cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
CARBAMATES IN THE CHEMOTHERAPY OF LEUKEMIA I. A PROCEDURE FOR SCREENING COMPOUNDS FOR LEUKOTOXIC ACTION

A simple procedure for screening compounds for leukotoxic action is described. Results obtained on assaying known leukopenic agents such as urethan, nitrogen mustard, x-ray, potassium arsenite, and benzene indicate a reasonable measure of reliability. ACKNOWLEDGMENT The authors wish to express grateful appreciation to Mr. Ben May of Mobile, Alabama, for support of this project.
Species traits predict stream‐fish invaders in an Appalachian (U.S.A.) river basin

U.S. Geological SurveyUnited States Geological Survey; Virginia Tech; VDGIF; Wildlife Management Institute
Prognostic significance of rate of tumor marker (TM) decline during high-dose chemotherapy (HDCT) for relapsed germ cell tumors (rGCT).

403Background: Rate of serum TM decline is prognostic in patients (pts) with GCT receiving first-line chemotherapy. We investigated the prognostic value of TM decline in rGCT treated with HDCT+peri...
Promoting Oral Health in Primary Care - Closing the Dental Referral Loop

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends collaboration with dentists and early dental referral as an essential component of oral health care for young children. The objective of this project was to increase dental referrals by implementing a structured referral process for young children at highest risk for caries. METHODS. A quality gap was identified showing a low percentage of 1-3 year old children with an established dental care provider. Process measure of identifying and documenting a primary dentist was tracked. Families of children without a dentist …
11 B(γ, π - ) 11 C cross section near threshold

Yields for the $^{11}\mathrm{B}(\ensuremath{\gamma},{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}})$ reaction have been measured between its threshold at 142.0 MeV and 169 MeV by observing the residual $^{11}\mathrm{C}$ activity. The reaction was initiated by thin-radiator bremsstrahlung. Measurements were made in 1 MeV steps up to 150 MeV, and in larger steps above this. The present results are consistent with previous data for this reaction obtained at higher energies. The cross section values near threshold deduced from the data are compared to recent preliminary theoretical values.
Comparison of 2,4-D, dicamba and halauxifen-methyl alone or in combination with glyphosate for preplant weed control

Cotton Incorporated State Support Program; Virginia Cotton Board; Hatch Program of the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture
Learned Scheduling of LDPC Decoders Based on Multi-armed Bandits

The multi-armed bandit (MAB) problem refers to the dilemma encountered by a gambler when deciding which arm of a multi-armed slot machine to pull in order to maximize the total reward earned in a sequence of pulls. In this paper, we model the scheduling of a node-wise sequential LDPC decoder as a Markov decision process, where the underlying Tanner graph is viewed as a slot machine with multiple arms corresponding to the check nodes. A fictitious gambler decides which check node to pull (schedule) next by observing a reward associated with each pull. This interaction enables the gambler to discover an optimized scheduling policy that aims to reach a codeword output by propagating the fewest possible messages. Based on this policy, we contrive a novel MAB-based node-wise scheduling (MABNS) algorithm to perform sequential decoding of LDPC codes. Simulation results show that the MAB-NS scheme, aided by an appropriate scheduling policy, outperforms traditional scheduling schemes in terms of complexity and bit error probability.
Preparation for Future Care Needs in Middle-Aged and Older Adults: What Promotes Feeling of Preparedness?:

Objective:To examine whether demographic, dementia-related, and control-related variables predict preparation for future care needs (PFCN) in a sample of middle-aged and older adults. PFCN is defin...
The role of Kabuki Syndrome genes KMT2D and KDM6A in development: Analysis in Human sequencing data and compared to mice and zebrafish

Abstract KMT2D and KDM6A are epigenetic regulators that have been implicated in Kabuki Syndrome, a rare congenital birth defect with multiple tissue and organ abnormalities, including craniofacial and heart defects. Our previous study identified human families with mutations in the epigenetic modifiers KMT2D and KDM6A, which is implicated in 32% and 10% of Kabuki Syndrome patients respectively. To understand the connection to Kabuki syndrome patients, and the transcriptional targets of KMT2D and KDM6A in humans, we performed RNA sequencing (seq) of lymphoblastoid cells from Kabuki Syndrome patients carrying mutations in KMT2D and KDM6A. We identified 1995 significant changes in transcriptional targets for KMT2D and 1917 for KDM6A, as compared to control. When compared with RNA-seq datasets obtained from other mouse and zebrafish studies, our analysis revealed KMT2D mutations affect the expression of 76 orthologous genes across all three datasets. Similarliy, KDM6A afftects the expprssion of 7 orthologous genes across three datasets. Despite the differences in cell types, stages, and species in the comparison between the transcriptomic datasets, there are common gene expression changes associated with KMT2D and KDM6A mutations. qPCR on novel zebrafish mutants confirmed the differentially expression in KMT2D or KDM6A mutant backgrounds. Taken together, our results show that KMT2D and KDM6A regulate common and unique genes across humans, mice, and zebrafish for early craniofacial and cardiac development and this information contributes to the understanding of epigenetic dysregulation during development of Kabuki syndrome.
Fungal community assembly during a high-temperature composting under different pasteurization regimes used to elaborate the Agaricus bisporus substrate.

