cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A theoretical study of the electronic properties of intercalated graphite

Abstract We present the results of electronic structure calculations for first and second stages of lithium intercalated graphite (LiC 6 and LiC 12 ). The various stages of Li intercalated graphite all have hexagonal symmetry, where different carbon layers are stacked with C-atoms directly on top of each other (AIAI…), as opposed to natural graphite where the C-layers are staggered (ABAB…). All our calculations have been performed within the framework of the extended tight binding method with Gaussian type basis sets. From the orbital and total densities of states, we conclude that Li-2s electrons are transferred into carbon π-bands. This results in shifting the Fermi level into the region of high density of states (compared with pure graphite) and, hence, to observed metallic behavior. The calculated density of states for LiC 6 and LiC 12 is 0.25 and 0.12/(eV C-atom), respectively. Recall that for pure graphite the value is nearly zero and for copper it is 0.29. We also found it instructive to obtain the electronic structure of LiC 6 and LiC 12 based on a rigid band model.
Helium diffusion in LiH

Abstract Helium diffusion was studied in single crystals of LiH. The helium was introduced into the material by the nuclear reaction Li 6 ( n , α)H 3 . In the temperature range from 200–250°C, the apparent diffusion coefficient is given by: D A =2·04 exp((−28,200/ RT ). The results appear to be independent of radiation does from 10 15 –10 17 nvt, and of magnesium content up to 2300 ppm. The most plausible mechanism is the diffusion of helium atoms via intestitial sites as they are continually trapped at unspecified lattice defects.
News Media Framing of Serious Mental Illness and Gun Violence in the United States, 1997-2012

Recent mass shootings by persons seemingly afflicted with serious mental illness (SMI) have received extensive news media coverage and prompted national dialogue about the causes of, and policy responses to, mass shootings. News media framing of SMI as a cause of gun violence may influence public attitudes about persons with SMI and support for gun violence prevention proposals. We analyzed the content of a 25% random sample of news stories on SMI and gun violence published in 14 national and regional news sources from 1997 to 2012. Across the study period, most news coverage occurred in the wake of mass shootings, and “dangerous people” with SMI were more likely than “dangerous weapons” to be mentioned as a cause of gun violence.
Automatic circuit partitioning in the Anyboard rapid prototyping system

Abstract The Anyboard rapid prototyping system is described. The Anyboard circuit partitioner is discussed and the results of experiments are presented that characterize its ability to find good partitions. Under some conditions it was found that an algorithm that is generally regarded as poor in fact produces good results in less time than an algorithm that is generally regarded as more powerful.
Benign thymoma and erythroid hypoplasia. Thirteen-year “cure” following thymectomy

A case of benign thymoma with erythroid hypoplasia involving a 65-year-old Caucasian farmer is reported. Hematologic remission occurred 9 months after thymectomy. Follow-up observation extending over 13 years showed consistently normal blood hemoglobin levels without additional blood transfusions. However, repeated reticulocyte counts, bone marrow examinations and erythrokinetic studies suggested a continuing mild hemolytic process. The possible mechanism of the hemolytic process was studied and discussed.
Technique for precision beveling of relatively large micropipettes

Abstract A technique is described for embedding various sizes of diamond dust in a film of Varathane laid upon an optically flat glass surface. This forms a precise and very durable abrasive surface. When such abrasive surfaces are used with previously described equipment, micropipettes may be beveled rapidly and reliably to tip diameters extending from 0.5 μm to indefinitely large sizes. Beveled tips formed in this manner are extremely sharp, as shown by high resolution SEM photographs. Plugging of the micropipette tip during beveling is prevented by applying pressure to the contained electrolyte. This procedure allows the micropipette's electrical resistance to be monitored accurately and continuously, so that beveling may be stopped at the electrical resistance associated with any predetermined tip diameter. The beveling of such relatively large micropipettes appears to have a variety of applications in neurophysiology, plus additional applications in kidney and capillary micropuncture work.
Effects of cocaine, nicotine, dizocipline and alcohol on mice locomotor activity: cocaine-alcohol cross-sensitization involves upregulation of striatal dopamine transporter binding sites.

