cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Limitation of infarct expansion and ventricular remodeling by late reperfusion. Study of time course and mechanism in a rat model.

BACKGROUND Reperfusion of acutely infarcted myocardium may be beneficial in limiting infarct expansion and ventricular remodeling even if established after the time that salvage of ischemic myocardium is possible. METHODS AND RESULTS To examine the permanency, time course, and mechanism of this effect of late reperfusion, 200 rats were randomized into one of four groups: (1) infarction with reperfusion after 1 to 2 hours, (2) infarction with reperfusion after 6 to 8 hours, (3) infarction without reperfusion, and (4) sham operation. Surviving rats were killed at either 7 days, when infarct expansion has plateaued, or 21 days, when infarct healing is complete. In both 7- and 21-day analyses, late reperfusion did not reduce infarct size or degree of transmural necrosis but significantly limited infarct expansion, as measured by an index based on infarct endocardial segment lengthening and infarct wall thinning (expansion index at 7 days: no reperfusion, 2.73 +/- 0.25, n = 13; reperfusion after 1 to 2 hours, 1.56 +/- 0.13, n = 23, P < .001; reperfusion after 6 to 8 hours, 1.78 +/- 0.15, n = 16, P = .002; at 21 days: no reperfusion, 3.45 +/- 0.39, n = 13; reperfusion after 1 to 2 hours, 2.21 +/- 0.24, n = 15, P = .01; reperfusion after 6 to 8 hours, 2.02 +/- 0.20, n = 9, P = .01). Reperfusion after 6 to 8 hours was equally effective in limiting expansion as reperfusion after 1 to 2 hours. Late reperfusion also significantly reduced ventricular remodeling at 21 days, as measured by an index based on left ventricular cavity dilatation and noninfarcted myocardial hypertrophy (remodeling index at 21 days: no reperfusion, 2.67 +/- 0.15, n = 13; reperfusion after 1 to 2 hours, 2.20 +/- 0.15, n = 15, P = .035; reperfusion after 6 to 8 hours, 2.12 +/- 0.10, n = 9, P = .012). Histological examination revealed that reperfusion accelerated the clearance of residual dead myofibrils, suggesting an increase in the rate of healing, and increased the degree of myocytolysis but did not change the final degree of infarct healing, tissue density, or viable subepicardial cells. CONCLUSIONS Late reperfusion causes a permanent reduction in postinfarction expansion that is present even after complete infarct healing. The time after coronary occlusion in which reperfusion is of benefit in reducing subsequent expansion and remodeling is substantially longer than previously established. The mechanism by which late reperfusion limits expansion may involve changing the rate of healing and the nature of myocardial necrosis but does not involve preserving subepicardial cells.
The aperture admittance of a circumferential slot in a circular cylinder

A circumferential slot in an infinitely long cylinder when fed with a tangential electric field is considered. Parseval's theorem, in which Fourier integrals appear, is used to express the aperture admittance as the integral from zero to infinity of an infinite series. Recognizing that the first two terms of this infinite series have a nonintegrable singularity when the variable of integration w is equal to the wavenumber k, the authors distort slightly the contour of integration to avoid k. The terms of the infinite series are then approximated when w is close to k. A combination of numerical and analytical schemes employing both large and small argument approximations of Hankel functions is used to perform the integration. It has been found that these integration schemes work very well, and a simple and fast algorithm has resulted. >
Scout: Outdoor Localization Using Active RFID Technology

The growing convergence among mobile computing devices and smart sensors boosts the development of ubiquitous computing and smart spaces, where localization is an essential part for realizing the big vision. Due to their large size, high cost, and high power consumption, the current widely accepted outdoor localization methods based on GPS and cellular techniques are not suitable for tracking numerous small size and limited power objects. In this paper, we present Scout, an easy-setup and cost- effective outdoor localization system based on off-the- shelf active RFID systems and a probabilistic localization algorithm, which is compatible with the future smart spaces and ubiquitous computing systems. The proposed algorithm is robust to measurement uncertainty and self-adjustive to varying outdoor environments. Using MATLAB simulations, we investigate the system performance dependence on a number of system and environmental parameters. The simulation results prove that the proposed system is an accurate and cost-effective candidate for outdoor localization.
The SHS2 module is a common structural theme in functionally diverse protein groups, like Rpb7p, FtsA, GyrI, and MTH1598/TM1083 superfamilies

