cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Processing of Logic

In this chapter, we will focus on methods and systems for automated deduction in first-order predicate logic. Automated deduction (or theorem proving with computer support) concerns the mechanization of deductive reasoning within a formal system. Of particular interest for us are methods for handling first-order predicate logic. Throughout this book we will refer to such an automatic system as an automated theorem prover (ATP). Already 1960, programs for automated theorem proving have been implemented [Gilmore, 1960; Wang, 1960; Prawitz et al.,1960]. Since then, a large variety of automated theorem provers based on numerous proof methods have been developed. For the history of automated theorem proving and the most prominent milestones see, e.g., [Kelly, 1997], p. 84–86, or [Furbach, 1998] for tableaux calculi; for a history of logic in general see, e.g., [Kneale and Kneale, 1984].
The Pivotal Role of Pediatric Psychology in Chronic Pain: Opportunities for Informing and Promoting New Research and Intervention in a Shifting Healthcare Landscape

In the context of new efforts to formulate more comprehensive diagnostic and treatment processes for chronic pain conditions, this review aims to provide an overview of some of the most salient developments in the diagnosis and clinical treatment of pediatric chronic pain and to delineate the current and future role of clinical pediatric psychologists in these efforts. The acceptance and promotion of the multidisciplinary approach to pediatric pain management has had an especially significant impact on the field of pediatric psychology. Though chronic pain was historically conceptualized as a biomedical problem, psychology is increasingly viewed as a routine, integral, and component part of treatment. With this evolving biopsychosocial paradigm, pediatric psychology is poised to help shape the development of this field, contributing to emerging conceptual and diagnostic frameworks via consultation, research, clinical care, and education. This review discusses the role of pediatric psychologists as collaborators in emerging diagnostic and assessment frameworks, leaders in pain-related research, drivers of clinical care, and educators for providers, patients, and the lay public. With increased opportunities to enhance the conceptualization and treatment of pediatric pain, pediatric psychologists have an important role to play in reducing the prevalence and persistence of pediatric pain.
Multimodal approach for cognitive task performance prediction from body postures, facial expressions and EEG signal

Recent developments in computer vision and the emergence of wearable sensors have opened opportunities for the development of advanced and sophisticated techniques to enable multi-modal user assessment and personalized training which is important in educational, industrial training and rehabilitation applications. They have also paved way for the use of assistive robots to accurately assess human cognitive and physical skills. Assessment and training cannot be generalized as the requirement varies for every person and for every application. The ability of the system to adapt to the individual's needs and performance is essential for its effectiveness. In this paper, the focus is on task performance prediction which is an important parameter to consider for personalization. Several research works focus on how to predict task performance based on physiological and behavioral data. In this work, we follow a multi-modal approach where the system collects information from different modalities to predict performance based on (a) User's emotional state recognized from facial expressions(Behavioral data), (b) User's emotional state from body postures(Behavioral data) (c) task performance from EEG signals (Physiological data) while the person performs a robot-based cognitive task. This multi-modal approach of combining physiological data and behavioral data produces the highest accuracy of 87.5 percent, which outperforms the accuracy of prediction extracted from any single modality. In particular, this approach is useful in finding associations between facial expressions, body postures and brain signals while a person performs a cognitive task.
Handling bounded and unbounded unsafe sets in Control Lyapunov-Barrier function-based model predictive control of nonlinear processes

Abstract Control Lyapunov-Barrier function (CLBF) has been used to design controllers for nonlinear systems subject to input constraints to ensure closed-loop stability and process operational safety simultaneously. In this work, we developed Control Lyapunov-Barrier functions for two types of unsafe regions (i.e., bounded and unbounded sets) to solve the problem of stabilization of nonlinear systems with guaranteed process operational safety. Specifically, in the presence of a bounded unsafe region embedded within the closed-loop system stability region, the CLBF-MPC is developed by incorporating CLBF-based constraints and discontinuous control actions at potential stationary points (except the origin) to guarantee the convergence to the origin (i.e., closed-loop stability) and the avoidance of unsafe region (i.e., process operational safety). In the case of unbounded unsafe sets, closed-loop stability with safety is readily guaranteed under the CLBF-MPC since the origin is the unique stationary point in state-space. The application of the proposed CLBF-MPC method is demonstrated through a chemical process example with a bounded and an unbounded unsafe region, respectively.
Relational Data Bases

There are three main models of commercially available data base management systems (DBMSs): the relational, the network or CODASYL, and the hierarchical. Relational DBMSs are the easiest for the user to learn because the model has just files of records, sometimes called relations; thus, the description of the data is the simplest. The data manipulation commands are also simple. A popular way to visualize a file of records or a relation is as a table with the attribute names as table headings and the record instances as horizontal rows on the table. Before one begins to use a relational DBMS, one should normalize one's data as much as possible and reasonable. Any DBMSs should have facilities for storing, modifying, deleting, and retrieving record instances. A DBMS should also have facilities for entering files made elsewhere—sometimes called importing utilities. It should also allow queries to the schema; that is, one should be able to ask for names of files, names of record fields, and types of record fields.
The Illusion of Influence: On Foucault, Nietzsche, and a Fundamental Misunderstanding

