cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Extra vectorlike matter and the lightest Higgs scalar boson mass in low-energy supersymmetry

The lightest Higgs scalar boson mass in supersymmetry can be raised significantly by extra vectorlike quark and lepton supermultiplets with large Yukawa couplings but dominantly electroweak-singlet masses. I consider models of this type that maintain perturbative gauge coupling unification. The impact of the new particles on precision electroweak observables is found to be moderate, with the fit to $Z$-pole data as good or better than that of the standard model even if the new Yukawa couplings are as large as their fixed-point values and the extra vectorlike quark masses are as light as 400 GeV. I study the size of corrections to the lightest Higgs boson mass, taking into account the fixed-point behavior of the scalar trilinear couplings. I also discuss the decay branching ratios of the lightest new quarks and leptons and general features of the resulting collider signatures.
Hologram indexing in LiNbO 3 with a tunable pulsed laser source

The angular and wavelength selectivity characteristics of holograms written with a tunable pulsed dye laser and a cw argon laser were measured. A hologram in a 0.05% weight iron doped crystal was shown to possess ~40% broader bandwidths than a hologram written in a nominally pure crystal of the same thickness. Analyses based on these bandwidths indicate a 430–500-μm effective hologram thickness in a 1-mm thick crystal, which is of the order of the absorption length (380 μm). The implications of these results with respect to optical memories are discussed.
On neutral particle trapping in quasistatic electromagnetic fields

Abstract Some basic considerations regarding the confinement of bound neutral systems of particles in limited regions of space by slowly varying electromagnetic fields are reviewed. Electrostatic traps are described, spectroscopic linewidth is discussed, and several specific cases are described briefly. Use of a light field to lengthen the trapping time of decaying states is proposed. A universal refrigeration system utilizing trapped ions is presented, and its utility for cooling neutrals as well as other charged particles is discussed.
Terminating protein ubiquitination: Hasta la vista, ubiquitin

Ubiquitination is a post-translational modification that generally directs proteins for degradation by the proteasome or by lysosomes. However, ubiquitination has been implicated in many other cellular processes, including transcriptional regulation, DNA repair, regulation of protein-protein interactions and association with ubiquitin-binding scaffolds. Ubiquitination is a dynamic process. Ubiquitin is added to proteins by E3 ubiquitin ligases as a covalent modification to one or multiple lysine residues as well as non-lysine amino acids. Ubiquitin itself contains seven lysines, each of which can also be ubiquitinated, leading to polyubiquitin chains that are best characterized for linkages occurring through K48 and K63. Ubiquitination can also be reversed by the action of deubiquitination enzymes (DUbs). Like E3 ligases, DUbs play diverse and critical roles in cells.1 Ubiquitin is expressed as a fusion protein, as a linear repeat or as a fusion to ribosomal subunits, and DUbs are necessary to liberate free ubiquitin, making them the first enzyme of the ubiquitin cascade. Proteins destined for degradation by the proteasome or by lysosomes are deubiquitinated prior to their degradation, which allows ubiquitin to be recycled by the cell, contributing to the steady-state pool of free ubiquitin. Proteins destined for degradation by lysosomes are also acted upon by both ligases and DUbs. Deubiquitination can also act as a means to prevent protein degradation, and many proteins are thought to undergo rounds of ubiquitination and deubiquitination, ultimately resulting in either the degradation or stabilization of those proteins. Despite years of study, examining the effects of the ubiquitination of proteins remains quite challenging. This is because the methods that are currently being employed to study ubiquitination are limiting. Here, we briefly examine current strategies to study the effects of ubiquitination and describe an additional novel approach that we have developed.
Study of nystagmus suppression in the rotatory tests

Thirty one healthy subjects ranging in age between 21 and 50, participated voluntarily in the following experiment: they underwent programmed sequential alternating rotations, while their nystagmus was recorded by way of electronystagmography. The direction of rotation was changed every minute, and the total rotation time was 36 minutes. The subjects were rotated under external conditions which were altered every six minutes; these conditions included the following: 1. Rotation in the light with visual fixation and convergence. 2. Rotation in the light with visual fixation without convergence (one eye closed, the other looking at the target). 3. Rotation in the light without visual fixation (both eyes covered by a shade or by Frenzel's glasses). 4. Rotation in the dark without convergence (looking straight ahead). 5. Rotation in the dark with convergence (looking at the thumb, closely placed in front of the nose).
College Environments and Premarital Sexual Standards

College students premarital sexual standards were compared with college environment using Sterns College Climate Index to test the theory that the environment forms the standards. 10 male and 10 female undergraduates from each of 8 colleges were rated for 5 premarital sexual standards: traditional double standard permissive with affection permissive without affection and nonexploitive permissive; and for goodness of fit or match between their standards and those of their college environment. Large and nonsectarian colleges tended to promote or be more accepting of nonconventional sexual standards than small of religiously affiliated schools. Rural-urban location had no significant relationship to sexual standards. 21 of 30 scales on the index were related to students choices of sexual standards. Choosing traditional or double standards was related to college environments low in risk taking aggression humanities impulsiveness sensuality and sexuality. Students choosing permissiveness with affection tended to be from colleges with moderate scores. Students choosing permisiveness without affection came from environments low in acceptance of public criticism abasement and order and high in agression affiliation impulsivity sexuality and humanities. Choosing nonexploitiveness without affection was associated with high scores on change ego achievement fantasied achievement understanding exhibitionism risk taking science and reflectiveness. College environment seems to mediate choice of sexual standards.
Welcome to the future.

