cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Vitamin A and Carotenoid Data in Food Composition Tables

Vitamin A and carotenoid data in food composition tables have been generated with the use of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists procedures. These procedures fractionate complex mixtures of retinoids and carotenoids into only three fractions, e.g., retinoids, carotenes, and xanthophylls. Food tables lack uniformity in the presentation of vitamin A and carotenoid data. For example, the revisions of Agriculture Handbook, No. 8 (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Govt Print Off, 1963), report both international units and retinol equivalents of vitamin A in foods. Food tables published in the United Kingdom (Paul AA, Southgate DA. McCance and Widdowson's: The composition of foods. Amsterdam: Elsevier/North-Holland, 1978) report preformed vitamin A as retinol and carotenoids as carotene on a weight basis (micrograms/100 g food). The vitamin A and carotenoid data currently available in food composition tables allow only the intake of total vitamin A activity to be estimated. Information about the intake of specific species of retinoids or carotenoids is not available and could not be calculated from existing food tables. Limited applications of new separation techniques and chemical instrumentation have demonstrated the potential for generating detailed analytic information in regard to the retinoid and carotenoid contents of foods.
Teacher Mentoring as a Community Effort

This article presents the findings from a study of a mentoring program for novice mathematics and science teachers, which was provided by their teacher education program. This study reports the findings of interviews with novice math and science teachers, their mentors, and the mentoring program administrators to explore stakeholder perceptions of mentoring support. Findings suggest the importance of using multiple mentoring strategies to develop, support, and retain high-quality math and science teachers in the teaching profession. This study contributes to what is known about the role that teacher education programs may play in mentoring novice math and science teachers who have graduated from their programs.
Genomic imprinting defect in Zfp57 mutant iPS cell lines

ZFP57 maintains genomic imprinting in mouse embryos and ES cells. To test its roles during iPS reprogramming,we derived iPS clones by utilizing retroviral infection to express reprogramming factors in mouse MEF cells. After analyzing four imprinted regions, we found that parentally derived DNA methylation imprint was largely maintained in the iPS clones with Zfp57 but missing in those without maternal or zygotic Zfp57. Intriguingly, DNA methylation imprint was lost at the Peg1 and Peg3 but retained at the Snrpn and Dlk1-Dio3 imprinted regions in the iPS clones without zygotic Zfp57. This finding will be pursued in future studies.
Not Hoovervilles, but Hooch: Gertrude Chandler Warner's "The Boxcar Children" and the Roaring Twenties.

This essay provides much-needed critical attention and historical context to the long-neglected 1924 edition of Gertrude Chandler Warner’s The Box-Car Children. Commonly overshadowed by its more recent and more popular 1942 version—known as The Boxcar Children—this earlier edition calls attention to the original cultural context of Warner’s classic text. Initially written in and for a different era, The Box-Car Children invites a reconsideration of the book’s aim, intent, and original audience. While the narrative is now routinely viewed through the lens of the Great Depression, it was actually a product of the Jazz Age. This alternative historical backdrop alters the socio-political issues that were bearing upon The Box-Car Children while it was being written and, as a consequence, with which it was originally engaging. An awareness of the role that these topics play in the conception and construction of Warner’s classic American story changes the way we view, discuss, and teach the text.
New clinopyroxene-liquid thermobarometers for mafic, evolved, and volatile-bearing lava compositions, with applications to lavas from Tibet and the Snake River Plain, Idaho

Our ability to calculate the depths and temperatures at which magmas partially crystallize can prove crucial as petrologists test hypotheses of magma transport and evolution. Yet whereas numerous magma transport arguments involve hydrous and SiO2-rich volcanic products, current clinopyroxene-liquid thermobarometers have been calibrated only from basaltic liquid compositions. To remedy this deficiency, new thermobarometers have been calibrated using new experiments that include hydrated (water-undersaturated) and SiO2-rich liquids ranging to 71.3 wt% SiO2. As with prior models, the new calibrations are based on jadeite crystallization and jadeite-diopside + hedenbergite exchange equilibria: ![Formula][1] ![Formula][2] Here, T is in Kelvins and P is in kbar. Jdcpx is the mole fraction of jadeite in clinopyroxene, where pyroxene cations are calculated on the basis of 6 O atoms, and Jd is the lesser of Na or VIAl; remaining Al is used to form CaTs. DiHdcpx is the mole fraction of diopside + hedenbergite in clinopyroxene, calculated as the fraction of Ca remaining after forming CaTs (= VIAl – Jd), CaTiAl2O6 [= (IVAl – CaTs)/2], and CaCr2SiO6 (=Cr/2). Terms such as Alliq refer to the cation fraction of AlO1.5 in the liquid, Fmliq is the sum FeOliq + MgOliq, and Mg′liq is the cation fraction ratio MgOliq/(MgOliq + FeOliq). Errors are similar to earlier models that utilize basalt compositions only. For the barometer, R 2 = 0.97 and the standard error of estimate (SEE) is 1.7 kbar for the regression data; for the thermometer R 2 = 0.96 and the SEE is 33 K. The models are applied to Neogene lavas from the Tibetan Plateau, and Neogene-Quternary lavas from the eastern Snake River Plain (SRP), Idaho. Crystallization depths for Tibet cluster at the middle/lower crust boundary. Magma-crust density relationships suggest that the middle crust may act as a level of neutral buoyancy. In the SRP, however, magmas appear to bypass several possible density traps. We suggest that fracture properties, such as dike size and aspect ratio, control magma transport in the SRP. [1]: /embed/tex-math-1.gif [2]: /embed/tex-math-2.gif
A QUANTITATIVE COMPARISON OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PUBLIC AND PRIVATE REFUGEE RESETTLEMENT PROGRAMS: AN EVALUATION OF THE SAN DIEGO WILSON FISH DEMONSTRATION PROJECT

