are prominent among the different tumors. Findings which indicate that differentiation toward odontogenesis may be more advanced in this neoplasm than is generally accepted include: polarization of nuclei and mitochondria, “dark” ameloblasts, autophagolysosomes, and a juxtaepithelial component which resembles early enamel or dentinal matrix. Cells similar to mucin-secreting and eccrine elements are also present. One of the tumors contains intranuclear inclusions which resemble papovirus particles. Cyst formation in an ameloblastoma appears to result from stromal degeneration, expansion of intercellular space within epithelial islands, and breakdown of epithelial cells.
A Study of High Temperature Damage Processes Using Microradiography

Synchrotron radiation and microradiographic techniques were used to study the development of creep damage in notched tensile samples. The creep damage in these samples was recorded using microradiography. The density and distribution of creep damage was measured from the microradiographs using an image analysis system. The results from the image analysis can be compared to damage predictions from finite element models of the damage process to determine the quality of these models. Notched tensile samples of copper, iron and a low alloy steel were subjected to slow strain rate tensile tests at 500°C or 700°C. The tests were interrupted after various fractions of the creep lives had been expended. 1 mm thick longitudinal sections were then removed from the center of each sample for microradiography using electro-discharge machining. Creep damage in the copper alloy was concentrated in a fairly narrow band around the plane of minimum cross-section in the samples. This is in stark contrast to the results from iron and the low alloy steel. The creep damage in these materials developed at fairly sharp angles to the notch or crack plane. These results show that the damage process in iron and this steel is controlled by the equivalent stress while the formation of damage in copper is controlled by the maximum principal or hydrostatic stress.
Corollary discharge circuits in the primate brain

Movements are necessary to engage the world, but every movement results in sensorimotor ambiguity. Self-movements cause changes to sensory inflow as well as changes in the positions of objects relative to motor effectors (eyes and limbs). Hence the brain needs to monitor self-movements, and one way this is accomplished is by routing copies of movement commands to appropriate structures. These signals, known as corollary discharge (CD), enable compensation for sensory consequences of movement and preemptive updating of spatial representations. Such operations occur with a speed and accuracy that implies a reliance on prediction. Here we review recent CD studies and find that they arrive at a shared conclusion: CD contributes to prediction for the sake of sensorimotor harmony.
d-amphetamine3induced changes in social interaction patterns

The behavioral effects of d-amphetamine were studied in a group of stumptail macaques in a large outdoor enclosure. d-Amphetamine altered characteristic patterns of aggressive and affiliative behaviors in adult males that received the drug. Each monkey that received d-amphetamine increased its aggression toward non-adult animals in the group and decreased aggression toward adult members. In subjects for which genealogy was known, d-amphetamine increased aggression toward kin-related members of the group and decreased aggression toward non-kin monkeys. The effects of the drug on affiliative behaviors were less uniform and, therefore, less conclusive. Three subjects decreased affiliation and two increased affiliation toward non-adult monkeys. The results demonstrate that d-amphetamine can alter substantially the behavior of drug-treated members of a group and, in addition, that that drug can indirectly affect specific subsets of the group even though they did not receive the drug.
Comments on Optimization in Multiple-Objective Linear Programming Problems with Pre-Emptive Priorities

(1991). Comments on Optimization in Multiple-Objective Linear Programming Problems with Pre-Emptive Priorities. Journal of the Operational Research Society: Vol. 42, No. 6, pp. 519-519.
A Review of FSW Research on Dissimilar Metal and Alloy Systems

This review summarizes friction-stir welding (FSW) research over a period of a decade and a half, involving 18 different same materials FSW reference systems, and the FSW of 25 different, dissimilar materials systems. These are summarized in tables. The FSW of dissimilar materials systems is distinguished from same materials systems FSW by the formation of complex, intercalated vortex, and related flow patterns. These intercalated, lamellar-like patterns represent solid-state flow by dynamic recrystallization (DRX) which facilitates unrecrystallized, block flow in the DRX regime. A detailed characterization of representative systems involving optical and transmission electron microscopy is also presented. Residual microindentation hardness or other hardness measured across the weld face provides comparative performance signatures for the same material FSW systems in contrast to the dissimilar FSW systems. Hardness fluctuations or complex spikes occurring in the dissimilar systems are skewed from the weld centerline and are shifted when the tool rotation direction changes or the advancing side is reversed.
Long-run growth and volatility: which source really matters?