In 2010, Molecular Imaging and Biology (MIB) has entered in its ninth year, and with it, the journal has a new Editor-in-Chief, Dr. Raymond Gibson, a scientist, colleague, and friend, recently retired from Merck Sharp & Dohme. An accomplished researcher, Dr. Gibson brings to the editorial board many years of experience in molecular imaging to guide MIB to the future we all dreamed at the time of its foundation in 2002. In our first editorial (Mol Imaging Biol 4:1, 2002), the envisioned path for our journal was initially established. “MIB will be the forum for presentation of the best scientific work. The interests of MIB include basic science areas from molecular imaging probe and assay development to instrumentation design and evaluation”—we said at the time. “Although MIB focus is on in vivo studies, integration of the molecular information obtained with different imaging modalities, from single cell environments to whole-body technology in the living subject is our path, by strengthening our commitment to science and by more effectively translating new basic knowledge to patient care.” On this course, MIB has become a journal with worldwide recognition, as further evidenced by its designation as the official journal of the World Molecular Imaging Congress, the Academy of Molecular Imaging, the Society for Molecular Imaging, and the European Society for Molecular Imaging. Credit for the successful evolution of MIB over the years should primarily go to the many authors who had contributed excellent papers leading to the journal indexing by the National Library of Medicine (Pub Med, 2003) and Impact Factor rating by the Institute of Scientific Information (2004). The distinguished scientists and physicians of the editorial board, many of whom are pioneers and inventors in molecular imaging, as well as leading scientists in their disciplines, have also been instrumental to the journal's success. Special recognition is given to Mrs. Dina Boktor, our managing editor since MIB's inception, who had patiently and diligently interacted with authors, reviewers, and the publisher, always striving for excellence. Let's welcome Dr. Gibson and provide our support for his success as Editor-in-Chief. To all, my deep appreciation for an incredible ride. Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited.
Man‐made famines: Some geographical insights from an exploratory study of a millennium of Russian famines

Famines were a regular but unexpected calamity in Russia and in the Soviet Union from A.D. 971 to 1970. An analysis of seventy‐seven famines revealed that famines were not confined to specific natural regions, certain cultural areas, or select racial groups. Famines appeared throughout this millennium in the nation's best agricultural regions. Five famine zones were delimited and mapped for there was order in the diverse locations of famines. Famines tended to cluster temporally as well as geographically, but were not restricted to any zone during a specific time period in this millennium. Certain zones were subjected to many famines during specific time periods, but famines occurred in all zones at the same time period. Four basic famine types were identified, namely Transportation, Political, Cultural and Overpopulation. Droughts were not the primary factor in the creation of situations which eventually led to famines. Though natural factors contributed to famine situations, Russian and Soviet famines w...
Adverse Effects of Low Dose Amiodarone: A Meta-Analysis

Abstract Objectives. We sought to assess the odds of experiencing adverse effects with low dose amiodarone therapy compared with placebo. Background. An estimate of the likelihood of experiencing amiodarone-related adverse effects with exposure to low daily doses of the drug is lacking in the published reports, and little information is available on adverse effect event rates in control groups not receiving the drug. Methods. Data from four published trials involving 1,465 patients were included in a meta-analysis design. The criteria for inclusion were 1) double-blind, placebo-controlled design; 2) absence of a crossover design between patient groups; 3) mean follow-up of at least 12 months; 4) maintenance amiodarone dose ≤400 mg/day; and 5) presence of an explicit description of adverse effects. Data were pooled after testing for homogeneity of treatment effects across trials, and summary odds ratios were calculated by the Peto-modified Mantel-Haenszel method for each adverse effect. Results. The mean amiodarone dose per day ranged from 152 to 330 mg; 738 patients were randomized to receive amiodarone and 727 placebo. Exposure to amiodarone in this dose range, for a minimal duration of 12 months, resulted in odds similar to those of placebo for hepatic and gastrointestinal adverse effects, but in significantly higher odds than those of placebo (p Conclusions. Compared with placebo, there is a higher likelihood of experiencing several amiodarone-related adverse effects with exposure to low daily doses of the drug. Thus, although low dose amiodarone may be well tolerated, it is not free of adverse effects.
Group B streptococcal (GBS) disease screening and treatment during pregnancy: nurse-midwives' consistency with 1996 CDC recommendations.

