cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Patterns of methylation heritability in a genome-wide analysis of four brain regions

DNA methylation has been implicated in a number of diseases and other phenotypes. It is, therefore, of interest to identify and understand the genetic determinants of methylation and epigenomic variation. We investigated the extent to which genetic variation in cis-DNA sequence explains variation in CpG dinucleotide methylation in publicly available data for four brain regions from unrelated individuals, finding that 3–4% of CpG loci assayed were heritable, with a mean estimated narrow-sense heritability of 30% over the heritable loci. Over all loci, the mean estimated heritability was 3%, as compared with a recent twin-based study reporting 18%. Heritable loci were enriched for open chromatin regions and binding sites of CTCF, an influential regulator of transcription and chromatin architecture. Additionally, heritable loci were proximal to genes enriched in several known pathways, suggesting a possible functional role for these loci. Our estimates of heritability are conservative, and we suspect that the number of identified heritable loci will increase as the methylome is assayed across a broader range of cell types and the density of the tested loci is increased. Finally, we show that the number of heritable loci depends on the window size parameter commonly used to identify candidate cis-acting single-nucleotide polymorphism variants.
Little Founders on the Small Screen: Interpreting a Multicultural American Revolution for Children’s Television

From 2002 to 2004, the children's animated series Liberty's Kids aired on the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS), the United States' public television network. It runs over forty half-hour episodes and features a stellar cast, including such celebrities as Walter Cronkite, Michael Douglas, Yolanda King, Whoopi Goldberg, Billy Crystal, Arnold Schwarzenegger, Liam Neeson, and Annette Bening. Television critics generally loved it, and there are now college students who can trace their interest in the American Revolution to having watched this series when they were children. At the turn of the twenty-first century, it is the most extended and in-depth encounter with the American Revolution that most young people in the United States are likely to have encountered, and is appropriately patriotic and questioning, celebratory and chastening. Although children certainly learn a great deal about multiculturalism from popular culture, the tropes and limitations of depicting history on television trend toward personification, toward reduced complexity and, for children, toward resisting examining the darker sides of human experience. As this essay suggests, the genre's limits match the limits of a multicultural history in its attempt to show diversity and agency during a time when “liberty and justice for all” proved to be more apt as an aspiration at best and an empty slogan at worst than as an accurate depiction of the society that proclaimed it. This essay is not an effort to be, as Robert Sklar put it, a “historian cop,” policing the accuracy of the series by patrolling for inaccuracies. Rather, it is a consideration of the inherent difficulties of trying to apply a multicultural sensibility to a portrayal of the American Revolution.
The Role of Mobility as a Protective Factor of Cognitive Functioning in Aging Adults A Review

Context:Over 33 chronic disease states and health disorders, including obesity and type 2 diabetes, are grouped into what is known as sedentary death syndrome. All these conditions are positively a...
Reimplementing the Cedar file system using logging and group commit

The workstation file system for the Cedar programming environment was modified to improve its robustness and performance. Previously, the file system used hardware-provided labels on disk blocks to increase robustness against hardware and software errors. The new system does not require hardware disk labels, yet is more robust than the old system. Recovery is rapid after a crash. The performance of operations on file system metadata, e.g., file creation or open, is greatly improved.The new file system has two features that make it atypical. The system uses a log, as do most database systems, to recover metadata about the file system. To gain performance, it uses group commit, a concept derived from high performance database systems. The design of the system used a simple, yet detailed and accurate, analytical model to choose between several design alternatives in order to provide good disk performance.
Monetary dynamics: a market approach

The behaviour of the short-run responses implied by the identification of a long-run money demand relationship is examined. These responses have recently been interpreted as representing the policy stance of the monetary authority. However, as movements in the monetary aggregate reflect both demand and supply adjustments, estimating the short-run dynamics solely within the money demand relationship may produce biased results. In order to address this issue, the paper explicitly acknowledges the importance of the supply of money function by including the function alongside the demand for money function. While the interaction of the two equations continues to produce the long-run quantity theory result, the additional detail provides more accurate estimates of the individual short-run adjustments within the two equations.
Folding of viscous sheets and filaments

We consider the nonlinear folding behavior of a viscous filament or a sheet under the influence of an external force such as gravity. Everyday examples of this phenomenon are provided by the periodic folding of a sheet of honey as it impinges on toast, or the folding of a stream of shampoo as it falls on one's hand. To understand the evolution of a fold, we formulate and solve a free-boundary problem for the phenomenon, give scaling laws for the size of the folds and the frequency with which they are laid out, and verify these experimentally.
Role of magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of the painful unicompartmental knee arthroplasty.