Using structural comparisons, we identified a novel domain with a simple fold in the bacterial cell division ATPase FtsA, the archaeo-eukaryotic RNA polymerase subunit Rpb7p, the GyrI superfamily, and the uncharacterized MTH1598/Tm1083-like proteins. The fold contains a core of 3 strands, forming a curved sheet, and a single helix in a strand-helix-strand-strand (SHS2) configuration. The SHS2 domain may exist either in single or duplicate copies within the same polypeptide. The single-copy versions of the domain in FtsA and Rbp7p are most closely related, and appear to mediate protein-protein interactions by means of strand 1, and the loop between strand 2 and strand 3 of the domain. We predict that the interactions between FtsA and its functional partners in bacterial cell division are likely to be similar to the interactions of Rbp7p in the archaeo-eukaryotic RNA polymerase complex. The dimeric versions typified by the GyrI superfamily appear to have been adapted for small-molecule binding. Sequence profiles searches helped us to identify several new versions of the GyrI superfamily, including a family of secreted forms that is found only in animals and the bacterial pathogen Leptospira. Through sequence-structure comparisons, we predict the positions that are likely to be important for ligand specificity in the GyrI superfamily. In the MTH1598/Tm1083-like proteins, a SHS2 domain is inserted into the loop between strand 1 and helix 1 of another SHS2 domain. This has resulted in a structure that has convergent similarities with the Hsp33 and green fluorescent protein folds. The sequence conservation pattern and its phyletic profile suggest that it might function as an enzyme in some conserved aspect of nucleic acid metabolism. Thus, the SHS2 domain is an example of a simple module that has been adapted to perform an entire spectrum of functions ranging from protein-protein interactions to small-molecule recognition and catalysis.
Observations of Typhoon Melissa during the Lidar In-Space Technology Experiment (LITE)

Abstract The Lidar In-Space Technology Experiment (LITE) provided the first high-resolution (15 m) vertical profiling of clouds and aerosols from space. The LITE instrument flew aboard the space shuttle as its prime payload during Space Transportation System (STS)-64 from 9 to 20 September 1994. The lidar obtained vertical profiles of backscatter data at 1.064-, 0.532-, and 0.355-μm wavelengths through a cross section of Typhoon Melissa on 15 and 17 September 1994 during the strengthening and weakening phases of the cyclone. These data provide a unique high-resolution view of aerosols, clouds, and precipitation within the eye, eyewall, and cirrus shield of a tropical cyclone. The data show precipitation cascading from the eyewall into a 27-km-wide eye at the surface, with a clear column of air adjacent to the eyewall and surrounding the boundary layer clouds within the eye. During the weakening phase, the convection is found to be unorganized and weak near the center of circulation. By this time, Typhoon ...
Intrafamily conflict in relation to boys' adjustment at school

Several theoretical models of child development have posited the spread of conflict within families; however, few researchers have studied this process in association with relationships children have with teachers and peers at school. The present study examined the direct, additive, and interactive contributions of interparental, parent–child, and sibling conflict in relation to teacher–child and child–peer conflict in a sample of 117 low-income boys from ages 3.5 to 6 years. Overall, the results suggest that while conflict in any one dyadic family relationship is only modestly associated with later conflictual relationships at school, risk for conflict in relationships with teachers and peers increases when multiple forms of early family conflict are experienced. Results are discussed in terms of the development of conflict across early relationships.
Using haptics to probe human contact control strategies for six degree-of-freedom tasks

Transferring human contact-manipulation skills to robots is complicated by the combinatorial growth in contact state descriptions with object and environment complexity, with no systematic method to characterize the subset of contact states that humans actually control. In this paper, we present an approach to determine whether human subjects control specific contact states. Subjects used a six degree-of-freedom haptic interface to place a box on a plane, and insert L- and S-shaped objects into corresponding holes, while using either their (undetermined) natural strategies or explicitly controlling a pre-specified sequence of contact states. We found that the vast majority of contact states were visited for time periods of less than 40ms, which negates the possibility of human feedback control due to physiological delay limits. Next, using force, moment and velocity trajectories around contact state transitions as a metric, we found that certain states were readily discriminable across natural and explicit control strategies (~ 85%), which indicates that they were not controlled during natural motions. Less discriminable states, in contrast, were likely to have been controlled in both natural and explicit strategies. Our results suggest that humans explicitly control a small subset of contact states, and that their control strategies are reflected in local force and velocity profiles. We thus demonstrate that six degree-of-freedom haptic simulations are effective for characterizing human contact-state invariant control strategies.
Voltage-gated calcium channels and pain

Voltage-gated calcium channels have been shown to play a role in the development of chronic pain. Much is known about specific subtypes as well as specific subunits of voltage-gated calcium channels in pain. These channels provide a therapeutic opportunity in managing chronic pain. N-type and T-type voltage-gated calcium channels are the most studied subtypes in regard to pain. The role of the subunit α 2 δ has also been studied. This article reviews the evidence for the role of these channels in pain.
Adequacy of inhale/exhale breathhold CT based ITV margins and image-guided registration for free-breathing pancreas and liver SBRT