Abstract Methodology: Five hundred thirty-nine surveys were completed by CNMs attending the 1998 American College of Nurse-Midwives’ Convention. Of these, 502 (94.7%) reported a practice policy for GBS prophylaxis. Results: The Culture-Based Approach was used by 66.7% and the Obstetrical Risk Factor Approach by 28%. Most (69%) reported using multiple culture sites, most commonly the proximal vagina and anorectal area (33.2%), followed by the distal vagina and anorectal area (26.7%), and the anorectal area and proximal and distal vagina (7.1%). Most CNMs (92.5%) reported treating GBS intrapartally, with penicillin the most frequently reported antimicrobial (55.0%) used, and most (94.2%) reporting treatment through labor until birth. Conclusion: Overall, GBS prophylaxis practices among survey respondents comply with 1996 CDC recommendations; however, GBS screening practices show room for improvement and the need for continuing education that emphasizes the CDC guidelines, updates as they become available, and other new literature about the topic. In addition, heightened awareness among all perinatal providers is needed with respect to CDC guidelines, especially as they pertain to variations in culture sites, identification of risk categories, and the selection of appropriate antimicrobial treatment agents.
MegaMIR: a Fizeau thermal infrared camera for the LBTI

The Megapixel Mid-infrared Instrument (MegaMIR) is a proposed Fizeau-mode camera for the Large Binocular Telescope operating at wavelengths between 5 and 28 μm. The camera will be used in conjunction with the Large Binocular Telescope Interferometer (LBTI), a cryogenic optical system that combines the beams from twin 8.4-m telescopes in a phase coherent manner. Unlike other interferometric systems, the co-mounted telescopes on the LBT satisfy the sine condition, providing diffraction-limited resolution over the 40" field of view of the camera. With a 22.8-m baseline, MegaMIR will yield 0.1" angular resolution, making it the highest resolution wide field imager in the thermal infrared for at least the next decade. MegaMIR will utilize a newly developed 1024 x 1024 pixel Si:As detector array that has been optimized for use at high backgrounds. This new detector is a derivative of the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) low-background detector. The combination of high angular resolution and wide field imaging will be a unique scientific capability for astronomy. Key benefits will be realized in planetary science, galactic, and extra-galactic astronomy. High angular resolution is essential to disentangle highly complex sources, particularly in star formation regions and external galaxies, and MegaMIR provides this performance over a full field of view. Because of the great impact being made by space observatories like the Spitzer Space Telescope, the number of available targets for study has greatly increased in recent years, and MegaMIR will allow efficient follow up science.
Compact and Low-cost fs Diode-pumped Cr:Colquiriite Laser Technology

Diode-pumped femtosecond Cr:Colquiriite lasers are a versatile, low-cost complementary technology to Ti:Sapphire. Modelocked tuning of >100-nm, GHz repetition-rates and timing jitters of 156 attoseconds (10 kHz-10 MHz) are demonstrated from different Cr:Colquiriite laser implementations.
Evolving Views of Public Land Values and Management of Natural Resources

Evolving views of public land values and management of natural resources. DOI:10.2458/azu_rangelands_v27i3_Quigley
Tied-state based discriminative training of context-expanded region-dependent feature transforms for LVCSR

We present a new discriminative feature transform approach to large vocabulary continuous speech recognition (LVCSR) using Gaussian mixture density hidden Markov models (GMM-HMMs) for acoustic modeling. The feature transform is formulated with a set of context-expanded region-dependent linear transforms (RDLTs) utilizing both long-span features and contextual weight expansion. The RDLTs are estimated by lattice-free, tied-state based discriminative training using maximum mutual information (MMI) criterion, while the GMM-HMMs are trained by conventional lattice-based, boosted MMI training. Compared with two baseline systems, which use RDLTs with either long-span features or weight expansion only and are trained using the conventional lattice-based discriminative training for both RDLTs and HMMs, the proposed approach achieves a relative word error rate reduction of 10% and 6% respectively on Switchboard-1 conversational telephone speech transcription task.
Synthesis of [d-ALA2, 4′-125I-PHE3, GLU4] deltorphin and characterization of its δ opioid receptor binding properties

Abstract Both [ d -Ala2, Glu4]Deltorphin and [ d -Ala2, 4′-I-Phe3, Glu4]Deltorphin are highly selective ligands for δ, relative to μ, opioid receptors. Radiolabeled [ d -Ala2, 4′-125I-Phe3, Glu4]Deltorphin ([125I]Deltorphin) was prepared with a specific activity of 2200 Ci/mmol from [ d -Ala2, 4′-NH2-Phe3, Glu4]Deltorphin through a diazonium salt intermediate. The inhibition of [125I]Deltorphin binding to rat brain membranes by ligands selective for μ, δ, and κ opioid receptors is consistent with binding by the radioligand to a single site having the properties of a δ opioid receptor. The results of these studies are in good agreement with those obtained by structurally different δ opioid receptor ligands. The similarity between the δ receptor site labeled by [125I]Deltorphin and those labeled by other δ receptor agonists, in contrast to differences seen by in vivo studies of their analgesic effects, is discussed.
An extension of the particulate model of stability analysis for mudflows.

