cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hydrogel, aerogel and film of cellulose nanofibrils functionalized with silver nanoparticles.

Abstract In this work, we describe hydrogels, aerogels and films of nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) functionalized with metal nanoparticles using silver as an example. The TEMPO process used to produce NFC generates negatively charged surface carboxylate groups that provide high binding capability to transition metal species such as Ag + . The gelation of NFC triggered by transition monovalent metal ions was revealed for the first time. The interaction was utilized to bind Ag + on the NFC surface and simultaneously induce formation of NFC-Ag + hydrogels, where Ag + was slowly reduced to Ag nanoparticles by hydroxyl groups on NFC without additional reducing agent. The NFC-Ag + hydrogel was initiated by strong association of carboxylate groups on NFC with Ag + and sufficient NFC surface charge reduction. The stiff hydrogel has a storage modulus leveled off at a plateau value of ~6800 Pa. Porous aerogels and flat thin films comprising a continuous matrix of NFC were decorated with Ag nanoparticles through freeze-drying or solution-casting of NFC-Ag + dispersions with low contents of Ag + , respectively, followed by UV reduction. The presence of Ag species on NFC reduced coalescence of nanofibrils in the film formation as revealed from AFM phase images.
Measurement of Absolute Wavelength Stability of Lasers

A technique was devised to measure the absolute wavelength stability of a gas laser by direct interferometric comparison with a mercury 198 standard lamp. The apparatus used is described; its limits of precision are discussed.The wavelength fluctuations of a free-running, unstabilized helium–neon laser were measured and found to be several parts in 107. They are attributed to thermal and mechanical instabilities of the laser cavity.Manual control of the laser was seen to yield a wavelength constancy of a few parts in 108, comparable to the limits of accuracy of interferometric standard sources.
Experimental Studies of the Acoustic Signature of Proton Beams Traversing Fluid Media

The work reported here establishes that a detectable sonic signal is produced by protons while traversing through or stopping in a fluid medium. Experiments exploring the global characteristics of both the acoustic generation mechanism and the radiation pattern have been performed at three different accelerators. The results are consistent with a simple thermal model for the transformation of the energy of moving charged particles into acoustic energy. This novel phenomenon could be exploited in several forseeable applications: (1) as a charged particle monitor in accelerator beams, (2) as a heavy ion detector sensitive to nuclear charge (signal infinity Z/sup 2/), e.g. in measuring the cosmic ray isotope abundances, (3) as an inexpensive shower detector in massive (approx. 10/sup 4/ Ton) neutrino detectors at the next generation of high energy accelerators, e.g. the Fermilab energy doubler and (4) as the shower calorimeter (and perhaps the muon detector) in massive (greater than or equal to 10/sup 9/ Ton) deep underwater detectors of cosmic neutrino and muon interactions.
Evidence that the tri-cellular metabolism of N-acetylaspartate functions as the brain's "operating system": how NAA metabolism supports meaningful intercellular frequency-encoded communications.

N-acetylaspartate (NAA), an acetylated derivative of l-aspartate (Asp), and N-acetylaspartylglutamate (NAAG), a derivative of NAA and l-glutamate (Glu), are synthesized by neurons in brain. However, neurons cannot catabolize either of these substances, and so their metabolism requires the participation of two other cell types. Neurons release both NAA and NAAG to extra-cellular fluid (ECF) upon stimulation, where astrocytes, the target cells for NAAG, hydrolyze it releasing NAA back into ECF, and oligodendrocytes, the target cells for NAA, hydrolyze it releasing Asp to ECF for recycling to neurons. This sequence is unique as it is the only known amino acid metabolic cycle in brain that requires three cell types for its completion. The results of this cycling are two-fold. First, neuronal metabolic water is transported to ECF for its removal from brain. Second, the rate of neuronal activity is coupled with focal hyperemia, providing stimulated neurons with the energy required for transmission of meaningful frequency-encoded messages. In this paper, it is proposed that the tri-cellular metabolism of NAA functions as the “operating system” of the brain, and is essential for normal cognitive and motor activities. Evidence in support of this hypothesis is provided by the outcomes of two human inborn errors in NAA metabolism.
High-resolution SEM observation of semiconductor device cross-sections

Abstract This paper describes a method for preparing cross-sections of semiconductor devices for high-resolution examination in a scanning electron microscope. Multiple layers of polycrystalline silicon are deposited on the surface of interest in order to preserve surface details. The sample is then carefully sectioned using normal metallographic procedures and is lightly etched to bring out structural detail. Three applications of the method are given: structural examination of masked and etched silicon oxide profiles, observation of shallow npn transistor junctions, and observation of structural details and p − n junctions in a silicon-gate MOS shift register. The method is applicable to a wide variety of device studies.
Specificity of multiple unit activity in the sensory nuclei of cats

Abstract Multiple unit neuronal activity was recorded from several sensory and non-sensory neural systems in conscious, but paralyzed, cats. Presentation of auditory and visual stimuli resulted in neuronal responses from the appropriate auditory and visual nuclei but not from the inappropriate sensory systems or from non-sensory systems. The maximum distance that an electrode can record multiple-unit activity was about 1.0mm. Electronic interference or noise was quite low which resulted in a fairly large signal to noise ratio.
Archaeology of Wildrose Canyon, Death Valley National Monument