We often say that Foucault was influenced by Nietzsche or, more simply, that Foucault was Nietzschean. That is a gross misunderstanding that fundamentally distorts our reading of Foucault’s writings and, worse, does violence to the critical method. Foucault was no more Nietzschean than he was “mad” because he studied madness or “neoliberal” because he studied Gary Becker’s economic writings. Instead, Foucault took Nietzsche’s discourse as an object of study—in a similar way that he took the discourse of madness, of the prison, and of sexuality as objects of study throughout his intellectual lifetime. Writings of Nietzsche became, at various times, an epistemological, linguistic, alethurgic, or political object of study for Foucault in furtherance of his political-philosophic projects. This has crucial implications for the critical method. What we do with texts and ideas, as critical theorists and practitioners, is not to follow or apply them, but to interpret, test, and deploy them in pursuit of our own political projects. We often refer to “Nietzsche” or “Foucault,” but they do not exist and those terms do not have coherent meanings. Those terms are shorthand for their various written traces, often internally contradictory. It may be that we typically anthropomorphize philosophers, books, or their oeuvre; but that is just human weakness, not a critical method. The only way to do justice to our critical task of writing, theorizing, and, more importantly, engaging in critical praxis, is precisely to put these critical texts to work in furtherance of our own political project.
Templatic morphology through syntactic selection: Valency-changing extensions in Kinyarwanda

The existence of both morphological templates (Hyman 2003) and Mirror Principle (Baker 1985) compliant behaviour in the same language presents an interesting case of grammatical principles at odds. The two principles sometimes predict opposite orderings for the surface form of valency-changing derivational morphology in Bantu languages. In Kinyarwanda, this tension is unresolved, leading to certain forms being unavailable, rather than favouring one principle over the other. Independently available periphrastic forms are used to convey the problematic meanings. This paper presents an alternative to syntactic movement or Optimality Theoretic analyses for templatic morphology that have been proposed in the literature. It argues that syntactic selection by heads can better derive the facts of Kinyarwanda. Independent syntactic properties of the heads that underlie the derivational morphology suggest a particular set of selectional properties for these heads in Kinyarwanda, independent of the data showing their ordering. An analysis based on syntactic selection is sufficient to account both for the orders of the morphemes and their syntactic properties. This result suggests, in line with recent work, that syntactic selection is an alternative mechanism by which seemingly templatic behaviour in the morphology can be realised (Pylkkanen 2008; Harley 2013; Jung 2014).
Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Perceptions and Career Preference: Participation in a National Medical Student Conference Improves Outcomes.

Abstract Objective Since 2002, the Klingenstein Third Generation Foundation (KTGF) has supported a network of medical schools across the country with the explicit aim of enhancing interest in, and eventual recruitment into the field of child and adolescent psychiatry (CAP). An active component of the KTGF network has been its annual National Medical Student Conference (NMSC). Method The Thirteenth Annual NMSC, supported by the KTGF, was held at Stanford University on February 8 and 9, 2019. We designed a 17-item survey with five underlying themes (balance, finances, patients, systems, and stigma), intended to quantify students’ perceptions of the field of CAP. We also rated students’ prospective career choices. Surveys were electronically collected at baseline, after the NMSC, and 90 days later. Results Our baseline sample consisted of 79 students (57% women) from 14 medical schools. We found improvements over time in overall perceptions of child psychiatry (F2,206=7.5, p Conclusion An intensive, 2-day conference entirely dedicated to CAP content had salutary effects among medical students in improving their perceptions about the field, and in their reported likelihood of pursuing CAP after graduation.
Actin-packed topography: Cytoskeletal response to curvature

In recent years, it has become increasingly apparent that the material characteristics of a cell’s environment are an important aspect of cell functions, whether they are in the context of developmental biology (1, 2) or implantable devices (3, 4). While the importance of this is well known, the specific ways in which nanoscale topographical cues influence cell mechanical function have, until now, been mostly understood phenomenologically, or with respect to other processes such as endocytosis (5). To better understand these influences, Lou et al. (6) perform a careful investigation of cytoskeletal responses to nanoscale surface protrusions (Fig. 1). They accomplish this by designing slabs with surface decorations of nanopillars or nanobars (5). By systematically varying the radius of curvature in each case, they are able to elucidate a pathway that describes how the cytoskeletal protein actin accumulates and ultimately forms branching structures in response to the membrane curvature induced by the protrusions. Fig. 1. F-actin formation around high-curvature nanostructures. Cells interact with their local mechanical environments in a number of ways, most of which are mediated by the actin cytoskeleton (7). The cytoskeleton governs cell shape and motility, as well as the generation, transmission, and transduction of mechanical forces. The essential components are filamentous actin (F-actin), which forms the structural basis for the cytoskeleton, and myosin, which acts as a motor along actin filaments. An immense variety of other proteins act in concert with actin and myosin to control and functionalize the cytoskeleton. For instance, different actin structures can emerge from different nucleating proteins—assembly mediated by formin proteins promotes elongated filaments, while the Arp2/3 complex induces branched actin structures (7), typically found … [↵][1]1To whom correspondence may be addressed. Email: btian{at}uchicago.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Job Satisfaction, Work Engagement, and Turnover Intention of CTE Health Science Teachers.

