cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
BRIEF REPORT: Factors affecting outpatient follow-up compliance of emergency department patients.

There are 110 million emergency department (ED) patient visits in the United States each year.1 Approximately 45% of these patients are referred for outpatient follow-up with another physician or clinic. Follow-up for these ED patients is important for several reasons, including ensuring proper treatment continuation of the initial condition, identification of misdiagnoses, management of treatment failures and complications, and recognition of patient noncompliance to therapeutic plans.2 Notwithstanding these reasons, compliance with recommended follow-up by ED patients in the United States is frequently very poor and has been estimated to be between 26% and 56% depending on the ED population.3–7 Prior studies have found that providing ED patients with outpatient appointments before their discharge significantly improves follow-up compliance.6,7 These studies, however, were limited by their observational design and potential for confounding. To more definitively assess the effect of making follow-up appointments for patients in a general adult ED population, we conducted a randomized trial to compare follow-up compliance for ED patients with 2 different discharge instructional methods. We also evaluated several patient sociodemographic characteristics as possible factors affecting greater outpatient follow-up compliance.
Gastroenteritis in patients with stool isolates of vibrio vulnificus

Vibrio vulnificus, a marine Vibrio associated with severe extraintestinal infections, has not been previously implicated as a cause of infectious diarrhea. Three patients were identified with diarrheal illness from whom this organism was the sole pathogen recovered from cultured stool specimens. All three had eaten raw oysters within one week of becoming ill. These patients were all taking medication that reduces gastric acidity, two were heavy drinkers of alcohol, and one had unrecognized colon cancer; these factors may have predisposed to the development of disease. Clinicians should consider that V. vulnificus may be a cause of gastroenteritis in patients who have consumed raw oysters.
Benefits and barriers to physical activity for individuals with disabilities: a social-relational model of disability perspective

AbstractPurpose: To provide a qualitative overview of selected research on physical activity (PA) engagement by people with physical disabilities from a social relational model perspective. Method: Selected articles that exemplify some of the paradoxes, nuances, contrasting perspectives and complexities of the knowledge base in this area are discussed within a disability studies framework. Results: PA is arguably more important for people with disabilities relative to people without disabilities although they are quite inactive. Individuals who are physically activity enjoy a range of benefits spanning physiological, emotional, cognitive and social categories. Unfortunately many people cannot enjoy the benefits of PA because of the many medical, psychological, social and environmental barriers they face making PA quite difficult. Conclusions: Rehabilitation professionals can provide a better standard of care to clients if they are aware of the benefits and barriers of PA. Implications for RehabilitationRe...
The Complexity of Integrity Culture Change: A Case Study of a Liberal Arts College

The concept of academic integrity has been resurrected in both literature and practice in response to a perceived problem of student academic dishonesty. Most specifically, academic integrity advocates suggest changing the student academic culture to normalize academic integrity and reduce occurrences of academic dishonesty. Theories of organizational culture and change (e.g., Schein, 1992) suggest, however, that such a change process will be complex. This study fills a void in the literature by providing an examination of the integrity culture change process at one case institution and offering considerations for the facilitation and empirical investigation of integrity culture change.
Revealing common sources of image spam by unsupervised clustering with visual features

In this paper, we investigate image spam with data mining techniques in order to reveal the common sources of unsolicited emails. To identify the origins, a two-stage clustering method groups visually similar spam images by exploring their visual features, including color feature, layout feature, text layout, and background textures. We test the proposed approach under different settings and combinations of features and measure the performance with a modified F-measure.
Differentiated crosslayer network mapping in multilayered network architectures

The unifying network architecture has contributed to a wave of work on layered network evolution. The undertaking of this paper is twofold: This paper's first-of-its-kind examination of the problems of logical link mapping and traffic flow routing unveils that backhaul traffic, a flow loop that occurs at any lower link layer below the traffic layer except its own, could happen in the traffic flow routing even when no backhaul occurs in the link mapping, prompting our discussion on the investigation of crosslayer survivable link mapping when traffic layers are explicitly considered and survivability is required. In addition to the theoretical treatment on the connection among and between link and traffic layers, a forbidden link matrix is also identified masking part of the network for use in situations where some physical links are reserved exclusively for a designated service, mainly for the context of providing multiple levels of differentiation on the network use. The masking effect is then evaluated on two metrics using two practical approaches in a sample real-world network, showing that both efficiency and practicality can be achieved.
The use of high-pressure liquid chromatography in the simultaneous assay of 11β-hydroxylase and 18-hydroxylase in zona fascloulata-retioularis tissue of the rat adrenal cortex

Abstract An isocratic, reverse-phase system for determining adrenal cortical steroids by high-pressure liquid chromatography is described. The method enables the rapid, accurate, and precise separation and quantitation of the major steroids produced during in vitro incubations of rat adrenal cortex mitochondria with 11-deoxycorticosterone. The application of this method to the determination of 11β- and 18-hydroxylase activity in the presence of metopirone is illustrated, and its utility for studying other enzymatic reactions in the adrenal gland is discussed.
Determination of the fractal dimension of a particle silhouette using image-processing techniques

