cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Reconfigurable surface plasmon polariton wave adapter designed by transformation optics

In this paper, we propose a reconfigurable surface plasmon polariton (SPP) wave adapter designed by transformation optics, which can control the propagation of SPP waves on un-even surfaces. The proposed plasmonic device is constructed using homogeneously tunable materials (e.g. liquid crystals) so that the corresponding SPP wave transmission can be reconfigured by applying different voltages. Additionally, modified designs optimized for practical fabrication parameters are investigated. Their performance is verified by full-wave simulations. The proposed devices will pave the way towards developing tunable plasmonic devices.
Twin-Jet Shielding

For an over-the-wing/under-the-wing engine configuration on an airplane, the noise produced by the upper jet flow is partially reflected by the lower jet. An analysis has been performed which can be used to predict the distribution of perceived noise levels along the ground plane at take-off for an airplane which is designed to take advantage of the over/under shielding concept. Typical contours of PNL, the shielding benefit in the shadow zone, and the EPNL values at 3.5 nautical miles from brake release as well as EPNL values at sideline at 0.35 nautical miles have been calculated. This has been done for a range of flow parameters characteristic of engines producing inverted velocity profile jets suitable for use in a supersonic cruise vehicle. Reductions up to 6.0 EPNdB in community noise levels can be realized when the over engines are operated at higher thrust and the lower engines simultaneously operated with reduced thrust keeping the total thrust constant.
Clinical trials: curing a critical deficiency in metabolic medicine

The treatment of rare disorders is often driven by experience and expert opinion rather than formal clinical trials because of the significant barriers in place to conducting traditional random, placebo controlled, national studies. Dr. Doug Kerr graphically illustrates these problems in the treatment of inborn errors of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation as reviewed elsewhere in this issue. New models and additional funding for studying the ultra rare diseases that are the purview of metabolic medicine are desperately needed to move the field forward in an evidence-based fashion. In this commentary, the challenges associated with conducting clinical trials in ultra-rare disorders are discussed and potential solutions suggested.
Childhood and the representation of the history of Stalinism in Russian cinema of the transition period

ABSTRACTWhy do significant transition-era films set in the Stalin era feature childhood and how does the theme shape representations of the history of Stalinism? This article takes a layered approach to these questions. Focusing on Repentance, My Friend Ivan Lapshin, The Inner Circle, The Thief and Khrustalev, My Car!, it examines the cultural and political context in which the films were produced, their generic foundations and shared narrative structures. These structures include the use of children to frame the history of the Stalin years, the depiction of childhood under Stalin as distinctly unhappy, a focus on the relationship between fathers and children, and the association of Stalinism with anti-paternalism. Readings of Russian criticism provide a context for understanding how the theme of childhood provides the history of Stalin's rule with a contemporary meaning. Images of an unhappy childhood under Stalin unpack and naturalize older Soviet mythologies of a happy childhood, while in turn mytholog...
A fuzzy inferential approach for the diagnosis of defects in electronics assembly

In this paper, a fuzzy inference approach to the diagnosis of defects in surface mount assembly of PCBs was described. Most trouble shooting or problem solving tasks including diagnosis of defects in electronics assembly are typically characterized by inexact or incomplete knowledge. Fuzzy approaches can be applied to build inference mechanisms which are different from the traditional expert system approach. >
High coulomb lightning duty on distribution MOV blocks

Distribution arrester ZnO MOV blocks were tested with high coulomb one-half sine wave surge currents. Of the 180 tested, 156 were tested in circuits which delivered greater than 0.6 C. All these blocks were evaluated using the ANSI 20-shot 250/2mS LCLD test. A statistic based upon the ability to survive this test was used to evaluate the MOV block durability. This statistic predicts at about the 99% confidence level that there is only a 1% probability that the block will fail to pass the 20 shot 250/2mS LCLD test after discharging three 0.54 C lightning surges (independent of current level between 1 kA and 60 kA). Only one 0.54 C surge would be expected in 43 years in areas of North America where the discharge frequency is calculated to be 0.5. Well made ZnO MOV blocks have capability well in excess of this in that the statistic was developed for three repeated shots. >
Approaches for development of criterion-referenced standards in health-related youth fitness tests.

