cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A slowly moving particle in a two-dimensional magnetic field

Abstract We consider the behavior of a slowly moving classical point particle in a magnetic field in two dimensions, and show that, although energy conservation would permit the particle to escape to infinity, it in fact does not escape but is permanently trapped in the field. For any given magnetic field, this is true for particles of slow enough velocity. For such motion the magnetic flux enclosed by the Larmor orbits is an adiabatic invariant. Our results may be described by saying the deviations from conservation of this invariant are not cumulative but remain bounded over arbitrary time intervals, and are small if the velocity is small.
Coding polymorphisms in CD33 and response to gemtuzumab ozogamicin in pediatric patients with AML: a pilot study.

Coding polymorphisms in CD33 and response to gemtuzumab ozogamicin in pediatric patients with AML: a pilot study
Post‐transcriptional regulation of dopamine D1 receptor expression in caudate‐putamen of cocaine‐sensitized mice

The dopamine D1 receptor is centrally involved in mediating the effects of cocaine and is essential for cocaine-induced locomotor sensitization. Changes in D1 receptor expression have been reported in various models of cocaine addiction; however, the mechanisms that mediate these changes in D1 receptor expression are not well understood. Using preadolescent drd1a-EGFP mice and a binge cocaine treatment protocol we demonstrate that the D1 receptor is post-transcriptionally regulated in the caudate-putamen of cocaine-sensitized animal. While cocaine-sensitized mice express high levels of steady-state D1 receptor mRNA, the expression of D1 receptor protein is not elevated. We determined that the post-transcriptional regulation of D1 receptor mRNA is rapidly attenuated and D1 receptor protein levels increase within 30 min when the sensitized mice are challenged with cocaine. The rapid increase in D1 receptor protein levels requires de novo protein synthesis and correlates with the cocaine-induced hyperlocomotor activity in the cocaine-sensitized mice. The increase in D1 receptor protein levels in the caudate-putamen inversely correlated with the levels of microRNA 142-3p and 382, both of which regulate D1 receptor protein expression. The levels of these two microRNAs decreased significantly within 5 min of cocaine challenge in sensitized mice. The results provide novel insights into the previously unknown rapid kinetics of D1 receptor protein expression which occurs in a time scale that is comparable to the expression of immediate early genes. Furthermore, the results suggest a potential novel role for inherently labile microRNAs in regulating the rapid expression of D1 receptor protein in cocaine-sensitized animals.
Nature of supramolecular complexes controlled by the structure of the guest molecules: formation of octa acid based capsuleplex and cavitandplex.

Factors that govern inclusion of organic molecules within octa acid (OA), a synthetic deep cavity cavitand, have been delineated by examining the complexation behavior of a number of organic molecules with varying dimensions and functionalities with OA. The formation of two types of complexes has been noted: the one which we call cavitandplex is a partially open complex in which a part of the guest molecule remains exposed to water, and the other termed capsuleplex is formed through assembly of two OA molecules. In capsuleplex, the guest is protected from water. Generally, guest molecules that possess ionic head groups form cavitandplex, and all others form capsuleplex. Capsuleplex may contain one or two guest molecules within the capsule. Small organic molecules ( 12 A) preferentially form 2:1 capsuleplex. Extensive 1H NMR experiments have been carried out to characterize host−guest complexes. In the absence of the guest, OA tends...
The point-radius method for georeferencing locality descriptions and calculating associated uncertainty

Natural history museums store millions of specimens of geological, biological, and cultural entities. Data related to these objects are in increasing demand for investigations of biodiversity and its relationship to the environment and anthropogenic disturbance. A major barrier to the use of these data in GIS is that collecting localities have typically been recorded as textual descriptions, without geographic coordinates. We describe a method for georeferencing locality descriptions that accounts for the idiosyncrasies, sources of uncertainty, and practical maintenance requirements encountered when working with natural history collections. Each locality is described as a circle, with a point to mark the position most closely described by the locality description, and a radius to describe the maximum distance from that point within which the locality is expected to occur. The calculation of the radius takes into account aspects of the precision and specificity of the locality description, as well as the m...
CMOS Millimeter-Wave Signal Sources and Detectors

The feasibility of CMOS circuits operating at frequencies near 200 GHz has been demonstrated. A 140-GHz fundamental mode VCO in 90-nm CMOS, a 192-GHz push-push VCO in 130-nm CMOS, and a 180-GHz detector circuit in 130-nm CMOS have been demonstrated. The VCO circuits exhibit the highest fundamental and harmonic operating frequencies ever achieved by silicon integrated circuit technology.
The Invisible Cure: Africa, the West, and the Fight against AIDS

The Invisible Cure: Africa, the West, and the Fight against AIDS, by Helen Epstein. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2007. 352 pp. ISBN-13: 978-0374281526 (hbk.). US$26.00. In the absence of a ...
Swallowing Evaluation of the Patient With Head and Neck Cancer

