cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Clustering based evaluation of I/sub DDQ/ measurements: applications in testing and classification of ICs

Effectiveness of the clustering based approach in detecting devices with abnormal I/sub DDQ/ values is evaluated using data from the SEMATECH test methods experiment. The results from clustering are compared to the results obtained on actual silicon during the SEMATECH study. The differences between the results obtained in each case are analyzed. The clustering approach is also compared to two common I/sub DDQ/ test techniques, the single-threshold approach and the delta-I/sub DDQ/ approach, and the results are presented.
Raloxifene produced both harms and benefits in postmenopausal women, with no reduction in cardiovascular disease risk

Source Citation Barrett-Connor E, Mosca L, Collins P, et al. Effects of raloxifene on cardiovascular events and breast cancer in postmenopausal women. N Engl J Med. 2006;355:125-37. 16837676
Neighborhood dependent approach for low power 2D convolution in video processing applications

Window-based operations such as two dimensional (2-D) convolution operations are commonly used in image and video processing applications. In this paper, a new design technique that considers the neighboring pixels within the window to detect and eliminate redundant or unnecessary computations for power reduction is presented. A novel on-chip detection technique is developed for the proposed neighborhood dependent approach (NDA) to reduce computations. In addition, data partitioning methodology is employed in the on chip buffer design support real-time operations. This NDA method is applied to different window buffering schemes and experimental results are presented.
Predictive value of thought disorder in new-onset psychosis.

Abstract Objective This research addresses the relationship of formal thought disorder in the early stages of psychotic illness to the long-term outcome of mental health many years later. The specific topic of concern was to evaluate the prognostic significance of thought disorder on the severity of psychosis over time. Methods Subjects with new-onset psychosis were evaluated on a variety of measures including education, physical health, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale scores. They were also given the Thought, Language, and Communication Scale to evaluate thought disorder. Subjects were interviewed again at 10 and 20 years to evaluate variations in outcome. Appropriate statistical methods were used to evaluate changes in the level of functioning over time. Results Thought disorder was not unique to schizophrenia. Bipolar patients presented with significant positive thought disorder at the onset of psychosis. Overtime positive thought disorder gradually improved in most patients. Negative thought disorder was more persistent, especially in subjects with schizophrenia. Initial psychosis with thought disorder characterized by poverty of content seemed to be associated with poor long-term outcome. Conclusion Formal thought disorder can predict outcome in some cases of psychosis. Not all types of thought disorder have the same prognostic implication. Positive forms of thought disorder (pressured speech, tangentiality) had no significant predictive value. Negative thought disorder (particularly poverty of speech and poverty of content) tend to predict a chronic, more unrelenting course of illness.
Immunohistochemical detection of antiapoptotic protein X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis in mammary carcinoma

An immunohistochemical survey of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) expression in mammary carcinoma was performed. XIAP, the most potent of the inhibitor of apoptosis family of caspase inhibitors, has been linked to tumor aggressiveness and therapeutic resistance in several malignancies and is considered an attractive target for cancer drug discovery. Routinely processed sections from 94 ductal carcinomas, 9 lobular carcinomas, and 10 ductal carcinomas with lobular components or features were subjected to citrate-based antigen retrieval, immunostained with anti-XIAP (BD Biosciences, Franklin Lakes, NJ), Envision+ reagents (Dako, Carpinteria, CA), and diaminobenzidine. Positive staining was found in 22.7% of grade 1, 44% of grade 2, and 89.5% of grade 3 ductal carcinomas. Strong staining occurred in no cases of grade 1, 13% of grade 2, and 55.2% of grade 3 ductal carcinomas. XIAP staining increased overall with grade of ductal carcinoma in situ as well. The staining intensity of invasive carcinoma correlated with that of the corresponding ductal carcinoma in situ in 70% of cases. Ductal carcinomas overall showed more staining than lobular carcinomas. XIAP is most strongly and commonly detected in grade 3 ductal carcinoma. The degree of XIAP expression appears frequently to be determined in the preinvasive intraductal phase of tumorigenesis. These findings suggest a possible role of XIAP in the more aggressive clinical behavior of grade 3, compared with lower-grade ductal carcinomas.
Abdominoperineal resection following anterior resection

A series of 11 patients undergoing abdoninoperineal resection for "suture line recurrence" following anterior resection is presented. Five-year survival is 10%. Technically, the procedure is difficult and major problems are encountered, including large blood loss and ureteral complications. These patients had an inadequate distal margin of resection at the time of anterior resection. The survival of this group of patients underscores the importance of making the correct judgment about anterior or abdominoperineal resection at the time of the initial presentation of the patient. The phrase "suture line recurrence" is a misnomer; all of these patients had advanced pelvic malignancy. If the adequacy of the distal margin is questionable or a distal margin of 5 cm cannot be obtained safely at the time of anterior resection, abdominoperineal resection should be performed, as the opportunity for cure of a recurrence should this rule be compromised is limited.
The Marketing Machinery of the United States