Abstract Background Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) is a well established method for the treatment of single compartment arthritis; however, a subset of patients still present with continued pain after their procedure in the setting of a normal radiographic examination. This study investigates the effectiveness of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in guiding the diagnosis of the painful unicompartmental knee arthroplasty. Methods An IRB-approved retrospective review identified 300 consecutive UKAs performed over a three years period with 28 cases of symptomatic UKA (nine percent) with normal radiographic images. Results MRI examination was instrumental in finding a diagnosis that went undetected on radiographs. Based on MRI findings, 10 (36%) patients underwent surgery whilst 18 (64%) were treated conservatively. Conclusion This study supports the use of MRI as a valuable imaging modality for managing symptomatic unicompartmental knee arthroplasty. Level of evidence Case series
A model of market entry in an emerging technology market

The timing of market entry is a critical decision, involving the need to balance the risk of premature entry with the problems of missed opportunities as a result of late entry. Drawing from several theoretical perspectives, we propose a model for explaining the reasons for early or delayed entry into an emerging technology market. A novel feature of our study is the use of a hazard modeling framework to analyze longitudinal data pertaining to over 3500 entrants and nonentrants during the emergence of the automated teller machine market. This approach alleviates the sample selection problems associated with prior entry research. With caution in generalizing the results to other settings, we find compelling evidence in support of the model, extending our knowledge of the dynamics surrounding entry into certain technology markets.
Processing and Notifying Range Top-k Subscriptions

We consider how to support a large number of users over a wide-area network whose interests are characterised by range top-k continuous queries. Given an object update, we need to notify users whose top-k results are affected. Simple solutions include using a content-driven network to notify all users whose interest ranges contain the update (ignoring top-k), or using a server to compute only the affected queries and notifying them individually. The former solution generates too much network traffic, while the latter overwhelms the server. We present a geometric framework for the problem that allows us to describe the set of affected queries succinctly with messages that can be efficiently disseminated using content-driven networks. We give fast algorithms to reformulate each update into a set of messages whose number is provably optimal, with or without knowing all user interests. We also present extensions to our solution, including an approximate algorithm that trades off between the cost of server-side reformulation and that of user-side post-processing, as well as efficient techniques for batch updates.
A conductance maximum observed in an inward-rectifier potassium channel

One prediction of a multi-ion pore is that its conductance should reach a maximum and then begin to decrease as the concentration of permeant ion is raised equally on both sides of the membrane. A conductance maximum has been observed at the single-channel level in gramicidin and in a Ca(2+)-activated K+ channel at extremely high ion concentration (> 1,000 mM) (Hladky, S. B., and D. A. Haydon. 1972. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. 274:294-312; Eisenmam, G., J. Sandblom, and E. Neher. 1977. In Metal Ligand Interaction in Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry. 1-36; Finkelstein, P., and O. S. Andersen. 1981. Journal of Membrane Biology. 59:155-171; Villarroel, A., O. Alvarez, and G. Eisenman. 1988. Biophysical Journal. 53:259a. [Abstr.]). In the present study we examine the conductance-concentration relationship in an inward-rectifier K+ channel, ROMK1. Single channels, expressed in Xenopus oocytes, were studied using inside-out patch recording in the absence of internal Mg2+ to eliminate blockade of outward current. Potassium, at equal concentrations on both sides of the membrane, was varied from 10 to 1,000 mM. As K+ was raised from 10 mM, the conductance increased steeply and reached a maximum value (39 pS) at 300 mM. The single-channel conductance then became progressively smaller as K+ was raised beyond 300 mM. At 1000 mM K+, the conductance was reduced to approximately 75% of its maximum value. The shape of the conductance-concentration curve observed in the ROMK1 channel implies that it has multiple K(+)-occupied binding sites in its conduction pathway.
Accuracy of frozen section diagnosis of ovarian borderline tumor

Abstract Objective The objective of this study was to determine the incidence of invasive cancer in ovarian masses diagnosed as borderline tumor (BT) at the time of frozen section. Methods We performed a retrospective review of all patients diagnosed with ovarian BT on frozen section (FS) at our institution between 2000 and 2010. Clinical and pathologic data were extracted. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using standard two-sided statistical tests. Results A total of 120 patients were identified, of which 104 (86.7%) had BT on frozen section that was confirmed on final pathology. In 15 (12.5%) patients, BT was diagnosed on FS but was reclassified as invasive cancer on final pathology. One patient (0.8%) had BT on FS but benign pathology on final diagnosis. Histologies included serous in 79 (65.8%), seromucinous in 13 (10.8%), mucinous in 21 (17.5), endometrioid in 5 (4.2%), and clear cell in 2 (1.7%) patients. Reclassification of pathologic diagnosis was related to histologic subtype, but only for endometrioid and clear cell tumors ( P P 8cm was associated with a 22.4% incidence of invasive cancer on final pathology compared to 3.2% in tumors ≤8cm ( P =0.004). Conclusion Comprehensive surgical staging can be considered in BT >8cm in diameter, as well as those with micropapillary serous, endometrioid, and clear cell histology diagnosed at the time of frozen section analysis.
Facilitating identity formation, group membership, and learning in science classrooms: What can be learned from out-of-field teaching in an urban school?†