We investigated if repeated administration of cocaine, nicotine, dizocipline (MK-801) and alcohol yields behavioral cross-sensitization between these agents. Swiss Webster mice received in their home cage one of the following intraperitoneal (i. p.) injections for 5 consecutive days: (a) saline, (b) cocaine (20 mg/kg), (c) nicotine (0.5 mg/kg), (d) MK-801 (0.3 mg/kg) and (e) ethanol (2.0 g/kg). After a 10-day drug free period, each group (n=30) was divided into three subgroups (n=10) and received challenge injections of either cocaine, nicotine or MK-801. The horizontal and vertical movements of the mice were recorded in locomotor activity cages (test cage). Among the various drugs tested, only the cocaine and ethanol experienced mice developed sensitization to a challenge injection of cocaine; MK-801 pretreated mice showed a sensitized response only to a challenge injection of MK-801. In a second experiment, mice in their home cages received (a) saline, (b) cocaine (20 mg/kg) or (c) ethanol (2.0 g/kg) for 5 days, and challenged with an i.p. ethanol injection (2.0 g/kg) after a 10-day drug free period. Both, cocaine and ethanol experienced mice developed marked sensitization to ethanol challenge compared with the saline experienced mice. Assessment of the densities of striatal dopamine transporter (DAT) sites (by [3H]mazindol binding) 11 days after the extinction of repeated treatment with either cocaine or ethanol revealed a significant increase (71-108%) in the number of DAT binding sites. Thus, among the various psychostimulants investigated in the present study cross-sensitization between cocaine and ethanol was only observed. The behavioral sensitization we measured was primarily 'drug-dependent', rather than 'context-dependent', because animals were exposed to the test cage only once. The finding that cocaine- and ethanol-induced behavioral sensitization is associated with upregulation of striatal DAT binding sites supports the hypothesis that similar neural substrates are involved in the psychomotor/rewarding effects of cocaine and alcohol.
Anti-CD3 priming generates heterogeneous antigen-specific memory CD4 T cells

Anti-CD3 activation of peripheral T cells is used in adoptive immunotherapy for cancer and HIV infection, but the long-term fate of anti-CD3-primed T cells in vivo is not known. In this study, we demonstrate that anti-CD3-mediated activation of influenza hemagglutinin (HA)-specific TCR-transgenic CD4 T cells results in generation of a long-lived HA-specific memory CD4 T cell population when transferred into lymphocyte-deficient and intact mouse hosts. This anti-CD3-primed memory population is indistinguishable from HA peptide-primed memory CD4 T cells in terms of phenotype, rapid recall function, and enhanced proliferative capacity. Moreover, anti-CD3 priming generates phenotypically heterogeneous memory subsets in lymphoid and non-lymphoid sites. Our results suggest that anti-CD3 has potential efficacy in generating memory responses in adoptive immunotherapies and vaccines and that the tissue distribution and maintenance of heterogeneous lymphoid and non-lymphoid memory T cell subsets are a stochastic process that can occur independent of antigen or TCR specificity.
Consolidating distribution centers can reduce lost sales

Abstract In many industries, products are sold out of inventory. When inventory shortages are possible, expected product sales will fall short of expected product demand. We find that this shortfall is proportional to the standard deviation of demand. As we show, this implies that consolidating retailer units – which leads to a lower standard deviation for the aggregate demand – can increase sales.
Nasalance measurements in hearing-impaired children

Nasalance measurements were recorded utilizing a Nasometer 6200 instrument and speech samples were obtained from 18 hearing-impaired children with ages ranging from 3.8 to 11.7 years. Three conditions were used: speech without amplification (unaided), speech with amplification (aided), and speech with FM amplification. Percent nasalance in each speech condition was compared according to the degree of hearing loss and the age of the subject. No significant difference was found when (1) comparisons were made between younger and older groups in all three conditions and when (2) comparisons were made according to the severity of hearing loss across the three conditions.
Nitroglycerin-induced reduction in the incidence of spontaneous ventricular fibrillation during coronary occlusion in dogs

Abstract Previous investigations have demonstrated that nitroglycerin reduces ischemic injury and enhances ventricular electrical stability during coronary occlusion in dogs. These beneficial effects were potentiated by preventing drug-induced hypotension with alpha adrenergic agonists. To determine whether nltroglycerin can prevent spontaneous post-occlusion ventricular fibrillation, 27 open chest dogs were assigned in random fashion to two groups—control (saline infusion) and nitroglycerin-treated (0.45 mg intravenous bolus infusion followed by 0.3 mg/ min continuous infusion). After 10 minutes of infusion the left anterior descending and septal coronary arteries were occluded at their origins. Hypotensive effects of nitroglycerin were prevented by intermittent intravenous doses of methoxamine; mean arterial pressure and heart rate in control and treated animals were thus indistinguishable. Infusions continued until ventricular fibrillation occurred or 30 minutes elapsed. Twelve of 13 control dogs died with ventricular fibrillation; only 7 of 14 nitroglycerin-treated dogs died ( P
Quantitative Density Visualization in a Transonic Compressor Rotor

The flow in a 59-cm-diameter high-work transonic compressor rotor has been visualized using a fluorescent gas, 2,3, butanedione, as a tracer. The technique allows the three-dimensional flow to be imaged as a set of distinct planes. Quantitative static density maps were obtained by correcting the images for distortion and nonlinearities introduced by the illumination and imaging systems. These images and maps were used to analyze the three-dimensional nature of the blade's boundary layer and shock system.
Phylogeny, reproductive isolation and kin recognition in the social amoeba Dictyostelium purpureum.

