cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Introduction: The Frivolous Literary

Quand le monde a cesse d'etre frivole, les polars le deviennent. Jean-Patrick Manchette, Chroniques In 1984, Nouvelles Editions africaines du Senegal published an odd book about the marijuana smoking culture in and around Senegal's capital city, Dakar. Evocatively named La Vie en spirale , the book was written by a full-time nurse and part-time author named Abasse Ndione. The particular manner in which it engaged with the criminal milieu of a major African city turned out to be a significant event: it marked the appearance of noir in Francophone African letters. Ndione's novel would inaugurate a twenty-year trend among a distinct group of Francophone African authors who, during that period, were doing two important things: systematically turning away from a complex dialectical relationship to a French aesthetic model inherited from the colonial experience, and renegotiating their relationship to an anthropological-ideological imperative that had dominated Francophone African writing since at least the 1950s. The importance of this turn to noir in contemporary African letters would be consecrated in 2000 when Cameroonian Mongo Beti (1932–2001), one of the continent's most famous writers, chose to make his last work, Branle-bas en noir et blanc , explicitly noir. Adapting a genre historically identified with the United States seemed to offer these authors a way around the overbearing French influence on Francophone African literary tradition. Still, had they limited themselves to this move, the effects might ironically have been blunted by the genre's historical framing: the term “noir” itself comes out of France and was applied to a specific school of American writing beginning with the “hard-boiled” crime novels of the 1920s and 1930s and to French authors writing in the same vein.
Polyphenols in Foods and Dietary Supplements: Role in Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health

This review discusses the potential uses of several polyphenol substances in veterinary medicine and promoting animal health. Polyphenols are usually found in natural foods that are either plant products themselves or of plant origin. Some of these plant products that contain notable amounts of polyphenol compounds include fruits, vegetables, and teas. Consequently, an increase in some of these plant products in animals’ diets might improve health and have a number of other beneficial consequences (Zloch Z. The role of dietary plant polyphenols in health maintenance. Cas Lek Cesk. 1996;135(3):84–8). In recent years, research has been performed on dietary polyphenols that supports the role of polyphenols in preventing degenerative diseases and shows that they have significant antioxidant properties. Observations have been made that show these compounds have the ability to help treat cardiovascular diseases, cancers, inflammation, pain, obesity, osteoporosis, as well as several neurodegenerative diseases and a number of other ailments (Scalbert A, Johnson IT, Saltmarsh M. Polyphenols: antioxidants and beyond. Am J Clin Nutr. 2005;81(suppl):215S–217S). Thus, polyphenols have the potential to be integrated into veterinary practice and used to promote animal health.
Growth Hormone and Prolactin Secretion in Horses: Effects of Multiple and Extended Exercise Bouts, β-Hydroxy-β-Methyl Butyrate Feeding, and Arginine and Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone Pretreatment

Abstract Five experiments were performed to test the overall hypothesis that exercise might be a useful indicator of growth hormone (GH) and prolactin status in horses. In experiment 1, geldings were exercised for 5 minutes four times at hourly intervals. The prolactin response (P .1) of supplementation. In experiment 3, treatment of geldings with arginine before exercise increased (P .1) on the GH response to exercise. In experiment 4, the repeatability of the GH response to 5 minutes of exercise was determined by exercising eight stallions on six separate occasions. In addition to a large variation in GH response among stallions, there was a large variation within each stallion. In experiment 5, pretreatment with thyrotropin-releasing hormone 2 hours before exercise did not normalize the GH response to exercise. In conclusion, factors affecting the GH response to exercise likely preclude its usefulness as an indicator of GH status in horses.
Endogenous sex hormones and risk of prostate cancer: A prospective study

A39 Sex steroid hormones influence prostate development and maintenance through their roles in prostate cellular proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Although suspected to be involved in prostate carcinogenesis, an association between circulating androgens and prostate cancer has not been clearly established in epidemiologic studies. > >We conducted a nested case-control study with prospectively collected samples in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial, to examine associations of prostate cancer with androstenedione (Δ4-A), testosterone (T), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), and 3α-androstanediol glucuronide (3α-diolG). A total of 727 incident Caucasian prostate cancer cases (age≥65 years, N=396) and 889 matched controls were selected for this analysis. > >Overall, prostate cancer risks were unrelated to serum T, estimated free and bioavailable T, and SHBG; however, risks increased with increasing T:SHBG ratio ( p trend =0.01), mostly related to risk in older men (≥65 years, p trend =0.001), particularly for aggressive disease (Q4 vs. Q1: Odds Ratio (OR) 2.76, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.50-5.09). No clear patterns were noted for Δ4-A and 3α-diolG. > >In summary, our large prospective study did not show convincing evidence of a relationship between serum sex hormones and prostate cancer. T:SHBG ratio was related to risk in this older population of men, but the significance of this ratio in steroidal biology is unclear.
Progressive Interstitial Lung Disease Nonresponse to Cyclophosphamide