This paper explores both the obstacles and the possibilities for students developing identities associated with science by engaging in solidarity-building classroom interactions. Data come from ethnographic research conducted in a diverse eighth-grade urban magnet school classroom in which the teacher taught out of field for part of the year. Contrary to expectations, more students participated and reported enjoying science when the teacher was out of field. Analysis of classroom interactions indicated that while in field, the teacher primarily engaged in “front stage” performances that hid her struggles with the material and accentuated students' views of science as an elite status group. The types of solidarity that developed among students often did not involve science language and sometimes involved students rejecting peers' claims to membership. However, when out of field, the teacher allowed students into her “backstage,” where her struggles and learning processes were more explicit. These practices lessened the social distance between teacher and students, and reduced the risks of using science language, thereby encouraging solidarity and group membership. This study provides insights into some of the ways that teachers, particularly those in urban settings characterized by diversity, might be more successful at facilitating identity formation and learning in science. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed91:201–221, 2007
SOMATIC ATTRACTIVENESS: AS IN OTHER THINGS, MODERATION IS BEST

Much evidence exists that facially attractive persons are perceived to possess more positive personality traits than are facially unattractive persons. This stereotype is known to be more potent when applied to women than to men. Two experiments were conducted to investigate whether a similar physical attractiveness stereotype exists when “attractive” is defined in terms of physique and “positive” is defined in terms of sex role characteristics and future life happiness. Both the sex role and the life happiness items revealed a tendency for those of intermediate attractiveness to be rated highest. In terms of somatic beauty, the results indicate that while a physical attractiveness stereotype exists, its content is not compatible with the thesis that “what is beautiful is good.”
Does inadequate point-a dose warrant treatment plan modifications in CT-image-based cervix high dose-rate brachytherapy planning? A dosimetric perspective

Background and purposeTo investigate whether inadequate dose to Point-A necessitates treatment plan changes in a time of computed tomography (CT)-image-guided brachytherapy treatment planning for cervix cancer.Materials and methodsA total of 125 tandem and ovoid insertions from 25 cervix patients treated were reviewed. CT-image-based treatment planning was carried out for each insertion. Point-A is identified and the dose documented; however, dose optimisation in each plan was based on covering target while limiting critical organ doses (PlanTarget). No attempts were made to equate prescription and Point-A dose. For each insertion, a second hypothetical treatment plan was generated by prescribing dose to Point-A (PlanPoint-A). Plans were inter-compared using dose–volume histogram analyses.ResultsA total of 250 treatment plans were analysed. For the study population, the median cumulative dose at Point-A was 80 Gy (range 70–95) for PlanTarget compared with 84·25 Gy for PlanPoint-A. Bladder and rectal doses were higher for PlanPoint-A compared with PlanTarget (p < 0·0001). Target D90 did not correlate with Point-A dose (p = 0·60).ConclusionsDepending on applicator geometry, tumour size and patient anatomy, Point-A dose may vary in magnitude compared with prescription dose. Treatment plan modifications purely based on inadequate Point-A dose are unnecessary, as these may result in higher organ-at-risk doses and not necessarily improve target coverage.
Protein synthesis in Ehrlich ascites cells.

Rapidly dividing Ehrlich ascites cells have a higher rate of protein synthesis than slowly-growing cells. This is true whether protein synthesis is measured in vivo or in a cell-free amino acid incorporating system. A lack of endogenous messenger RNA or a ribosomal defect in stationary cells is suggested as a likely cause of the decreased rate of protein synthesis. The soluble proteins synthesized by rapidly-dividing cells are qualitatively different from those synthesized by slowly-growing cells. The latter also have a larger intracellular pool of several amino acids and a slower protein turnover than rapidly-dividing cells.
Free Radicals and Their Involvement During Long-Term Myocardial Ischemia and Reperfusion

Much evidence has accumulated implicating cytotoxic free radicals as an underlying etiology of many clinical disorders. Prominent among these dis­ orders has been ischemic heart disease (25,57). The bulk of the incriminating evidence has been based on the ability of antioxidants to reduce injury in animal models of myocardial ischemia. Unfortunately, quantifying myocar­ dial injury is still an imprecise science and, as a result, the performance of the various antioxidant interventions has varied widely in the different models. Because of the discrepant data, it has been impossible to determine the exact role that free radicals play in the ischemic heart or what long-term clinical benefit might be derived from an antioxidant intervention in the ischemic patient. Although it is well-established that some free radicals are produced on reperfusion of the ischemic heart, it is the magnitude of the injury that the radicals produce that remains in question. Although the in vitro work has established a theoretical framework for the free radical hypothesis, in the final analysis this question will only be answered by measuring the protection derived in a whole animal by an antioxidant intervention. Unfortunately, the gaps in our understanding of any new theory have to be
Effects of Polyphosphates on Water Uptake, Moisture Retention, and Cooking Loss in Broilers