Purpose To evaluate use of breath-hold CTs and implanted fiducials for definition of the internal target volume (ITV) margin for upper abdominal stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). To study the statistics of inter- and intra-fractional motion information.
Information quality issues in municipal governments

E-government initiatives rely on information as the central resource for transparency in interactions between governments, citizens, and enterprises. The availability and quality of information is critical for the successful achievement of e-government. This paper details the findings of our study of the technology infrastructure and information sharing practices of 12 New York State local governments. We discovered a number of key information quality issues that plague local governments such as data fragmentation, redundancy, and conflict. We explain how these issues have an immediate impact on the work of the government employees and quality of service to citizens, and a longer-term impact as a barrier to e-government initiatives. Additionally, we detail factors that contribute to issues of information quality and suggest ways to address these issues and ultimately enable more efficient government.
Classical infrared mixing with solid state diodes

Abstract It is shown that classical infrared diode mixing can compete with straight quantum detector diodes even if the available power gain of the diode mixer is as small as 10 −5 –10 −6 . To shed light on the diode mixer problem, the small signal diode detector problem is discussed, the effect of the series resistance r of the diode is dealt with and the time constants that may be operating in the device are evaluated. It is shown that Schottky barrier diodes operating in the diffusion mode are probably too slow, even though the response problem has not been solved exactly. Schottky barrier diodes operating in the thermionic mode are better; they can be understood in terms of a vacuum tube analogy, indicating that the characteristic time constant is the transit time of those electrons that just pass the barrier. Diodes operating in the tunneling mode have probably the fastest response, but an exact theory has not been developed. An interesting series resonance method is discussed that may lead to improved detector response near the resonance frequency.
Electric Field Pulse Trains Occurring Prior to the First Stroke in Negative Cloud-to-Ground Lightning

In this study, we examine the characteristics of electric field pulse trains that are attributed to preliminary breakdown in negative cloud-to-ground lightning discharges and compare them to those of similar pulse trains associated with attempted cloud-to-ground leaders. The data were acquired in 2006 in Gainesville, Florida. The largest pulses in the train can exceed in magnitude the following first return-stroke pulse. The arithmetic mean pulse duration and interpulse interval for pulse trains in negative cloud-to-ground discharges are 4.8 and 65 mus, respectively. The arithmetic mean pulse duration and interpulse interval for pulse trains in attempted cloud-to-ground leaders are 17 and 73 mus, respectively. This implies that pulse trains in ground discharges contain a larger fraction of ldquonarrowrdquo pulses (apparently disregarded in previous studies), defined here as those with durations equal to or less than 4 mus, than the pulse trains in attempted cloud-to-ground leaders. Submicrosecond-scale pulses are observed as part of pulse trains associated with cloud-to-ground discharges, but not with attempted leaders. We also examine the occurrence of pulses of different duration and amplitude in different parts of the preliminary breakdown pulse train of ground discharges. Pulses with larger durations (>4 mus) tend to occur in the initial part of pulse train.
High-efficiency, high-speed VCSELs for optical interconnects

High-efficiency, high-speed, tapered-oxide-apertured vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) emitting at 980 nm have been demonstrated. By carefully engineering the tapered oxide aperture, the mode volume can be greatly reduced without adding much optical scattering loss for the device sizes of interest. Consequently, these devices can achieve higher bandwidth at lower current and power dissipation. In addition, the parasitics are reduced by implementing deep oxidation layers and an improved p-doping scheme in the top mirror. Our devices show modulation bandwidth exceeding 20 GHz, a record for 980 nm VCSELs. Moreover, 35 Gb/s operation has been achieved at only 10 mW power dissipation. This corresponds to a data-rate/power-dissipation ratio of 3.5 Gbps/mW. Most importantly, our device structure is compatible with existing manufacturing processes and can be easily manufactured in large volume making them attractive for optical interconnects.
The Nuclear Localization Sequences of the BRCA1 Protein Interact with the Importin-α Subunit of the Nuclear Transport Signal Receptor

