cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Double Blind Trial of Dipyridamole in CAPD

Since we had previously shown that dipyridamole augmented inulin and glucose clearance during intermittent peritoneal dialysis we sought to extend our study to the patient undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. We carried out a double blind study in which patients received either 75 mg of active drug or placebo for a 2-week period. At the end of this period the mass transfer coefficients, between plasma and dialysate, were measured for selected solutes. We did not find any drug effect. The results of our first study together with the results of this study suggest that dipyridamole has no place in the chronic management of patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis.
A Continuous Shear Deflection Function for Articular Cartilage

Articular cartilage (AC) covers the articulating bones within synovial joints. Mechanically, it provides a bearing surface with low friction and wear properties, and it lowers surface stress by deforming and increasing the contact area. Cartilage mechanics has received much attention, but until recently most investigations have focused on average properties of full thickness tissue. However, given depth dependent variations in composition and structure, there is a growing appreciation of the tissue’s inhomogeneity and its relationship to mechanical behavior [1–4]. Determining the depth-dependent mechanical properties plays an important role in understanding the relationship between function and structure of native, diseased and tissue-engineered cartilage.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
WYEOMYIA (HYSTATOMYIA) BALTAE, A NEW SPECIES OF SABETHINI (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE) FROM PERU

Wyeomyia (Hystatomyia) baltae Porter, new species is described from specimens reared from the tank bromeliad Guzmania lindenii var. concolor Rauh growing in humid premontane forest on the eastern slopes of the Peruvian Andes. The description, with relevant illustrations, is of the adult male and female, as well as the pupal and larval stages.
3-Amino-4-(2-((4-[18F]fluorobenzyl)methylamino)methylphenylsulfanyl)benzonitrile, an F-18 fluorobenzyl analogue of DASB: synthesis, in vitro binding, and in vivo biodistribution studies.

3-Amino-4-(2[11C]methylaminomethylphenylsulfanyl)benzonitrile (C-11 DASB) exhibits excellent in vitro and in vivo properties toward the serotonin transporter. If labeled with a longer physical half...
Dynamic security labels and static information flow control

This paper presents a language in which information flow is securely controlled by a type system, yet the security class of data can vary dynamically. Information flow policies provide the means to express strong security requirements for data confidentiality and integrity. Recent work on security-typed programming languages has shown that information flow can be analyzed statically, ensuring that programs will respect the restrictions placed on data. However, real computing systems have security policies that cannot be determined at the time of program analysis. For example, a file has associated access permissions that cannot be known with certainty until it is opened. Although one security-typed programming language has included support for dynamic security labels, there has been no demonstration that a general mechanism for dynamic labels can securely control information flow. In this paper, we present an expressive language-based mechanism for reasoning about dynamic security labels. The mechanism is formally presented in a core language based on the typed lambda calculus; any well-typed program in this language is secure because it satisfies noninterference.
Effect of Solvents on the Photoenolization of o-Methylanthrone at Low Temperatures. Evidence for H-Atom Tunneling from Nonequilibrating Triplets

The reactivity of 1,4-dimethylanthrone (1,4-MAT) and 1,4-dimethylanthrone-d8 (1,4-DMAT) toward hydrogen transfer was investigated in methylcyclohexane (MCH), ethanol (EtOH), and 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE) by comparing their triplet-state emission spectra and lifetimes with those of compounds without the o-methyl substituent. A predominantly n,π* lowest triplet state in nonpolar solvents such as MCH changes toward a less reactive π,π* configuration in polar solvents such as EtOH and TFE. In EtOH, 1,4-DMAT exhibits a temperature-dependent dual emission while the corresponding protio compound (1,4-MAT) decays by reaction at all temperatures analyzed (ca. 15−90 K). Although compounds without the o-methyl group also presented dual emission, their relative intensities and lifetimes were shown to be temperature-independent, indicating the lack of thermal equilibration between the two triplets below 90 K. In the case of 1,4-DMAT in EtOH, an Arrhenius plot based on the data from the short-lived component (mainly...
Structure of vitamin D-dependent calcium-binding protein from bovine intestine.