Individuals with head and neck cancer are vulnerable to experiencing various issues with swallowing related to their tumor and the modality used to treat their cancer. The speech-language pathologi...
The Effect of Therapeutic Music Interventions on the Behavior of Hospitalized Children in Isolation: Developing a Contextual Support Model of Music Therapy

The purpose of this study was to provide preliminary data that support or negate a contextual support model of music therapy. The contextual support model of music therapy, based on Skinner and Wellborn's (1994) motivational theory of coping, argues that therapeutic music environments possess elements of structure, autonomy support, and involvement that lead children to become more actively engaged with their environment. This study examined three basic suppositions of the theory: (a) that music interventions create supportive environments, (b) that music interventions increase children's active engagement, and (c) that relationships exist between supportive environments and engaging behavior. Ten pediatric oncology patients restricted to an isolated environment participated in the study. Participants, serving as their own controls, experienced four different environmental conditions. Each condition was videotaped to facilitate collection of environmental and behavioral data. Statistical analyses of these data revealed: (a) that the music environment possessed a significantly higher frequency of environmental support elements than other activities typically experienced by hospitalized children, (b) that therapeutic music interventions elicited significantly more engaging behaviors from hospitalized children than other hospital activities, (c) that positive behavioral effects of music interventions were not maintained in hospital experiences that followed the music session, and (d) that environmental support elements were related to some positive behaviors but these behaviors were not consistent across environments.
Protein Adsorption at Interfaces Detected by Second Harmonic Generation

We show that second harmonic (SH) spectroscopy, an intrinsically surface-selective technique, can be used to monitor protein (cytochrome c) adsorption to silica surfaces and negatively charged supported phospholipid bilayers. The origin of the SH signal is due to the effect of the adsorbed protein on the water molecules polarized near the charged interface. Although the protein does not contribute its own SH signal, its binding to the glass surface or the membrane reduces the polarization of the interfacial water molecules and this effect is proportional to the adsorbed protein concentration and can be monitored with high precision, in real time. The free energy of adsorption (ΔGads = −11.8 kcal/mol) of cytochrome c to glass was determined from an adsorption isotherm measurement of the SH signal as a function of the bulk protein concentration. A detection sensitivity of 0.1 pmol/cm2 of adsorbed cytochrome c protein is readily achieved.
Social interactions in adolescent and adult Sprague–Dawley rats: Impact of social deprivation and test context familiarity

Interactions with peers become particularly important during adolescence, and age differences in social interactions have been successfully modeled in rats. To determine the impact of social deprivation on social interactions under anxiogenic (unfamiliar) or non-anxiogenic (familiar) test circumstances during ontogeny, the present study used a modified social interaction test to assess the effects of 5 days of social isolation or group housing on different components of social behavior in early [postnatal day (P) 28], mid (P35), or late (P42) adolescent and adult (P70) male and female Sprague–Dawley rats. As expected, testing in an unfamiliar environment suppressed social interactions regardless of age, housing, and sex. Social deprivation drastically enhanced all forms of social behavior in P28 animals regardless of test situation, whereas depriving older animals of social interactions had more modest effects and was restricted predominantly to play fighting—an adolescent-characteristic form of social interactions. Social investigation—more adult-typical form of social behavior was relatively resistant to isolation-induced enhancement and was elevated in early adolescent isolates only. These findings confirm that different forms of social behavior are differentially sensitive to social deprivation across ontogeny.
Effect of Gamma Irradiation of Whole Chicken Carcasses on Bacterial Loads and Fatty Acids

Broiler chickens were irradiated by Cobalt-60 at a commercial irradiation facility at dose levels of 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 kGy at 3.0°C. Regression analyses indicated more than 99% of the microbial load on the whole carcass was eliminated at doses ranging from 1.5 to 2.0 kGy. Fatty acids were not affected except for palmitic which showed a decrease and oleic acid which showed an increase. Both of those changes were significant. Results indicate gamma irradiation of chicken at 2.0 kGy or more using commercial irradiation substantially reduced bacterial loads.
On optimum illumination for channeling experiments

In experiments in which channeling effects are important, it may be desirable simultaneously to maximize the current, minimize the area of the sample that is illuminated, and, in particular, minimize the divergence of the beam. The ability to meet these incompatible conditions is limited by the source brightness. The optimum illumination in such cases is achieved by focusing the illumination on the sample. This result is, perhaps, counterintuitive and in conflict with frequently given advice “to get more parallel illumination, defocus the beam”.
Age-associated changes in Ca2+ -dependent processes: Relation to hippocampal synaptic plasticity.

