cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Global Cities and Circuits of Global Labor: The Case of Manila, Philippines

The ‘global city’ concept has captured the attention of geographers and other social scientists. Research focuses predominantly on capital mobility and the important managerial role exerted by cities in the ‘developed’ realm (i.e., New York, London, Tokyo). The mobility of labor is also important and yet has been neither critically conceptualized nor sufficiently analyzed in existing studies of global cities. Using the Philippines as a case study, I examine 1) how global circuits of labor are socially organized, and 2) the extent to which this social organization is spatially concentrated in Manila. In so doing, I reaffirm the critical role played by Third World cities as global cities.
Disruption of dendritic translation of CaMKIIα impairs stabilization of synaptic plasticity and memory consolidation

Abstract Local protein translation in dendrites could be a means for delivering synaptic proteins to their sites of action, perhaps in a spatially regulated fashion that could contribute to plasticity. To directly test the functional role of dendritic translation of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIα (CaMKIIα) in vivo, we mutated the endogenous gene to disrupt the dendritic localization signal in the mRNA. In this mutant mouse, the protein-coding region of CaMKIIα is intact, but mRNA is restricted to the soma. Removal of dendritic mRNA produced a dramatic reduction of CaMKIIα in postsynaptic densities (PSDs), a reduction in late-phase long-term potentiation (LTP), and impairments in spatial memory, associative fear conditioning, and object recognition memory. These results demonstrate that local translation is important for synaptic delivery of the kinase and that local translation contributes to synaptic and behavioral plasticity.
Mass transport on adsorbate multilayers studied by surface plasmon polariton wave excitation

Abstract We excited surface-plasmon polariton waves (SPPW) on Cu(111) by coupling a monochromatic optical beam with a xenon multilayer thickness grating on the metal. The SPPW excitation was detected with an angle-resolved oblique-incidence reflectivity difference technique (OI-RD). The amplitude of the resonance OI-RD signal was a quadratic function of the grating modulation depth. By monitoring the decay of the resonance OI-RD signal as a function of time and temperature, we were able to study the mass transport of xenon that plays a key role in the annealing of a “rough” Xe multilayer crystalline film.
The Narrative Function of Markan Intercalation

Markan intercalation has been recognized in the scholarly literature for more than sixty years. It is a literary technique in which one Markan story is begun but is then interrupted by another. After the conclusion of this ‘inner’ story the first story is rejoined and completed. The majority of investigators of this storytelling pattern agree that it occurs at least six times in Mark as follows:
Embedded Professional Development and Classroom-Based Early Reading Intervention: Early Diagnostic Reading Intervention Through Coaching

The purpose of the current mixed-methods study was to investigate a model of professional development and classroom-based early reading intervention implemented by the 1st-grade teaching team in a large urban/suburban school district in the southeastern United States. The intervention provided teachers with ongoing embedded professional development through coaching based on an instructional framework of diagnostic strategies designed to promote struggling students' accelerated reading progress. Ten teachers participated along with 45 students (29 intervention students and 16 comparison students). Student-level data sources included Letter-Word Identification, Word Attack, Spelling of Sounds, and Passage Comprehension measures. Teacher-level data sources included semistructured interviews with each teacher at the beginning, middle, and end of the intervention; documents for review; and pre/post questionnaires to gather information about teachers' self-efficacy and demographics. The main conclusions are as ...
Specific interaction of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase with the 5'-nontranslated RNA of hepatitis A virus.

Initiation of translation of hepatitis A virus (HAV) RNA occurs by internal entry and is likely to involve the interaction of trans-acting cellular protein factors with cis-acting structural elements of an internal ribosomal entry segment (IRES) within the 5′-nontranslated RNA. To characterize interactions between African green monkey kidney (BS-C-1) cell proteins and the predicted stem-loop IIIa (nucleotides 155–235) located at the 5′ border of the HAV IRES, we utilized an electrophoresis mobility shift assay (EMSA) to identify a 39-kDa RNA-binding protein (p39). Amino-terminal amino acid sequencing of highly purified p39 revealed absolute identity with human glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). The identity of p39 as simian GAPDH was further confirmed by antigenic and biochemical similarities between p39 and human GAPDH. Analysis of the RNA binding properties of simian GAPDH revealed that this cellular protein interacts with two additional sites in the HAV 5′-nontranslated RNA, one located between nucleotides 1–148 and the other between nucleotides 597–746. Competitive EMSAs also demonstrated that GAPDH and human polypyrimidine tract-binding protein, a putative picornavirus translation initiation factor, compete with each other for binding to stem-loop IIIa, suggesting that the relative cytoplasmic abundance of GAPDH and polypyrimidine tract-binding protein in individual cell-types may be an important determinant of viral translation activity. Human GAPDH was found to destabilize the folded structure of the stem-loop IIIa RNA based upon observed decreases in the circular dichroism spectra of this RNA following binding of the protein. This RNA helix-destabilizing activity of GAPDH could directly influence IRES-dependent translation and/or replication of picornavirus RNA.
Flavin‐sensitized photodecomposition of anilines and phenols