I. General Marketing Channels, 659. — Graphic Summary, 663. — II. Wholesale Marketing, 664. — Relative Importance of Different Types, 665. — Expenses, Credit, Wages, 668. — Organization, 570. — Size, 670. — Chains, 671. — Geographic Distribution, 671. — III. Retail Marketing, 672. — Expenses, Stocks on Hand, Credit, 672. — Organization, 674. — Size, 675. — Chains, 676. — Geographic Distribution, 677. — Conclusion, 677.
Energy based time equivalent approach for evaluating fire resistance of reinforced concrete beams

Abstract The current prescriptive approaches for evaluating fire resistance of reinforced concrete beams under standard fire exposure have a number of drawbacks and do not provide realistic performance assessment. As an alternative, time equivalent concept can relate the severity of design fire exposure to that of standard fire exposure. However, the current empirical formulae for evaluating such time equivalency are mainly derived for protected steel members and may not be applicable for reinforced concrete members. This paper presents an energy-based time equivalency method for evaluating the fire resistance of reinforced concrete beams under design fire scenarios. The proposed method is based on the principle of equivalent energy, and estimates fire resistance based on the equivalency between standard and design fire exposures. The validity of the method is established by comparing the predictions from the proposed approach with those from existing methods (equivalent area method and empirical formulae) and with nonlinear finite element analysis. The applicability of the proposed approach to design situations is illustrated through a numerical example. It is shown that the proposed energy based method is capable of predicting equivalent fire resistance under design fire scenarios with an accuracy that is sufficient for practical purposes.
A note on the mean-square behavior of a first-order random sampling system

This correspondence presents results concerning the mean-square behavior at sampling times of a first-order sampled data system with feedback, where the sampling times constitute a stationary point process with independent and identically distributed sampling intervals.
Computing quality scores and uncertainty for approximate pattern matching in geospatial semantic graphs

Geospatial semantic graphs provide a robust foundation for representing and analyzing remote sensor data. In particular, they support a variety of pattern search operations that capture the spatial and temporal relationships among the objects and events in the data. However, in the presence of large data corpora, even a carefully constructed search query may return a large number of unintended matches. This work considers the problem of calculating a quality score for each match to the query, given that the underlying data are uncertain. As a result, we present a preliminary evaluation of three methods for determining both match quality scores and associated uncertainty bounds, illustrated in the context of an example based on overhead imagery data.
Fusing face recognition from multiple cameras

Face recognition from video has recently received much interest. However, several challenges for such a system exist, such as resolution, occlusion (from objects or self-occlusion), motion blur, and illumination. The aim of this paper is to overcome the problem of self-occlusion by observing a person from multiple cameras with uniquely different views of the person's face and fusing the recognition results in a meaningful way. Each camera may only capture a part of the face, such as the right or left half of the face. We propose a methodology to use cylinder head models (CHMs) to track the face of a subject in multiple cameras. The problem of face recognition from video is then transformed to a still face recognition problem which has been well studied. The recognition results are fused based on the extracted pose of the face. For instance, the recognition result from a frontal face should be weighted higher than the recognition result from a face with a yaw of 30°. Eigenfaces is used for still face recognition along with the average-half-face to reduce the effect of transformation errors. Results of tracking are further aggregated to produce 100% accuracy using video taken from two cameras in our lab.
Research on the Improvement of the RTLAB Simulation Efficiency in DG

RTLAB is a new simulation tool in the research fields of distributed power and micro-grid simu- lation. The simulation speed is essential to the research efficiency. In order to improve the simulation speed of the RTLAB, research on the simulation data uploading process has been studied in this paper. Using the FTP data uploading functions to achieve the lower computer data was succeeded. By comparing the experimental results, it shows that the speed is significantly upgraded by using FTP data transmission method to upload the data.
Hydrology of Spillway Design: Small Structures - Limited Data

A method used by the Soil Conservation Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, for determining the minimum capacity requirement for emergency spillways on small structures (providing less than 25,000 acre-ft of storage at the crest of the emergency spillway) is described. It is adapted to situations in which limited hydrologic data are available. Flood runoff is estimated from the effects of the physical aspects of the watershed on storm rainfall. Storm rainfall depths are described for the contiguous United States. The application of families of dimensionless hydrographs, predeveloped from dimensionless unit hydrographs, is explained briefly.
Coupled-State Calculations of H + -H Scattering