This article reports the results of a quantitative evaluation of San Diego County's Catholic Charities' Wilson Fish Demonstration Project (WF). The WF Project was compared to San Diego County's Dep...
WHY DO FIRMS FRANCHISE? A TEST OF TWO THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES

ABSTRACT This study examined the relationship between selected franchise system characteristics and the proportion of franchisee-owned units in 743 franchise systems in North America. Hypotheses based on two prominent theories of franchising, agency-relations theory and capital resource theory were tested empirically. Findings from this study appear to provide support for the agency-relations theory offranchising. These results propose that the tradeoff between the benefits of employee monitoring and agency costs serves an important function in the decision to franchise. Also, results are suggestive of a “life cycle” of franchising.
Defined Medium for Crown Gall Cells of Tobacco in Suspension Culture

The nutritional requirements of tobacco crown gall cells (auxin non-requiring cells) in suspension culture were investigated. In the basal medium (Murashige-Skoog inorganic medium), the crown gall cells did not disperse into suspension, growing in various sizes of firm cubic masses of cell aggregates. Individual components of yeast extract which is very effective for both cell growth and dispersion, were added to the basal medium and their effects on cell growth and dispersion were examined. Thiamine was effective for cell dispersion, and myo-inositol and nicotinic acid remarkably promoted cell growth. In the basal medium supplemented with these three components, the crown gall tissue grew rapidly being dispersed into a good suspension. An increase of inorganic phosphate in the medium was also very effective for cell growth.
Survey on health status and utilization of health-care service in floating population of Fengtai District, Beijing

Objective To study health status and utilization of health-care service in floating population of Fengtai District, Beijing.Methods Totally, 425 migrant people were selected in Fengtai District with random sampling for questionnaire survey.Results There were 21.2 percent of floating population surveyed who thought their health status was worse than that they were at hometown. Their two-week prevalence of disease was 124.7 per thousand, and 37.6 percent of them would buy some medicine for themselves when they fell ill rather than go to see a medical doctor. Hospitalization rate of them was 2.4 percent in the past year and more proportion of pregnant women in floating population gave birth to their babies at home in Beijing rather than in hospitals.Conclusions Health status of floating population in Fengtai District was not good enough, their utilization of health-care service was relatively lower, and level of women health-care was lower in them, too.
RAPID SOLIDIFICATION OF UNDERCOOLED NICKEL-TIN EUTECTIC ALLOY

Bulk undercooled Ni-32.5 wt-%Sn melt was obtained by purifying themelt.The solidification process of the undercooled melt was studied.The formation of thevarious kinds of structures was analyzed.It is found that regular eutectic structure isformed if the melt is undercooled by less than 10K.If the melt is highly undercooled,thefree growth rate of Ni_3Sn dendrites will be greatly larger than that of Ni(α)dendrites,as areasult,the melt does not solidify in regular eutectic morphology but in dendrite clustersmorphology with Ni_3Sn phase acting as the leading phase.The dendrite clusters then devel-op into anomalous eutectic structures through remelting and coarsening of Ni_3Sn dendritesand nucleating and growing of Ni(α)phase within the Ni_3Sn arms.If the undercooling ofthe melt is below 130K,there will still exist bulk melt of the original compositionNi-32.5wt-%Sn between the dendrite clusters after recalescence,which solidifies into regu-lar eutectic structure afterwards.Therefore,the structures of the sample are composed ofregular eutectic zones and anomalous eutectic zones.
Transitions in Polyamorous Identity and Intercultural Communication: An Application of Identity Management Theory

ABSTRACTThis study examines the communicative strategies and nonmonogamous identity formation of individuals who are polyamorous. We investigate the identity management tactics that individuals who are polyamorous utilize to navigate a society in which monogamy and monosexuality are the norm. Interactions of individuals who are polyamorous within a mononormative society are treated as a type of intercultural communication due to the contrasting cultural identities and communication rules. E-interviews with 38 individuals who are polyamorous provided basis for phone and Skype interviews. Twenty-two interviews produced the phases of identity management, including trial and error, enmeshment (mixing up), and renegotiation. Analyzing interviewees’ communication also produced the themes of managing stigma and impressions of the relationship identity. Implications of the study include a richer understanding of polyamorous identity management, polyamory as a relationship orientation, and a new perspective in app...
A dual-process model of older adults’ sedentary behavior