Riboflavin, a known photosensitizer, when initially added at 5 mm to solutions of added phenols or anilines (structurally related to common environmental contaminants) greatly accelerated the rate of their loss in the presence of light. The sensitized photolysis rates increased in the absence of oxygen, suggesting a mechanism involving direct energy or electron transfer between flavin excited states and acceptor molecules. A preliminary kinetic model was developed to calculate loss rates. Riboflavin itself was rapidly converted in aqueous solution by Pyrex-filtered mercury arc light to products that had variable efficiencies as sensitizers.
Recent Developments In PLZT Electrooptic Shutters

PLZT electrooptic shutters utilized as thermal/flash protective devices (TFPD) are currently under development by Sandia Laboratories for the USAF Life Support System Program Office at Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio and the U. S. Army Natick Laboratories, Natick, Massachusetts. The PLZT/TFPD is being developed to provide protection for aircrews and vehicle operators from temporary flashblindness effects and permanent retinal burns which may result from exposure to the brilliant flash of a nuclear detonation. The operational characteristics of PLZT electrooptic shutters is briefly described, and several applications are presented. Some of the recent developments in PLZT electro-optic shutter design are also described, with emphasis on a new approach for applying interdigital electrodes to polished PLZT wafers, techniques for bonding and mounting PLZT lens assemblies, and recent improvements in the efficiency of sheet polarizers.
Advances in Chemoprevention of Head and Neck Cancer

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is a devastating disease with a poor outcome in advanced stages, accounting for approximately 3% of all malignancies, with an estimated 37,200 new cases and 11,000 deaths annually in the U.S. Second primary tumors are estimated to occur at an annual rate of 3%-10% and are significant threats to long-term survivors. Chemoprevention is an appealing strategy, and its success has been demonstrated in breast cancer and familial adenomatous polyposis. High-dose retinoids have been shown to be active against oral premalignant lesions and in prevention of second primary tumors in the head and neck. New targets include the epidermal growth factor receptor, cyclooxygenase-2, and other molecular targets. Challenges in future head and neck cancer chemoprevention investigations include achieving long-lasting efficacy with retinoids and/or new agents, and determining the optimal dose and duration of therapy while maintaining acceptable toxicities. The Oncologist 2004;9:302-311
The Relationships of Adiponectin with Insulin and Lipids Are Strengthened with Increasing Adiposity

Context: Adipose tissue inflammation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of obesity-related comorbidities. Adiponectin, an antiinflammatory protein, improves insulin sensitivity and lipid levels systemically. Because adiponectin is secreted by adipocytes, it may also act locally to counteract insulin resistance and dyslipidemia worsened by inflammation. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine whether associations between adiponectin and insulin sensitivity and lipids are stronger with increasing adiposity. Design: This cross-sectional study involved participants in The Princeton School District Study. Setting: The study was conducted in the Princeton City schools (Cincinnati, OH) during the 2001–2002 school year. Participants: A total of 1196 non-Hispanic White and Black students in grades 5–12 participated. Main Outcome Measure: The relationships between adiponectin and high-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, and insulin were measured. To test our hypothesis, we: 1) compared correlation an...
Factors related to successful upper extremity prosthetic use

Surveys from 40 upper extremity amputees were analyzed to examine factors related to successful use of an upper extremity prosthesis. Factors which were associated with successful rehabilitation were fewer than two complicating factors, completion of high school education, employment at both the time of amputation and review, rapid return to work, acceptance of the amputation by the time of this review, and perception that the prosthesis was expensive. Factors which appeared unrelated to prosthetic success were age, loss of dominant hand, loss of elbow, marital status, use of rehabilitation services, use of a temporary prosthesis, and whether training in prosthetic use was provided. Many of these factors concurred with earlier studies. Previously unreported factors that may be of importance to the long-term success of upper limb amputees are the number of complicating factors and perceptions about the monetary value of the prosthesis.
A game-theoretic approach to energy-efficient power control in multicarrier CDMA systems

A game-theoretic model for studying power control in multicarrier code-division multiple-access systems is proposed. Power control is modeled as a noncooperative game in which each user decides how much power to transmit over each carrier to maximize its own utility. The utility function considered here measures the number of reliable bits transmitted over all the carriers per joule of energy consumed and is particularly suitable for networks where energy efficiency is important. The multidimensional nature of users' strategies and the nonquasi-concavity of the utility function make the multicarrier problem much more challenging than the single-carrier or throughput-based-utility case. It is shown that, for all linear receivers including the matched filter, the decorrelator, and the minimum-mean-square-error detector, a user's utility is maximized when the user transmits only on its "best" carrier. This is the carrier that requires the least amount of power to achieve a particular target signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio at the output of the receiver. The existence and uniqueness of Nash equilibrium for the proposed power control game are studied. In particular, conditions are given that must be satisfied by the channel gains for a Nash equilibrium to exist, and the distribution of the users among the carriers at equilibrium is characterized. In addition, an iterative and distributed algorithm for reaching the equilibrium (when it exists) is presented. It is shown that the proposed approach results in significant improvements in the total utility achieved at equilibrium compared with a single-carrier system and also to a multicarrier system in which each user maximizes its utility over each carrier independently
A Hierarchy Of Russian Writing Assignments