The aim of the article is to analyse the relationship between long-run growth and business cycle volatility. In particular, the main purpose of this article is to identify which source of volatility is most detrimental to growth. Using cross-country data from 1970 to 2000, and several indicators of volatility (such as inflation, exchange rate, government expenditure, output and investment volatility) this article shows that although, all these measures of volatility are remarkably harmful for growth, business cycle investment volatility is the main source that hampers long-run growth. This relation is robust to different measures of business cycle, and to different sub-samples of countries.
An ICF-CY-Based Content Analysis of the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales-II.

AbstractBackground The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), and its version for children and youth (ICF-CY), has been increasingly adopted as a system to describe function and disability. A content analysis of the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales-II (VABS-II) was conducted to examine congruence with the functioning and disability component of this framework.Method The 383 VABS-II items contained a total of 1,231 concepts. Established linking rules were used to map these concepts to ICF-CY codes.Results Overall the VABS-II concepts were well represented in the ICF-CY. Most of the concepts mapped to activity codes; however, about 30% of concepts were coded as body function. Most concepts represented relatively discrete activities, with more limited coverage of broader categories often included in measures of participation.Conclusions The VABS-II content maps well to the ICF-CY activity/participation codes. Although VABS-II items ask about typical performance, item requi...
Imitación e ingenio: El amar su propia muerte de Juan de Espinosa Medrano y la comedia nueva

Este articulo ofrece un comentario textual de El amar su propia muerte, comedia en tres actos de Juan de Espinosa Medrano, en relacion tanto con sus modelos dramaticos peninsulares como con sus preocupaciones particulares como intelectual peruano consciente de su posicion secundaria frente a la centralidad cultural espanola. Siguiendo las practicas de la imitatio barroca, Espinosa Medrano logro combinar los multiples convenciones y subgeneros de la comedia nueva, no solo demostrando su asimilacion totalizadora de sus modelos sino tambien poniendo en tela de juicio sus respectivas estructuras logicas. El resultado es una alegoria del ingenio quese vincula al conjunto de la obra del autor, en particular el celebrado Apologetico en favor de Gongora, en el que revindica la intelectualidad criolla. -- This article offers a close reading of Juan de Espinosa Medrano’s three-act play El amar su propia muerte in relation both to the author’s theatricalmodels in Spain and to his particular preoccupations as a Peruvian intellectual aware of his secondary position vis-a-vis Spanish cultural centrality. Following the practices of baroque imitatio, Espinosa Medrano succeeded in bringing together the multiple conventions and subgenres of the comedia nueva in such a way that he not only demonstrated a totalizing assimilation of his models but also interrogated their underlying logical structures. The result is an allegory of ingeniousness linked to the author’s overall project, made more explicit in such works has his famous Apologetico en favor de Gongora, of Creole intellectual vindication.
Residual stresses in oscillating thoracic arteries reduce circumferential stresses and stress gradients

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of residual stresses and strains in the oscillating arteries on the stress distribution in the vascular wall. We employ a static theory of large elastic deformations for orthotropic material (Chuong and Fung, 1986, J. biomech. Engng 108, 189–192) with the acceleration term added to make the theory dynamic. We use the static elastic parameters of residual stresses in our analysis because the dynamic parameters are not available in the literature. Our analysis reveals that the effect of considering the residual stresses is to decrease the very large circumferential stresses at the inner wall by 62% and reduces the stress gradient through the arterial wall by 94% compared to the case when residual stresses are ignored. Thus, because the arteries do contain residual stresses, the consequent lower stresses at the inner wall and the reduced stress gradient may reduce the progression of atheroma. Our computations show that the stress gradients do not depend on the heart rate.
Media Appropriateness: Effects of Experience on Communication Media Choice

Organizations are faced with a myriad of emerging advanced information technologies. Management may be anxious about the numerous choices while simultaneously yearning for instant realization of benefits promised by the adopted technologies. Management should also be aware that the eventual institutional use of these technologies is dependent upon the learning and training opportunities presented to individuals. Individual approval or established perceptions toward technology appropriateness are mostly idiosyncratic and contingent upon numerous factors such as task goals or prior technology experience. This paper examines the effect of learning experiences with nine communication media, based on perception changes of media appropriateness. Two hundred and ninety-five MBA students participated in a longitudinal quasi-experimental study. Results indicate that traditionally rich media such as face-to-face, group meetings, and telephone were consistently perceived to be more appropriate than emerging new media over time. However, an individual's specific experience with communication media affects perceptions of media appropriateness, and this is particularly evident in computer-based communications. In addition, changes in perception of media appropriateness were directly related to the participants' learning experience and were particularly salient with new media. Furthermore, increased use of some media was found to be associated with decreased use of other media. This study demonstrates that deliberate technology-use mediation can be an effective management mechanism to facilitate an individual's ability to gain experience in the use of new technologies. This paper also suggests that an individual's media experiences and temporal factors are two important but underemphasized factors in understanding and studying technology choice and use.
Impact of target mRNA structure on siRNA silencing efficiency: A large-scale study