The BRCA1 gene product is a nuclear phosphoprotein that is aberrantly localized in the cytoplasm of most breast cancer cells. In an attempt to elucidate the potential mechanism for the nuclear transport of BRCA1 protein, three regions of highly charged, basic residues, 503KRKRRP508, 606PKKNRLRRKS615, and 651KKKKYN656, were identified as potential nuclear localization signals (NLSs). These three regions were subsequently mutated to 503KLP508, 607KLS615, and 651KLN656, respectively. Wild-type and mutated proteins were tagged with the flag epitope, expressed in human DU145 cells, and detected with the M2 monoclonal antibody. In DU145 cells, the KLP mutant completely fails to localize in nuclei, whereas the KLS mutant is mostly cytoplasmic with occasional nuclear localization. The KLN protein is always located in nuclei. Consistently, hSRP1α (importin-α), a component of the NLS receptor complex, was identified in a yeast two-hybrid screen using BRCA1 as the bait. The specificity of the interaction between BRCA1 and importin-α was further demonstrated by showing that the 503KRKRRP508 and 606PKKNRLRRKS615 regions, but not 651KKKKYN656, are critical for this interaction. To determine if the cytoplasmic mislocation of endogenous BRCA1 in breast cancer cells is due to a deficiency of the cells, wild-type BRCA1 protein tagged with the flag epitope was ectopically expressed in six breast cancer cell lines. The analysis demonstrated that, in all six, this protein localized in the cytoplasm of these cells. In contrast, expression of the construct in four non-breast cancer cell lines resulted in nuclear localization. These data support the possibility that the mislocation of the BRCA1 protein in breast cancer cells may be due to a defect in the cellular machinery involved in the NLS receptor-mediated pathway of nuclear import.
Two paths to interoperable metadata

This paper describes a prototype for a Web service that translates between pairs of metadata schemas. Despite a current trend toward encoding in XML and XSLT, we present arguments for a design that features a more distinct separation of syntax from semantics. The result is a system that auomates routine processes, has a well-defined place for human input, and achieves a clean separation of the document data model, the document translations, and the machinery of the application.
The Preparation of Oncology Nurses in Palliative Care

Objectives To address the opportunities for oncology nurses to prepare for and provide palliative care support to cancer patients and families. Data Sources A review of the literature as well as synthesis of the experiences of the End-of-Life Nursing Education Consortium over the past 10 years (2000-2010) were considered in summarizing implications for palliative care education in oncology. Conclusion Cancer patients and their families across the cancer trajectory experience serious physical and psychosocial symptoms and spiritual concerns. Oncology nurses have contributed to the evolving field of palliative care, and the continued education of oncology nurses in this specialty is essential to quality care for patients and families Implications for Nursing Practice The need for palliative care in oncology will intensify in the future, and effective strategies for education are necessary to prepare the nursing workforce for the effective and compassionate care that patients and families deserve.
A Space for Justice: Messianic Time in the Graphs of Climate Change

This article turns toward scientific literature to consider the basic strategies used in presenting the temporality of climate change. While the majority of literary criticism argues that the experience of climate change is either apocalyptic or banal, the scientific graphs of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change organize time in a way aligned with Giorgio Agamben's concept of messianic time. Like Agamben's messianic time, the figures of the IPCC depict a disjointed present. Every figure is either a reconstruction of past climate or a projection of future climate—never a reconstruction the past that moves through the present and projects the future. Crucially, it is this disjuncture at the present moment that perhaps leaves a space open for justice—a justice that reveals itself in a series of figures that exhibit an underlying ethical relationship to the past and future. As a literary analysis, this paper brings out new aspects of scientific figures. Instead of focusing on the data these graphs communicate, it reveals how formal choices in presentation affect meaning and how scientific figures structure, articulate, and inform our experience of time. In climate change artists and writers confront a serious representational challenge. The effects of climate change are so slow, displaced, and complex that they are notoriously difficult to represent effectively. Rob Nixon addresses this problem in his book, Slow Violence, where he argues that "climate change and a host of other slowly unfolding environmental catastrophes present formidable representational obstacles that can hinder our efforts to mobilize and act
Sickle cell disease in childhood in Madina.

BACKGROUND:Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a common disease in Saudi Arabia, with a high prevalence in the Eastern and Southern regions. This study reports on 53 cases of SCD encountered in the Madina...
Hydrologic Design of Ramganga Dam Project

Hydrologic design of Ramganga Dam, a major dam in northern India, brings forth the special problems in countries where limited hydrologic data are available. The extension of the stage-discharge curve for the river necessitated backwater computations and development of suitable correlations because of the varying friction slope. Monthly rainfall-runoff relations from limited data have been used for transforming the rainfall data and for preparing a 60-year water budget to determine the useful reservoir yield and its probable variation. Optimum baseflow for use with unit hydrograph and design storms was estimated from the association between the flood-producing storm and the antecedent baseflow. Regional flood potential study was found to be a useful tool for checking design floods derived from design storms and unit hydrograph. Provision of an auxiliary spillway at a safe distance from the main dam reduces reservoir surcharge for extremely rare floods.
Obscuring Gender-Based Violence: Marriage Promotion and Teen Dating Violence Research

abstractThis article argues that United States public policies have prioritized marriage and healthy relationship promotion over research and education about gendered violence in teen dating relationships, despite evidence of the prevalence of intimate partner and teen dating violence that disproportionately impacts women and girls. The lack of a gender-based analysis reflects a shift from a feminist framing of violence that focuses on the safety and well-being of women and girls based on an analysis of gender, power, and structural inequalities, toward a conservative focus on individualistic solutions to gendered social problems like poverty and violence.
An Examination of Management Accountants’ Use and Perception of Expert Systems