Abstract TO DATE, little research information is available in regard to the use of food grade polyphosphates with poultry meat. The use of such products in hams and sausages for water binding properties and cured color retention has promoted interest in their effectiveness on poultry. Mahon (1961) reported that adding certain polyphosphates to the chill water reduced fluid absorption during chilling and “weep” during raw refrigerator storage. In addition, he reported that thawing drip and cooking loss were reduced, tenderness of the cooked flesh increased while oxidative deterioration and associated color changes in the cooked flesh were significantly reduced. Moisture control has been further emphasized with stipulations placed by U.S.D.A. on how much moisture a bird can be allowed to absorb. Poultry processors have long been concerned with the moisture loss from fresh broilers during marketing. It was the purpose of this study to see how effective food grade polyphosphates were …
Locating object knowledge in the brain: comment on Bowers's (2009) attempt to revive the grandmother cell hypothesis.

According to Bowers (2009), the finding that there are neurons with highly selective responses to familiar stimuli supports theories positing localist representations over approaches positing the type of distributed representations typically found in parallel distributed processing (PDP) models. However, his conclusions derive from an overly narrow view of the range of possible distributed representations and of the role that PDP models can play in exploring their properties. Although it is true that current distributed theories face challenges in accounting for both neural and behavioral data, the proposed localist account—to the extent that it is articulated at all—runs into more fundamental difficulties. Central to these difficulties is the problem of specifying the set of entities a localist unit represents.
an empirical study of the effect of leadership influence on decision outcomes in different sized jury panels

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of direction of leadership influence on decision outcomes requiring a large consensus in groups of six and twelve members. The need for this empirical research was prompted by the recent Supreme Court decision to reduce the size of juries from twelve to six members. One hundred and sixty subjects were randomly assigned to high and low leadership influence in six and twelve member panels and asked to deliberate as jurors on a civil suit. The findings were as follows: (1) direction of leadership had substantial impact on decision outcome, regardless of group size, and (2) leadership in the low direction, i.e., pressure toward lesser monetary compensation, tended to be more successful than toward high compensation. Though these findings are supportive of recent jury reform, some new questions as to the role of leadership in decision making groups such as juries are raised.
VxIn(2–x)S3 Intermediate Band Absorbers Deposited by Atomic Layer Deposition

Substitutional alloys of several thin film semiconductors have been proposed as intermediate band (IB) materials for use in next-generation photovoltaics, which aim to utilize a larger fraction of the solar spectrum without sacrificing significant photovoltage. We demonstrate a novel approach to IB material growth, namely atomic layer deposition (ALD), to allow unique control over substitutional-dopant location and density. Two new ALD processes for vanadium sulfide incorporation are introduced, one of which incorporates a vanadium(III) amidinate previously untested for ALD. Using this process, we synthesize the first thin film VxIn(2–x)S3 intermediate band semiconductors and further demonstrate that the V:In ratio, and therefore intraband gap density of states, can be finely tuned according to the ALD dosing schedule. Deposition on a crystalline In2S3 underlayer promotes the growth of a tetragonal β-In2S3-like phase VxIn(2–x)S3, which exhibits a distinct sub-band gap absorption peak with onset near 1.1 e...
Simple Method for Rearing the Insect Predator Geocoris punctipes (Heteroptera: Lygaeidae) on a Meat Diet

An all-beef artificial diet was developed for rearing Geocoris punctipes (Say). Thus far, five complete continuous generations have developed on this diet at a cost of ca. $0 63 per 1000 adults. Eggs for a sixth generation have been laid. There was an increase in biomass from <1.0 mg for first instars that started the culture to nearly 1,200 mg biomass in the fifth generation. Numbers of G. punctipes have increased in each succeeding generation, an indication that the present diet and techniques may lend themselves to mass culture of this important predator.
Field Studies on Sex Pheromone Trapping of the Filbert Leafroller, Archips rosanus, in Oregon

Field studies conducted with virgin females of the filbert leafroller, Archips rosanus L. indicated that females are capable of attracting males, although the efficiency of attraction is much inferior to the synthetic pheromone traps. A synthetic sex attractant dispenser containing a mixture of cis -11-tetradecenyl acetate, and the alcohol, cis -11-tetradecen-1-ol attracted 5–15 times more males than the virgin females. The number of virgin females per trap had little influence on total number of moths attracted. Virgin females of all ages were attractive, though the younger females (7 days or less) were slightly more attractive than the older ones. Open traps placed at heights of 0.6 and 1.2 m above ground were significantly more effective than traps at other heights.
Benign Familial Infantile Seizures