This article examines the implications of the ACTFL Provisional Proficiency Guidelines for the writing curriculum. It argues that the functions identified in the Guidelines should be practiced in writing as well as in speech. The issue of error correction technique is discussed and examples of writing assignments that elicit advanced-level functions (narration and description) are included.
A new terrain mapping method for mobile robots obstacle negotiation

This paper introduces a new terrain mapping method for mobile robots with a 2-D laser rangefinder. In the proposed method, an elevation map and a certainty map are built and used for the filtering of erroneous data. The filter, called Certainty Assisted Spatial (CAS) filter, first employs the physical constraints on motion continuity and spatial continuity to distinguish corrupted pixels (e.g., due to artifacts, random noise, or the "mixed pixels" effect) and missing data from uncorrupted pixels in an elevation map. It then removes the corrupted pixels and missing data, while missing data is filled in by a Weighted Median filter. Uncorrupted pixels are left intact so as to retain edges of objects. Our extensive indoor and outdoor mapping experiments demonstrate that the CAS filter has better performance in erroneous data reduction and map detail preservation than existing filters.
Analysis of LPC/DFT features for an HMM-based alphadigit recognizer

The search for better and more robust performance of speech recognition systems is ongoing. Much of the improvement is likely to come from better acoustic feature analysis. The results from a significant experiment are reported; these show how a warped-DFT analysis outperforms an LPC-cepstral analysis in a significant way, supporting results by other researchers for different recognition tasks. An analysis of nasal-letter performance is used to show the development of the warped-DFT feature analysis.
An electron microscopic demonstration of induction of chondrogenesis in neonatal rat muscle outgrowth cells in monolayer cultures.

Second passage fibroblast-like cells grown from explants of neonatal rat muscle continue to demonstrate fibroblast-like properties for many days when cultured on plastic surfaces. Such cells can be induced to change to a chondrocyte-like mode of expression by the addition of effector materials prepared from bovine cortical bone decalcified with 0.6 NHCl. Other studies show that similar demineralized bone particles and extracts from them have, in vivo, osteoinductive properties. Optimum conditions for this differentiation in monolayer culture were found in the use of 2% fetal calf serum with Dulbecco's modified Eagles medium. At 10% fetal calf serum the chondrogenic changes could not be detected. Light microscopy showed a sequence of morphological changes, after 36 h in culture, which resembled those seen at the beginning of osteogenesis in vivo Induced cultures showed abundant extracellular proteoglycan production. Isotope incorporation studies showed stimulation of glycosaminoglycan synthesis in response...
Adaptive estimation and accommodation of loss of control effectiveness using a Lyapunov method

A Lyapunov approach is used to design regulators for systems subject to loss of control effectiveness. Control effectiveness factors are used to quantify faults entering control systems through actuators. An adaptive Kalman filtering algorithm is used to estimate the state as well as the amount of reduction of control effectiveness in a closed-loop setting. The state estimate is fed back to achieve the steady state regulation, while the control effectiveness estimate is used for the online tuning of the control law. The resulting regulator is guaranteed to be stable when the estimation error is sufficiently small. An aircraft longitudinal model is used to demonstrate the use of the Lyapunov method.
Ecological Aspects of Equestrian Adaptations in Aboriginal North America

Considerable attention has been given by anthropologists, including ethnohistorians, to the impact of domesticated horse use on aboriginal societies in western North America. The spatial and temporal distribution of horses, as well as variation in herd size, has traditionally been explained within a cultural diffusionist or historical particularist paradigm. It is argued here that not only has such an approach failed to account for the distribution and abundance of horses, but it also has proven to be an unproductive research strategy. An ecologically based explanatory model is presented that accounts for 65% of the observed variability in aboriginal horse herd size(s). An explanation of variability in horse numbers and horse-to-person ratios is essential if anthropologists seek to better understand equestrian adaptations. [equestrian adaptations, horse ecology, Plains-Basin-Plateau ethnology]
Procoagulant alveolar microparticles in the lungs of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome

Coagulation and fibrinolysis abnormalities are observed in acute lung injury (ALI) in both human disease and animal models and may contribute to ongoing inflammation in the lung. Tissue factor (TF)...
Learning Goals of AACSB-Accredited Undergraduate Business Programs: Predictors of Conformity versus Differentiation.

