cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
CASE STUDY: Implementation of feed management as part of whole-farm nutrient management

ABSTRACT In 2006, the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) Conservation Innovation Grant program funded a project to develop the infrastructure for the systematic development and implementation of the USDA-NRCS Feed Management (FM) Conservation Practice Standard 592 (CPS 592). The overall goal of CPS 592 is to encourage adoption of FM practices that can have a positive impact on soil, water, and air quality. Implementation documents, templates, decision aid tools, and supporting fact sheets were developed for the species of beef, dairy, poultry, and swine. Specific objectives of the project were to 1) assist USDA-NRCS staff and agricultural professionals to increase their understanding of FM and its impacts on environmental sustainability of livestock and poultry operations, 2) improve the proficiency of agricultural professionals in the development and implementation of a FM plan as part of a Comprehensive Nutrient Management Plan, 3) provide the American Registry of Professional Animal Scientists with certification exams, and 4) provide methodology on how to assess the financial implications of different ration strategies on whole-farm nutrient balance and economics of use of manure nutrients at agronomic rates. Implementation of CPS 592 is described for the states of California, Maryland, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin.
Beliefs about gender differences in methods and causes of suicide.

Forty undergraduate students (20 Males, 20 females) made judgments about the relationship between an individual's gender and the method of suicide most likely to be chosen by that individual. The perceived relationship between different precipitating events for suicide and the method of suicide were also examined, as were the participants' judgments about the moral justifiability of suicide in response to different traumatic situations. The results indicated clear and consistent beliefs about the relationship between the gender of the potential suicide victim, the method of suicide likely to be chosen, and whether or not the cause of the suicide was judged harshly or sympathetically. Understanding how the gender of an at-risk individual interacts with an observer's beliefs and moral perspective should help us predict when suicide threats will be taken seriously and what form of intervention will take place.
Isolation and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Glioma-infiltrating Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells.

Our laboratory has recently demonstrated that natural killer (NK) cells are capable of eradicating orthotopically implanted mouse GL26 and rat CNS-1 malignant gliomas soon after intracranial engraftment if the cancer cells are rendered deficient in their expression of the β-galactoside-binding lectin galectin-1 (gal-1). More recent work now shows that a population of Gr-1+/CD11b+ myeloid cells is critical to this effect. To better understand the mechanisms by which NK and myeloid cells cooperate to confer gal-1-deficient tumor rejection we have developed a comprehensive protocol for the isolation and analysis of glioma-infiltrating peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). The method is demonstrated here by comparing PBMC infiltration into the tumor microenvironment of gal-1-expressing GL26 gliomas with those rendered gal-1-deficient via shRNA knockdown. The protocol begins with a description of how to culture and prepare GL26 cells for inoculation into the syngeneic C57BL/6J mouse brain. It then explains the steps involved in the isolation and flow cytometric analysis of glioma-infiltrating PBMCs from the early brain tumor microenvironment. The method is adaptable to a number of in vivo experimental designs in which temporal data on immune infiltration into the brain is required. The method is sensitive and highly reproducible, as glioma-infiltrating PBMCs can be isolated from intracranial tumors as soon as 24 hr post-tumor engraftment with similar cell counts observed from time point matched tumors throughout independent experiments. A single experimentalist can perform the method from brain harvesting to flow cytometric analysis of glioma-infiltrating PBMCs in roughly 4-6 hr depending on the number of samples to be analyzed. Alternative glioma models and/or cell-specific detection antibodies may also be used at the experimentalists’ discretion to assess the infiltration of several other immune cell types of interest without the need for alterations to the overall procedure.
Production Within and Beyond Imperial Boundaries: Goods, Exchange, and Power in Roman Europe

After Rome had conquered much of temperate Europe, the administration directed the establishment of industries important to the maintenance of military and economic control of the new provinces. These included stone quarries, pottery manufactures, and metal industries. Recent research shows that much production was not as centralized as has been believed; diverse industrial sites throughout the provincial landscapes indicate a variety of arrangements for supplying the needs of the empire. In many instances, Roman production systems relied upon indigenous traditions of manufacturing. The provincial economies depended also upon materials collected and processed beyond the imperial frontiers. Analysis of Roman imports in Germany, Scandinavia, and eastern Europe, and of the contexts in which they occur, suggesta that goods produced outside of the empire played a major role in the imperial economy. These commercial links, over which Roman authorities had no effective control, contributed to substantial changes in economics and in social and political configurations in societies beyond the Roman frontier.
Review of Deconversion: Qualitative and Quantitative Results from Cross-Cultural Research in Germany and the USA