Objective: This 14-day daily diary study tested a dual-process model of motivation to determine the between-person (time-invariant) and within-person (time-varying) processes associated with older adults’ daily sedentary behavior. This model integrated the health action process approach (HAPA) with research on habit strength. Method: Older adults (n = 100) answered questions regarding their motivation and behavior at the beginning and end of each day, respectively. Participants also wore ActivPAL3 activity monitors for the duration of the study. Results: Multilevel models predicting behavior revealed that sedentary behavior was (a) negatively associated with planning to reduce sedentary behavior at the within-person (but not the between-person) level, and (b) positively associated with sedentary behavior habit strength. Plans to limit sedentary behavior were (a) positively associated with task self-efficacy at the within-person level, but (b) negatively associated at the between-person level, and (c) positively associated with intentions at the between- and within-person level. Intentions to limit sedentary behavior were (a) positively associated with task self-efficacy at the between and within-person level, but (b) not associated with light-intensity physical activity outcome expectations, sedentary behavior risk perceptions, or sedentary behavior habit strength. Conclusions: This study was the first to systematically investigate a combination of controlled and automatic processes that are associated with daily fluctuations in older adults’ sedentary behavior. Interventions aiming to reduce sedentary behavior in older adults should target the motivational constructs identified in this study to provide the best chance for behavior change.
Quantum Groups: An Introduction and Survey for Ring Theorists

This article describes recent work on new classes of non-commutative algebras which have been dubbed quantum algebras, quantum groups, and quantized enveloping algebras. The basic ring theoretic properties are described, and a number of questions and problems are raised.
Social Choice and Policy Formulation: Problems and Considerations in the Construction of the Public Interest

The need for and adoption of certain social policies for the nation are frequently rationalized by their advocates as being in the public interest. Often, though, the interest of the many merely disguises the special interests and wants of the few. It is obvious that the social choices made in the policy process only rarely benefit the interests of all without being adversely consequential to some. This paper argues that the problem of social choice in the conflictual process of policy making is as much a conceptual dilemma as a practical political or economic one. A major source of this confusion derives from the lack of a consensually valid conceptualization of the public interest-how it is defined, measured, advanced and operationalized in public policy. An analytical framework is used to define and assess the nature of the public interest and the conditions which must prevail if any social policy can be said to be in the public interest. According to Kenneth Arrow (1951), as articulated in his "impossible theorem," it appears impossible to translate the will (or opinion) of the public (masses) into a coherent public policy which is consistent with the expressed preferences of all individuals constituting a social aggregate. The technical difficulty in welfare economics is one of developing a formula for aggregating individual utility functions with regard to alternative states of society into corresponding collective (social) preferences such that the application of this formula always yields "determinate" (transitive) social preferences that satisfy "minimal" and "reasonable" requirements of democracy. Arrow began his historic work by elucidating his assumptions regarding individual behavior in decision-making. It becomes eminently
Speeding up Convolutional Neural Network Training with Dynamic Precision Scaling and Flexible Multiplier-Accumulator

Training convolutional neural network is a major bottleneck when developing a new neural network topology. This paper presents a dynamic precision scaling (DPS) algorithm and flexible multiplier-accumulator (MAC) to speed up convolutional neural network training. The DPS algorithm utilizes dynamic fixed point and finds good enough numerical precision for target network while training. The precision information from DPS is used to configure our proposed MAC. The proposed MAC can perform fixed point computation with variable precision mode providing differentiated computation time which enables speeding up training for lower precision computation. Simulation results show that our work can achieve 5.7x speed-up while consuming 31% energy compared to baseline for modified Alexnet on Flickr image style recognition task.
NFLUX Satellite-Based Surface Radiative Heat Fluxes. Part II: Gridded Products

AbstractThe Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) ocean surface flux (NFLUX) system provides near-real-time satellite-based gridded surface heat flux fields over the global ocean within hours of the observed satellite measurements. NFLUX can serve as an alternative to current numerical weather prediction models—in particular, the U. S. Navy Global Environmental Model (NAVGEM)—that provide surface forcing fields to operational ocean models. This study discusses the satellite-based shortwave and longwave global gridded analysis fields, which complete the full suite of NFLUX-provided ocean surface heat fluxes. A companion paper discusses the production of satellite swath-level surface shortwave radiation and longwave radiation estimates. The swath-level shortwave radiation estimates are converted into clearness-index values. Clearness index reduces the dependency on solar zenith angle, which allows for the assimilation of observations over a given time window. An automated quality-control process is applied to the...
In vivo Efficacy Studies in Cell Line and Patient-derived Xenograft Mouse Models

In vivo xenograft models derived from human cancer cells have been a gold standard for evaluating the genetic drivers of cancer and are valuable preclinical models for evaluating the efficacy of cancer therapeutics. Recently, patient-derived tumorgrafts from multiple tumor types have been developed and shown to more accurately recapitulate the molecular and histological heterogeneity of cancer. Here we detail the procedures for developing patient-derived xenograft models from breast cancer tissue, cell-based xenograft models, serial tumor transplantation, tumor measurement, and drug treatment.
Adenovirus-Mediated Gene Transfer to Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Comparison of the Cytomegalovirus- and Rous Sarcoma Virus-Promoter.