Learning goals are central to assurance of learning. Yet little is known about what goals are used by business programs or how they are established. On the one hand, business schools are encouraged to develop their own unique learning goals. However, business schools also face pressures that would encourage conformity by adopting goals used by others. The authors examined the extent to which learning goals of business programs are unique versus similar. Their evidence suggests business schools adopt goals that are quite similar. Public schools and lower ranked schools were more likely to demonstrate such conformity. The implications of goal similarity are discussed for management education and assurance of learning.
OTC Trading: Description of Non-ATS OTC Trading in National Market System Stocks

This paper provides general information on non-ATS over-the-counter (OTC) trading of NMS stocks. Press articles and academic research dealing with OTC trading tend to focus on ATSs rather than the larger share of off-exchange trading that occurs outside of ATSs This study provides general information on non-ATS OTC trading of NMS stocks and reveals a number of stylized facts. I estimate that 16.99% of NMS dollar volume (18.75% of share volume) executes OTC without the involvement of an ATS. I estimate my subsample of Retail OTC MMs execute 37.23% of this dollar volume (39.93% of share volume). During my sample week, 255 broker-dealers report non-ATS OTC trading activity.
Five Fundamental requirements For motivation and volition in technology-assisted distributed learning environments*

Tem sido realizados muitos estudos investigando as diferencas entre os varios tipos de ambientes de aprendizagem a distância, incluindo a aprendizagem presencial, no que diz respeito a motivacao dos aprendizes. Mas, o que muitas vezes nao e levado em consideracao e que os requisitos fundamentais para motivar os aprendizes e para ajuda-los a persistir ate que suas metas sejam atingidas sao os mesmos para todos os tipos de ambientes de aprendizagem. Os meios pelos quais esses requisitos sao preenchidos podem diferir, mas os principios subjacentes sao os mesmos e servem para guiar tanto a pesquisa quanto a pratica. Este artigo apresenta cinco requisitos fundamentais, ou principios, derivados da sintese de uma pesquisa sobre motivacao e persistencia. Os fundamentos teoricos desses requisitos sao descritos em conjunto com a pesquisa que sustenta sua validade conceitual. Alem disso, o artigo apresenta alguns estudos e pesquisas aplicadas atuais e recentes que contribuem para a validade mista preditiva dos principios, ou seja, estudos demonstrando que, se os principios sao seguidos, ha melhoras na motivacao e na aprendizagem.
The Role of the U.S. Department of Labor in Immigration

Prior to December 1, 1965, there was no " labor certification " requirement for alien workers wanting to immigrate to the United States for the purpose of employment. They were generally free to come into the country, within quota and other limitations, unless the U. S. Department of Labor took some specific action to prevent their entry. Since December 1, 1965, a certification by the Secretary of Labor has been required for each immigrant worker, attesting: (1) that there are not sufficient workers in the United States who are able, willing, qualified, and available at the time of application for a visa and admission to the United States and at the place to which the alien is designed to perform such skilled or unskilled labor; and (2) that the employment of such alien will not adversely affect the wages and working conditions of workers in the United States similarly employed. This provision is contained in section 212(a)(14) of the Immigration and Nationality Act and is popularly referred to as the " labor certification " provision. Alien workers who seek immigrant status under the 3rd preference, 6th preference, non-preference, or Western Hemisphere categories must obtain a labor certification. The primary responsibility is placed upon the prospective immigrant to obtain a labor certification from the Secretary of Labor before the issuance of an immigrant visa. In many cases, prospective immigrants do seek out employers in order that they may qualify for an immigrant visa. But there is another aspect to this.
Seattle Center Monorail Train Refurbishment Program

Long the iconic transportation symbol of Seattle, the monorail system was constructed for the 1962 World’s Fair. Seattle’s monorail vehicles were the last and most technically advanced vehicles designed and built by the firm of Alweg-Forschung, GmbH (Alweg) of Cologne, Germany. The primary train operating systems and components were supplied by major US transit system equipment vendors of that era, including G.E., WABCO, and Rockwell. The two, 4-car train’s original layout and function generally conformed to US transit rail equipment standards and design practices of the early 1960s. However, during 45-years of near-continuous, revenue operation that included upgrades, piecemeal refurbishment projects and accident/incident repairs, many changes were made to the original design with varying levels of success and documentation. In 2007, a small team of Seattle Monorail staff and consultants identified the vehicle systems and components that were most urgently in need of replacement or overhaul given the limited funding and time available for completion of design work, preparation of contractor bid documentation and construction. Project funding was primarily via a grant from the Federal Transit Administration (FTA), supplemented by the City of Seattle. The historical significance of the Seattle Monorail was at the center of the refurbishment program, with great care in functional design, aesthetics and construction being exercised throughout the program until completion in 2010. The modernization included the installation and integration of: communications-based train control; programmable logic controllers (PLC’s) for auxiliary systems; redundancy and interlocking of key safety-related components; streamlined controls that lead to significant weight savings and increased reliability; modern components to address ADA compliance; and ergonomic Driver Cabs. This report discusses the Seattle Center Monorail Refurbishment Program given the unique opportunity to modernize two historic pieces of transportation rolling stock that is anticipated to run in revenue service for the next 45 years.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Wi-Fi-LAA coexistence: Design and evaluation of Listen Before Talk for LAA