Little is known about the population structure of social microorganisms, yet such studies are particularly interesting for the ways that genetic variation impacts their social evolution. Dictyostelium, a eukaryotic microbe widely used as a developmental model, has a social fruiting stage in which some formerly independent individuals die to help others. To assess genetic variation within the social amoeba Dictyostelium purpureum, we sequenced ∼4000 base pairs of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) from 37 isolates collected in Texas, Virginia, and Japan. Our analysis showed extensive genetic variation between populations and clear evidence of phylogenetic structure. We identified three major phylogenetic groups that were more different than other accepted species pairs. Tests using pairs of clones showed that both sexual macrocyst and asexual fruiting body formation were influenced by genetic divergence. Macrocysts were less likely to form between pairs of clones from different groups than from the same group. There was also a correlation between the genetic divergence of a pair of clones and their degree of mixing within fruiting bodies. These observations suggest that cryptic species might occur within D. purpureum and, more importantly, reveal how genetic variation impacts social interactions.
Future Leaders’ Views on Organizational Culture

Research libraries will continue to be affected by rapid and transformative changes in information technology and the networked environment for the foreseeable future. The pace and direction of these changes will profoundly challenge libraries and their staffs to respond effectively. This paper presents the results of a survey that was designed to discern the perceptions and preferences of future library leaders related to organizational cultures in these times of precipitous change. The study finds that future leaders of academic libraries perceive a significant gap between their current and preferred organizational cultures and that current organizational cultures limit their effectiveness.
Reducing the cost of the critical path in secure multicast for dynamic groups

In this paper we focus on the problem of secure multicast in dynamic groups. In this problem, a group of users communicate using a shared key. Due to the dynamic nature of these groups, to preserve secrecy, it is necessary to change the group key whenever the group membership changes. While the group key, is being changed, the group communication needs to be interrupted until the rekeying is complete. This interruption is especially necessary if the rekeying is done because a user has left (or is removed). We split the rekeying cost into two parts: the cost of the critical path-where each user receives the new group key, and the cost of the non-critical path-where each user receives any other keys that it needs to obtain. We present two algorithms that show the trade off between the cost of the critical path and the cost of the non-critical path. We also compare our algorithms to previous algorithms and show that our algorithms reduce the cost of the critical path while keeping the total cost manageable.
Sphingolipids in Food and the Emerging Importance of Sphingolipids to Nutrition

Eukaryotic organisms as well as some prokaryotes and viruses contain sphingolipids, which are defined by a common structural feature, i.e. , a "sphingoid base" backbone such as D-erythro-1,3-dihydroxy, 2-aminooctadec-4-ene (sphingosine). The sphingolipids of mammalian tissues, lipoproteins, and milk include ceramides, sphingomyelins, cerebrosides, gangliosides and sulfatides; plants, fungi and yeast have mainly cerebrosides and phosphoinositides. The total amounts of sphingolipids in food vary considerably, from a few micromoles per kilogram (fruits) to several millimoles per kilogram in rich sources such as dairy products, eggs and soybeans. With the use of the limited data available, per capita sphingolipid consumption in the United States can be estimated to be on the order of 150-180 mmol (approximately 115-140 g) per year, or 0.3-0.4 g/d. There is no known nutritional requirement for sphingolipids; nonetheless, they are hydrolyzed throughout the gastrointestinal tract to the same categories of metabolites (ceramides and sphingoid bases) that are used by cells to regulate growth, differentiation, apoptosis and other cellular functions. Studies with experimental animals have shown that feeding sphingolipids inhibits colon carcinogenesis, reduces serum LDL cholesterol and elevates HDL, suggesting that sphingolipids represent a "functional" constituent of food. Sphingolipid metabolism can also be modified by constituents of the diet, such as cholesterol, fatty acids and mycotoxins (fumonisins), with consequences for cell regulation and disease. Additional associations among diet, sphingolipids and health are certain to emerge as more is learned about these compounds.
Optimal lot-sizing policy with incentives for yield improvement

In the semiconductor manufacturing industry, the complex process of turning microchip designs using silicon discs into working electronic components has become more difficult due to the advent of new technology in applications such as chips for the video gaming industry. In this paper, we model the problem for a firm facing a target demand from its customers. The firm may either subcontract manufacturing to an external supplier or do the production at its in-house facility. In the former case, the decision is to determine the optimal order size recognizing that the supplier faces an uncertain output due to random yield. In the latter case, the decision is to choose the optimal lot-sizing policy at its own production facility. We determine such optimal decisions for the firm. In addition, we consider the possibility of using better, but more expensive, technology to improve yields, and discuss the mechanism where the firm can provide incentive to the supplier to improve the yield.
A dimeric DNA interface stabilized by stacked A.(G.G.G.G).A hexads and coordinated monovalent cations.