A 27-year-old Caucasian woman presented at 23 6/7 weeks gestational age with seizure and hypoxic respiratory failure. While initially thought to have eclampsia, she was found to have a positive ANA, a positive anti-Scl-70 antibody, and abnormal nailfold capillaroscopy and, thus, was diagnosed with systemic sclerosis. Several months into her disease course, she developed interstitial lung disease (ILD) diagnosed by high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT). She was started on treatment with cyclophosphamide based on data from the Scleroderma Lung Study I. Unfortunately, her pulmonary function tests (PFTs) and imaging continued to worsen despite treatment with cyclophosphamide. She was then treated with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and an experimental therapy with a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (imatinib), both of which yielded similarly poor results. In addition to immunosuppression, she underwent drastic measures to control her gastroesophageal reflux disease, a risk factor known to correlate with more severe ILD. In spite of all of these therapies, she progressed to end-stage lung disease and is currently undergoing evaluation for lung transplant. When initial treatment with cyclophosphamide for SSc-ILD fails, where does one go from there? Several new potential agents are on the horizon. Two new antifibrotic agents, which have been approved for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, are currently being studied in SSc-ILD. Additionally, a number of other immunosuppressive agents, such as rituximab and tocilizumab, are under investigation in patients with SSc-ILD. While lung transplantation and autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) remain potential treatment options, these should generally be reserved for when all other therapies have failed.
Alexandria und das Nildelta

Der Brotkorb des damals noch fast ausschlieslich agrarischen Agypten war das Nildelta mit der Hafenstadt Alexandria. In der pharaonischen Zeit nur eine unbedeutende Siedlung, erkannte Alexander der Grose das Potenzial dieses Standortes und grundete 333 v. Chr. eine nach ihm selbst benannte Hafenstadt auf einem schmalen Landstreifen zwischen Westspitze des Nildeltas, Mittelmeer und dem Brackwassersee Mareotis. Das gesamte 19. Jahrhundert hindurch von europaischen Reisenden als morgenlandischer Schmelztiegel schlechthin beschrieben, fanden sich hier moderne Einspengsel neben antiken Trummern. Die okologische Untersuchung des Naturraums des Deltas mit den Nilarmen stiesen bereits napoleonische Offiziere an, die sich auch als erste den Phanomenen des Wadi Natrun zuwandten. Wenn auch schon von diesen vermutet, so brauchte es noch Jahrzehnte, bis nachgewiesen werden konnte, das die hiesigen Seen eine Durchsickerung vom Nildelta sind, der ‘Flus ohne Wasser’ aber kein ausgetrockneter Altarm des Nil ist.
Peers, Social Control, or Guilt? Self-Conscious Emotions as Explanation for Antisocial Behavior

ABSTRACTCriminologists rarely include self-conscious emotions like guilt or shame to explain delinquency. Instead, factors external to the individual are often used, such as social institutions, the family, or peers. This study uses a longitudinal sample of 526 youth from two waves of survey data to assess the effects of peer influences, social control, and the self-conscious emotion of guilt on youth problem behaviors. Problem behavior is measured using teacher assessments at Time2. All other variables are baseline youth self-report measures that were collected at Time1. The results show that guilt statistically predicted teacher-assessed problem behaviors. Further work is needed to develop this measure in criminology.
David Oliver: The NHS’s understaffing is its Achilles’ heel

I’ve long stopped believing any soundbites about NHS staffing or funding if they come from the Department of Health or Number 10. I’d like to see a truly independent body for all NHS statistics. The House of Lords’ April report on the NHS’s future1 criticised serial government claims that “4000 new doctors and 9000 new nurses” have been recruited, without these mantras being grounded in coherent planning about how many are needed or acknowledging those who leave or go part time.23 The Lords’ report was also highly critical of the UK’s track record in …
Stalking Victimization Among College Students: The Role of Disability Within a Lifestyle-Routine Activity Framework:

This study utilized the routine activity perspective and incorporated measures of disability to examine the underexplored relationship between disability status and stalking victimization. Survey data from approximately 43,000 college students from across the United States were examined to explore these relationships. Results indicated that disability was a significant risk factor for victimization. Consistent with theoretical expectations, several measures of lifestyles and routine activities also were found to increase risk of stalking victimization, including volunteering, employment, and risk-taking behaviors such as alcohol and drug use. Collectively, the results suggest that measures of disability should be incorporated into future research testing the routine activities perspective for interpersonal victimization.
Legal Briefs: What Caused the Adverse Outcome in This Infant of a Diabetic Mother?

A 1,560-g, appropriate-for-gestational age, 32-week-gestation female neonate was born to a 22-year-old gravida 1, para 0 mother who has had insulin-dependent diabetes since age 10 years. During her pregnancy, the mother developed hypertension, for which she was treated with methyldopa and labetolol. Her diabetes was poorly controlled. On the day of delivery, her hemoglobin A1c was very high at 9.9. Because of severe abdominal pain, the mother went to the hospital. Fetal monitoring showed tachycardia of 165 beats/min with minimum variability and late decelerations. The obstetrician retained by the plaintiff maintained that the tracings from the time of admission mandated an immediate delivery. The bedside nurses said they informed the physician of these findings. After several hours, the fetal heart rate became higher, the decelerations worsened, and variability disappeared. Oxygen and antenatal steroids were given. The fetal tracings became more ominous. Four hours after admission to the hospital, fetal bradycardia prompted an emergency cesarean delivery. Complete abruption of the placenta was found. Cord blood gases were not sent. The plaintiff obstetrician was critical of the time it took to deliver the infant and the fact that cord blood gases were not sent for evaluation. The plaintiff nurses were critical of the bedside nurses for not 1) recognizing alarming tracings, 2) advocating for the fetus by having the obstetrician …
Bridging the Cloud Trust Gap: Using ORCON Policy to Manage Consumer Trust between Different Clouds