Abstract Agaricus bisporus cultivation is based on a selective substrate prepared by a meticulous composting process where thermophilic and/or thermotolerant fungi might play an important role in straw biomass depolymerization. Since fungi have physiological limitations to survive and grow in high-temperature environments, we set out different pasteurization regimes (57 °C/6 h, 60 °C/2 h, and 68 °C/2 h) to evaluate the impact on the fungal community assembly. The fungal community profile generated by high-throughput sequencing showed shifts in community diversity and composition under different pasteurization regimes. Most of the recovered sequences belong to the Ascomycota phylum. Among 73 species detected, Mycothermus thermophilus, Talaromyces thermophilus, and Thermomyces lanuginosus were the most abundant. In the current study, we outlined that pasteurization regimes can reshape the fungal community in compost which can potentially impact the A. bisporus development.
Establishing the limits of the liberal international order: Latin America and the demand for development

Using a historical analysis based on archival research in Mexico, the United States, and Great Britain, this article argues that as Latin American negotiators waged campaigns for reforms to rules f...
Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Lefamulin

Lefamulin (Xenleta) has been approved by the US FDA for the treatment of community-acquired bacterial pneumonia (CABP). It may be taken intravenously or orally and has activity against a broad range of pulmonary pathogens, including Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Legionella pneumophila, and Chlamydophila pneumonia, as well as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium. Lefamulin has an adverse effect profile that is similar to other antimicrobial agents commonly used to treat CABP. Despite these promising features, the use of lefamulin remains limited in clinical practice. However, given the rise of antibiotic-resistant organisms, this may soon change. This review examines what is known about the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of lefamulin and looks ahead to its potential applications in clinical practice, including the treatment of sexually transmitted infections such as multidrug-resistant Mycoplasma genitalium, as well as its role as a synergistic agent used in combination with other antimicrobials in the treatment of drug-resistant organisms.
Women, Infants, and Children Cash Value Benefit Redemption Choices in the Electronic Benefit Transfer Era.

PURPOSE This study aims to examine the relationship between cash value benefit (CVB) redemption outcomes in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) across food processing types and socio-demographics. DESIGN Cross-sectional and panel analyses. SETTING Virginia. SUBJECTS 98,067 Virginia WIC households. MEASURES CVB redemption rate. RESULTS The predominant share of CVB redemption was for fresh produce (77.3%). Non-Hispanic whites and blacks redeemed a smaller share of fresh produce than Hispanic participants (P < .001). Non-Hispanic black WIC households have a significantly lower CVB redemption rate than non-Hispanic white WIC households (β = -.008, P < .001). Households with a child participant tend to have a higher redemption rate (β = .01, P < .001). The redemption rates of fruits and of vegetables were positively correlated with household size. CONCLUSIONS Minority status and household size were significantly related to CVB redemptions among Virginia WIC participants.
Conducting Biophysical Impact and Technical Adaptation Assessments

As shown on the vulnerability and adaptation assessment flow diagram (Figure 2.1), after the scenarios have been selected, the next step in the process is to conduct the biophysical impact and technical adaptation assessments. These assessments focus on the specific biological and physical effects that climate change may have on various sectors of the economy and the natural environment. This section describes procedures for conducting assessments on five sectors: Crops, Grasslands and livestock, Forests, Water resources, and Coastal resources.
Partial Merging of Semi-structured Knowledgebases

Automatizing the merging of knowledgebases is an important step towards more efficient knowledge management. The cases when two knowledgebases need to be merged completely into a monolithic result, however, are relatively rare. Most often, some of the information is irrelevant, not trusted, or needs special treatment as a belief, opinion or preference. This paper presents an approach for partial merging of semi-structured knowledgebases. The merging scheme is based on the partitioning of the knowledgebases through the use of swimlines and the application of specific primitive merging algorithms in the partitions thus created. This approach allows the participants of the merging operation to specify their intentions in the merging process in an efficient and intuitive way.
On Public-Key Steganography in the Presence of an Active Warden

The so-called prisoners’ problem, in which two individuals attempt to communicate covertly without alerting a “warden” who controls the communications channel, has taken a number of forms, adorned with various assumptions or requirements which make the problem more or less difficult. One assumption which makes the problem considerably more managable is that the participants are allowed to share some secret information (such as an encryption key) prior to imprisonment. Another assumption, which makes the problem much more difficult, is that the warden be allowed to modify messages sent between the prisoners as well as read them. This paper describes techniques for pure steganography, in which no secret information needs to be shared before imprisonment. First, a modification of an existing protocol will be shown to admit pure steganography if the warden is not allowed to modify the contents of the channel. Then, a technique will be described that allows pure steganography between two prisoners in the presence in the presence of an active (content-modifying) warden.
DNA damage and repair in light-induced photoreceptor degeneration.