Wildrose Canyon, the site of the summer headquarters of the National Park Service for Death Valley National Monument, is on the west side of the Panamint Range in eastern California. The canyon, which runs in a roughly east-west direction, is about 13 miles long. Structurally, its width widens from its mouth where it measures less than 1/4 of a mile inland to a maximum of 11/2 miles and then narrows again in its upper reaches. There is a general upslope of the valley floor from about 4000 to over 8000 feet in elevation. The valley is flanked on either side with rugged mountains which rise steeply above its floor. Their sides are furrowed with many gulches and narrow canyons and the lower slopes are piled high with rock debris. The uneven valley floor is covered with boulders, gravel, sand, and silt washed down from the surrounding heights. Branch canyons extend back into the mountains at many points, dwindling to narrow gorges in their upper reaches.
Extending relational algebra and relational calculus with set-valued attributes and aggregate functions

In commercial network database management systems, set-valued fields and aggregate functions are commonly supported. However, the relational database model, as defined by Codd, does not include set-valued attributes or aggregate functions. Recently, Klug extended the relational model by incorporating aggregate functions and by defining relational algebra and calculus languages.In this paper, relational algebra and relational calculus database query languages (as defined by Klug) are extended to manipulate set-valued attributes and to utilize aggregate functions. The expressive power of the extended languages is shown to be equivalent. We extend the relational algebra with three new operators, namely, pack, unpack, and aggregation-by-template. The extended languages form a theoretical framework for statistical database query languages.
Embodied site-specific animation

Embodied site-specific animation is one of the ways of expanding the conventions of animation and rethinking the animation medium in the digital context. On the air is an interactive installation based on embodied site-specific animation. Existing installations that are based on embodied site-specific animations rely on abstract visualizations and do not attempt to tell a story or portray characters. I am exploring the design strategies and new meaning-making opportunities that arise with the use of embodied site-specific animation for mixed reality art projects.
Science and applications of energy beam ablation

This article reviews the advances in the science and applications of energy beam ablation of materials at the University of Michigan. Types of energy beams applied to materials ablation are: excimer lasers, laser-ablation-assisted plasma discharges, and channelspark electron beams. The characteristics of the ablation plasma plumes generated by these energy deposition sources are discussed and compared. Plume expansion velocities are in the range of cm//spl mu/s for all three types of ablation plumes. Electron beam ablation plumes show higher ionization states than laser ablation plumes.
Modeling personal and social network context for event annotation in images

This paper describes a framework to annotate images using personal and social network contexts. The problem is important as the correct context reduces the number of image annotation choices.. Social network context is useful as real-world activities of members of the social network are often correlated within a specific context. The correlation can serve as a powerful resource to effectively increase the ground truth available for annotation. There are three main contributions of this paper: (a) development of an event context framework and definition of quantitative measures for contextual correlations based on concept similarity in each facet of event context; (b) recommendation algorithms based on spreading activations that exploit personal context as well as social network context; (c) experiments on real-world, everyday images that verified both the existence of inter-user semantic disagreement and the improvement in annotation when incorporating both the user and social network context. We have conducted two user studies, and our quantitative and qualitative results indicate that context (both personal and social) facilitates effective image annotation.
Bone Materials Available for Alveolar Grafting

The restoration of bony defects has followed an interesting course through history. From the early use of animal materials to bone grown in the laboratory, the goal of restoring bony defects has generated ingenuity in solving these significant clinical challenges.
A study of the 90Zr(3He, t) reaction at 43.4 MeV

Abstract Low-lying states of 90 Nb have been investigated using the 90 Zr( 3 He, t) reaction at 43.4 MeV. In addition to the well-known π( P 1 2 ) v (g 9 2 ) −1 and π(g 9 2 ) v (g 9 2 ) −1 particle-hole states, many other levels were observed. The angular distributions for the ( g 9 2 ) 2 states are investigated using DWBA calculations using collective, OPEP, and independent tensor and spin-isospin potentials.
Pharmacokinetics of intravenous cefetamet (Ro 15-8074) and oral cefetamet pivoxil (Ro 15-8075) in young and elderly subjects.

