cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The elusive renal cell carcinoma: reversal imaging of arterial phase to improve acuity.

On routine physical examination the patient’s physician noted microscopic hematuria The finding was reconfirmed by 2 Dipsticks over an interval of 4 months. The patient was a known diabetic, controlled by diet. Otherwise the patient was asymptomatic, without significant past medical history at the time of this work-up, the 47 year old Caucasian male appeared to be in good general health. Laboratory data showed Hb of 15.1gm/dL, HCT 45%, RBC 4.8 million/uL, WBC 6200,Neu 62%, BUN 18 mg/dL, Creatinine 1.1 mg/dl, GRF 94 mL/min, A/G ratio 1.4, Glu 128 mg/dl, K 4.2 mmoL/L, Na 145 MMOL/L Cl 108 mmoL/L Urine analysis, spec grav 1018, 3-5 RBC/hpf, no WBC or bacteria on hpf, no casts, urine culture negative x 2. A KUB (Flat plate of abdomen) showed no opaque calculi nor other abnormalities. Cystoscopy and blue light cystoscopy revealed no abnormalities. An enhanced 4 phase MDCT was performed The pre-enhancement phase was entirely unremarkable; no parenchymal lesions were detected. Following administration of 100 ml nonionic contrast medium at a flow rate of 5 mL/sec, the 12 second delayed arterial phase Ct demonstrated a relatively poorly enhancing 1.6 cm mass at the cortico-medullary junction (Figure-1), the lesion is much better shown on reversal image. Both the parenchymal phase CT( 50 second delay) and the excretory phase CT (4 minutes delay Figure-2) demonstrate a non-enhancing 16 mm mass at the cortico-medullary junction (Figure-3). In the light of a clinical history of diabetes and microscopic hematuria, the non-enhancing hypovascular mass seen on parenchymal and excretory phase CTs in the medulla might have been written off as Medullary Necrosis (With characteristic CT findings of a negative pre-enhancement phase CT, but a non-enhancing lesion shown on parenchymal and excretory phase; an early avascular necrosis) (1). However, the reversal image of the arterial phase CT clearly shows an enhancing lesion, though somewhat hypovascular for a RCC. The hypo-density on parenchymal and excretory phase CT reflects the characteristic “wash-out” phenomenon of RCCs in these phases. The tumor having no tubules is less dense then adjacent normal parenchyma The correct diagnosis was made, and a laparoscopic resection carried out. Radiology Page International Braz J Urol
Extreme Events in Stock Market Fundamental Factors

We estimate bivariate jump-diffusion models using daily data for fundamental stock market factors including market return, value, and momentum. We focus on the description of risk represented by the joint dynamics of factor volatilities and extreme events. We find that (i) volatilities of these factors are highly correlated, but differ substantially; (ii) market return dynamics depend on shocks to the momentum volatility after controlling for correlations with the market volatility; (iii) leverage effects in the market and momentum portfolios are driven mostly by the fast-varying component of market volatility; and (iv) the volatility of the value factor plays no separate role in joint models. In regard to extreme events, we find (i) evidence of co-jumps through both the volatility channel and increased probabilities of simultaneous return jumps, and (ii) that the value factor does not jump independently of market return, whereas the momentum factor does. Furthermore, we discuss implications of our empirical findings for factor investing.
Change by Necessity: Ecological Limits to Capitalism, Climate Change, and Obstacles to Transition to an Environmentally Sustainable Economy

The paper presents a world-systemic treadmill of production analysis exploring the major obstacles to transition to a green economy both in the United States and globally. It argues that the treadmill of production and its associated sociological structures such as ideology, politics, culture, and social institutions in general have created major impediments to the development of a green economy. Capitalist elites have attempted to maintain the status quo of an environmentally unsustainable economy in order to avoid risks and maximize profits. The paper also argues that world-systemic inequalities pose major obstacles to transition to green. In their drive to develop and catch up with the core, peripheral and semi-peripheral countries are reproducing the treadmill of production of the developed countries and/or allowing the transfer of environmentally harmful industry from the core. The paper adds that these countries view development as a right and frequently interpret calls for environmental controls coming from core countries as environmental imperialism. The paper also touches on the impact of the environmentalist movement as an anti-systemic movement. It argues that despite some positive changes brought about by environmentalism, systemic forces have had economic and political resources to maintain the status quo. The paper concludes by suggesting that due to the political economy of the treadmill of production and global inequalities, major impediments to transition to a green economy will persist into the future. Additionally, it also suggests that “environmental manifestations” such as hurricanes, droughts, rising sea waters, etc., caused by climate change will likely be the major motor of transition to green in the future. It predicts that the process of change will be reactive and costly.
Shenandoah Valley Nanoscience Outreach Collaboration