Youth fitness testing in theU.S. has a rich history of over 50 years. Key developments and changes include the development of the American Alliance for Health, Physical Education and Recreation (AAHPER) Youth Fitness Test, the birth of the healthrelated fitness construct, and changes in evaluation and awards. The transitions from performance-related fitness to health-related fitness and from norm-referenced standards to criterion-referenced (CR) standards are noteworthy since they influenced how fitness is assessed and interpreted. The current paper reviews historical trends in fitness testing and explains the advantages of a CR framework. Methods used for establishing CR standards are described, providing a background for the subsequent articles in this supplement to the American Journal of Preventive Medicine.
A target-constrained interference-minimized filter for subpixel target detection in hyperspectral imagery

Due to significantly improved high spatial and spectral resolution hyperspectral sensors can now uncover many material substances which cannot be resolved by multispectral sensors. However, this also comes at a price that many unknown and unidentified signal sources, referred to as interferers may also be extracted unexpectedly. Such interferers generally introduce additional noise effects on target detection and its factor must be taken into account. The problem associated with this interference is challenging because interference is generally unknown in nature and cannot be identified from an image scene. This paper presents a target-onstrained interference-minimized filter (TCIMF) which does not require to identify interferers, but can minimize the effects caused by interference. In addition, the TCIMF also separates undesired targets from the desired targets so that the TCIMF can eliminate undesired targets while detecting the desired targets and minimizing interfering effects. Most attractively, these three operations can be carried out by a single process in real time implementation.
THE ABIOTIC ACTION OF ULTRA-VIOLET LIGHT

Typhoid bacilli are about one two-hundredth as sensitive to ultraviolet light of wave-lengths 2100 to 2800 Angstrom units as is the photographic plate. This sensitivity then falls off, decreasing rapidly to almost zero sensitivity at about 2970, the beginning of the sun's spectrum.
Interaction of Viruses with Cell Surface Receptors

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the interaction of viruses with cell surface receptors. The rigorous characterizations of receptor–ligand interactions have been derived from binding studies of radiolabeled ligands in neuropharmacology and endocrinology. The definition of viral recognition sites as receptors involves three major criteria that are derived from models of ligand–receptor interactions: saturability, specificity, and competition. A variety of approaches have been used to study the interaction of viral particles with cell surface receptors or reception sites. A rigorous study of viral–receptor interactions requires the use of more than one technique as different approaches provide complementary information about viral binding. The chapter discusses membrane components that interact with viruses. The identification of the subviral components that are responsible for the binding of viruses to cell surfaces has preceded the structural understanding of the cellular receptors themselves. The chapter summarizes current data concerning the viral attachment protein (VAP) of selected viruses.
A search for presolar organic matter in meteorite

The D/H ratios and the ^(13)C/^(12)C ratios of acid-insoluble organic matter of 4 meteorites, Ochansk (H4), Plainview (H5), Gladstone (H6) and Odessa (IA), were measured, δD values for hydrogen extracted by stepwise combustion were negative, down to −280‰. δ^(13)C values were also negative except in the case of the carbon coming off at the highest temperature steps for Plainview and Odessa meteorites. The concentrations of ^(13)C-rich carbon were 3-5 orders of magnitude smaller than those found in Murchison meteorite, suggesting that relic grains of stellar condensates were mostly destroyed in the meteorites examined.
Infections in Patients with Chronic Adult T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma: Case Report and Review

Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) is caused by the human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I). ATLL is classified into the smoldering, chronic, lymphoma, and acute subtypes. We describe a North American woman with chronic ATLL who presented with pneumonia caused by Pneumocystis carinii, Cryptococcus neoformans, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and Mycobacterium avium complex. Although opportunistic infections have been documented in patients with ATLL, there are few case reports detailing infectious complications in patients with chronic ATLL.
Highly CO2-Soluble Chelating Agents for Supercritical Extraction and Recovery of Heavy Metals

Carbon dioxide is an attractive organic solvent in today’s chemical process environment in that it is non-flammable, inexpensive, and exhibits low toxicity. Further, materials solubilized in carbon dioxide are easily and completely recovered/concentrated from solution via a simple pressure quench. Despite these favorable properties, CO2 is non-polar, and as such is a very poor solvent for materials such as conventional metal chelating agents, thus blocking application of carbon dioxide in metal extraction/recovery. Consequently, we are exploring the molecular design of materials which are highly CO2-philic, that is, they exhibit solubilities in carbon dioxide which are significantly greater than alkanes with the same number of main-chain atoms. By functionalizing chelating moieties with CO2-philic oligomers, we have generated materials which both effectively extract metals from solid matrices and which dissolve in carbon dioxide in significant quantities.
Kranz Anatomy and the C4 Pathway