The proton-hydrogen scattering problem has been treated numerically under the following approximations: (1) The protons describe straight-line classical trajectories; (2) the (spinless) electronic wave function is expanded in terms of a finite subset of traveling hydrogenic functions centered about either proton. The resulting set of coupled differential equations is solved without further approximation, except for numerical techniques. Most of the results reported include $1S$, $2S$, $2{P}_{0}$, and $2{P}_{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1}$ states. A limited number of calculations include the $3S$, $3{P}_{0}$, and $3{P}_{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1}$ states. The $2P$ direct excitation and transfer excitation cross sections follow the trend of the experimental data of Stebbings et al., but are low by a factor of roughly 2. The calculations also agree qualitatively with the experiments of Everhart et al. on 3\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} total transfer probability, but are somewhat out of phase in respect to the oscillation of this quantity with energy. Large polarizations of the final $2P$ states are predicted. Limitations of the model are discussed; possible modifications and improvements are suggested.
Distributed Air/Ground Traffic Management Simulation: Results, Progress and Plans

A mixed-fidelity simulation environment for humanin-the-loop study of Distributed Air / Ground – Traffic Management (DAG-TM) concepts has been developed at NASA’s Ames Research Center. The simulation environment facilitates large-scale experiments supporting high numbers of pilot, air traffic controller, and air traffic manager participants. Decision Support Tools (DST) for flight crews and air traffic service providers are accessible at the respective operator stations. Many operator positions can be augmented or autonomously run with agent support. We present samplings of results from studies conducted using this environment, and outline our goals in terms of improving and refining the simulation. We review the overall simulation architecture, and the key upgrades, including:
Where Are We Five Decades Later? A Scholarly Journey into the Nature of Prejudice

On the Nature of Prejudice: Fifty Years After Allport. JOHN F. DOVIDIO, PETER GLICK, & LAURIE A. RUDMAN (EDS.). Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2005. 488 pp., $74.95 (hardcover), ISBN: 1–40512750–3; $46.95 (paperback), ISBN: 1–40512751–1.
Comparison of effects between enoxaparin and nadroparin in patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome

Objectives To compare the effects of enoxaparin and nadroparin on clinical results and markers of inflammation such as von Willebrand factor (vWF) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS). Methods In this prospective, open study,70 patients with NSTE-ACS from Cardiac Department of Beijing Friendship Hospital were randomly divided into enoxaparin group or nadroparin group. The patients received weight-adjusted enoxaparin and weight-adjusted nadroparin subcutaneously at 12-hour interval for 60-144 hours. Blood sample were taken at the time of randomization and after 4, 12, 66 hours of treatment respectively to measure the level of vWF and hs-CRP. The efficacy end point was a composite of death, myocardial infarction and recurrent ischemia at 30 days. Results ① There were 10 adverse events in the nadroparin group and 12 in the enoxaparin group (P 0.05); ② No major hemorrhage was noted, 4 minor hemorrhages were observed in the nadroparin and 2 in the enoxaparin; ③ Levels of vWF and hs-CRP were similar in the 2 treatment groups at each time point. Conclusions Both low-molecular-weight heparins have shown equivalent efficacy on clinical outcomes and on any such markers of inflammation.
Simulation Study on Two-dimensional Temperature Field of Circular Boundary by Acoustic Measurement

Two-dimensional temperature fields of circular boundary by acoustic measurement is studied,puts forward a new method to separate two-dimensional temperature field,and the idea of reconstructing two-dimensional temperature field of circular boundary by using acoustic method is expound. A programme is designed to reconstruct the temperature field by using the least square method in C++language,the simulation for two-dimensional temperature field in single peak and twin peak is done,and the simulation result is analyzed.
Discussion on Accuracy Class Issue for Digital Interface Electricity Meter

Considering the debates in the accuracy class issue of digital interface electricity meter(DIEM),the contro-versial error sources of DIEM are analyzed in this paper based on its electric energy measurement principle.It is pointed out that waveform error;synchronization error and quantization error are not the components of the measurement error of DIEM.The analysis and experiment results show that the electric energy measurement error of DIEM is almostzero ignoring the networks error,and it's not suitable to calibrate DIME by accuracy class 0.2S,when it is used asclass(?) gateway meter.
Role of White Adipose Tissue in Protecting CYP1B1 Knock-out Mice from Obesity

Objective: To investigate the role of white adipose tissue(WAT) in protecting CYP1B1 knock-out mice from obesity.Methods: Sixteen male CYP1B1 knock-out adult mice and sixteen wild type mice(C57) were both randomly divided into low-fat-diet(LFD) and high-fat-diet(HFD) groups.The mice were scarified at the age of 12 weeks by decapitation;epididymal fat pad was collected for gene and protein expression.Results: High fat diet substaintially increased body weight gains and epididymal fat pad weight in WT mice other than KO group.IL-6,Angio2,GLUT4 expression in fat pad were upregulated by HFD and suppressed by CYP1B1 deletion,however,CYP1B1 raise Angio1 level in both LFD and HFD group.Conclusion: CYP1B1 deficiency regulates the expressions of critical factors in adipocyte metabolism,inflammation,angiogenesis and insulin signaling pathway,which may constitute a principle pathway that ameliorated obesity and the consequential insulin resistance.
On The Meaning And Measurement Of Maximization