The history, classification, clinical and EEG features, genetics, differential diagnosis, and outcome of “benign familial infantile seizures” (BFIS) are reviewed from the Neurology Department, Bambino Gesu Children Hospital, Rome, Italy.
Erasing the Mark of a Criminal Record: Examining the Effect of Education on Ex-Offender Employment

ABSTRACTThe United States has the largest population of citizens with criminal records and the stigma associated with these records. This stigma encountered by ex-offenders is thought to contribute to the high recidivism rates currently observed through blocking opportunities for advancement in conventional society. While previous research has noted the existence of negative stigma, little research has been conducted to examine potential methods for reducing the stigma ex-offenders face upon re-entering society. Using audit study methodology, we examine whether the level of education matters in securing employment for ex-offenders. We find a contextualized effect of higher education on ex-offender employment as the negative stigma is not ameliorated until a bachelor’s degree is earned.
Treatment adherence improves outcomes and manages costs.

Our experience with other chronic diseases, such as hypertension, diabetes, and asthma, has shown that adherence to treatment over time is about 50%. In HIV treatment, a significantly higher rate of adherence (i.e., 95% or greater) is required to achieve good outcomes. HAART is effective and cost-effective. Even with the high cost of antiretroviral drugs, the decrease in hospital utilization in addition to improved quality of life with HAART more than offsets the increased cost of drugs. This cost shifting from hospital utilization has been shown to result in a decrease of total monthly costs of care in many settings. In addition to decreased mortality and cost savings from decreased hospital utilization associated with HAART, the appropriate use of expensive antiretroviral drugs and the resultant reduction in antiretroviral resistance can save lives and money over the long term. However, we know that the performance of drugs in clinical trials is not always borne out in today's real world of ambulatory HIV care, underscoring the need for treatment adherence strategies in the HAART era. Our understanding of what improves adherence to antiretroviral treatment is still incomplete. However, there are a number of approaches that address the patient, the provider/multidisciplinary team, and the treatment regimen itself. The dedicated TAC, while not the only solution, has been shown to be an effective team member and a solution worth considering in managed care settings. When added to the costs of today's care, this team member should still prove cost-effective in the final analysis.
Alloscorpiops citadelle sp. n. from Thailand (Scorpiones: Euscorpiidae: Scorpiopinae)

Alloscorpiops citadelle sp. n. from Thailand is described and compared with A. anthracinus (Simon, 1887). A. citadelle sp. n. is characterized mainly by a higher number of trichobothria on the patella, which has 29–34 external (23–24 in A. anthracinus ) and 19–21 ventral (15–19 in A. anthracinus ) trichobothria.
Examining identity development among gay men of color

Within the past few decades, there has been an explosion of articles examining “gay identity.” Yet, much of this work continues to center on the experiences of gay White men or fail to adequately examine the process of identity development, even when “identity” is central to the discussion. This review outlines 4 theoretical perspectives used to explore gay men of color and identity development. Taken together, these 4 perspectives can offer a rich opportunity to explore the ways that gay men of color come to develop an identity that simultaneously addresses their racial and sexual identities. I argue that examining identity development among gay men of color can help sociology better understand the identity process and provide new insights into examining intersectionality by demonstrating that identities are not only intersectional but also contextual.
Use of an Absorbable Synthetic Polymer Dural Substitute for Repair of Dural Defects: A Technical Note

Repair of the dura after cranial neurosurgery can present a technical challenge and, for certain neurosurgical procedures, is critical to prevent cerebrospinal fluid leak and associated wound complications. Multiple options exist for dural repair, including the patient's own tissues, bovine collagen-derived commercially available grafts, as well as newer, entirely synthetic graft materials. This is the first report of surgical experience with a new synthetic and absorbable dura substitute which has recently gained Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval. Four patients underwent dural reconstruction with a new graft material after cranial neurosurgery when the dura was unrepairable directly. The synthetic graft material demonstrated satisfactory surgical qualities, was effective in dural repair, and no complications were attributable to the graft. Dural repair after craniotomy is an often desirable surgical outcome in neurosurgery. Surgeons seeking new graft materials may find this new absorbable, entirely synthetic material favorable for dural repair.
Dual-Track Picosecond Infrared Spectroscopy of Metal-Carbonyl Photochemistry