C4 photosynthesis incorporates novel leaf anatomy, metabolic specialisations and modified gene expression. C4 plants typically possess a distinctive Kranz leaf anatomy consisting of two photosynthetic cell types. These are bundle sheath (BS) cells that surround the vascular centres, and mesophyll (M) cells that, in turn, surround the BS cells. A more rare form uses compartmentalisation of dimorphic chloroplasts within a single cell type. In C4 leaves, these structural frameworks functionally separate two sets of carboxylation and decarboxylation reactions. Selective expression of key photosynthesis genes in BS and M cells leads to specific accumulation of key photosynthetic enzymes which catalyse different sets of cell-type-specific reactions, enabling these plants to assimilate atmospheric CO2 with very high efficiency. For some plants, C4 photosynthesis has facilitated their adaptation to arid conditions, high temperatures and marginal environments. Understanding the basis of this pathway has applications for improvements in agricultural productivity and alternative fuel development. Key Concepts C4 photosynthesis is a carbon concentration mechanism used by some plants to improve the efficiency of photosynthetic carbon fixation. C4 photosynthesis incorporates modified leaf morphology, separation of carboxylation and decarboxylation/refixation steps of carbon assimilation, and specialised patterns of cell-type-specific gene expression. The leaves of most C4 plants possess a Kranz-type anatomy consisting of bundle sheath and mesophyll cells. A more rare form of this pathway, called single-cell C4, uses partitioning of dimorphic chloroplasts to separate different sets of reactions within a single leaf cell type. In C4 leaves, Rubisco is localised only within internalised bundle sheath cells, or internalised chloroplasts, to protect from atmospheric O2 and limit the oxygenase activity of this enzyme. The initial carbon assimilation enzyme in these leaves is PEPCase, which incorporates CO2 but not O2. Reactions of C4 pathway work as a pump to concentrate CO2 in the vicinity of the internalised Rubisco enzyme. These reduce or eliminate photorespiration, thereby enhancing photosynthetic efficiency. C4 plants are more efficient than C3 plants under arid conditions, including high temperatures and water stress. C4 plants show increased efficiency of water and nitrogen use, allowing them to outcompete C3 plants in marginal environments. Bioengineering of C4 characteristics into C3 species has the potential to improve photosynthetic efficiency in crop plants used for food and biofuel. Keywords: photosynthesis; carbon fixation; leaf anatomy; bundle sheath cells; mesophyll cells; photorespiration, evolution; environmental adaptability; cytology; C4 variations; C4 enzymes; gene regulation; biotechnology
Classification-accuracy monitored backpropagation

For IC diagnostic purposes, the classification accuracy of training patterns (CAT) and the classification accuracy of unseen patterns (CAU) can be used as a measure of feedforward neural network (FFN) performance. To maximize FFN generalization performance, a CAU monitored back-propagation (BP) training technique is investigated and compared with the conventional minimum mean squared error criterion. To prevent over-training, an extra set of untrained data is used to monitor the generalization accuracy of the FFN. Using this technique, the trained FFN is optimized for generalization. The experiment has shown that the CAU monitored BP training algorithm improved the FFN classifier generalization accuracy compared to the minimum mean squared error criterion. >
A novel low-profile frequency-independent inverted-hat antenna for UWB application

We introduced a new low-profile UWB monopole antenna to achieve overhorizon operation from low VHF frequencies up to 2 GHz. The curvature profile of proposed Inverted-Hat Antenna is logarithmically related to the distance from the feed point, and thus results in a frequency-independent performance. The eleven-ellipse IHA is the most frequency-independent design. Other outer surface growth profiles were also considered to find the optimal impedance performance for the specified antenna size requirements. Specifically, a modified elevenellipse IHA was found more attractive at lower frequencies and was fabricated for design validation. The calculated and measured gain and impedance were in a good agreement. Overall, it was found that the IHA is an excellent candidate for future UWB communication with ground vehicles or small aircrafts.
Altered Elm Resistance to Smaller European Elm Bark Beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) and Forest Tent Caterpillar (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae)

N-ethylmaleimide in paraffin oil as a stem band and an inoculated heat-killed microbial suspension each altered Siberian and American elms regarding preference for herbivory by the forest tent caterpillar, Malacosoma disstria Hubner, and for cortical feeding by the smaller European elm bark beetle, Scolytus multistriatus Marsham. Such alteration was affected by the time after treatment, sample height in the plant, and the N-ethylmaleimide concentration.
An affective model of interplay between emotions and learning: reengineering educational pedagogy-building a learning companion

There is an interplay, between emotions and learning, but this interaction is far more complex than previous theories have articulated. The article proffers a novel model by which to: 1). regard the interplay of emotions upon learning for, 2). the larger practical aim of crafting computer-based models that will recognize a learner's affective state and respond appropriately to it, so that learning will proceed at an optimal pace.
Dietary Fiber and C-Reactive Protein: Findings from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Data

A higher intake of dietary fiber may decrease the risk of developing cardiovascular disease. We examined the association between dietary fiber and serum concentration of C-reactive protein (CRP), a possible predictor of cardiovascular events, using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2000. Among 3920 participants > or = 20 y old, dietary fiber intake was inversely associated with serum CRP concentration. The odds ratio (OR) for increased CRP concentration (>3.0 mg/L) was 0.49 (95% CI 0.37-0.65; P for trend < 0.001) for the highest quintile of fiber intake compared with the lowest. Adjustment for age, gender, race, education, smoking, physical activity, BMI, total energy, and fat intake resulted in a slight attenuation (OR 0.59; CI 0.41-0.85; P for trend = 0.006). Excluding participants with cardiovascular conditions, diabetes, or cancer did not alter the results. Our findings indicate that fiber intake is independently associated with serum CRP concentration and support the recommendation of a diet with a high fiber content.
Integrating your information security vulnerability management capabilities through industry standards (CVE&OVAL)