James Madison University (JMU) faculty and K-12 teachers founded in 2011 the Shenandoah Valley Nanoscience Outreach Collaboration (SVNOC) effort. The goal of SNVOC is to help K-12 teachers incorporate nanoscience concepts into their classrooms. In this work we present how SVNOC participants use the Nanodays experimental kits to help students understand basic nanotechnology principles such as “How small is small?” Our preliminary results show that for PE the best experiments are the ones that are outside the operating schema of kids so they can stimulate further research. At the HS level, there is a consensus that students need more challenging mathematics that can be extracted from these experimental kits.
Protective Value of Immune Rabbit Serum and Its Globulin Fraction Against Experimental Murine Infection with Hemophilus pertussis

SummaryImmune rabbit serum, injected intraabdominally into mice, protects them against experimental infection produced by the intranasal inoculation of Hemophilus pertussis. By precipitation in 50% saturated sodium-sulfate solution (37°C), a globulin fraction was prepared which had essentially the same protective capacity and agglutinating titer as the original serum, but only one-third of its content of protein.
A Bibliography of the Alfalfa Weevil, Hypera postica (Gyllenhal), and the Egyptian Alfalfa Weevil, H. brunneipennis (Boheman) Supplement III

With the detection of the alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica (Gyllenhal), in Florida (Mead 1970) and Minnesota (Flaskerd 1970) its distribution in this country now includes portions of all the 48 conterminous United States (see distribution map USDA 1972). The associated research effort stimulated by the continuing severe economic losses inflicted by this insect has generated a large number of papers since the author's most recent bibliography (Cothran 1968), suggesting the need for this updated compilation of the literature.
Abstract B028: Transcriptional and epigenetic signatures of ex vivo propagated three distinct TCR Vδ1, TCR Vδ2 and TCR Vδ3 cell subtypes with broad specificity for malignancies

Functionally pleiotropic human γδ T cells are a unique set of immune cells that exhibit qualities of both innate and adaptive immune responses. In contrast to αβ T cells, γδ T cells recognize their ligands independent of MHC and are infrequent (1%–5% of T cells) in peripheral blood. Studies have shown that γδ T cells exhibit endogenous cytotoxicity towards tumor cells by directly recognizing a diverse array of Tumor Associated Antigen (TAA) and have the ability to present TAA to elicit an antitumor response. This broad recognition of antitumor activity is achieved because these cells express a diverse TCR γδ repertoire (combination of Vδ1, Vδ2, or Vδ3 with one of fourteen Vγ chains). Because of their characteristics γδ T cells are attractive targets for clinical manipulation and tumor immunotherapy. To obtain clinically significant numbers of cells for immunotherapy current ex vivo γδ T cells expansion protocol uses Zoledronic acid, an aminobisphosphonate that results only in selective propagation of Vγ9Vδ2. These cells however, showed clinical response against both solid and hematologic tumors. We have previously shown a novel ex vivo expansion protocol using artificial antigen presenting cells (aAPC), IL2 and IL21 assist aAPC in activating and expanding polyclonal γδ T-cells (Vδ1, Vδ2 and Vδ1neg Vδ2neg T cell subtypes) to clinically significant numbers. These expanded cell subsets secrete proinflammatory cytokines, lysed a broad range of malignancies and improved survival in ovarian cancer xenograft model. To better define the role of the subsets and their application in immunotherapy here we present high-resolution transcriptome, microRNA and secreted cytokine-chemokine signatures of ex vivo expanded subsets. Our data provide an atlas of transcriptional, epigenetic and secretome of three defined subsets, and subset-specific signatures. The data presented here will have a broader impact in understanding the immunobiology of γδ T cell subsets and facilitate improving the human application of these cells in cancer immunotherapy. Citation Format: Sourindra Maiti, Drew Deniger, Jianliang Dai, Laurence Cooper. Transcriptional and epigenetic signatures of ex vivo propagated three distinct TCR Vδ1, TCR Vδ2 and TCR Vδ3 cell subtypes with broad specificity for malignancies. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the CRI-CIMT-EATI-AACR Inaugural International Cancer Immunotherapy Conference: Translating Science into Survival; September 16-19, 2015; New York, NY. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2016;4(1 Suppl):Abstract nr B028.
Evaluation of the thyroid nodule.

Background Clinically detectable thyroid nodules occur in up to 4% of the population in the United States. With ultrasound, nodules may be found in up to 50% of those over 50 years of age. Methods The author reviews his own experience as well as that of others to define a sound clinical approach to the differential diagnosis and detection of thyroid cancer. Results Prior neck irradiation is a risk factor for thyroid malignancy. The association of a thyroid nodule with enlarged lymph nodes or fixation of the nodule to strap muscles or the trachea suggests malignancy. A diffusely multinodular gland is usually benign. Conclusions Thyroid function tests rarely help a differential diagnosis. Fine-needle aspiration is the "gold standard" for diagnosis. Tiny "incidentalomas" are often followed with repeat monitoring for change of size or character.
Service Learning in Schools: Training Counselors for Group Work