A novel spectroscopic method incorporating broadband infrared down and upconversion with 0.4 ps time resolution is described. Broadband (ca. 120 cm−1) IR pulses near 2000 cm−1 (5 µm) are difference frequency generated in LiIO3 between 20 Hz Nd+3:YAG regeneratively amplified, synchronously pumped ps and compressed fs dye lasers. Beamsplit IR pulses are upconverted in LiIO3 producing two broadband visible pulses that are dispersed on a rapid-scanned CCD camera as two spectral tracks (4 cm−1 resolution). Dividing probe by reference tracks on each shot allows detection of transient difference absorptions as small as 0.001 ΔOD (8000 shots) without laser or crystal tuning. Photolysis of Rh(CO)2(acetylacetonate) and Co(CO)2(cyclopentadiene) in room temperature n-hexane, 1-hexene, CCl4 and mixed solvent solutions yield spectra suggesting vibrational cooling or complex formation with solvent occurs in these systems.
A Gamified Mobile System for Crowdsourcing Video for Autism Research

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a condition affecting 70 million children worldwide. Due to delays in diagnosis and imbalances in coverage, it is necessary to develop new methods of care delivery for use outside of clinical settings., We present a mobile charades-style game, Guess What?, used for acquisition of structured video from children with ASD for behavioral disease research. By analyzing facial affect in response to various prompts, we demonstrate that engagement and facial affect can be quantified and measured using real-time image processing algorithms: an important step for future therapies, diagnostics, and outcome measures based on home video. Our study of thirteen subjects reveals that game sessions displaying "faces" to the player produced the most emotive facial expressions in the player by a considerable margin. Videos from the younger neurotypical group contained 73.9% more frames with emotion in this category, compared to the older group with ASD. Moreover, results from all categories indicated 20.7% less facial engagement among older children with ASD compared to younger children with no diagnosis.
Adiabatic Ligand Binding in Heme Proteins: Ultrafast Kinetics of Methionine Rebinding in Ferrous Cytochrome c

The dynamics of methionine geminate recombination following photodissociation in ferrous cytochrome c is investigated over a broad temperature range. The kinetic response, above the solvent glass transition (Tg), is nearly monoexponential and displays a weak temperature dependence. Below Tg, the rebinding kinetics are nonexponential and can be explained using a quenched distribution of enthalpic rebinding barriers, arising from a relatively narrow distribution of heme out-of-plane displacements. The Arrhenius prefactor of this (ΔS = 2) reaction is ∼1011 s–1, which is similar to what has been found for the (ΔS = 1) NO binding reaction in heme proteins. This observation, along with other examples of ultrafast CO binding, provides strong evidence that ligand binding to heme is an adiabatic reaction with a spin-independent prefactor. In order to simultaneously account for the adiabatic nature of the reaction as well as the temperature dependence of both ultrafast CO and methionine geminate rebinding, it is pr...
Factors Protecting against Suicidal Ideation in South Korean Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Systematic Literature Review

This systematic literature review investigates protective factors against suicidal ideation among community-dwelling older adults in South Korea. Existing research focuses on risk factors for suicidal thoughts among older adults living in the community, but research on protective factors for this population is rare. Furthermore, studies have been more likely to examine individual and social factors rather than macro factors, yet suicidal thoughts among older adults may come from various long-term challenges. This study applied Bronfenbrenner's ecological frame to synthesize 60 studies. The results reveal that protective factors against suicidal thoughts among community-dwelling older adults in South Korea are found at four levels: individual, family, community, and macro-level factors.
Incorporating Black Images and References to Increase African American Student Performance in Introductory Psychology: A Pilot Study:

Psychology educators report time constraints and a lack of relevance to course material as barriers to the incorporation of diversity content into their courses. This pilot study demonstrates an ap...
Duodenal neuroendocrine tumors: Somewhere between the pancreas and small bowel?

377Background: While small sub-2 cm pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are often observed given their indolent behavior, small bowel NETs are routinely resected with a regional lymphadenectomy...
Patterns of Recovery From Aphasia in the First 2 Weeks After Stroke.

Purpose Recovery from aphasia after stroke has a decelerating trajectory, with the greatest gains taking place early and the slope of change decreasing over time. Despite its importance, little is ...
Financial Strain, Employment, and Role Captivity and Overload Over Time Among Dementia Family Caregivers.

Background and objectives This study examined how financial strain and changes in employment status affect subjective stressors over 12 months in 184 family caregivers of individuals with dementia. Research design and methods Subjective stressors of role overload and role captivity, and employment status were measured at baseline, 6-, and 12-months. Self-reports on financial strain were measured at baseline only. Caregivers were categorized into 3 groups based on changes in their employment status during the study over 12 months: (a) who were never employed, (b) who experienced some sort of employment status change, either going from employment to unemployment or vice versa, and (c) who were always employed. Growth curve analyses were conducted to examine within-person changes in role overload and role captivity, and associations with employment and financial strain. Results Caregivers with greater financial strain at baseline had higher levels of role overload and increasing role captivity over time. Caregivers who experienced a caregiving transition and had low financial strain at baseline showed greater decrease in role captivity over 12 months. Although caregivers who were consistently unemployed reported lower levels of role overload, they also showed steeper increase over time than those who were consistently employed. Discussion and implications Caregivers' perceptions of financial strain add to the long-term stress of the caregiving role. Changes in caregivers' employment status may have complex associations with their feelings of stress over time.
Life-threatening hypertriglyceridemia-induced pancreatitis related to alectinib successfully treated by plasmapheresis: A review of the literature on metabolic toxicities associated with anaplastic lymphoma kinase inhibitors:

IntroductionActionable mutations are tested as standard of care for all new metastatic non-small cell lung cancers. Tumors harboring an anaplastic lymphoma kinase mutation respond to tyrosine kinas...
High Performance Size Exclusion Chromatography and High-Throughput Dynamic Light Scattering as Orthogonal Methods to Screen for Aggregation and Stability of Monoclonal Antibody Drug Products.