If we send our data to the cloud, how do we know the cloud will not outsource our data to another cloud provider? We leverage the originator controlled access control policy (ORCON) which is originator focused and provides the opportunity to express consumer specific desires relating to our data in the cloud. We present a novel cloud trust policy framework which allows for the consumer to make more expressive choices regarding the handling of her data across distributed clouds using ORCON as a mechanism. We also identify a trust gap between a cloud consumer and the cloud. A cloud consumer (specifically first time user), who is provided with privacy and security guarantees and promised a level of service, must decide to take a leap of faith and trust the cloud. This 'trust gap' is a both short term and long term trust issue. We explore ways to bridge this gap. Finally, we identify a conflict-of-interest that exists within the cloud trust research space and explain how to mitigate it. This is achieved principally by moving attestation servers out of the cloud that it is supposed to be attesting to. This effectively creates Attestation as a Service(AaaS).
Application of deep learning in genomic selection

Genomic selection (GS) is a marker-assisted selection approach to enhance quantitative traits in breeding population in which whole genome single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) markers can be used to predict breeding values (BV). GS has been proved to increase breeding efficiency in both plant and animal breeding, such as dairy cattle, pig, rice, soybean and loblolly pine. Here, we propose a deep-learning model using convolutional neural network (CNN) to predict genomic estimated breeding value (GEBV) and also to investigate neighboring SNP effects within linkage disequilibrium. We have applied our models on two datasets: 1) grain yield (YLD) trait on Glycine Max (soybean) nested association mapping (NAM) dataset and 2) stem height (HT) trait on a Pinus taeda (loblolly pine) dataset. The SoyNAM population contains 4,313 SNPs from 5,139 individuals with a trait heritability of 0.345 and the Loblolly Pine population contains 4,853 SNPs from 861 individuals with a trait heritability of 0.31. Our deep-learning model was tested with a 10-fold cross-validation, run in parallel on graphic processing units (GPUs). Our model prediction accuracy, which was calculated by Pearson Correlation between GEBV and observed values, outperforms traditional statistical RR-BLUP, Bayesian LASSO and BayesA models. The results indicate that deep-learning model is efficient in accurately computing breeding values and simultaneously studying nearby SNP effects from CNNs. It also indicates powerful potential in interpreting phenotype-genotype associations over the entire genome.
GENDER DIFFERENCES IN STEMI OUTCOMES BEFORE AND AFTER IMPLEMENTATION OF A COMPREHENSIVE FOUR-STEP PROGRAM TO IMPROVE STEMI CARE

Women with STEMI have longer door to balloon times (D2BT) and higher mortality compared to men. Strategies to reduce gender disparities in STEMI care are needed. On 7/15/14 we implemented a comprehensive 4-step STEMI program (CSP) including (1) ED cath lab activation criteria (2) checklist for
A case report of guardian-consent forced paliperidone palmitate for behavioral disturbance due to traumatic brain injury

Psychosis after traumatic brain injury (TBI) occurs in up to 10% of cases. Although guideline consensus is lacking regarding drugs of choice for this condition, current literature points to the use of atypical antipsychotics. This case describes a 58-year-old male with major neurocognitive disorder due to TBI with behavioral disturbance that was successfully treated with paliperidone palmitate. In addition to the off-label use of paliperidone, this case also explores the use of forced medication as the initial injection was given per guardian consent. After completion of a literature review, this appears to be the first case report describing the use of a long-acting antipsychotic for the treatment of TBI-related psychosis. This case suggests that paliperidone palmitate may be efficacious for psychosis following TBI; however, further study is warranted.
A meta-analysis on the effectiveness of electrolyzed water treatments in reducing foodborne pathogens on different foods

Abstract The aim of this meta-analysis was to develop an overall estimate of the pathogen reductions achieved when food products are treated with electrolyzed (EO) water. A literature search and systematic review was conducted to identify EO water intervention studies to reduce Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes on poultry, eggs, meat, fish and produce. Pathogen reduction data from the included studies were utilized in the estimation of effect sizes (mean log reductions) and heterogeneity assessment between studies (I2). Twenty-seven studies (294 observations) were obtained and the sanitizers identified as controls were water and sodium hypochlorite. Summary effects of 0.66, 1.12, 1.15, 2.41, 4.45 and 5.34 log reductions were estimated for EO water treatments on poultry, fish, meats, lettuce, eggs and tomatoes, respectively. Highest reductions were estimated for smooth-surfaced foods (eggs, tomatoes) while pathogen reductions were lower on muscle foods. I2 ranged between 60 and 99%, indicating high heterogeneity and necessitating the use of meta-regressions to assess the variations. Free chlorine concentration (FCC), time and temperature were significant variables (p
Abstract 1128: Depressive Symptoms After Cardiac Surgery: The Disappearing Act