Determination du diagramme de Richardson de silhouettes de particules de poudre a partir de micrographies electroniques
A Multicomponent Protein Complex Mediates Environmental Stress Signaling in Bacillus subtilis

Activity of the general stress transcription factor sigma(B) of Bacillus subtilis is regulated directly by a partner-switching mechanism in which key protein interactions are governed by serine phosphorylation. Signals of energy or environmental stress are conveyed to sigma(B) by independent pathways, each terminating with a differentially regulated serine phosphatase, whose activity is required to control the partner-switching regulators. We present genetic and biochemical evidence that activation of the RsbU environmental signaling phosphatase is modulated by a second, atypical partner switch that comprises redundant negative regulatory proteins in a large, multicomponent signaling complex. In the current model, negative regulation of the RsbU phosphatase depends solely on the RsbS antagonist protein. Here, we perform a critical genetic test that invalidates this model and demonstrates that the RsbS antagonist alone is insufficient to prevent environmental signaling. Also required is one of a family of four co-antagonist proteins, here renamed RsbRA, RsbRB, RsbRC, and RsbRD, each with a carboxyl-terminal domain closely resembling the entire RsbS protein. Because any single member of the RsbR family, together with RsbS, was sufficient for environmental signaling, we conclude that the RsbR proteins serve as redundant co-antagonists necessary for RsbS antagonist function. Moreover, purification of RsbRA from cell extracts by nickel affinity and gel-filtration chromatography found a multicomponent complex containing the RsbRA and RsbRB co-antagonists together with the RsbS antagonist. We propose that this complex serves as a machine to transmit stress signals to sigma(B), and that the properties of the complex may contribute to environmental stress sensing.
Repair of Pectus Chest Deformities in 320 Adult Patients: 21 Year Experience

Background Severe pectus chest deformities are common, often causing physiologic impairment. Patients who do not undergo repair during childhood often experience progressive worsening of symptoms during adulthood. There are few published reports regarding pectus repair in adults. Methods A retrospective review from January 1986 through January 2007 was performed on patients age 19 years and older, who underwent surgical correction of pectus excavatum (PE) or carinatum (PC) at one hospital. Results Adult patients, including 268 PE (84%), 41 PC (13%), and 11 with combined deformities (3%) underwent open repair with minimal cartilage resection and a temporary internal support strut. Ages ranged from 19 to 67 years (mean, 27). Patients experienced dyspnea, decreased endurance and tachypnea with mild exertion (99%), tachycardia (94%), and chest pain (69%). All patients reported worsening of symptoms during adolescence, which became more severe during adulthood. The mean severity score for PC and PE was 1.8 and 5.8, respectively (normal = 2.5). All patients experienced improvement in symptoms within four months after repair. Mean hospitalization was 2.9 days. Complications included pleural effusion (n = 8), pneumothorax (n = 4), and pericarditis (n = 2). Small localized protrusions persisted in eight patients. Four patients underwent repair of mild recurrent deformities. There were no deaths. Ninety-eight percent reported considerable improvement in exercise tolerance and indicated postoperative results as very good or excellent. Conclusions Uncorrected pectus deformities persist after childhood and often cause worsening symptoms with increasing age. Repair can be performed in adults with low morbidity, short hospital stay, and considerable improvement in physiologic function.
Effects of tumor-enhancing IgG2 on macrophage function.

Abstract Macrophages (Mϕ) play a significant role in allograft rejection. We investigated whether tumor-enhancing (te) IgG 2 acting as a cytophilic opsonin affects allograft destruction. Our results demonstrate that immune Tennessee Swiss (TS) (H-2 s ) mouse Mϕ destroyed greater numbers of target C3H f /He (H-2 k ) tumor cells than did nonimmune Mϕ. The percentage of 51 Cr release from labeled tumor cells induced by immune Mϕ was 39.10 + 3.24% compared to nonimmune Mϕ 28.0 + 3.87%, while te IgG suppressed cytotoxicity toward C3H f /He tumor cells of normal TS Mϕ as manifested by less isotope release (19.60 + 3.13%) than that produced by normal TS Mϕ with non-enhancing IgG 2 (39.90 + 5.8%). Rather than facilitating survival of allogeneic fibrosarcoma cells, te IgG 2 alloantibody potentiated their destruction by immune TS Mϕ (isotope release of 52.90 + 3.46%) compared with that produced by immune Mϕ alone (39.10 + 3.24%). Cytophilic te IgG 2 on TS Mϕ was demonstrated with either C3H f /He red cells or tumor cells. Electron micrographs of Mϕ revealed tumor cell ingestion and attachment of ferritin-labeled IgG 2 alloantibody on Mϕ and target tumor cells. In contrast to protection, te IgG 2 alloantibody facilitates microphage-mediated allograft destruction.
A Three-Dimensional Parametric Study and Numerical/Experimental Flow Visualization of a Six-Pocket Hydrostatic Journal Bearing