Purpose Intense light causes photoreceptor death that is greatest in the superior central retina. Short-duration treatment in a light-damage model results in TUNEL-positive photoreceptor nuclei within this region. However, cells lost 10 days after light treatment are fewer than the TUNEL-labeled cells observed earlier. Therefore, this study was undertaken to monitor DNA fragmentation and cell death to explain the discrepancy. Methods Eyes of dark-adapted rats were light damaged for 4 or 5 hours. DNA fragmentation was measured by TUNEL, laddering, and highly repetitive short interspersed nuclear element (SINE) analysis in dark-adapted, nondamaged control (dark-control) retinas and in retinas collected at 6-hour intervals after light treatment. TUNEL-positive photoreceptor nuclei were counted in these samples along a superior-to-inferior meridian and compared with control and damaged 10-day retinas. Monocytes and DNA polymerase beta were monitored by immunohistochemistry. Results TUNEL-positive staining of photoreceptors was centered around the superior central retina. At 10 days, photoreceptor loss had occurred in this region. In graphs of 6-hour-interval data, two DNA-fragmentation peaks, 24 hours apart, were evident. Monocytes appeared after nuclear damage. Total TUNEL-positive cells under both peaks exceeded the number of photoreceptors lost. The DNA-repair enzyme, polymerase beta, was induced in the superior central retina, within photoreceptor inner segments, 24 hours after light treatment, but declined thereafter. Conclusions One population of damaged cells may mend DNA until the repair mechanism is exceeded and then revert to apoptosis, or, alternatively, two populations may undergo DNA fragmentation 24 hours apart. Either DNA fragmentation is masked at midpoint by temporary repair, or two waves of damage occur, but repair rescues the first set, not the second. Photoreceptors lost are fewer than TUNEL-positive cells. Thus, both possibilities suggest photoreceptor DNA repair. The transient appearance of DNA polymerase beta in photoreceptors under these experimental conditions further suggests nuclear repair. Thus, maintenance of in-house DNA-repair mechanisms may provide an alternate approach for the rescue of photoreceptors, as well as other neurons with stress-induced damage. These events may provide useful drug targets to promote photoreceptor survival in various forms of retinal degeneration.
Peer-to-Peer Lending: Innovative Access to Credit and the Consequences of Dodd-Frank

Following a brief overview of how modern P2P lending works, this legal backgrounder will describe these recent regulatory and legislative developments. It will then conclude with a discussion of the relationship between regulation and innovation as it applies to this area. As evidenced by the industry's growth, recent innovations in P2P lending have proven to benefit investors and consumers alike. While regulation is intended to improve transparency and protect the parties involved, it can have the effect of stifling innovation by imposing costly compliance hurdles.
Religious Use of Copyrighted Works after Smith, RFRA, and Eldred

In this Article, I evaluate the copyright doctrine of fair use and the use of injunctions to enforce copyrights in the context of religion in light of the Supreme Court decisions in Employment Division v. Smith and Eldred v. Ashcroft, and in light of the Religious Freedom Restoration Act (RFRA), the Congressional response to Smith. I conclude that religion is a special category such that the religious nature of the work and the religious nature of the use of a work should affect fair use analysis and, where fair use does not protect the use, injunctions should be used sparingly in favor of using the remedy of compulsory license. These conclusions are supported by and are indeed in part a consequence of the social utilitarian foundation of copyright law in the United States and the related social justice principles of inclusion and empowerment, combined with the special place religion has in our constitutional scheme. My proposal provides a balanced, principled means for treating religion specially in the copyright context while maintaining both the copyright incentivizing function and the aim of making appropriate space for religious exercise and discourse.
A gene encoding the major beta tubulin of the mitotic spindle in Physarum polycephalum plasmodia.

Abstract The multinucleate plasmodium of Physarum polycephalum is unusual among eucaryotic cells in that it uses tubulins only in mitotic-spindle microtubules; cytoskeletal, flagellar, and centriolar microtubules are absent in this cell type. We have identified a beta-tubulin cDNA clone, beta 105, which is shown to correspond to the transcript of the betC beta-tubulin locus and to encode beta 2 tubulin, the beta tubulin expressed specifically in the plasmodium and used exclusively in the mitotic spindle. Physarum amoebae utilize tubulins in the cytoskeleton, centrioles, and flagella, in addition to the mitotic spindle. Sequence analysis shows that beta 2 tubulin is only 83% identical to the two beta tubulins expressed in amoebae. This compares with 70 to 83% identity between Physarum beta 2 tubulin and the beta tubulins of yeasts, fungi, alga, trypanosome, fruit fly, chicken, and mouse. On the other hand, Physarum beta 2 tubulin is no more similar to, for example, Aspergillus beta tubulins than it is to those of Drosophila melanogaster or mammals. Several eucaryotes express at least one widely diverged beta tubulin as well as one or more beta tubulins that conform more closely to a consensus beta-tubulin sequence. We suggest that beta-tubulins diverge more when their expression pattern is restricted, especially when this restriction results in their use in fewer functions. This divergence among beta tubulins could have resulted through neutral drift. For example, exclusive use of Physarum beta 2 tubulin in the spindle may have allowed more amino acid substitutions than would be functionally tolerable in the beta tubulins that are utilized in multiple microtubular organelles. Alternatively, restricted use of beta tubulins may allow positive selection to operate more freely to refine beta-tubulin function.
Neuroendocrine carcinomas of the skin: light microscopic, ultrastructural, and immunohistochemical analysis.