We report on the identification of an A.(G.G.G.G).A hexad pairing alignment which involves recognition of the exposed minor groove of opposing guanines within a G.G.G.G tetrad through sheared G.A mismatch formation. This unexpected hexad pairing alignment was identified for the d(G-G-A-G-G-A-G) sequence in 150 mM Na(+) (or K(+)) cation solution where four symmetry-related strands align into a novel dimeric motif. Each symmetric half of the dimeric "hexad" motif is composed of two strands and contains a stacked array of an A.(G.G.G.G).A hexad, a G.G.G.G tetrad, and an A.A mismatch. Each strand in the hexad motif contains two successive turns, that together define an S-shaped double chain reversal fold, which connects the two G-G steps aligned parallel to each other along adjacent edges of the quadruplex. Our studies also establish a novel structural transition for the d(G-G-A-G-G-A-N) sequence, N=T and G, from an "arrowhead" motif stabilized through cross-strand stacking and mismatch formation in 10 mM Na(+) solution (reported previously), to a dimeric hexad motif stabilized by extensive inter-subunit stacking of symmetry-related A.(G.G.G.G).A hexads in 150 mM Na(+) solution. Potential monovalent cation binding sites within the arrowhead and hexad motifs have been probed by a combination of Brownian dynamics and unconstrained molecular dynamics calculations. We could not identify stable monovalent cation-binding sites in the low salt arrowhead motif. By contrast, five electronegative pockets were identified in the moderate salt dimeric hexad motif. Three of these are involved in cation binding sites sandwiched between G.G.G. G tetrad planes and two others, are involved in water-mediated cation binding sites spanning the unoccupied grooves associated with the adjacent stacked A.(G.G.G.G).A hexads. Our demonstration of A.(G. G.G.G).A hexad formation opens opportunities for the design of adenine-rich G-quadruplex-interacting oligomers that could potentially target base edges of stacked G.G.G.G tetrads. Such an approach could complement current efforts to design groove-binding and intercalating ligands that target G-quadruplexes in attempts designed to block the activity of the enzyme telomerase.
Exploiting Multi-Channel Clustering for Power Efficiency in Sensor Networks

Sensor networks typically comprise of a number of inexpensive small devices with processing, communication and sensing abilities that collaborate to perform a common task. Sensor devices use batteries as their sole power supply. The operational lifetime of a sensor network, therefore, depends entirely on the better utilization of the devices. Typically a sensor network is divided into clusters to optimize power utilization by performing division of labor and data aggregation within a cluster. This paper introduces a novel approach to naturally distributed clustering of sensor nodes in a sensor net using multi channel data planes. Our technique incorporates a virtual sense mechanism that reduces energy spent in sampling and transmission. It also decreases network traffic, thereby decreasing contention, potential collisions and retransmissions. This approach inherently implements a sleep-awake mechanism based on virtual sensing that contributes towards increasing the network lifetime by efficient utilization. The proposed technique can be used to track spreading phenomenon like forest fires and water flows. A spreading phenomenon can be represented by a field whose value changes dynamically with time over area. We focus on following the movement of such a dynamically changing field rather than obtaining the value of the field at different locations at disjoint random times.
Regulation of cellular manganese and manganese transport rates in the unicellular alga Chlamydomonas

The cellular accumulation and uptake kinetics of manganese by Chlamya’omonas sp. were studied in model chelate buffer systems. Cellular manganese concentrations and uptake rates were related to the computed free manganese ion concentration and were independent of the total or chelated manganese concentration. Cellular manganese was constant at about 1 mmol liter-’ of cellular volume at free manganese ion concentrations of 1 O-7.b-l O-6.3 mol liter-l and decreased below this range. Manganese uptake rates followed saturation kinetics and V,,,, but not KS (1 Om7.0 mol liter-l), varied with the fret manganese ion concentration in the growth medium. V.,, appeared to be under negative feedback control and increased with decreasing manganese ion concentration. Variations of up to 30-fold in this parameter seemed to be instrumental in limiting the variation in cellular manganese to a sixfold range (0.18-l .O mmol liter-‘) despite a 1 ,OOO-fold variation in free manganese ion concentration in the growth medium ( 10-9.5-10-6.3 mol liter-‘).
The Etiology of ABO Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn

The etiology of ABO hemolytic disease of the newborn is complex because of the natural presence of anti-A and/or anti-B in individuals who do not possess the A and/or B antigen. Although only IgG anti-A and anti-B can cross the placenta, these antibodies are found in the circulation of most newborn infants born to blood group O mothers. The A and B antigens are much weaker on the red blood cell of newborn infants than of adults. This relatively weak reactivity constitutes a major protective factor against maternal antibodies which have crossed the placental barrier. However, much variation was found in the strength or the reactivity of the A antigen among infants born at term. This variation was large enough to account for the poor quantitative relationship between maternal antibody levels and the ensuing hemolytic process in the infant. Thus, the variation in antigen strength among newborns constitutes an unpredictable factor in the etiology of ABO hemolytic disease. Infants with a relatively weak A antigen can tolerate a moderately high level of circulatory anti-A without any untoward effects, while in the presence of the same antibody level, infants with a relatively strong A antigen, a portion of the red blood cells will be destroyed.
Performing Royalty In Contemporary Africa

Sovereignty and governance in contemporary Africa are hotly contested issues with important—even dire—consequences for all those interested in the continent's markets, resources, people, and welfare. This article focuses not on questions of how authority is assigned or removed but on how it is shaped, worn, and performed for diverse audiences, particularly in the arena of “traditional governance.” Here, the Bafokeng “ethnic corporation” meets Africa's last absolute monarchy, the Swazi Kingdom, in a juxtaposition of styles, symbols, and strategies that illuminates the difference between an aesthetic of defiant African alterity and an Afromodern capitalist cosmopolitanism.
Postoperative atelectasis and pneumonia

Postoperative pulmonary complications, specifically atelectasis and pneumonia, are the leading cause of postoperative morbidity and death. It is crucial that the clinician have a thorough understanding of the pathophysiology, risk factors, and scientific basis for currently used respiratory interventions to tailor the patient's care in the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative settings. Given the changing healthcare environment and increasing economic constraints, all respiratory interventions must be reevaluated for use in patient care, keeping in mind the factors of scientific basis, patient needs, appropriate utilization, and quality patient outcomes.
Wearing the wrong size latex surgical gloves impairs manual dexterity.