In patients after cardiac surgery (CS) depressive symptoms have been reported to be common and severe. This study’s aim was to assess current prevalence and severity of depressive symptoms and determine the rate of clinical depression after CS. Methods: We studied 559 CS patients (67±10 years, 30% female, 29% valve surgery/71% bypass, 80% on statins, 12% on antidepressants[ATD]). Inclusions were: Mini-Mental Status Exam > 24 and no other major psychiatric disorders by Structured Clinical Interview for DSM [SCID]. At hospital discharge (T1) and 4 – 6 weeks later (T2), patients completed the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). If either T1 or T2 BDI was > 10 (showing clinical symptoms) and patients had H/O depression, a SCID was conducted by a trained researcher to determine clinical depression. The BDI-cognitive/affective subscale (BDI-CA) was calculated to remove somatic symptoms; a cutoff of > 3 was used to indicate clinical symptoms. Results: At T1, mean BDI and BDI-CA scores were 7.2±5.0 and 2.7±1.06, respectively. At T2 (n=318), they were 7±5.0 and 2.3±1.0, respectively. The 75 th percentiles for BDI-CA scores were 4 and 2.5, respectively (Figure). Of 115 patients who agreed to a SCID, 51 (9.1% of all patients) had clinical depression. Compared to patients without CA symptoms, those with BDI-CA scores > 3 tended to have lower statin use (71.9% vs. 81.7%, p=.09) but higher ATD use (11.8% vs. 4.9%, p=.07). Conclusions: The prevalence and severity of depressive symptoms and clinical depression after CS are lower now than reported previously. To explain the reduction in depression after CS, examination of changes in postop management, including the use of statins and ATDs, is warranted.
Some Fundamental Concepts and Techniques Useful in Small-Angle Scattering Studies of Disordered Solids

Some concepts important for the analysis of small-angle x-ray and neutron scattering data are reviewed. After the scattering cross sections are discussed, some procedures for calculating the scattered intensity are described. Special attention is devoted to the evaluation of the correlation function of a scatterer, and some important properties of this function are pointed out. Approximate expressions for the scattered intensity for qξ ≪ 1 and qξ ≫ 1 are developed from the general equations for the scattered intensity. [Here ξ is the diameter of the scatterer; q = 4πλ−1sin(θ/2);λ is the scattered wavelength; and θ is the scattering angle.] These concepts and results are applied in a review of some small-angle scattering studies of fractals and disordered solids.
Anatomy of the Book Canyon conglomerate: a sequence boundary at the top of the Bear Gulch Limestone in the Big Snowy Trough

The Serpukhovian Book Canyon Conglomerate is an unpublished limestone conglomerate contained within the Tyler Formation in central Montana. It overlies and contains clasts of the Bear Gulch Limestone, a plattenkalk deposit yielding amazing paleontological detail. The Book Canyon Conglomerate is up to 2 m thick, markedly lensoid, and laterally discontinuous in its outcrop for a distance of 2 km but likely extends beyond the study area. Well logs and cores indicate its presence in the subsurface between the underlying Bear Gulch Limestone (Serpukhovian) and overlying Tyler Formation (Serpukhovian–Morrowan). This conglomerate provides new information regarding the transition of the marine-dominated Bear Gulch Limestone to the overlying Tyler Formation. The Book Canyon Conglomerate is dominantly clast-supported and includes sedimentary structures including pebble and cobble imbrication, tangential cross-stratification, and an overall upward-fining character. The basal surface of the conglomerate is sharp and irregular where the top of the underlying Bear Gulch Limestone has been erosionally removed. The Book Canyon Conglomerate is therefore interpreted as a fluvial channel deposit formed on a surface of subaerial exposure at the top of the Bear Gulch Limestone. In areas where the conglomerate is thin or absent, the top of the Bear Gulch Limestone is interpreted as a paleosol developed in a semi-arid climate where it is preserved between channel incisions of the Book Canyon Conglomerate. The paleosol contains microcrystalline silica cement and limestone clasts that have weathered to a black color. Freshwater exposure and channelized fluvial erosion early in the post-depositional history of the Bear Gulch Limestone explain variations in the contacts between units. These variations contribute to the debate concerning stratigraphic relationships. Further analysis of unconformities and fauna at the base and top of the unit clarifies the Bear Gulch Limestone’s position in time, and its relationship to the Heath and Tyler Formations.
A new computational drug repurposing method using established disease-drug pair knowledge.

Motivation Drug repurposing is a potential alternative to the classical drug discovery pipeline. Repurposing involves finding novel indications for already approved drugs. In this work, we present a novel machine learning-based method for drug repurposing. This method explores the anti-similarity between drugs and a disease to uncover new uses for the drugs. More specifically, our proposed method takes into account three sources of information: (i) large-scale gene expression profiles corresponding to human cell lines treated with small molecules, (ii) gene expression profile of a human disease and (iii) the known relationship between Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs and diseases. Using these data, our proposed method learns a similarity metric through a supervised machine learning-based algorithm such that a disease and its associated FDA-approved drugs have smaller distance than the other disease-drug pairs. Results We validated our framework by showing that the proposed method incorporating distance metric learning technique can retrieve FDA-approved drugs for their approved indications. Once validated, we used our approach to identify a few strong candidates for repurposing. Availability and implementation The R scripts are available on demand from the authors. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Enantiomer of the novel flexible heteroarotinoid, SL-1-09, blocks cell cycle progression in breast cancer cells.