Abstract The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the effect of advanced age on the pharmacokinetics of cefetamet and its prodrug, cefetamet pivoxil. A secondary objective of this study was to assess the effect of food on the absorption of cefetamet pivoxil in the elderly. Twenty-four healthy subjects (twelve young and twelve elderly) received (in a Latin square design) a single-dose, 515-mg infusion of cefetamet, a single 1,000-mg oral dose of cefetamet pivoxil during fasted conditions, and a single 1,000-mg oral dose of cefetamet pivoxil 10 min after a standardized low-fat breakfast. Serial blood and urine samples were collected over a 36-h period and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Intravenous and oral pharmacokinetic parameters were obtained by using model-independent techniques. The systemic clearance and renal clearance of cefetamet were significantly lower (P less than 0.05) in elderly subjects compared with in young controls after intravenous administration. No significant difference was observed in the apparent volumes of distribution at steady state between the two groups. Consequently, half-life and mean residence time were prolonged. A trend toward a lower renal clearance/creatinine clearance ratio was observed in our elderly population. Oral clearance of cefetamet was only slightly reduced in our elderly subjects, consistent with an increase in plasma half-life. Otherwise, oral pharmacokinetic parameters were comparable between elderly and young subjects. Additionally, the same effects of food were observed on the absorption characteristics of cefetamet (no change in maximum concentration of drug in plasma and an increase in both time to maximum concentration of drug in plasma and bioavailability) in our elderly subjects as in our young volunteers. Age did not appear to alter the deesterification and bioavailability of cefetamet pivoxil. We conclude that the small reduction in the elimination of cefetamet in the elderly would not require dose adjustment for this population.
Education as a Social Right in a Diverse Society

The aim of this article is to outline the basis for a comprehensive account of educational rights. It begins by acknowledging the difficulties posed by diversity, and defends a conception of universal human rights that limits parental educational discretion. Against the backdrop of the literature of public reason and fair equality of opportunity, it sketches arguments for the existence of rights to education of some specific kinds. Those rights, and associated educational purposes, are systematised on the basis of a conception of education as initiation into practices that express human flourishing.
How not to do agile testing

When our team adopted extreme programming and Scrum, there were a number of challenges. Integrating an agile team in a "traditional" organization created friction and conflict within the team and with management. The team consisted of volunteers new to agile practices. We had difficulties with planning, estimation, task breakdown, managing requirements and working together in a collocated space. However, the biggest challenge the team encountered was not in any of these other areas, but in one that most of the team figured was simple: testing. This paper describes how difficult it was to actually get the various testing practices in place and functioning properly. In particular, the author discusses challenges we faced in coming to a common understanding of the practices, estimating testing effort, allocating the time required to do automated tests in a feature-driven culture, and getting a team of diverse individuals to understand how to apply principles that sound great but are challenging to implement.
Rogue states and territorial disputes

This article examines whether rogue states are more aggressive in challenging other states’ claims to territory in comparison with non-rogue states. Rogue states are defined as those which systemat...
Resting sarcomere length-tension relation in living frog heart.

The sarcomere pattern and tension of isolated resting frog atrial trabeculae were continuously monitored. In the absence of any resting tension the sarcomere lengths varied with the diameter of the trabeculae. In over 75 % of the trabeculae the value exceeded 2.05 µm, the estimated in vivo length of the thin filaments, and it was never less than 1.89 µm. When the trabeculae were stretched the increase in length of the central undamaged portion could be completely accounted for by an increase in sarcomere length. The width of the A band was constant only at sarcomere lengths between 2.3 and 2.6 µm it decreased at smaller and increased at larger sarcomere lengths. A group of spontaneously active cells stretched the sarcomeres in cells in series to longer lengths than could be produced by passive tension applied to the ends of the trabeculae, but they did not influence the sarcomeres of adjacent cells. It is proposed that the connective tissue is a major factor in determining sarcomere length and that there are interactions between thick and thin filaments in resting muscles.
Differentiation of porcine mesenchymal stem cells into epithelial cells as a potential therapeutic application to facilitate epithelial regeneration

Abstract Epithelial denudation is one of the characteristics of chronic asthma. To restore its functions, the airway epithelium has to rapidly repair the injuries and regenerate its structure and integrity. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the ability to differentiate into many cell lineages. However, the differentiation of MSCs into epithelial cells has not been fully studied. Here, we examined the differentiation of MSCs into epithelial cells using three different media compositions with various growth supplementations. The MSCs were isolated from porcine bone marrow by density gradient centrifugation. The isolated MSCs were CD11(-) CD34(-) CD45(-) CD44(+) CD90(+) and CD105(+) by immunostaining and flow cytometry. MSCs were stimulated with EpiGRO (Millipore), BEpiCM (ScienCell) and AECGM (PromoCell) media for 5 and 10 days, and epithelial differentiation was assessed by qPCR (keratin 14, 18 and EpCAM), fluorometry (cytokeratin 7-8, cytokeratin 14-15-16-19 and EpCAM), western blot analysis (pancytokeratin, EpCAM) and flow cytometry (cytokeratin 7-8, cytokeratin 14-15-16-19 and EpCAM). The functional marker MUC1 was also assessed after 10 days of air-liquid interface (ALI) culture in optimized media. Cells cultured in BEpiCM containing fibroblast growth factor and prostaglandin E2 showed the highest expression of the epithelial markers: CK7-8 (85.90%); CK-14-15-16-19 (10.14%); and EpCAM (64.61%). The cells also expressed functional marker MUC1 after ALI culture. The differentiated MSCs when cultured in BEpiCM medium ex vivo in a bioreactor on a decellularized trachea for 10 days retained the epithelial-like phenotype. In conclusion, porcine bone marrow-derived MSCs demonstrate commitment to the epithelial lineage and might be a potential therapy for facilitating the repair of denuded airway epithelium. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley a Sons, Ltd.
Methamphetamine/amphetamine abuse and risk of Parkinson's disease in Utah: A population-based assessment