Building on Herbert Simonâ€™s critique of rational choice theory, Schwartz et al. (2002) proposed that when making choices, some individuals â€” maximizers â€” search extensively through many alternatives with the goal of making the best choice, whereas others â€” satisficers â€” search only until they identify an option that meets their standards, which they then choose. They developed the Maximization Scale (MS) to measure individual differences in maximization, and a substantial amount of research has now examined maximization using the MS, painting a picture of maximizers that is generally negative. Recently, however, several researchers have criticized the MS, and almost a dozen new measures of maximization have now been published, resulting in a befuddling and contradictory literature. We seek to clarify the confusing literature on the measurement of maximization to help make sense of the existing findings and to facilitate future research. We begin by briefly summarizing the understanding of maximizers that has emerged through research using Schwartz et al.â€™s MS. We then review the literature on the measurement of maximization, attempting to identify the similarities and differences among the 11 published measures of maximization. Next, we propose a two-component model of maximization, outlining our view of how maximization should be conceptualized and measured. Our model posits that maximization is best understood as the pursuit of the maximization goal of choosing the best option through the maximization strategy of alternative search; other constructs such as decision difficulty and regret are best considered outcomes or causes â€” rather than components â€” of maximization. We discuss the implications of our review and model for research on maximization, highlighting what we see as pressing unanswered questions and important directions for future investigations.
Gender dimorphism in size, shape and body composition of child-onset obese and nonobese adolescents.

Abstract Gender dimorphism (percent GD) for stature (S), body size, body mass (BM) distribution and body composition for obese and nonobese male and female adolescents (mean age 12.7 years, range 10.5-14.5) was compared for 22 girths, 13 bony widths, five skin + fat folds (SF), fat mass (FM), fat free mass (FFM), body density (Db), and calculated variables (BMI, BSA, unit-size mass, waist:hip ratio (WHR), and FFM/S). BM distribution was computed with the ponderal mass equivalent somatogram. There was significant (P less than or equal to 0.05) percent GD for FM, FFM, Db, for the nonobese, but not obese. Only the neck, forearm and wrist girths revealed small but significant (P less than or equal to 0.05) percent GD for the obese. There was no girth percent GD for the nonobese. The elbow, wrist and ankle diameters revealed significant (P less than or equal to 0.05) percent GD for the obese; there was no significant percent GD for the nonobese for the same bony widths. Only the subscapula and iliac SF revealed significant (P less than or equal to 0.05) percent GD for the obese. For nonobese, percent GD was significant (P less than or equal to 0.05) for the triceps, subscapula and thigh SF, Comparisons between obese and nonobese indicated significant (P less than or equal to 0.05) differences between obese and nonobese males and females for FM, FFM, all girths and SF, but not S. Surprisingly, the obese and nonobese had nearly identical trunk diameters; the sum of biacromion, chest, biilac, and bitrochanter diameters were different by only 4.6 percent (n.s.) for the obese and nonobese males, and 1.3 percent (n.s.) for the obese and nonobese females. Thus, a large central frame-size cannot be used to justify the acquisition or maintenance of a larger than average BM for the obese. The ponderal equivalent analyses revealed that the obese's abdomen was the size of a person projected to have a BM in excess of 100 kg. The use of surface anthropometry in the study of adolescent obesity was supported.
Acquiring discipline-specific literacy in a second language: A case study of an ESL nursing student

This paper discusses the results of a case study investigating the acquisition of discipline-specific literacy in nursing, particular, how a student learned to successfully complete Clinical Thinking Worksheets (CTWs), a type of nursing care plan that is reportedly the most challenging written assignment that students encounter in baccalaureate-degree nursing programs. Written feedback provided by the instructor on six CTWs was coded, tabulated, and compared with scores given for each section. In addition, the student’s responses for each section of the CTW were compared and contrasted from the beginning to the end of the semester. Implications for nursing and English for Specific Purposes (ESP) education are presented and discussed.
Writing Center Webspaces as Ecosystem

Through a corpus linguistics-based approach to critical discourse analysis (CDA), Monty expands the potentials for quantitative research in writing center studies (WCS). Focusing on the ways local writing centers rhetorically and discursively construct identification through webspace, a cross-institutional contact zone is revealed as a complicated yet fundamental part of the WCS ecosystem. At its center, this chapter introduces a new discursive artifact, the “Corpus of Postsecondary US Writing Centers Webspaces 2015,” which combines discursive data from over 1200 local writing center webspaces in order to analyze connections that local writing centers make with institutional programs, disciplinary discourses, and other writing centers. “Writing Center Webspaces as Ecosystem” closes with a discussion of built theory for redefining the discipline as a network of independent but interrelated organisms.
Influence of enforced liquid motion on breakdown properties