This article presents a numerical investigation and some experimental results supporting evidence on the flow structure and the pressure distribution in a hydrostatic journal bearing with six equidistant pockets. The parametric studies are of both operational and geometric nature. The operational ones include shaft's angular speed and inlet pressure. The geometric ones include pocket depth, eccentricity, clearance and restrictor diameter. The latter two are instrumental in changing the ratio of the restrictor to clearance hydraulic resistance (R). The flow regime in the bearing is kept in the laminar range (Rebrg < 60). It was found that for the deep pocket the pressure is uniformly distributed across its circumferential length, whereas for the shallow pocket it increases in a ramp fashion along the direction of rotation. The oil injected through the restrictor forms a penetrating jet that constitutes the driver of the upstream and downstream vortical cells that eventually interact with the Couette effect...
Use of c‐Src and c‐Fos knockout mice for the studies on the role of c‐Src kinase signaling in the expression of toxicity of TCDD

Previously, we reported that several of the toxic effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) were not fully expressed in c-src -/- and -/+ mice (1). In the current study, we studied the basic molecular mechanism of their differential responses. First, we could show that chemical inhibition of c-src kinase could produce practically the same phenomenon of reduced toxicity of TCDD in wild-type mice cotreated with geldanamycin, a specific chemical inhibitor known to suppress c-src kinase. Second, we established that the level of the Ah receptor associated with c-src kinase (2) is indeed low in c-src deficient mice as well as geldanamycin-treated mice. We could show, at the same time, that the effect of c-src deficiency on the toxicity of TCDD is very selective; that is, despite the reduction of many of its toxic signs, the enlargement of liver, induction of cytochrome P450, and other drug-metabolizing enzymes took place normally in those c-src-deficient mice. Apparently, induction of these detoxification enzymes are independent of c-src-mediated pathway. Based on the known signaling pathways of c-src, we tested c-fos-deficient mice and found that some of the c-src-dependant toxic signs of TCDD such as thymic atrophy and decrease in adipose tissue weight were also reduced in c-fos-deficient mice, indicating that these two toxic effects are likely to be mediated through both c-src and c-fos. However, other TCDD responses noticeable in c-fos-deficient mice; downregulation of receptors for epidermal growth factor (EGF), tumor necrosis factor (TNF alpha), and retinoic acid; and up-regulation of the T3 receptor. These findings clearly show that c-fos mediates only a part of c-src signaling pathway in transducing these specific toxic actions of TCDD as mediated by c-fos.
The breakdown of nuclear quasi-equilibrium in highly compact binaries and the origin of the 2-3 hour gap in the orbital period distribution of cataclysmic variables

We have calculated the secular evolution of a highly compact binary, composed of a degenerate-dwarf primary and a low-mass main-sequence secondary, taking into account the combined effects of (1) the gradual breakdown of quasi-equilibrium of the /sup 3/He abundance in the interior of the secondary, and (2) the progressive mixture of fresh /sup 3/He into the core of the secondary due to the increasing depth of the stellar surface convection zone. We find that these effects may provide a natural explanation for the apparent sharp decrease in the discovery probability of a cataclysmic variable as its orbital period decreases through approx.3 hours. However, the effects that we consider do not account for the relatively large number of observed cataclysmic variables with orbital periods between approx.80 minutes and approx.2 hours, so that the overall distribution of orbital periods among cataclysmic variables is not yet fully understood.
Dipole‐optimized gaussian orbitals for rapid computation of electrostatic molecular potential contour maps

A lobe mimic basis set at a (3GIS/1G2S/1G2P) level has been scaled to produce good scf dipole moments to allow rapid generation of molecular potential maps. Simple scaling factors for C, N, O, and H yield improved dipole moments, which form the dominant term in the multipole expansion of neutral molecules. Potential maps are compared for formaldehyde where an insensitivity of the potential to scaling and dipole moment is noted.
Effects of intrinsic fluorescence and quenching on fluorescence-based screening of natural products

To evaluate the effects of intrinsic (natural) fluorescence and quenching as confounding variables in fluorescence-based enzyme inhibition assays of natural products, we measured the fluorescence and quenching properties of 25 components of popular herbal products. The analyses were performed under conditions typically employed in drug-drug interaction studies that use c-DNA-derived P450 isoforms and surrogate fluorogenic substrates. Four of the 25 compounds tested (isorhamnetin, quercetin, vitexin, and yangonin) fluoresced or quenched sufficiently to interfere with these assays. Intrinsic fluorescence had a greater effect on these assays than quenching and for one compound, yangonin, was sufficient to mask inhibition and potentially produce a false negative result. Quenching had less of an effect on these assays, but was significant enough for one compound, quercetin, to mimic "weak" inhibition. Therefore, because intrinsic fluorescence or quenching could render some natural products unsuitable for testing in certain fluorometric assays, it would be prudent to include an evaluation of these properties in experimental protocols.
Magnetic-alignment properties of REBa2Cu4O8 (RE=Ho, Er)

