cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Calcitonin selectively stimulates 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-1 alpha-hydroxylase in proximal straight tubule of rat kidney.

We have reported previously that the 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3)-1α-hydroxylase (1α(OH)ase) activity was localized exclusively in the proximal convoluted tubules (PCT) in mature vitamin D-deficient rats and that the enzyme activity was largely abolished by parathyroidectomy in the vitamin D-deficient rats with presumed secondary hyperparathyroidism1. However Akiba et al.2 found enzyme activity in both PCT and the proximal straight tubules (PST) of the fetal rabbit kidney. Parathyroid hormone and calcitonin, when given in vivo, can stimulate the production of 1α, 25(OH)2D3 from 25(OH)D3 in vitamin D-deficient rats3–6, and, moreover, their in vivo effects on the 1α(OH)ase in thyroparathyroidectomized vitamin D-deficient rats are additive6, a finding consistent with different sites of action of these two hormones. In addition, plasma calcitonin levels are elevated in the fetus of several mammalian species7–10, while they are likely to be low in hypocalcaemic vitamin D-deficient rats. From these observations, we hypothesized that calcitonin could be responsible for stimulating enzyme activity in the PST while parathyroid hormone primarily activates 1α(OH)ase in the PCT. To test this hypothesis, we examined the effect of calcitonin on the 1α(OH)ase activity in defined nephron segments of vitamin D-deficient rats. We report here that the hormone selectively stimulates 1α(OH)ase activity in the PST, whereas this enzyme activity is undetectable in control vitamin D-deficient animals.
Deriving a compiler from an operational semantics written in VDL

Abstract This paper addresses the issue of compiler correctness. The approach taken is to systematically construct a correct compiler for a language from a formal semantic definition of the language. For this purpose, an operational semantics of a language is chosen as the basis for the approach. That is, the compiler for a language is derived from an interpreter of the language. The derivation process uses the notion of mixed computation proposed by Ershov. Briefly stated, one begins interpreting and when a primitive state changing instruction is about to be executed, the instruction is emitted as code instead. The correctness of all compilers produced by the method is guaranteed by proving the derivation rules correct. This proof is a one-time task for each specification language. The specification language studied in this paper is the Vienna Definition Language (VDL). The object code generated by the compiler is in an intermediate language close to an assembly language. Therefore, the translation from the intermediate language into the assembly language should be straightforward.
Metabolism of gamma-glutamyl amino acids and peptides in mouse liver and kidney in vivo.

The metabolism in vivo of γ-glutamyl amino acids and peptides was studied in the mouse after administration of loading doses of l-γ-glutamyl-2-aminobutyrate and several other γ-glutamyl compounds, including glutathione. A great and rapid accumulation of glutamate, glutamine, aspartate and pyrrolidone carboxylate was observed in the kidney. Similarly, after administration of a tracer dose of l-γ-[14C]glutamyl-l-2-aminobutyrate a rapid incorporation of label into kidney glutamate, glutamine and aspartate was found. These results suggest that both the hydrolytic and γ-glutamyl transfer reactions catalyzed by γ-glutamyl transpeptidase are active in the renal handling of γ-glutamyl compounds. Indirect evidence was obtained that l-γ-glutamyl-2-aminobutyrate is partially taken up by the kidney cell in an intact form. In contrast to the kidney, administration of several γ-glutamyl derivatives did not cause an increase in liver glutamate, glutamine and pyrrolidone carboxylate. After administration of l-γ-glutamyl-2-aminobutyrate only a slight increase in liver aspartate and pyrrolidone carboxylate was observed. Experiments with l-γ-[14C]glutamyl-l-2-aminobutyrate suggest that this derivative is largely first degraded to its component amino acids (probably in the kidney) before entering into the metabolism of the liver cell. γ-Glutamyl transpeptidase may function in the metabolism and transport of glutathione and other γ-glutamyl compounds in a manner analogous to the function of dipeptidases and disaccharidases in the metabolism and transport of dipeptides and disaccharides respectively.
On the table and the chair

Abstract We find topological models for the tiling dynamical systems corresponding to the chair and table rep-tiles.
Solubility in Binary Solvent Systems I: Specific versus Nonspecific Interactions

Abstract Solubilities are reported for benzil in carbon tetrachlo-ride-alkane (isooctane , n- octane, cyclooctane) systems at 25° and in similar binary mixtures containing cyclohexane plus alkane. The results of these measurements are compared to solution models previously developed for solubility in systems containing specific solute-solvent interactions and to models for purely nonspecific interations. A stoichiometric complexation model based primarily on specific solute-solvent interactions requires several equilibrium constants to mathematically describe the experimental solubilities in binary carbon tetrachloride mixtures. However, there was no direct experimental evidence to suggest complexation between benzil and carbon tetrachloride. In comparison, expressions derived from the Nearly Ideal Binary Solvent (NIBS) model for nonspecific interactions predict experimental solubilities with a maximum deviation of 5% and an overall deviation of 1.0%. The success of the NIBS approach for this system is significant because the mole fraction solubility of benzil changes by a factor of 14 in the carbon te-trachloride-isooctane system.
Moving Away From Error-Related Potentials to Achieve Spelling Correction in P300 Spellers