With licensed spectrum at a premium, recent interest has shifted to investigating the possibility of utilizing unlicensed bands as a means of providing additional bandwidth. License assisted access (LAA) and Long Term Evolution-Unlicensed (LTE-U) are radio access technologies (RATs) aimed at providing carrier-grade wireless service in the 5 GHz unlicensed spectrum. Since Wi-Fi devices are widespread in the unlicensed space, it is important to ensure that any new technology deployed coexists fairly with Wi-Fi and other preexisting technologies that already occupy this space. At the heart of the Wi-Fi-LAA coexistence problem is the difference in channel access mechanisms for these two technologies; Wi-Fi is a contention based channel access scheme, while Long Term Evolution (LTE) is schedule-based. As a result, introducing an LTE system as is into the Wi-Fi space would likely result in LAA gradually taking over the channel and starving Wi-Fi of access. In this paper we focus on schemes to address this very issue. In particular, we will focus on various design aspects of Listen Before Talk (LBT) schemes for LAA that aim to emulate the contention based scheme in Wi-Fi as a means of providing equal opportunity channel access for both of these technologies. We consider and evaluate the impact of various design aspects on fairness through several key performance metrics. Our simulation results demonstrate that LBT when applied to LTE can ensure good Wi-Fi-LAA coexistence.
A hinged prosthetic cardiac valve fabricated of rigid components. Experimental evaluations in vitro and in vivo.

Summary A prosthetic cardiac valve was designed that consisted of an annular valve body and a disc that pivoted about an eccentric hinge mechanism. The valve was compact and durable. The pressure gradient across the valve was approximately half of that associated with a ball valve of comparable diameter. Visualization of the flow patterns showed that flow through the major orifice was laminar, while that through the minor orifice was turbulent. The valve was implanted in the tricuspid position in 9 calves. Tissue growth around the valve body was a major problem in the first group of animals, but anticoagulation, hinge modification, and the use of a standard Starr-Edwards mitral sewing ring improved results in later implantations.
Mixing and sink effects of air purifiers on indoor PM2.5 concentrations: A pilot study of eight residential homes in Fresno, California

ABSTRACTWe measured real-time and integrated PM2.5 inside eight occupied single-family homes in Fresno, California to evaluate how turbulent air mixing and pollutant removal caused by a filter-based air purifier influences the levels of fine particles in everyday indoor environments. In each home, we used a real-time monitor to log PM2.5 levels every 5 min over 12 weeks during which air purifiers were operating, except for a designed 3-day shutdown period for baseline measurements. We assessed how the operation of air purifiers changed the patterns of the frequency distributions for short-term (5 min) concentrations, which included spikes produced by sporadic indoor activities or emissions. This allowed us to examine the reduction effectiveness of air purifiers on concentrations of both recently emitted and well-mixed background aerosols. We observed a systematic change in the 5-min PM2.5 distributions in different homes—while air purifiers reduced 96% of the 5-min concentrations, they increased the magni...
The Population Dimension: The Distribution of Preterm Births

This chapter examines the distribution of preterm births across the U.S. population. Preterm births occur more frequently in certain sub-populations and under certain circumstances of fertility than under others. This chapter explores the reasons for high rates of preterm birth in sub-populations, identified by age, race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and whether women intended to become pregnant, among other features. The chapter also explores the ways that data is gathered and the ways that the population is divided up in order to create knowledge about these patterns. Although the impacts of maternal behaviors such as smoking, alcohol and drug use, and obesity are not large relative to other factors associated with preterm birth, these factors receive considerable attention because they fit an ideologically preferred narrative about individual versus social responsibility for health, and about women’s personal responsibility for their pregnancy outcomes. The comparison section of this chapter examines, from an epidemiological perspective, why preterm birth rates in the U.S. are higher than those of Canada, Great Britain, and Western Europe. Each high-risk segment of the population: non-White women living in predominantly White societies, teens, low income women, and women who did not intend to become pregnant, have higher preterm birth rates both in the U.S., and in the comparison countries. However, women with these characteristics comprise a larger portion of the population of child-bearing women in the U.S. than in other places.
Human-Recommender Systems: From Benchmark Data to Benchmark Cognitive Models