Abstract We have compared the efficacy and toxicity of the cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter and the Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) promoter for expressing genes for adenovirus-mediated gene transfer to mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Mouse MSCs (mMSCs) were isolated from the femurs and tibias of 6-week old, female BALB/c mice and ex vivo expanded in MEM-alpha containing 20% fetal bovine serum, 100 u/ml penicillin, 100 μg/ml streptomycin, 250 ng/ml amphotericin B, and 2 mM L-glutamine. To transduce mMSCs with adenovirus, the cells were plated at a density of 10,000 cells/cm2 in 6-well plates and cultured overnight. The cells were counted and then exposed to fresh culture medium containing adenovirus at 0 to 2,000 multiplicities of infection (MOI) for 48 h. Two adenoviral vectors with CMV promoter (Adv/CMV) and two adenoviral vectors with RSV promoter (Adv/RSV) were used in this study. Transduction efficiency and cell survival were then determined. The Adv/CMVs, i.e. AdvCMVlacZ and AdvCMVIL-10, were more potent in terms of transduction efficiency and transgene expression than their corresponding Adv/RSVs, i.e. AdvRSVlacZ and AdvRSVIL-10. However, both vectors exhibit a dose-dependent relationship between the adenoviral vector MOI and the percentage of transgene-expressing cells. Furthermore, no toxicity was observed in Adv/CMV or Adv/RSV transduced mMSCs.
Association and description of the male of Aplochares imitator (Smith) (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae)

The previously unknown male of Aplochares imitator (Smith), the type species of the genus, is associated with the female and described. Aplochares imitator provides another case of dual sex-limited mimicry. The coloration of the male of A. imitator is similar to that of both sexes of A. adrastes Banks, while the coloration of the female of A. imitator matches that of several species of other unrelated Hymenoptera. A key to both sexes of Aplochares is provided along with illustrations of the two species.
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor neuroprotective activities in Alzheimer's disease mice.

Abstract We investigated the effects of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) on behavioral and pathological outcomes in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and non-transgenic mice. GM-CSF treatment in AD mice reduced brain amyloidosis, increased plasma Aβ, and rescued cognitive impairment with increased hippocampal expression of calbindin and synaptophysin and increased levels of doublecortin-positive cells in the dentate gyrus. These data extend GM-CSF pleiotropic neuroprotection mechanisms in AD and include regulatory T cell-mediated immunomodulation of microglial function, Aβ clearance, maintenance of synaptic integrity, and induction of neurogenesis. Together these data support further development of GM-CSF as a neuroprotective agent for AD.
Sudomotor function testing by electrochemical skin conductance: does it really measure sudomotor function?

Electrochemical skin conductance (ESC) is a non-invasive test of sweat function developed as a potential marker of small fiber neuropathy. Here we systematically review the evolution of this device and the data obtained from studies of ESC across different diseases. Electronic databases, including MEDLINE, and Google Scholar were searched through to February 2018. The search strategy included the following terms: “electrochemical skin conductance,” “EZSCAN,” and “Sudoscan.” The data values provided by each paper were extracted, where available, and input into tabular and figure data for direct comparison. Thirty-seven studies were included this systematic review. ESC did not change by age or gender, and there was significant variability in ESC values between diseases, some of which exceeded control values. Longitudinal studies of disease demonstrated changes in ESC that were not biologically plausible. Of the 37 studies assessed, 25 received support from the device manufacturer. The extracted data did not agree with other published normative values. Prior studies do not support claims that ESC is a measure of small fiber sensory function or autonomic function. Although many papers report significant differences in ESC values between disease and control subjects, the compiled data assessed in this review raises questions about the technique. Many of the published results violate biologic plausibility. A single funding source with a vested interest in the study outcomes has supported most of the studies. Normative values are inconsistent across publications, and large combined data sets do not support a high sensitivity and specificity. Finally, there is insufficient evidence supporting the claim that Sudoscan tests sudomotor or sensory nerve fiber function.
Modeling of the Fracture Process in Prenotched Concrete Beams to Examine Size Effects

Concrete is a strain-softening material with a relatively low tensile strength. For laboratory specimens the resulting fracture process zone is large relative to the size of the K-dominated region calculated using linear elastic fracture mechanics. This violates a fundamental assumption of linear elastic fracture mechanics. In this paper, we analyze three-point beam specimens using a direct model of the process zone, and compare the results to experimental data. The results show the necessity of using such a model for laboratory specimens. Some difficulties with interpreting the experimental data are also noted. This is a report of work in progress.
Analyzing Technology to Uncover Social Values, Attitudes, and Practices