Abstract Polycrystalline REBa 2 Cu 4 O 8 (RE-124) high-temperature cuprate superconductors synthesized at 1 atm oxygen pressure using nitrates as starting materials were magnetically aligned in an 8 T vertical magnetic field; here, RE=Ho, Er. XRD Θ –2 Θ and χ -circle scans demonstrated that the grains of Ho-124 align with their c axes parallel to the magnetic field while the grains of Er-124 were oriented to lie with their b axes parallel to the field direction, which, therefore, indicates that Er-124 is a candidate for biaxial alignment. The successful simplified synthesis of new Er-doped 124 phase and the characterization of its normal magnetic alignment behavior are of great significance for biaxial alignment of the 124 phase to fabricate biaxially aligned Er-124 thick films as substrates for growth of epitaxial YBCO superconductor thin films.
Development of a Traumatic Anterior Cruciate Ligament and Meniscal Rupture Model to Study Osteoarthritis

Participation in sports, recreation, and exercise is progressively gaining more popularity in American culture and, along with it, the risk of acute and chronic injuries. People who injure a knee before the age of 22 have a greater than 3-fold risk of developing osteoarthritis (OA) in the injured joint by their mid 50s5. Specifically, anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and meniscal injuries are strongly associated with the development of OA4, a common and widespread musculoskeletal disease1.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
ROLE OF TRANSIENTS IN THE SUSTAINABILITY OF SOLAR CORONAL PLUMES

We report on the role of small-scale, transient magnetic activity in the formation and evolution of solar coronal plumes. Three plumes within equatorial coronal holes are analyzed over the span of several days based on the Solar Dynamic Observatory (SDO)/Atmospheric Imaging Assembly 171 A and 193 A images and SDO/Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager line-of-sight magnetograms. The focus is on the role of transient structures at the footpoints in sustaining coronal plumes for relatively long periods of time (i.e., several days). The appearance of plumes is a gradual and lengthy process. In some cases, the initial stages of plume formation are marked by the appearance of pillar-like structures whose footpoints are the sources of transient brightenings. In addition to nominal jets occurring prior to and during the development of plumes, the data show that a large number of small jets (i.e., {sup j}etlets{sup )} and plume transient bright points (PTBPs) occur on timescales of tens of seconds to a few minutes. These features are the result of quasi-random cancellations of fragmented and diffuse minority magnetic polarity with the dominant unipolar magnetic field concentration over an extended period of time. They unambiguously reflect a highly dynamical evolution at the footpoints and aremore » seemingly the main energy source for plumes. This suggests a tendency for plumes to be dependent on the occurrence of transients (i.e., jetlets, and PTBPs) resulting from low-rate magnetic reconnection. The decay phase of plumes is characterized by gradual fainting and multiple rejuvenations as a result of the dispersal of the unipolar magnetic concentration and its precipitation into multiple magnetic centers.« less
Stimulation of Human Endonuclease III by Y Box-binding Protein 1 (DNA-binding Protein B) INTERACTION BETWEEN A BASE EXCISION REPAIR ENZYME AND A TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR

Human endonuclease III (hNth1) is a DNA glycosylase/apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) lyase that initiates base excision repair of pyrimidines modified by reactive oxygen species, ionizing, and ultraviolet radiation. Using duplex 2′-deoxyribose oligonucleotides containing an abasic (AP) site, a thymine glycol, or a 5-hydroxyuracil residue as substrates, we found the AP lyase activity of hNth1 was 7 times slower than its DNA glycosylase activity, similar to results reported for murine and human 8-oxoguanine-DNA glycosylase, which are also members of the endonuclease III family. This difference in rates contrasts with the equality of rates found in Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae endonuclease III homologs. A yeast two-hybrid screen for potential modulators of hNth1 activity revealed interaction with the damage-inducible transcription factor Y box-binding protein 1 (YB-1), also identified as DNA-binding protein B (DbpB). The in vitro addition of His6YB-1 to hNth1 increased the rate of DNA glycosylase and AP lyase activity. Analysis revealed that YB-1 affects the steady state equilibrium between the covalent hNth1-AP site Schiff base ES intermediate and the noncovalent ES intermediate containing the AP aldehydic sugar and the e-amino group of the hNth1 active site lysine. This equilibrium may be a checkpoint in modulating hNth1 activity.
Potential for large-scale submarine slope failure and tsunami generation along the U.S. mid-Atlantic coast