Context: The healthcare profession is one of the largest growing occupations in the United States. Yet, there is a shortage of healthcare professionals and the situation is further compounded by insufficient instructors to prepare individuals to provide safe and quality care. A number of teachers leave the profession within 3 to 5 years of work in the classroom. It is important to ensure that teachers are satisfied and engaged at work because of the positive impact these job attitudes contribute to performance. Considering the importance of Career and Technical Education (CTE) health science teachers to the health sector, there is need to examine teacher job satisfaction and work engagement and the impact this may have on turnover intention. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationships between job satisfaction, work engagement, and turnover intention of CTE health science teachers in the United States (US).Approach: In this study, hierarchical multiple regression was used to analyze a total of 249 responses from CTE health science teachers in the State of Texas in the US.Findings: The results showed positive correlations between job satisfaction and work engagement. Additionally, job satisfaction and work engagement were negatively correlated with turnover intention. The finding also indicated that work engagement did not moderate the relationship between job satisfaction and turnover intention.Conclusions: This study builds on the work of previous researchers by further supporting the links between job satisfaction, work engagement, and turnover intention specifically in the context of teachers in CTE health science. Leaders in academic settings play a role in ensuring that strategies are in place to satisfy and engage teachers as practical ways to reduce turnover intention. In particular, administrative leaders should recognize teachers’ contributions, provide development opportunities, and promote challenging responsibilities and autonomy within the classroom. It is critical to have adequate and qualified teachers to prepare individuals to deliver safe and quality healthcare.
An evaluation of baricitinib as a therapeutic option for adult patients with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis.

Moderate-to-severe AD burdens a large proportion of AD patients and may represent an inadequacy of treatment options available for resistant disease.This review provides an overview of the therapie...
Unwind and Relax: DDX3X RNA Helicase as a Critical Mediator of Cortical Neurogenesis.

In this issue of Neuron, Lennox et al. (2020) report the largest cohort of patients to date with DDX3X syndrome, discovering unique genotype-phenotype relationships that inform molecular pathogenesis. They then uncover unique roles of DDX3X in cortical neuron development and ribonucleoprotein granule formation.
Silence Localization

We present a novel algorithm for non-invasive localization of regions of "silence" in the brain. "Silences" are sources in the brain without any electrical activity due to the ischemic conditions or lesions in stroke, traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) and hemorrhages. We aim to turn the widely used electroencephalography (EEG) systems into silence detectors. Our algorithm, in a nutshell, estimates the silence region by determining the contribution of each source (dipole) in the recorded signals and detects the sources with a reduced contribution as silences in the brain. In simulations on real-head MRI models, our algorithm detects different sizes of silent regions, ranging from the smallest ones (single-source silence) to the large ones, and it reduces bias by a factor of ~4 over classical source localization algorithms such as multiple signal classification approach (MUSIC) and minimum norm estimation (MNE), appropriately modified for recovering silences.
Poverty and Food Insecurity Predict Mealtime Structure: Mediating Pathways of Parent Disciplinary Practices and Depressive Symptoms.

Structured, well-organized mealtime routines can provide physical and mental health benefits for children. Poverty and food insecurity (FI) are risk factors for less effective mealtime routines. However, the specific mechanisms by which these social factors may negatively impact mealtime structure are not well-understood. We test whether poverty and FI are associated with parenting factors (mental health and parent disciplinary practices), and whether parenting factors in turn associate with less mealtime structure. Low-income families (N = 270), recruited when children were 6-years-old (wave 1), were followed for 2 years (wave 2). Poverty, FI, and parenting factors were assessed at W1 via parent-report. Associations of poverty and FI with two measures of mealtime structure (parent-reported and observed mealtime structure at wave 1 and wave 2), mediated by parent factors (depressive symptoms, lax and overreactive parent disciplinary practices) were assessed in separate path analyses. The association between higher depth of poverty and less mealtime structure in early childhood was mediated by greater parent depressive symptoms. FI was associated with less mealtime structure in early childhood, mediated by overreactive parenting, and with less mealtime structure in early and mid-childhood, mediated by lax parenting. Poverty and food insecurity may contribute to suboptimal parent disciplinary practices and poor parent mental health, which may reduce mealtime structure for children. Addressing parent mental health and parent disciplinary practices in the context of poverty and FI, accounting for the role of public nutrition assistance programs, may be one way in which interventions can improve mealtime structure for low-income families.
A Probabilistic and Anisotropic Failure Metric for Ascending Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm Risk Stratification