Abstract Flexible heteroarotinoids (Flex-Hets) are compounds with promising anti-cancer activities. SHetA2, a first-generation Flex-Het, has been shown to inhibit the growth of cervical, head and neck, kidney, lung, ovarian, prostate, and breast cancers. However, SHetA2's high lipophilicity, limited selectivity, low oral bioavailability, and complicated synthesis has led to the development of second-generation compounds, such as 1-(1-(naphthalen-1-yl)ethyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl) thiourea or SL-1-09. Results from our lab show that SL-1-09 exhibits anti-cancer activities against ERα+ and ERα- breast cancer cells at micromolar concentrations. SL-1-09 is a mixture of two enantiomers, R and S. The objective of this study was to further analyze these enantiomers to determine their individual anti-cancer activities. Cell cycle analysis demonstrated that the percentage of cells in S-phase is reduced significantly when breast cancer cell lines MCF-7, T47D and MDA-MB-453 cells are treated with 5.0 μM of the S enantiomer. Consistent with this finding, treatment of these cells with the S enantiomer resulted in lower expression levels of cell cycle proteins. Overall, our data indicate that the S enantiomer shows greater growth inhibitory effects than the R form against ERα+ (MCF7 and T47D) and ERα- (MDA-MB-453) breast cancer cells, suggesting that the activity observed in SL-1-09 is most likely due to the ability of the S enantiomer to block cell cycle progression.
Pigmented Vitreous Cyst

Intraocular cysts can be seen in both anterior and posterior segments. Originally described in 1899, these cysts are seen with retinitis pigmentosa, uveitis, or chorioretinal atrophy. Many investigators consider the cysts to be congenital in origin, but they may also result from trauma. The pigmented ciliary epithelium may be the source of the cysts.
Education and Professional Development in Rheumatology: Translating Quality Improvement and Education to Clinical Practice

Academic institutions play an essential role in providing physicians with the necessary skills needed to improve the quality and value of care provided. The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education has several milestones in the curriculum of fellowship programs that prioritize involvement in quality improvement (QI) and patient safety efforts. This article reviews the unique benefits and challenges of involving and teaching fellows to conduct QI initiatives. Strategies and resources available to overcome these challenges and develop a successful quality driven training environment are outlined in this article.
ERBB Expression in Philadelphia Chromosome-Positive ALL as a Potential Therapeutic Target.

Philadelphia chromosome-positive ALL (Ph+ALL) strikes older children and adults, is difficult to treat and often has poor outcomes with conventional therapies. Tremendous advances have been made in other cancers through identification of essential signaling molecules that can be inhibited by small molecule medicines. ERBB proteins are such targets for several adult carcinomas, including breast and lung cancer. Expression of one member of the ERBB family, Her-2, is associated with chemotherapy resistance in one report of adult B-ALL. We examined the expression, activation status and contribution to growth and survival of ERBB receptors in Ph+ALL cell lines Z33, Z119 and Z181. Phosphorylated Her-2 was detected by western blot in all 3 lines, as was trace amounts of Her-3. Western-blot identified expression of the p80 form of Her-4 in Z119, which correlated with flow cytometry assessment of Her-4. Expression in Z33 of EGFR, detected by western blot, correlated with down-regulation of both EGFR and Her-2 from the cell surface, as assessed by flow cytometry. Internalization of EGFR homo- and hetero-dimers is associated with receptor phosphorylation and active signaling. To assess the physiologic importance of ERBB signaling in Ph+ALL, cells were cultured in the pan-ERBB inhibitor CI-1033 (Pfizer Global Research and Development), which is specific for ERBB family receptors in tissue culture up to 20 μM concentrations. All lines demonstrated reduced cell yield after CI-1033 exposure, with average IC50 of 0.783 for Z119, 1.178 for Z181 and 1.737 for Z33. The increased sensitivity of Z119 to CI-1033 correlated with an increased rate of apoptosis: 3 μM CI-1033 caused a 26% increase in the fraction of sub-diploid Z119 cells at 24 hours, compared to 13% for Z181 and 16% for Z33. Higher sensitivity to ERBB inhibition also correlated with growth factor resistance, since Z33 and Z181 are dependent upon autocrine GM-CSF for growth while Z119 grows independent of known autocrine secretion of hematopoietic growth factors. These data suggest that Ph+ALL cells may acquire GM-CSF independence by relying more on ERBB-derived signals, since these receptors are capable of activating similar second messenger pathways. Our data suggest that, surprisingly, the ERBB family of receptor tyrosine kinases are intact and functioning in Ph+ALL, and inhibition of these signals may provide benefit to Ph+ALL patients, either in combination with imatinib or in patients who develop imatinib resistance.
American Culture: A Sociological Perspectives