Abstract The presence of aggregates in monoclonal antibody (mAb) drug product (DP) formulations can present product quality challenges. Here we show that use of High Performance Size Exclusion Chromatography (HP-SEC), in conjunction with high-throughput dynamic light scattering (HT-DLS) analyses of mAb DPs can be a useful strategy to determine monomer content and the presence of aggregates under simulated stress conditions. This analytical approach was used to evaluate four commercially available mAb DPs under different conditions i.e.; original formulations, diluted, and thermo-mechanical stressed condition. Due to particle size limitations of HP-SEC columns, resulting in particles accumulating in the column frits prior to reaching the detector for analysis, there is a possibility that large mAb aggregates may not be detected. Both HP-SEC and HT-DLS were able to detect and resolve the mAb monomer (~10–12 nm) of the DPs in their recommended storage conditions. However, the ability to detect large aggregates (>40 nm) by both analytical methods differed, and HT-DLS was able to detect aggregates between 60 nm and 1400 nm under stress conditions. Our data indicates that HP-SEC, in conjunction with HT-DLS, may be beneficial to detect both mAb DP monomer content and multiple aggregate species (1–1000 nm) in the submicron size range.
Remote self-measurement of wrist range of motion performed on normal wrists by a minimally trained individual using the iPhone level application only demonstrated good reliability in measuring wrist flexion and extension.

Abstract Study Design This is a reliability study using the intraclass correlation coefficient. Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine whether an individual with minimal training could use the iPhone Level application to self-measure the range of motion of the forearm and wrist from a remote location. Methods Forty healthy participants (80 wrists) were measured twice by two examiners using a universal goniometer and the iPhone Level application. After measurement, each participant received a training session in the self-measurement method. They were then asked to perform remote self-measurements two to three days later and report their findings to the examiners using Skype or FaceTime. Results SPSS, version 26, was used to run intraclass correlation coefficients using a two-way random analysis at a 95% confidence interval with absolute agreement. Comparisons of single measurements were used to determine reliability. Good inter-rater reliability was found between wrist flexion and extension in all testing conditions. Measurement of active motion in supination, pronation, radial, and ulnar deviation demonstrated moderate reliability compared with the universal goniometer where the measurements were performed by the investigators. Self-measurement of the participant resulted in moderate reliability for supination and poor reliability in pronation, radial, and ulnar deviation. Discussion Some participants found the procedures technologically and perceptually challenging. Anatomical variances, positional requirements, and substitution patterns complicated the process. Conclusions The iPhone Level application may be used to perform reliable self-measurements of wrist flexion and extension from a remote location. Further research exploring methods for remote selfmeasurement is indicated.
Working More Effectively with Non-binary Colleagues

In this chapter, we focus on the experiences of gender non-binary people in the workplace and provide resources to increase our effectiveness in working with non-binary colleagues. To work more successfully with gender non-conforming colleagues, we emphasize the importance of understanding ourselves and how we operate within these spaces. While paying attention to the work environment is important, we must also pay attention to ourselves. By understanding ourselves, we suggest, we are better able to understand and interact with others. We argue that each of us is more successful interpersonally if we first do work on ourselves intrapersonally. Toward that end, we provide an overview of two steps we all can take before we act in order to work more effectively with non-binary colleagues as well as all other colleagues.
Framing Violence: Rhetoric and Goal Structures of Shia and Salafi Terrorist Organizations

Though existing research on religiously motivated terrorism has examined the characteristics of groups across religious traditions, very few have disaggregated their studies to the level of sect. S...
No Shelter for Shelters: Applicability of the Owner-Exemption in Veterinary Disciplinary Actions

This article discusses the impact of applying the statutory owner-exemption in the Texas Veterinary Licensing Act to shelter veterinarians.
Trick and Please. A Mixed-Method Study On User Assumptions About the TikTok Algorithm