We bring to the fore of the recommender system research community, an inconvenient truth about the current state of understanding how recommender system algorithms and humans influence one another, both computationally and cognitively. Unlike the great variety of supervised machine learning algorithms which traditionally rely on expert input labels and are typically used for decision making by an expert, recommender systems specifically rely on data input from non-expert or casual users and are meant to be used directly by these same non-expert users on an every day basis. Furthermore, the advances in online machine learning, data generation, and predictive model learning have become increasingly interdependent, such that each one feeds on the other in an iterative cycle. Research in psychology suggests that people's choices are (1) contextually dependent, and (2) dependent on interaction history. Thus, while standard methods of training and assessing performance of recommender systems rely on benchmark datasets, we suggest that a critical step in the evolution of recommender systems is the development of benchmark models of human behavior that capture contextual and dynamic aspects of human behavior. It is important to emphasize that even extensive real life user-tests may not be sufficient to make up for this gap in benchmarking validity because user tests are typically done with either a focus on user satisfaction or engagement (clicks, sales, likes, etc) with whatever the recommender algorithm suggests to the user, and thus ignore the human cognitive aspect. We conclude by highlighting the interdisciplinary implications of this endeavor.
The looming shadow of illicit trade on the internet

Abstract Pirates on the virtual sea are supplying their illicit digital content and goods through cyberlockers and darknet markets. The deep web hosts darknet marketplaces selling a variety of wares, such as narcotics and weapons, and is testimony to the growth of illicit trade on the internet. The challenge of web sites that host digital content piracy is exacerbated through linkages to a variety of malware schemes that have created a lucrative crimeware economy. Digital thieves target unsuspecting consumers as digital bait to derive profits from a variety of malware schemes such as ransomware and malvertising. The hijacking of access to computers and their digital content in order to ransom them back to consumers or organizations is considered to be one of the leading threats of internet crime. Malvertising schemes are plaguing the internet advertising business—criminals are reaping profits by posting legitimate advertisements at content theft sites or using an army of botnets to fake advertising traffic. A variety of stratagems are evolving to curb this illicit trade, including fostering multi-lateral enforcement tactics, updating legislation to circumvent this type of crime on the internet, training digital savvy citizens, and creating private-sector remedies.
Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) involves excessive or unrealistic anxiety and worry over multiple life circumstances, with accompanying symptoms of autonomic hyperactivity, motor tension, and vigilance and scanning (DSM-III-R; American Psychiatric Association, 1987). From a cognitive-behavioral perspective, the disorder represents perhaps the most diffuse and complex cognitive/ affective state among the anxiety disorders (Barlow, 1988). To the person with GAD, the world and especially the future are seen as dangerous much of the time, and the individual feels that he or she does not have resources to cope. A vicious cycle of threat cue detection (Mathews, in press), a mixture of somatic activation and inhibition (Borkovec, Shadick, & Hopkins, in press), and worrisome thought activity (Borkovec & Inz, 1990) perpetuates habitual anxious responding.
On the peculiar bubble formation, growth, and collapse behaviors in catalytic micro-motor systems

Bubbles often play a critical role in micro-systems involving Janus catalytic micro-motors (JCMs). Here, we examine some peculiar behaviors of the formation, growth, and collapse of the bubbles observed in recent experiments, in which JCM-laden droplets were dispensed on solid substrates and mixed with droplets of hydrogen peroxide solution. First, no oxygen bubble is visible near isolated JCMs when their size is smaller than a certain threshold, but bubbles can form and grow between a circular ring of small JCMs without touching any JCMs. Using analytical modeling and numerical simulations, we show that the lack of bubble formation near small, isolated JCMs originates from the low supersaturation of oxygen near their surface, which is caused by the efficient dissipation of oxygen molecules generated on their surface toward the bulk solution. In contrast, a cluster of small JCMs can collectively produce high enough oxygen supersaturation near the cluster to nucleate a bubble. Second, the radius of these bubbles grows following a power law of $$R \sim t^{0.7}$$ , rather than the typical $$R \sim t^{1/2}$$ or $$R \sim t^{1/3}$$ laws for the growth of bubbles driven by simple diffusion or direct gas injection into the bubble. Our numerical simulations showed that this anomalous growth law is a result of the cooperative action of the oxygen supersaturation-driven bubble growth and the mutual motion between the JCMs and the growing bubble. Finally, once a bubble grows to its maximal size, it collapses far more rapidly than the time scale expected for bubbles that contain non-condensable gas and exist in bulk liquids. Our scale analysis and numerical simulations show that this rapid collapse can be explained by the coalescence of the bubble with the air–liquid interface of the liquid film.
Safe-Life Analysis of Structures Subjected to General In-Plane Loadings