In Deconversion Streib and colleagues (2009) set out to examine the overlooked realm of religious deconversion: the active process by which individuals disaffiliate from religion. The Bielefeld-Based Cross-Cultural Study of Deconversion consists of a mixed methods and cross-cultural approach to religious change in the USA and Germany. This work is a thoughtful consolidation of theoretical, empirical, and integrated methodological approaches to gaining a more comprehensive understanding of the trajectories and biographical narratives of deconverts.
Issues involved in methodological analyses of research interviews

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to argue that qualitative researchers have much to learn from conducting methodological analyses of their own talk in relation to research participants in interviews. Yet there are specific difficulties in representing findings from methodological analyses of research interviews. Design/methodology/approach – Although qualitative researchers have for some time followed recommendations to analyze both “how” interview data are generated in addition to “what” is discussed, little has been written about the challenges of representing these sorts of analyses. The paper uses a case to first examine difficulties in the representation of an analysis of interview data that draws on discursive psychology. After discussing the case, the paper further explores the challenges of conducting and presenting these sorts of methodological analyses of interview data to research participants and readers in ways that clearly convey what might be learned by examining how interviews are ac...
Employment for adults with autism spectrum disorders: A retrospective review of a customized employment approach

Over the past few decades, there has been an increase in prevalence of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), and those children are now becoming young adults in need of competitive integrated employment (CIE). Customized employment (CE) is one pathway to employment that has been successful for other individuals with developmental disabilities (DD), though research has been very limited on the effectiveness with individuals with ASD. This paper provides a retrospective review of 64 individuals with ASD who came to our program from 2009 to 2014 for supported employment services as referred by the state vocational rehabilitation services agency. Employment specialists engaged in situational assessment, discovery, job development, customized job descriptions, on-site training and support, positive behavioral supports, and job retention techniques. The employment specialists were responsible for tracking their actual time spent working directly with or for the jobseeker with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). All vocational rehabilitation clients with ASD served during this time successfully secured CIE, and maintained their employment with ongoing supports, with intensity of support time decreasing over time. The majority (63/64, 98.4%) of individuals successfully secured CIE through the use of supported employment, in 72 unique employment positions. Of the majority of the individuals who secured employment, 77% (50) individuals indicated that they had never worked before and additional 18% (12) reported having short intermittent histories of employment. Despite this lack of employment experience, in all cases the jobseeker directed the job search and ultimately the job selection.
Effects of Plant Extracts in the Diet of Male Microtus Montanus on Cell Types of the Anterior Pituitary

This experiment was designed to study the effect of green plant extract on the frequency of cell types in the anterior pituitary of male Microtus montanus . Wheat was sprouted on moist paper towels, extracted and added to the diet of the experimental group. The control group received a similar diet but without the extract. After 10 days the animals were sacrificed and the pituitaries removed. Testes were also removed and weighed. A 41% increase in gonadotroph frequency was observed in the anterior pituitary of the experimental group.
Construction and Think of Yunnan Agricultural Digital Library

This article discusses the role and significance of agricultural digital library construction,analyzes and describes the goals and content of the Yunnan agricultural digital library construction from the reality of the southwest.Based the platform for high-powered network,Yunnan agricultural digital library should be developed from the following aspects:(1) Accelerate the construction of agricultural literature resources and consolidate the basis of agricultural information resources;(2) Accelerate the localization of literature resources and construct agricultural database brand with Yunnan characteristic agriculture;(3) Construct Yunnan agricultural digital library and build a platform for agricultural information resources;(4) Establish agricultural science base(information services site) and enhance extension services of agricultural digital libraries and further deepen the information service of agricultural science and technology.Furthermore,on the basis above,this paper discusses the problem and strategy on the development of agricultural digital library in our country especially in southwest China,and proposes that the service of information integration based on mobile digital library in Yunnan is the direction for future agricultural science and technology information service.
Disparities in Cervical Cancer Characteristics and Survival Between White Hispanics and White Non-Hispanic Women.

Abstract Background: Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer among women resulting in nearly 500,000 cases annually. Screening leads to better treatment and survival time. However, human papillomavirus (HPV) exposure, screening, and treatment vary among races and ethnicities in the United States. The purpose of this study is to examine disparities in characteristics of cervical cancer and survival of cases between White Hispanic (WH) and White non-Hispanic (WNH) women in the United States. Methods: We used a stratified random sampling method to select cervical cancer patient records from nine states; a simple random sampling method to extract the demographic and disease characteristics data within states from the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database. We used statistical probability distribution methods for discrete and continuous data. The chi-square test and independent samples t-test were used to evaluate statistically significant differences. Furthermore, the Cox Proportio...
Apparent complex partial seizures in a bipolar patient after withdrawal of carbamazepine.