The short-form video sharing app TikTok is characterized by content-based interactions that largely depend on individually customized video feeds curated by the app’s recommendation algorithm. Algorithms are generally invisible mechanisms within socio-technical systems that can influence how we perceive online and offline reality, and how we interact with each other. Based on experiences from consuming and creating videos, users develop assumptions about how the TikTok algorithm might work, and about how to trick and please the algorithm to make their videos trend so it pushes them to other users’ ‘for you’ pages. We conducted 28 qualitative interviews with TikTok users and identified three main criteria they assume influence the platform’s algorithm: video engagement, posting time, and adding and piling up hashtags. We then collected 300,617 videos from the TikTok trending section and performed a series of data exploration and analysis to test these user assumption by determining criteria for trending videos. Our data analysis confirms that higher video engagement through comments, likes, and shares leads to a higher chance of the algorithm pushing a video to the trending section. We also find that posting videos at certain times increases the chances of it trending and reaching higher popularity. In contrast, the highly common assumption that using trending hashtags, algorithm related hashtags (e.g. #fyp, #foryou), and piling up trending hashtags would significantly push videos to the trending section was found not applicable. Our results contribute to existing research on user understanding of social media algorithms using TikTok as an example for a short-video app that is explicitly built around algorithmic content recommendation. Our results provide a broader perspective on user beliefs and behavior in the context of socio-technical systems and social media content creation and consumption.
Sex differences in CSF biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease

Abstract The development of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and related disorders is rapidly progressing. Although the use of precision medicine methods has contributed to enhanced understanding of the AD pathophysiological changes and development of assays, one aspect not commonly considered is sex and gender differences. There are several ways in which sex can affect the measurement or interpretation of AD-related CSF biomarkers, including sex differences in biomarker concentrations and sex differences in the diagnosis or prognosis of the biomarker. This chapter highlights the impetus to consider sex differences in the development and interpretation of clinical assays for CSF biomarkers of AD.
Evaluation of Fungicides for the Control of Phytophthora ramorum Infecting Rhododendron, Camellia, Pieris, and Viburnum

Abstract Fungicides were evaluated for pre- and post-infection control of ramorum blight, caused by Phytophthora ramorum, on Rhododendron cvs. Cunningham's White and Irish Lace, Camellia japonica, ...
Towards an Understanding of Professional Dispositions of Exemplary School Librarians

A review of literature reveals the ongoing struggle by educators to understand the concept of professional dispositions. The inclusion of dispositions in action in the American Association of School Librarians’ Standards for the 21st-century Learner (2007) motivates school library professionals to join their educational colleagues in efforts to comprehend the concept of dispositions and the behaviors leading to increased student learning. In this chapter, the authors seek to answer the significant questions regarding the conceptual and philosophical meaning of dispositions, as well as their acquisition and assessment by focusing on the historical perspective surrounding this concept. The authors urge readers to take a thoughtful and reflective stance towards this complex concept rather than viewing dispositions simply as means to an assessment checklist. Meaningful conversations about dispositions prompt increased educational achievement because effectiveness derives from dispositions (Knopp, T. Y., & Smith, R. L. (2005). A brief historical context for dispositions in teacher education. In R. L. Smith, D. Skarbek, & J. Hurst (Eds.), The passion of teaching: Dispositions in the schools (pp. 1–15). Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group).
Therapeutic Cytapheresis: Red Blood Cell Exchange, Leukapheresis, and Thrombocytopheresis (Plateletpheresis)

Publisher Summary Cytapheresis removes one or more cellular components of the blood. Common therapeutic cytapheresis procedures include red blood cell (RBC) exchange, leukapheresis, and thrombocytapheresis. These are in contradistinction to the whole blood exchange that is occasionally used for the treatment of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and hemolytic disease of the newborn. The cytapheresis procedure itself may be carried out manually or by automated instruments. Intravascular volume is maintained by the replacement of the removed element with normal packed red blood cells (PRBCs), crystalloids, or colloids. As the procedure continues, the efficiency of removal of the cellular component decreases because of the dilutional effect of the replacement fluid. In RBC exchange, RBCs are the blood component requiring replacement. RBCs are removed from the patient and allogeneic PRBCs are transfused. Sickle cell disease is the most commonly cited indication for RBC exchange, but as technology has advanced to its current level of relative ease and safety, the indications have expanded. RBC exchange transfusion has now been used successfully in the treatment of parasitic infections of RBCs, including malaria and babesiosis, hemolytic transfusion reactions, and carbon monoxide poisoning. Patients with hematologic malignancies can present with symptoms caused by increased numbers of circulating WBCs, platelets, or RBCs. The short-term course of thrombocytosis can be improved by using plateletpheresis to reduce the peripheral platelet count in those patients experiencing thrombotic or hemorrhagic symptoms. Similar to leukapheresis, the effectiveness of plateletpheresis is dependent both on the efficiency of platelet removal and on the rate at which platelets are being released into the peripheral circulation. This procedure can alter the symptoms of the disease but does not alter its course. Thrombocytosis is more effectively treated by chemotherapy.