The purpose of the study was to explore the experiences of counselors-in-training via student reflection journals as part of a service-learning project in a group counseling course. The counselors-in-training facilitated psychoeducational groups at an alternative high school. The Objective, Reflective, Interpretive, Decisional model was utilized to provide structure for adequate student reflections. The results indicate that service learning integrated into a group counseling course can positively impact student learning outcomes as well as self-efficacy in facilitating a group. Implications for future implementation and research are provided.
Water Quality and Plankton Communities in Hybrid Catfish (♀ Channel Catfish, Ictalurus punctatus × ♂ Blue Catfish, Ictalurus furcatus) Ponds After Partial Fish Harvest

Twelve 0.4‐ha ponds were stocked with 10,000 hybrid catfish fingerlings in March 2015. Six ponds were partially harvested in August to remove fish larger than ∼0.57 kg. All remaining fish were removed in October and November. Partial harvest of faster‐growing fish removed ∼26% of the fish initially stocked; feeding rate (and therefore external nutrient loading) was reduced by about the same amount. However, reduced nutrient loading after partial fish harvest had no meaningful effects on water quality, phytoplankton biomass, phytoplankton and zooplankton community structure, or supplemental aeration. Lack of ecosystem change was caused by persistent internal recycling of nutrients added to the system before partial harvest and continued high (albeit reduced) external nutrient loading after partial harvest. Decisions to employ partial fish harvest to manage single‐cropped hybrid catfish ponds should be based on economic considerations and risk reduction rather than the expectation that fish biomass reduction will improve water quality.
Higher order electromagnetic modeling for wireless technology applications

The paper presents the development of novel higher order electromagnetic (EM) modeling techniques for wireless technology applications. The techniques are based on the method of moments (MoM), finite element method (FEM), and physical optics (PO). Modern wireless systems involve electrically large EM structures (antennas, circuits, and components) that are very complex in both geometry and material composition. There is a clear need for advanced analysis and design tools for predicting the performance and optimizing the parameters of such structures prior to costly prototype development. In addition, EM tools are needed for indoor and outdoor propagation modeling, for assessing EM interactions with human bodies, etc. These tools have to be very accurate and reliable. Wireless designers also demand that the simulation techniques be fast and run on relatively small computing platforms, such as standard desktop PCs. Generally, MoM is very efficient at modeling of open-region (e.g., antenna/scattering) problems, while FEM is an excellent choice for modeling of closed-region (e.g., waveguide/cavity) problems. Finally, PO is extremely cost effective for structures that include electrically very large surfaces with slowly varying currents, especially when hybridized with MoM.
Utilization Management: The Role of Reference Laboratories

Laboratory utilization management is a complex business management problem. No single technique or process by itself is sufficient to solve it. Reference laboratories have unique resources that can be useful to healthcare organizations seeking to improve the utilization of laboratory tests. These resources include knowledge, data, and cross-institutional relationships. Knowledge includes deep scientific knowledge of assay performance, physiology, applicable clinical research, and practice guidelines. Data includes comparative ordering and result data across multiple institutions. Relationships across reference laboratory clients transcend organizational boundaries of healthcare delivery organizations and can facilitate broader information and knowledge sharing. When local laboratories, hospitals, and clinics take advantage of these reference laboratory resources, it strengthens their ability to apply local process design and policymaking to improve diagnostic testing practices.
Aβ Variants and Their Impact on Amyloid Formation and Alzheimer’s Disease Progression

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized pathologically by abnormal accumulation of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in vulnerable brain regions [1]. Although the main proteinaceous component of the plaques is the amyloid β peptide (Aβ), the tangles are primarily made up from hyperphosphorylated versions of the microtubuleassociated protein tau [2]. Emerging evidence for the overlap in the pathological and clinical features of patients with brain amyloidosis suggests that the plaques and tangles may be linked mechanistically [3]. Increased levels of Aβ peptides in brain can promote the formation of intracellular tau aggregates, although the mechanism for this process is still unclear. These results indicate that one form of amyloid can directly or indirectly impact the formation of another form of amyloid composed of different protein, likely contributing to the overlap in clinical and pathological features. Aβ is an approximately 4-kDa peptide with a strong potential to aggregate during electrophoresis [4] and when isolated from amyloid deposits or control brain tissue represents a family of numerous peptide species [5].
Role Negotiation as Role Enrichment: A Study of Working College Students

Research in role negotiation emphasizes how organizational members and supervisors negotiate specialized arrangements involving flexibility or variety within a single job. The role enrichment perspective suggests that positive resources generated in one role can benefit performance in complementary roles as well. This study examines the relationships among role negotiation and role enrichment with a sample of employed college undergraduates (N = 146). Survey measures assessed the communication dimensions of role negotiation (i.e., information exchange and mutual concessions), flexibility and task arrangements, and instrumental and affective enrichment of the student role. Task-based arrangements at work fully mediated the effect of information exchange, and partially mediated the effect of mutual concessions, on instrumental enrichment.
Learning to Speak in an Exam-Focused World: A Study of Independent Language Learning in China

While the English language curriculum in China encourages teachers and students to give attention to oral English skills, required high-stakes English examinations in China generally do not test speaking skills, and the washback effect of this is that oral skills are not often practiced in middle school and university English courses in China. Despite this, some Chinese students learn to speak English quite well, leading to the question—how?
George Stigler on Adam Smith: Mixing up Smith with Bentham Leads to Confusion