The structure of vitamin D-dependent calcium-binding protein from bovine intestine, determined crystallographically to 2.3 A, contains a pair of calcium-binding domains similar to those in parvalbumin, but one domain has a longer and rearranged calcium-binding loop. This result has implications for structure predictions of other calcium-binding proteins such as calmodulin and S-100.
Subjective contours produced purely by dynamic occlusion of sparse-points array

In this paper, I describe the formation of a classic subjective contour by the occlusion of moving points of light having very sparse spatial distribution. In move and flash conditions, subjects determined what contour circumscribed the display region in which the points of light appeared. Subjects felt that the subjective contours were sharp and of distinct shape in the move condition if there were at least six impacts with the edges per second. No occluding subjective form was evident in the flash condition, although the delineation of an edge was more cogent than in the move condition.
Ethanol dose-dependently attenuates NMDA-mediated thermal hyperalgesia in the rat.

Abstract Recent observations using acute and persistent pain models have suggested that activation of the N- methyl- d -aspatrate (NMDA) receptor is required for mechanisms that underly the development and maintenance of thermal hyperalgesia. The present results document that both NMDA-mediated thermal hyperalgesia produced after acute intrathecal NMDA administration and NMDA-mediated thermal hyperalgesia produced in a model of neuropathic pain are dose-dependently and reversibly attenuated by intrathecal administration of ethanol (0.5–1.0%; total dose, 106–213 nmol, i.t.). This is consistent with recent reports that ethanol may function as a selective NMDA receptor antagonist at low concentrations and further extends the evidence that thermal hyperalgesia is mediated by NMDA receptors.
A Literature Review of Alternative School Academic Interventions for Students with and without Disabilities.

The Every Child Achieves Act of 2015 has drawn greater attention to the academic achievement of students considered at risk who attend alternative schools. Due to problems both inside and outside of schools, students in alternative education settings may struggle with academic content and require a different educational approach. This comprehensive literature review critically examined experimental intervention studies that were conducted in alternative schools published between 1990 and 2013. Eighteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Academic intervention studies conducted in alternative educational settings, limitations, practical implications, and future directions are discussed.
Study of voltage collapse cases of a large power system using static and dynamic approaches

This paper discusses voltage collapse cases in a power system using static and dynamic approaches. The studies are conducted on a summer peak load planning case of major power system in the U.S. The power system has significant air conditioning load. A detailed load model based on measurement from actual recordings of power quality meters is used in time domain studies. The impact of modeling of air conditioning load is examined. Both static and dynamic approaches have been used for the analysis of voltage collapse. The application of modal analysis at the point of collapse to study the voltage collapse caused by high air conditioning load is discussed. The significance of the direction of power transfers while calculating the point of collapse to perform modal analysis is also discussed.
Modeling the impact of prevention policies on future diabetes prevalence in the United States: 2010–2030

Although diabetes is one of the most costly and rapidly increasing serious chronic diseases worldwide, the optimal mix of strategies to reduce diabetes prevalence has not been determined. Using a dynamic model that incorporates national data on diabetes prevalence and incidence, migration, mortality rates, and intervention effectiveness, we project the effect of five hypothetical prevention policies on future US diabetes rates through 2030: 1) no diabetes prevention strategy; 2) a “high-risk” strategy, wherein adults with both impaired fasting glucose (IFG) (fasting plasma glucose of 100–124 mg/dl) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) (2-hour post-load glucose of 141–199 mg/dl) receive structured lifestyle intervention; 3) a “moderate-risk” strategy, wherein only adults with IFG are offered structured lifestyle intervention; 4) a “population-wide” strategy, in which the entire population is exposed to broad risk reduction policies; and 5) a “combined” strategy, involving both the moderate-risk and population-wide strategies. We assumed that the moderate- and high-risk strategies reduce the annual diabetes incidence rate in the targeted subpopulations by 12.5% through 2030 and that the population-wide approach would reduce the projected annual diabetes incidence rate by 2% in the entire US population. We project that by the year 2030, the combined strategy would prevent 4.6 million incident cases and 3.6 million prevalent cases, attenuating the increase in diabetes prevalence by 14%. The moderate-risk approach is projected to prevent 4.0 million incident cases, 3.1 million prevalent cases, attenuating the increase in prevalence by 12%. The high-risk and population approaches attenuate the projected prevalence increases by 5% and 3%, respectively. Even if the most effective strategy is implemented (the combined strategy), our projections indicate that the diabetes prevalence rate would increase by about 65% over the 23 years (i.e., from 12.9% in 2010 to 21.3% in 2030). While implementation of appropriate diabetes prevention strategies may slow the rate of increase of the prevalence of diabetes among US adults through 2030, the US diabetes prevalence rate is likely to increase dramatically over the next 20 years. Demand for health care services for people with diabetes complications and diabetes-related disability will continue to grow, and these services will need to be strengthened along with primary diabetes prevention efforts.
Bilarge neutrino mixing and mass of the lightest neutrino from third generation dominance in a democratic approach