The outer continental shelf off southern Virginia and North Carolina might be in the initial stages of large-scale slope failure. A system of en echelon cracks, resembling small-offset normal faults, has been discovered along the outer shelf edge. Swath bathymetric data indicate that about 50 m of down-to-the-east (basinward) normal slip has occurred on these features. From a societal perspective, we need to evaluate the degree of tsunami hazard that might be posed by a major submarine landslide, such as the nearby late Pleistocene Albemarle-Currituck slide, if it nucleated on the newly discovered crack system. Toward this goal, a tsunami scenario is constructed for the nearby coastal zone based on the estimated volume and nature of the potential slide. Although a maximum tsunami height of a few to several meters is predicted, the actual extent of flooding would depend on the tidal state at the time of tsunami arrival as well as the details of the hinterland topography. The Virginia–North Carolina coastline and lower Chesapeake Bay would be most at risk, being nearby, low lying, and in a direction opposite to potential slide motion.
On n-dimensional Stirling Numbers

Stirling numbers of the first and second kind play an important part in many branches of mathematics, in particular in combinatorial analysis and statistics. For their definition and properties we refer to (5) where a whole chapter is devoted to their study. Stirling numbers have been generalized in many ways. One generalization is given in (1). In this paper we generalize the results of (1) to n dimensions. In order to simplify the notation we use methods of linear algebra.
Assessing the influence of geography, land cover and host species on the local abundance of a generalist brood parasite, the brown-headed cowbird

Aim The brown-headed cowbird is an obligate brood parasite known to exploit a large number of host species and use a variety of habitats. Much attention has been directed towards uncovering the fundamental factors that affect cowbird abundance; however, no study has evaluated these factors in the context of a biogeographic-scale analysis that takes into account spatial autocorrelation. Our primary objective was to compare the relative influence of geography, land cover and host species on the local abundance of cowbirds. Location Great Plains region of the USA. Methods We used data from the North American Breeding Bird Survey and the National Land Cover Database to examine the relationships between cowbird abundance and host species, land cover composition and geographic location of a survey route. Multiple regression models were developed for various combinations of these factors. To control for spatial autocorrelation, we used SAM 4.0 (Spatial Analysis in Macroecology) software to implement simultaneous autoregressive modelling of the error term. We then used a model comparison approach to identify the factors that most influence cowbird abundance. Results Among all models examined, host species richness was the single most strong predictor and the sole statistically significant predictor. Cowbird abundance increased with host species richness but did not change in any significant way with non-host passerine richness or abundance of host species. Models with land cover variables tended to have the poorest fit to the cowbird abundance data. Main conclusions Our results suggest that cowbirds may be attracted to areas with greater host richness and/or recruit better in such areas, although our data did not allow direct examination of either process. In a greater context, our study demonstrates the utility of a spatially based and geographically extensive analysis in finding range-wide factors that affect the local abundance of a species.
Comparative metabolism of [ 3 H]psoralen and [ 3 H]isopsoralen by black swallowtail ( Papilio polyxenes Fabr.) caterpillars

The comparative fate of tritiated preparations of a linear furanocoumarin (psoralen) and an angular furanocoumarin (isopsoralen) was determined in last-instar caterpillars of the black swallowtail butterfly (Papilio polyxenes Fabr.). Oral administration of either furanocoumarin at 5 μg/g is followed by rapid metabolism, primarily through oxidative cleavage of the furan ring, and the metabolites are rapidly excreted. Isopsoralen is, however, metabolized at a somewhat slower rate than is psoralen, and levels of unmetabolized isopsoralen in body tissues of the treated caterpillars are about three-fold higher. These data are compatible with the hypothesis that a reduced detoxification rate accounts at least in part for the susceptibility ofP. polyxenes caterpillars to the deleterious effect of isopsoralens.
Getting Off and Getting Intimate How Normative Institutional Arrangements Structure Black and White Fraternity Men’s Approaches Toward Women

Social scientists implicate high-status men as sexually objectifying women. Yet, few have investigated these men’s perceptions and accounts of their own experiences. Racial variation in gender relations in college has also received little scholarly attention. Analyzing 30 in-depth, individual interviews and surveys and two focus group interviews from Black and White men at a large university, we find racial differences in approaches toward women. More specifically, Black men exhibit more romantic approaches, whereas White men exhibit more sexual approaches. However, these differences are not solely related to race. Instead, ‘‘normative institutional arrangements’’ (e.g., community size and living arrangements) structure these approaches. We discuss the broader theoretical mechanisms regarding masculine performances, gender attitudes and behaviors, and race. In doing so, this study highlights the importance of ‘‘normative institutional arrangements’’ for understanding how the performances of masculinities ...
The Hsp90 Molecular Chaperone Complex Regulates Maltose Induction and Stability of the Saccharomyces MAL Gene Transcription Activator Mal63p