Universal precautions mandate that health care workers wear gloves when dealing with patients, often in situations requiring a high level of technical skill. Although it seems obvious that wearing the wrong size gloves could impair or prolong tasks involving manual dexterity, the issue has not been formally studied. We tested the hypothesis that wearing the wrong size gloves impairs manual dexterity. We administered a grooved pegboard test to 20 healthy, paid, volunteer health care workers. The subjects performed the test with bare hands and while wearing their preferred size of latex surgical gloves, gloves that were a full size smaller, and gloves that were a full size larger. Each subject did three runs with each size glove and three runs with bare hands. The time necessary to insert pegs was measured with a stopwatch. Peg insertion time was not affected by wearing preferred size gloves (vs. bare-handed) but was increased 7–10% by gloves that were either too small or too large (both effects: P < 0.05 v...
Skin cancer after X-ray treatment for scalp ringworm.

Abstract Shore, R. E., Moseson, M., Xue, X., Tse, Y., Harley, N. and Pasternack, B. S. Skin Cancer after X-Ray Treatment for Scalp Ringworm. Radiat. Res. 157, 410–418 (2002). Some 2,224 children given X-ray therapy for tinea capitis (ringworm of the scalp) have been followed for up to 50 years to determine cancer incidence, along with a control group of 1,380 tinea capitis patients given only topical medications. The study found a relative risk (RR) of 3.6 (95% confidence interval, 2.3–5.9) for basal cell skin cancer (BCC) of the head and neck among irradiated Caucasians (124 irradiated cases and 21 control cases), in response to a scalp dose of about 4.8 Gy. No melanomas of the head and neck have been seen, and only a few squamous cell carcinomas. About 40% of irradiated cases have had multiple BCCs, for a total of 328 BCCs. Although 25% of both the irradiated and control groups are African-American, only 3 skin cancers have been seen among them, all in the irradiated group, indicating the importance of ...
Peripheral T Follicular Helper Cells Are the Major HIV Reservoir within Central Memory CD4 T Cells in Peripheral Blood from Chronically HIV-Infected Individuals on Combination Antiretroviral Therapy.

ABSTRACT In this study, we examined the peripheral blood (PB) central memory (T CM ) CD4 + T cell subsets designated peripheral T follicular helper cells (pTfh cells) and non-pTfh cells to assess HIV permissiveness and persistence. Purified pTfh and non-pTfh cells from healthy HIV-negative donors were tested for HIV permissiveness using green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing HIV-1NL4-3/Ba-L, followed by viral reactivation using beads coated with anti-CD3/anti-CD28 monoclonal antibodies. The role of pTfh cells in HIV persistence was analyzed in 12 chronically HIV-1 infected patients before and 48 weeks after initiation of raltegravir-containing combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). Total cellular HIV-1 DNA and episomes containing two copies of the viral long terminal repeat (2LTR circles) were analyzed in using droplet digital PCR in the purified pTfh and non-pTfh cells. Activation-inducible HIV p24 expression was determined by flow cytometry. Results indicate that pTfh cells, in particular PD1 + pTfh cells, showed greater permissiveness for HIV infection than non-pTfh cells. At week 48 on cART, HIV DNA levels were unchanged from pre-cART levels, although a significant decrease in 2LTR circles was observed in both cell subsets. Inducible HIV p24 expression was higher in pTfh cells than in non-pTfh cells, with the highest frequencies in the PD1 + CXCR3 − pTfh cell subset. Frequencies of HLADR + CD38 + activated CD4 T cells correlated with 2LTR circles in pTfh and non-pTfh cells at both time points and with p24 + cells at entry. In conclusion, among CD4 T CM cells in PB of aviremic patients on cART, pTfh cells, in particular the PD1 + CXCR3 − subset, constitute a major HIV reservoir that is sustained by ongoing residual immune activation. The inducible HIV p24 assay is useful for monitoring HIV reservoirs in defined CD4 T cell subsets. IMPORTANCE Identification of the type and nature of the cellular compartments of circulating HIV reservoirs is important for targeting of HIV cure strategies. In lymph nodes (LN), a subset of CD4 T cells called T follicular helper (Tfh) cells are preferentially infected by HIV. Central memory (T CM ) CD4 T cells are the major cellular reservoir for HIV in peripheral blood and contain a subset of CD4 T CM cells expressing chemokine receptor CXCR5 similar in function to LN Tfh cells termed peripheral Tfh (pTfh) cells. We found that the circulating pTfh cells are highly susceptible to HIV infection and that in HIV-infected patients, HIV persists in these cells following plasma virus suppression with potent cART. These pTfh cells, which constitute a subset of T CM CD4 T cells, can be readily monitored in peripheral blood to assess HIV persistence.
Responsive Stabilization of Nanoparticles for Extreme Salinity and High-Temperature Reservoir Applications