A 64-year-old woman with long-standing bipolar illness was treated with carbamazepine and clonazepam with minimal success. Discontinuation of carbamazepine and clonazepam was followed by episodic amnesia, purposeless behavior, deja vu, and confusion. Although her EEG was normal, the episodes were compatible with complex partial seizures and ceased after carbamazepine and clonazepam were reinstituted. This case raises the question of whether discontinuing carbamazepine and clonazepam can induce complex partial seizures in bipolar patients.
SU-F-T-119: Development of Heart Prediction Model to Increase Accuracy of Dose Reconstruction for Radiotherapy Patients

Purpose: To assess individual variation in heart volume and location in order to develop a prediction model of the heart. This heart prediction model will be used to calculate individualized heart doses for radiotherapy patients in epidemiological studies. Methods: Chest CT images for 30 adult male and 30 adult female patients were obtained from NIH Clinical Center. Image-analysis computer programs were used to segment the whole heart and 8 sub-regions and to measure the volume of each sub- region and the dimension of the whole heart. An analytical dosimetry method was used for the 30 adult female patients to estimate mean heart dose during conventional left breast radiotherapy. Results: The average volumes of the whole heart were 803.37 cm3 (COV 18.8%) and 570.19 cm3 (COV 18.8%) for adult male and female patients, respectively, which are comparable with the international reference volumes of 807.69 cm3 for males and 596.15 cm3 for females. Some patient characteristics were strongly correlated (R2>0.5) with heart volume and heart dimensions (e.g., Body Mass Index vs. heart depth in males: R2=0.54; weight vs. heart width in the adult females: R2=0.63). We found that the mean heart dose 3.805 Gy (assuming prescribed dose of 50 Gy) in the breast radiotherapy simulations of the 30 adult females could be an underestimate (up to 1.6-fold) or overestimate (up to 1.8-fold) of the patient-specific heart dose. Conclusion: The study showed the significant variation in patient heart volumes and dimensions, resulting in substantial dose errors when a single average heart model is used for retrospective dose reconstruction. We are completing a multivariate analysis to develop a prediction model of the heart. This model will increase accuracy in dose reconstruction for radiotherapy patients and allow us to individualize heart dose calculations for patients whose CT images are not available.
Intersectionality, Inequality, and Eu Law

Over the last decade, the European Union (EU) has expanded the definition of illegal discrimination to include race, ethnicity, religion, disability, and sexual orientation. Does the added recognition of these discriminations to sex discrimination confront the manifold dimensions of oppression that women experience? The assertion that women are not a monolithic group may now be common, but what (if any) are the material implications of this insight? This chapter seeks to answer these queries by focusing on lesbians and their potential for redress against discrimination.
Systematic review of dementia prevalence and incidence in United States race/ethnic populations

Abstract Objective To identify incidence and prevalence of dementia in racial and ethnic populations in the United States. Methods A systematic review of literature. Results A total of 1215 studies were reviewed; 114 were included. Dementia prevalence rates reported for age 65+ years from a low of 6.3% in Japanese Americans, 12.9% in Caribbean Hispanic Americans, 12.2% in Guamanian Chamorro and ranged widely in African Americans from 7.2% to 20.9%. Dementia annual incidence for African American (mean = 2.6%; SD=1%; range, 1.4%–5.5%) and Caribbean Hispanic populations were significantly higher (mean, 3.6%; SD, 1.2%; range, 2.3%–5.3%) than Mexican American and Japanese Americans and non-Latino white populations (0.8%–2.7%), P Conclusions Data are needed for American Indian, most Asian, and Pacific Islander populations. Disaggregation of large race/ethnic classifications is warranted due to within-population heterogeneity in incidence and prevalence. African American and Caribbean Hispanic studies showed higher incidence of dementia. A nationwide approach is needed to identify communities at high risk and to tailor culturally appropriate services accordingly.
Talkin' about the weather: incorporating TalkBack functionality and sonifications for accessible app design

As ubiquitous as weather is in our daily lives, individuals with vision impairments endure poorly designed user experiences when attempting to check the weather on their mobile devices. This is primarily caused by a mismatch between the visually based information layout on screen and the order in which a screen reader, such as TalkBack or VoiceOver, presents the information to users with visual impairments. Additionally, any image or icon included on the screen presents no information to the user if they are not able to see it. Therefore we created the Accessible Weather App to run on Android and integrate with the TalkBack accessibility feature that is already available on the operating system. We also included a set of auditory weather icons which use sound, rather than visuals, to convey current weather conditions to users in a fast and pleasant way. This paper discusses the process for determining what features the users' would want and require, as well as our methodology for evaluating the beta version of our app.
Case study. A WWW viewpoint on scientific visualization: an EPA case study for technology transfer

The paper examines how to provide scientific visualization capabilities to environmental scientists, policy analysts and decision makers with personal computers (PCs) on their desktops. An approach for using the World Wide Web (WWW) for disseminating knowledge on scientific visualization and for intelligent access to visualization capabilities on high performance (UNIX) workstations is outlined.
Synaptic Contributions to Receptive Field Structure and Response Properties in the Rodent Lateral Geniculate Nucleus of the Thalamus.