Altered calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis is thought to play a key role in aging and neuropathology resulting in memory deficits. Several forms of hippocampal synaptic plasticity are dependent on Ca2+, providing a potential link between altered Ca2+ homeostasis and memory deficits associated with aging. The current study reviews evidence for Ca2+ dysregulation during aging which could interact with Ca2+-dependent synaptic plasticity. The authors suggest that changes in Ca2+ regulation could adjust the thresholds for synaptic modification, favoring processes for depression of synaptic strength during aging. Hippocampus 1997;7:602–612.
Individual differences and the use of collaborative technologies in education: an empirical investigation

This study investigated the extent to which students' participation in and satisfaction with a computer-mediated collaborative learning system was affected by their preference for autonomy and anxiety about the use of computers. The results indicated that although students varied significantly in terms of their preference for autonomy and anxiety about the use of computers, there was no significant difference in participation and satisfaction levels between low and high computer anxiety students or between those with a low preference for autonomy relative to those with a high preference for autonomy.
Increase in the constitutive innate humoral immune system in Leach's Storm-Petrel (Oceanodroma leucorhoa) chicks is negatively correlated with growth rate

1 Using a simple technique for assessing constitutive innate immune function recently adapted for use in wild populations, we characterize changes in avian immune system development by repeated measurements of individuals over the period of nestling growth in a wild population of Leach's Storm-Petrels (Oceanodroma leucorhoa). 2 We measured levels of natural antibodies (NAb) during the early, middle and late phases of storm-petrel development and related these levels and NAb rate of change to mass and wing length growth. We used natural variation in nestling growth to assess the influence of nutritional status on the development of innate immunity. 3 NAb levels increased over the first 50 days of chick development; however, rate of increase was inversely proportional to wing growth. 4 Initial titre levels were inversely proportional to rate of change in NAb levels over the first 50 days of immune development. This suggests that individuals with low initial NAb levels accelerate immune development to reach adult levels, whereas individuals with high initial levels do not. 5 As in previous studies, our results demonstrate an inverse relationship between growth rate and development of components of the avian immune system. While such a relationship is consistent with the idea that immune function development involves trade-offs, the processes involved are more complex than simple energy allocation.
Review of factors determining legumes sod-seeding outcome during pasture renovation in North America

Synthese des facteurs determinant le succes de la renovation de pâturages par semis direct de legumineuses en Amerique du NordLa renovation de pâturages via l’introduction de legumineuses par semis direct, consistant en un semis sans labour dans une prairie dominee par des graminees, est une methode qui accroit la productivite et la qualite des pâturages. En Amerique du Nord, l’utilisation de cette methode croit en popularite. Cependant, les resultats sont variables et certains problemes persistent. Les facteurs determinant le succes de la renovation de pâturages par semis direct sont presentes. Une attention particuliere est portee au role et aux effets des herbicides. Ces derniers sont generalement utilises afin de reduire la competition exercee par la vegetation residente de graminees. L’utilisation de methodes physiques (ex. : fauche ou pâture) afin de reduire l’effet competitif des graminees est presentee comme alternative a l’utilisation d’herbicide.
Management of End-stage Ankle Arthritis: Cost-utility Analysis Using Direct and Indirect Costs

Background: Total ankle replacement and ankle fusion are costly but clinically effective treatments for ankle arthritis. Prior cost-effectiveness analyses for the management of ankle arthritis have been limited by a lack of consideration of indirect costs and nonoperative management. The purpose of this study was to compare the cost-effectiveness of operative and nonoperative treatments for ankle arthritis with inclusion of direct and indirect costs in the analysis. Methods: Markov model analysis was conducted from a health-systems perspective with use of direct costs and from a societal perspective with use of direct and indirect costs. Costs were derived from the 2012 Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) and expressed in 2013 U.S. dollars; effectiveness was expressed in quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). Model transition probabilities were derived from the available literature. The principal outcome measure was the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER). Results: In the direct-cost analysis for the base case, total ankle replacement was associated with an ICER of $14,500/QALY compared with nonoperative management. When indirect costs were included, total ankle replacement was both more effective and resulted in $5900 and $800 in lifetime cost savings compared with the lifetime costs following nonoperative management and ankle fusion, respectively. At a $100,000/QALY threshold, surgical management of ankle arthritis was preferred for patients younger than ninety-six years and total ankle replacement was increasingly more cost-effective in younger patients. Total ankle replacement, ankle fusion, and nonoperative management were the preferred strategy in 83%, 12%, and 5% of the analyses, respectively; however, our model was sensitive to patient age, the direct costs of total ankle replacement, the failure rate of total ankle replacement, and the probability of arthritis after ankle fusion. Conclusions: Compared with nonoperative treatment for the management of end-stage ankle arthritis, total ankle replacement is preferred over ankle fusion; total ankle replacement is cost-saving when indirect costs are considered and demonstrates increasing cost-effectiveness in younger patients. As indications for and utilization of total ankle replacement increase, continued research is needed to define appropriate subgroups of patients who would likely derive the greatest clinical benefit from that procedure. Level of Evidence: Economic and decision analysis Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
What If... We Integrated Both Training and Monitoring Functions into Air Traffic Control Workstations