ABSTRACT Mudflows, debris flows and solifluction sheets are shallow instability forms with a distinct texture, this being a mixture of clay or rock lumps and a soft matrix of mud. The general equations of a new approach, previously introduced in a limited version, designed to calculate the stability of this type of mixture when located on a slope are presented. The new approach takes into consideration the particulate structure of the mixture as well as the shear strength provided by the lumps and the muddy matrix. Using the new approach, the least slope angles at which two reported mudflows got mobilized in the field were predicted well.
Crisis prevention and intervention: A survey of school psychologists

A random sample of 197 practicing school psychologists who were members of the National Association of School Psychologists (NASP) completed a survey questionnaire on experiences and perceptions with regard to school crisis preparedness, prevention, and intervention. Respondents indicated having the most direct experience with student–student physical assaults, serious illness or injury of students, unexpected students deaths, suicide attempts, and guns or other weapons at school. School psychologists reported that their schools used a wide variety of prevention and intervention strategies, most of which have been advocated in the literature. Respondents reported being most involved in the implementation of crisis prevention and intervention strategies and less involved in development and evaluation. Results and implications are discussed within the context of empirically supported practices and school psychologists' readiness to assume larger roles in crisis prevention and intervention. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 41: 777–788, 2004.
Effects of mescaline, [Δ9]-tetrahydrocannabinol and pentobarbital on the auditory evoked responses in the cat

Abstract Effects of mescaline, [ Δ 9 ]-tetrahydrocannabinol ([ Δ 9 ]-THC) and pentobarbital were studied on the peak latency, area and amplitude of the waves (positive P 1 and negative N 1 ) of the averaged auditory evoked potentials in restrained conscious cats. Mescaline (5–15 mg/kg i.p.) caused a significant increase in peak latency (8–13%), area (77–195%) and amplitude (38–128%) of these waves. The onset of these changes was within 10–40 min and their duration ranged between 90–180 min. [ Δ 9 ]-THC (0.5–2 mg/kg in 4% Tween 80 i.p.) also caused a marked increase in peak latency, area and amplitude (10–25%, 113–370% and 66–310% respectively), while Tween 80 caused slight and variable effects. The effects of [ Δ 9 ]-THC had its onset within 40–105 min and lasted for more than 120–180 min. Pentobarbital (20 mg/kg i.p.) also caused an increase in the peak latency (8–23%), area (94–121%) and amplitude (119–132%) of these waves within 5–7 min. The peak effect occurred within 10–15 min and lasted for more than 100–120 min. These effects of the hallucinogens, mescaline and [ Δ 9 ]-THC thus appear to resemble those of pentobarbital, a central nervous system depressant; however the mechanism of their actions differs.
Infants' Transitions toward Adult-like Scanning

Visual scanning patterns of 6-13-week-old infants are derived from some 50 half-minute assessments in which the infants viewed static geometric figures. Measures include fixation dwell-times, saccade lengths, and the choices and sequences of saccadic targets. From the patterns of change across 3 age periods, it appears that as infants grow older an initial salience-guided scanning increasingly is replaced by volitional control over the choice of saccadic targets. The change tentatively is attributed to neural developments within later stages of the infant visual system.
Role of the Cyclic AMP Response Element Binding Complex and Activation of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases in Synergistic Activation of the Glycoprotein Hormone α Subunit Gene by Epidermal Growth Factor and Forskolin

The aim of these studies was to elucidate a role for epidermal growth factor (EGF) signaling in the transcriptional regulation of the glycoprotein hormone α subunit gene, a subunit of chorionic gonadotropin. Studies examined the effects of EGF and the adenylate cyclase activator forskolin on the expression of a transfected α subunit reporter gene in a human choriocarcinoma cell line (JEG3). At maximal doses, administration of EGF resulted in a 50% increase in a subunit reporter activity; forskolin administration induced a fivefold activation; the combined actions of EGF and forskolin resulted in synergistic activation (greater than eightfold) of the α subunit reporter. Mutagenesis studies revealed that the cyclic AMP response elements (CRE) were required and sufficient to mediate EGF-forskolin-induced synergistic activation. The combined actions of EGF and forskolin resulted in potentiated activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) enzyme activity compared with EGF alone. Specific blockade of ERK activation was sufficient to block EGF-forskolin-induced synergistic activation of the α subunit reporter. Pretreatment of JEG3 cells with a p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor did not influence activation of the α reporter. However, overexpression of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)-interacting protein 1 as a dominant interfering molecule abolished the synergistic effects of EGF and forskolin on the α subunit reporter. CRE binding studies suggested that the CRE complex consisted of CRE binding protein and EGF-ERK-dependent recruitment of c-Jun–c-Fos (AP-1) to the CRE. A dominant negative form of c-Fos (A-Fos) that specifically disrupts c-Jun–c-Fos DNA binding inhibited synergistic activation of the α subunit. Thus, synergistic activation of the α subunit gene induced by EGF-forskolin requires the ERK and JNK cascades and the recruitment of AP-1 to the CRE binding complex.
Gender Differences in Emotion Regulation: An fMRI Study of Cognitive Reappraisal:

Despite strong popular conceptions of gender differences in emotionality and striking gender differences in the prevalence of disorders thought to involve emotion dysregulation, the literature on the neural bases of emotion regulation is nearly silent regarding gender differences (Gross, 2007; Ochsner & Gross, in press). The purpose of the present study was to address this gap in the literature. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we asked male and female participants to use a cognitive emotion regulation strategy (reappraisal) to down-regulate their emotional responses to negatively valenced pictures. Behaviorally, men and women evidenced comparable decreases in negative emotion experience. Neurally, however, gender differences emerged. Compared with women, men showed (a) lesser increases in prefrontal regions that are associated with reappraisal, (b) greater decreases in the amygdala, which is associated with emotional responding, and (c) lesser engagement of ventral striatal regions, which are associated with reward processing. We consider two non-competing explanations for these differences. First, men may expend less effort when using cognitive regulation, perhaps due to greater use of automatic emotion regulation. Second, women may use positive emotions in the service of reappraising negative emotions to a greater degree. We then consider the implications of gender differences in emotion regulation for understanding gender differences in emotional processing in general, and gender differences in affective disorders.
Expression of a Mutant (Arg92Gln) Human Cardiac Troponin T, Known to Cause Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy, Impairs Adult Cardiac Myocyte Contractility

Abstract The mechanism(s) by which mutations in sarcomeric proteins cause hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) remains unknown. A leading hypothesis proposes that mutant sarcomeric proteins impair cardiac myocyte contractility, providing an impetus for compensatory hypertrophy. To test this hypothesis, we determined the impact of expression of a mutant (Arg92Gln) human cardiac troponin T (cTnT), known to cause HCM in humans, on adult cardiac myocyte contractility. A full-length human cTnT cDNA was cloned, and the Arg92Gln mutation was induced. Recombinant adenoviruses Ad5/CMV/cTnT-N and Ad5/CMV/cTnT-Arg92Gln were generated through homologous recombination. Adult feline cardiac myocytes were infected with recombinant adenoviruses or a control viral vector (Ad5ΔE1) at a multiplicity of infection of 100. Expression levels of the full-length normal and mutant cTnT proteins were equal on Western blots. Expression of the exogenous cTnT proteins in cardiac myocytes was also shown by immunocytochemistry and immunofl...
Parylene coated silicon probes for neural prosthesis

Silicon neural prosthetic probes require reliable sensing electrodes able to access deep cortical structures without breakage. However, manufacturing limitations have prevented a strong and biocompatible silicon electrode array from reaching this goal. We here demonstrate the first high-density, parylene-coated silicon probe (1.2 cm long) with micro-fabricated electrodes that is able to be inserted in vivo without failure. This work also presents new experimental results for array shank deflection testing, lifetime soak testing as well as the in vitro electrical characterization of the gold and platinum micro-electrodes. These results allow us to optimize the geometry and treatment for both the silicon probe and the metal electrodes.
Involving Family in Psychosocial Interventions for Chronic Illness

Interactions with close family members have consequences for the emotional and physical well-being of individuals who are dealing with a chronic physical illness. Therefore, inclusion of a close family member in psychosocial interventions for chronic illnesses is a logical treatment approach that has the potential to boost the effects of intervention on the patient and also benefit the family member. However, randomized, controlled studies indicate that such family-oriented interventions generally have small effects. The efficacy of these treatment approaches might be enhanced by targeting specific interactions that emerging research identifies as promoting or derailing healthy behaviors and by better incorporating strategies from family caregiver interventions. In addition, family-oriented interventions should be more fully evaluated, by assessing the benefits for both patients and family members. Future research in this area can tell us much about how and when to involve family in treatment of specific ...
EVALUATION OF OUR THOUGHTS ON SECONDARY PLANT SUBSTANCES

The paper presents and evaluates modern concepts about the role of the secondary plant substances in the host selection of phytophagous insects. It deals with the following main topics: A. The role of nutrients in host selection. B. The concept of utilization in this context. C. The role of the secondary substances as attractants. D. The role of the secondary substances as repellents. The conclusion is reached that host selection is principally guided by the presence and/or absence of secondary substances, and that qualitatively and quantitatively nutrients can play only a very minor part, if one at all, in this context. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG BEWERTUNG UNSERER VORSTELLUNGEN UBER SEKUNDARE PFLANZENSTOFFE Die Arbeit bringt und beurteilt moderne Auffassungen uber die Rolle der sekundaren Pflanzeninhaltsstoffe bei der Wirtswahl phytophager Insekten. Sie enthalt die folgenden Hauptabschnitte: A. Die Rolle der Nahrstoffe bei der Wirtswahl. B. Die Auffassung der Ausnutzung in diesem Zusammenhang. C. Die Rolle der sekundaren Pflanzenstoffe als Attraktants. D. Die Rolle der sekundaren Pflanzenstoffe als Repellents. Es wird die Schlusfolgerung gezogen, das die Wirtspflanzenwahl grundsatzlich von der Gegenwart und/oder dem Fehlen sekundarer Pflanzenstoffe bestimmt wird, und Nahrstoffe, wenn uberhaupt, in diesem Zusammenhang, quantitativ und qualitativ nur eine sehr untergeordnete Rolle spielen konnen.
The autosomal dominant spinocerebellar ataxias: emerging mechanistic themes suggest pervasive Purkinje cell vulnerability