Although there has been a number of articles written about the possible use of expert systems by management accountants, there has been limited research to support such predictions. The primary purposes of this paper are to examine management accoun-tants use and perceptions of expert systems. A survey instrument was designed to eli-cit responses (Likert scale and open-ended) about management accountants' perceptions of the current and future use of expert systems and to determine their knowledge, interest and involvement with such systems. The findings of this study indicate that although respondents are moderately interested and involved with expert systems, they have a limited knowledge of those systems. The respondents do agree that expert systems will be utilized more in the future, and that management accountants will be involved in the development and use of expert systems. Expert systems will be utilized to reduce inventories and improve productivity. The respondents, however, do not agree that expert systems are currently used for the management accounting applications used in this study. Also, their expectations regarding the current and future use of expert systems are significantly different. Expectations of the future use of expert system can be found in management accounting literature over the past fifteen years. The findings of this study indicate prior expectations have not materialized.
THE GORILLA AND THE CUTTLEFISH

THE GORILLA AND THE CUTTLEFISH Nick Karl December 1, 2010 The new work I have developed while pursuing my Masters in Art at the University of Louisville is strongly based on the narrative. I have always used the imagery in my work as social commentary. The stories and images I develop are to be viewed as a window on the world through my eyes, but for the first time I have focused on one clear concept. In this case, questioning how we developed from a group of hunter-gatherers scouring the land for survival, to modern consumers, destroying the world around us. In order to facilitate this narrative, I wrote a very short fable-like story entitled The Gorilla and the Cuttlefish, and then set about to illustrate it. Using chalk pastels, I cover the page with a lush variety of colors, patterns, and figures. I want fill every bit of the paper moving the viewers' eye constantly around the page but also creating a holistic composition, which allows the viewer see the complete story in each piece. My goal is to make the viewer look upon what at first seems like a fanciful and bizarre world, but with closer investigation find it is anything but.
Testing For New is Better Than Used In Expectation

A class of tests which are usually believed to be the tests of exponentiality vs. increasing failure rate (IFR) alternatives are shown to be consistent against a class of NBUE alternatives - a much larger class than IFR. Moreover a comparison is made of the Bahadur efficiency of the total time on test statistic W with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistic D. It is found that the D-test has larger exact slope at least favorable IFR distributions which are close to the exponential and also at pure NBUE distributions close to the exponential than does the W-test statistic, whereas the reverse is the case at Weibull (8), 6 > 1.
A Liability Checklist

(1985). A Liability Checklist. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance: Vol. 56, No. 2, pp. 49-49.
High Speed GaAs Based Devices on Si Substrates

Remarkably good device performance at both dc and microwave frequencies has recently been obtained from GaAs based devices grown on Si substrates. In GaAs MESFETs on Si, current gain cutoff frequencies and maximum oscillation frequencies of f T = 13.3 GHz and f max = 30 GHz have been obtained for 1.2μm devices, which is nearly identical to the performance achieved in GaAs on GaAs technology for both direct implant and epitaxial technology. For heterojunction bipolar transistors, current gain cutoff frequencies and maximum oscillation frequencies of f T = 30 GHz and f max = 11.3 GHz have been obtained for emitter dimensions of 4×20μm 2 . In GaAs AlGaAs MODFETs. current gain cut-off frequencies of about 15 GHz with lμm gates were obtained on GaAs and Si substrates. The pseudomorphic InGaAs/GaAs MODFETs were also fabricated and found to be comparable to GaAs MODFETs although they should perform better. The structures were also shown to maintain their properties when put through ion implantation and annealing process. Given the performance already demonstrated in GaAs on Si devices and the advantages afforded by this technology, the growth of III-Vs on Si promises to play an important role in the future of heterojunction electronics.
Determination of ethanol and n-hexane resolver residual quantity in red clover extract by headspace gas chromatography

Objective:To develop a method for the determination of the ethanol and n-hexane resolver residual quantity in red clover extract by headspace gas chromatography.Methods:The use of gas chromatography combined FID detector with HP-INNOWax(30 m×0.25 mm,0.25 μm) chromatographic column and headspace sampling device.Results:The linear relation was good on the optimizational conditions.The recovery rate with standard addition of ethanol and n-hexane was 98.77% and 99.23%,respectively.The relative standard deviation was less than 5%.Conclusion:The ethanol and n-hexane resolver residual quantily in red clover extract can be determined rapidly and accurately using this method.
Biology and the environment-rethinking demand reduction.