One of the unique characteristics of an ASI is the interaction and confrontation that takes place when a group of recognized experts from diverse professions are gathered for the purpose of addressing complex societal issues. This strategy was especially effective with the particular group of participants that came together at the Hotel Villa Del Mare for the 14 days of this 1990 ASI. The iterative dynamics of the group’s formal and informal contacts facilitated a comprehensive understanding of automation and the air traffic control system that would not have been possible under any other conditions. Each of the participants made valuable contributions to the existing knowledge of the issues addressed and was rewarded, in turn, with a broader perspective of the problems and potential solutions through the integration of different views. It was this integration of unique theoretical orientations with professional experience that many of us considered the most important product of the conference. Gaining new perspectives on air traffic control problems through the cross-fertilization on many disciplines — that was the real value of the ASI!
Discovering Patient Phenotypes Using Generalized Low Rank Models

The practice of medicine is predicated on discovering commonalities or distinguishing characteristics among patients to inform corresponding treatment. Given a patient grouping (hereafter referred to as a phenotype), clinicians can implement a treatment pathway accounting for the underlying cause of disease in that phenotype. Traditionally, phenotypes have been discovered by intuition, experience in practice, and advancements in basic science, but these approaches are often heuristic, labor intensive, and can take decades to produce actionable knowledge. Although our understanding of disease has progressed substantially in the past century, there are still important domains in which our phenotypes are murky, such as in behavioral health or in hospital settings. To accelerate phenotype discovery, researchers have used machine learning to find patterns in electronic health records, but have often been thwarted by missing data, sparsity, and data heterogeneity. In this study, we use a flexible framework called Generalized Low Rank Modeling (GLRM) to overcome these barriers and discover phenotypes in two sources of patient data. First, we analyze data from the 2010 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project National Inpatient Sample (NIS), which contains upwards of 8 million hospitalization records consisting of administrative codes and demographic information. Second, we analyze a small (N=1746), local dataset documenting the clinical progression of autism spectrum disorder patients using granular features from the electronic health record, including text from physician notes. We demonstrate that low rank modeling successfully captures known and putative phenotypes in these vastly different datasets.
The Positive Effects of Participative Decision Making for Midlevel Correctional Management

This study examined the effects of increased participation in decision making on perceived supervisory and organizational support among middle managers within corrections. Using data collected from 146 middle managers and structural equation modeling, the authors found that increases in participation in decision making were associated with increases in both perceived supervisor support and perceived organizational support. Furthermore, the relationship between participation in decision making and perceived organizational support was partially mediated by perceived supervisor support. The present study extends the literature by being the first examination of the relationships between participation in decision making and perceived supervisor and organizational support within corrections. It also extends the corrections literature by focusing on key individuals within corrections, middle managers, who for the most part have been ignored in the published literature. Suggestions for enhancing the involvement o...
Using Vision System Technologies for Offset Approaches in Low Visibility Operations

Flight deck-based vision systems, such as Synthetic Vision Systems (SVS) and Enhanced Flight Vision Systems (EFVS), have the potential to provide additional margins of safety for aircrew performance and enable the implementation of operational improvements for low visibility surface, arrival, and departure operations in the terminal environment with equivalent efficiency to visual operations. Twelve air transport-rated crews participated in a motion-base simulation experiment to evaluate the use of SVS/EFVS in Next Generation Air Transportation System low visibility approach and landing operations at Chicago O'Hare airport. Three monochromatic, collimated head-up display (HUD) concepts (conventional HUD, SVS HUD, and EFVS HUD) and three instrument approach types (straight-in, 3-degree offset, 15-degree offset) were experimentally varied to test the efficacy of the SVS/EFVS HUD concepts for offset approach operations. The findings suggest making offset approaches in low visibility conditions with an EFVS HUD or SVS HUD appear feasible. Regardless of offset approach angle or HUD concept being flown, all approaches had comparable ILS tracking during the instrument segment and were within the lateral confines of the runway with acceptable sink rates during the visual segment of the approach. Keywords: Enhanced Flight Vision Systems; Synthetic Vision Systems; Head-up Display; NextGen
Winecraft and chemistry in 18th-century France: Chaptal and the invention of Chaptalization.