Utilitarian economists have been mixing up and confusing the work of Adam Smith and Jeremy Bentham for well over two hundred years. Smith was a practitioner of Aristotle’s Virtue Ethics (Prudence, Temperance, Justice, Fortitude) combined with the Christian virtue of Charity (Beneficence or Benevolence). Bentham was an advocate of a hedonistic approach to ethics that he especially designed to serve as the foundation for Classical and Neoclassical economics. He called his approach maximizing your utility. His advocacy of the position that the only goal in life was to always “Maximize your Utility” became known as Benthamite Utilitarianism. Smith completely rejected Bentham’s position. A major confusion among economists is the failure to recognize that the Prudence of The Theory of Moral Sentiments is the Self Interest (self-love) of the Wealth of Nations. Smith would have thought that it was obvious that it would be impossible for an individual to help anyone else in the future until and unless he has first helped himself to become a financial success in the present. Benevolence can only take place if prudence has occurred first. Prudence is thus a necessary, but not a sufficient, condition in order for Benevolence to take place. An individual must first have accumulated the necessary resources to create a surplus before he can give to others. The impediment to a virtuous life is the personal moral corruption that can arise during the period of time that the virtue of prudence is being diligently applied. George Stigler was a follower of Jeremy Bentham just as much as Say, Ricardo, Senior, J. Mills, J.S. Mills. All classical, neoclassical, and new neoclassical economists are followers of Bentham. Stigler’s work on Smith is viewed completely through the glasses of Jeremy Bentham. Since Adam Smith was, in fact, an avowed opponent of utilitarianism and especially of Bentham’s version, Stigler’s commentary on Smith can only end up being highly misleading, confused and confusing. Nowhere in anything written by Stigler on Smith in his lifetime does Stigler realize that Smith has introduced the concept of uncertainty into economic decision making carefully. Stigler is completely oblivious to Smith’s explicit and detailed comparison – contrast in the shoemaker – lawyer-liberal arts employment options problem concerning uncertainty in chapter 10 of Part I of the WN. However, Stigler must avoid Smith’s uncertainty analysis because it directly contradicts his belief that Smith is a utilitarian like Bentham.
Objectively Measured Baseline Physical Activity Patterns in Women in the mPED Trial: Cluster Analysis

Background: Determining patterns of physical activity throughout the day could assist in developing more personalized interventions or physical activity guidelines in general and, in particular, for women who are less likely to be physically active than men. Objective: The aims of this report are to identify clusters of women based on accelerometer-measured baseline raw metabolic equivalent of task (MET) values and a normalized version of the METs ≥3 data, and to compare sociodemographic and cardiometabolic risks among these identified clusters. Methods: A total of 215 women who were enrolled in the Mobile Phone Based Physical Activity Education (mPED) trial and wore an accelerometer for at least 8 hours per day for the 7 days prior to the randomization visit were analyzed. The k-means clustering method and the Lloyd algorithm were used on the data. We used the elbow method to choose the number of clusters, looking at the percentage of variance explained as a function of the number of clusters. Results: The results of the k-means cluster analyses of raw METs revealed three different clusters. The unengaged group (n=102) had the highest depressive symptoms score compared with the afternoon engaged (n=65) and morning engaged (n=48) groups (overall P<.001). Based on a normalized version of the METs ≥3 data, the moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) evening peak group (n=108) had a higher body mass index (P=.03), waist circumference (P=.02), and hip circumference (P=.03) than the MVPA noon peak group (n=61). Conclusions: Categorizing physically inactive individuals into more specific activity patterns could aid in creating timing, frequency, duration, and intensity of physical activity interventions for women. Further research is needed to confirm these cluster groups using a large national dataset. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01280812; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01280812 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6vVyLzwft)
American International Expansion

Kruse examines the acquisition of lands from the late eighteenth century, situating “The Northwest” Territory as the blueprint of acquiring land possessions by annexation. The Northwest Territory became the common property of the United States. Kruse outlines how the early land acquisition experiments in power, control, hegemony, and conquest in the interest to fulfilling the American ideal of democracy and freedom became the blueprint for spreading American ideology and its expansionist propaganda. Kruse argues the military brass pursued Tutuila for its strategic location and sheltered harbor in the Pacific. The chapter details the Tripartite Convention of 1899 and the Treaty of Berlin where European and American countries balkanized the Sāmoan archipelago.
A qualitative analysis of strategies for managing suicide-related events during deployment from the perspective of Army behavioral health providers, chaplains, and leaders

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this qualitative study was to investigate the use of strategies for managing suicide-related events (SREs; i.e., suicide deaths, suicide attempts, and suicidal ideation with a plan and intent to die) during deployment from the perspective of Army decision makers: behavioral health providers (BHPs), chaplains, and leaders. A total of 76 Army personnel participated in individual interviews or focus groups. Participants identified unit watch, weapon removal, medical evacuations, and debriefings as common strategies used to manage SREs in deployed settings. Many of these strategies were highlighted as short-term solutions only. Participants also underscored the importance of unit cohesion and communication among leaders, BHPs, and chaplains to effectively manage SREs. The need for structured guidelines for successfully managing SREs in deployed settings is discussed.
Automating intra-links and node analysis