(1999). Biology and the Environment—Rethinking Demand Reduction. Journal of Addictive Diseases: Vol. 18, No. 4, pp. 121-138.
Diagnostic Approaches to Genitourinary Tract Infections

The accurate diagnosis of urethral and cervico-vaginal infections can be complex, requiring multiple, sophisticated laboratory tests, without which the causative organism may remain unknown. Failure to diagnose and cure people with urethral and vaginal infections is associated with patient morbidity and mortality and can facilitate the continued transmission of infections to partners and from mother to infant during birth (1).
Research on Comorbidity, Adaptive Functioning, and Cognitive Impairments in Adults with ADHD: Implications for a Clinical Practice

This chapter presents the research on comorbidity, adaptive functioning, and cognitive impairments for a clinical practice. The chapter discusses three aspects of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in adults. It reviews empirical findings about the psychiatric comorbidity, cognitive deficits, and impaired domains of adaptive functioning in adults with ADHD. The results, though still relatively sparse, depict ADHD as a disorder that cuts a wide swath across the various domains of major life activities in which adults must demonstrate self sufficiency. Only limited data on comorbidity, adaptive functioning, and cognitive impairments is published in the scientific literature. The literature highlights difficulties in educational, occupational, interpersonal, and marital functioning as well as specific deficits in motor vehicle operation. Follow-up studies of hyperactive children in adulthood indicate heightened risks for teen pregnancy and sexually transmitted disease. The chapter also explains the implications for the clinical assessment and management of adults with ADHD that flow logically from the empirical findings. The chapter concludes that clinicians must be cognizant of various difficulties that are likely to occur in clinic referred adults with ADHD so as to consider them in the formulation of effective treatments for the disorder, its comorbidities, and associated adaptive impairments.
The Influence of Black Lives Matter on Mainstreaming Intersectional Black Politics

Cathy Cohen’s (1999) theory of secondary marginialization helps to explain why the needs of some members of Black communities are not prioritized on “the” Black political agenda; indeed, some groups are ignored altogether as mainstream Black public opinion shifts to the right (Tate 2010). However, the increasingly vocal Black Lives Matter Movement calls for an intersectional approach to Black politics. This movement was founded by queer, Black women, and its platform requires its participants to take seriously the notion that since Black communities are diverse (i.e. family structure, gender, sexuality, immigration status), so are the needs of its members. To what extent has the attention brought to intersectionality influenced the political attitudes, policy preferences, and opinions of average Black citizens? We analyze data from the 2016 Collaborative Multi-Racial Post-Election Survey (CMPS), which includes a sample of 3000 Blacks to answer this question. In this paper, we assess whether and the extent to which Blacks not only support the Black Lives Matter Movement but also whether its call for careful consideration of queer, transgender, ex-felon, and undocumented, immigrant Blacks has been mainstreamed. Additionally, through a survey experiment we are able to assess whether priming racial identity leads Blacks to be more empathetic to traditionally marginalized members of the racial group and society, more generally.
Epigenetics and obesity

Obesity is a significant public health concern and a central component of metabolic syndrome. An important scientific and clinical aspect of obesity is the considerable evidence for its developmental origins in the periconceptual and perinatal environment, indicating that the susceptibility to obesity can be mediated by environmental inputs that stably alter metabolic outcomes. These observations reflect the function of an active epigenetic mechanism that can biochemically program gene expression through DNA and histone modification, a hypothesis supported by studies in animal models and human cohorts showing strong correlations between early developmental exposures, chromatin modifications, and obesity. Consistent with the central role of the hypothalamus in regulating energy balance, many of the epigenetic effects of obesogenic exposures are targeted to the orexigenic and anorexigenic functions of the hypothalamic feeding center, and their ability to properly regulate feeding behavior, energy expenditure, and metabolic flux in peripheral tissues.
Surface-region context in optimal multi-object graph-based segmentation: robust delineation of pulmonary tumors

Multi-object segmentation with mutual interaction is a challenging task in medical image analysis. We report a novel solution to a segmentation problem, in which target objects of arbitrary shape mutually interact with terrain-like surfaces, which widely exists in the medical imaging field. The approach incorporates context information used during simultaneous segmentation of multiple objects. The object-surface interaction information is encoded by adding weighted inter-graph arcs to our graph model. A globally optimal solution is achieved by solving a single maximum flow problem in a low-order polynomial time. The performance of the method was evaluated in robust delineation of lung tumors in megavoltage cone-beam CT images in comparison with an expert-defined independent standard. The evaluation showed that our method generated highly accurate tumor segmentations. Compared with the conventional graph-cut method, our new approach provided significantly better results (p < 0.001). The Dice coefficient obtained by the conventional graph-cut approach (0.76±0.10) was improved to 0.84±0.05 when employing our new method for pulmonary tumor segmentation.
Landscape scanning of cancer gene panels: A report from the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR).