P300 spellers can provide a means of communication for individuals with severe neuromuscular limitations. However, its use as an effective communication tool is reliant on high P300 classification accuracies $({>}70\hbox{\%})$ to account for error revisions. Error-related potentials (ErrP), which are changes in EEG potentials when a person is aware of or perceives erroneous behavior or feedback, have been proposed as inputs to drive corrective mechanisms that veto erroneous actions by BCI systems. The goal of this study is to demonstrate that training an additional ErrP classifier for a P300 speller is not necessary, as we hypothesize that error information is encoded in the P300 classifier responses used for character selection. We perform offline simulations of P300 spelling to compare ErrP and non-ErrP based corrective algorithms. A simple dictionary correction based on string matching and word frequency significantly improved accuracy (35–185%), in contrast to an ErrP-based method that flagged, deleted and replaced erroneous characters $({-}47-0\hbox{\%})$ . Providing additional information about the likelihood of characters to a dictionary-based correction further improves accuracy. Our Bayesian dictionary-based correction algorithm that utilizes P300 classifier confidences performed comparably (44–416%) to an oracle ErrP dictionary-based method that assumed perfect ErrP classification (43–433%).
Completeness of the Alexandrov topology for space-time

We show that the Alexandrov topology for a subsetX of a space-time with nondegenerate space-time metric is complete iffX is strongly causal. Therefore, the property of the Alexandrov topology being complete and the property of being Hausdorff coincide. There is thus no physically measurable distinction between the Hausdorff nature and the completeness of the Alexandrov topology for space-time.
Early metal di- and tricyanometalates: Useful building blocks for constructing magnetic clusters.

Treatment of mer-VCl3(THF)3 with KTp* [Tp* = hydridotris(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)borate], followed by [NEt4]CN in acetonitrile, affords [NEt4][(Tp*)VIII(CN)3]·H2O (1·H2O); aerobic oxidation affords [NEt4][(Tp*)VIV(O)(CN)2] (2). Subsequent treatment of 2 with MnII(OTf)2 (OTf = trifluoromethanesulfonate) and 2,2‘-bipyridine affords {[(Tp*)V(O)(CN)2]2[MnII(bipy)2]2[OTf]2}·2MeCN (3). Magnetic measurements indicate that 1−3 exhibit S = 1, 1/2, and 4 spin ground states, respectively.
Lift Enhancement by Plasma Actuators at Low Reynolds Numbers

This paper describes an experimental investigation into the use of trailing-edge-mounted plasma actuators for lift enhancement at low Reynolds numbers. The measurements were performed using a 0.2 m chord NACA 0009 airfoil with a plasma actuator mounted at x/c=0.75, and over the Reynolds-number range Re∼70,000–400,000. Force-balance data are presented that show that the effect of the actuator varies significantly with wind speed and angle of attack, and that, at some test conditions, the actuator produces a reduction in the airfoil lift. Detailed surface-pressure and Laser-Doppler-Velocimetry measurements show that the precise actuator effect depends upon how the actuator flowfield interacts with the trailing-edge boundary layer at the particular conditions of the test, and that the observed variation in actuator effect is a consequence of the different trailing-edge boundary-layer flows that can occur at low Reynolds numbers.
.NET gadgeteer: a platform for custom devices

.NET Gadgeteer is a new platform conceived to make it easier to design and build custom electronic devices and systems for a range of ubiquitous and mobile computing scenarios. It consists of three main elements: solder-less modular electronic hardware; object-oriented managed software libraries accessed using a high-level programming language and established development environment; and 3D design and construction tools designed to facilitate a great deal of control over the form factor of the resulting electronic devices. Each of these elements is designed to be accessible to a wide range of people with varying backgrounds and levels of experience and at the same time provide enough flexibility to allow experts to build relatively sophisticated devices and complex systems in less time than they are used to. In this paper we describe the .NET Gadgeteer system in detail for the first time, explaining a number of key design decisions and reporting on its use by new users and experts alike.
Saliva-mediated aggregation of Enterococcus faecalis transformed with a Streptococcus sanguis gene encoding the SSP-5 surface antigen.