The current methodology of safe-life analysis is based on the assumptions that the crack is aligned perpendicularly to the direction of loading and that the crack will propagate in a self-similar manner. In real structures, however, cracks are seldom oriented in this manner and the direction of crack propagation is generally not known as an a priori. These problems can be overcome by the strain-energy-density factor theory, or the Sc-theory. In this paper, the Sc-theory is applied to investigate the crack-growth characteristics of inclined cracks under general in-plane loadings- Equations are developed to enable the determination of safe-life in terms of structural allowables and crack-growth behavior of inclined cracks subjected to uniaxial tension, biaxial tension, and in-plane shear stress, acting either singly or in any specified combination. This versatility significantly increases the scope of application of fracture mechanics to the design, analysis, and development of weight-critical structures. An example problem is used to illustrate the safe-life analysis procedures. It is shown that the strain-energy-density factor range, ΔS, is an effective parameter for use in predicting the safe-life of structures under the combined influence of crack geometry, complex loadings, and material properties. The resulting safe-life analysis accounts for the stress amplitude, mean stress, and the direction of crack propagation and is, therefore, a significant improvement over the conventional methodology. The influence of crack-angle orientation and mean stress on the predicted fatigue crack-growth life is also examined and discussed.
Resisting Body Oppression: An Aesthetic Approach

This article argues for an aesthetic approach to resisting oppression based on judgments of bodily unattractiveness. Philosophical theories have often suggested that appropriate aesthetic judgments should converge on sets of objects consensually found to be beautiful or ugly. The convergence of judgments about human bodies, however, is a significant source of injustice, because people judged to be unattractive pay substantial social and economic penalties in domains such as education, employment and criminal justice. The injustice is compounded by the interaction between standards of attractiveness and gender, race, disability, and gender identity. I argue that we should actively work to reduce our participation in standard aesthetic practices that involve attractiveness judgments. This does not mean refusing engagement with the embodiment of others; ignoring someone’s embodiment is often a way of dehumanizing them. Instead, I advocate a form of practice, aesthetic exploration, that involves seeking out positive experiences of the unique aesthetic affordances of all bodies, regardless of whether they are attractive in the standard sense. I argue that there are good ethical reasons to cultivate aesthetic exploration, and that it is psychologically plausible that doing so would help to alleviate the social injustice attending judgments of attractiveness.
Metastases to Thyroid

Metastases to the thyroid from tumors of other sites are not uncommon in patients with disseminated cancer, as metastases are identified in approximately 25 % of autopsies in this setting. The most common primary tumors to metastasize to the thyroid are renal cell carcinoma, lung cancer, breast cancer, malignant melanoma, esophageal cancer, and gynecologic malignancies. The tumors may form a single mass or show multifocal disease. Patients may present with a mass, hoarseness, pain, or dysphagia. Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck may involve the thyroid secondarily by direct extension. Metastases to the thyroid generally retain the histologic features of the primary tumor, and many are known to have metastatic disease elsewhere at the time of presentation of the thyroid metastasis.
Restrictive Intraoperative Fluid Therapy is Associated with Decreased Morbidity and Length of Stay Following Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemoperfusion.

Recent data have demonstrated multiple benefits of intra- and postoperative fluid restriction in major abdominal surgery; however, data regarding the outcomes of fluid restriction in cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemoperfusion (CRS/HIPEC) are limited. This study evaluates the safety and short-term clinical outcomes of restricted intraoperative fluid therapy in CRS/HIPEC. This was a single-institution, retrospective review of all CRS/HIPEC procedures performed at the University of Massachusetts Medical School between January 2009 and July 2017. Recorded variables included demographics, intraoperative factors, 60-day postoperative complications, and length of stay (LOS). Outcomes based on the use of intraoperative permissive fluid therapy (PFT) versus restrictive fluid therapy (RFT) were compared. Overall, 169 CRS/HIPEC cases were performed during the study period; 84 were managed with PFT and 85 were managed with RFT. No significant differences were identified in patient demographics. There was a decrease in intraoperative administration of crystalloid (8.0 vs. 4.4 L, p < 0.01), colloid (900 vs. 300 mL, p < 0.01), and blood transfusion (0.26 vs. 0.04 units, p < 0.01) in the RFT cohort. LOS was reduced from 11.5 to 9.7 days (p < 0.01) and the incidence of any 60-day complication decreased from 45 to 28% (p = 0.02) in the RFT group. The overall 90-day mortality rate was 0.6% (n = 1). Adjusted logistic regression demonstrated the odds of having a Clavien–Dindo grade III or higher complication was 0.31 (95% confidence interval 0.10–0.95) with RFT. Intraoperative RFT with standard anesthesia monitoring devices can be safely used in CRS/HIPEC and is associated with a decreased LOS and decreased rate of postoperative complications.
Association Between Atopic Dermatitis and Suicidality: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Importance Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease associated with numerous psychiatric comorbidities. However, the association between AD and suicidality has not been well established. Objective To synthesize the available literature to evaluate the association between AD and suicidality. Data Source The protocol was prospectively registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42018105291). Study Selection Per PRISMA guidelines, PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, and Cochrane databases were systematically searched for relevant articles published from 1946 to May 25, 2018. The search criteria for PubMed were as follows: (dermatitis, atopic[MeSH] OReczema[MeSH]) AND (suicidal ideation[MeSH] ORsuicide, attempted[MeSH] ORsuicide[MeSH] ORsuicidalityORsuicidal behavior). The search criteria for Embase, PsycINFO, and Cochrane were as follows: (atopic dermatitisOReczema) AND (suicidal ideationORsuicide attemptORsuicideORsuicidalityORsuicidal behavior). Data Extraction and Synthesis This systematic review and meta-analysis performed in an academic medical setting included observational studies that evaluated suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and completed suicide among patients with AD. Main Outcome and Measure The quality of included studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for observational studies. Results The analysis identified 15 studies with a total of 4 770 767 participants, of whom 310 681 were patients with AD (52.7% female) and 4 460 086 served as controls (50.9% female). In the meta-analyses, patients with AD were 44% more likely to exhibit suicidal ideation (pooled odds ratio, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.25-1.65) and 36% more likely to attempt suicide (pooled odds ratio, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.09-1.70) compared with patients without AD. Studies investigating completed suicides in patients with AD had inconsistent results. Conclusions and Relevance Results of this study suggest that patients with AD are at significantly increased risk of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. It is important for dermatology providers to be aware of this risk, screen for suicidality in patients with AD, and make mental health referrals when necessary.
LTE: comment on "Incidence of allergic reactions to crotalidae polyvalent immune fab".