Comparative physiological and anatomical studies have greatly advanced our understanding of sensory systems. Many lines of evidence show that the murine lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) has unique attributes, compared with other species such as cat and monkey. For example, in rodent, thalamic receptive field structure is markedly diverse, and many cells are sensitive to stimulus orientation and direction. To explore shared and different strategies of synaptic integration across species, we made whole-cell recordings in vivo from the murine LGN during the presentation of visual stimuli, analyzed the results with different computational approaches, and compared our findings with those from cat. As for carnivores, murine cells with classical center-surround receptive fields had a “push-pull” structure of excitation and inhibition within a given On or Off subregion. These cells compose the largest single population in the murine LGN (∼40%), indicating that push-pull is key in the form vision pathway across species. For two cell types with overlapping On and Off responses, which recalled either W3 or suppressed-by-contrast ganglion cells in murine retina, inhibition took a different form and was most pronounced for spatially extensive stimuli. Other On-Off cells were selective for stimulus orientation and direction. In these cases, retinal inputs were tuned and, for oriented cells, the second-order subunit of the receptive field predicted the preferred angle. By contrast, suppression was not tuned and appeared to sharpen stimulus selectivity. Together, our results provide new perspectives on the role of excitation and inhibition in retinothalamic processing. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT We explored the murine lateral geniculate nucleus from a comparative physiological perspective. In cat, most retinal cells have center-surround receptive fields and push-pull excitation and inhibition, including neurons with the smallest (highest acuity) receptive fields. The same is true for thalamic relay cells. In mouse retina, the most numerous cell type has the smallest receptive fields but lacks push-pull. The most common receptive field in rodent thalamus, however, is center-surround with push-pull. Thus, receptive field structure supersedes size per se for form vision. Further, for many orientation-selective cells, the second-order component of the receptive field aligned with stimulus preference, whereas suppression was untuned. Thus, inhibition may improve spatial resolution and sharpen other forms of selectivity in rodent lateral geniculate nucleus.
High-speed 3D imaging using digital binary defocusing method vs sinusoidal method

This paper presents our research findings on high-speed 3D imaging using digital light processing (DLP) technologies. In particular, we compare two different sinusoidal fringe generation techniques using the DLP projection devices: direct projection of 8-bit computer generated sinusoidal patterns (a.k.a, the sinusoidal method), and the creation of sinusoidal patterns by defocusing binary patterns (a.k.a., the binary defocusing method). This paper mainly examines their performance on high-accuracy measurement applications under precisely controlled settings. Two different projection systems were tested in this study: the commercially available inexpensive projector, and the DLP development kit. Experimental results demonstrated that the binary defocusing method always outperforms the sinusoidal method if a sufficient number of phase-shifted fringe patterns can be used.
Sleep in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

The purposes of this paper are to provide an overview of the state of the science of sleep in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), present hypotheses for the high prevalence of insomnia in children with ASD, and present a practice pathway for promoting optimal sleep. Approximately two thirds of children with ASD have chronic insomnia, and to date, the strongest evidence on promoting sleep is for sleep education, environmental changes, behavioral interventions, and exogenous melatonin. The Sleep Committee of the Autism Treatment Network (ATN) developed a practice pathway, based on expert consensus, to capture best practices for screening, identification, and treatment for sleep problems in ASD in 2012. An exemplar case is presented to integrate key constructs of the practice pathway and address arousal and sensory dysregulation in a child with ASD and anxiety disorder. This paper concludes with next steps for dissemination of the practice pathway and future directions for research of sleep problems in ASD.
Corneoscleral stiffening increases IOP spike magnitudes during rapid microvolumetric change in the eye.

Abstract Factors governing the steady-state IOP have been extensively studied; however, the dynamic aspects of IOP are less understood. Clinical studies have suggested that intraocular pressure (IOP) fluctuation may be associated with glaucoma risk. This study aims to investigate how stiffening of corneoscleral biomechanical properties affects IOP spikes induced by rapid microvolumetric change. Porcine eyes (n = 25 in total) were subjected to volumetric infusions before and after external treatment of a circular area (11 mm diameter) in either the central cornea or posterior sclera. The treated area in the control group was immersed in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) for 40 min, while the treated area of the chemical crosslinking group was immersed in 4% glutaraldehyde/PBS for 40 min. A subset of the sham-treated eyes was also subjected to volumetric infusions at a raised steady-state IOP. The magnitude of IOP spikes increased after localized chemical crosslinking of either the cornea (27.5% increase, p
Thermal balance of cattle grazing winter range: Model application