This chapter sets up the theoretical framework from which to argue the wireless’s social, rhetorical, and aesthetic values. Before discussing the rhetoric and social construction of Guglielmo Marconi’s wireless, this chapter reviews important Science and Technology Studies (STS) theories and case studies that show technology and science to be products of social interaction. Theorists such as Charles Bazerman, Bruno Latour, and Wiebe E. Bijker argue that groups affix values to new technological advancements. Because the rhetoric of technology is mediated by culture, readers should understand how scholars have analyzed the texts and contexts of culturally mediated artifacts to uncover how rhetoric contributes to the non-physical ways in which technologies are represented to and absorbed by audiences. A technology’s rhetoric helps establish a technology as a product congruent to social values, attitudes, and practices.
Helping patients take charge of their chronic illnesses.

The article will explain the concept of patient-centered care and how practices can empower patients and help them establish self-management goals.
Photoradiation Therapy with Hematoporphyrin Derivative in the Management of Brain Tumors

Hematoporphyrin is a naturally occurring compound similar to the heme of hemoglobin without the iron ligand (Fig. 1). Since the observation by Lipson44–46 in 1960 that a derivative of hematoporphyrin (HpD) had superior tumor localizing characteristics when compared to hematoporphyrin, all subsequent clinical studies have used HpD.
Growth inhibitors in host plant resistance to insects: examples from a wild tomato with Heliothis zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).

Non-lethal, growth inhibiting allelochemicals have potential roles in host plant resistance to insects because they can extend the time the insects are exposed to other mortality factors. Four chemical constituents of the wild tomato, Lycopersicon hirsutum f. glabratum, PI 134417 were evaluated in artificial diet as growth inhibitors to Heliothis zea (Boddie): alpha-tomatine, chlorogenic acid, beta-caryophyllene and alpha-humulene. All caused small increases in developmental time, and, except for chlorogenic acid, small decreases in pupal weight. These changes may be too small to be of biological significance in host plant resistance. Our results suggest that the usual method of evaluating growth inhibitors, which is to weigh the insects after a fixed feeding period, is inadequate to assess the biological significance of any observed growth inhibitory effects. Because differences in weight after fixed feeding periods do not always translate into equivalent changes in developmental time or final weight, me...
Regulation of Oogenesis by Oocyte-Specific Gene Networks

Although, development of traditional and conditional transgenic knockout mice models has been critical in revealing how oocyte-expressed transcripts regulate oocyte growth and embryo development, many aspects concerning reproduction remain to be determined. Recent studies have demonstrated that oocyte-specific transcriptional regulators play essential roles in regulating various stages of oogenesis, folliculogenesis and early embryonic development. In this book chapter, we categorized and reviewed transcriptional regulators based upon their known function in germ cells: (1) those that are specifically expressed in the female germline and appear to function only in oocytes (Figla and Nobox); (2) those that are expressed in both male and female germline and affect both male and female fertility (Sohlh1 and Sohlh2); and (3) those that are highly expressed in germ cells, but show additional expression in other somatic tissues (Lhx8, Pou5f1 and Yy1). These investigations will provide insight into the regulation of mammalian fertility.
Successful treatment of drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms syndrome relapse with oral pulsed dexamethasone.

Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome is a severe hypersensitivity reaction that can be life threatening. Long-term treatment with corticosteroids is required in the management of DRESS syndrome, and relapse or worsening of symptoms after a short course of steroids after initial improvement is common. Oral steroid pulse therapy has been used to treat various dermatologic conditions with the goal of reducing toxicity associated with sustained steroid use. The use of oral pulse therapy in the treatment of DRESS syndrome has not been reported. Here we present the case of a patient with allopurinol-induced DRESS syndrome relapse successfully treated with pulsed oral dexamethasone.
Multilevel Semantic Labeling of Mobile Homes from Overhead Imagery

Finding where people live and the vulnerabilities of manmade facilities during natural disasters is not only critical for rescue efforts but also essential for damage assessment in the aftermath. New advances from machine learning and high performance computing are leveraging on the availability of high resolution satellite imagery to generate geographical maps for man-made facilities at scale. Mapping from satellite imagery can be a daunting task due to the enormous amount of data to be processed over large areas. In this short paper we take advantage of annotated satellite imagery and automate the semantic labeling of mobile home parks using an efficient framework rooted in patch-based and pixel-level classification. This multilevel labeling effort is a precursor for deploying very large scale deep convolutional neural networks toward broad and finer characterization of man-made structures from one-meter resolution NAIP images.
Visuomotor Skills in Collegiate Athletes and Nonathletes