Chaptal (J.A.C.) inventa au XVIII e siecle un procede permettant de rendre le vin moins acide, en ajoutant du sucre au mout lors de la fermentation du raisin qui n'avait pas assez muri
Voltammetric Behavior of Gold Nanotrench Electrodes

We report the fabrication and electrochemical response of a gold nanoband electrode located at the bottom of a glass/epoxy nanotrench, hereafter referred to as a gold nanotrench electrode. Gold nanotrench electrodes of 12.5 and 40 nm in width with various depths from a few tens of nanometers to approximately 4 μm are fabricated and further characterized by cyclic voltammetry. The fabrication of a Au nanotrench electrode follows a simple electrochemical etching process in which a small AC signal is applied to an inlaid Au nanoband electrode submersed in a NaCl solution. The voltammetric behavior of a Au nanotrench electrode is characterized by a quasi-steady-state response at lower scan rates (e.g., <1 V/s for a 12.5-nm-wide electrode). We present an analytical expression for the quasi-steady-state diffusion-limited current of the nanotrench electrode based upon the analysis of the mass-transport resistance. Finite-element simulation of steady-state and transient voltammetric responses of the nanotrench el...
Deconstructing the Privilege and Power of Employee Engagement Issues of Inequality for Management and Human Resource Development

The purpose of our work was to explore the job demands–resources model of engagement through the critical lens(es) of privilege and power. This deconstruction of the privilege and power of employee engagement was focused toward exploring four principal questions: Who (a) controls the context of work? (b) determines the experience of engagement? (c) defines the value of engagement? and (d) benefits from high levels of engagement? We conclude that organizations and employees both benefit from the outcomes associated with the heightened experience of employee engagement. We maintain, however, that the organization is uniquely positioned to influence systems of power and privilege that ultimately enable the conditions for engagement to flourish. Organizations desiring high levels of engagement have an obligation to confront manifestations of privilege such as unequal states of power, access, status, credibility, and normality.
Clinical Observation of Massage for Infantile Diarrhea

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of massage in the treatment of infantile diarrhea.Methods Sixty-one children with diarrhea were divided into treatment group in which 35 cases were treated by massage and control group in which 26 cases were treated by conventional western medicines,with a course of 6 days.Results The total effective rate was 94.3% in treatment group and 53.9% in control group,with a significant difference between the two groups(P0.01).Conclusion Massage therapy is effective for infantile diarrhea.
Percutaneous Cervical Diskectomy and Chemonucleolysis for Treating Cervical Disk Herniation

Objective To evaluate percutaneous cervical diskectomy (PCD) and chemonucleolysis (CNL) in treating cervical disk herniation.Materials and Methods PCD and CNL were performed in 66 patients with cervical disk herniation. The patients included 39 males and 27 females, with the age of 35～60 years (mean 53). Of the total 66 cases, myelopathic type was seen in 26, radiculopathic type in 9, vertebroarterial type in 3 and mixed type in 28. The puncture point was between the trachea and carotid vessels. Under C-arm fluoroscopic monitoring, the guide-needle, dilator and cutting aspirator were inserted into the diseased disk space. The cutting apparatus was removed when no more nucleus tissue could be aspirated. Then 600U collagenase was injected into the disk space through the dilator. Results Excellent results were obtained in 31, good results in 29 and poor results in 6 cases. Except for local bleeding of the neck occurring in 2 cases and transient “amaurosis” in one case, no other serious complications occurred.Conclusion PCD with CNL is a minimally-invasive and safe interventional technique. It carries the same principles as the lumbar diskectomy and chemonucleolysis. It can clear or relive the neurological symptoms through removing and lysing the herniated nucleus and, thus, reducing the pressure on the spinal cord and nerve root.
The Biology of Human Colon Tumor Cells in Culture

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the use of well-characterized human colonic adenocarcinoma cell lines as a model system to study cell biology and to identify neoantigens associated with the disease. The number of human colorectal tumor cell lines that display various neoplastic properties has risen dramatically in the past 10 years. Genetic identification of cell lines and continuous monitoring of their integrity can be achieved with two methods, namely, allozyme phenotyping and human leukocyte antigen identification. The relationship between an antigenic determinant recognized by a monoclonal antibody and that recognized by immune lymphoid cells has been investigated using a method developed to generate cytotoxic mouse T cells in vitro . In vitro models have been developed to study the biology of colorectal tumor cells. Only cell systems that retain and display properties of the disease are useful as models.
Burning Down the Silos: Integrating new perspectives from the social sciences into human behavior in fire research.

Summary The traditional social science disciplines can provide many benefits to the field of human behavior in fire (HBiF). First, the social sciences delve further into insights only marginally examined by HBiF researchers, in turn, expanding the depth of HBiF research. In this paper, I present examples of studies from the fields of social psychology and sociology that would expand HBiF research into non-engineering or ‘unobservable’ aspects of behavior during a fire event. Second, the social sciences can provide insight into new areas of research; in turn, expanding the scope of HBiF research. In this section, I introduce pre and post-fire studies and explore potential research questions that fall outside of the response period of a fire, the phase upon which, most focus is currently placed. Third, the social sciences elucidate the value of research methods available to study human behavior. Qualitative research methods are specifically highlighted. These three benefits will allow HBiF researchers to collect a wider range of data, further develop and expand current behavioral knowledge, and increase the impact of this research for both social and engineering applications. Finally, I end with a discussion on possible ways to better integrate the social sciences within human behavior in fire. Published 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
The Mechanism of Phosphoryl Transfer

Our intent in this chapter is to present an abbreviated but inclusive description of the probable transition states involved in phosphoryl-transfer reactions as elucidated by physical organic studies. A number of critical, extensive reviews on particular aspects of this topic have recently appeared.(1–9) Probable modes of catalysis will be delineated particularly in relation to their anticipated involvement in biological phosphoryl transfer.
Silicification of the medial tooth in the blue crab Callinectes sapidus.