It has been established by a number of investigators [1]–[4] that the statistics of breakdown of liquid dielectrics change with forced liquid motion. More specifically, the distribution of liquid breakdown voltage shifts with increasing velocity from the extreme value distribution that characterizes stationary fluids to a Gaussian distribution [2],[3]. This is quite significant from the practical point of view, since the long tail of the distribution at lower voltages is eliminated.
CRT-800.28 The CIN-IT Study: - Contrast Induced Nephropathy In Patients Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement

Patients with chronic kidney disease have worse outcomes following TAVR (Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement). They are older, have more comorbidities and are exposed to significant volumes of contrast and risk for peri-procedural thromboembolic events. Identifying patients we can provide the
Power Bipolar Transistors

A power bipolar transistor is a three terminal device as shown in Fig. 5.1. The main current conduction through the emitter and the collector terminals is controlled through the base terminal. The bipolar transistor can be an n-p-n or p-n-p with a very highly doped emitter region, a thin middle base region and a step lightly doped - heavily doped collector region. In the ‘normal’ mode of operation, the emitter-base junction is forward biased and the collector-base junction is reverse biased. In this mode, a reasonable current gain (which is defined as the ratio of the emitter current to the base current) is realized. Generally, a sufficient base current is fed into the device so that the device operates in the saturation mode with both the emitter-base and the base-collector junctions forward biased. This leads to a very low collector-emitter voltage drop. The thickness and doping of base and collector regions determine the Collector-base breakdown voltage of the device and the collector-emitter breakdown voltage is determined by the collector-base breakdown and the current gain of the transistor. While the power bipolar transistors provide a very low voltge drop to the main current flow, the gate current drive is continuously required for normal operation of the device. Power Bipolar transistors are used for motor control and electronic ballasts. The cryogenic operation of power bipolar transistors have been explained in Singh and Baliga, 1996b.
Extracellular Vesicles as Biomarkers and Therapeutics in Dermatology: A Focus on Exosomes

Extracellular vesicles (exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies) are ubiquitous in human tissues, circulation, and body fluids. Of these vesicles, exosomes are of growing interest among investigators across multiple fields, including dermatology. The characteristics of exosomes, their associated cargo (nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids), and downstream functions are vastly different, depending on the cell origin. Here, we review concepts in extracellular vesicle biology, with a focus on exosomes, highlighting recent studies in the field of dermatology. Furthermore, we highlight emerging technical issues associated with isolating and measuring exosomes. Extracellular vesicles, including exosomes, have immediate potential for serving as biomarkers and therapeutics in dermatology over the next decade.
Excitation-Propagation in One Dimensional Fibers

The study of pulse propagation in one-dimensional (1D) fiber is of prime interest for the propagation through nerve fibers. For cardiac tissue, which is predominately 2D and 3D, this study presents chiefly methodological value. The exception is a type of the atrium flutter and observed circulation of excitation in atrium around vena cava.
Discipline Preferences and Styles Among Latino Families Implications for Special Educators

To support educators' knowledge and understanding of child-rearing traditions and beliefs that potentially influence the manner in which Latino parents discipline their children, the author reviewed the professional literature on demographic variables, socioeconomic status, family structure, social supports, and acculturation. Her investigation illustrates the complex interplay between culture and education. This information can lead to valuable insights for special educators as they strive for effective partnerships with Latino parents and their young children with disabilities.
Assessment of Follow-up Care After Emergency Department Presentation for Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and Concussion: Results From the TRACK-TBI Study.

Importance Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) affects millions of Americans each year. Lack of consistent clinical practice raises concern that many patients with mTBI may not receive adequate follow-up care. Objective To characterize the provision of follow-up care to patients with mTBI during the first 3 months after injury. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study used data on patients with mTBI enrolled in the Transforming Research and Clinical Knowledge in Traumatic Brain Injury (TRACK-TBI) study between February 26, 2014, and August 25, 2016. We examined site-specific variations in follow-up care, the types of clinicians seen by patients receiving follow-up care, and patient and injury characteristics associated with a higher likelihood of receiving follow-up care. The TRACK-TBI study is a prospective, multicenter, longitudinal observational study of patients with TBI presenting to the emergency department of 1 of 11 level I US trauma centers. Study data included patients with head trauma who underwent a computed tomography (CT) scan within 24 hours of injury, had a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 13 to 15, were aged 17 years or older, and completed follow-up care surveys at 2 weeks and 3 months after injury (N = 831). Main Outcomes and Measures Follow-up care was defined as hospitals providing TBI educational material at discharge, hospitals calling patients to follow up, and patients seeing a physician or other medical practitioner within 3 months after the injury. Unfavorable outcomes were assessed with the Rivermead Post Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire. Results Of 831 patients (289 [35%] female; 483 [58%] non-Hispanic white; mean [SD] age, 40.3 [16.9] years), less than half self-reported receiving TBI educational material at discharge (353 patients [42%]) or seeing a physician or other health care practitioner within 3 months after injury (367 patients [44%]). Follow-up care varied by study site; adjusting for patient characteristics, the provision of educational material varied from 19% to 72% across sites. Of 236 patients with a positive finding on a CT scan, 92 (39%) had not seen a medical practitioner 3 months after the injury. Adjusting for injury severity and demographics, patient admission to the hospital ward or intensive care unit, patient income, and insurance status were not associated with the probability of seeing a medical practitioner. Among the patients with 3 or more moderate to severe postconcussive symptoms, only 145 of 279 (52%) reported having seen a medical practitioner by 3 months. Conclusions and Relevance There are gaps in follow-up care for patients with mTBI after hospital discharge, even those with a positive finding on CT or who continue to experience postconcussive symptoms.
Model Misspecification Effects Within A Family of Alternative Discrete Reliability-Growth Models