Three primary skin carcinomas were analyzed by light microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and electron microscopy. In all cases, local recurrences, regional lymph node metastases, distant metastases, or all three developed. One patient had elevated serum calcitonin levels that did not decrease after thyroidectomy but did return to normal after removal of the skin tumor recurrences, its metastases, or both.The tumor cells were arranged in solid clusters; a trabecular arrangement was occasionally seen. In 2 cases the cells were of intermediate size and showed vesicular central nuclei and pale, moderately abundant cytoplasm. In the remaining case the cells were distinctly smaller and either round or fusiform. Mitoses were more abundant in the latter case than in the former two.By immunohistochemistry, calcitonin- and somatostatin-containing cells were demonstrated in all cases and ACTH in one. By electron microscopy, the cases consisting of intermediate-size cells displayed moderately abundant neurosecretory-ty...
Alkaline phosphatase isozymes in large intestines and large intestinal tumors of Fischer 344 rats

Summary Eight electrophoretic forms of alkaline phosphatase (orthophosphoric monoester phosphohydrolase, EC 3.1.3.1) were detected in butanol extracts of Fischer 344 rat large intestines. Seven of these isozymes have higher mobility than the small intestinal form(s) in non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. These more mobile forms may be derived during extraction from more slowly migrating forms that are analogous to those forms found in the small intestine. Monoclonal antibody with specificity for a rat small intestinal isozyme cross-reacts with four of the large intestinal isozymes. This antibody does not cross-react with alkaline phosphatases from human or hog small intestine. Gel exclusion chromatography molecular weight estimates of rat intestinal forms range from 1.1 × 10 5 to 2.5 × 10 5 . Alkaline phosphatase from two colon tumors obtained from azoxymethane treated rats appeared to be similar to an isozyme found in some normal rats, on the basis of electrophoretic mobility and cross-reactivity with the monoclonal antibody.
A study of positional disorder in strontium barium niobate

The first systematic examination of trends in the site occupancies of strontium and barium ions in strontium barium niobate (SBN) at three compositions across the phase range is presented. X-ray powder diffraction and Rietveld structure refinement were used to obtain refined structures for SBN. Some problems were encountered in the structure refinement due to the domain structure in the material. Barium was found only at the A2 site for each composition. Ba/Sr occupancy for the A2 site varied from 91% for SBN (72-28) to 99% for SBN (50-50) in the unannealed state, while strontium occupancy of the A1 site varied from 70% to 54%. In annealed SBN (50-50), the A2 site occupancy decreased to 95%, while the A1 site occupancy increased to 62%. It is proposed that a twisting of the structure in the unannealed state decreases the sizes of the cages at the A1, A2 and C sites. After annealing, the structure becomes more regular, enlarging the A1, A2 and C sites and allowing more strontium atoms to occupy the A1 site. Cation distribution is controlled by the twisting of the octahedral framework. The overall properties of the material are modified by this distortion of the structure.
Development, disasters and vulnerability: a discussion of divergent theories and the need for their integration

The paper explores diverse theories of development and illustrates how they are also applied to the study of disaster. Shows that recent research from both the radical and conservative ideological camps recognizes the benefit of theoretical integration. Concludes with implications for disaster scholarship and management, paying special attention to the importance of the concept of vulnerability.
Sex differences in extinction of food-rewarded approach responses

Female rats exhibited slower extinction of a food-rewarded running response than did males, but here was no sex difference in extinction of a barpress response that was rewarded by food. It is suggested that sex differences in exploratory activity underlie the differences in extinction.
Levodopa-induced dyskinesias treated by pallidotomy

Pallidotomy has been reported to improve parkinsonian symptoms, but its effects on levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) have not been thoroughly examined. We describe here the results of stereotactic, unilateral, posteroventral pallidotomy on LID in 42 patients (22 women), who were followed for up to 9 months. Their mean age was 60.6±9.3 (range: 40–74), age at onset was 46.1±9.1 (range: 24–46), and duration of symptoms was 14.5±5.3 (range: 4–25) years. Three months following pallidotomy, the percent time with dyskinesia decreased from 37.0 to 17.3 (P<0.0001) and the percent time the patients were ‘on’ with dyskinesias decreased even more, from 71.0 to 22.9 (P<0.0001). Furthermore, the number of patients with troublesome (moderate to violent) dyskinesia had decreased from 36 (86%) prior to surgery to only 5 (12%) after surgery. The mean unified Parkinson disease rating scale (UPDRS) scores for LID-related disability and pain decreased from 1.95 to 0.74 (P<0.0001) and from 1.02 to 0.17 (P<0.0001), respectively. Since the pre- and post-pallidotomy daily levodopa dosage remained essentially the same, the improvement in LID could not be attributed to a reduction in levodopa. Surgery-related complications occurred in eight (19%) patients, but none of them had persistent disability as a result of these complications. We conclude that pallidotomy is an effective and safe procedure in the treatment of medically intractable LID.
Limiting state of a semiinfinite plate with edge crack in bending with tension