Background: Despite widespread use of methamphetamine and other amphetamine-type stimulants (METH/AMPH), little is known about the long-term medical consequences of METH/AMPH abuse and dependence. Preclinical neurotoxicity findings raise public health concerns that these stimulants may damage dopamine neurons, resulting in dopamine-related disorders such as Parkinson’s disease (PD). Methods: A retrospective design was used to examine statewide medical records (1996 through 2011) linked to the Utah Population Database. Individuals 30 years or older on December 31, 2011 were assigned to a METH/AMPH cohort (ICD-9-CM 304.4, 305.7, 969.7, E854.2; N = 4935), a cocaine cohort (ICD-9-CM 304.2, 305.6, 968.5, E855.2; N = 1867) or a population cohort unexposed to drugs or alcohol for control selection. A competing-risks, proportional hazards model was used to determine whether the METH/AMPH or cocaine cohorts were at increased risk of developing PD (ICD-9-CM 332.0) or PD/parkinsonism/essential tremor (PD/PT; ICD-9-CM 332.0, 332.1, 333.0, 333.1) compared to individually sex- and age-matched controls (5:1 control to case ratio; N = 34,010). Results: In METH/AMPH users, we observed an increased risk of PD and PD/PT (HRPD = 2.8, 95%CI 1.6–4.8, P <1 0 −3 ;H R PD/PT = 3.1, 95%CI 1.9–4.9, P <1 0 −4
The del22q11.2 candidate gene Tbx1 regulates branchiomeric myogenesis

Formation and remodeling of the pharyngeal arches play central roles in craniofacial development. TBX1, encoding a T-box-containing transcription factor, is the major candidate gene for del22q11.2 (DiGeorge or velo-cardio-facial) syndrome, characterized by craniofacial defects, thymic hypoplasia, cardiovascular anomalies, velopharyngeal insufficiency and skeletal muscle hypotonia. Tbx1 is expressed in pharyngeal mesoderm, which gives rise to branchiomeric skeletal muscles of the head and neck. Although the genetic control of craniofacial muscle development is known to involve pathways distinct from those operational in the trunk, the regulation of branchiomeric myogenesis has remained enigmatic. Here we show that branchiomeric muscle development is severely perturbed in Tbx1 mutant mice. In the absence of Tbx1, the myogenic determination genes Myf5 and MyoD fail to be normally activated in pharyngeal mesoderm. Unspecified precursor cells expressing genes encoding the transcriptional repressors Capsulin and MyoR are present in the mandibular arch of Tbx1 mutant embryos. Sporadic activation of Myf5 and MyoD in these precursor cells results in the random presence or absence of hypoplastic mandibular arch-derived muscles at later developmental stages. Tbx1 is also required for normal expression of Tlx1 and Fgf10 in pharyngeal mesoderm, in addition to correct neural crest cell patterning in the mandibular arch. Tbx1 therefore regulates the onset of branchiomeric myogenesis and controls normal mandibular arch development, including robust transcriptional activation of myogenic determination genes. While no abnormalities in branchiomeric myogenesis were detected in Tbx1(+/-) mice, reduced TBX1 levels may contribute to pharyngeal hypotonia in del22q11.2 patients.
The Leech and the Physician: Biology, Etymology, and Medical Practice with Hirudinea medicinalis

The history of the word "leech" and the practice of leeching reveal interconnected social histories. We give the linguistic and medical histories of the word, and explore its biology and clinical history. Our historical account extends from the earliest known record of leeching to current research. Despite historical variation in its reputation as a ther- apeutic technique, leeching remains useful today in a number of appli- cations. Further investigation may well disclose even more uses for the leech, particularly for its enzymes with anesthetic, anticoagulant, and antimetastatic properties. Word histories often reflect an underlying social history. The Old English verb "thrall" goes back to the Anglo-Saxon period when slavery was a fact of life; the verb meant to place someone in a position of servitude. The modern English verb "enthrall" has a figurative vestige of that original sense: to fascinate or to capture one's imagination. A word with a complex linguistic history is quite likely to have a fairly complex social history as well. Such is the case with "leech." The word "leech" came into use early in the history of the English language and had two distinct meanings: the medical practitioner and the blood-sucking worm. Of course, medical use of the leech antedated by centuries its mention in Old English (the Anglo-Saxon language); the first written reference to leeching seems to be that found in a medical poem by Nicander of Colophon (185-135 BC), a Greek poet and physician (1). The close association of the leech and the medical practitioner was there- fore established early, and it lasted well into the nineteenth cen- tury.
Computer‐aided manufacturing of advanced microwave modules