Colloidal stabilization of nanoparticles under extreme salinity and high temperature conditions is a key challenge in the development of next generation technologies for subsurface reservoir characterization and oil recovery. Polyelectrolytes have been investigated as nanoparticle stabilizers, but typically fail at high ionic strengths and elevated temperatures due to excessive charge screening and dehydration. We report an approach to nanoparticle stabilization that overcomes these limitations, and exploits the antipolyelectrolyte phenomenon, in which screening of intrachain electrostatic interactions causes a polyzwitterion chain to undergo a structural transition from a collapsed globule to a more open coil-like regime with increases in ionic strength and temperature. Small-angle neutron scattering on a model zwitterionic polymer in solution indicated an increase in both radius of gyration and excluded volume parameter of the polymer with increases in ionic strength and temperature. The model zwitterio...
Feasibility Study of Increasing Social Support to Enhance a Healthy Lifestyle Intervention for Individuals with Serious Mental Illness.

AbstractObjective: Healthy lifestyle interventions addressing obesity in people with serious mental illness (SMI) lead to modest weight losses that tend not to be sustained over time. By augmenting lifestyle interventions with family and peer support targeting health behavior change, greater weight loss might be obtained and sustained in this population. The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility of increasing support from family and friends to enhance a healthy lifestyle intervention (In SHAPE) adapted for individuals with SMI. Method: A sample of 7 dyads (14 total participants) participated in this small-scale open-feasibility trial of social support strategies to enhance health promotion. Weekly 1-hour health coaching sessions were augmented by sessions designed to increase support for healthy eating and exercise through active learning and didactic instruction. Feasibility was assessed by program participation and by examining participants’ satisfaction and exploring suggestions for impro...
ENGINEERING CHARACTERISTICS,RAILWAY CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUE AND DISASTER TREATMENT OF LOESS

The paper summarizes briefly the studies,since 1960,about the engineering characteristics,railway construction technique and disaster treatment of loess centering on the effect of loess on railway engineering construction.It firstly puts forward the two-class classification of era origin combining with engineering and carries out the studies on the developing of loess subsidence,the bearing capacity of foundation,the in-situ test for determining the bearing capacity and deformation parameters of loess.It also puts forward the table of design parameters for cut slope of loess,the technical standard of embankment construction,and the force- subject mode,failure type and design principle of single and double line tunnel of loess based on the above studies.The pounding extruded lime-soil pile with silicon injection,the construction technology and quality testing technique are developed through the studies of the collapsibility and foundation treatment of loess.It can be referenced for the railway construction and construction of present passenger dedicated railway line.
Shock Acceleration Restriction and Safety Margin Estimation for UHV Transformer Transportation

Transportation is one of the main problems of UHV transformer.Transportation of UHV transformer bears the tests of limit transportation conditions.Shock should not only lead to transformer damage,but also be injurious to transportation safety.For that reason,it is necessary to approach the shock acceleration restriction and safety margin estimation for UHV transformer transportation.Consequently,the shock acceleration controlling indexes are put forward from different angles.Several main safety factors used for safety margin estimation are put forward too.It can be used for quantizing the analysis of safety consciousness and safety measures.And it is proposed that a new special shock recorder should be used for UHV transformer transportation.
The Roles of the Equilibrium Dissociation Constant and the Receptor Concentration on the Time Course of Neuromuscular Block

The equilibrium dissociation constants of various nondepolarizing muscle relaxants (MRs) with the postsynaptic nicotinic receptors at the end plates were previously postulated to influence the onset of neuromuscular block (NMB). The hypothesis was not rigorously tested. The goal of the present study was to analyze the course of NMB over time assuming different values for (i) the rate constants for interaction of MRs with the postsynaptic nicotinic receptors (the association, kassoc, and dissociation, kdossoc, rate constants) and (ii) the receptor concentration ([R]).
Predicting visibility of interference fringes in X-ray grating interferometry

The interference fringe visibility is a common figure of merit in designs of x-ray grating-based interferometers. Presently one has to resort to laborious computer simulations to predict fringe visibility values of interferometers with polychromatic x-ray sources. Expanding the authors’ previous work on Fourier expansion of the intensity fringe pattern, in this work the authors developed a general quantitative theory to predict the intensity fringe pattern in closed-form formulas, which incorporates the effects of partial spatial coherence, spectral average and detector pixel re-binning. These formulas can be used to predict the fringe visibility of a Talbot-Lau interferometer with any geometry configuration and any source spectrum.
Noncoding RNAs in Cardiovascular Disease