We solve the problem of stressed state and limiting equilibrium of a semiinfinite plate with edge crack under the action of symmetric bending with tension. In the two-dimensional case, the possibility of crack closure is taken into account by using a model of contact along a line. An algorithm for the numerical solution of the mixed problem is proposed. The diagram of limiting equilibrium of the cracked plate shows that the range of safe states enlarges if the effect of crack closure is taken into account.
The sedimentation potential in a dilute suspension

Abstract During the sedimentation of charged particles immersed in an ionic solution, a gradient of electric potential forms. The gradient reflects the surface potential of the particles, moderated by the screening effect of the diffuse charge. In the theory developed here the fact that the net current is zero is used to derive an expression for the gradient which is free of ambiguities associated with the shape of the averaging volume, one of the shortcomings of the previous theory. The general expression also differs from those derived by previous investigators who summed the dipole fields for each particle, a procedure which leads to expressions that fail to satisfy the constraint on the current. The effect of the macroscopic field on the sedimentation velocity is found to be significant when the double layer is thick. Changes in the sedimentation coefficient are also reflected in the Brownian diffusivity of suspended particles but here the effect appears less significant.
Optimal disk allocation for partial match queries

The problem of disk allocation addresses the issue of how to distribute a file on several disks in order to maximize concurrent disk accesses in response to a partial match query. In this paper a coding-theoretic analysis of this problem is presented, and both necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of strictly optimal allocation methods are provided. Based on a class of optimal codes, known as maximum distance separable codes, strictly optimal allocation methods are constructed. Using the necessary conditions proved, we argue that the standard definition of strict optimality is too strong and cannot be attained, in general. Hence, we reconsider the definition of optimality. Instead of basing it on an abstract definition that may not be attainable, we propose a new definition based on the best possible allocation method. Using coding theory, allocation methods that are optimal according to our proposed criterion are developed.
Placement of peripherally inserted central catheters in the cardiac catheterization laboratory.

This report describes our experiences with three patients requiring several weeks of central venous access for various intravenous therapies. These particular patients posed a considerable challenge for bedside placement of a peripherally inserted central catheter, so the catheters were placed in the cardiac catheterization laboratory by the cardiology team involved using a different technique for each patient. Cathet. Cardiovasc. Diagn. 41:189–191, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Modelling Crack Propagation in Anisotropic Media

Abstract Based on the asymptotic crack tip characteristics of anisotropic elasticity, a moving template finite element simulation scheme is developed to establish the stress intensity factors of multiple cracks in materials with directionally dependent mechanical properties. This is achieved from a hierarchical point of view wherein a global finite element model is recursively used to obtain the boundary condition information (deflections/forces) for the templates, i.e. 2nd level finite element mesh attached to the various cracks associated with a given structure. The many crack wakes in the global model are defined through the use of birth and death elements which are themselves handled hierarchically. The individual templates are solved separately so that their associated embedded singularities can be employed to determine local crack tip physics. The procedure provides the capability to handle both directional stiffness, strength and fatigue property variations. This is achieved by reinterpreting the tip physics from a probabilistic point of view. The result is a new scheme to define cracking directionality. Overall, the procedure provides such information as the mean cracking direction, as well as higher order probabilistic properties, the standard deviation, skewness, multimodality, kurtosis, i.e. lepto/platekurticity and so on. Due to the generality of the moving scheme, propagating multiple cracks can be simulated along with their joint interactions/shading effects. To demonstrate the scheme, several example problems are included. These both illustrate the effects of material anisotropy, as well as benchmark the procedures overall accuracy in correlations with available simulations.
What kind of corporate planner do you need

Abstract The planning literature ignores distinctions among types of plans and types of planners. Consequently, a systematic pairing of planners and a company's level of planning need is not well understood or implemented in practice. This paper provides two missing links in order to bridge this shortfall between theory and practice. One is a planning matrix which establishes six possible planning modes for a company based on its stage of development and management style. The second is a distinction between three types of planners who would be appropriate to each planning mode. The matrix plus the three categories of planners provides a new tool for management in its responsibility for planning the job of the corporate planner. In doing so, it also surfaces some underlying causes of organizational strain and stress associated with the corporate planner's position.
Interwar southeastern europe confronts the west: the new generation: cioran, yanev, popović