Abstract Experimental studies have shown that aortic wall tensile strengths in circumferential and longitudinal directions are different (i.e., anisotropic), and vary significantly among patients with aortic aneurysm. To assess aneurysm rupture and dissection risk, material failure metric of the aortic wall needs to be accurately defined and determined. Previously such risk assessment methods have largely relied on deterministic or isotropic failure metric. In this study, we develop a novel probabilistic and anisotropic failure metric for risk stratification of ascending thoracic aortic aneurysm (ATAA). To this end, uniaxial tensile tests were performed using aortic tissue samples of 84 ATAA patients, from which a joint probability distribution of the anisotropic wall strengths was obtained. Next, the anisotropic failure probability (FP) based on the Tsai−Hill (TH) failure criterion was derived. The novel FP metric, which incorporates uncertainty in the anisotropic failure properties, can be evaluated after the aortic wall stresses are computed from patient-specific biomechanical analysis. For method validation, “ground-truth” risks of additional 41 ATAA patients were numerically-reconstructed using corresponding CT images and tissue testing data. Performance of different risk stratification methods (e.g., with and without patient-specific hyperelastic properties) was compared using p-value and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The results show that: (1) the probabilistic FP metric outperforms the deterministic TH metric; and (2) patient-specific hyperelastic properties can help to improve the performance of probabilistic FP metric in ATAA risk stratification.
Asthma-Related Emergency Department Visits in North Carolina Following Hurricane Irene.

OBJECTIVE Previous research suggests that people with asthma may experience a worsening of symptoms following hurricanes due to changes in environmental exposures, discontinuity in chronic disease management, and stress. The objective of this study was to estimate changes in asthma-related emergency department (ED) visits in North Carolina following Hurricane Irene, which made landfall in August 2011. METHODS Changes in asthma-related ED visits in September to December of 2010 and 2011 were examined using data from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project State Emergency Department and Inpatient Databases. A Poisson generalized linear model was used to estimate the association between Federal Emergency Management Agency disaster declarations following Hurricane Irene and county-level asthma-related ED visits controlling for month, year, and county. RESULTS Following Hurricane Irene, disaster declarations were made for 38 of 100 counties in North Carolina. In September 2010, the rate of asthma-related ED visits for North Carolina was 6 per 10,000 person-months. In September 2011, rates of asthma-related ED visits were similar in counties with and without disaster declarations (7 and 5 per 10,000 person-months, respectively). When adjusting for covariates, there was little or no difference in the rate of asthma ED visits before and after the hurricane between counties with and without a disaster declaration (rate ratio {RR} [95% confidence interval {CI}] = 1.02[0.97, 1.08]). CONCLUSIONS Although risk factors for asthma exacerbations increase following hurricanes, these results found little evidence of an increase in asthma-related ED visits in North Carolina following Hurricane Irene.
Primary Familial Brain Calcification (P2.1-020)

Objective: To indicate the possible identification of a new gene implicated in an inherited disorder in which other genes have been identified. To draw attention to a rare disease that has a common set of presenting symptoms. Background: Primary familial brain calcification (PFBC), also known as Bilateral Striopallidodenate Calcinosis (BSPDC), is a rare neurological disorder specifically characterized by bilateral basal ganglia calcific deposits. Calcifications may be more extensive, involving other regions of brain including cortex, thalami, hippocampi, subcortical white matter and cerebellum. The disease is often attributed to genetic mutations involving a phosphate transporter. Currently, four gene mutations inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern have been identified in BSPDC, accounting for less than 60% of cases. Clinical neuropsychiatric and extra-pyramidal manifestations variously include memory loss, aggression, depression, poor impulse control, suicidal ideation, tremors, movement disorders, dystonia, dyskinesia, as well as seizures. Mainstay of treatment consists of symptomatic management using medication. We now present two male siblings (ages 29 and 34) who manifest variable typical signs and symptoms as described above. Metabolic derangements have not been found. Brain CT and MRI scans showed very extensive calcifications in similar regions. A third male sibling reportedly died at age 10 from “seizures.” One sister is unaffected. Using Next Generation Sequencing we analyzed the four genes identified in Primary Familial Brain Calcification; no variations were identified. This opens the possibility of uncovering a fifth genetic variation. Whole exome sequencing is being pursued. This report draws attention to a rare disease with a common set of presenting symptoms. Design/Methods: N/A Results: N/A Conclusions: N/A Disclosure: Dr. Radaideh has nothing to disclose. Dr. Akintola has nothing to disclose. Dr. Maccabee has nothing to disclose.
Highlights and Conclusions