The application of computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) techniques to the assembly and test of a low-cost, high-volume X-band Radar T/R module will be investigated by highlighting the differences between low frequency and microwave CAM methods, focusing on the difficulties of automated testing, evaluation, and circuit tuning. The problems encountered when implementing high-precision automated assembly and test methods, which include wire-bonding, soldering, piece-part placement, thin wafer GaAs probing, and a novel implementation of a microwave circuit laser-tuning technique will also be discussed. These CAM techniques, combined with integrated MMIC technology, are then used to illustrate a manufacturing philosophy targeted toward high-volume microwave module production.
El gobernador felipe de neve recomienda la fundacion de los angeles

Tras ocho anos empezando en 1769, el incansable padre presidente de las misiones franciscanas de la Alta California fray Junipero Serra habia establecido un igual numero de misiones en esa nueva provincia espanola: las de San Diego, San Carlos Borromeo, San Antonio de Padua, San Gabriel, San Luis Obispo, San Francisco de Asis, San Juan Capistrano y Santa Clara de Asis. Durante el mismo periodo el gobierno civil y militar, administrando la region desde la capital bajacaliforniana de Loreto, habia fundado tres presidios, San Diego, Monterey y San Francisco, guarnecidos por soldados traidos por mar desde San Blas, Nayarit o por tierra desde Loreto y, en 1774-1775, desde Sonora y Sinaloa a traves del gran desierto del rio Colorado. No obstante esta actividad expansionista llevada a cabo por tales dinamicas personas como Serra, Francisco Palou y Fermin Francisco de Lasuen, por parte de los franciscanos, y Gaspar de Portola, Fernando de Rivera y Moncada y Juan Bautista de Anza, por parte
The effect of surface chemical functional groups on the adsorption and desorption of a polar molecule, acetone, from a model carbonaceous surface, graphite

The role of surface chemical heterogeneity in adsorption on a model carbonaceous surface (highly oriented pyrolitic graphite, HOPG) was investigated by temperature programmed desorption of acetone, a representative polar volatile organic compound. It was observed that oxygen-containing functional groups exist on air cleaved HOPG. The presence of surface functional groups reduces the binding energy, while increasing the uptake kinetics at low coverage. At high coverage, i.e., beyond a monolayer, the amount of acetone adsorbed is independent of surface heat treatment and depends only on total exposure. Thermal treatment (>1000 K) appears essential for the removal of functional groups from a carbonaceous surface. Removal of these groups allows acetone molecules to adsorb directly on the HOPG surface. The binding energy of the monolayer adsorption was determined by a combination of desorption line shape simulation and variation of desorption heating rates. The monolayer is characterized by a zero coverage binding energy of 55:5 � 3 kJ/mol and a pre-exponential factor of 10 20� 1:5 s � 1 . Coverage dependent, attractive intermolecular interactions at about 5% of the binding energy were determined in the monolayer. 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Assessing the Effectiveness of International Environmental Agreements (IEAs): Demystifying the Issue of Data Unavailability

It is commonly claimed that assessing the effectiveness of International Environmental Agreements (IEAs) from the environmental problem-solving perspective is challenging because environmental data are not available. However, not much research has been done on the characterization of the nature and causes of such data unavailability. This article analyzes the term “data unavailability” and provides three typologies for data unavailability: (a) “true unavailability,” where data collection complexities and resource constraints limit data collection and analysis; (b) “false unavailability,” which refers to the existence of relevant data, but failure to report due to various causes; and (c) “external availability,” which refers to the existence of relevant data in several organizations and research institutions, but with no established networks for data sharing between such institutions and the IEA institutions. This article discusses the causes for the various types of data unavailability and makes recommendations for promoting data availability.
A new role for the ara in guiding our destiny

It is with considerable pleasure that I address you at the 1987 annual meeting of the American Rheumatism Association. Lois and I have very much enjoyed the opportunity to interact with so many outstanding people in the field during the past five years that I have served as an officer of this organization. What is especially exciting and gratifying for me now is to be part of the new American Rheumatism Association. Our organization has evolved dramatically over the past five years. No longer are we a group committed solely to publishing a reasonable subspecialty journal and putting on a good national meeting once a year. We now have the organization firmly in place that will enable us not only to handle these traditional responsibilities but also to identify those issues that will affect our professional destiny and to provide, on behalf of our membership, influential guidance at the national level. Let me review some of these recent changes which have occurred in the new ARA. First, the critical issues involved in the dissociation of the ARA and the Arthritis Foundation now are resolved and
Socioeconomic Status and Outcomes After Burn Injury.