We describe a family of related discrete reliability-growth methodologies potentially applicable to one-shot systems undergoing a test-analyze-and-fix development process. The common feature shared by the models is their connection to Duane's renowned learning-curve property. The major difference, however, lies in their applicability in the context of two intrinsically different sampling schemes. For each model, a summary of the statistical properties of various estimators of the parameters as well as the reliability of the system, are reported. For purposes of assessing model misspecification, a particular test execution scenario conforming to a inverse sampling scheme is adopted. In reliability applications, it is not an uncommon practice to borrow inference results from models which are inappropriate in this setting. A detailed study of the potential impact of such misspecification on the estimation of system reliability is presented.
Distributed Sensing Subject to Temporal Logic Constraints

This paper considers the combination of temporal logic (TL) specifications and local objective functions to create online, multiagent, motion plans. These plans are guaranteed to satisfy a persistent mission TL specification and locally optimize an objective function (e.g. in this paper, a cost based on information entropy). The presented approach decouples the two tasks by assigning sub-teams of agents to fulfill the TL specification, while unassigned agents optimize the objective function locally. This paper also presents a novel decoupling of the classic product automaton based approach while maintaining satisfaction guarantees. We also qualitatively show that optimality loss in the local greedy minimization due to the TL constraints can be approximated based on specification complexity. This approach is evaluated with a set of simulations and an experiment of 6 robots with real sensors.
The Ultimate Flow.

The sport of Ultimate has grown from parking lot fun to international competition in its 35 year existence. As in many sports, the team that scores is subsequently on defense. Thus the probability that a team will score next is dependent on which team has scored most recently. Unlike in many other sports, teams switch ends after each score. Thus field conditions can affect the scoring patterns. The data and analyses described here can be integrated into a variety of courses ranging from introductory statistics to stochastic models.
Rethinking the “Gold Standard” of Racial Profiling: §287(g), Secure Communities and Racially Discrepant Police Power:

In this article, we explore methodological difficulties related to proving racial profiling, specifically in the context of §287(g) and Secure Communities enforcement. How it is that critical immig...
High-Dimensional Covariance Decomposition into Sparse Markov and Independence Domains

In this paper, we present a novel framework incorporating a combination of sparse models in different domains. We posit the observed data as generated from a linear combination of a sparse Gaussian Markov model (with a sparse precision matrix) and a sparse Gaussian independence model (with a sparse covariance matrix). We provide efficient methods for decomposition of the data into two domains, viz., Markov and independence domains. We characterize a set of sufficient conditions for identifiability and model consistency. Our decomposition method is based on a simple modification of the popular l1-penalized maximum-likelihood estimator (l1-MLE). We establish that our estimator is consistent in both the domains, i.e., it successfully recovers the supports of both Markov and independence models, when the number of samples n scales as n = Ω(d2 log p), where p is the number of variables and d is the maximum node degree in the Markov model. Our conditions for recovery are comparable to those of l1-MLE for consistent estimation of a sparse Markov model, and thus, we guarantee successful high-dimensional estimation of a richer class of models under comparable conditions. Our experiments validate these results and also demonstrate that our models have better inference accuracy under simple algorithms such as loopy belief propagation.
An Integrated Approach for Efficient Multi-Omics Joint Analysis

The challenges associated with multi-omics analysis, e.g. DNA- seq, RNA-seq, metabolomics, methylomics and microbiomics domains, include: (1) increased high-dimensionality, as all -omics domains include ten thousands to hundreds of thousands of variables each; (2) increased complexity in analyzing domain-domain interactions, quadratic for pairwise correlation, and exponential for higher-order interactions; (3) variable heterogeneity, with highly skewed distributions in different units and scales for methylation and microbiome. Here, we developed an efficient strategy for joint-domain analysis, applying it to an analysis of correlations between colon epithelium methylomics and fecal microbiomics data with colorectal cancer risk as estimated by colorectal polyp prevalence. First, we applied domain-specific standard pipelines for quality assessment, cleaning, batch-effect removal, et cetera. Second, we performed variable homogenization for both the methylation and microbiome data sets, using domain-specific normalization and dimension reduction, obtaining scale-free variables that could be compared across the two domains. Finally, we implemented a joint-domain network analysis to identify relevant microbial-methylation island patterns. The network analysis considered all possible species-island pairs, thus being quadratic in its complexity. However, we were able to pre-select the unpaired variables by performing a preliminary association analysis on the outcome polyp prevalence. All results from association and interaction analyses were adjusted for multiple comparisons. Although the limited sample size did not provide good power (80% to detect medium to large effect sizes with 5% alpha error), a number of potentially significant association (dozens in the uncorrected analysis, reducing to just a few in the corrected one) were identified. As a last step, we linked the network patterns identified by our approach to the KEGG functional ontology, showing that the method can generate new mechanistic hypotheses for the biological causes of polyp development.
Robust implementation of quantum gates despite always-on exchange coupling in silicon double quantum dots