On July 6, 1990, workers’ compensation reached its 106th birthday. Despite many inherent problems, criticisms, and proposals to eliminate workers’ compensation as a separate program, in most nations this no-fault approach to compensating employees for work accidents and injuries has been able to preserve its identity and importance.
Political discourse on social networking sites: Sentiment, in-group/out-group orientation and rationality

The news feeds of two U.S. politicians' Facebook sites were examined across 22 months leading up to an election in order to explore changes in social-network-mediated public political discourse over time. Changes over time were observed in who was being addressed and in the affective valence of comments. A complex flow of attention between in-group and out-group concerns was observed, with in-group comments dominant both in early and late phases. Also, positive comments decreased and negative comments increased over time. These phenomena, dubbed "reflection-to-selection" and "converging sentiment", were refined to explain the observed nonlinearities. The flow of rational versus affective comments in politicians' Facebook data across time was also explored. Comments reflecting cognition were more prevalent at all times than comments reflecting affect, but their distribution also varied in complex ways over time. Finally, the concept of "potential public sphere" in contrast to "realized public sphere" in virtual spaces is introduced.
Implications of Adult Students' Experience for Teaching Economics

Adult students usually bring real-world experience and learning to their academic studies. Some of this learning often includes understanding and knowledge related to activities or concepts that have economic content. Instructors in economics classes with adult students can build on this experiential learning to design learning activities that enhance adult students' engagement and understanding of economic principles and issues.
Persistence of the 8;21 translocation in patients with acute myeloid leukemia type M2 in long-term remission

The translocation between chromosomes 8 and 21, t(8;21) (q22;q22), is the most frequent abnormality in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with French-American-British type M2 (FAB-M2) morphology. The breakpoints in this translocation have been characterized at the molecular level, and the genes involved are AML1 on chromosome 21 and ETO on chromosome 8. The rearrangement of the two chromosomes results in a fusion gene and in the production of a consistent fusion transcript on the der(8) chromosome. We have used oligonucleotide primers derived from both sides of the fusion cDNA junction and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to analyze six AML-M2 patients with a t(8;21) during various stages of their disease. Two patients studied at diagnosis and one studied at first relapse are alive off therapy and in continuous complete remission for 83 to 94 months. We have detected the AML/ETO fusion transcript in recent peripheral blood samples from each of them. Three other patients also had a fusion transcript detected after 1 to 4 months in remission. Two of these patients subsequently relapsed and died whereas the third patient is alive and in continuous complete remission 70 months later. Thus, our preliminary data suggest that cells with the translocation are still circulating in t(8;21) patients in long-term remission. This finding raises serious questions regarding the interpretation of positive results obtained only with this technique that may not be suitable to decide appropriate further treatment for patients in clinical remission.
Mo-independent nitrogenase 3 is advantageous for diazotrophic growth of Azotobacter vinelandii on solid medium containing molybdenum.

Competition experiments between wild-type Azotobacter vinelandii and a mutant lacking Mo-independent nitrogenase 3 indicate that nitrogenase 3 provides an advantage during diazotrophic growth on agar media containing 100 to 500 nM Na2MoO4 but not in liquid media under the same conditions. Expression of nitrogenase 3 in wild-type cells growing on agar surfaces was verified with an anfH-lacZ fusion and by detection of nitrogenase 3 subunits. These results show that nitrogenase 3 is important for diazotrophic growth on agar medium at molybdenum concentrations that are not limiting for Mo-dependent diazotrophic growth in liquid medium. Images
Risk of prostate cancer in African-American men: Evidence of mixed effects of dietary quercetin by serum vitamin D status

Background African American (AA) men experience higher rates of prostate cancer (PCa) and vitamin D (vitD) deficiency than white men. VitD is promoted for PCa prevention, but there is conflicting data on the association between vitD and PCa. We examined the association between serum vitD and dietary quercetin and their interaction with PCa risk in AA men.
Rapid reductive-carboxylation of secondary amines. One pot synthesis of tertiary N-methylated amines

Various tertiary N-methylated amines were synthesized by using a new reductive-carboxylation approach. Secondary amines, on carboxylation with carbon dioxide under moderate reaction conditions, afforded their corresponding carbamate esters, which, on in situ lithium aluminum hydride reduction, gave desired tertiary N-methylated amines in high yield.
Electronic textbooks that transform how textbooks are used

Purpose – This paper's goals are to motivate the design of an electronic textbook that seeks to transform how textbooks are used inside and outside the classroom. In particular, it seeks to show that merely creating an electronic form of an existing paper textbook is not a sufficiently motivating condition for instructors and students to move from paper to electronic textbooks, and doing so misses much of the opportunities presented by electronic media to enhance learning from textbooks.Design/methodology/approach – An electronic textbook application running on Microsoft's TabletPC operating system was implemented and used as the primary text in three offerings of an Introductory Computer Science course, with one section used as a control group. Student learning was assessed via course examinations and overall grades, and student perceptions and use of the textbook were assessed via surveys.Findings – No significant differences in student learning or textbook usage were observed between students using the...
Extension of the associated solution model to ternary metal-sulfur melts: NiCoS at 1,273 K