This piece examines the reaction to modernism or Europeanization of an important segment of the intellectual elite in southeastern Europe in the period between the two world wars. The Romanian Emil Cioran, the Bulgarian Yanko Yanev, and the Serb Justin Popovic represented broader currents of opinion in their respective countries on the crucial issues of national identity and paths of development. But each approached the challenges that Europe posed in highly individual ways. Whatever their response may have been – approval or rejection – they were certain that they could ignore Europe only at their peril.
Tiglicamides A–C, cyclodepsipeptides from the marine cyanobacterium Lyngbya confervoides

The Floridian marine cyanobacterium Lyngbya confervoides afforded cyclodepsipeptides, termed tiglicamides A-C (1-3), along with their previously reported analogues largamides A-C (4-6), all of which possess an unusual tiglic acid moiety. Their structures were deduced by one- and two-dimensional NMR combined with mass spectrometry and the absolute configurations established by chiral HPLC and Marfey's analysis of the degradation products. Compounds 1-3 moderately inhibited porcine pancreatic elastase in vitro with IC(50) values from 2.14 to 7.28 microM. Compounds 1-6 differ from each other by one amino acid residue within the cyclic core structure, suggesting an unusually relaxed substrate specificity of the nonribosomal peptide synthetase that is the putative biosynthetic enzyme responsible for the corresponding amino acid incorporation.
Bureaucrats and Tax Limitation

Abstract This paper examines the welfare effect of tax limitation and the nature of voting equilibrium on tax limitation proposals in an economy where voters initially accept or reject the tax bill proposed by a monopoly bureau. Since tax limitation enables voters to limit the tax bill to the desired level, it improves the voters′ welfare. However, voters may not impose tax limitation, because the bureau may prevent tax limitation ahead of time by softening its monopoly position and because heterogeneous voters may fail to agree on how much the tax should be limited. The analysis attempts to identify the conditions under which voters impose tax limitation.
Responding to suspected smallpox cases in the Los Angeles County from 2002 to 2006: identifying areas for education.

Abstract Introduction Although smallpox has been eradicated, health care providers in emergency departments (EDs) need to remain vigilant to its recognition. Smallpox can be confused with chickenpox. We describe suspected smallpox cases reported in Los Angeles County from 2002 to 2006 and highlight areas for education. Methods We retrospectively reviewed suspected smallpox reports from 2002 to 2006. Laboratory testing was performed. Photographs of rashes were taken. Results Five suspected smallpox cases were reported. Two presented first to an ED. Smallpox was suspected based on rash features. Previous history of chickenpox or varicella vaccination may have caused increased suspicion for smallpox. All 5 were determined to have a final diagnosis of chickenpox. Health care providers notified public health appropriately and responses were immediate. Conclusions Public health investigated 5 suspected smallpox cases in the past 5 years. Two presented initially to EDs. Education differentiating smallpox from chickenpox and collaboration between public health, EDs, and health care providers remains important. The ability to respond rapidly to a potential bioterrorism emergency was tested.
Observations of turbulent boundary-layer interaction with a thunderstorm outflow — A possible wake region energy source

Laboratory and numerical model simulations of turbulent circulations within the wake regions of thunderstorm outflows have been done with the assumption that there is no turbulence within the ambient airmass. Furthermore, many observational studies have used Doppler radar data that have been filtered so that turbulent structures are reduced in amplitude or eliminated altogether. This study presents unique Doppler radar observations of the collision of a roll-like boundary-layer circulation with a gust flow. The boundary-layer circulation is seen to interact with the circulation within the gust flow head and to reappear within the wake region. It is suggested that the ambient boundary layer may be an energy source for the generation and/or maintenance of turbulence in the wake region.
In Situ Monitoring of the NaCl + HNO3 Surface Reaction: The Observation of Mobile Surface Strings

The reaction of single-crystal NaCl(100) with dry HNO3 was monitored using atomic force microscopy in contact mode. Initial exposure to dry HNO3 results in the growth of a two-dimensional metastable layer of NaNO3 to nearly complete surface coverage. Exposure of this metastable NaNO3 layer to small amounts of H2O produces deliquescence of the surface with concomitant rearrangement of the NaNO3 adlayer to form unusual mobile “strings” presumed to contain NaNO3. These strings are transient and eventually crystallize to form rhombohedral NaNO3 crystals sitting on top of the NaCl surface.
Effect of urine pH and ascorbic acid on the rate of conversion of methenamine to formaldehyde

The kinetics of conversion of methenamine to the active form formaldehyde were studied in pooled urine samples at 37 degrees in the pH range 4.9-6.5. Using a method for the determination of both formaldehyde and unhydrolyzed methenamine, the rate of formaldehyde formation in urine was found to be apparent first order and was pH dependent. Bactericidal concentrations of formaldehyde (> 28 micrograms ml-1) were achieved in 3 h in urine of pH 6.0 containing methenamine at 750 micrograms ml-1. There was no difference in the in vitro rate of conversion of methenamine to formaldehyde between the urine collected from normal subjects and the urine from subjects administered ascorbic acid. The rates of degradation of the mandelate and hippurate salts in buffer systems of various pH values did not differ significantly from those of methenamine base in urine adjusted to the same pH. The half-life of methenamine conversion to formaldehyde increased approximately 20 times from 20 h at pH 5.0 to about 400 h at pH 6.5. The data suggest that unless the urine is maintained below pH 6 only a small fraction of methenamine would be converted daily to formaldehyde and, thus, may explain the need for large doses of this drug in patients.
A prodiginine pigment toxic to embryos and larvae of Crassostrea virginica