We show that both small mixing in the quark sector and large mixing in the lepton sector can be obtained from a simple assumption of universality of Yukawa couplings and the right-handed neutrino Majorana mass matrix in leading order. We discuss conditions under which bi-large mixing in the lepton sector is achieved with a minimal amount of fine-tuning requirements for possible models. From knowledge of the solar and atmospheric mixing angles we determine the allowed values of sin \theta_{13}. If embedded into grand unified theories, the third generation Yukawa coupling unification is a generic feature while masses of the first two generations of charged fermions depend on small perturbations. In the neutrino sector, the heavier two neutrinos are model dependent, while the mass of the lightest neutrino in this approach does not depend on perturbations in the leading order. The right-handed neutrino mass scale can be identified with the GUT scale in which case the mass of the lightest neutrino is given as (m_{top}^2/M_{GUT}) sin^2 \theta_{23} sin^2 \theta_{12} in the limit sin \theta_{13} = 0. Discussing symmetries we make a connection with hierarchical models and show that the basis independent characteristic of this scenario is a strong dominance of the third generation right-handed neutrino, M_1, M_2 < 10^{-4} M_3, M_3 = M_{GUT}.
Effect of Insulin, Glucose, and 2-Deoxy-glucose Infusion into the Third Cerebral Ventricle of Conscious Dogs on Plasma Insulin, Glucose, and Free Fatty Acids

Previous studies have demonstrated that exogenous insulin, injected into central cerebrospinal fluid cavities of dogs, stimulates the release of endogenous insulin from the pancreas. To determine whether this response was elicited by (1) insulin per se, (2) an effect of insulin on glucose transport, or (3) glucopenia in the cerebrospinal fluid, we measured plasma insulin, glucose, and free fatty acids during the infusion of insulin, glucose, and 2-deoxy-glucose (2DG), individually or in combination, into the third cerebral ventricle of conscious dogs. As expected, the third ventricular infusion of insulin alone elicited a small, but significant, rise of plasma insulin. Surprisingly, infusion of insulin with glucose produced a smaller increase of plasma insulin (P less than 0.05) and the infusion of insulin with 2DG produced a much larger increase of plasma insulin (P less than 0.05) than did the third ventricular infusion of insulin alone. The third ventricular infusion of either glucose alone or 2DG alone had no effect on the plasma levels of insulin. These data suggest that administration of insulin into the cerebral ventricles stimulates pancreatic insulin secretion but not by accelerating the transport of glucose into a chemosensitive area of the brain.
New optimal microstructures and restrictions on the attainable Hashin–Shtrikman bounds for multiphase composite materials

We address the attainability of the Hashin–Shtrikman (HS) bounds for multiphase composite materials. We demonstrate that the HS bounds are not always attainable and give new restrictions on the attainable HS bounds in terms of the conductivities and volume fractions of the constituent phases. New optimal microstructures are also constructed to attain the HS bounds. Combined together, these results allow for precise characterization of the set of effective properties for a wide range of composite materials.
Is Full Inclusion Desirable

This article constitutes the culmination in a review of 58 sources by a group of first year master’s degree students in a problems and issues in secondary education course to determine “Is Full Inclusion Desirable?” Full inclusion means that all students, regardless of handicapping condition or severity, will be in a regular classroom/program full time. All services must be taken to the child in that setting. There have been several opposing ideas about full inclusion. There are pros and cons to the situation, and these will be discussed in the paper.
CCD soft X-ray imaging spectrometer for the ASCA satellite

We describe the development of a charge-coupled device (CCD) array for use as a soft X-ray (0.4-12 keV) imaging spectrometer for the ASCA (formerly Astro-D) satellite. The CCDs are 420/spl times/420-pixel frame-transfer devices designed to be closely abutted to other chips on three sides of the imaging array. The imagers are made on 6500-/spl Omega//spl middot/cm p-type float-zone silicon for depletion depths of about 50 /spl mu/m under typical CCD bias conditions. The read noise of the CCD is typically 3-4 e/sup /spl minus// rms at data rates of 50 KHz resulting in an energy resolution E//spl delta/E/spl ap/50 at 5.9 keV. The complete focal-plane sensor consists of a 2/spl times/2 array of these devices mounted on a common substrate. Radiation damage from energetic protons is mitigated by the use of a narrow potential trough along the center of the CCD channel to confine the small X-ray event charge to a reduced volume and thereby minimize trapping effects. Charged-particle events from the non-X-ray space background are minimized by using a junction on the back of the chip to deplete most of the neutral bulk and draw background charge away from the CCD. Wafer-level device screening at low temperatures and the focal-plane packaging methods are also described. >
It's not you, it's me: Automatically extracting social meaning from speed dates