Abstract The associated solution model recently applied to four binary metal-sulfur melts, Fe S, Ni S, Co S and Cu S, is extended to ternary metal-sulfur melts from those of the binary liquids. The proposed equations are used to predict the thermodynamic properties of Ni Co S melts at 1,273 K. Using these data and other necessary thermodynamic data, an isothermal section of Ni Co S at 1,273 K is calculated. The calculated liquid + (Ni,Co) phase boundaries agree well with the experimental data.
Spectrophotometric Assay for Hypochlorite/Hypochlorous Acid Using Tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine

A simple spectrophotometric method for quantitative determination of hypochlorite (OCl−) or hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is described. The OCl−or HOCl sample is first incubated with an excess amount of tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP). The concentration of the residual TCEP is then measured as the amount of 2-nitro-5-thiobenzoate produced after reaction with 5,5′-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid). The concentration of OCl−or HOCl is equivalent to the amount of decrease in the concentration of TCEP because one molecule of TCEP is rapidly and irreversibly oxidized to TCEP oxide by one molecule of OCl−or HOCl. This method is more sensitive and convenient than the standard procedure of NaOCl assay which involves reaction with potassium iodide followed by titration of the liberated triiodide with thiosulfate.
Immunosuppressive therapies for inflammatory bowel disease.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is comprised of Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, both chronic inflammatory intestinal disorders of unknown etiology characterized by a waxing and waning clinical course. For many years, the drug therapy was limited to sulfasalazine and related aminosalicylates, corticosteroids and antibiotics. Studies suggesting that the pathophysiology of these disorders relates to a disregulated, over-active immune response to indigenous bacteria have led to the increasing importance of immunosuppressive drugs for the therapy of IBD. This review details the mechanisms of action, clinical efficacy, and adverse effects of these agents.
Improvements in cognition following hospital discharge of community dwelling seniors.

Background Seniors frequently struggle during the transition home following an acute hospitalization resulting in frequent rehospitalizations. Studies consistently show a lack of comprehension of discharge instructions.
The Human Decorin Gene: Intron-Exon Organization, Discovery of Two Alternatively Spliced Exons in the 5′ Untranslated Region, and Mapping of the Gene to Chromosome 12q23

Decorin is a chondroitin/dermatan sulfate proteoglycan expressed by most vascular and avascular connective tissues and, because of its ability to interact with collagen and growth factors, has been implicated in the control of matrix assembly and cellular growth. To understand the molecular mechanisms involved in regulating its tissue expression, we have isolated a number of genomic clones encoding the complete decorin gene. The human decorin gene spans over 38 kb of continuous DNA sequence and contains eight exons and very large introns, two of which are 5.4 and > 13.2 kb. We have discovered two alternatively spliced leader exons, exons Ia and Ib, in the 5[prime] untranslated region. These exons were identified by cloning and sequencing cDNAs obtained by polymerase chain reaction amplification of a fibroblast cDNA library. Using Northern blotting or reverse transcriptase PCR, we detected the two leader exons in a variety of mRNAs isolated from human cell lines and tissues. Interestingly, sequences highly (74-87%) homologous to exons Ia and lb are found in the 5[prime]untranslated region of avian and bovine decorin, respectively. This high degree of conservation among species suggests regulatory functions for these leader exons. In the 3' untranslated region there are several polyadenylation sites, andmore » at least two of these sites could give rise to the transcripts of [approx]1.6 and [approx]1.9 kb, typically detected in a variety of tissues and cells. Using a genomic clone as the labeled probe and in situ hybridization of human metaphase chromosomes, we have mapped the decorin gene to the discrete region of human chromosome 12q23. This sturdy provides the molecular basis for discerning the transcriptional control of the decorin gene and offers the opportunity to investigate genetic disorders linked to this important human gene. 57 refs., 11 figs., 3 tabs.« less
Ab initio studies of the electronic structure of UF6, UF6/+/, and UF6/-/ using relativistic effective core potentials

The paper presents ab initio calculations performed on the electronic states of UF6, UF6(+), and UF6(-) using a relativistic effective core potential (ECP) for uranium and a nonrelativistic ECP for fluorine. In most of the calculations 56 valence electrons are treated explicitly using a contracted (3s 3p 2d 2f/2s2p) Gaussian basis. It is noted that various ECP's were explored, but all yield an overall charge density of U(+2.4)/F(-0.4)/6. In addition, the bonding in the ground state of UF6 is discussed. SCF and CI calculations on UF6(+) are compared with the experimental photoelectron spectrum and with previous scattered wave calculations. Further, the role of spin-orbit coupling in the states of UF6(+) and UF6(-) is covered. Finally, it is concluded that the calculated electron affinity of UF6 (7.1 eV) is considerably larger than in current experimental estimates, but the relative energies of the states of UF6(-) are in agreement (0.1-0.2 eV) with those of the experiment.
Infrared photoluminescence of intrinsic InSb