Beef cattle grazing semiarid foothill rangeland of the Northern Rockies during winter may be exposed to cold temperatures and high winds while grazing pastures with low nutritional value. Cattle can physiologically and behaviorally respond to the changing environment to lower their metabolic requirements and reduce the effects of cold exposure. Requirements of grazing cattle may be overpredicted with models developed in controlled settings that do not account for energy-conserving behaviors. We refined a simple thermal balance equation to model heat exchange of free-ranging cattle. We accounted for the complex interactions between animal behavior and the changing natural environment by applying the insulation characteristics of the cattle's tissue and coat to a simple geometric shape of an asymmetric ellipsoid at different orientations to the sun and wind. We compared the model predictions with heat production measured in 3 studies, and in all cases the model predictions were similar to those reported. Model simulations indicate behaviors, such as lying and orientation to the sun, mitigated the effects of extreme weather. For many combinations of winter weather variables, metabolic requirements increased only slightly due to cold exposure of mature beef cattle in a near-maintenance state. The results indicate that solar radiation contributes strongly to the thermal balance of a cow. Thus, previous models that do not account for the irradiative environment may overestimate metabolic requirements of cattle acclimated to grazing winter range.
Social Media as a Public Values Sphere

This article presents a schematic illustrating the role of social media in adjudicating public values. Such values reflect the expectations, entitlements, and civic relationships among as well as between citizens and public institutions. Such tools have become more influential in shaping civic engagement, civic identity, and political discourse—all of which reflect public values. The schematic illustrates that the advent of a current event with implicit public values will initiate several types of communication among social media users: antagonistic, critical, affirming, action-oriented, and indoctrinating. Subsequently, public values will either change, become further entrenched or new ones will emerge through coalescence, divergence, or emergence.
Balance and Gait Impairment: Sensor-Based Assessment for Patients With Peripheral Neuropathy.

Background Individuals with peripheral neuropathy (PN) frequently experience balance and gait impairments that can lead to poor physical function, falls, and injury. Nurses are aware that patients with cancer experience balance and gait impairments but are unsure of optimal assessment and management strategies. Objectives This article reviews options for balance and gait assessment for patients diagnosed with cancer experiencing PN, describes advantages and limitations of the various options, and highlights innovative, clinically feasible technologies to improve clinical assessment and management. Methods The literature was reviewed to identify and assess the gold standard quantitative measures for assessing balance and gait. Findings Gold standard quantitative measures are burdensome for patients and not often used in clinical practice. Sensor-based technologies improve balance and gait assessment options by calculating precise impairment measures during performance of simple clinical tests at the point of care.
Identification of upstream signals regulating interleukin-6 gene expression during in vitro treatment of human B cells with pokeweed mitogen

The present studies have characterized the regulation of interleukin-6 (IL-6) gene expression during pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-driven human B- cell differentiation. PWM induced an early and transient increase in the expression of immediate-early response genes of the jun/fos leucine zipper family (c-jun, jun B, c-fos, and fos-B). The induction of c-jun mRNA by PWM was concentration dependent. Nuclear run-on assays showed that PWM treatment is associated with an increased rate of c-jun gene transcription. The induction of c-jun mRNA precedes the induction of IL- 6 gene expression and IL-6 secretion by the B cells. c-Jun antisense, but not sense, oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) significantly decreases PWM- related B-cell (1) proliferation; (2) IL-6 mRNA induction; (3) IL-6 secretion; and (4) nuclear extract binding to AP-1 in electrophoretic mobility shift assay. In contrast, c-Fos anti-sense ODN did not effect either IL-6 mRNA induction or IL-6 secretion triggered in B cells by PWM. The results further show activation of c-Raf-1 kinase in PWM- treated B cells. Raf-1 acts upstream to mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase; therefore, studies were performed to assay for MAP kinase activation in these cells. The results show an increase in phosphorylation of myelin basic protein (MBP) and c-Jun “Y” peptide in PWM-treated B cells. Taken together, these findings suggest that PWM is able to initiate an intracytoplasmic signaling cascade in normal human splenic B cells, which, at least in part, involves serine/threonine protein kinases. These results show transient induction of immediate- early response genes in B cells and support a potential role for the c- jun gene product in regulation of IL-6 transcription and secretion.
Correlation of drug sensitivity in vitro with clinical responses in childhood acute myeloid leukemia