e13120Background: Genetic testing of tumors and germlines has proliferated in oncology, as gauged by ASCO’s meeting topics and the medical literature. A quantitative appraisal of orderable genetic ...
Assessing Probabilistic Risk Assessment Approaches for Insect Biological Control Introductions

The introduction of biological control agents to new environments requires host specificity tests to estimate potential non-target impacts of a prospective agent. Currently, the approach is conservative, and is based on physiological host ranges determined under captive rearing conditions, without consideration for ecological factors that may influence realized host range. We use historical data and current field data from introduced parasitoids that attack an endemic Lepidoptera species in Hawaii to validate a probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) procedure for non-target impacts. We use data on known host range and habitat use in the place of origin of the parasitoids to determine whether contemporary levels of non-target parasitism could have been predicted using PRA. Our results show that reasonable predictions of potential non-target impacts may be made if comprehensive data are available from places of origin of biological control agents, but scant data produce poor predictions. Using apparent mortality data rather than marginal attack rate estimates in PRA resulted in over-estimates of predicted non-target impact. Incorporating ecological data into PRA models improved the predictive power of the risk assessments.
Marx on the Mid-nineteenth-Century Gold Standard

In part 5 of the third volume of Capital, Marx analyzed the relationship between the monetary and credit systems in mid-nineteenth-century England. He argued this relationship shaped the complex fo...
Pregnancy outcomes in adult patients with dermatomyositis and polymyositis

Abstract Objective The idiopathic inflammatory myopathies dermatomyositis (DM) and polymyositis (PM) are autoimmune diseases that can affect females of childbearing potential. We assessed pregnancy outcomes in DM and PM patients compared with the general obstetric population. Methods The Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) (1993–2007) was used to identify delivery-associated hospitalizations in women with DM or PM (DM/PM, n = 853). Controls were from the general obstetric population delivery-associated hospitalizations matched to each case by year of delivery. Pregnancy outcomes included hospital length of stay (LOS), hypertensive disorders (HTN), premature rupture of membranes (PROM), intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), and cesarean delivery. Multivariate regression analyses were performed using maternal age, race/ethnicity, and diabetes mellitus as covariates. Results On multivariate analysis, patients with DM/PM had longer LOS compared to controls (p Conclusion These data suggest that patients with inflammatory myopathies are at increased risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and longer length of hospitalization. Vigilant monitoring of blood pressure is advisable in pregnant patients with DM or PM.
Assigning function to symbionts.

The development of tools to accelerate identification of causal microorganisms is crucial, and advances in microbial culture, bioinformatics and animal experimentation are currently driving these discoveries.
The Bone Health History and Physical Examination in Adolescents

The adolescent skeleton is a dynamic organ that is impacted by a wide variety of biological, hormonal, and behavioral processes. The bone-focused history and physical examination (H&P) is the primary care clinician’s best tool for eliciting the complex information needed to evaluate bone health in adolescent patients. While core elements of the H&P remain consistent, a bone-focused evaluation includes specific considerations to target the factors that affect skeletal health. This chapter will provide guidance in evaluating adolescents with known or suspected bone disorders, with an emphasis on recognizing features that contribute to skeletal disease and identifying opportunities to promote bone health.
Service oriented architecture for VoIP conferencing: Research Articles

Most current Voice/Video over IP (VoIP) systems are either highly centralized or dependent on IP multicast. We propose the Global Multimedia Collaboration System as a scalable, integrated and service-oriented VoIP conferencing system, based on a SOAP-based collaboration framework and advanced messaging oriented middleware. This system can provide media and session services to heterogeneous endpoints including H.323, SIP, Access Grid, and RealPlayer as well as accommodating diverse clients such as cellular phones. We suggest that our approach opens up new opportunities for extending classic VoIP systems by using these new technologies designed for scalable Internet based service-oriented computing. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Anabolic and Catabolic Signaling Pathways that Regulate Skeletal Muscle Mass

Skeletal muscle mass is primarily dictated by the balance between the rates of protein synthesis and degradation. Over the last decade, significant progress has been made in defining the anabolic and catabolic signaling pathways that control skeletal muscle mass through the regulation of protein synthesis and degradation. The purpose of this review is to briefly describe known and emerging signaling pathways involved in the regulation of skeletal muscle mass. An important theme that has come to light is the degree of crosstalk between anabolic and catabolic signaling pathways involved in the control of skeletal muscle hypertrophy and atrophy, respectively. A better understanding of the anabolic and catabolic signaling pathways that regulate skeletal muscle mass will provide a critical foundation for the development of more effective training programs and nutritional aids to enhance athletic performance.
Kinematics Analysis and Design Considerations of the Gear Bearing Drive