The interaction of a high-molecular-weight salivary glycoprotein (agglutinin) with Streptococcus sanguis M5 leads to the formation of bacterial aggregates. We have previously shown that the SSP-5 surface antigen from S. sanguis M5 binds the salivary agglutinin and therefore may be involved in the aggregation process. Here we report the transformation of a nonaggregating Enterococcus faecalis strain with the SSP-5 gene and show that the protein is expressed on the cell surface and confers an aggregation-positive phenotype. E. faecalis S161 protoplasts were transformed with pAM401 EB-5, a shuttle vector containing the S. sanguis SSP-5 gene, resulting in the isolation of E. faecalis S161EB-5. Crude cell extracts from this transformant and from S. sanguis M5 were analyzed by Western blotting. Extracts from S. sanguis M5 possessed peptides of 190 and 205 kilodaltons that reacted strongly with polyclonal antibodies against the recombinant SSP-5 antigen. E. faecalis S161EB-5 contained only the 190-kilodalton immunoreactive protein, suggesting that the antigen may be processed differently in E. faecalis S161EB-5. The parent strain, E. faecalis S161, did not react with this antibody preparation. Immunogold labeling of intact E. faecalis S161EB-5 and S. sanguis M5 with anti-SSP-5 immunoglobulin G showed that both organisms expressed similar levels of the antigen. Both organisms formed visible aggregates upon incubation with salivary agglutinin. These results suggest that the SSP-5 antigen may mediate both the binding of agglutinin to S. sanguis M5 and the subsequent formation of bacterial aggregates. Images
MARGINAL ZONE B CELLS

▪ Abstract Our views regarding the origins and functions of splenic marginal zone B cells have changed considerably over the past few years. Perspectives regarding the development and function of these cells vary considerably between investigators studying human and rodent immunology. Marginal zone B cells are now recognized to constitute a distinct naive B lymphoid lineage. Considerable progress has been made regarding the mechanisms involved in marginal zone B cell development in the mouse. Many of the molecular events that participate in the retention of this lineage of B cells in the marginal zone have been identified. Here, we discuss the functions of these cells in both innate and adaptive immunity. We also attempt to reconcile differing viewpoints regarding the generation and function of marginal zone B cells in rodents and primates.
SEASON AND DISTANCE FROM FOREST – OLD FIELD EDGE AFFECT SEED PREDATION BY WHITE-FOOTED MICE

We studied the spatial pattern of seed predation across a forest-old field edge in both fall and winter to assess the potential for seed predators to influence plant spatial patterns. We used a 100 x 100 m grid that began 30 m inside the forest and extended 60 m into the old field. Inside this grid we placed seed stations at regular 10 m intervals and monitored seed removal. Seed predation varied significantly across the edge gradient in both fall and winter with the highest rate of seed removal at the edge in both trials. The spatial pattern of seed predation also differed between seasons. The field portion of the site (≥ 30 m from the edge) was characterized by high seed removal rates in winter and low removal rates in fall. This spatial and temporal variation may alter tree establishment, causing long-term changes in plant community compo- sition and structure.
Radiotherapy for Isolated Increases in Serum Prostate-Specific Antigen Levels After Radical Prostatectomy

Objective To assess the outcome of radiotherapy in patients with increased serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels 6 months or more after radical prostatectomy. Design In 27 Mayo Clinic patients, we examined the results of radiotherapy relative to various potentially prognostic factors during a median follow-up of 25 months. Material and Methods All 27 patients had no nodal involvement at the time of prostatectomy and no clinical evidence of disease, as determined by history, physical examination, a radionuclide bone scan, computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis, chest roentgenography, complete blood cell counts, and serum chemistry profiles. With use of 10-MV photons and a four-field approach, these patients received irradiation to the prostatic bed (60 to 67 Gy in 1.8- to 2.0-Gy fractions). Results Levels of PSA initially decreased in 24 of the 27 patients (89%). In 16 of the 27 patients (59%), the PSA level decreased to 0.3 ng/mL or less without hormonal intervention. "Freedom from failure" (defined as the actuarial chance of maintaining a PSA level of 0.3 ng/mL or less) was 58% at 2 years and 48% at 3 years. The response to salvage radiotherapy was more favorable in patients with no tumor spread into the seminal vesicles and those with serum PSA levels of less than 1.1 ng/mL at the beginning of radiotherapy than in those with seminal vesicle involvement or higher PSA levels. In addition, patients who received radiation doses of 64 Gy or more had more favorable responses than did those who received lesser doses. Radiotherapy resulted in no severe toxicity. No patient had clinical evidence of disease at the time of this report. Conclusion Isolated increases in serum PSA after prostatectomy indicate the presence of residual or recurrent disease, and radiotherapy effectively decreases the PSA in approximately half the cases. This result is achieved by eradicating residual or recurrent cancer in the postoperative tumor bed.
Likelihood-Based Item-Fit Indices for Dichotomous Item Response Theory Models.