In this work, we investigate and compare centrality metrics on several datasets. Many real-world complex systems can be addressed using a graph-based analytical approach, where nodes represent the components of the system and edges are the interactions or relationships between them. Different systems such as communication networks and critical infrastructure are known to exhibit common characteristics in their behavior and structure. Infrastructure networks such as power girds, communication networks and natural gas are interdependent. These systems are usually coupled such that failures in one network can propagate and affect the entire system. The purpose of this analysis is to perform a metric analysis on synthetic infrastructure data. Our view of critical infrastructure systems holds that the function of each system, and especially continuity of that function, is of primary importance. In this work, we view an infrastructure as a collection of interconnected components that work together as a system to achieve a domain-specific function. The importance of a single component within an infrastructure system is based on how it contributes, which we assess with centrality metrics.
Back-bias generator for post-fabrication threshold voltage tuning applications in 22nm FD-SOI process

This paper provides design and implementation of silicon-validated Back-Bias Generator (BBGEN) for Forward Back-Bias (FBB) operation of transistor devices in 22FDX Fully Depleted Silicon-On-Insulator (FD-SOI) process. The design has been used to drive multiple Ring Oscillators (RO) and silicon measurement shows signficant enhancement in maximum frequency (fmax) with the application of FBB. BBGEN consists of two independently controlled back-bias sections to provide FBB to both NMOS and PMOS devices. This architecture has also been implemented for device trimming applications to enhance the performance of slow devices towards typical performance by the application of Threshold Voltage (VT) tuning using FBB.
Body Weight, Body Composition, and Aging

One of the fastest growing segments of the population is individuals >65 years of age. This age group, which currently accounts for ∼15% of the population, is expected to grow to between 19 and 25% by 2025. Increased body fat and loss of bone mineral density (BMD) and muscle mass are defining characteristics of the aging process. These changes in body composition occur as a result of normal aging, have a detrimental effect on health status, and have substantial economic consequences on the health care system. Obesity is associated with an increased prevalence of comorbidities, including cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and other metabolic diseases. The decline in skeletal muscle mass is associated with weakness, functional disability, frailty, and morbidity, whereas the decrease in BMD increases the risk of bone fractures and ultimately results in high rates of disability, morbidity, and mortality in the elderly. This article discusses the classification and prevalence of overweight and obesity and the changes that occur during the aging process, with emphasis on body weight, fat mass, and fat-free mass and its constituents of skeletal muscle mass, total body water, and bone. These changes in body composition are also described in context with metabolic disease states.
Exploring Polygenic Overlap Between ADHD and OCD

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are neurodevelopmental disorders that onset during childhood. They are two of the most common psychiatric disorders affecting pediatric populations. ADHD and OCD share a common sub-phenotype, so it was thought that they may also share common risk alleles. Previously, ADHD and OCD had not been compared on a genome-wide association study (GWAS) or meta-analysis platform. Thus, a GWAS and meta-analysis were conducted for ADHD and OCD. The clinical overlap between the two disorders is also discussed in depth. Further research using larger sample sizes are warranted to increase power.
Non-native contrasts in Tongan loans

We present three case studies of marginal contrasts in Tongan loans from English, working with data from three speakers. Although Tongan lacks contrasts in stress or in CC vs. CVC sequences, secondary stress in loans is contrastive, and is sensitive to whether a vowel has a correspondent in the English source word; vowel deletion is also sensitive to whether a vowel is epenthetic as compared to the English source; and final vowel length is sensitive to whether the penultimate vowel is epenthetic, and if not, whether it corresponds to a stressed or unstressed vowel in the English source. We provide an analysis in the multilevel model of Boersma (1998) and Boersma & Hamann (2009), and show that the loan patterns can be captured using only constraints that plausibly are needed for native-word phonology, including constraints that reflect perceptual strategies.
Are Sluggish Cognitive Tempo, ADHD, and Oppositional Defiant Disorder Trait- or State-Like Constructs from Prekindergarten to Fourth Grade?

The objective was to determine the proportion of trait (consistency across occasions) and occasion-specific variance in sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT), attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADH...
Hematological Management of Neurocritical Care Patients

Intracranial hemorrhage is a devastating complication of antithrombotic use, systemic coagulopathies, or bleeding diatheses. Physiological derangements, such as autoimmune dysfunction, acute infection, organ dysfunction, systemic disease, and therapeutic medications, often lead to dysfunctional hemostasis in the intensive care unit (ICU). These derangements pose complex management dilemmas, especially when it results in intracranial hemorrhage, as coagulopathy worsens neurologic prognosis and functional outcome. Increased utilization of antithrombotic medications mandates a thorough understanding of these treatments as well as their reversal agents, as prompt reversal may limit volume of hemorrhage. This chapter will focus on acquired coagulopathies that are associated with increased bleeding risk that result in various forms of intracranial hemorrhage.
A Guide to Treating the Symptoms of Menopause