To the Editor,We read the recent article “Incidence of allergic reactions to Crotalidae polyvalent immune Fab” by Khobrani et al. [1] with great interest. Hopefully this paper, along with Kleinschm...
Empathy and perceptions of their brother or sister among adolescent siblings of individuals with and without autism spectrum disorder

Abstract Background Although clinicians have hypothesized that siblings of individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD), may exhibit more empathy and understanding of others, no studies have yet examined empathy among siblings of individuals with ASD. Aims The current study examined self- reported empathy and feelings about adolescents' brothers or sisters with and without ASD. Methods and Procedures Adolescent siblings (age 12–18) of individuals with (n=26) or without ASD (n=48) completed an online survey with measures of empathy and their feelings about their brother or sister, as well as an open ended task asking them for three "magic wishes." Outcomes and Results Siblings of individuals with ASD (ASD- Sibs) reported significantly more perspective-taking than did siblings of typically-developing individuals (TD-Sibs). Perspective-taking was significantly related to feelings of positive affect toward the brother/sister for both groups. ASD-Sibs also were significantly more likely to report wishes related to their family, while TD-Sibs reported more wishes for themselves. Conclusions and Implications Findings suggest that potentially higher levels of perspective-taking ability among ASD-Sibs may contribute to better understanding of and therefore more positive affect toward their brother or sister with ASD. More research is needed to understand patterns of empathy among ASD-Sibs.
Ancient Egyptian health: the prevalence of anemia at the origins of agriculture and state level society.

Ancient Egyptians experienced a vast increase in population size following the Neolithic Revolution. Nomadic hunter-gatherer groups gradually adopted agriculture as their primary food subsistence strategy. Analyses of human societies shifting from foragers to farmers have provided evidence which suggests this transition is linked with an increase in disease and allostatic load. This paper presents an examination of cribra orbitalia and porotic hyperostosis prevalence in Predynastic and Dynastic Egyptians using public health evidence as a means to interpret the skeletal findings. The sample included 219 individuals from the regions of Naga-ed-Der, Mesheikh, Giza, and potentially El-Ahaiwah. The aim of this study was to identify significant differences of cribra orbitalia and porotic hyperostosis across time and sex. Application of a Fisher-Freeman-Halton's test indicated there were no differences in prevalence of cribra orbitalia or porotic hyperostosis between the Predynastic and Dynastic, nor were there differences between the sexes. The results of this study did not produce any evidence for an epidemiological shift to have occurred in post-agricultural Egypt. Further, the most likely explanation of the pattern of disease stems from a parasitic model of infection.
Ranking Things in the Internet of Things

The major issue with available Internet of Things platforms that support the communication between Things and their owners is that they view Things as private property. Only the Thing owner can communicate with the Thing to obtain the service or functionality that is provided by the Thing. But this view is short sighted. A Thing should be viewed as a service or a functionality provider. The Thing owner should be able to publish Thing information and make it public. On the other hand, Thing requesters should be able to discover available Things. Then a communication between the Thing and the requester is performed. Our research is concerned with introducing an architecture that supports the publication and discovery of Things in the Internet of Things. This architecture enables Thing owners to publish Thing specification and Thing requesters to find Things that best matches their needs. This paper is concerned with the ranking aspect of our architecture. It introduces a ranking approach for ranking Things that matches requesters requirements. The ranking approach considers the requester functional and nonfunctional requirements, and the context information.