Date Presented 04/05/19 Visuomotor skills are necessary to complete daily occupations. Visuomotor assessment tools are available for clinical practice. The Dynavision is an emerging tool used to assess visuomotor skills. Numerous research studies have been conducted using the Dynavision as a visuomotor assessment for athletes and recipients of healthcare services. This study utilized the Dynavision D2, nine-hole peg test, and visual cancellation tests to assess visuomotor skills in collegiate athletes and nonathletes. Primary Author and Speaker: Julie Nastasi Additional Authors and Speakers: Erin Burdick, Anthony Faso, Jenna Rizzuto, Mackenzie Thompson, Kristen Truskowski, Jennifer Voorman, Courtney Westermann, Rosemarie Zanardi
A Study on the Adaptability of Immune models for Wireless Sensor Network Security

Abstract Researchers in the field of artificial cognitive systems have persistently tried to adopt mechanisms and paradigms deployed in biological systems. Artificial neural network is one of the early examples adopting brain cell architecture and its computational practices. Similarly, Human Immune System (HIS) can be adopted for intrusion detection systems (IDS). The HIS recognizes and tries to eliminate external entities such as bacteria and viruses and works towards defending it from such threats. Detection and prevention mechanisms from HIS has been studied and adopted for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). Three well known techniques in the field of HIS-based IDS are studied and their adaptability to WSN’s is reported. These techniques include prominent immune models such as Negative Selection, Positive Selection, Danger Theory and Clonal Selection.
Pathology and Molecular Diagnosis of Cervical Cancer and Precursor Lesions

Pathologic diagnosis of cervical neoplasia incorporates the practice of cytopathology, molecular pathology, and surgical pathology. Cervical pathology includes preinvasive squamous lesions (squamous intraepithelial lesions/SIL), invasive squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma in situ, invasive adenocarcinoma, as well as other less common primary epithelial and mesenchymal tumors. The most common cervical lesions are human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated squamous lesions. A two-tiered diagnostic approach classifying preinvasive lesions into low-grade and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions is used in cytopathology and surgical pathology. Low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL), which include condylomata, are the result of productive HPV infection that may be transient and regress. High-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) have a greater risk of progression to invasive carcinoma and require further treatment. Adenocarcinoma in situ, a precursor to invasive adenocarcinoma, is also HPV-associated and may coexist with squamous lesions. HPV testing/genotyping has been incorporated into the Papanicolaou cytology screening and helps stratify patients into those needing further evaluation. The incidence of invasive carcinoma has decreased with the widespread use of cytology testing. A subset of tumors not associated with HPV infection, while rare, may present diagnostic challenges, especially in cytology and small biopsies.
Using Dimensionless Numbers to Predict Centrifugal Jet-Spun Nanofiber Morphology

In this study, we report a method for predictive, controlled, and highly aligned nanofiber production via Centrifugal Jet Spinning (CJS) using polycaprolactone (PCL) as a model polymer. We investigated the effects of fabrication conditions and their resulting dimensionless parameters, namely the Weber, Reynolds, and Capillary numbers, by correlating with fiber morphologies (fiber diameter, fiber alignment, bead frequency, bead aspect ratio, and scaffold porosity) and mechanical properties (linear modulus and ultimate tensile strength). We report a fabrication parameter lookup table based on the aforementioned dimensionless numbers, for the production of nanofiber scaffolds using the CJS. We built a scaled-up version of the CJS that uses a larger reservoir and successfully validated the reported lookup table for PCL as well as other polymers including polyethylene oxide, polylactic acid, and polyvinylpyrrolidone dissolved either in hexafluoroisopropanol or chloroform. We show that by carefully tailoring the polymer intrinsic properties and the Reynolds number, we can fabricate bead-free, continuous fibers. This method will allow other researchers to design and build their own CJS for the production of desired fiber scaffold networks by utilizing the appropriate dimensionless numbers for their system.
Effects of Social Development Intervention in Childhood on Adult Life at Ages 30 to 39

Elementary schools can be effective sites for universal preventive interventions. Less is known about how long effects of intervention in elementary grades last. Can they improve outcomes in adulthood? To test effects of a social developmental intervention in the elementary grades on adult life through the 30s, the Seattle Social Development Project, a nonrandomized controlled trial, followed all consenting 5th-grade students (N = 808) from 18 Seattle public elementary schools from age 10 (in 1985) to age 39 (in 2014), with 88% retention. The sample was gender balanced and ethnically and economically diverse. The full intervention, called Raising Healthy Children, continued from Grades 1 through 6 and consisted of teacher in-service training in classroom management and instructional methods; cognitive, social, and refusal skills training for children; and parent workshops in child behavior monitoring and management, academic support, and anticipatory guidance. Using structural equation modeling, we examined intervention effects from age 30 to age 39 across 9 constructs indicating 3 domains of adult life: health behavior, positive functioning, and adult health and success. An omnibus test across all 9 constructs indicated a significant positive overall intervention-control difference. Examined individually, significant intervention effects included better health maintenance behavior, mental health, and overall adult health and success. Significant effects were not found on substance use disorder symptoms, sex-risk behaviors, or healthy close relationships in the 30s. Results indicate that sustained, theory-based, multicomponent intervention in the elementary grades can produce lasting changes in health maintenance, mental health, and adult functioning through the 30s.
Abstract 4333: GCN5 positively correlates with c-MYC in non-small cell lung cancer