Induction of the Saccharomyces MAL structural genes encoding maltose permease and maltase requires the MAL activator, a DNA-binding transcription activator. Genetic analysis of MAL activator mutations suggested that protein folding and stability play an important role in MAL activator regulation and led us to explore the role of the Hsp90 molecular chaperone complex in the regulation of the MAL activator. Strains carrying mutations in genes encoding components of the Hsp90 chaperone complex, hsc82Δ hsp82-T101I and hsc82Δ cpr7Δ, are defective for maltase induction and exhibit significantly reduced growth rates on media containing a limiting concentration of maltose (0.05%). This growth defect is suppressed by providing maltose in excess. Using epitope-tagged alleles of the MAL63 MAL activator, we showed that Mal63p levels are drastically reduced following depletion of cellular Hsp90. Overexpression (∼3-fold) of Mal63p in the hsc82Δ hsp82-T101I and hsc82Δ cpr7Δ strains suppresses their Mal– growth phenotype, suggesting that Mal63p levels are limiting for maltose utilization in strains with abrogated Hsp90 activity. Consistent with this, the half-life of Mal63p is significantly shorter in the hsc82Δ cpr7Δ strain (reduced about 6-fold) and modestly affected in the Hsp90-ts strain (reduced about 2-fold). Most importantly, triple hemagglutinin-tagged Mal63p protein is found in association with Hsp90 as demonstrated by co-immunoprecipitation. Taken together, these results identify the inducible MAL activator as a client protein of the Hsp90 molecular chaperone complex and point to a critical role for chaperone function in alternate carbon source utilization in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Effect of Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibition on Regional Blood Flow During Hyperthermia

The loss of compensatory splanchnic vasoconstriction during hyperthermia was assessed in rats after administration of either 0, 10, 30, or 100mg/kg N(w)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester,L-NAME. Rectal temperature (T(re)), heart rate (HR), mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), breathing frequency (BF), and renal, mesenteric and caudal blood flows (Q(R), Q(M) and Q(C)) were measured until irreversible cardiovascular collapse occurred. HR, MAP and BF increased as T(re) rose to 42 degrees C, then fell as circulatory collapse occurred. As dose increased T(re) at collapse decreased. Q(M) decreased until a T(re) of 41.5-42 degrees C and then increased. Q(R) and Q(C) were unaffected by either hyperthermia orL-NAME. Inhibition of NO synthase did not prevent the circulatory collapse of heatstroke; the higher doses ofL-NAME may have exacerbated the onset of circulatory failure.
Morphogenesis in callus tissue ofMedicago sativa: The role of ammonium ion in somatic embryogenesis

Exogenously supplied ammonium ion is critical to alfalfa morphogenesis in vitro. In alfalfa, the ability to induce the formation of either roots or somatic embryos provided an opportunity to examine the effects of ammonium ion on each pattern of morphogenesis. Somatic embryo formation required a minimum of 12.5 mM NH4+ in regeneration medium for optimal expression. Root formation was inhibited by NH4+ levels of 50 mM and above, and occurred in the absence of exogenous NH4+. At high levels of NH4+ somatic embryos were formed from cells exposed to the root-inducing combination of hormones. This observation suggests that the growth regulators and exogenously supplied ammonium ion comprise an interactive system controlling the in vitro pattern of alfalfa morphogenesis.
Doing it the vendor's way: Running multiple subjects in reading experiments using Data General's Diskette Operating System

Running multiple subjects on a laboratory computer is usually a difficult problem. An easy solution is possible in certain experimental domains by using Data General’s software that allows multitask programming in FORTRAN. An example is provided, and performance of the system is discussed.
A Simple Optimal Solution for the Temporal Precedence Problem on Pure Pointer Machines

In this paper we propose an optimal solution to the Temporal Precedence problem—i.e., the problem of managing the dynamic insertion of elements in a collection and the ability to determine, given two elements, which one has been inserted first. The problem is studied on pure pointer machines, i.e., pointer machines with no arithmetic capabilities. We provide an optimal solution (i.e., O(lg lg n) worst case time per operation, if n is the number of insertions) for this problem that is considerably simpler than the solutions previously presented in the literature. We also show how the solution can be improved to allow worst case O(1) insertions and linear space complexity.
Neonatal isolation enhances hippocampal dentate response to tetanization in freely moving juvenile male rats.

The impact of early neonatal isolation on measures of hippocampal neuronal plasticity was examined in freely moving male rats at 30 days of age. Beginning on Postnatal (PN) Day 2, one-half of pups from each experimental litter were individually isolated from the nest, dam, and siblings for a period of 1 h per day over PN Days 2-9, while their siblings remained in the nest. In addition, randomly selected litters served as unhandled controls. On PN Day 26 all pups were weaned and chronically implanted for recording of evoked field potentials and induction of hippocampal long-term potentiation. At 30 days of age, pups from the three treatment groups (isolated, nonisolated siblings, and unhandled controls) were tested for their ability to establish and maintain long-term potentiation across the perforant path/hippocampal dentate granule cell synapse. Changes in population EPSP slope and population spike amplitude (PSA) recorded following tetanization were used to assess the effects of neonatal isolation on hippocampal response measures. No significant between-group differences were obtained for input/output response curves constructed prior to tetanization. All three groups showed immediate and significant enhancement of the PSA measure at 15 min posttetanization. The level of PSA enhancement obtained from previously isolated pups was significantly greater than that obtained from both the nonisolated sibling and unhandled control groups. PSA enhancement in both the nonisolated and unhandled animals decayed to baseline 48-72 h after tetanization, while isolates showed no significant decay of the PSA measure at this period. Neonatal isolation was found to significantly enhance both the magnitude and duration of dentate granule cell response to tetanizing stimulations applied during early adolescence, a full 3 weeks after termination of the isolation paradigm. The results suggest that regularly repeated isolation stress occurring during infancy has an enduring impact on dentate neuroplasticity.
Cobalt carbonyl catalyzed hydrogen transfer reactions