Clonogenic cells from 41 children with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) were tested in vitro for their sensitivity to cytarabine (Ara-C) and daunorubicin (DNR). The findings were then compared with the patients' responses to induction chemotherapy that uniformly included Ara-C and DNR. Light-density marrow cells were incubated with either or both drugs for one hour and cultured over leukocyte feeder layers; clusters and colonies were scored on days 7, 10, and 14. Only the percentage of cell kill in the presence of 1.8 mumol/L DNR was significantly associated with responses to induction therapy: median of 45% (range, 0% to 98%) for patients achieving complete remission v 16% (range, 4% to 23%) for nonresponders (P = .007). The relationship between clonogenic cell kill less than or equal to 23% and clinical responses was striking. Of the 11 evaluable patients with in vitro findings in this category, ten either failed induction therapy or relapsed within 1 year after attaining remission. Kaplan-Meier analysis of relapse-free survival times indicated longer durations of remission for patients whose blast cells showed increased sensitivity in vitro to Ara-C alone, DNR alone, or a combination of the two agents. Seven of 11 patients with cell kills of greater than or equal to 49% in the presence of 1.25 mumol/L Ara-C remain free of leukemia, compared with only one of 12 whose cells were less sensitive to the drug (P = .006). We conclude that the in vitro sensitivity of clonogenic leukemic progenitors to DNR and Ara-C correlates with treatment outcome in children with newly diagnosed AML.
Exploring the Spatially Varying Impact of Urbanization on Water Quality in Eastern Massachusetts Using Geographically Weighted Regression

The impact of urbanization on water quality might vary over space because watershed characteristics, pollution sources, and land use patterns are not the same in different places. However, the spatially varying impact is usually not considered using conventional statistical methods, such as ordinary least squares regression (OLS) and Spearman’s rank correlation analysis. This study applies a geospatial statistical technique, geographically weighted regression (GWR), to analyze the relationships between urbanization and water quality indicators across watersheds with varied urbanization levels in eastern Massachusetts, USA. The study finds that the relationships between water quality and urbanization indicators vary across the urbanization gradient in the studied watersheds. Percentage of developed land and population density are more strongly related to concentrations of water pollutants in less-urbanized areas than in highly-urbanized areas. The adverse impact of urbanization on water quality is more substantial in less-urbanized suburban areas than highly-urbanized central cities, which is associated with the dominant pattern of urbanization in the study area: urban sprawl. The study suggests that GWR is a useful geospatial technology for policy makers, regional and local agencies, and researchers to unveil the local pollution causes, to improve the understanding of local pollution status, and to adopt appropriate environmental and land use planning policies suitable to the local watershed conservation and management.
Process Measurement and Control: Industry Needs 6–8 March 1998 Sheraton New Orleans Hotel

Model predictive control (MPC) is currently the most widely implemented advanced process control technology for petroleum refineries and chemical plants. Based on the present state of the art in theory and practice, MPC works well for processes operating over a narrow range of conditions. However, processes frequently have to operate over a wide range of conditions, for reasons such as varying feedstocks, fluctuating markets for products and raw materials, large process disturbances, and equipment wear. Unsatisfactory MPC performance over widely ranging operating conditions may result in process downtime, environmental and safety risks, and waste of resources, with substantial economic losses. Therefore, there is a need for flexible MPC systems that perform well over a wide range of process operating conditions. While the inner complexity of such (next-generation) MPC systems may be high (to realize the sought improvements in control performance), the complexity of the design, operation, and maintenance of such systems by process engineers and operators should be low. The development and implementation of flexible MPC systems will almost certainly be facilitated by the future availability of predictably even more powerful computers and communication hardware.
Pen + Mid-Air Gestures: Eliciting Contextual Gestures

Combining mid-air gestures with pen input for bi-manual input on tablets has been reported as an alternative and attractive input technique in drawing applications. Previous work has also argued that mid-air gestural input can cause discomfort and arm fatigue over time, which can be addressed in a desktop setting by allowing users to gesture in alternative restful arm positions (e.g., elbow rests on desk). However, it is unclear if and how gesture preferences and gesture designs would be different for alternative arm positions. In order to inquire these research question we report on a user and choice based gesture elicitation study in which 10 participants designed gestures for different arm positions. We provide an in-depth qualitative analysis and detailed categorization of gestures, discussing commonalities and differences in the gesture sets based on a "think aloud" protocol, video recordings, and self-reports on user preferences.
Synthesis of All-Inorganic Cd-Doped CsPbCl3 Perovskite Nanocrystals with Dual-Wavelength Emission.

Doped lead halide perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) have garnered significant attention due to their superior optoelectronic properties. Here, we report a synthesis of Cd-doped CsPbCl3 NCs by decoupling Pb- and Cl-precursors in a hot injection method. The resulting Cd-doped perovskite NCs manifest a dual-wavelength emission profile with the first reported example of Cd-dopant emission. By controlling Cd-dopant concentration, the emission profile can be tuned with a dopant emission quantum yield of up to 8%. A new secondary emission (∼610 nm) is induced by an energy transfer process from photoexcited hosts to Cd-dopants and a subsequent electronic transition from the excited state (3Eg) to the ground state (1A1g) of [CdCl6]4– units. This electronic transition matches well with a first-principles density functional theory calculation. Further, the optical behavior of Cd-doped CsPbCl3 NCs can be altered through postsynthetic anion-exchange reactions. Our studies present a new model system for doping chemistry st...
Defining massive transfusion in civilian pediatric trauma