Automatically detecting human social intentions from spoken conversation is an important task for social computing and for dialogue systems. We describe a system for detecting elements of interactional style: whether a speaker is awkward, friendly, or flirtatious. We create and use a new spoken corpus of 991 4-minute speed-dates. Participants rated themselves and each other for these elements of style. Using rich dialogue, lexical, and prosodic features, we are able to detect flirtatious, awkward, and friendly styles in noisy natural conversational data with above 70% accuracy, significantly outperforming not only the baseline but also, for flirtation, outperforming the human interlocutors. We find that features like pitch, energy, and the use of emotional vocabulary help detect flirtation, collaborative conversational style (laughter, questions, collaborative completions) help in detecting friendliness, and disfluencies help in detecting awkwardness. In analyzing why our system outperforms humans, we show that humans are very poor perceivers of flirtatiousness in this task, and instead often project their own intended behavior onto their interlocutors. This talk describes joint work with Dan McFarland (School of Education) and Rajesh Ranganath (Computer Science Department).
Modeling semiconductor losses for population based electric machinery design

This work sets forth a semiconductor loss modeling approach suitable for use in population based design of electric machinery. Population based machine design typically employs a genetic or particle swarm algorithm which maximizes a fitness function to optimize the design. The fitness function often includes multiple objectives such as machine mass and machine loss. This work incorporates the consideration of semiconductor loss into the machine design using an embedded simulation in which a time-domain simulation is conducted as part of a fitness function evaluation. The embedded simulation predictions are compared to commercial software solutions over a wide variety of operating conditions and consistent results are obtained. A design study using the embedded simulation within a population based optimization of a 3-phase current controlled permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) drive is demonstrated.
The Limits of Arbitrage: Evidence from Exchange Traded Funds

Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs) consistently trade away from their net asset value. In violation of market efficiency, these discounts vary substantially over time and are found to be significant in the explanation of future returns. Returns to simple strategies which incorporate information in the variation of discounts outperform buy-and-hold strategies by an annualized 15%, net of transaction costs, but only expose the investor to about one fifth the risk. ETFs, on average, are found to be about 17% more volatile than their underlying assets; 70% of the excess volatility can be explained by proxies for transaction and holding costs which inhibit successful arbitrage. The findings in this paper are consistent with noise trader models of costly arbitrage and are inconsistent with hypotheses of financial market efficiency.
ADDICTED WOMEN AND CRIME

The relationship between women's narcotics use and crime is examined among Anglo and Chicana methadone maintenance clients. Three types of analyses are employed: (1) the temporal ordering between narcotics involvement and criminal activities: (2) comparisons of crime levels before and after critical events in the addiction career including narcotic initiation, addiction, last daily use, first treatment entry, and first treatment discharge; and (3) crime levels as a function of increasing narcotics use. Women in this study demonstrate extensive criminal involvement and some also engage in dealing and/or prostitution. Property crime activities precede the addiction career for many women but, once addicted, the amount of property crime committed appears to be generally regulated by narcotics use levels. After the addiction career, property crime decreases substantially. Chicanas, in general, display higher baseline pretreatment criminal activity and show fewer changes in crime levels than Anglo women in reaction to events such as treatment or termination of addiction career.
Interaction of Calcium and Glucose on Glucagon Secretion

The interrelationship between calcium ion and glucose on glucagon release was studied in the in vitro perfused pancreas. Spontaneous release during perfusion with glucose-free, calciumdepleted (0.2 mEq/1 calcium) medium was completely abolished by ethylene glycol bis (β-aminoethyl ether)-N, N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA; 0.2 nm). Glucose added to calcium-depleted perfusate caused only partial inhibition of glucagon release, even at concentrations of 500 mg/dl, and there was no evidence of a paradoxical increase in secretion with time. When calcium was added in a series of steps (in the absence of additional secretagogues) more than half of the increased glucagon released was elicited by the first step (0.5 mEq/1). Release patterns at subsequent steps suggested that higher concentrations of calcium may cause mixed stimulation and inhibition. With 70 mg/dl glucose, calciumstimulated release was partially suppressed at all calcium concentrations up through 9 mEq/1. With 150 mg/dl glucose, addition of the normall...
Effect of linker segments on the stability of epithelial cadherin Domain 2.