Abstract Infrared photoluminescence has been used to characterize the narrow gap III–V semiconductor, InSb. The results presented include the effects of sample temperature 5–20 K and of the pump laser power on the luminescence spectrum near 230 meV. These results allowed assignment of the three peaks observed in the spectrum to band-to-band emission, to band-to-impurity emission, and to acceptor-bound excitons. The spectra were obtained with a Fourier transform spectrometer employing both conventional and double modulation techniques to remove the effects of the considerable thermal background radiation.
Conserved herpesvirus protein kinases

Conserved herpesviral protein kinases (CHPKs) are a group of enzymes conserved throughout all subfamilies of Herpesviridae. Members of this group are serine/threonine protein kinases that are likely to play a conserved role in viral infection by interacting with common host cellular and viral factors; however, along with a conserved role, individual kinases may have unique functions in the context of viral infection in such a way that they are only partially replaceable even by close homologues. Recent studies demonstrated that CHPKs are crucial for viral infection and suggested their involvement in regulation of numerous processes at various infection steps (primary infection, nuclear egress, tegumentation), although the mechanisms of this regulation remain unknown. Notwithstanding, recent advances in discovery of new CHPK targets, and studies of CHPK knockout phenotypes have raised their attractiveness as targets for antiviral therapy. A number of compounds have been shown to inhibit the activity of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV)-encoded UL97 protein kinase and exhibit a pronounced antiviral effect, although the same compounds are inactive against Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-encoded protein kinase BGLF4, illustrating the fact that low homology between the members of this group complicates development of compounds targeting the whole group, and suggesting that individualized, structure-based inhibitor design will be more effective. Determination of CHPK structures will greatly facilitate this task.
Gastric emptying of beer in Mexican-Americans compared with non-hispanic whites

Abstract Gastric emptying studies were performed on 11 nondiabetic Mexican-Americans and 11 nondiabetic non-Hispanic whites following ingestion of 450 mL beer. Plasma glucose, serum insulin, and serum alcohol levels were measured in the fasting state and at 7, 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes following ingestion of the beer. The area under the gastric emptying curve was significantly larger for non-Hispanic whites compared with Mexican-Americans ( P = .0492), indicating that Mexican-Americans had faster stomach emptying. Partial correlation coefficients (adjusted for ethnicity, gender, age, and body mass index [BMI]) showed the gastric half-emptying time was inversely related to the incremental levels of glucose ( r = −.709, P = .0010) and alcohol ( r = −.650, P = .0035). The faster the rate of gastric emptying of beer, the higher the glucose and alcohol levels. There were no significant correlations between insulin and the rate of gastric emptying. The caloric emptying rate for the beer was much more rapid than previously reported for other liquid meals.
Temperature dependence of yield stress in fe-1.67 at. pct Cu and fe-0.5 at. pct Au

A supersaturated solid solution of 1.67 at. pct Cu in Fe has a lower temperature dependence of the yield stress (prestrained 0.2 pct at 368°K) than pure iron over the temperature range 77° to 298°K. No change in temperature dependence is observed on aging to form copper clusters (1 hr at 475°C) but after precipitation of e the temperature dependence is the same as in pure iron. The activation volume at 77°K is unaffected by treatment in the alloy and the amount of deformation. The value is essentially the same as in iron. It was suggested that copper clusters present after aging 1 hr as well as dissolved copper assist formation of double kinks at 77°K reducing the stress required to surmount the Peierls barrier. Addition of 0.5 at. pct Au also reduced the temperature dependence of iron.
Abstract 3499: Funding innovative technologies for cancer research at the National Cancer Institute

Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA In the fall of 2013, the National Cancer Institute re-launched the Innovative Molecular Analysis Technologies (IMAT) program, committing up to $10.5 million through unique funding mechanisms (3 year R21s and R33s) to better support investigators through both the early and advanced stages of technology development over traditional funding mechanisms for exploratory research. The IMAT program has supported the development of various analytical and sample processing platforms that have made substantial contributions across the cancer research continuum, and the process of winning an award remains highly competitive. A variety of IMAT-supported research projects will be highlighted to demonstrate the variety and high level of innovation evident in the IMAT portfolio of supported research. An emphasis will be placed on recently completed projects so that investigators interested in next generation tools may become aware of possible developments through NCI-funded projects for their research. In addition, trends from recently awarded projects will be described to provide insight for potential applicants on the nature of the program and the competition. Potential projects of interest and identified technology gaps will also be discussed. The IMAT program continues to represent a unique resource for highly innovative technology development. Citation Format: Anthony Dickherber. Funding innovative technologies for cancer research at the National Cancer Institute. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3499. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3499
Predictors of Intention to Take Precautions Against AIDS Among Black College Students1