New goodness-of-fit indices are introduced for dichotomous item response theory (IRT) models. These indices are based on the likelihoods of number-correct scores derived from the IRT model, and they provide a direct comparison of the modeled and observed frequencies for correct and incorrect responses for each number-correct score. The behavior of Pearson’s X2 (S-X2) and the likelihood ratio G2 (S-G2) was assessed in a simulation study and compared with two fit indices similar to those currently in use (Q1-X2 and Q1-G2). The simulations included three conditions in which the simulating and fitting models were identical and three conditions involving model misspecification. S-X2 performed well, with Type I error rates close to the expected .05 and .01 levels. Performance of this index improved with increased test length. S-G2 tended to reject the null hypothesis too often, as did Q1-X2 and Q1-G2. The power of S-X2 appeared to be similar for all test lengths, but varied depending on the type of model misspe...
Family Dynamics in Three-Generation Grandfamilies

Grandparent-headed families, called grandfamilies, are increasingly important in assisting adult children and grandchildren. This study (N = 376) provides a qualitative analysis of statements made by grandmothers about relationships between three core family members: (a) grandmother, (b) parent, and (c) grandchild. These family members constitute an intergenerational triad, displaying a variety of relationship patterns based on emotional closeness or distance. The most common configuration in three-generation families was all-three inter-generational members emotionally close or connected, and comments about relationships reflected problem solving, communication, and emotional management. Families in which the parent was close to and linked both adjacent generations were also frequent, and comments showed a clear parenting hierarchy with grandmother as secondary. Few families had weak, disconnected relationships between all three triad members or an emotionally isolated parent: These patterns were related...
Simulations of preindustrial, present-day, and 2100 conditions in the NASA GISS composition and climate model G-PUCCINI

Abstract. A model of atmospheric composition and climate has been developed at the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) that includes composition seamlessly from the surface to the lower mesosphere. The model is able to capture many features of the observed magnitude, distribution, and seasonal cycle of trace species. The simulation is especially realistic in the troposphere. In the stratosphere, high latitude regions show substantial biases during period when transport governs the distribution as meridional mixing is too rapid in this model version. In other regions, including the extrapolar tropopause region that dominates radiative forcing (RF) by ozone, stratospheric gases are generally well-simulated. The model's stratosphere-troposphere exchange (STE) agrees well with values inferred from observations for both the global mean flux and the ratio of Northern (NH) to Southern Hemisphere (SH) downward fluxes. Simulations of preindustrial (PI) to present-day (PD) changes show tropospheric ozone burden increases of 11% while the stratospheric burden decreases by 18%. The resulting tropopause RF values are −0.06 W/m2 from stratospheric ozone and 0.40 W/m2 from tropospheric ozone. Global mean mass-weighted OH decreases by 16% from the PI to the PD. STE of ozone also decreased substantially during this time, by 14%. Comparison of the PD with a simulation using 1979 pre-ozone hole conditions for the stratosphere shows a much larger downward flux of ozone into the troposphere in 1979, resulting in a substantially greater tropospheric ozone burden than that seen in the PD run. This implies that reduced STE due to stratospheric ozone depletion may have offset as much as 2/3 of the tropospheric ozone burden increase from PI to PD. However, the model overestimates the downward flux of ozone at high Southern latitudes, so this estimate is likely an upper limit. In the future, the tropospheric ozone burden increases by 101% in 2100 for the A2 scenario including both emissions and climate changes. The primary reason is enhanced STE, which increases by 124% (168% in the SH extratropics, and 114% in the NH extratropics). Climate plays a minimal role in the SH increases, but contributes 38% in the NH. Chemistry and dry deposition both change so as to reduce tropospheric ozone, partially in compensation for the enhanced STE, but the increased ozone influx dominates the burden changes. The net RF due to projected ozone changes is 0.8 W/m2 for A2. The influence of climate change alone is −0.2 W/m2, making it a substantial contributor to the net RF. The tropospheric oxidation capacity increases seven percent in the full A2 simulation, and 36% due to A2 climate change alone.
Tramadol: An Alternative Analgesic to Traditional Opioids and NSAIDs

Tramadol is a centrally acting analgesic with two distinct, yet complementary, mechanisms of action. The analgesic activity of tramadol is similar to traditional centrally acting (i.e., opioid) analgesics, but it causes minimal tolerance and abuse potential, which are common to this class of analgesics. Although tramadol is new to the United States, it has been marketed in Germany since 1977. Because it has had such widespread use, a wealth of information has been published on this analgesic. These data, combined with research completed in the United Slates, form the basis of this review. This article presents the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy, and safety of tramadol. Additionally, detailed guidelines regarding dosing and administration of tramadol are provided for the practicing clinician.
P vector loop in health and disease as studied by the technique of electrical dissection of the vectorcardiogram (differential vectorcardiography)