The selection of active siRNAs is generally based on identifying siRNAs with certain sequence and structural properties. However, the efficiency of RNA interference has also been shown to depend on the structure of the target mRNA, primarily through studies using exogenous transcripts with well-defined secondary structures in the vicinity of the target sequence. While these studies provide a means for examining the impact of target sequence and structure independently, the predicted secondary structures for these transcripts are often not reflective of structures that form in full-length, native mRNAs where interactions can occur between relatively remote segments of the mRNAs. Here, using a combination of experimental results and analysis of a large dataset, we demonstrate that the accessibility of certain local target structures on the mRNA is an important determinant in the gene silencing ability of siRNAs. siRNAs targeting the enhanced green fluorescent protein were chosen using a minimal siRNA selection algorithm followed by classification based on the predicted minimum free energy structures of the target transcripts. Transfection into HeLa and HepG2 cells revealed that siRNAs targeting regions of the mRNA predicted to have unpaired 5'- and 3'-ends resulted in greater gene silencing than regions predicted to have other types of secondary structure. These results were confirmed by analysis of gene silencing data from previously published siRNAs, which showed that mRNA target regions unpaired at either the 5'-end or 3'-end were silenced, on average, approximately 10% more strongly than target regions unpaired in the center or primarily paired throughout. We found this effect to be independent of the structure of the siRNA guide strand. Taken together, these results suggest minimal requirements for nucleation of hybridization between the siRNA guide strand and mRNA and that both mRNA and guide strand structure should be considered when choosing candidate siRNAs.
Predictors of Offense Severity, Adjudication, Incarceration, and Repeat Referrals for Juvenile Offenders A Multicohort Replication Study

The authors examined predictors of offense severity, judicial disposition (e.g., diversion, prosecution, incarceration), and repeat offending. Data were obtained on approximately 100,000 individuals from the South Carolina Department of Juvenile Justice. Whites and females were more likely to be prosecuted than Blacks and males, particularly for less serious offenses. At first and second referrals, Blacks were more likely to be incarcerated than Whites. Youth referred before age 14 were more likely to recidivate and youth prosecuted for earlier offenses were more likely to recidivate than those not prosecuted. Father absence and special education status were also predictive of recidivism. Prosecution for first referral was predictive of earlier reoffending at all severity levels of first offense.
Monaural recall and the right-ear advantage.

Abstract Lists of eight nonsense syllables were monaurally presented to right-handed men and women for free recall, half to each ear on each trial. Results showed a right-ear advantage (REA) in the recall of recency items, but not primacy items and for males only. Among males only that subgroup without familial sinistrality demonstrated the REA. Results offer support for the following: (A) the language mechanisms involved in short-term “echoic” memory are particularly well-lateralized; (B) mechanisms underlying monaural REAs may be similar to those responsible for the asymmetries found in other paradigms; (C) processing demands and strategies inherent to the monaural technique may account in part for its limited reliability in yielding REA and for the present absence of REA among females.
Generalized buffering of PTL logic stages using Boolean division

Pass transistor logic (PTL) is a well known approach for implementing digital circuits. In order to handle larger designs, and also to ensure that the total number of series devices in the resulting circuit is bounded, partitioned reduced ordered binary decision diagrams (ROBDDs) can be used to generate the PTL circuit. The output signals of each partitioned block typically needs to be buffered. In this paper, we present a methodology to perform generalized buffering of the outputs of PTL blocks. By performing the Boolean division of each PTL block using different gates in a library, we select the gate that results in the largest reduction in the height of the PTL block. In this manner, these gates serve the function of buffering the outputs of the PTL blocks, while also reducing the height and delay of the PTL block. Over a number of examples, we demonstrate that our approach results in a 26% reduction in circuit delay and number of MUXes required, with a modest improvement in circuit area, compared to a traditional buffered PTL implementation of the circuit.
Collaborative Activity between Parietal and Dorso-Lateral Prefrontal Cortex in Dynamic Spatial Working Memory Revealed by fMRI