For decades, it has been recognized that proteins, which are encoded by our genomes via transcription and translation, are building blocks that play vital roles in almost all biological processes. Mutations identified in many protein-coding genes are linked to various human diseases. However, this “protein-centered” dogma has been challenged in recent years with the discovery that majority of our genome is “noncoding” yet transcribed. Noncoding RNA has become the focus of “next generation” biology. Here, we review the emerging field of noncoding RNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), and their function in cardiovascular biology and disease.
Control concepts for digital clay

This is the author’s version of a work that was accepted for publication in the 2003 Symposium on Robot control 2003 (SYROCO '03) : a proceedings volume from the 7th IFAC Symposium, Wroclaw, Poland, 1-3 September 2003. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in Robot control 2003 (SYROCO '03) : a proceedings volume from the 7th IFAC Symposium, Wroclaw, Poland, 1-3 September 2003.
Dissemination and Implementation Research in Marriage and Family Therapy: An Introduction and Call to the Field

Despite the considerable resources allocated to research to promote public health, interventions capable of benefiting individuals and families are not finding their way into regular practice. An important avenue for addressing this problem is through dissemination and implementation (D&I) science, a burgeoning research area focusing on translating empirical knowledge into everyday practice. This article begins by suggesting ways in which MFTs are uniquely equipped to contribute to and benefit from D&I research. We will then provide an overview of D&I research, outlines key D&I models, and highlight examples of family intervention research relevant to MFTs using the key models. Finally, we conclude by providing the field with important next steps to advance the presence of MFT research within D&I scholarship.
A Model-Based Machine Learning Approach to Probing Autonomic Regulation From Nonstationary Vital-Sign Time Series

Physiological variables, such as heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP) and respiration (RESP), are tightly regulated and coupled under healthy conditions, and a break-down in the coupling has been associated with aging and disease. We present an approach that incorporates physiological modeling within a switching linear dynamical systems (SLDS) framework to assess the various functional components of the autonomic regulation through transfer function analysis of nonstationary multivariate time series of vital signs. We validate our proposed SLDS-based transfer function analysis technique in automatically capturing 1) changes in baroreflex gain due to postural changes in a tilt-table study including ten subjects, and 2) the effect of aging on the autonomic control using HR/RESP recordings from 40 healthy adults. Next, using HR/BP time series of more than 450 adult ICU patients, we show that our technique can be used to reveal coupling changes associated with severe sepsis (AUC = 0.74, sensitivity = 0.74, specificity = 0.60). Our findings indicate that reduced HR/BP coupling is significantly associated with severe sepsis even after adjusting for clinical interventions ( P $ 0.001). These results demonstrate the utility of our approach in phenotyping complex vital-sign dynamics, and in providing mechanistic hypotheses in terms of break-down of autoregulatory systems under healthy and disease conditions.
The reinforcing value and liking of resistance training and aerobic exercise as predictors of adult's physical activity.

Abstract Objective Reinforcing value (motivating value) is a stronger predictor than hedonic value (liking) for engaging in drug use, gambling, and eating. The associations of reinforcing value and liking with physical activity of adults have not yet been studied and may depend on the modes of exercise (e.g., aerobic/cardiovascular exercise, resistance training) under consideration. The purpose of this study was to test associations of the reinforcing value and liking of aerobic exercise training (AT) and resistance exercise training (RT) modes of exercise with usual participation in aerobic and resistance exercise in adults. Methods Men (n = 38) and women (n = 50) were measured for their liking and relative reinforcing value (RRV) of AT and RT, for their usual vigorous physical activity (VPA) participation, and for usual resistance exercise behavior (Yale physical activity questionnaire). Results The RRV of AT (RRVAT) and liking of AT were correlated, ( r = 0.22, p r = 0.42, p ˂ 0.01). The reinforcing value for, but not the liking of, a mode of exercise predicted how much an individual engaged in that mode of exercise. RRVAT (p ˂ 0.01) was positively associated with usual VPA. RRVRT (p ˂ 0.01) was positively associated with RT behavior. The hedonic value of AT and of RT were not associated (p > 0.30) with VPA or RT behavior. Conclusion Reinforcing value of a mode of exercise is a stronger predictor than the liking of that mode of exercise for usual amount of participation in the exercise.
A 10-Mb/s Uplink Utilizing Rectifier Third-Order Intermodulation in a Miniature CMOS Tag

This letter introduces an inductive power transfer (IPT) uplink to a miniature CMOS tag. The transmitter (Tx) sends a two-tone waveform at 5.728/5.768 GHz to charge the tag and excites a third-order intermodulation frequency at 5.808 GHz from the tag rectifier, which is then modulated and returned to the reader receiver (Rx) via the same coupled coils used for the IPT. The Tx/Rx frequency separation, incorporating an appropriate duplexer, allows significant filtering on the Tx-to-Rx leakages. The achieved uplink data rate is 10 Mb/s.
CAPACITANCE AND CAPACITORS