Abstract 1. The isolated P vector loops were obtained by the technique of electrical dissection (differential vectorcardiography), in 81 cases: 16 normal cases; 15 cases with practically normal P waves; 23 cases with left atrial hypertrophy; 3 cases with borderline left atrial hypertrophy; 1 case with probable right atrial hypertrophy; 14 cases with right atrial hypertrophy; 5 cases with combined atrial hypertrophy; and 4 cases with ectopic origin of the P wave. 2. Exclusive of P vector loops of ectopic origin, the direction of inscription of the P vector loop, in both healthy and diseased patients was principally counterclockwise in the frontal and horizontal planes, and clockwise in the sagittal plane. 3. The normal P loop was small, closed, or slightly open, and directed almost vertically inferiorly. The P loop of left atrial hypertrophy was larger and more opened, and the maximal vector was directed posteriorly, inferiorly and left-ward. The P loop of right atrial hypertrophy was the largest and most widely opened and its maximum vector was directed anteriorly and inferiorly. 4. The Ta vector was located about 180 degrees from the maximal P vector in hypertrophy. The physiologic significance of the morphology of the P vector loop was discussed. 5. The P vector loop is often helpful clinically in the differentiation between right and left atrial hypertrophy, when standard electrocardiograms are equivocal. 6. he superiority of the isolated P vector loops lies in the ease with which deviations from the normal pattern can be detected.
Comparison of SPECT/CT, SPECT, and Planar Imaging with Single- and Dual-Phase 99mTc-Sestamibi Parathyroid Scintigraphy

Various methodologies for 99mTc-sestamibi parathyroid scintigraphy are in clinical use. There are few direct comparisons between the different methods and even less evidence supporting the superiority of one over another. Some reports suggest that SPECT is superior to planar imaging. The addition of CT to SPECT may further improve parathyroid adenoma localization. The purpose of our investigation was to compare hybrid SPECT/CT, SPECT, and planar imaging and to determine whether dual-phase imaging is advantageous for the 3 methodologies. Methods: Scintigraphy was performed on 110 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism and no prior neck surgery. Of these,98hadsingle adenomasandarethesubjectofthisreview. Planar imaging and SPECT/CT were performed at 15 min and 2 h after injection. Six image sets (early and delayed planar imaging, SPECT, and SPECT/CT) and combinations of the 2 image sets were reviewed for adenoma localization at 13 possible sites. Each review was scored for location and certainty of focus by 2 reviewer groups. Surgical location served as the standard. Sensitivity, specificity, area under the curve, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and k-values were determined for each method. Results: The overall k-coefficient (certainty of adenoma focus) between reading groups was 0.68 (95% confidence interval, 0.66‐0.70). The highest values were for dualphase studies that included SPECT/CT. Dual-phase planar imaging, SPECT, and SPECT/CT were statistically significantly superior to single-phase early or delayed imaging in sensitivity, area under the curve, and positive predictive value. Neither single-phase nor dual-phase SPECT was statistically superior to dual-phase planar imaging. Early-phase SPECT/CT in combination with any delayed imaging method was superior to dualphase planar imaging or SPECT for sensitivity, area under the curve, and positive predictive value. Conclusion: Early SPECT/ CT in combination with any delayed imaging method was statistically significantly superiorto anysingle- or dual-phase planar or SPECT study for parathyroid adenoma localization. Localization with dual-phase acquisition was more accurate than with single
Transforming city government: a case study of Philly311

This paper describes the transformation of a city government led by a 311 program, which provides a consolidated channel for non-emergency services and information. The paper first discusses the concept of "smart city" as a foundation for the examination of the 311 program as a practice of government innovation. The paper then presents the details of the 311 program as instantiated in the City of Philadelphia. In-depth interviews with Philadelphia City government officials and managers responsible for creating and operating the City's 311 system (Philly311) offer insights into the contributions the system is making to a more efficient, effective, transparent, accountable, and collaborative city government. Performance data provided by Philly311 enables more efficient resource allocation and informed decision making. Philly311 is credited with making the process of service delivery more transparent to the public, and providing traceability of requested services which imbues service departments with a sense of accountability. Service level agreements are providing measurable standards of municipal services and are used to support accountability in terms of service status. Regular reviews of service level agreements and content of the system are also recognized as promoting interdepartmental collaboration. 311 systems are broadly recognized as powerful tools to engage residents in improving their neighborhoods. Institutionalizing interdepartmental collaborations emerged from the interviews as a critical capability in advancing from the initiation stage of Philly311-like systems to operations and refinement.
Component‐specific stimulation of cellulase secretion in Thermomonospora curvata by the surfactant Tween 80