Menopausal-related symptoms, which include hot flushes, night sweats, vaginal dryness, difficulty sleeping, sexual dysfunction, and depression/anxiety, among others, are experienced by roughly 80% of women and are therefore a common complaint in the primary care setting. Systemic high-dose hormone replacement therapy (HRT) was the mainstay of treatment until a large systematic review determined that the risk of HRT greatly outweighed the benefits to the patient. Since that time, women and their physicians have turned to a variety of therapies; behavioral, alternative, and off-label use of mainstream medications to treat the life-altering symptoms of menopause. Systemic HRT is still the most effective therapy on the market, although it is now prescribed in the lowest effective dose for the shortest possible duration. This article will review available mainstream, alternative and osteopathic treatments for the myriad of symptoms experienced by women during menopause and the menopausal transition.
On the CNF-complexity of bipartite graphs containing no squares

By a probabilistic construction, we find a bipartite graph having average degree d which can be expressed as a conjunctive normal form using C log d clauses. This negatively resolves Research Problem 1.33 of Jukna [S. Jukna, Boolean Function Complexity: Advances and Frontiers, Algorithms Comb., Vol. 27, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2012].
Lesser occipital nerve damage after retrosigmoid craniotomy repaired with processed nerve allograft

Abstract Background and importance The retrosigmoid approach provides a robust corridor to cerebellopontine angle (CPA) pathology, but postoperative headache syndromes can cause significant patient distress. The lesser occipital nerve (LON) is in danger of injury during a retrosigmoid approach, and LON injury may present as occipital neuralgia with hypesthesia, dysesthesia and/or allodynia in the distribution of the LON. There are a number of treatment alternatives for refractory occipital neuralgia, but LON repair with processed nerve allograft has not previously been reported. Clinical presentation A 42-year-old female was referred to peripheral nerve clinic for neuropathic pain, numbness and discomfort in a right LON distribution. Her history was significant for right retrosigmoid craniotomy for fenestration of a symptomatic CPA arachnoid cyst 2.5 years prior. Exam was significant for allodynia and reduced sensation. Exploration of the retrosigmoid incision revealed a damaged, scarred down LON. The nerve was trimmed and a 3 cm cadaveric, processed nerve allograft was interposed between the proximal and distal segments, secured without tension. The patient exhibited improvement in her neuropathic pain at follow-up. Conclusion LON injury during retrosigmoid craniotomy can lead to occipital neuralgia and significant patient distress. Surgeons should be aware of the LON’s course relative to retrosigmoid incisions. Repair of the injured nerve with processed cadaveric nerve allograft deserves continued investigation for treating LON damage.
On the Steady State of Continuous Time Stochastic Opinion Dynamics with Power Law Confidence

This paper introduces a class of non-linear and continuous-time opinion dynamics model with additive noise and state dependent interaction rates between agents. The model features interaction rates which are proportional to a negative power of opinion distances. We establish a non-local partial differential equation for the distribution of opinion distances and use Mellin transforms to provide an explicit formula for the stationary solution of the latter, when it exists. Our approach leads to new qualitative and quantitative results on this type of dynamics. To the best of our knowledge these Mellin transform results are the first quantitative results on the equilibria of opinion dynamics with distance-dependent interaction rates. The closed form expressions for this class of dynamics are obtained for the two agent case. However the results can be used in mean-field models featuring several agents whose interaction rates depend on the empirical average of their opinions. The technique also applies to linear dynamics, namely with a constant interaction rate, on an interaction graph.
Experimental Assessment of Tandem-Hopped Radar and Communications (THoRaCs)

A dual-function radar/communication emission scheme was recently developed in which undistorted information-bearing OFDM subcarriers are embedded into the constant amplitude and spectrally well-contained structure of FM noise radar waveforms via a two-stage optimization process. This power-efficient formulation is amenable to high-power amplification on transmit and subsequent demodulation of the embedded communication symbols through standard OFDM receive processing. Here the individual attributes of the emission are experimentally evaluated through free-space transmission followed by capture of the reflected radar echoes along with separate capture and demodulation by a communication receiver.
The alteration of insulin signal transduction in drowning-induced stress hyperglycemia Infant rats and the therapeutic effect of iusulin