Publisher Summary No single electronic component plays a more important role in the electronic age than a charge-storing mechanism called capacitor. Capacitors help to understand the energy aspects of electric fields and the properties of insulators. They are used to establish electric fields, to minimize voltage variations in electronic power supplies, to increase the efficiency of electric power transmission, and to provide energy for certain types of nuclear fusion energy devices and nuclear particle accelerators. Capacitors are used in the electronic circuits that detect and generate electromagnetic waves and as the components of electronic circuits used to measure time. This chapter discusses a type of capacitor that consists of two conductors separated by an insulator. It presents the way in which capacitor can accumulate and store a net amount of electric charge. The chapter introduces capacitance as a quantitative measure of the charge-storing ability. It discusses the equivalent capacitance of series and of parallel combinations of capacitors. It presents the energy aspects of capacitors and discusses the role of the insulator in a capacitor.
USE OF CARDIAC MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING IN THE MANAGEMENT OF A TRAUMATIC LEFT VENTRICULAR ANEURYSM

Traumatic left ventricular aneurysms are an uncommon finding in the pediatric population with only anecdotal treatment recommendations based on clinical experiences. A healthy 9-year-old male presented following blunt force trauma to the chest and abdomen. His initial exam revealed a stable child
Lang's Defence and the Morbid Sensibility of Genocide Studies

The combination of a prototype-based concept of genocide with the general cognitive tendency to perceive and interpret evidence in such a way as to maintain one's views renders one less likely to c...
Common Survey Sampling Techniques

In this chapter we provide an introduction to probability and non-probability sampling methods commonly used in quantitative research. Although we pay special attention to sampling issues in survey research, we also briefly explain additional sampling methods used in other types of research.
TNFα converting enzyme

Tumor necrosis factor a (TNFα) is a pleiotropic cytokine that mediates inflammatory and apoptotic processes by binding to two different receptors and thereby initiating complex signaling transduction pathways [1]. While TNFa has been studied since the earlier part of this century, the purification and cloning of this protein in 1985 [2 – 5] precipitated a decade of intensive research. These efforts demonstrated the cross-disciplinary significance of this molecule and gave insight into the signaling pathways that initiated TNFα transcription, the unique control of its translation and the TNF receptors that bind the secreted, 17 kDa molecule. These receptors reside on cells of nearly every tissue and, in turn, transduce the signals that result in changes in cell behavior.
Acid-catalyzed Rearrangements of Epoxides

The parallels between acid-catalyzed reactions of epoxides and the pinacol rearrangement are noted in Chapter 3.2 of this volume. Epoxides react more or less readily with acids, but they are at least moderately stable to all but the strongest of bases. It is difficult to find a persuasive instance of epoxide opening, even under basic conditions, that does not involve some probable form of electrophilic assistance, and a case can be made for the view that electrophile bonding/coordination to oxygen is required in order to cleave an epoxide. This electrophilic assistance may be as mild as hydrogen bonding by water in the opening of epoxides with aqueous amines, or as strong as the interactions that occur with concentrated H2SO4 or powerful Lewis acids
Strict and lazy semantics for effects: layering monads and comonads

Two particularly important classes of effects are those that can be given semantics using a monad and those that can be given semantics using a comonad. Currently, programs with both kinds of effects are usually given semantics using a technique that relies on a distributive law. While it is known that not every pair of a monad and a comonad has a distributive law, it was previously unknown if there were any realistic pairs of effects that could not be given semantics in this manner. This paper answers that question by giving an example of a pair of effects that cannot be given semantics using a distributive law. Our example furthermore is intimately tied to the duality of strictness and laziness. We discuss how to view this duality through the lens of effects.
Effects of optical sensing based variable rate nitrogen management on yields, nitrogen use and profitability for cotton

This research evaluated the profitability and nitrogen (N) efficiency of real time on-the-go optical sensing measurements (OPM) for variable-rate (VRT) N management for cotton. Two forms of OPM-based VRT N management and the existing farmer practice (FP) were used to determine N rates applied to cotton on 21 farm fields in the lower Mississippi River Basin states of Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri and Tennessee, USA. A modified version of the Schabenberger and Pierce on-farm experimentation model was used to evaluate VRT N management and landscape, soil and weather factors on lint yields, N rates, N efficiency (lint yield divided by N rate) and net returns. Field level mean lint yields were not different between VRT and FP. VRT decreased N rates applied on four fields and increased N rates applied on four other fields. However, landscape, soil and weather attributes specific to fields influenced VRT N rates. VRT N rates were similar to FP N rates on the other fields in the study. N efficiency was not improved with VRT N management. N rates were not low enough to increase N efficiency. Changes in lint yields and N rates due to VRT coupled with USDA NRCS Environmental Quality Incentive Program cost-share payments were not sufficient to produce higher net returns relative to FP N management at the field level. In this multi-site, multi-year study, yields and net returns from VRT were not different from FPs which did not utilize variable rate N management.
Deleuze's Theory of Dialectical Ideas: The Influence of Lautman and Heidegger

In Difference et repetition, Deleuze's ontology is structured by his theory of dialectical Ideas or problems, which draws features from Plato, Kant, and classical calculus. Deleuze unifies these fe...