Abstract The red pigment produced by a marine Pseudomonas sp. which causes abnormal development and mortality in developing embryos of the American oyster, Crassostrea virginica, was analyzed. A comparative study of a nonpigmented and two pigmented mutants of the red parental strain indicated that virulence was associated and varied with pigmentation. The use of sonicated cells supported lysing of the pseudomonad cells as the most probable means of pigment release. Crude pigment extracted from the red parental strain and its yellow mutant was toxic to developing oyster embryos. Neither the “pigment” extracted from the white mutant nor dimethyl sulfoxide, used for dissolving the extract, was toxic. Three pigment fractions were demonstrated by thin-layer chromatography even after purification. Studies indicate that only the fraction corresponding to R1 0.41 was necessary for virulence. The virulent pigment fraction was identified as belonging to the prodiginine group.
Potential Impacts of Educational Telecommunications Systems

Potential impacts of large-scale educational telecommunications systems are identified and issues to be considered in a more formal technology assessment are discussed. Educational telecommunications systems involving television, computer-aided instruction, and information resource sharing are in various stages of planning and implementation. However, relatively little work has been performed to assess both short- and long-term impacts of such systems on education, society and the individual. Potential impact areas include: impacts on education; economic impacts; political and legal impacts; social, psychological and cultural impacts; physical and environmental impacts.
Evaluation of unstable shoulders by computed tomography A preliminary study

Three patients who had various types of glenohumeral joint instability, and in whom computed tomography (CT) was utilized as an additional diagnostic modality, are presented. In two of the three patients, routine radiography supplemented with special views documented the presence of a Hill-Sachs lesion; in the third, an equivocal abnormality was apparent. In all three individuals, CT verified the presence of a Hill-Sachs lesion; in one patient, there was also a Bankart deformity. CT represents a new and important modality that may be applied to the diagnostic evaluation of patients with unstable shoulders.
Contextualizing Recent Judgment and Decision-Making Concepts for Outdoor Leadership Research

At present, the literature on judgment and decision-making in outdoor leadership is either limited to (a) empirical studies that explore a particular aspect of judgment and decisionmaking, (b) discussions in textbooks that are designed to inform undergraduates and novices, and (c) somewhat outdated theoretical explanations of judgment and decisionmaking as they relate to outdoor recreation education. Collectively, these individual facets of a large and complex body of work inadequately surmise the gestalt of the present knowledge regarding judgment and decision-making. This article addresses this gap by integrating recent findings from parent disciplines to outdoor leadership and outdoor leisure pursuit contexts, primarily by adopting a â€œdual-processâ€ framework. Three major themes emerge in the outdoor leadership literature, one that focuses on heuristics and biases, one that focuses on naturalistic decision-making (NDM), and one that explores differences among novice and expert outdoor leaders. These themes are considered in relation to trans-disciplinary judgment and decision-making literature. Conclusions suggest an integrated approach to understanding decision-making in outdoor leadership that focuses on the decision-making environment, the decision-maker, the type of decisions being made, and the decision-making process itself.
Successful use of problem-based learning in a third-year pediatric clerkship.

Objective.—To determine the effect of changing from lectures to a problem-based learning (PBL) curriculum on student knowledge accrual and satisfaction with the didactic portion of a clerkship. Design.—Study of cohorts before and after PBL introduction and in comparison with unchanged medicine clerkship. Setting.—Third-year pediatric clerkship at 5 clinical sites. Participants.—The PBL curriculum was introduced in the 1996 academic year. The 2 classes before the intervention served as historic controls (n = 319), whereas the 2 classes after PBL served as the intervention group (n = 320). Intervention.—Small groups of students worked through 6 PBL cases representing common pediatric illnesses. Main Outcome Measures.—Knowledge was assessed with the pediatric and internal medicine subject examination of the National Board of Medical Examiners (NBME); student satisfaction was assessed by an anonymous end-of-rotation questionnaire. Results.—Scores on the pediatric subject examination improved significantly from means of 69.2 and 70.0 in the historic control group to 73.6 and 74.2 in the PBL cohort (P Conclusion.—Use of PBL in a clinical clerkship was associated with higher scores on the NBME subject examination and increased student satisfaction. These results should encourage the use of PBL during the clinical years.
Dissociation of two distinct luteotropic effects of prolactin: regulation of luteinizing hormone-receptor content and progesterone secretion during pregnancy.