The non-ionic surfactant, Tween 80, stimulated the secretion of extracellular proteins by 35–140% in Thermomonospora curvata during growth on a variety of substrates. Cellulase secretion was also stimulated but fractionation of extracellular proteins by ion-exchange high performance liquid chromatography showed that this stimulation was largely confined to a single enzymatic component (or group of closely related components) active against crystalline cellulose. The surfactant's effect was more pronounced during growth on cellobiose octaacetate than on the soluble sugar, cellobiose, or on crystalline cellulose.
Magic‐Angle Turning Spectra of Solids Involving 5π‐Pulse Sequences

The sections in this article are 1 Introduction 2 The Classical Banded-Matrix Secular Treatment of Slow Turning Spectra 3 The 5π-Pulse Experiment7 4 TIGER Processing of Two-Dimensional NMR Spectra 5 The FIREMAT Variant of the 5π-pulse Experiment 6 The 2D-PASS Form of a 5π-Pulse Experiment 7 Comparison of 5π-Pulse Type of Experiments 8 Acknowledgements 9 Biographical Sketch
Traces of Henry Wotton in continental Alba Amicorum

Surviving copies of alba amicorum, or friendship albums, a genre that flourished in Protestant regions of the Continent, contain details concerning the lives of their early modern owners and contributors. While the fashion of owning an album did not generally extend to England, Henry Wotton, an Englishman who spent much of his career on the Continent, was a frequent contributor to others's albums. This article examines ten of Wotton's holographic entries, inscribed between 1590 and 1627, that provide insight into the biography and character of the poet-diplomat who served King James as ambassador to Venice and Provost of Eton.
Postresuscitation Care and Pretransport Stabilization of Newborns Using the Principles of STABLE Transport

The practice of perinatal regionalization is designed to ensure that newborns are born in facilities with a care level designation that is consistent with expected pregnancy outcomes. Regionalization practices have resulted in lower neonatal mortality and morbidity rates. However, despite regionalization efforts, approximately 10 percent of newborns will require some level assistance with breathing, and a few (<1 percent) will require resuscitation in the birthing room. After resuscitation, many of these newborns require acute transport to a different facility. This column provides an overview of principles from the STABLE Program, which guides clinicians in providing postresuscitation care and pretransport stabilization for compromised newborns.
Rexinoid LG100268 affects angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo

A78 Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels from the preexisting network, is now recognized to be a necessary process for tumor growth and dissemination. We have observed that the anti-tumor effect after treatment with chemopreventive agents is often due to their anti-angiogenic activity, a concept that we coined as ‘angioprevention’. We previously observed that various molecules are able to act within the tumor micro-environment inhibiting the recruitment and/or the activation of endothelial cells and phagocytes of the innate immunity. >Here we examined the angiopreventive action of the retinoic acid derivative Rexinoid LG100268. Rexinoids selectively bind the nuclear receptor transcription factors known as retinoid X receptors and modulate the activity of entire regulatory networks. In particular we investigated the activity of Rexinoid LG100268 both in vitro and in vivo. In the in vitro matrigel morphogenesis assay 500nM LG100268 succeed in preventing HUVECs from forming capillary-like structures. However, LG100268 did not affect cell growth or show toxicity or apoptosis induction in HUVECs in vitro. In vivo in the matrigel sponge assay 20nM LG100268 mixed with matrigel turns out to reduce vessel formation. Systemic administration of 1uM LG100268 by i.p. injection also significantly inhibited angiogenesis in vivo. >The data suggest that LG100268 is a promising agent for chemoprevention and therapy of cancer.
TheSU3 algebra of current components and the electric polarizability of the nucleon

We consider theSU3 algebra of vector current components and investigate the dipole moment commutation relation. We obtain in particular theSU6 prediction for the magnetic moments and values for the electric polarizabilities of the nucleon which agree with experiment.
The Psychometric Properties of Classroom Response System Data: A Case Study

Classroom response systems (often referred to as “clickers”) have slowly gained adoption over the recent decade; however, critics frequently doubt their pedagogical value starting with the validity of the gathered responses: There is concern that students simply “click” random answers. This case study looks at different measures of response reliability, starting from a global look at correlations between formative clicker responses and summative examination performance to how clicker questions are used in context. It was found that clicker performance is a moderate indicator of course performance as a whole, and that while the psychometric properties of clicker items are more erratic than those of examination data, they still have acceptable internal consistency and include items with high discrimination. It was also found that clicker responses and item properties do provide highly meaningful feedback within a lecture context, i.e., when their position and function within lecture sessions are taken into consideration. Within this framework, conceptual questions provide measurably more meaningful feedback than items that require calculations.
Love Shouldn't Hurt: What Do African American Maternal Caregivers Tell Their Daughters About Dating Violence?.