Abstract Co2(CO)8 and Co4(CO)12 in benzene solution at 150 °C catalyze hydrogen transfer from either of the donors 9,10-dihydroanthracene or 9-fluorenol to the hydrogen acceptor 1,1-diphenylethylene; in the process anthracene and fluorenone are formed, respectively. The reaction is very likely radical in character; preliminary studies show that the rate is dependent on both the catalyst and acceptor concentrations.
Medial Temporal Lobe Damage Causes Deficits in Episodic Memory and Episodic Future Thinking Not Attributable to Deficits in Narrative Construction

The medial temporal lobe (MTL) makes critical contributions to episodic memory, but its contributions to episodic future thinking remain a matter of debate. By one view, imagining future events relies on MTL mechanisms that also support memory for past events. Alternatively, it has recently been suggested that future thinking is independent of MTL-mediated processes and can be supported by regions outside the MTL. The current study investigated the nature and necessity of MTL involvement in imagining the future and tested the novel hypothesis that the MTL contributes to future thinking by supporting online binding processes related to narrative construction. Human amnesic patients with well characterized MTL damage and healthy controls constructed narratives about (1) future events, (2) past events, and (3) visually presented pictures. While all three tasks place similar demands on narrative construction, only the past and future conditions require memory/future thinking to mentally generate relevant narrative information. Patients produced impoverished descriptions of both past and future events but were unimpaired at producing detailed picture narratives. In addition, future-thinking performance positively correlated with episodic memory performance but did not correlate with picture narrative performance. Finally, future-thinking impairments were present when MTL lesions were restricted to the hippocampus and did not depend on the presence of neural damage outside the MTL. These results indicate that the ability to generate and maintain a detailed narrative is preserved in amnesia and suggest that a common MTL mechanism supports both episodic memory and episodic future thinking.
Measuring overall health: An evaluation of three important approaches

There is growing recognition that meaningful measures of health-related quality of life must be used to evaluate health care interventions. We examined the practicality and validity of three promising measures of overall health: the General Health Rating Index (GHRI), the Quality of Well-being Scale (QWB), and the Sickness Impact Profile (SIP). Practicality was assessed in terms of interviewer training required, administration time, and respondent burden. Content validity, convergent construct validity, and tests of discriminant validity were also evaluated. Although differing in theory and application, we found that each instrument performed according to the claims of the developers and could provide useful, valid data on overall health. The GHRI may be preferred where brief, self-administered forms are required; the QWB has advantages when health assessments are used to calculate cost-effectiveness; and the SIP is a versatile, easy to understand measure dealing with a wide range of specific dysfunctions. It is worth the required effort to include well-studied measures such as these in any trial intended to provide definitive information on the effectiveness of health care interventions.
Comparative evaluation of active contour model extensions for automated cardiac MR image segmentation by regional error assessment.

Objective In the field of cardiac MR image segmentation, active contour models, or snakes have been extensively used, owing to their promising results and to the numerous extensions proposed to improve their performance. This paper explores a methodology for evaluating cardiac MR image segmentation algorithms, which assesses the distance between computer-generated and the observer’s hand-outlined boundaries. This metric was applied to various external force extensions of the traditional snake, since no systematic comparison has been performed.
Totally Internally Reflecting Thin-Film Optical Cavities

Thin-film optical cavities formed by optical waveguides in which end faces are parallel, optically smooth, and perpendicular to waveguide surfaces are analyzed for the possibility of total internal reflection of waveguide mode ray components at the end faces. Conditions for the occurrence of this phenomena in various modes are derived and evaluated for GaAs waveguides using dispersion relations. A refractive index difference between waveguide and surrounding media of at least 4% for GaAs is necessary before total reflection at the end faces can occur. For such differences, total reflection in single mode GaAs waveguide is nearly always expected.
Clinical characteristics and outcome of patients with high defibrillation thresholds. A multicenter study.