This research explored the relationship between behavioral intentions to engage in AIDS-risky sexual practices and a variety of variables that are theoretically and/or popularly assumed to be important factors in AIDS prevention. These variables included beliefs and knowledge about AIDS, fear of AIDS, perceived vulnerability of self and others, as well as probability that self and others on one's campus would contract AIDS, perceived efficacy to control exposure to AIDS, self-esteem, general locus of control, and past behavioral reaction to the threat of AIDS. General intention to “do something to protect oneself against AIDS,” and specific behavioral intention to use condoms in vaginal sex were measured and considered as possible proxies for future behavior. Data were collected from 124 black respondents in a southeastern university. In a series of multiple regression analyses, each of these measures of behavioral intentions was “predicted” from the other variables. Results showed that situational efficacy (to protect oneself from AIDS) was the best predictor of general intention, followed by reports of past behavioral changes as a result of the AIDS epidemic, and by knowledge. Proximal fear of AIDS was a negative predictor. For specific intentions, a specific belief about inconvenience in condom use was the best predictor, followed by past behavioral change, followed by knowledge. Normative beliefs, a belief that condoms would prevent disease, and distant threat of AIDS were also significant predictors. Theoretical and policy implications of the findings are discussed.
See no evil, hear no evil, do no evil: The lessons of immune privilege

Immune-mediated inflammation and allograft rejection are greatly reduced in certain organs, a phenomenon called 'immune privilege'. Immune privilege is well developed in three regions of the body: the eye, the brain and the pregnant uterus. Immune-mediated inflammation has devastating consequences in the eye and brain, which have limited capacity for regeneration. Likewise, loss of immune privilege at the maternal-fetal interface culminates in abortion in rodents. However, all three regions share many adaptations that restrict the induction and expression of immune-mediated inflammation. A growing body of evidence from rodent studies suggests that a breakdown in immune privilege contributes to multiple sclerosis, uveitis, corneal allograft rejection and possibly even immune abortion.
Photobiomodulation directly benefits primary neurons functionally inactivated by toxins: role of cytochrome c oxidase.

Far red and near infrared (NIR) light promotes wound healing, but the mechanism is poorly understood. Our previous studies using 670 nm light-emitting diode (LED) arrays suggest that cytochrome c oxidase, a photoacceptor in the NIR range, plays an important role in therapeutic photobiomodulation. If this is true, then an irreversible inhibitor of cytochrome c oxidase, potassium cyanide (KCN), should compete with LED and reduce its beneficial effects. This hypothesis was tested on primary cultured neurons. LED treatment partially restored enzyme activity blocked by 10–100 M KCN. It significantly reduced neuronal cell death induced by 300 M KCN from 83.6 to 43.5%. However, at 1–100 mM KCN, the protective effects of LED decreased, and neuronal deaths increased. LED significantly restored neuronal ATP content only at 10 M KCN but not at higher concentrations of KCN tested. Pretreatment with LED enhanced efficacy of LED during exposure to 10 or 100 M KCN but did not restore enzyme activity to control levels. In contrast, LED was able to completely reverse the detrimental effect of tetrodotoxin, which only indirectly down-regulated enzyme levels. Among the wavelengths tested (670, 728, 770, 830, and 880 nm), the most effective ones (830 nm, 670 nm) paralleled the NIR absorption spectrum of oxidized cytochrome c oxidase, whereas the least effective wavelength, 728 nm, did not. The results are consistent with our hypothesis that the mechanism of photobiomodulation involves the up-regulation of cytochrome c oxidase, leading to increased energy metabolism in neurons functionally inactivated by toxins.
Prostate Cancer, The Group, and Me

SUMMARY The paper discusses a psychologist's experience of being diagnosed with prostate cancer and recounts what it is like for a gay man negotiating the heterosexually assumptive medical world. The paper goes on to relate the author's transition from self-help group participant to facilitator of a gay men's prostate cancer support group. The dynamics and concerns of gay men with prostate cancer within the context of a self-help group are described. Among the topics covered in such groups are gay identities, sexual behaviors and attitudes, feelings of helplessness, anger and loss, HIV/AIDS considerations, partner issues and adaptation.
Sarah, Anna and Louise– What No Thelma?: Discovering Louise Talma and Her Shorter Piano Works

This is an adaptation of a presentation given at the SEMLA meeting in Columbus, GA, in October of 2006. After a brief description of her six-month sabbatical at the Library of Congress, Music Librarian Sarah Dorsey (UNC Greensboro) outlines the life of Louise Talma. A short description of her style is followed by some quotes from Louise and a discussion and performance of specific piano pieces1 performed by Anna Neal, Music Librarian at the University of Memphis.