Objective To explore the alteration of insulin signal transduction in drowning-induced stress hyperglycemia and to investigate therapeutic effect of insulin on it.Methods Stress hyperglycemia model was induced by drowning.Thirty-two infant rats were randomized into control,drowning,air resuscitation and air-insulin resuscitation groups.Insulin was injected abdominally into the air-insulin resuscitation rats.Fasting serum glucose and insulin were determined routinely,and protein expressions and serine phosphorylation levels of insulin receptor substrate 1(IRS-1) in muscle tissue were detected by Western blot and immunoprecipitation.The expressions of glucose transporter 4(GLUT4) in the intracellular and plasma membranes of muscle tissue were detected by Western blot.Results In the drowning group,insulin resistance index(HOMA-IR) increased significantly as compared with that of the control group,but the level of IRS-1 had no significantly change as compared with the other three groups.As compared with that of the drowning group(0.71±0.12),IRS-1 serine phosphorylation levels of the two resuscitation groups decreased significantly(0.56±0.13 and 0.46±0.08 respectively).The intracellular GLUT4 expression in the two resuscitation groups(1.82±0.11 and 1.96±0.28 respectively)increased significantly in contrast to that of the drowning group(1.45±0.15),and the air-insulin resuscitation groups showed an especially high increase of intracellular GLUT4 expression.Conclusion During the drowning-induced stress hyperglycemia,the alteration of serine phosphorylation and GLUT4 distribution is one of the important mechanism of insulin resistance.Insulin may decrease the blood glucose through decreasing serine phosphorylation levels of IRS-1 and increasing the intracellular GLUT4 expressions. Key words: Drowning; Stress; Insulin; Signal transduction
General Conclusions and Policy Implications

The anchored inflationary expectations could be the result of a downward bias of the cumulative wage gap. The lack of automatic stabilizers for the negative cumulative wage gap contributes to the formation of defensive expectations. The cumulative wage gap Phillips Curve calls for an optimal policy mix between monetary policy and fiscal policy. This chapter presents various policy choices and outcomes of the policy mix. The final section discusses the coronavirus crisis as an extreme case of defensive expectations. The defensive expectations theory predicts that when the cumulative wage gap turns negative, consumption falls, and savings increase—which has already happened in the US. The aggregate demand will not recover, and therefore inflation will remain subdued, until the cumulative wage gap closes.
Employing Experiential Learning as a Tool to Teach Mindfulness Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (MCBT) to Latino Social Work Graduate Students.

In this qualitative study, 28 Latino social work graduate students were trained on Mindfulness Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (MCBT) through experiential learning. The students explored their self-pe...
The Atomic-Level Physiochemical Determinants of T Cell Receptor Dissociation Kinetics

The rational design of T Cell Receptors (TCRs) for immunotherapy has stagnated due to a limited understanding of the dynamic physiochemical features of the TCR that elicit an immunogenic response. The physiochemical features of the TCR-peptide major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) bond dictate bond lifetime which, in turn, correlates with immunogenicity. Here, we: i) characterize the force-dependent dissociation kinetics of the bond between a TCR and a set of pMHC ligands using Steered Molecular Dynamics (SMD); and ii) implement a machine learning algorithm to identify which physiochemical features of the TCR govern dissociation kinetics. Our results demonstrate that the total number of hydrogen bonds between the CDR2b-MHCα(β), CDR1α-Peptide, and CDR3β-Peptide are critical features that determine bond lifetime. We propose that amino acid substitutions to these hypervariable regions of the TCR can efficiently manipulate immunogenicity and thus be used in the rational design of TCRs for immunotherapy.
Receipt of psychotherapy by adolescents taking antidepressants.

a Data are from the MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters and Medicaid Database, 2004–2006. T recent major randomized clinical trials of adolescent depression treatment, the Treatment for Adolescents with Depression Study (1) and the Treatment of SSRI-Resistant Depression in Adolescents (TORDIA) Randomized Controlled Trial (2), have found enhanced efficacy and safety from combining cognitive-behavioral therapy with antidepressant therapy. This column presents data on the percentage of children with Medicaid or private insurance taking antidepressants with and without psychotherapy. Low rates of psychotherapy receipt may signal opportunities for improving the quality of depression treatment for adolescents. The data are from the 2004–2006 MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters and Medicaid Databases. The commercial database captures claims from four million to 22 million individuals annually. The Medicaid database includes over eight million individuals per year from seven geographically dispersed states. The study included children ages 13 to 17 who filled a new prescription for an antidepressant medication and who were continuously enrolled over the study period. A new prescription was defined as a prescription fill with no antidepressant prescription fills in the prior three months. The percentage of children receiving any psychotherapy in the six months after the index prescription was calculated by using CPT codes for psychotherapy (90804–90824, 90826–90829, 90843– 90849, 90853, 90855, 90857, M0064, H004, and H1011). As shown in Table 1, the data reveal that 28.2% of adolescents with Medicaid coverage and 33.6% of adolescents with private insurance who filled a new antidepressant prescription received psychotherapy within six months of the fill. Even among adolescents who filled three or more antidepressant prescriptions, less than one-third with Medicaid and less than one-half with private insurance received psychotherapy. Receipt of Psychotherapy by Adolescents Taking Antidepressants
Thinking about thinking and feeling about feeling.