The culture of the United States of America is primarily of Western origin but is influenced by a multicultural ethos that includes African, Native American, Asian, Pacific Island, and Latin American people and their cultures. American culture encompasses the customs and traditions of the United States. The United States is sometimes described as a "melting pot" in which different cultures have contributed their own distinct "flavors" to American culture. The United States of America is a North American nation that is the world's most dominant economic and military power. Likewise, its cultural imprint spans the world, led in large part by its popular culture expressed in music, movies and television. The culture of the United States of America is primarily of Western culture (European) origin and form but is influenced by a multicultural ethos that includes African, Native American, Asian, Polynesian, and Latin American people and their cultures. The American way of life or simply the American way is the unique lifestyle of the people of the United States of America. It refers to a nationalist ethos that adheres to the principle of life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.
Tracking Hydronium/Water Stretches in Magic H3O+(H2O)20 Clusters through High-level Quantum VSCF/VCI Calculations.

The excess proton embedded in a three-dimensional cage structure of water molecules gives essential insight into its role in water and the water–air interface. Efforts in terms of the structural an...
Self-navigation for 3D multishot EPI with data-reference.

Purpose In this study, we sought to develop a self-navigation strategy for improving the reconstruction of diffusion weighted 3D multishot echo planar imaging (EPI). We propose a method for extracting the phase correction information from the acquisition itself, eliminating the need for a 2D navigator, further accelerating the acquisition. Methods In-vivo acquisitions at 3T with 0.9 mm and 1.5 mm isotropic resolutions were used to evaluate the performance of the self-navigation strategy. Sensitivity to motion was tested using a large difference in pitch position of the head. Using a multishell diffusion weighted acquisition, tractography results were obtained at (0.9 mm)3 to validate the quality with conventional acquisition. Results The use of 3D multislab EPI with self-navigation enables 3D diffusion-weighted spin echo EPI acquisitions that have the same efficiency as 2D single-shot acquisition. For matched acquisition time the image signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) between 3D and 2D acquisition is shown to be comparable for whole-brain coverage with (1.5 mm)3 resolution and for (0.9 mm)3 resolution the 3D acquisition has higher SNR than what can be obtained with 2D acquisitions using current state-of-art multiband techniques. The self-navigation technique was shown to be stable under inter-volume motion. In tractography analysis, the higher resolution afforded by our technique enabled clear delineation of the tapetum and posterior corona radiata. Conclusion The proposed self-navigation approach utilized a self-consistent phase in 3D diffusion weighted acquisitions. Its efficiency and stability were demonstrated for a plurality of common acquisitions. The proposed self-navigation approach allows for faster acquisition of 3D multishot EPI desirable for large field of view and/or higher resolution.
Amplitude Based Beam Steering

Traditional methods of beam steering of antennas have used phase as the primary variable. The intent of this research work is to revisit the idea of using amplitude rather than phase or mechanical motion to steer the beam and explore it as a possibility for some of today's needs. An overview of the concept along with simulation results are presented here. A comparison is made with a normal array steered with phase shifters and the results are presented. Further this method ensures higher interference tolerance from the individual antennas while maintaining comparable Gain.
Neurotoxicity of sub-anesthetic doses of sevoflurane and dexmedetomidine co-administration in neonatal rats.

Abstract Background : Preclinical studies suggest that exposures of infant animals to general anesthetics cause acute neurotoxicity and affect their neurobehavioral development representing a potential risk to human infants undergoing anesthesia. Alternative or mitigating strategies to counteract such adverse effects are desirable. Dexmedetomidine (DEX) is a clinically established sedative with potential neuroprotective properties. DEX ameliorates experimental brain injury as well as neurotoxicity caused by anesthetic doses of sevoflurane (SEVO) or other general anesthetics in infant animals. However, it is unknown whether DEX also is beneficial when given together with lower doses of these drugs. Here we tested the hypothesis that DEX co-administration with a sub-anesthetic dose of SEVO reduces responsiveness to external stimuli while also protecting against SEVO-induced brain cell apoptosis. Method : Rats were exposed on postnatal day 7 for 6 h to SEVO 1.1, 1.8, or 2.5% and were given intraperitoneal injections of saline or DEX at different doses (1−25 μg/kg) three times during the exposure. Responsiveness to external stimuli, respiratory rates, and blood gases were assessed. Apoptosis was determined in cortical and subcortical brain areas by activated caspase-3 immunohistochemistry. Results : Rats exposed to SEVO 1.1% alone were sedated but still responsive to external stimuli whereas those exposed to SEVO 1.8% reached complete unresponsiveness. SEVO-induced brain cell apoptosis increased dose-dependently, with SEVO 1.1% causing a small increase in apoptosis above that in controls. Co-administration of DEX at 1 μg/kg did not alter the responsiveness to stimuli nor the apoptosis induced by SEVO 1.1%. In contrast, co-administration of DEX at 5 μg/kg or higher with SEVO 1.1% reduced responsiveness but potentiated apoptosis. Conclusions : In the neonatal rat model, co-administration of a clinically relevant dose of DEX (1 μg/kg) with a sub-anesthetic dose of SEVO (1.1%) does not affect the neurotoxicity of the anesthetic while co-administration of higher doses of DEX with SEVO 1.1% potentiates it.
Meron, skyrmion, and vortex crystals in centrosymmetric tetragonal magnets