Addressability of spin qubits in a silicon double quantum dot setup in the (1,1) charge configuration relies on having a large difference between the Zeeman splittings of the electrons. When the difference is not sufficiently large, the rotating wave approximation becomes inaccurate. We consider a device working in this regime, with always-on exchange coupling, and describe how a controlled-$Z$ (cz) gate and arbitrary one-qubit gates which are robust against charge noise can be implemented by smoothly pulsing the microwave source while eliminating the cross talk. We find that the most significant deviations from the rotating wave approximation, which are analogous to the Bloch-Siegert shift in a two-level system, can be compensated using local virtual gates.
Case 3: Sudden Altered Mental Status in an 11-month-old Boy

1. Tamara Gayle, MD, MEd* 1. *Division of Hospital Medicine, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington, DC An 11-month-old boy presents to an emergency department (ED) after multiple witnessed episodes that were concerning for seizures. His parents note that he was in his normal state of health last night but this morning started becoming increasingly fussy. He then developed a blank stare and went limp. This happened 1 more time where he was seen to have perioral cyanosis. There were no convulsions, noted abnormal movements, or incontinence. He was quiet for a few minutes after this occurred but started to cry afterward. He was then taken to the community ED. He again developed a blank stare and went limp, which was witnessed by the care team on arrival in the ED. The family denies any fever or diarrhea, although he has had 2 episodes of nonbilious, nonbloody emesis after his staring episode. There was no witnessed ingestion or concern for nonaccidental or accidental trauma. He had been taking fluids well, with good urine output. There are no sick contacts at home, he does not attend child …
The use of diagnostic tools for pediatric AKI: applying the current evidence to the bedside.

Given the known deleterious consequences of acute kidney injury (AKI), exciting recent research efforts have focused on developing strategies for the earlier recognition of AKI in the pediatric population. Recognizing the limitations of serum creatinine, investigators have focused on the study of novel biomarkers and practical bedside tools for identifying patients at risk for AKI prior to a rise in serum creatinine. In PubMed, there are presently over 30 original research papers exploring the use of pediatric AKI risk prediction tools in just the last 2 years. The following review highlights the most recent advances in the literature regarding opportunities to refine our ability to detect AKI early. Importantly, this review discusses how prediction tools including novel urine and serum biomarkers, practical risk stratification tests, renal functional reserve, and electronic medical record alerts may ultimately be applied to routine clinical practice.
Irrigator perceptions and the value of groundwater quality in the High Plains Aquifer

Groundwater is critical to irrigated production in many arid and semiarid regions of the world. Groundwater that is low in quality presents limited value to farmers as an input to agricultural production. In this paper, we present findings from a survey of irrigator perceptions and irrigation water testing behavior targeted to producers in the Kansas portion of the High Plains Aquifer. Additionally, we estimate the value of an incremental increase in the quality of groundwater for agricultural irrigation using contingent valuation. We find that 30% of respondents have either “moderate” or “major” concern over the agricultural impacts of irrigation water quality. Additionally, 20% of respondents indicate that water quality has had either “moderate” or “major” impacts on their crop yields. Lastly, we find a median willingness to pay of US$39 well-1 for an incremental increase in irrigation water quality, as measured by reduced salt content.
Double the insurance, double the funds?

Abstract The Depositors Insurance Fund and Share Insurance Fund, private organizations in Massachusetts, have provided a full guarantee on deposits held at member Massachusetts state-chartered savings and cooperative institutions since 1934. I instrument for the choice to participate in these funds using two unique instrumental variables and find that member institutions held approximately one-third more deposits over the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation limit when compared to similar state institutions. In addition, I find that member institutions experienced a larger flight to deposits than nonmember institutions during the financial crisis and recession. These results show that private deposit insurance might lessen concerns of deposit loss and reduce the burden on federal emergency guarantee programs.
Understanding token ring protocols and standards

Introduction. Physical Configurations of Token Ring. Signaling Parameters for Token Ring. Classic Token Ring. Dedicated Token Ring. Conclusions.
Parathyroid hormone and phosphatidylinositol metabolism in fetal rat limb bones