The development of high performance and efficient power trains is necessary to meet the radical design requirements of demanding next generation robotic systems, particularly in human centered applications where weight, efficiency and compact forms are decisive for the application functionality (e.g., powered portable bionics; humanoid manipulators; robotic rehabilitative devices for restoring human motor functions; and systems for robot-therapist collaboration during patient care). Such robotic applications require a new breed of actuators that have compact, reconfigurable hardware and inherent mechanical compatibility and adaptability to human-robot interaction applications. Existing power trains for this class of actuators have been dominated by the Harmonic Drives, offering compact mechanisms with high-speed reductions. However, problems in its non-linear dynamics and structural strength have limited their use to very specific applications in robotics.
Psychoactive drugs affect glucose transport and the regulation of glucose metabolism.

Publisher Summary The transport of glucose into cells is the rate-limiting step in glucose metabolism in many tissues. To increase glucose uptake in muscle and fat, additional glucose transporter (GLUT) proteins are recruited to the cell surface through the actions of insulin. The extent of the contribution of the glucose transport step to regulation of glucose metabolism in the brain is not known. However, a 50% reduction in GLUT1 at the blood-brain barrier has profound consequences for brain development and function. In glucose transporter protein syndrome (GTPS), there is a reduced number of GLUTs as a result of mutations in one allele of the GLUT1 gene. This syndrome is characterized by microcephaly, seizures and retarded growth and development. This any condition or substance that reduces glucose transport in the brain may potentially alter neuronal function. This chapter summarizes the findings concerning various psychoactive drugs that affect glucose uptake and/or utilization. Although these drugs are derived from distinct classes of medications, many share a common feature—they can produce tranquilization or sedation in patients. Several possible mechanisms are discussed in the chapter, together with the clinical implications of these findings.
Atomic-Vapor Laser Isotope Separation at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory,*

Laser isotope separation has been under serious consideration in the United States for about 12-13 years. Work in this area has been ongoing at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) for more than a decade. Prom the earliest days of the program at LLNL, the atomic-vapor process received the majority of attention, and for the past 8 years it has been the only process receiving a significant level of support.
Transparent redundant computing with MPI

Extreme-scale parallel systems will require alternative methods for applications to maintain current levels of uninterrupted execution. Redundant computation is one approach to consider, if the benefits of increased resiliency outweigh the cost of consuming additional resources. We describe a transparent redundancy approach for MPI applications and detail two different implementations that provide the ability to tolerate a range of failure scenarios, including loss of application processes and connectivity. We compare these two approaches and show performance results from micro-benchmarks that bound worstcase message passing performance degradation. We propose several enhancements that could lower the overhead of providing resiliency through redundancy.
Assessing the feasibility and safety of serial core needle biopsies in multiple early-phase clinical trials.

e22100 Background: The value of early phase clinical trials of novel therapeutics is greatly enhanced through serial tumor biopsies to assess pharmacodynamic markers of drug activity. However, the ...
Modeling Thermo-Mechanical Stress of Flexible CIGS Solar Cells

Copper indium gallium diselenide (CIGS) thin-film solar cells are fabricated through several deposition and annealing processes at high temperatures, which can generate significant thermal residual stress to solar cells. Moreover, since CIGS solar cells with flexible substrates are rollable and bendable, they are susceptible to mechanical stresses during these processes. In addition, partial shading (hotspot) can exert high heat on the CIGS solar cell. In this paper, we investigate the thermo-mechanical stress of each active layer of CIGS solar cells due to annealing, external bending, and hotspot using finite element method (FEM). We found that average stress of each active layer decreases and maximum stress in the cell increases when interface crack is introduced between cadmium sulfide (CdS)/CIGS. Our overarching goal is to quantify the relationship between the fabrication/operating process and the reliability of CIGS solar cells (energy release rate and internal stresses), which could improve the reliability of flexible solar cells. It is also found that lowering the annealing temperature can reduce the stresses in the cells and lowering CIGS thickness can reduce the delamination probability of CdS/CIGS interface. Finally, we investigate the effect of the crack length of the CdS/CIGS interface on the electrical performance of CIGS solar cells through FEM simulations. We found that as the crack size between CdS and CIGS layers increases, short-circuit current density decreases, while open-circuit voltage remains almost constant.
The Mass Political Economy of Capital Controls

This article examines mass public opinion toward international financial-market regulations, known as “capital controls.” Conventional wisdom maintains that most voters do not pay attention to or c...
Graphite-Conjugation Enhances Porphyrin Electrocatalysis

We synthesize porphyrins that are strongly electronically coupled to carbon electrodes by condensing diaminoporphyrin derivatives onto o-quinone moieties native to graphitic carbon surfaces. X-ray ...