The spinocerebellar ataxias are a genetically heterogeneous group of disorders with clinically overlapping phenotypes arising from Purkinje cell degeneration, cerebellar atrophy and varying degrees of degeneration of other grey matter regions. For 22 of the 32 subtypes, a genetic cause has been identified. While recurring themes are emerging, there is no clear correlation between the clinical phenotype or penetrance, the type of genetic defect or the category of the disease mechanism, or the neuronal types involved beyond Purkinje cells. These phenomena suggest that cerebellar Purkinje cells may be a uniquely vulnerable neuronal cell type, more susceptible to a wider variety of genetic/cellular insults than most other neuron types.
The treatment of morbus haemolyticus neonatorum (familial erythroblastosis foetalis); guiding lines for experiments towards an improvement.

Summary. The conception that Rh incompatibility between mother and foetus is the cause of familial erythroblastosis foetalis (morbus haemolyticus neonatorum) to far more than 90% has considerably helped on the diagnosis and prognosis of this complaint. On the other hand, the elucidation of the pathogenesis has meant no material advance in the therapy, apart from the use of Rh-negative blood in transfusions to children with this disease. Judging from his own material, the author considers this improvement of the transfusion therapy to imply only a very modest step forward in the results of our treatment Guiding-lines are given for practical experiments to find a protective substance against the haemolytic action of the Rh antibodies in the child's body. It is preliminarily stated that a certain effect of this kind might possibly be ascribed to progesterone. The risk of contracting morbus haemolyticus neonatorum is not decreased for children taken from Rh-immunised women by means of a caesarean section before the onset of labour, not even if this is done several weeks before term.
Genotyping Energy-Transfer-Cassette-labeled Short-Tandem-Repeat Amplicons with Capillary Array Electrophoresis Microchannel Plates

Background: Genetic analysis of microsatellite DNA is a powerful tool used in linkage analysis, gene mapping, and clinical diagnosis. To address the expanding needs of studies of short tandem repeats (STRs), we demonstrated high-performance STR analysis on a high-throughput microchannel plate-based platform. Methods: Energy-transfer-cassette-labeled STR amplicons were separated and typed on a microfabricated 96-channel radial capillary array electrophoresis (CAE) microchannel plate system. Four-color detection was accomplished with a laser-excited confocal fluorescence rotary scanner. Results: Multiplex STR analysis with single base-pair resolution was demonstrated on denaturing polyacrylamide gel media. The high-throughput multiplex capabilities of this genetic analysis platform were demonstrated by the simultaneous separation of STR amplicons representing 122 samples in ninety-six 5.5-cm-long channels in <8 min. Sizing values obtained for these amplicons on the CAE microchannel plate were comparable to those measured on a conventional commercial CAE instrument and exhibit <1% sizing variance. Conclusions: Energy-transfer-cassette labeling and microfabricated CAE microchannel plates allow high-performance multiplex STR analyses.
BINDING ENERGY OF THE SELF-TRAPPED MAGNETIC POLARON: EFFECT OF THE INTRA-SUBLATTICE ELECTRON HOPPING

We study the energetic stability of the self-trapped magnetic polaron in an antiferromagnetic lattice of localized spins, including the effects of the intra-sublattice hopping which allows electron transfer within the same magnetic sublattice. The model consists of an itinerant electron moving in a one-dimensional antiferromagnetic lattice of localized spins. In addition to the first and the second neighbor electron hopping, terms describing the superexchange between the localized spins as well as the Hund's-rule coupling between the electron and the localized spins are included in the model Hamiltonian. The ground-state energy of the self-trapped polaron with the resulting ferromagnetic core region is compared with the energy of the propagating state in the antiferromagnetic lattice. We find the magnetic polaron to be self-trapped for all values of the Hamiltonian parameters, although the intra-sublattice hopping substantially reduces the polaron binding energy.
Light-induced tetracycline accumulation by Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides.