Lung cancer causes the highest mortality in cancer-related deaths. Definition of novel molecular targets is needed since these cancers often become resistant to existing therapies. Epigenetic modifications may provide such targets. Recent reports suggest that the histone acetyltransferase (HAT) module within the transcriptional coactivator SAGA complex plays a role in cancer, creating a new link between epigenetic regulators and this disease. We aim to define the role of the SAGA HAT protein GCN5 in the regulation and function of oncogenes in lung cancers. Since prior work indicates that GCN5 regulates the stability of c-MYC and serves as a coactivator for MYC target genes, we hypothesize that there is a positive relationship between GCN5 and c-MYC in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We also propose that inhibition of GCN5 will reduce lung cancer formation and progression in mouse models of lung cancer driven by c-MYC overexpression. Our data indicate that both GCN5 and c-MYC proteins are upregulated in NSCLC cells compared to normal lung epithelial cell lines. This trend is observable only at the protein level, indicating that the upregulation of these proteins in NSCLC cells occurs post-transcriptionally. Both GCN5 and c-MYC expression levels are also positively associated in mouse and human NSCLC cell lines. Genetic repression of GCN5 in NSCLC cells reduces cell proliferation, increases the population of necrotic cells, and reduces c-MYC expression. Inhibition of the GCN5 active site using commercially available probes in NSCLC cells significantly (p Citation Format: Lisa Maria Mustachio, Jason Roszik, Aimee Farria, Sharon YR Dent. GCN5 positively correlates with c-MYC in non-small cell lung cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4333.
Meaning and attention in scenes

Abstract Perception of a complex visual scene requires that important regions be prioritized and attentionally selected. What is the basis for this selection? Although much research has focused on the spatial distribution of image salience as an important factor guiding attention, relatively little work has focused on the spatial distribution of semantic features (meaning) across a scene. To address this imbalance, we have recently developed a new method for measuring, representing, and evaluating the spatial distribution of meaning in scenes and its influence on attention. In this method, the spatial distribution of meaning is represented as a meaning map. Meaning maps are generated from crowd-sourced responses given by naive subjects who rate a large number of scene patches drawn from each scene. Meaning maps are coded in the same format as traditional saliency maps, and therefore both types of maps can be directly compared and evaluated against the spatial distribution of attention derived from viewers' eye fixations. In this review I provide an overview of my lab's research comparing the influences of meaning and image salience on attentional guidance in real-world scenes. Overall, we have found that both the spatial distribution of meaning and physical salience across a scene predict the spatial distribution of attention, but when the correlation between meaning and image salience is statistically controlled, only meaning uniquely accounts for variance in attention. I discuss the theoretical implications of these findings and point to new questions for the future.
Multi-scale graph principal component analysis for connectomics

In brain connectomics, the cortical surface is parcellated into different regions of interest (ROIs) prior to statistical analysis. The brain connectome for each individual can then be represented as a graph, with the nodes corresponding to ROIs and edges to connections between ROIs. Such a graph can be summarized as an adjacency matrix, with each cell containing the strength of connection between a pair of ROIs. These matrices are symmetric with the diagonal elements corresponding to self-connections typically excluded. A major disadvantage of such representations of the connectome is their sensitivity to the chosen ROIs, including critically the number of ROIs and hence the scale of the graph. As the scale becomes finer and more ROIs are used, graphs become increasingly sparse. Clearly, the results of downstream statistical analyses can be highly dependent on the chosen parcellation. To solve this problem, we propose a multi-scale graph factorization, which links together scale-specific factorizations through a common set of individual-specific scores. These scores summarize an individual's brain structure combining information across measurement scales. We obtain a simple and efficient algorithm for implementation, and illustrate substantial advantages over single scale approaches in simulations and analyses of the Human Connectome Project dataset.
Women* in Physics, Math and Astronomy at Caltech: Supporting Women in STEM

Women* are underrepresented in STEM fields and at PVSC. This can be addressed by recruiting more women to the field and better supporting the women present. This paper details the efforts of the Women in Physics, Math and Astronomy organization at Caltech to support the careers of women, presented as a model on which to base women's organizations at other institutions. *We use an inclusive definition of “woman” and “female,” welcoming trans women, genderqueer women, and non-binary people.
Cosmetic Blepharoplasty: Upper Eyelid Techniques

Summary Upper eyelid blepharoplasty in the cosmetic patient can be a rewarding experience with high patient satisfaction. The cosmetic patient usually has specific complaints and high expectations. With careful preoperative planning and open discussion with the patient, postoperative complications and patient dissatisfaction can be minimized. The cosmetic surgeon also must master and respect the anatomy of the upper eyelid to achieve good results. With the combination of open physician-patient communication and meticulous surgical planning and execution, upper eyelid blepharoplasty surgery in the cosmetic patient can be highly rewarding (Fig. 14).
A Review of Application of Machine Learning in Design, Synthesis, and Characterization of Metal Matrix Composites: Current Status and Emerging Applications