The objective of this article is to explore the impact of socioeconomic status on outcome metrics in post-burn injury patients. Retrospective review of patients with TBSA >15% between 2005 and 2012. Demographics and clinical course were recorded. Socioeconomics were approximated using census data of percent below poverty level at patient zip code, which was also used for calculating distance to regional burn center. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Analysis Software. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated followed by regression models for factors associated with graft loss and readmission. Two hundred and fifty subjects survived to discharge: 33% were of upper socioeconomic status, 32% were of middle status, and 35% were of lower status. Fourteen percentage of patients lived 240 miles away. Eighty readmissions occurred among 39 patients; 43% were unplanned. Each percent increase in TBSA was associated with a 5% increase in likelihood of being readmitted. Thirty six percentage of readmission patients were covered under worker's compensation. Patients with worker's compensation were four times more likely to be readmitted than private insurance. Only worker's compensation had a majority of unplanned readmissions (58%). Graft loss occurred in 12% of patients. Those in the low socioeconomic group had five times the odds of having graft loss than those in the high socioeconomics. There was no correlation between graft loss and insurance status or distance. Findings indicate strong and statistically significant correlations between type of insurance and likelihood of readmission and between graft loss and poverty.
RETRODEFORMATION OF CARBONIFEROUS TRACE FOSSILS FROM THE NARRAGANSETT BASIN, UNITED STATES, USING RAINDROP IMPRINTS AND BEDDING-CLEAVAGE INTERSECTION LINEATION AS STRAIN MARKERS

Abstract Retrodeformation of fossils can improve taxonomic and paleobiologic interpretations, but fossils that lack symmetry or other regular geometric properties are difficult to retrodeform unless strain markers are preserved within the fossil-bearing strata. Strain markers, however, are generally distributed unevenly, and their use can be problematic if strain varies among specimens and the markers do not occur in close association with the fossils. We use two approaches to retrodeform Carboniferous tetrapod tracks from the Narragansett Basin of southern New England: (1) a direct method in which the strain ratio (Rs) is obtained from deformed raindrop imprints preserved on the same specimens as the tracks and (2) an indirect method in which the range in orientation of the bedding-cleavage intersection lineation is used as a proxy for Rs. The latter follows from a strong correlation between the range in orientation of the bedding-cleavage intersection lineation and Rs values obtained from the deformed r...
Spin dynamics near a putative antiferromagnetic quantum critical point in Cu-substituted BaFe2As2 and its relation to high-temperature superconductivity

We present the results of elastic and inelastic neutron scattering measurements on nonsuperconducting $\mathrm{Ba}(\mathrm{Fe}{}_{0.957}\mathrm{Cu}{}_{0.043}){}_{2}\mathrm{As}{}_{2}$, a composition close to a quantum critical point between antiferromagnetic (AFM) ordered and paramagnetic phases. By comparing these results with the spin fluctuations in the low-Cu composition as well as the parent compound ${\mathrm{BaFe}}_{2}{\mathrm{As}}_{2}$ and superconducting $\mathrm{Ba}{({\mathrm{Fe}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Ni}}_{x})}_{2}{\mathrm{As}}_{2}$ compounds, we demonstrate that paramagnon-like spin fluctuations are evident in the antiferromagnetically ordered state of $\mathrm{Ba}{({\mathrm{Fe}}_{0.957}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{0.043})}_{2}{\mathrm{As}}_{2}$, which is distinct from the AFM-like spin fluctuations in the superconducting compounds. Our observations suggest that Cu substitution decouples the interaction between quasiparticles and the spin fluctuations. We also show that the spin-spin correlation length $\ensuremath{\xi}(T)$ increases rapidly as the temperature is lowered and find $\ensuremath{\omega}/T$ scaling behavior, the hallmark of quantum criticality, at an antiferromagnetic quantum critical point.
Phylogeny of Calostoma, the gelatinous-stalked puffball, based on nuclear and mitochondrial ribosomal DNA sequences

Nucleotide sequence of the nuclear small and large subunit and the mitochondrial small and large ribosomal genes of Calostoma were used to investigate evolutionary relationships with other Basidiom...
Rural court sentencing as a predictor of re-arrest rates for domestic-violence offenders

Domestic violence represents the single largest category of calls received by police, accounting for between 18 to 50% of all police calls and accounting for 1 in 10 violent crime victimizations (Friday, Lord, Exum, and Hartman, 2006; Durose, Harlow, Langan, Motivans, Rantala, and Smith, 2005). Approximately 5.3 million incidents of intimate partner violence occur each year. Complicating this problem is a disturbing finding that domestic violence offenders are more likely than non-domestic violent offenders to commit a new violent act, and commit it against their original victim (Olson and Stalans, 2001). Nationally, domestic violence data indicated that about 40% of domestic-violence convicted inmates were under restraining or protection order at the time of their conviction for domestic violence. An estimated 75% of local inmates convicted of domestic violence had prior convictions, with most having a history of convictions for violence (Greenfield, Rand, Craven, Klaus, Perkins, et al., 1998). However, most of the existing research focused on urban areas only, and few studies have examined rural domestic violence (Johnson, 2000). Thus little is known about rural domestic violence. Studies of urban courts which have dominated the literature may not be appropriate with cases of domestic violence in rural communities. One of the strongest arguments against the applicability of urban techniques to rural settings is the lack of anonymity between judges and defendants found in rural communities, where judges and court personnel find it almost impossible to put aside their knowledge of the parties involved in domestic violence (National Center for State Courts, 2008). In addition, in many urban areas domestic violence courts have been established which shifted the court focus to a problem solving models that operate under the premise that the defendant's criminal behavior stems from underlying problems that treatment or services can resolve. Notwithstanding all the attention given to the study of domestic violence, one area stands out as lacking sufficient study: the treatment of domestic violence in rural courts. Thus, using a sample of DV offenders in a rural setting, the following hypotheses were tested: 1) domestic violence offenders who receive counseling treatment are at lower risk for re-arrest; 2) domestic violence offenders who are assessed a fine are at lower risk for re-arrest; 3) domestic violence offenders who pay their fine in full are at lower risk for re arrest; 4) domestic violence offenders who receive a jail sentence are at lower risk for re-arrest. Language: en
Molecular basis of retinol anti-ageing properties in naturally aged human skin in vivo