Observations of cuticular structures mineralized with silica within the Crustacea have been limited to the opal teeth of copepods, mandibles of amphipods, and recently the teeth of the gastric mill in the blue crab Callinectes sapidus. Copepod teeth are deposited during premolt, with sequential elaboration of organic materials followed by secretion of silica into the tooth mold. The timing of mineralization is in stark contrast to that of the general integument of crustaceans in which calcification is completely restricted to the postmolt period. To determine the timing of molt-related deposition and silicification of the teeth of the gastric mill, the medial tooth of the blue crab C. sapidus was examined histologically and ultrastructurally across the molt cycle. Histological data revealed deposition of the organic matrix of the epicuticle and exocuticle during premolt. No evidence of postmolt changes in the thickness of the epicuticle and exocuticle, or any deposition of endocuticle, was observed. Scanning electron microscopy revealed degradation of the outer surface of the old tooth during premolt. During premolt, epithelial structures resembling papilla appeared to secrete a fibrous web that coalesces to become the matrix of the new tooth. Semi-quantitative elemental analyses indicated simultaneous deposition of silica and organic matrix, and demonstrated a homogeneous distribution of silicon throughout the epicuticle of the tooth at all stages. However, there is evidence of deposition (presumably silicification) during postmolt as spaces between the papillae become filled in. Thus, the pattern and timing of deposition and silicification of the tooth are different from both teeth of copepods and the general exoskeleton of decapods, and may facilitate rapid resumption of feeding and consumption of the exuvia in early postmolt. J. Morphol., 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
“Power to the people”: Sociopolitics and the archaeology of black Americans

This article is concerned with the sociopolitics of African-American archaeology. The intent here is to prompt archaeologists to think more about how our research affects black Americans today, and therefore why it is necessary that they be encouraged to take an interest in archaeological endeavors. The success or failure of our attempts to establish ties with black communities depends on us. The main emphases of this article are, therefore, focused on raising our level of awareness to the challenges we face, and increasing understanding as to the variable histories and perspectives that the diverse and knowledgeable black American public possesses and will hopefully share with archaeologists.
Prospective Analysis of Behavioral Economic Predictors of Stable Moderation Drinking Among Problem Drinkers Attempting Natural Recovery

Background As interventions have expanded beyond clinical treatment to include brief interventions for persons with less severe alcohol problems, predicting who can achieve stable moderation drinking has gained importance. Recent behavioral economic (BE) research on natural recovery has shown that active problem drinkers who allocate their monetary expenditures on alcohol and saving for the future over longer time horizons tend to have better subsequent recovery outcomes, including maintenance of stable moderation drinking. This study compared the predictive utility of this money-based “Alcohol-Savings Discretionary Expenditure” (ASDE) index with multiple BE analogue measures of behavioral impulsivity and self-control, which have seldom been investigated together, to predict outcomes of natural recovery attempts. Methods Community-dwelling problem drinkers, enrolled shortly after stopping abusive drinking without treatment, were followed prospectively for up to a year (N = 175 [75.4% male], M age = 50.65 years). They completed baseline assessments of preresolution drinking practices and problems, analogue behavioral choice tasks (Delay Discounting, Melioration-Maximization, and Alcohol Purchase Tasks), and a Timeline Followback interview including expenditures on alcohol compared to voluntary savings (ASDE index) during the preresolution year. Results Multinomial logistic regression models showed that, among the BE measures, only the ASDE index predicted stable moderation drinking compared to stable abstinence or unstable resolutions involving relapse. As hypothesized, stable moderation was associated with more balanced preresolution allocations to drinking and savings (odds ratio = 1.77, 95% confidence interval = 1.02 to 3.08, p < 0.05), suggesting it is associated with longer-term behavior regulation processes than abstinence. Conclusions The ASDE's unique predictive utility may rest on its comprehensive representation of contextual elements to support this patterning of behavioral allocation. Stable low-risk drinking, but not abstinence, requires such regulatory processes.
HOME TELEHEALTH REDUCES ADVERSE OUTCOMES IN HEART FAILURE