In this article we provide an overview on the current and emerging applications of machine learning (ML) in the design, synthesis, and characterization of metal matrix composites (MMC). We have demonstrated that ML methods can be applied in three distinct categories, namely property prediction, microstructure analysis, and process optimization, which are associated with three major classes of ML techniques, i.e., regression, classification, and optimal control, respectively. ML algorithms have been successfully applied for prediction of mechanical, tribological, corrosion, and wetting properties of different MMCs. However, ML methods (e.g., computer vision, which is suitable for microstructural characterization and defect detections) and optimization algorithms (e.g., reinforcement learning) have not been fully utilized for design, processing, and characterization of metal matrix composites despite their enormous capacities. We conclude that ML methods are promising not only to predict various properties but also to automate microstructural analysis and optimization of manufacturing MMCs.
The Diplomacy of Joseph as Emperor

Whether the passing of Maria Theresia ushered in a new age and allowed Joseph to put into practice revolutionary notions which the Empress had successfully staved off, or whether Joseph’s reforms were merely the logical consequence of steps taken already in his mother’s lifetime, will presumably remain one of the major polemics in Hapsburg historiography. But in foreign policy there is no doubt that the transition was marked by practically no ascertainable change. After some soul-searching Kaunitz decided that he would continue to serve in his capacity as chancellor. He was convinced, he observed, that Joseph could find no more honest and reasonable adviser. To be fair, it must be noted that the Emperor all but begged him to stay on: “Remain my friend, be my help, my guide in coping with the burden which has settled on my shoulders.” 2 These must have been difficult phrases for a man as proud as Joseph to compose and one is all but tempted to speculate that Joseph’s continuing loyalty to Kaunitz had in it something of an expiation of the sins he had committed against the old Empress. Be that as it may, Kaunitz remained at the helm and this meant inevitably that there would be the same confusion about ultimate authority in questions of policy as heretofore.
Chapter 10. Agents Affecting Gastrointestinal Functions

Publisher Summary Gastrointestinal drug is used in treating peptic ulcer disease and other secretory related disorders. The tagamet culminates the search for a safe and effective gastric acid anti-secretory drug. Prostaglandin anti-secretory drug development is hindered by the presence of the side effects. This chapter discusses the developments in understanding the histamine receptors and the pharmacology of histamine antagonists along with progress in prostaglandin research. The gastric acid anti-secretory structure–activity relationships and clinical testing of gastrointestinal peptide hormones are also discussed in the chapter. Tolazoline and the structurally related imidazoline tetrahydrozoline may be histamine (H 2 ) receptor agonists because tolazoline-induced acid stimulation in the dog is blocked by burimamide, metiamide, and cimetidine. Both imidazolines induce characteristic H 2 -agonist effects on isolated guinea pig atria preparations that can be blocked by metiamide. The anti-secretory effect of clonidine in rats is explained by a centrally mediated H 2 -agonist effect that results in acid inhibition. In anesthetized animals, the central effect is masked and only acid stimulation caused by a peripheral H 2 agonist effect is observed. Cimetidine differs from its precursor metiamide by having a cyanoguanidine replace the thiourea moiety found in metiamide. Inhibition of acid output is the key action for H 2 antagonists and in man cimetidine decreases meal-stimulated acid secretion in both healthy volunteers and duodenal ulcer patients. Cimetidine efficacy for treating duodenal ulcer disease appears unrelated to the patients prior to the duration of illness, level of gastric acid secretion, or recurrence record.
VEST - A Toolset for Constructing and Analyzing Component Based Embedded Systems

Embedded systems are proliferating at an amazing rate. To be successful these systems must be tailoredto meet many cost, time to market, performance, and dependability constraints. Building and tailoring embedded systems by using domain specific components has promise. However, in composing components the most difficult issues are ensuring that non-functional properties such as real-time performance and dependability are being met. The VEST toolkit is aimed at providing a rich set of dependency checks based on aspects to support embedded system development via components.
STAGING OF PHYSICAL FUNCTIONAL IMPAIRMENT AS A CORRELATE OF GLOBAL COGNITION

Class 2 (n1⁄4211, 17.7%) "mildly progressive" with intermediate baseline scores on FAQ and ADAS-Cog, worsening on both, but faster functional decline; Class 3 (n1⁄4819, 68.7%) "nonprogressive" lowest baseline scores on FAQ and ADAS-Cog with minimal change over time. Class 3 participants were less likely to be amyloid positive or carry an APOE 4 allele andmore likely to be an HC or have EMCI at baseline.Conclusions:Cognitive and functional change appears to follow 3 distinct patterns regardless of baseline diagnosis. Amyloid and APOE4 carrier status predict faster decline.