Objective Retinoic acid has been shown to improve the aged-appearing skin. However, less is known about the anti-ageing effects of retinol (ROL, vitamin A), a precursor of retinoic acid, in aged human skin in vivo. This study aimed to investigate the molecular basis of ROL anti-ageing properties in naturally aged human skin in vivo. Methods Sun-protected buttock skin (76 ± 6 years old, n = 12) was topically treated with 0.4% ROL and its vehicle for 7 days. The effects of topical ROL on skin epidermis and dermis were evaluated by immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, Northern analysis, real-time RT-PCR and Western analysis. Collagen fibrils nanoscale structure and surface topology were analysed by atomic force microscopy. Results Topical ROL shows remarkable anti-ageing effects through three major types of skin cells: epidermal keratinocytes, dermal endothelial cells and fibroblasts. Topical ROL significantly increased epidermal thickness by stimulating keratinocytes proliferation and upregulation of c-Jun transcription factor. In addition to epidermal changes, topical ROL significantly improved dermal extracellular matrix (ECM) microenvironment; increasing dermal vascularity by stimulating endothelial cells proliferation and ECM production (type I collagen, fibronectin and elastin) by activating dermal fibroblasts. Topical ROL also stimulates TGF-β/CTGF pathway, the major regulator of ECM homeostasis, and thus enriched the deposition of ECM in aged human skin in vivo. 0.4% topical ROL achieved similar results as seen with topical retinoic acid, the biologically active form of ROL, without causing noticeable signs of retinoid side effects. Conclusion 0.4% topical ROL shows remarkable anti-ageing effects through improvement of the homeostasis of epidermis and dermis by stimulating the proliferation of keratinocytes and endothelial cells, and activating dermal fibroblasts. These data provide evidence that 0.4% topical ROL is a promising and safe treatment to improve the naturally aged human skin.
Negative Information in Sport: Minimizing Crisis Damage

Consumers are often exposed to negative information pertaining to sport organizations and athletes such as product failures and scandals. Based on an intensive literature review based mainly on the disciplines of marketing, management, and public relations, this chapter provides information that will contribute to a better understanding of crisis management in sport settings. Specifically, I will cover the types of negative outcomes that sport crises can produce, examine the unique characteristics of sport crises, and suggest methods for crisis management actions that sport marketers might utilize to alleviate potential damage. Sport crises elicit negative consumer evaluations from both affective (i.e., negative attitude toward sport entities) and cognitive (i.e., negative reputation of sport entities) perspectives. These negative outcomes usually lead to undesirable behavioral outcomes (i.e., negative word-of-mouth). A unique characteristic of sport crises involves performance relatedness, which refers to the extent to which the target crisis affects the sport entities’ performance in their particular sport. For example, if an athlete engages in the use of performance-enhancing drugs, it is considered a performance related crisis. On the other hand, if he or she becomes involved in off-field violence, it is regarded as a non-performance related crisis. Lastly, crisis damage minimization strategies are introduced. I discuss pre-crisis damage alleviation (i.e., insurance-like protection) and post-crisis damage alleviation (i.e., crisis response strategies). Future research directions will also be discussed.
EpCAM-Regulated Transcription Exerts Influences on Nanomechanical Properties of Endometrial Cancer Cells That Promote Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition

Overexpression of epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) has been implicated in advanced endometrial cancer, but its roles in this progression remain to be elucidated. In addition to its structural role in modulating cell-surface adhesion, here we demonstrate that EpCAM is a regulatory molecule in which its internalization into the nucleus turns on a transcription program. Activation of EGF/EGFR signal transduction triggered cell-surface cleavage of EpCAM, leading to nuclear internalization of its cytoplasmic domain EpICD. ChIP-seq analysis identified target genes that are coregulated by EpICD and its transcription partner, LEF-1. Network enrichment analysis further uncovered a group of 105 genes encoding functions for tight junction, adherent, and cell migration. Furthermore, nanomechanical analysis by atomic force microscopy revealed increased softness and decreased adhesiveness of EGF-stimulated cancer cells, implicating acquisition of an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype. Thus, genome editing of EpCAM could be associated with altering these nanomechanical properties towards a less aggressive phenotype. Using this integrative genomic-biophysical approach, we demonstrate for the first time an intricate relationship between EpCAM-regulated transcription and altered biophysical properties of cells that promote EMT in advanced endometrial cancer. Cancer Res; 76(21); 6171-82. ©2016 AACR.
Getting to the heart of the matter: Discursive negotiations of emotions within literacy coaching interactions