Functional MRI was used to determine how the constituents of the cortical network subserving dynamic spatial working memory respond to two types of increases in task complexity. Participants mentally maintained the most recent location of either one or three objects as the three objects moved discretely in either a two- or three-dimensional array. Cortical activation in the dorsolateral prefrontal (DLPFC) and the parietal cortex increased as a function of the number of object locations to be maintained and the dimensionality of the display. An analysis of the response characteristics of the individual voxels showed that a large proportion were activated only when both the variables imposed the higher level of demand. A smaller proportion were activated specifically in response to increases in task demand associated with each of the independent variables. A second experiment revealed the same effect of dimensionality in the parietal cortex when the movement of objects was signaled auditorily rather than visually, indicating that the additional representational demands induced by 3-D space are independent of input modality. The comodulation of activation in the prefrontal and parietal areas by the amount of computational demand suggests that the collaboration between areas is a basic feature underlying much of the functionality of spatial working memory.
PLGA Nanoparticle−Peptide Conjugate Effectively Targets Intercellular Cell-Adhesion Molecule-1

Targeted delivery of therapeutics possesses the potential to localize therapeutic agents to a specific tissue as a mechanism to enhance treatment efficacy and abrogate side effects. Antibodies have been used clinically as therapeutic agents and are currently being explored for targeting drug-loaded nanoparticles. Peptides such as RGD peptides are also being developed as an inexpensive and stable alternative to antibodies. In this study, cyclo(1,12)PenITDGEATDSGC (cLABL) peptide was used to target nanoparticles to human umbilical cord vascular endothelial cell (HUVEC) monolayers that have upregulated intercellular cell-adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression. The cLABL peptide has been previously demonstrated to possess high avidity for ICAM-1 receptors on the cell surface. Poly(dl-lactic-coglycolic acid) nanoparticles conjugated with polyethylene glycol and cLABL demonstrated rapid binding to HUVEC with upregulated ICAM-1, which was induced by treating cells with the proinflammatory cytokine, interferon-γ...
Legalizing the Collapse of Austria-Hungary at the Paris Peace Conference

In its final phases, World War I was a revolutionary war. When it ended, several of the belligerents, on both sides of the front lines, had been swept or were about to be swept by revolutions. Among them was the Austro-Hungarian monarchy. When the Allied Powers signed an armistice with Austria-Hungary in the Villa Giusti near Padua on November 3, 1918, the empire was in the process of dissolution. National committees, councils, and assemblies had sprung up all over the multinational Habsburg empire and declared the independence of the peoples whom they claimed to represent. Encountering little resistance from the imperial bureaucracy, they formed nuclei governments of the Successor States.
Death, Futility, and the Proleptic Power of Narrative Ending

Death and futility are among a cluster of themes that closely track discussions of life's meaning. Moreover, futility is thought to supervene on naturalistic meta-narratives because of how they will end. While the nature of naturalistic meta-narrative endings is part of the explanation for concluding that such meta-narratives are cosmically or deeply futile, this explanation is truncated. I argue that the reason the nature of the ending is thought to be normatively important is first anchored in the fact that narrative ending qua ending is thought to be normatively important. Indeed, I think futility is often thought to characterize naturalistic meta-narratives because a narrative's ending has significant proleptic power to elicit a wide range of broadly normative human responses on, possibly, emotional, aesthetic, and moral levels towards the narrative as a whole.
The teacher's job is to design learning experiences; not primarily to impart information

The primary job of the teacher is to make learning happen; that is a design task. Most of us learned most of what we know by what we did, not by what we heard or read. A corollary is that the careful designing of exercises, assignments, projects, even quizzes, makes more difference than the construction of lectures. A second corollary is that project courses that go deeply into narrow aspects of a subject seem to stick longer and deeper than approaches aiming at comprehensive coverage. How to strike a balance? I've taught a first software engineering laboratory course 22 times, and an advanced computer architecture course about ten times. Here are some techniques that work for me.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Induces Persistent Changes in Mucosal and Blood γδ T Cells despite Suppressive Therapy

γδ T cells are primarily found in the gastrointestinal mucosa and play an important role in the first line of defense against viral, bacterial, and fungal pathogens. We sought to examine the impact of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection on mucosal as well as peripheral blood γδ T-cell populations. Our results demonstrate that HIV-1 infection is associated with significant expansion of Vδ1 and contraction of Vδ2 cell populations in both the mucosa and peripheral blood. Such changes were observed during acute HIV-1 infection and persisted throughout the chronic phase, without apparent reversion after treatment with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Despite an increase in the expression of CCR9 and CD103 mucosal homing receptors on peripheral blood γδ T cells in infected individuals, mucosal and peripheral blood γδ T cells appeared to be distinct populations, as reflected by distinct CDR3 length polymorphisms and sequences in the two compartments. Although the underlying mechanism responsible for triggering the expansion of Vδ1 γδ T cells remains unknown, HIV-1 infection appears to have a dramatic impact on γδ T cells, which could have important implications for HIV-1 pathogenesis.