BACKGROUNDSuccessful defibrillation by an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) depends on its ability to deliver shocks that exceed the defibrillation threshold. This study was designed to identify clinical characteristics that may predict the finding of an elevated defibrillation threshold and to describe the outcome of patients with high defibrillation thresholds.METHODS AND RESULTSThe records of 1,946 patients from 12 centers were screened to identify 90 patients (4.6%) with a defibrillation threshold greater than or equal to 25 J. Excluding three patients who received ICDs that delivered greater than 30 J, there were 81 men and six women with a mean age of 59.5 +/- 10.1 years, a mean left ventricular ejection fraction of 0.32 +/- 0.14, and a 76% prevalence of coronary artery disease. Sixty-one patients (70%) were receiving antiarrhythmic drugs, and 45 (52%) were receiving amiodarone. Seventy-one patients (82%) received an ICD. Death occurred in 27 patients--19 of the 71 (27%) with an ICD (eigh...
The Intel 80386 and new 32-bit microprocessors

Abstract After surveying the development of the Intel 86 family of microprocessors (iAPX 86, 88, 186, 286), the new, 32-Bit 80386 (iAPX 386) chip is presented. The architecture, organization and realization of the 80386 are discussed and compared with the previous models of the 86 family. Subsequently, four other 32-Bit new microprocessors (MC68020, NS32332, Z80000, WE32100) are briefly described and compared with the 80386.
Department of energy’s annealing prototype demonstration projects☆

Abstract One of the challenges utilities face in addressing technical issues associated with the aging of nuclear power plants is the long-term effect of plant operation on reactor pressure vessels. These vessels are exposed to neutrons during the operation of a reactor. For certain plants, this exposure can cause embrittlement of some of the vessel welds, which can shorten the useful life of the vessel. This reactor pressure vessel embrittlement issue has the potential to affect the continued operation of a number of US pressurized water reactor plants. However, the properties that are degraded by long-term irradiation can be recovered through a thermal annealing treatment of the vessel steel. Although a dozen Russian-designed and several US military vessels have been successfully annealed, US utilities concluded that an annealing demonstration using a US reactor pressure vessel was a prerequisite before annealing a licensed US nuclear power plant. In May 1995, the Department of Energy and Sandia National Laboratories initiated a program to evaluate the feasibility of annealing US licensed plants using two different heating technologies. One team completed its annealing prototype demonstration in July 1996, using an indirect gas-fired furnace at the uncompleted Public Service of Indiana’s Marble Hill nuclear power plant in southern Indiana. The second team’s annealing prototype demonstration using a direct heat electrical furnace at the uncompleted Consumers Power Company’s nuclear power plant at Midland, Michigan, was scheduled to be completed in early 1997, but has now been delayed indefinitely. This paper describes the Department of Energy’s annealing prototype demonstration program and the results to date for each project.
Optimality models of phage life history and parallels in disease evolution.

Abstract Optimality models constitute one of the simplest approaches to understanding phenotypic evolution. Yet they have shortcomings that are not easily evaluated in most organisms. Most importantly, the genetic basis of phenotype evolution is almost never understood, and phenotypic selection experiments are rarely possible. Both limitations can be overcome with bacteriophages. However, phages have such elementary life histories that few phenotypes seem appropriate for optimality approaches. Here we develop optimality models of two phage life history traits, lysis time and host range. The lysis time models show that the optimum is less sensitive to differences in host density than suggested by earlier analytical work. Host range evolution is approached from the perspective of whether the virus should avoid particular hosts, and the results match optimal foraging theory: there is an optimal “diet” in which host types are either strictly included or excluded, depending on their infection qualities. Experimental tests of both models are feasible, and phages provide concrete illustrations of many ways that optimality models can guide understanding and explanation. Phage genetic systems already support the perspective that lysis time and host range can evolve readily and evolve without greatly affecting other traits, one of the main tenets of optimality theory. The models can be extended to more general properties of infection, such as the evolution of virulence and tissue tropism.
The protective effect of different immunoglobulins against herpetic encephalitis and skin infection in guinea pigs.

The relationships of the γM, 7Sγ1 and 7Sγ2 immunoglobulins to the pathogenesis of herpetic skin infections and encephalitis were investigated in guinea pigs. The differences in the sequential appearance, avidity and secondary response of these immunoglobulins to booster inoculations of viral antigen and the types of imnmnological tissue injuries in immunized animals were detected. When the immunoglobulins were purified by chromatographic and electrophoretic techniques there was a 3-fold difference between the passive protective potencies of the 7 Sγ1 and 7 Sγ2 immunoglobulins. However, these immunoglobulins could protect guinea pigs only when they were given prior to the phase of exponential multiplication of the virus.
Functional Toxicogenomics: Mechanism-Centered Toxicology

Traditional toxicity testing using animal models is slow, low capacity, expensive and assesses a limited number of endpoints. Such approaches are inadequate to deal with the increasingly large number of compounds found in the environment for which there are no toxicity data. Mechanism-centered high-throughput testing represents an alternative approach to meet this pressing need but is limited by our current understanding of toxicity pathways. Functional toxicogenomics, the global study of the biological function of genes on the modulation of the toxic effect of a compound, can play an important role in identifying the essential cellular components and pathways involved in toxicity response. The combination of the identification of fundamental toxicity pathways and mechanism-centered targeted assays represents an integrated approach to advance molecular toxicology to meet the challenges of toxicity testing in the 21st century.