The healthy messages parents convey to their adolescents about risk behaviors may be related to better adolescent outcomes. Few studies have examined the types of messages or strategies caregivers use to discuss dating violence with their early adolescents. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 20 African American maternal caregivers of early adolescent girls. Interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed, and coded using an emergent process. Themes in dating violence conversations focused on the meaning of love, identifying red flags in relationships, and what to do when involved in a problem dating situation. Caregivers used teachable moments (e.g., watching a TV show) to start conversations, weaved dating violence topics into conversations about other sensitive topics, or included their young daughter in conversations with older siblings. The results of this study highlight strategies that can be implemented in family-based prevention programming and also the importance of helping caregivers c...
Management of differentiation syndrome in an elderly patient with acute promyelocytic leukemia who subsequently developed refractory anemia with ring sideroblasts

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a type of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) characterized by the t(15;17) translocation affecting the promyelocytic leukemia (PML) and retinoic acid receptor α (RAR...
Evaluation of diagnostic value of mycobacterium tuberculosis multiple antigen protein chip on childhood tuberculosis

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) multiple antigen protein-chip on childhood tuberculosis. Methods Serum samples were collected from 79 cases of childhood tuberculosis patients, 33 cases of non-tuberculosis patients,15 children with latent tuberculosis infection and 30 healthy children. Positive rate of PPD skin test and bacteriological examination in tuberculosis patient group were calculated. Mycobacterium tuberculosis multiple antigen protein-chips were used to detect three antibodies to lipoarabinomannan (LAM), recombinant Mr16 000and Mr 38 000 antigens simultaneously in all groups.The results were adjusted by the Protein Chip Reader equipment.If any of the three antibodies or more than one showed positive, then the result could be determinded as positive. The positive rates of protein-chip method in different groups were calculated and the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value of the protein-chip were also calculated . The relationships among the positive rate of protein-chip and the age of patient, duration of illness, duration of anti-tuberculosis treatment , administration of corticosteroids and type of tuberculosis were analyzed by Logistic regression and χ2 test. Results The positive rate of M.tb multiple antigen protein-chip was 34.2% in childhood tuberculosis, which was lower than that of PPD skin test (84.8%) and higher than that of bacteriological examination(12.7%). In the non-tuberculosis patient group, the positive rate was 6.1%, in the latent tuberculosis infection group it was 0, and 0 in the healthy control group respectively. The false negative rate of the control group was 2.6%. The sensitivity, specificity detected by protein chip were 34.2%,97.4% respectively. Positive predictive value was 93.1%,negative predictive value was 58.5%. The positive rate of protein-chip method was related to duration of illness by Logistic regression, it was 18.9%(6/32)when the illness duration 1 month, 21.6%(8/37)when the illness duration between 1 and 3 month, and 100% (13/13)in those whose illness duration was longer than 3 months. Current statistical data showed there was no significant correlation between testing positive results and factors such as ages, anti-TB treatment duration, corticosteriods administration and type of turberculosis. The differences of the positive rate of chip testing in different TB types might be related to the differences of the illness durations in different TB types.Conclusions The Mycobacterium tuberculosis multiple antigen protein-chip method might be a supplementary way in diagnosing childhood tubercuiosis. But the sensitivity was low, and not suitable for early diagnosis.
Reactions to Frustration Among Normal and Superior Children

“What is the effect of frustration on the developing child?“How much frustration can a child stand?“Are there certain unavoidable reactions to frustration?”
Cryptosporidium : An Emerging Concern for the Food Industry.

Cryptosporidium is a protozoon producing infective oocysts causing human diarrhea that is fatal under certain conditions. The disease, Cryptosporidiosis, has been reported in 18 animal species to date. Each species can transmit the disease to man. No drug or treatment regime has effected a cure of cryptosporidiosis in man or animals. Standard cleaning and sanitizing solutions are not effective against Cryptosporidium , but the oocysts are susceptible to heat and drying. Simple diagnostic tests are available for detection of oocysts in feces; however, they are not devised for food materials. Testing procedures are needed for routine detection of Cryptosporidium in animal food products and potentially contaminated food products. Then an evaluation of the magnitude of the problem in the food industry can be done.
CHAPTER 11 – Elastic Scattering and Diffraction from Particles and Nonplanar Surfaces (Scatterometry)

This chapter describes elastic scattering of light from particles and from surfaces that have random or periodic deviations from a perfectly smooth plane. Since the frequencies of the incident and scattered light are the same in elastic scattering, optical analysis is not concerned with frequency shifts. Instead, the angular pattern of the scattering profile, the absolute intensity of the scattering, and the dependence on the incident and scattered electric field polarizations are analyzed by electromagnetic diffraction theory. Sometimes, losses due to absorption also affect the scattering profile. Elastic scattering is applicable to process studies and to real-time monitoring and control. Elastic light scattering is also widely called laser light scattering (LLS) or scatterometry. Speckle photography and interferometry are other types of diagnostic measurements based on elastic scattering. Elastic scattering from particles in a gas or liquid or on a surface is important in thin film processing, as is that from surfaces that are either rough or have periodically etched or deposited features. While both can be explained by diffraction theory, they involve different approximations and are treated separately in this chapter. Elastic scattering is useful for real-time control because instrumentation costs are low. Scattering profiles, which are often called scattergrams, are compared to theoretical predictions or to scattergrams from reference samples. It is straightforward to collect light that is scattered into the complete range of angles needed for detailed analysis in ex situ studies, but it is more difficult to do so during in situ investigations. In particular, the angular range of collected light can be severely limited by constraints in production reactors. Still, even a limited angle range can be useful for many applications.
Distributed Coordinated Tracking Control for a Class of Uncertain Multiagent Systems