There are important changes to the cyber-security industry, being fostered by the Common Vulnerability Exposures (CVE/spl reg/) and Open Vulnerability Assessment Language (OVAL/spl trade/) Initiatives, a pair of international, community-based effort amongst industry, government, and academia. These changes will transform the way your enterprise deals with vulnerabilities in the commercial and open source components of your enterprise infrastructure and mission systems. With approximately 150 organizations working to support the CVE standard in more than 250 cyber-security products and services, CVE is quickly becoming an organizing mechanism that can make enterprise management of information security vulnerabilities less of a labor intensive art and more of an engineered practice. The OVAL effort builds upon CVE to create a means for making vulnerability alerts more applicable to individual enterprises. OVAL is aimed to provide the means for standardized vulnerability assessment and result in consistent and reproducible information assurance metrics for systems.
In vitro studies on the effect of dialysis solutions on peritoneal leukocytes

Within the limitations of the various experimental protocols there appears to be agreement in the literature that unused dialysis fluids, at least when studied in vitro, adversely affect multiple leukocyte functions. The effects of dialysis fluids on leukocytes that have been reported to date include: 1. Decreased cell viability of PMNs, PM phis, PBMCs, and lymphocytes; 2. Inhibited phagocytosis and bacterial killing of various microorganisms by PM phis, PMNs, and peripheral blood leukocytes; 3. Reduced secretion of leukotrienes (LTB4, LTC4) from peritoneal and peripheral blood PMNs and PBMCs; 4. Reduced secretion of prostaglandins (PGE2, TXB2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha) from PM phi; 5. Decreased production of many cytokines including TNF alpha, IL-8, and IL-6 in PM phis and PBMCs. In addition, several studies targeting the potential mechanisms by which dialysis solutions inhibit leukocyte function identified the initial low pH of the fluids in combination with their lactate content as being of primary relevance, since they may lead to a rapid intracellular acidification of leukocytes. Moreover, some studies indicated the importance of fluid hyperosmolarity and excessive glucose concentrations. These results are indirectly supported by recent in vitro investigations of alternative fluids, which showed improved leukocyte function following exposure to solutions with neutral pH, bicarbonate buffer instead of lactate, or normal osmolarity due to use of an alternative osmotic agent (e.g., glucose polymer). In conclusion, the evidence obtained during in vitro experimentation suggests that current dialysis fluids are, indeed, not biocompatible. However, whether this also bears physiological relevance in vivo remains to be established in controlled clinical trials comparing conventional fluids to alternative solutions with improved biocompatibility. With regard to the future development of in vitro models for biocompatibility assessment, the following guidelines are suggested: 1. Cell functional parameters should be studied in more than one cell population; 2. Depending on which fluid aspect is under investigation, short or even very short exposure times should be used (e.g., < 30 min for pH/buffer studies; < 4 hours for osmolality/osmotic agent studies); 3. In case the parameter/readout of interest requires longer study periods than indicated above (e.g., studies of cytokine induction or surface receptor expression), preincubation/recovery models should be preferred over coincubation experiments.
Integrating water resources and power generation: the energy-water nexus in Illinois

Abstract Thermoelectric power plants contribute 90% of the electricity generated in the United States. Steam condensation in the power generation cycle creates a need for cooling, often accomplished using large amounts of water. These large water requirements can lead to negative consequences of power plants dialing down or shutting down during times of low water availability. Consequently, water constraints can translate into energy constraints. Projected future population growth and changing climate conditions might also increase the competition for water in many areas, motivating a resource accounting analysis to both establish a baseline of current water requirements and simulate possible impacts from future water and energy management decisions. Our analysis of the current water demands for power generation, focused on the state of Illinois, combined existing digital spatial datasets with engineering basic principles to synthesize a geographic information systems (GIS) model of current and projected water demand for thermoelectric power plants. We evaluated two potential future cases based on water use implications: (1) a shift in fuel from coal to natural gas, and (2) a shift in cooling technology from open-loop to closed-loop cooling. Our results show that a shift from coal-generated to natural gas-generated electricity could decrease statewide water consumption by 0.10 billion m3/yr (32% decrease) and withdrawal by 7.9 billion m3/yr (37% decrease), on average. A shift from open-loop to closed-loop cooling technologies could decrease withdrawals by an average of 21 billion m3/yr (96% decrease), with the tradeoff of increasing statewide water consumption for power generation by 0.18 billion m3/yr (58% increase). Furthermore, we performed an economic analysis of retrofitting open-loop cooling systems to closed-loop cooling, revealing an annual cost between $0.58 and $1.3 billion to retrofit the 22 open-loop cooling plants considered, translating to an effective water price between $0.03 and $0.06/m3. The synergies and tradeoffs between water resources and power generation yield interesting implications for integrated decision making and policy in Illinois and elsewhere.
Improving Pediatric Adverse Drug Event Reporting through Clinical Pharmacy Services