Traditional clinical psychology generally posits “mental” events that differ from “behavioral” events. Mental events are not publicly observable, take place in a different dimension from overt behavior, and are the topic of primary concern. For example, mental events are often taken to be causes of troublesome overt behavior. In addition, the mental events themselves may be regarded as troublesome, independent of their relation to any specific overt behavior. Therapy is usually aimed at fixing these troublesome mental events, under an assumption that improvement in the client’s status will follow in due course. Behavior analysis has its own position on the relations among clinical matters, overt behavior, and such private events as thinking and feeling. In a behavior-analytic view, private events are behavioral phenomena rather than mental phenomena. They are not initiating causes of behavior; rather, they are themselves caused by antecedent conditions, but they may contribute to discriminative control over subsequent behavior, both verbal and nonverbal. Verbal processes are viewed as vitally important in understanding troublesome behavior. However, the circumstances that cause both the troublesome private events and the troublesome behavior in the first place still need to be addressed. Finally, clinical behavior analysis will need to market its insights into diagnosis and treatment very adroitly, because it rejects the mentalism upon which most traditional forms of therapy are predicated and the mentalism that most consumers expect to encounter.
Synthesis of Polyadenylate:Polyuridylate Catalyzed by Ribonucleic Acid Polymerase in the Absence of a Template

Abstract In the absence of any added template and after a variable lag period, ribonucleic acid polymerase catalyzes the polymerization of adenosine triphosphate and uridine triphosphate to polyadenylate and polyuridylate. The length of the lag period varies inversely with amount of enzyme and substrate present in the incubation mixture. The reaction requires Mn++; it does not occur if Mg++ is the only metal ion present. Unprimed synthesis of polyadenylate and polyuridylate is inhibited in the presence of polynucleotides, spermidine, guanosine triphosphate, and cytidine triphosphate. The product was characterized by nearest neighbor analysis, ultracentrifugal analysis, and thermal denaturation studies.
Observation of the Lorentz Local Field in a Dense Atomic Vapor Using Transient Spectroscopy

The Lorentz local-field modifies the properties of a dense medium, compared to isolated atoms. It results in the Lorentz-Lorenz shift, and a negative delay signal in transient-four-wave mixing, which we have observed in potassium vapor.
The Knapsack as a Nonlinear Function

The classical knapsack problem (also referred to as subset problem or 0/1 knapsack problem) is the following: given a set of N weights wl, ..., wN and a “test” weight T, determine whether there exists a subset of weights which exactly sums to T. More formally, the 0/1 knapsack defines a function from the set of binary N-tuples into the nonnegative integers: $${F_w}:{\left\{ {0,1} \right\}^N} \to {Z^ + }$$ (7.1a) With $$S = {F_W}\left( {\underline x } \right) = {x_1}{w_1} + \ldots + {x_N}{w_N} = \sum\limits_{j = 1}^N {{x_j}} {w_j}\,.$$ (7.1b) .
"GERMINATION TUBE" GROWTH IN ESCHERICHIA COLI MICROCULTURES.

Hoffman, Heiner (New York University, New York, N.Y.), and Michael E. Frank. "Germination tube" growth in Escherichia coli microcultures. J. Bacteriol. 88:1151-1154. 1964.-Analysis of extensive time-lapse photomicrographic records of Escherichia coli microcultures uncovered two cases in which there occurred aberrant cell growth resembling a germination tube. Although previously observed by a number of investigators in gram-positive bacteria, the present observations appear to constitute the first time-lapse photomicrographic record concerning a gram-negative form. In the first case, with photographs taken at 15-sec intervals, the cell initially exhibited a clublike deformation, and the "germ tube" then issued from the club head. The "tube" had developed into a separate cell by the time the photographic record was concluded. In the second case, with the photographs taken at 1-min intervals over a longer period of time, the "germ tube" cell assumed a plastic dumbbell-like form after separation from its sister. It is suggested that the phenomenon results from a disturbance in cell-wall synthesis, while cytoplasmic growth continues unabated.
Interconnect testing using BIST embedded in IEEE 1149.1 designs

As board and packaging techniques continue to drive to smaller geometries and increased densities, it becomes increasingly difficult to use conventional test techniques to test board interconnect and functionality. Fine-pitch QFPs, TAB packaging and multichip modules limit test accessibility and manufacturing defect detection. Of the typical faults found during manufacturing test of a board (opens, shorts, wrong parts, bad solder joints), over 50% can be traced to interconnect problems. These faults can be diagnosed using boundary scan test structures in much the same manner as probes are used on a traditional tester. This paper describes how a boundary scan design can easily be modified to include advanced test structures to regain controllability and observability of board interconnect. >
A safety app to respond to dating violence for college women and their friends: the MyPlan study randomized controlled trial protocol

Research demonstrates high rates of physical and sexual victimization of women by intimate partners on college campuses (Black et al. 2001). College women in abusive relationships must weigh complex factors (health, academics, economics, and social stigma) during critical decision-making regarding the relationship. Rather than access formal support systems (e.g., campus security, administrators, counselors), research indicates abused college women most often turn to informal networks; specifically friends (Perspect Psychiatr Care 41:162–171, 2005), who often lack the knowledge or resources to provide effective support (Nurs Res 54(4):235–242, 2005). Decision aids have been shown to assist with health-related decisions by improving knowledge, creating realistic expectations, and resolving decisional conflict (Cochrane Database Syst Rev 1:1–332, 2014).