Light has been used as a primary energy source in studies of tetracycline transport by Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides. Accumulation of the antibiotic occurs in light, while efflux occurs in dark. Both fluorescence enhancement and radioisotopic tracing have been used to monitor transport. Km's obtained from both techniques are similar. Light-induced accumulation of tetracyclines is inhibited by a variety of inhibitors, including antimycin A, N-ethylmaleimide, carbonylcyanide m-chloro-phenylhydrazone, and 2,4-dinitrophenol. A rapid efflux is observed after loading when cells are placed in the dark or treated with inhibitors.
Delay analysis of BiNMOS driver including high current transients

The BiNMOS gate delay analysis including high current transients has been developed. The modeling equations account for the high electric field effect in the nMOS transistor and emitter crowding, base pushout, and base conductivity modulation in the bipolar transistor. In examining the switching transient of a BiNMOS driver, the base pushout mechanism exhibits a detrimental effect on the gate propagation delay. The circuit modeling methodology provides a fast turn-around design evaluation of sensitivity of process and device parameters into circuit performance. Computer simulation of a BiNMOS driver using the present analysis is compared with PISCES device simulation in support of physical reasoning. >
Measurement and autocorrelation analysis of two‐dimensional light‐scattering patterns from living cells for label‐free classification

We incorporate optics and an ICCD to record the two-dimensional angular optical scattering (TAOS) patterns retrieved from single aerosolized cells. We analyze these patterns by performing autocorrelations and demonstrate that we are able to retrieve cell size from the locations of the secondary maxima. Additional morphological information is contained in the autocorrelation functions and decay rate of the heights of the autocorrelation peaks. We demonstrate these techniques with C6 and Y79 cells, which are readily distinguishable. One key advantage of this methodology is that there is no requirement for antibody and fluorescent labeling molecules. Published 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
An Investigation of Higher-Order Closure Models for a Forested Canopy

Simultaneous triaxial sonic anemometer velocity measurements vertically arrayed at six levels within and above a uniform pine forest were used to examine two parameterization schemes for the triple-velocity correlation tensor employed in higher-order closure models. These parameterizations are the gradient-diffusion approximation typically used in second-order closure models, and the full budget for the triple-velocity correlation tensor typically employed in third-order closure models. Both second- and third-order closure models failed to reproduce the measured profiles of the triple-velocity correlation within and above the canopy. However, the Reynolds stress tensor profiles (including velocity variances) deviated greatly from the measurements only within the lower levels of the canopy. It is shown that the Reynolds stresses are most sensitive to the parameterization of the triple-velocity correlation in these lower canopy regions where local turbulent production is negligible and turbulence is mainly sustained by the flux transport term. The failure of the third-order closure model to reproduce the measured third moments in the upper layers of the canopy-top contradicts conclusions from a previous study over shorter vegetation but agrees with another study for a deciduous forest. Whether the third-order closure model failure is due to the zero-fourth-cumulant closure approximation is therefore considered. Comparisons between measured and predicted quadruple velocity correlations suggest that the zero-fourth-cumulant approximation is valid close to the canopy-atmosphere in agreement with recent experiments.
Evidence that Complex Formation by Bas1p and Bas2p (Pho2p) Unmasks the Activation Function of Bas1p in an Adenine- Repressible Step of ADE Gene Transcription

Bas1p and Bas2p (Pho2p) are Myb-related and homeodomain DNA binding proteins, respectively, required for transcription of adenine biosynthetic genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The repression of ADE genes in adenine-replete cells involves down-regulation of the functions of one or both of these activator proteins. A LexA-Bas2p fusion protein was found to activate transcription from a lexAop-lacZ reporter independently of both BAS1 function and the adenine levels in the medium. In contrast, a LexA-Bas1p fusion activated the lexAop reporter in a BAS2-dependent and adenine-regulated fashion. The DNA binding activity of Bas2p was not needed for its ability to support activation of the lexAop reporter by LexA-Bas1p, indicating that LexA-Bas1p recruits Bas2p to this promoter. The activation functions of both authentic Bas1p and LexA-Bas1p were stimulated under adenine-repressing conditions by overexpression of Bas2p, suggesting that complex formation by these proteins is inhibited in adenine-replete cells. Replacement of Asp-617 with Asn in Bas1p or LexA-Bas1p allowed either protein to activate transcription under repressing conditions in a manner fully dependent on Bas2p, suggesting that this mutation reduces the negative effect of adenine on complex formation by Bas1p and Bas2p. Deletions of N-terminal and C-terminal segments from the Bas1p moiety of LexA-Bas1p allowed high-level activation by the truncated proteins independently of Bas2p and adenine levels in the medium. From these results we propose that complex formation between Bas1p and Bas2p unmasks a latent activation function in Bas1p as a critical adenine-regulated step in transcription of the ADE genes.
Optoacoustic measurement of optical absorption in acetylene smoke

Optoacoustic measurements of acetylene smoke in a simple nonresonant cell at wavelengths of 0.5145 and 10.6 μm give specific absorption coefficients AA of 8.3 ±0.9 and 0.76 ±0.1 m2 g−1, respectively. In the visible region, about 85% of the total optical attenuation is due to absorption. These data are consistent with a simple model in which the smoke is comprised of agglomerated carbon spheres. The experimentally determined responsivity of the optoacoustic cell is in good agreement with theory.
Dissipative Feedback Control of a Reverberant Enclosure Using a Constant Volume Velocity Source