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to summarize adverse drug event (ADE) reporting and to characterize the type of healthcare practitioners involved in reporting over a 10-year period at a 120-bed university-affiliated children's hospital. METHODS The University of Virginia Children's Hospital ADE database was analyzed for records involving pediatric patients. Data from patients <18 years of age who were admitted to the University of Virginia Children's Hospital between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2009, were analyzed. Data collected included drug name and therapeutic class of the suspected causative agent, description of the event, severity, causality, outcome, and the type of healthcare practitioner reporting the event. RESULTS A total of 863 ADEs were reported over the 10-year period. The 5 most common types reported were extravasation injury (10%), rash (8%), hypotension (5%), pruritus (5%), and renal failure (3%). A total of 196 (21%) cases were categorized as mild, 436 (47%) cases as m...
Do you D.A.RE. take the USMLEs?: the stages an IMG (International Medical Graduate) goes through while taking the "Steps": my experience.

When we graduate from our medical school we only have one dream, to be able one day to change a patient’s life for the better. And in order to do so, we hope to get research opportunities and advance our knowledge and skills in up-to-date medical institutions. We dream to become practicing physicians in the USA, where most of the innovations in the medical field take place. The first step towards that goal is to have our medical school credentials from our home country verified by the ECFMG (Educational Committee for Foreign Medical Graduates) and pass a series of exams called USMLEs (United States Medical Licensing Examinations), exams that American medical students take as well. Only after passing these exams we become eligible to apply for our residency. Preparing for the ‘‘Steps’’ of the USMLE is a unique experience. It can get frustrating, exhausting, anxiety-provoking but the end (the successful end that is) is so satisfying. It is a magical journey in the way that gets us back through all the phases we went through during medical school. And even though we would never admit it, those years will always have a special place in our hearts.
Teaching Note Analyzing Families in Cultural Context: A Teaching Tool

This teaching note describes the author's experience with a multidimensional tool designed to facilitate student learning about family assessment within a cultural context. Using their own families as the system of analysis, students engaged in data gathering and organizing, interpretation, and presentation of a multi - generational family. The author links this tool to 2008 Educational Policy and Accreditation Standards practice behaviors; highlights and discusses family maps and a family cultural poem, “I Am From,” as the central components of this teaching tool; and provides recommendations for its use. Students’ “I Am From” poems are included as illustrations.
Relaxation Models for Normal Stresses in Turbulent Shear Flows

In the simplest turbulence closures, the Reynolds stresses are an explicit tensor function of the velocity gradient: $$\tau = \tau\left( {\nabla U,\nabla {U^T}} \right)$$ (1) where τ is the stress, defined by τ ij = − and ∇U is the mean velocity gradient. Scalar descriptors of the turbulence are understood to appear in any particular example of Eq. (1) Kolmogorov’s theory[1] suggests that two scalars suffice; they are usually taken to be the turbulent kinetic energy K and the dissipation rate e. The simplest case of Eq. (1) is the eddy viscosity formula $$\tau = - \frac{2}{3}KI + {v_T}S$$ (2) where the strain rate tensor S = ∇U + ∇U T and the turbulent viscosity is $${v_T} = {C_v}\frac{{{K^2}}}{\varepsilon }$$ (3) with C v an empirical, but presumably universal constant. Nonlinear generalizations of Eq. (2), in which τ depends also on quadratic quantities S∇U + ∇U T S and S∇U T + ∇US have also been proposed.[2],[3],[4]. Such models can describe normal stress effects in simple shear flows in which ∂U i /∂x j = Sδ i1δ j2; Eq. (2) incorrectly predicts that the normal stresses are equal in this case.
Independent Review of Elemental Phosphorus Remediation at the Eastern Michaud Flats FMC Operable Unit near Pocatello, Idaho

If, despite risks to workers and these potential impacts, stakeholders decide that P4 wastes need to be excavated and treated, the Review Team determined that a number of the ETTs examined warrant further consideration for the treatment of P4 waste that has been characterized (for example, P4 waste present in the historical ponds). Nevertheless, concerns about the health and safety of site investigation workers using then-available investigation approaches prevented the collection of subsurface samples containing P4 from large areas of the site (e.g., the railroad swale, the vadose zone beneath the Furnace Building, and the abandoned railcars), As a result, the contaminant CSM in those particular areas was not refined enough to allow the Review Team to draw conclusions about using some of the ETTs to treat P4 waste in those areas. The readiness of an ETT for implementation varies depending on many factors, including stakeholder input, permitting, and remedial action construction requirements. Technologies that could be ready for use in the near term (within 1 year) include the following: mechanical excavation, containment technologies, off-site incineration, and drying and mechanical mixing under a tent structure. Technologies that could be ready for use in the mid-term (1 to 2 years) includemore » cutter suction dredging, thermal-hydraulic dredging, and underground pipeline cleaning technologies. Technologies requiring a longer lead time (2 to 5 years) include on-site incineration, a land disposal restriction waste treatment system, an Albright & Wilson batch mud still, post-treatment on-site disposal, and post-treatment off-site disposal.« less
What do "interpersonally sensitive" supervisors do and how do supervisees experience a relational approach to supervision?