The roles of the pituitary and placenta in pregnant rats and, more specifically, the effects of prolactin and rat placental lactogen on luteal cell function were examined. Hypophysectomy, but not hysterectomy, on day 9 of pregnancy, caused serum progesterone concentrations to decrease 90% and luteal cell LH receptor content to drop 35% by 24 h suggesting pituitary support of luteal cell function at this time. Hypophysectomy and hysterectomy on day 9 effected a similar change in progesterone. The decrease in LH receptor, which was not seen until 48 h, could be prevented by daily administration of prolactin (250 μg/day) or serum of day 12 pregnant rats (2 ml/day). The drop in progesterone production was reduced by the administration of prolactin or PRS alone but was completely prevented by combining prolactin treatment with estradiol (100 μg/day in sesame oil). Hysterectomy on day 12 of pregnancy caused serum progesterone to decrease within 72 h. LH receptor content remained unchanged on day 15 of pregnancy...
Determination of phosphorus, arsenic or silicon by atomic absorption spectrometry of molybdenum heteropoly acids

Abstract A method is described for the determination of trace amounts of phosphorus, arsenic or silicon by atomic absorption spectrometry. The heteropoly-molybdo acids of phosphorus, arsenic and silicon were formed and selectively separated by means of solvent extraction, and the molybdenum present in the organic phase was determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy with a nitrous oxide-acetylene flame. The method is rapid, simple and accurate and is essentially free from interferences.
Linear and Multilinear Aspects of Isomorph Rejection

This paper considers certain linear and multilinear aspects of the classical isomorph rejection problem. Specifically, elements of a finite set S are considered as elements of a finite dimensional vector space. Some classical and more recent formulations of Bumside's Lemma are stated and proved in this linear algebraic setting. It is observed that the specialization of S as a finite function space yields a multilinear structure on the underlying vector space. It is remarked that the multilinear structure may be exploited to achieve Po1ya-like counting theorems
BLOSOM: a framework for mining arbitrary boolean expressions

We introduce a novel framework, called BLOSOM, for mining (frequent) boolean expressions over binary-valued datasets. We organize the space of boolean expressions into four categories: pure conjunctions, pure disjunctions, conjunction of disjunctions, and disjunction of conjunctions. We focus on mining the simplest expressions the minimal generators for each class. We also propose a closure operator for each class that yields closed boolean expressions. BLOSOM efficiently mines frequent boolean expressions by utilizing a number of methodical pruning techniques. Experiments showcase the behavior of BLOSOM, and an application study on a real dataset is also given.
Navier-Stokes prediction of large-amplitude forced and free-to-roll delta-wing oscillations

The three-dimensional Reynolds-averaged, Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations are used to numerically simulate nonsteady vortical flow about a 65 degree sweep delta wing at 30 degrees angle of attack. Two large-amplitude, high-rate, forced-roll motions and a damped free-to-roll motion are presented. The free-to-roll motion is computed by coupling the time-dependent RANS equations to the flight dynamic equation of motion. The computed results are compared with experimental forces, moments, and roll-angle time histories. The overall agreement is good. Vortex breakdown is present in each case, which causes significant time lags in the vortex breakdown motions relative to the body motions. This behavior strongly influences the dynamic forces and moments.
Using MCG to find PP-cycles in planar graphs [optical network applications]

We present a detailed study on finding p-cycles. Called pp-cycles (planar p-cycles), they can take the geographical nature of the network into account and protect all links within the same area. An algorithm that exploits all these properties is implemented and tested.
Effects of the specific α4β2 nAChR antagonist, 2-fluoro-3-(4-nitrophenyl) deschloroepibatidine, on nicotine reward-related behaviors in rats and mice.

Rationale Alleviating addiction to tobacco products could prevent millions of deaths. Investigating novel compounds selectively targeting α4β2 nAChRs hypothesized to have a key role in the rewarding effects of nicotine may be a useful approach for future treatment.
Interference with the determination of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase activity and its properties by a microsomal enzymic activity.

Abstract Rat liver microsomes and microsomal extracts contain an enzymic activity which competes with 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase for 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A. The presence of this activity in enzyme preparations causes errors in the determination of reductase activity and its properties. This contaminant can be removed by gel filtration using Bio-Gel A 1.5m, by washing the microsomes, or by incubating the microsomal extract at 37 °C. The K m 's of the reductase (free of this competing enzymic activity) for d -3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A and NADPH are 1.3 and 26 μ m , respectively.
Effect of dissociating agents on physical properties of fat globule membrane fractions.

Abstract The solubility, electrophoretic, and ultracentrifugal characteristics of low-density and high-density lipid protein fractions and their protein components were studied in the presence of various dissociating agents. Sodium dodecyl sulfate effectively dissociated the low-density and soluble protein fractions. The high-density fraction and its insoluble protein moiety were less effectively dissociated by this agent. Molecular weight studies indicated that the system guanidine · HCl + 2-mercaptoethanol was an effective dissociating agent for both the soluble and insoluble protein fractions and, in this system, the molecular weights for the small components were estimated at 20,000 and 50,000, respectively. Observations made from these experiments implicate hydrophobic and covalent disulfide bonding as significant forces contributing to the microstructure of the membrane complex.