Background: Heart failure (HF) is one of the leading causes of hospitalizations in the U.S. Whether remote monitoring utilizing home telehealth (HT) reduces outcomes in HF is not clear. Methods: We examined the effects of HT on outcomes in a cohort (n=197) of patients enrolled in HT in the Veterans
Providing Social Services in a New Immigrant Settlement City: A Qualitative Inquiry

Nationally, a new trend in migration has included the settlement of Latina/o immigrants in cities without an established community of Latinas/os. Social services become even more salient in this context in the absence of informal social networks of support. This study, guided by social ecological theory, advances our limited understanding of social services in new immigrant settlement destinations by elucidating contextual and structural factors endemic to the social service delivery process in these new immigrant destinations. Twenty-nine social service providers who work with Latina/o immigrants in Baltimore were interviewed and Consensual Qualitative Research (CQR; Hill, Thompson, & Nutt Williams, 1997) methods were used to analyze data through consensus and the use of multiple data "auditors." Findings extend our understanding of the context of social services in a new immigrant settlement city by identifying qualitative factors related to the new immigrant settlement, organization and work, community, and client level that impact access and quality of services. A theoretically driven conceptual framework adapted from the Structural Environmental conceptual framework (Organista, 2007) is also proposed to explain the transactional interconnectedness among structural-, environmental-, and client-level factors in the social service delivery process. (PsycINFO Database Record
History, Harms, and Prevalence of Metal Theft

This chapter provides a primer on metals by identifying the differences between precious metals, ferrous metals, and non-ferrous metals (e.g., copper). It examines the historical circumstances that resulted in the dramatic rise in copper value coupled with the worldwide economic depression, which made recycling metal lucrative and thus spurred the increase in metal theft. The prevalence or rate of metal theft is examined through insurance claims data and data garnered by two cities that track instances of metal theft. These resources are currently the only known empirical study of metal theft rates in the United States. Finally, the chapter examines the direct and indirect costs and harms associated with metal theft on individuals, groups, and governments, finding significant costs beyond the loss of the metal.
IS THERE A 'GAAP GAP'? A POLITICO-ECONOMIC MODEL OF MUNICIPAL ACCOUNTING POLICY

Positive accounting theory suggests jurisdictions will meet their stakeholders’ financial information needs at the lowest possible cost, and current accounting policy will change if it does not accomplish that objective. This paper examines the breadth of stakeholders who are associated with accounting policy. We use multivariate methods to determine which among a group of potential users including taxpayers, interest groups, local government managers, the municipal credit market, and other governmental entities are correlated with accounting policy among municipal governments in Illinois. The results suggest one particular stakeholder - the municipal credit market - is an important determinant of the use of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP). The analysis shows that professionalism, history, and administrative capacity are also associated with a municipality’s accounting policy.
Collaborative Treatment of Disruptive and Mood Disorders

In the past few decades, the treatment of psychological disorders has changed. While psychotherapy was once regarded as the treatment of choice for most ­psychological disorders, the use of psychotropic medications has now become commonplace. Although psychological research literature continues to suggest that some psychotherapeutic treatments are at least equally as effective as medications (for example, see Hollon, Thase, & Markowitz, 2002), many factors (for example, economic) propel the continued growth of the use of medications.
“Connect,” Log It, Track It, Go! Techne—Not Technology—and Embodiment to Achieve Phronesis in Exercise Promotion

ABSTRACTGiven the rise in obesity and the positive exercise effects in curbing obesity levels, exercise promoters are expected to use technological applications—social media and fitness applications—in their exercise motivational programs. The purpose of this article is to critique the use of social media and fitness apps as both ineffective and potentially harmful. An alternative approach is proposed where phronesis (practical wisdom) in exercise participation can be achieved via physical and cognitive mastery of the action for its own sake (real techne-art, embodiment). Emphasizing exercise outcomes (e.g., energy expenditure) captured by external devices distracts from embodied and phronetic action. Drawing on the philosophies of phronesis, techne, and embodiment, exercise promoters should emphasize embodied exercise experiences via mastery of action, social interactions, and connectedness to nature. They should target real action in real communities, and not emotionless and meaningless online forums ab...
Predicting Large Deflections of Multiplate Fuel Elements Using a Monolithic FSI Approach

AbstractAs part of the Global Threat Reduction Initiative, the Oak Ridge National Laboratory is evaluating conversion of fuel for the High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR) from high-enriched uranium to ...
Between The Acts : Virginia Woolf’s Modern Allegory

The standard definition of allegory, according to Joel Fineman in his essay “The Structure of Allegorical Desire”, is embodied in Quintilian’s statement, “Allegory (is) what happens when a single metaphor is introduced in continuous series”. (Allegory and Representation, p. 30) Then, using Roman Jakobson’s amplification that “allegory would be the poetical projection of a metaphoric axis onto the metonymic” (p. 31), Fineman emphasizes the relationship between metaphor and metonymy: at certain points in the structuring of the continuous metaphor, interactions with other metaphors or symbols create further suggestions which lead to a sequence of related meanings, a metonymy of development. Using this formula, the points of interaction create revelations, leading to other revelations, and we have allegory.
Vanishing of hyperelliptic L-functions at the central point