We have previously shown that bPTH-(l-34) stimulates the incorporation of 3H-myo-inositol into phosphatidylinositol in fetal rat limb bones (Rappaport and Stern, 1986). The current studies were undertaken to determine whether the hormone would also show effects on the production of inositol phosphates. We have compared the effects of bPTH-(l-34) with those of Nleu8,18Tyr34-bPTH-(3-34)amide, a PTH analog shown to be without effects on cyclic AMP in renal (Rosenblatt, et al., 1977) or osseous (Goldring, et al., 1985, Hermann-Erlee, et al., 1983) tissue. In addition, we have examined the effects of α-thrombin, which stimulates resorption in fetal rat limb bones (Hoffmann, et al., 1986) and which increases production of inositol phosphates in several tissues (Rendu et al., 1983, Carney, et al. 1985).
No-Reflow Phenomenon

To the Editor: In reviewing no-reflow, Rezkalla and Kloner1 indicted injury-induced microvascular changes, but did not mention spasm of resistance vessels, which might be the basic mechanism of no-reflow. I proposed in 1971 that no-reflow (“stasis”) is due to ischemic injury-induced spasm, and the evidence seemed convincing.2 Short coronary occlusions reversed no-reflow, and this was interpreted as reversal of spasm; occlusion-induced ischemia caused reactive hyperemia, which reversed spasm. The ability to alternate repeatedly between normal and low flows seemed to rule out mechanisms as cell swelling, microvascular obstruction by white cells and platelets, and vascular damage directly causing no-reflow. Reduced flow (ie, no-reflow) has been attributed by Gregorini et al3 to vasoconstriction in individuals treated with percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA), cases which support the spastic cause …
Reformulation of Non-binary Constraints

Constraint satisfaction problems (CSPs) frequently emerge in practical situations. Unfortunately these problems are likely to be computationally intractable. In practice, it is necessary to implement strategies that reduce the amount of computational effort expended in finding solutions to CSPs.
Type systems for distributed data sharing

Parallel programming languages that let multiple processors access shared data provide a variety of sharing mechanisms and memory models. Understanding a language's support for data sharing behavior is critical to understanding how the language can be used, and is also a component for numerous program analysis, optimization, and runtime clients. Languages that provide the illusion of a global address space, but are intended to work on machines with physically distributed memory, often distinguish between different kinds of pointers or shared data. The result can be subtle rules about what kinds of accesses are allowed in the application programs and implicit constraints on how the language may be implemented. This paper develops a basis for understanding the design space of these sharing formalisms, and codifies that understanding in a suite of type checking/inference systems that illustrate the trade-offs among various models.
The Pathological and Clinical Significance ofCongenital One-Sided Kidney Defect, Withthe Presentation of Three New Cases ofAgenesia and One of Aplasia

Excerpt Congenital one-sided kidney defect has been reported by many writers, beginning with Aristotle, because it has been considered a rare and interesting structural anomaly. Little attention wa...
Real brains for real robots.

Neural signals from the brains of monkeys have been used to drive the movement of robotic arms. The ultimate objective of such work is to design controllable prosthetic limbs.
Thermal Decomposition of Silver Flake Lubricants

There is a thin layer of organic lubricant on commercial silver flake surfaces. This lubricant layer is a fatty acid salt formed between a fatty acid and silver flake surfaces. Thermal decomposition behavior of the silver flake lubricant is investigated in this study. The heat flow and mass loss of a silver flake are studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetry (TG), respectively. The silver flake is also oven heated to different isothermal temperatures (150,190, 250 and 300°C) for one h. Then chemical nature of the lubricant of the heated silver flake sample are studied using diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transfer spectroscopy (DRIFTS). Based on the results, a mechanism of thermal decomposition of the silver flake lubricant is proposed. It is found that decomposition of the lubricant - the fatty acid salt -includes the release of the fatty acid, formation of short chain acids by decomposition of hydrocarbon moiety of the fatty acid, and formation of alcohols through decarbonation of the short chain acids.
Interaction of integration host factor from Escherichia coli with the integration region of the Haemophilus influenzae bacteriophage HP1.

Abstract The specific DNA-binding protein integration host factor (IHF) of Escherichia coli stimulates the site-specific recombination reaction between the attP site of bacteriophage HP1 and the attB site of its host, Haemophilus influenzae, in vitro and also appears to regulate the expression of HP1 integrase. IHF interacts specifically with DNA segments containing the att sites and the integrase regulatory region, as judged by IHF-dependent retardation of relevant DNA fragments during gel electrophoresis. The locations of the protein-binding sites were identified by DNase I protection experiments. Three sites in the HP1 attP region bound IHF, two binding sites were present in the vicinity of the attB region, and one region containing three partially overlapping sites was present in the HP1 integrase regulatory segment. The binding sites defined in these experiments all contained sequences which matched the consensus IHF binding sequences first identified in the lambda attP region. An activity which stimulated the HP1 site-specific integration reaction was found in extracts of H. influenzae, suggesting that an IHF-like protein is present in this organism.