The recent experimental confirmation of a transformation between meron and skyrmion topological spin textures in the chiral magnet ${\mathrm{Co}}_{8}{\mathrm{Zn}}_{9}{\mathrm{Mn}}_{3}$ [S.-Z. Lin et al., Phys. Rev. B 91, 224407 (2015); X. Z. Yu et al., Nature 564, 95 (2018)] confirms that the skyrmion crystals discovered in 2009 [S. M\"uhlbauer et al., Science 323, 915 (2009)] are just the tip of the iceberg. Crystals of topological textures, including skyrmions, merons, vortices, and monopoles, can be stabilized by combining simple physical ingredients, such as lattice symmetry, frustration, and spin anisotropy. The current challenge is to find the combinations of these ingredients that produce specific topological spin textures. Here we report a simple mechanism for the stabilization of meron, skyrmion, and vortex crystals in centrosymmetric tetragonal magnets. In particular, the meron/skyrmion crystals can form even in absence of magnetic field. The application of magnetic field leads to a rich variety of topological spin textures that survive in the long wavelength limit of the theory. When conduction electrons are coupled to the spins, these topological spin textures twist the electronic wave functions to induce Chern insulators and Weyl semimetals for specific band filling fractions.
A 20 m wide-field diffraction-limited telescope.

A 20 m space telescope is described with an unvignetted 1 field of viewa hundred times larger in area than fields of existing space telescopes. Its diffraction-limited images are a hundred times sh...
Relation of chair rising ability to activities of daily living and physical activity in Parkinson's disease.

Many persons living with Parkinson’s disease (PD) have difficulty rising from a chair. Impaired ability to perform the chair rise may be associated with low physical activity levels and reduced ability to perform activities of daily living (ADL). Cross-sectional analysis was performed in 88 persons with PD to study the association of chair rising ability with ADL and physical activity. We found that the participants who pushed themselves up from the chair had more severe PD, higher motor impairment and more comorbidity than those who rose from a chair normally. The Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale ADL (UPDRS-ADL), Schwab and England Activities of Daily Living Scale (SE-ADL) and the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) scores for the participants who pushed themselves up to rise (17.20 ± 7.53; 76.67 ± 13.23; 46.18 ± 52.64, respectively) were significantly poorer than for those who rose normally (10.35 ± 3.79; 87.64 ± 8.30; 112.90 ± 61.40, respectively) (all p < .05). Additionally, PASE scores were significantly poorer for participants who pushed themselves up to rise compared to those who rose slowly (95.21 ± 60.27) (p < .01). Pushing up to rise from a chair was a significant predictor of UPDRS-ADL (β = .357; p < .001; R2 = .403), SE-ADL (β = −.266; p = .009; R2 = .257) and PASE (β = −.250; p = .016; R2 = .162). Ability to rise from a chair was associated with ADL limitation and physical activity in persons with PD. Poor ability to rise from a chair may prevent persons from living independently and engaging in physical activity.
Identity Theft: A Review of Critical Issues

Identity theft is a serious crime growing rapidly due to the ever-tighter integration of technology into people’s lives. The psychological and financial loss to individual victims is devastating, and its costs to society at large staggering. In order to better understand the problem and to combat the crime more effectively, a comprehensive review of issues related to identity theft is performed in this paper. The human element of the crime is examined, along with the exploits used by perpetrators and countermeasures that have been developed. The findings highlight areas in need of continued research and guidelines that should benefit individuals and organizations in their pursuit of potential solutions.
Isogonal piecewise linear embeddings of 1-periodic weaves and some related structures

Crystallographic descriptions of isogonal piecewise linear embeddings of 1-periodic weaves and links (chains) are presented. These are composed of straight segments (sticks) that meet at corners (2-valent vertices). Descriptions are also given of some plaits - woven periodic bands, three simple periodic knots and isogonal interwoven rods.
Role of Intravenous Lidocaine Infusion in the Treatment of Peripheral Neuropathy.

# Purpose of Review This is a comprehensive review of the literature regarding intravenous lidocaine infusion to treat peripheral neuropathy. The clinical symptoms of peripheral neuropathy occur on a broad spectrum and stem from many etiologies resulting in complex treatment approaches. This review presents the background, evidence, and indications for the use of intravenous lidocaine infusions as a treatment option for this condition. # Recent Findings The clinical range of peripheral neuropathy symptoms includes pain, numbness, muscle weakness, paresthesia, balance difficulty, and autonomic dysfunction. However, severe neuropathic pain remains one of the most debilitating symptoms that significantly affects the quality of life. Current treatment options include antidepressants, anticonvulsants, and, in some cases, opiates, but these are often ineffective, creating the need for other therapeutic approaches. The pathophysiology of neuropathic pain involves sodium channels which create abnormal pain responses. Intravenous lidocaine primarily functions by inhibiting membrane sodium channels which desensitize peripheral nociceptors, thus creating an analgesic effect. The research in using intravenous lidocaine for neuropathic pain is not fully complete and requires further evaluation. # Summary Peripheral neuropathy is a manifestation commonly resulting from diabetes, alcohol abuse, vitamin deficiencies, and chemotherapy, among other causes. One of the most significant complications is neuropathic pain which is often resistant to multi-modal therapeutic regimens. Intravenous lidocaine infusions are a newer treatment option for neuropathic pain, which have additional anti-inflammatory effects with a minimal side effect profile. Studies have concluded it effectively treats neuropathic pain for weeks after administration, but results are variable depending on specific procedures. Further research, including additional direct comparison studies, should be conducted to fully evaluate this drug's usefulness.
Continuous Eligibility for Medicaid Associated With Improved Child Health Outcomes.