AbstractObjective: In two investigations, we identified explicitly relational supervision strategies and examined whether use of these strategies was associated with perceptions of the supervisory alliance and evaluations of the supervisor. Method: First, ratings by nine supervision researchers identified five clearly relational in-session strategies (focus on countertransference, exploration of feelings, attend to parallel process, focus on the therapeutic process, focus on the supervisory alliance) in the Critical Events model of supervision. Based on these expert ratings, we created and assessed the Relational Behavior Scale (RBS). Results: Analyses with two samples of supervisees at all levels of training supported the measure's reliability and factorial validity. The RBS's validity was further indicated by its unique association with the “interpersonally sensitive” style of supervision. In both studies, supervisees perceived more frequent use of relational behavior on the part of psychoanalytic/psych...
Firearm Access and Risk of Suicide.

In their Viewpoint on gun possession and suicide risk, Dr Swanson and colleagues1 offered a commonsense approach to suicide prevention by limiting access to firearms during times of heightened risk. Their research and policy framework seeks to transcend divisive political debates in favor of assessing and mitigating specific periods of vulnerability. However, I am concerned by the authors’ suggestion that involuntary psychiatric holds, short of formal involuntary commitment, should be reportable to the National Instant Criminal Background Check System (NICS)... Language: en
Increased Risk of Insect Injury to Corn Following Rye Cover Crop

Decreased pest pressure is sometimes associated with more diverse agroecosystems, including the addition of a rye cover crop (Secale cereale L.). However, not all pests respond similarly to greater vegetational diversity. Polyphagous pests, such as true armyworm (Mythimna unipuncta Haworth), black cutworm (Agrotis ipsilon Hufnagel), and common stalk borer (Papaipema nebris Guenee), whose host range includes rye have the potential to cause injury to crops following a rye cover crop. The objectives of this study were to compare the abundance of early-season insect pests and injury to corn (Zea mays L.) from fields with and without a rye cover crop on commercial farms. Fields were sampled weekly to quantify adult and larval pests and feeding injury to corn plants from mid-April until corn reached V8 stage, during 2014 and 2015. Measurements within fields were collected along transects that extended perpendicularly from field edges into the interior of cornfields. Adult true armyworm and adult black cutworm were captured around all cornfields, but most lepidopteran larvae captured within cornfields were true armyworm and common stalk borer. Cornfields with a rye cover crop had significantly greater abundance of true armyworm and greater proportion of injured corn. Both true armyworm abundance and feeding injury were significantly greater in the interior of cornfields with rye. Common stalk borer abundance did not differ between cornfields with or without rye cover. Farmers planting corn following a rye cover crop should be aware of the potential for increased presence of true armyworm and for greater injury to corn.
Flame stabilization analysis of a premixed reacting jet in vitiated crossflow

Abstract The flame stabilization behavior of a premixed ethylene–air jet injected normal to a hot vitiated crossflow (JICF) was studied experimentally using simultaneous hydroxyl (OH) planar laser induced fluorescence (PLIF), formaldehyde (CH 2 O) PLIF, and particle image velocimetry (PIV). Pixel-by-pixel multiplication of OH and CH 2 O fluorescence signals was conducted to estimate the reacting JICF flame front. The simultaneous PLIF-PIV measurements allowed for an in-depth study of the interaction between the flame and the flowfield. The flame structure was divided into two branches, a windward and leeward flame branch. The unsteady windward flame exhibited both attached and lifted flame behavior, while the leeward flame branch remained consistently attached at the jet exit. In some cases, formaldehyde signal was observed upstream of the windward flame base, suggesting the build-up of a radical pool due to mixing between the jet reactants and hot crossflow. Both flame branches were anchored in the jet shear layer, but with increasing distance from the jet exit the flames moved inside the shear layers. Small scale vortices caused local wrinkling of the flame front. The windward flame was observed to wrap around the large-scale vortices that formed along the jet shear layer. The large-scale structures distorted the flame front but the associated strain-rate was typically lower than that imparted by the small-scale structures. The leeward flame edge aligned with regions of high principal extensive strain-rate and high dilatation. On the other hand, the windward flame edge was located in regions where principal extensive and principal compressive strain rate magnitudes were high and dilatation was low. The results suggest that auto-ignition is the dominant flame stabilization mechanism for the unsteady windward flame and premixed flame propagation is the more dominant stabilization mechanism for the leeward flame branch.
Identification of Reversible Disruption of the Human Blood-Brain Barrier Following Acute Ischemia.