Abstract We obtain a lower bound on the number of quadratic Dirichlet L-functions over the rational function field which vanish at the central point s = 1 / 2 . This is in contrast with the situation over the rational numbers, where a conjecture of Chowla predicts there should be no such L-functions. The approach is based on the observation that vanishing at the central point can be interpreted geometrically, as the existence of a map to a fixed abelian variety from the hyperelliptic curve associated to the character.
Complications in pediatric intestine transplantation in the absence of peri-operative donor or recipient bowel decontamination

This study reports the clinical complication and infection rates of an active pediatric IT program that has never utilized bowel decontamination in either the donor or the recipient. All patients undergoing IT from 2003 to 2015 at a single pediatric IT center were reviewed. Post-transplant surgical, infectious, and immunosuppressive complications are reported. There were 52 patients who underwent IT during the study period. Among these patients, 4% developed a postoperative abscess, one developed an enteric fistula (2%), and one had an enteric or anastomotic leak (2%). The rate of any bacterial infection was 90% in the first year, with a wound infection rate of 23%. Any fungal infection occurred in 25% of patients. Any viral infection occurred in 75% of patients. Gastrointestinal viruses were diagnosed in 52% of patients, and cytomegalovirus infections occurred in 17%. Rejection rates were 39% at any time post-transplant (isolated 44% and 35% for multivisceral patients). At this center in which no bowel decontamination was used, rates of surgical complications, infections, and rejection were similar to those reported by other centers. These findings suggest bowel decontamination may provide no significant benefit in this population of high-risk transplant patients.
Mindful Awareness as a Method of Christian Scripture Meditation among Empathic Korean Mothers in South Korea

This project is intended to examine the current phenomena, known as mindful awareness, from a Christian perspective. The purpose of this study was to explore how Christian Scripture meditation was ...
Dynamics of binocular fixation of targets during fore-aft motion.

Abstract: When subjects move in the fore-aft direction, version and vergence are generated through the linear vestibulo-ocular reflex (lVOR) and pursuit systems to maintain binocular fixation. While the dynamics of pursuit and the lVOR have been studied for monocular gaze, the frequencies over which these systems operate to maintain binocular fixation are not known. The frequency characteristics of pursuit and the lVOR and their interaction were determined in two monkeys that were trained to fixate targets at vertical, lateral, and oblique positions on a computer screen. Animals were oscillated at 0.05 Hz to 4 Hz along their naso-occipital axes while fixating the targets (lVOR+pursuit). Animals were also stationary and fixated targets on the screen moving horizontally, vertically, or obliquely over ≈3° at various frequencies up to 1 Hz (pursuit). Eye movements were recorded with dual scleral search coils, and Fick angles were computed for each eye and compared to target positions. When animals pursued targets moving on the screen at low frequencies (0.05 Hz−0.5 Hz), the gains were close to unity, and the eyes were in-phase with the target. Pursuit gains decreased to ≈0.5 and phases lagged by ≈35° as the frequencies of target oscillation increased above ≈0.5 Hz. When fixating the targets during fore-aft oscillation (lVOR+pursuit), the gain was close to 1.0, and phases were within 10°−15° for frequencies up to 3 Hz. Thus, although pursuit alone does not contribute to visual following at higher frequencies, the interaction of binocular pursuit and the lVOR supported accurate binocular fixation for frequencies up to 3 Hz.
Prevention of radiogenic side effects using glutamine-enriched elemental diets.

In work from our laboratory we have demonstrated that the provision of a glutamine-enriched diet before or after whole abdominal radiation has a radioprotective effect. A major side effect of abdominal and pelvic radiation is injury to the bowel. Radiation enteritis affects a significant number of patients and is associated with complications such as bloody diarrhea, bowel perforation, and stricture whicy may increase mortality. The mucosal injury is characterized by destruction of proliferative crypt cells, a decrease in villous height, and ulceration of the gut mucosa. The morbidity, mortality, and cost associated with treatment of the complications of radiation enteritis are substantial, and thus any therapy that would protect the gut from radiation injury or accelerate healing of the radiated gut and/or decrease complications would be beneficial.
Welcome to My Home! An Empirical Analysis of Airbnb Supply in US Cities:

We propose a conceptual framework to investigate factors influencing the supply of Airbnb units in US urban communities. Based on a sample of Airbnb supply data from 1068 zip codes in 28 major US c...
Rates of convergence of α-stable random motions

The rate-of-convergence problem in the central limit theorem is considered for α-stable distributions on the noncommutative group of motions in ℝd. The method used here is based on the theory of probability metrics.