Fluctuating insurance coverage, or churning, is a recognized barrier to health care access. We assessed whether state policies that allow children to remain covered in Medicaid for a 12-month perio...
Comparison of Outpatient vs Inpatient Anatomic Total Shoulder Arthroplasty: A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis of 20,035 Procedures

Abstract Background As the proportion of anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty (aTSA) operations performed at outpatient surgical sites continue to increase, it is important to evaluate the clinical implications of this evolution in care. Methods Patients who underwent TSA for glenohumeral osteoarthritis from 2007 to 2019 were identified in the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) registry. Demographic data and 30-day outcomes were collected, and patients were separated into inpatient and outpatient (defined as same day discharge) groups. To control for confounding variables, a propensity score-matching algorithm was utilized. Outcomes included 30-day adverse events, readmission, and operative time. Results A total of 20,035 patients who underwent aTSA between 2007-2019 were identified: 18,707 inpatient aTSAs and 1,328 outpatient aTSAs. Upon matching, there were no significant differences in patient characteristics between inpatient and outpatient cohorts. Patients who underwent outpatient aTSA were less likely to experience a serious adverse event when compared to their matched inpatient aTSA counterparts (outpatient: 1.1% vs. inpatient: 2.1%, p=0.03). Outpatient aTSA was associated with similar rates of all specific individual complications and readmissions (1.5% vs. 1.9%, p=0.31). Conclusion When compared to a propensity score-matched cohort of inpatient counterparts, the current study found outpatient aTSA was associated with significantly reduced severe adverse events and similar readmission rates. These findings support the growing use of outpatient aTSA in appropriately selected patients.
III. Zwei Freiheitsgrade

Im vorhergehenden Kapitel wurden die Schwingungen eines Systems mit einem Freiheitsgrad besprochen. Es gibt zwar in Wirklichkeit kaum Systeme, die den angenommenen Vereinfachungen vollig entsprechen, dennoch wird eine Anzahl von wirklichen Fallen so gut durch das idealisierte System wiedergegeben, das praktisch wichtige Erscheinungen daran untersucht werden konnten. Die Berechnung des Systems mit einem Freiheitsgrad erklart die Resonanzerscheinungen in vielen Maschinen und die Arbeitsweise der meisten Schwingungsmesser, sie vermittelt die Berechnung der Eigenfrequenzen einer Anzahl von Anordnungen und eine Einsicht in die Wirkung federnder Aufhangung und in die Schwingungsleitfahigkeit.
Communication and sexual desire

Publisher Summary Sexual desire is a multifaceted construct, experienced as a unitary subjective state, but varying in intensity and quality as a result of the interaction of intrapsychic, interpersonal, and situational influences. This chapter discusses two prominent approaches: (1) the biological or reproductive perspective, and (2) the relational perspective. The former is characterized by an orientation to sexual desire as a biological drive with a corresponding view of emotion as a finite set of innate, primary affects that function both as signals to coordinate sexual behavior and as response patterns that promote pair bonding. The latter perspective is characterized by a view of sexual desire as a subjective psychological state influenced as much by interpersonal and social influences as by perceptions of physiological arousal. People may engage in sexual activity for a number of reasons other than for the satiation of their own desire. They may do so to avoid rejecting their partner's advances and hurting their partner's feelings, to prove that they care for their partner and find him or her attractive, to assure themselves of their own virility or attractiveness, or to conceive an offspring. Conversely, the absence of sexual activity does not necessarily reflect a lack of sexual desire, even among romantically involved couples.
An Aircraft Separation Algorithm with Feedback and Perturbation

A separation algorithm is a set of rules that tell aircraft how to maneuver in order to maintain a minimum distance between them. This paper investigates demonstrating that separation algorithms satisfy the FAA requirement for the occurrence of incidents by means of simulation. Any demonstration that a separation algorithm, or any other aspect of flight, satisfies the FAA requirement is a challenge because of the stringent nature of the requirement and the complexity of airspace operations. The paper begins with a probability and statistical analysis of both the FAA requirement and demonstrating meeting it by a Monte Carlo approach. It considers the geometry of maintaining separation when one plane must change its flight path. It then develops a simple feedback control law that guides the planes on their paths. The presence of feedback control permits the introduction of perturbations, and the stochastic nature of the chosen perturbation is examined. The simulation program is described. This paper is an early effort in the realistic demonstration of a stringent requirement. Much remains to be done.