Abstract In this study, a microethnographic approach to discourse analysis was used to explore how literacy coaches and teachers discursively enacted emotions as they negotiated issues of identity, power, and positioning during video-recorded literacy coaching interactions. The coaches and teachers avoided shame, fear, and guilt as they positioned themselves and each other in relation to idealized notions of best practices and good teacher. Findings suggest that literacy coaches and teachers may benefit from acknowledging the emotional aspects of their work and from entering into discussions about emotions in order to support the development of a shared vision for teaching and learning.
Evolution of Tidewater Port

A portion of the Port of New Orleans consists of an inner harbor connected to the Gulf of Mexico and Lake Pontchartrain. The growth of this inner harbor is discussed with major emphasis on the hydraulic aspects. Such problems as current flow in the waterway complex, tidal flows and storm surges, salinity regime changes, and sedimentation in the waterway are mentioned.
Preparation and photoelectronic properties of FeNbO4

Abstract The orthorhombic α-PbO2 phase of FeNbO4 was prepared and its photoelectronic properties measured: Sintered disks were shown to be n type and gave a resistivity of 40 Ω-cm. Measurements of the photoresponse gave a flat-band potential between 0.1 and 0.4 V vs SCE at a pH of 8.5 and an optical band gap of 2.08(2) eV. Several higher-energy band gaps at 2.68(2), 2.94(2), 3.24(2), and 4.38(2) eV were also determined. There appears to be an enhancement of the quantum efficiency due to the presence of [FeO6] active centers while retaining the fundamental characteristics of the [NbO6] octahedra.
Transcatheter mitral valve replacement: an evolution of a revolution.

Mitral regurgitation (MR) is the most prevalent valve disease in the United States, affecting 6% of people over 75 years of age (1).
Numerical investigation of size effects on mechanical behaviors of Fe nanoparticles through an atomistic field theory

At nanoscale, the mechanical response of nanoparticles is largely affected by the particle size. To assess the effects of nanoparticle size (e.g., nanoparticle’s volume, cross-sectional area and le...
Evaluation of Sterilized Artificial Diets for Mass Rearing the Lucilia sericata (Diptera: Calliphoridae).

The impact of six sterilized diets (blood-yeast agar diet, decomposed beef liver diet, powdered beef liver diet, powdered fish diet, milk-based diet, and a chemically defined diet) on Lucilia sericata (Meigen) larvae reared at three densities (10 larvae, 20 larvae, and 40 larvae on 20 g diet) was determined in comparison to fresh beef liver as a control. Specifically, the effects of these diets on the following traits of L. sericata were measured: 1) pupal weight, 2) pupation percentage, 3) eclosion percentage, as well as 4) adult longevity. The experiment included two trials with five technical replicates in each. Lucilia sericata did not successfully develop on the powdered fish, milk-based, or chemically defined diets. Overall, the liver-based diets (decomposed and powdered) resulted in the most similar fly development to the fresh beef liver. Larvae reared on blood-yeast agar diet resulted in a significantly (increased 20.56% ± 8.09%) greater pupation rate than those reared on the decomposed and powdered beef liver diets. Pupae from larvae fed the fresh beef liver were significantly larger (6.27 ± 1.01 mg, 4.05 ± 0.94 mg larger, respectively) than those reared on the blood-yeast agar diet, decomposed beef liver, and powdered beef liver diets. Overall, results revealed larvae reared on sterilized liver-based diets resulted in traits similar to those raised on fresh beef liver. Owing to low costs the sterile liver-based diets could be produced and used with limited infrastructure and economic incomes.
Youth Purpose Worldwide: A Tapestry of Possibilities.

AbstractInterest in youth purpose is growing among scholars around the world. With globalization, better understanding of life purposes in different countries becomes more important as this generation’s youth are influenced by ideas and events anywhere. This special issue contributes to this inclusive, worldwide frame of mind by showcasing work done outside the US on the development, functioning and moral import of purposes as personal ‘threads’ intertwined that contribute to a global ‘tapestry.’ This introduction provides frameworks for thinking about the articles that follow, including: (1) the constructs and characteristics that different countries associate with purpose; (2) reciprocal and mutually reinforcing interactions of cultures’ values, norms, institutions and morals as sources of purpose with purpose-pursuing individuals’ perceptions of opportunities to act for shared benefit; (3) cultures’ contributions to whether and how purpose contributes to youths’ development of moral momentum in their l...
“A Running-Away from a Sort of Gentleman’s Understanding”

Despite Britain’s central role in initiating Geneva’s efforts to combat state-supported terrorism, the government quietly abandoned the draft convention. The International Conference on the Repression of Terrorism opened in Geneva on November 1, 1937. Thirty-five member states attended. It demonstrated how the League continued to carry out its technical work productively, but exposed the organization’s loss of influence and its increasing irrelevance to contemporary global events. While the two conventions contained potentially effective provisions, only one signatory ever ratified the anti-terrorism convention. Still, the British government claimed a diplomatic success and remained convinced that such peaceful appeasement was necessary to prevent repeating the Great War, the primary reason for creating the League in the first place.