Background and Purpose— Animal models of acute cerebral ischemia have demonstrated that diffuse blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption can be reversible after early reperfusion. However, irreversible, focal BBB disruption in humans is associated with hemorrhagic transformation in patients receiving intravenous thrombolytic therapy. The goal of this study was to use a magnetic resonance imaging biomarker of BBB permeability to differentiate these 2 forms of BBB disruption. Methods— Acute stroke patients imaged with magnetic resonance imaging before, 2 hours after, and 24 hours after treatment with intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator were included. The average BBB permeability of the acute ischemic region before and 2 hours after treatment was calculated using a T2* perfusion-weighted source images. Change in average permeability was compared with percent reperfusion using linear regression. Focal regions of maximal BBB permeability from the pretreatment magnetic resonance imaging were compared with the occurrence of parenchymal hematoma (PH) formation on the 24-hour magnetic resonance imaging scan using logistic regression. Results— Signals indicating reversible BBB permeability were detected in 18/36 patients. Change in average BBB permeability correlated inversely with percent reperfusion ( P =0.006), indicating that early reperfusion is associated with decreased BBB permeability, whereas sustained ischemia is associated with increased BBB disruption. Focal regions of maximal BBB permeability were significantly associated with subsequent formation of PH ( P =0.013). Conclusions— This study demonstrates that diffuse, mild BBB disruption in the acutely ischemic human brain is reversible with reperfusion. This study also confirms prior findings that focal severe BBB disruption confers an increased risk of hemorrhagic transformation in patients treated with intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator.
Bubbles generate unexpected stresses

Modern medicine is taking greater and greater advantage of the diverse capabilities of ultrasound. High-intensity ultra-sound in particular is a promising technique for treating various medical conditions, but we still do not fully understand how the ultrasound induces physical changes in body tissue. Some ingenious experiments by Guy Delacretaz and colleagues at Ecole Polytechnique Federale Lausanne in Switzerland, and Northwestern University in Illinois, US, have provided important new insights into the problem (Appl. Phys. Lett. 1997 70 3510). They have studied the effect of ultrasound in a tissue-like gel, and have found some surprising results.
What Users Don't Expect about Exploratory Data Analysis on Approximate Query Processing Systems

Pangloss implements "Optimistic Visualization", a method that gives analysts confidence to use approximate results for exploratory data analysis. In this paper, we outline how analysts' experience with an approximate visualization system did not match their intuitions. These observations have implications for the design of future data exploration systems that expose uncertainty. We also describe requirements for approximate query engines to enable the next generation of exploratory visualization systems.
Exploring citizens' support for policy tools at the food, energy, water nexus

The food, energy, and water (FEW) nexus is attracting the attention of scholars throughout the fields of engineering, biological sciences, and public policy, among others. However, one important piece missing from the research is an understanding of the types of FEW-related policies citizens support and the factors that drive public support for those policies. As reported in this article, data from a nationally representative survey of the adult U.S. population show that the public's support for different policy tools varies. To understand more about the public's preferences, we use a series of analytic techniques including factor analysis and factor score regressions to test possible explanations for these preferences. We find that citizens' knowledge about FEW nexus issues increases their support of policies for managing food, energy, water resources; broad concern for the environment also increases support. The public's preferences are also influenced by political ideology, political party identification, and education. These results contribute to an understanding of the public's potential willingness to embrace the role government can play in addressing FEW nexus issues. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2017
Incident-Driven Machine Translation and Name Tagging for Low-resource Languages

We describe novel approaches to tackling the problem of natural language processing for low-resource languages. The approaches are embodied in systems for name tagging and machine translation (MT) that we constructed to participate in the NIST LoReHLT evaluation in 2016. Our methods include universal tools, rapid resource and knowledge acquisition, rapid language projection, and joint methods for MT and name tagging.
Generations Later, Retelling the Story

As the half-century anniversaries begin, study of the Second Wave is in vogue in both print and visual media as it has never been before. In this chapter, Sara M. Evans reflects on some of the ways the story is being told now, the power of iconic representations, and new questions arising from the experience of new generations. Addressing many of the myths and generalizations about the movement, Evans counters the oversimplification of the Second-Wave feminists as uniformly white, middle class, selfish, and anti-sex. This characterization, Evans argues, misses the role of minorities, the poor, and other feminist perspectives on sexuality that were a growing part of the Second-Wave feminist movement. Thus, as opposed to seeing themselves as a continuation of the Second Wave, many Third-Wave feminists saw themselves as a completely new “rupture with the past.” Evans then reviews more recent historical work, some of which takes a broad international view, while others explore a narrower context and examine the history of feminists and feminism within a particular community. These studies clearly show the multiracial, international, multiclass, and selfless actions of many feminists and feminist groups. Rather than being a monolithic American movement of white middle-class women, led by only a few visible leaders, the women’s movement continues to be a patchwork of groups, many not even aware of one another, and many who disagree with one another on various topics, but all working together for improving some aspect of women’s lives. Ultimately, Evans insists that viewing the women’s movement in “waves” that seem to begin and end at specific points in time obscures the fight that many Second-, Third-, and multiple-wave feminists continue to wage.
Strength of Flanged and Plain Cruciform Members