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this study was to identify an optimal definition of massive transfusion (MT) in civilian pediatric trauma. Methods Severely injured children (age ≤ 18 years, injury severity score ≥ 25) in the Trauma Quality Improvement Program research datasets 2014–2015 that received blood products were identified. Children with traumatic brain injury and non-survivable injuries were excluded. Early mortality was defined as death within 24 h and delayed mortality as death after 24 h from hospital admission. Receiver operating curves and sensitivity and specificity analysis identified an MT threshold. Continuous variables are presented as median [IQR]. Results Of the 270 included children, the overall mortality was 27% (N = 74). There were no differences in demographics or mechanism of injury between children that lived or died. Sensitivity and specificity for early mortality was optimized at a 4-h transfusion volume of 37 ml/kg. After controlling for other significant variables, a threshold of 37 ml/kg/4 h predicted the need for a hemorrhage control procedure (OR 8.60; 95% CI 4.25–17.42; p Conclusion An MTP threshold of 37 mL/kg/4 h of transfused blood products predicted the need for hemorrhage control procedures and early mortality. This threshold may provide clinicians with a timely prognostic indicator, improve research methodology, and resource utilization. Type of Study Diagnostic Test. Level of Evidence III.
Abstract 368: Novel Role of Cofilin in Retinal Neovascularization

Pak1 plays an important role in several cellular processes including cell migration, but its role in pathological angiogenesis is not known. Here we have determined its role in pathological retinal...
Persistent Disruption of Brain Connectivity after Sports-Related Concussion in a Female Athlete

Abstract Structural and functional connectivity (FC) after sports-related concussion (SRC) may remain altered in adolescent athletes despite symptom resolution. Little is known, however, about how ...
A History of Medical Care

This chapter describes the history of modern medicine and the growth in popularity of medical science. This requires a description of the experimental scientific foundations of medical science. Next, the successes and shortcomings of the biomedical model, that is, the disease- or pathology model of illness, are explored. This is followed by a description of holistic medicine, specifically the salutogenic model of Aaron Antonovsky. It is maintained that both pathogenic and salutogenic models of health miss the blind-spot described in the introduction.
Hot Temperatures, Aggression, and Death at the Hands of the Police: Evidence from the U.S.

We study the effect of temperature on police-involved civilian deaths in the U.S. from 2000 to 2016. We show that violent crimes and the number of officers assaulted or killed both increase with warmer days (>17C), indicating a greater personal danger on such days. Consistent with higher threat levels, we found suggestive evidence that fatal shootings similarly increased during warmer days. However, accounting for a surge in officer-civilian interaction, we found no additional effect of high temperatures on fatal shootings, indicating a lack of behavioral or physiological response from the officers. Finally, our results for other causes of death show that during "extremely warm" days (>32C), the number of casualties associated with Taser use and physical restraint were significantly higher independently of increased interaction between officers and civilians. The results suggest a need to reevaluate the use of Tasers and techniques of physical restraint to prevent unintended deaths.
The Effects of Maternal and Paternal Helicopter Parenting on the Self-determination and Well-being of Emerging Adults

We examined gender differences in helicopter parenting and emerging adults’ well-being through the basic psychological needs of autonomy, competence, and relatedness. Based on gender congruence theory, we hypothesized that daughters’ well-being would be more adversely impacted by their mothers’ helicopter parenting compared to fathers’, while the opposite pattern would emerge for sons. Participants were 446 college students between 18–25 years old who completed an online survey. The majority of participants were white, female, underclassman from middle to upper-middle class families. Participants reported that their mothers engaged in more helicopter parenting than their fathers. Male and female participants did not differ in the amount of helicopter parenting they experienced, so we tested a model combining these sub-samples. Two minor differences were identified: Daughters reported maternal helicopter parenting was more strongly associated with decreased autonomy and sons reported paternal helicopter parenting was more strongly associated with a decreased relatedness. Thus, a partial equivalence model was tested with only these two paths free to vary between groups. Maternal helicopter parenting was indirectly associated with their children’s reduced well-being on all three measures (i.e., anxiety, depression, and satisfaction with life) through a reduced sense of autonomy and competence. Paternal helicopter parenting was only indirectly associated with their offspring’s well-being through autonomy. Results supported prior research suggesting helicopter parenting adversely affects emerging adults’ well-being through its negative impact on the basic psychological needs of self-determination. There was limited support for gender differences in the impact of helicopter parenting on emerging adults.
Altering integrin engagement regulates membrane localization of Kir2.1 channels.