Output feedback control using a collocated pressure sensor and a constant volume velocity source can directly dissipate acoustic power from an enclosure. Performance and stability problems encountered in implementing such an acoustic damper are a result of transduction device dynamics. In this work, a loudspeaker is compensated so that it approximates a constant volume velocity source over the piston mode frequency range. This essentially moves the speaker dynamics out of the control bandwidth. The approximate constant volume velocity source, in addition to appropriate feedback control law selection, yields a controller that more effectively removes acoustic energy from the system. This control strategy is applied to a rigid-wall enclosure in order to reduce the acoustic energy of the system while being subjected to low frequency, broadband noise. The results are compared to the performance of a similar static gain feedback controller using an uncompensated actuator. The performance of the proposed controller is also compared to a dynamic, model-based controller designed using HZ optimization in conjunction with the uncompensated actuator. The results show that the static gain feedback controller using the approximate constant volume velocity source offers definite advantages in terms of stability and performance over the controller using an uncompensated speaker. The results also indicate that the performance of the controller rivals that of
Distributed Channel Access Scheduling for Ad Hoc Networks using Virtual MIMO

We propose the distributed channel access scheduling using virtual MIMO protocol (CHAMP). In CHAMP, nodes build a channel schedule in a distributed fashion to utilize the spatial multiplexing gain of virtual MIMO links. We also use a cooperative relay strategy to fully utilize the available degrees of freedom of virtual antenna arrays. We analyze the single-hop saturation throughput of CHAMP and evaluate its multi-hop performance through simulation. The results show that CHAMP can achieve better performance than a contention-based MAC protocol using MIMO links.
Investigation of the conformational states of Wzz and the Wzz.O-antigen complex under near-physiological conditions.

Chain length determinant protein (Wzz) has been postulated to terminate the polymerization and regulate the chain length of the O-polysaccharide (O-antigen), an important component for constructing lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. The investigation to understand the mechanism of Wzz has been largely slowed down due to lack of structural information. In this report, we have applied small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) to study the conformational state and molecular properties of Wzz and the Wzz‚O-antigen complex under near-physiological conditions. No concentration- dependent aggregation or structural changes, but repulsive intermolecular interactions between Wzz molecules, are suggested in the concentration series studies. The SAXS studies suggest that Wzz protein appears to be elongated and exists as a tetramer in solution. The reconstructed model built from SAXS data indicates that the middle regime of Wzz, most likely representing the periplasmic domain, contributes to the Wzz oligomerization, which has been proposed to be correlated to the function of Wzz. The immunoblotting analyses also demonstrate that the putative coiled-coil region in the periplasmic region contributes to the oligomerization. Further, the SAXS data corresponding to Wzz and the Wzz‚O-antigen complex indicate an apparent substrate (O-antigen)-induced conformational change, consistent with previous circular dichroism studies. Our finding may shed light on the biological mechanism of Wzz as a chain length determinant of O-antigen.
Emotional response to the ano‐genital examination of suspected sexual abuse

Introduction: Concerns have arisen among professionals working with children regarding potential emotional distress as a result of the ano-genital examination for suspected child sexual abuse. The purpose of this study was to describe and compare children's anxiety immediately preceding and immediately following the medical assessment of suspected child sexual abuse, including the ano-genital exam, and to examine demographic characteristics of those children reporting clinically significant anxiety. Method: In this descriptive study, children between the ages of 8 to 18 years of age requiring an ano-genital examination for concerns of suspected sexual abuse presenting to the Child Assessment Center of the Center for Child and Family Advocacy at Nationwide Children's Hospital were asked to participate. The Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children (MASC-10) was utilized in the study. The MASC-10 was completed by the child before and after the physical exam for suspected sexual abuse. Results: Although most (86%) children gave history of sexual abuse during their forensic interview, the majority (83%) of children in this study did not report clinically significant anxiety before or after the child sexual abuse examination. Children reporting clinically significant anxiety were more likely to have a significant cognitive disability, give history of more invasive forms of sexual abuse, have a chronic medical diagnosis, have a prior mental health diagnosis, have an ano-genital exam requiring anal or genital cultures, and lack private/public medical insurance. Discussion: A brief assessment of child demographics should be solicited prior to exam. Children sharing demographic characteristics listed above may benefit from interventions to decrease anxiety regardless of provider ability to detect anxiety. Language: en
An Empirical Study of the Relationships among Purchasing Skills and Strategic Purchasing, Financial Performance, and Supplier Responsiveness

Three hypotheses are tested to determine if purchasing skills are related to strategic purchasing, a firm's financial performance, and supplier responsiveness. To test the hypotheses, a survey was administered to a sample of purchasing vice presidents, directors, and managers. A holdout sample was used for exploratory data analysis to test for type (manufacturing compared to non-manufacturing firms) and size (large compared to small firms). A regression analysis of the remaining sample of 85 surveys indicated that purchasing skills were related to strategic purchasing, a firm's financial performance, and supplier responsiveness. Both research and managerial implications are discussed.