There are two different types of cruciform members used in practice. Flanged cruciform sections are typically fabricated from two hot-rolled WT sections welded to the web of a standard hot-rolled I section, whereas plain cruciform sections are typically fabricated from two symmetric rectangular plates welded in the form of a cross. Cruciform members that are subjected to combined compression and bending are typically limited by torsional buckling unlike conventional compression members (such as W-shapes) that are typically limited by flexural (Euler) buckling about their local weak axis of bending. Detailed guidance on the analysis of flanged and plain cruciform members is scarce in literature. Hence, this paper presents numerical studies on the strength capacities of both flanged and plain cruciform members that are subjected to combined compression and bending effects. Analysis results show the ability of flanged and plain cruciform to resist lateral-torsional buckling over longer unbraced lengths, allowing development of efficient plastic resistance.
Antisense: A Key Tool for Cell and Developmental Studies in Dictyostelium

The combination of antisense technology with the ability to manipulate the simple eukaryote Dictyostelium has permitted cell biologists to answer fundamental questions such as “What is the function of myosin in a non-muscle cell?”. The answers have been in many cases surprising and unexpected.
Spark Sensing: A Cloud Computing Framework to Unfold Processing Efficiencies for Large and Multiscale Remotely Sensed Data, with Examples on Landsat 8 and MODIS Data

Inquiry using data from remote Earth-observing platforms often confronts a straightforward but particularly thorny problem: huge amounts of data, in ever-replenishing supplies, are available to support inquiry, but scientists’ agility in converting data into actionable information often struggles to keep pace with rapidly incoming streams of data that amass in expanding archival silos. Abstraction of those data is a convenient response, and many studies informed purely by remotely sensed data are by necessity limited to a small study area with a relatively few scenes of imagery, or they rely on larger mosaics of images at low resolution. As a result, it is often challenging to thread explanations across scales from the local to the global, even though doing so is often critical to the science under pursuit. Here, a solution is proposed, by exploiting Apache Spark, to implement parallel, in-memory image processing with ability to rapidly classify large volumes of multiscale remotely sensed images and to perform necessary analysis to detect changes on the time series. It shows that processing on three different scales of Landsat 8 data (up to ~107.4 GB, five-scene, time series image sets) can be accomplished in 1018 seconds on local cloud environment. Applying the same framework with slight parameter adjustments, it processed same coverage MODIS data in 54 seconds on commercial cloud platform. Theoretically, the proposed scheme can handle all forms of remote sensing imagery commonly used in the Earth and environmental sciences, requiring only minor adjustments in parameterization of the computing jobs to adjust to the data. The authors suggest that the “Spark sensing” approach could provide the flexibility, extensibility, and accessibility necessary to keep inquiry in the Earth and environmental sciences at pace with developments in data provision.
A normative database of hip and knee joint biomechanics during dynamic tasks using anatomical regression prediction methods.

Abstract Many methodologies exist to predict the hip joint center (HJC), of which regression based on anatomical landmarks appear most common. Despite the fact that predicted HJC locations vary depending upon chosen method, inter-study comparisons and inferences about populations are commonly made. The purpose of this study was to create a normative database of hip and knee biomechanics during walking, running, and single leg landings based on five commonly utilized HJC methods to serve as a reference for inter-study comparisons. Secondarily, we devised to provide comparisons of peak knee angles and hip angles, moments, and powers from the five HJC methods. Thirty healthy young adults performed walking, running, and single leg landing tasks at self-selected speeds (walking/running) and at 90% of their maximum jump height (landing). Three-dimensional motion capture and ground reaction forces were collected during all tasks. Five different HJC prediction methods: Bell, Davis, Hara, Harrington, and Greater Trochanter were implemented separately in a 6 degree of freedom model. Predicted HJC locations, direct kinematics, and inverse dynamics were computed for all tasks. Predicted HJC mediolateral, anteroposterior, and superior-inferior locations differed between methods by an average of 1.3, 2.9, and 1.4 cm, respectively. A database was created using the mean of all subjects for all five methods. In addition, one-way ANOVAs were used to compare triplanar peak angles, moments, and powers between the methods. The database of hip and knee biomechanics illustrates (1) variability between methods increases with more dynamic tasks (running/landing vs. walking) and (2) frontal and transverse plane hip and knee biomechanics are more variable between methods. Comparisons between methods found 38 and 16 main effect differences in hip and knee biomechanics, respectively. The Greater Trochanter method provided the most differences compared with other methods, while the Davis method provided the least differences. The database constructed provides an important reference for inter-study comparisons and details the impact of anatomical regression methods for predicting the HJC.