How ion channels localize and distribute on the cell membrane remains incompletely understood. We show that interventions that vary cell adhesion proteins and cell size also affect membrane current density of inward-rectifier potassium channels (Kir2.1) and profoundly alter action potential shape of excitable cells. Using micropatterning to manipulate the localization and size of focal adhesions (FAs) in single HEK293 cells engineered to stably express Kir2.1 channels or in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes, we establish a robust linear correlation between FA coverage and the amplitude of Kir2.1 current at both the local and whole-cell levels. Confocal microscopy showed that Kir2.1 channels accumulate in membrane proximal to FAs. Selective pharmacological inhibition of key mediators of protein trafficking and spatially dependent alterations in the dynamics of Kir2.1 fluorescent recovery after photobleaching revealed that the Kir2.1 channels are transported to the cell membrane uniformly, but are preferentially internalized by endocytosis distal from FAs. Based on these results, we propose an adhesion-regulated membrane localization of ion channels as a fundamental mechanism to control cellular electrophysiology via mechanochemical signals, independent of the direct ion channel mechanogating.
Inequality and Bias in the Demand for and Supply of News

Objectives We examine how the supply and demand for news stories that reference an individualistic concept change in response to changes in inequality and the prevailing ideology. Methods We use Google Trends data to construct an index of demand for individualistic news and a database of newspaper articles to construct an index of supply. We estimate fixed effects models on state and DMA‐level data from 1993 to 2017. Results Demand for individualistic news is higher in more conservative areas and it is even stronger when inequality rises. Supply of individualistic news is higher when the share of income to the top 1 percent is higher. The supply effect is strongest in more liberal areas. Conclusion These results provide evidence of both confirmation bias influencing demand and media capture influencing supply. Confirmation bias and media capture are distinct phenomenon, but provide reinforcing explanations for why consumption of individualistic news increases with inequality.
Computational Valve Plate Design in Axial Piston Pumps/Motors

Many industries utilize axial piston machines for the compact design, highoperating pressures, variable displacements, and high efficiencies that faroutweigh the machines’ manufacturing costs. For all axial piston machines,the valve plate functions as an essential determinant of performance. Theaim of this research is to develop a design methodology generalizable to alltypes of valve plates while remaining accessible to users without advancedtechnical knowledge. The proposed design methodology is organized to fit theform of the standardized optimization problem statement. This organizationenables the use of any modern optimization algorithm. Specifically, the designmethodology utilizes a previously developed computer model, which is basedon the main physical phenomena influencing the design of flow passagesfrom the pump port to the displacement chambers and vice versa. The chosendesign methodology allows the precise optimization of the valve plate designby simulations rather than expensive trial and error processes. A recent casestudy demonstrated the strong positive correlation between application of themethodology and improved performance of the valve plate design.
A comparison of hedonic and utilitarian digital products based on consumer evaluation and technology frustration

This study explores how hedonic mobile applications (apps) compare to utilitarian apps in consumer evaluation. We posit that achieving a set of passionate consumers is a pre-cursor to product success in markets, whereas technology frustration is a negative hindrance to the product success. Also, we argue that technology frustration may act as a negative complementing factor to consumer passion, and this effect is higher for hedonic products than utilitarian products. We contextualize our study to the android apps, and used a dataset that tracked 19,121 apps in the android market for three months and coded our variables from this dataset. We conducted empirical analysis and found support for our hypotheses. This study contributes to the information systems and marketing literature in providing a new dimension associated with consumer evaluation of digital products, and draws evaluative comparisons between hedonic and utilitarian digital products.
Will FAPI PET/CT Replace FDG PET/CT in the Next Decade? Counterpoint-No, Not So Fast!

This article does not include an abstract. Please see the accompanying Point by Jeremie Calais and Christine E. Mona.
Optimal fiber paths for robotically manufactured composite structural panels

Abstract Robotic Automated Fiber Placement (RAFP) has revolutionized manufacturing of large aerostructures in recent years. From producing lower costing parts to reducing scrap, RAFP has also helped in manufacturing large parts with contours precisely, with repeatable production once the RAFP machine is programmed. RAFP manufacturing allows a designer to utilize curvilinear fiber paths specifically designed to optimize structural performance, for example, maximizing buckling loads, minimizing stress concentrations etc. At the same time, RAFP introduces unintended manufacturing imperfections. These, which can include overlaps and gaps, lead to thickness non-homogeneities in structural panels. In this paper, steered fiber paths for maximizing the buckling loads of RAFP panels while explicitly accounting for manufacturing imperfections is considered. A novel method to model fiber paths is introduced where each course of the lay-up can be explicitly modeled, including manufacturing artifacts of course width, admissible tow curvature, and control on unintended manufacturing deviations that can lead to gaps and overlaps. A machine learning based surrogate modeling technique in conjunction with Genetic Algorithm is used to derive the optimal solutions.