This technical note studies the distributed coordinated tracking control for multiagent systems with model uncertainties. Both unknown model parameters and unknown system dynamics are considered. It is assumed that there exist parametric uncertainties and unknown dynamics with the informed agent as well, and only the state value of the informed agent can be accessed by a limited number of agents. With the utilization of neural network approximation and adaptive estimation, a new distributed adaptive tracking control is proposed to make all agents cooperatively follow the desired trajectory specified by the informed agent. The control design is first presented for the first-order multiagent systems, and then extension is made to the second-order multiagent systems using backstepping. A unique feature of the proposed control is that the unknown bounds of neural network approximation errors are also estimated online. Using Lyapunov stability theorem, it is rigorously proved that asymptotically cooperative tracking can be achieved under the assumption that the sensing/communication topology among agents is connected. Simulation results are included to illustrate the proposed control.
A case for studying country regimes in the public health model of violence.

Many national and international institutions advocate approaching violence as a problem in public health and preventive medicine, in a manner similar to the way we address other disabling and life-threatening pathologies such as cancer, diabetes, and heart disease. Prevention by a health model requires an ecological perspective. Previous work has found evidence that economic factors, including unemployment and relative poverty, as well as political culture and values, may affect violent death rates, including homicide and suicide. Nevertheless, wider political analyses of the effects that different regimes have on these variables have been notably absent, for understandable reasons given the sheer complexity of patterns of governance throughout the world. In view of the importance and scale of the problem, and implications of the United Nations’ 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, we feel it is nevertheless important to bring regime types into the conversation of factors that can influence violent death.
Introducing the "The Importance of Context, Scale, and Interdependencies in Understanding and Applying Ostrom's Design Principles for Successful Governance of the Commons"

Editorial for: The role of context, scale, and interdependencies in successful commons governance
‘Betwixt God and My Soul’: Spiritual Autobiography and the Poetry of George Herbert

Les titres des poemes de Herbert expriment la relation intime entre l'humanite et le Seigneur. Cette relation est si intime qu'elle prend place dans le coeur humain que le Seigneur est invite a investir. Herbert cherche a accentuer la reconnaissance de ce coeur comme lieu d'habitation ideal du Seigneur. Nous sommes ici au centre de l'experience emotionnelle de Herbert qui evolue au cours de ses poemes: de la rebellion a l'obeissance, de la souffrance a la consolation, de la peur de la damnation a la joie du salut. Tous ces poemes associent dans leur imagerie pensee et sentiment
FRI0466 Increased Risk of Cancer in Patients with Psoriasis: A Nationwide Population Study

Background Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease that involves hyperproliferation of keratinocytes in the epidermis. Several studies have reported the relationship between psoriasis and cancer. Population-based estimates for cancer risks in patients with psoriasis is rare Objectives This study estimated the standardised incidence ratio (SIR) of cancer in patients with psoriasis in Taiwan. Methods The primary data source was the National Health Insurance database of Taiwan. We identified patients with psoriasis based on a rheumatologist or dermatologist diagnosis. Incident cases who were free or cancers in 2000 were identified. Incidence of cancer was estimated in both incident psoriasis patients and the general population in 2000. To measure the relative risk of cancer in psoriasis patients, we calculated a SIR for all types of cancers and also each cancer type. SIRs were computed as ratios of observed numbers of cancers to the expected number of cancers on the basis of age-specific incidence rates in 5-year age intervals of the entire NHI covered population in 2000. Results A total of 6,835 incident psoriasis patients (4,472 men, 2,363 women) were identified from 21,226,181 cancer-free beneficiaries of NHI in 2000. Mean age was 46.96 years in men and 41.27 years in women. After a median follow-up of 11 years, cancer was diagnosed in 527 patients with psoriasis and 860,084 in the general population. The most common cancers sites were gastrointestinal tract, oral cavity and pharynx in patients with psoriasis. The overall incidence of cancer was higher in psoriasis patients than the general population (6.92 vs. 3.34 cases per 1,000 patient-years, P Conclusions Compared with the general population, psoriasis patients have an increased risk for cancer. Disclosure of Interest None declared