Epithelial cadherin is a transmembrane protein that is essential in calcium-dependent cell–cell recognition and adhesion. It contains five independently folded globular domains in its extracellular region. Each domain has a seven-strand β-sheet immunoglobulin fold. Short seven-residue peptide segments connect the globular domains and provide oxygens to chelate calcium ions at the interface between the domains (Nagar et al., Nature 1995;380:360–364). Recently, stability studies of ECAD2 (Prasad et al., Biochemistry 2004;43:8055–8066) were undertaken with the motivation that Domain 2 is a representative domain for this family of proteins. The definition of a domain boundary is somewhat arbitrary; hence, it was important to examine the effect of the adjoining linker regions that connect Domain 2 to the adjacent domains. Present studies employ temperature–denaturation and proteolytic susceptibility to provide insight into the impact of these linkers on Domain 2. The significant findings of our present study are threefold. First, the linker segments destabilize the core domain in the absence of calcium. Second, the destabilization due to addition of the linker segments can be partially reversed by the addition of calcium. Third, sodium chloride stabilizes all constructs. This result implies that electrostatic repulsion is a contributor to destabilization of the core domain by addition of the linkers. Thus, the context of Domain 2 within the whole molecule affects its thermodynamic characteristics. Proteins 2006. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Closed-form expressions for coefficients used in FD-TD high-order boundary conditions

P. A. Tirkas et al. (see IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol.40, no.10, p.1215-1222, 1992) presented an algorithm for implementing absorbing boundary conditions of arbitrarily high order in finite-difference-time-domain (FD-TD) studies. However, they did not provide explicit formulas for determining the expansion coefficients used in the Pade approximations of the pseudo-differential operator. Instead, the user is required to determine the roots of a polynomial using numerical methods that require computational effort and yield only approximate results. Exact expressions for the desired coefficients that are valid for Pade expansions of any order are presented. >
Aharonov-Bohm scattering of a localized wave packet: Analysis of the forward direction.

The Aharonov-Bohm scattering of a localized wave packet is considered. A careful analysis of the forward direction points out new results: according to the time-dependent solution obtained by means of the asymptotic representation for the propagator (kernel), a phenomenon of autointerference occurs along the forward direction, where, also, the probability density current is evaluated and found finite.
Sedation Assessment in Critically Ill Adults: 2001–2004 Update

OBJECTIVETo review recently published literature on the validity and reliability of sedation assessment tools in critically ill adults and evaluate the potential advantages and disadvantages of each.DATA SOURCESA computerized search of MEDLINE and PubMed (2001–May 2004) was conducted.STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTIONSedation assessment tools used in adult intensive care units (ICUs) were identified.DATA SYNTHESISSix subjective and 3 objective assessment tools were identified. Four subjective assessment tools have reliability and 4 have validity data published that were not previously available. There are reliability data to further support the use of the previously published Motor Activity Assessment Scale. Additional reliability data exist for the Ramsay Scale and Glasgow Coma Scale. Conflicting evidence is available with the use of the Bispectral Index monitor in the ICU. Recently, the Patient State Index and Auditory Evoked Potentials were introduced for objective monitoring in critically ill patient...
Ominous projections for global antibiotic use in food-animal production

Alexander Fleming famously warned that the ignorant may someday misuse his life-saving discovery—penicillin—and select for resistant bacteria (1). This was prescient given the widespread use of subtherapeutic antibiotics by food-animal producers today. According to the findings of Van Boeckel et al. (2) in PNAS, the proliferation of ignorance is only poised to increase. Using global datasets of veterinary antibiotic use, livestock densities, and economic projections of meat demand, Van Boeckel et al. (2) estimate that from 2010 to 2030 antibiotic use in food-animal production will increase by 67%, from 63,151 ± 1,560 tons to 105,596 ± 3,605 tons.
Mortality Among Children

Death among children tends to be ignored by those who study child development. The obvious reason is that death is a denial of life—the essence of development. Death is rare today among children and so it is not apparent in the list of developmental challenges. On the other hand, the death of children can be approached as a criterion of development with a negative valence. In that formulation child mortality can be formulated in a dichotomous fashion; it becomes one-half of a criterion in research on populations and samples which is formulated as 1/0. The 1/represents living and the/0 represents dead subjects or vice versa.
Intra-Abdominal Calcification in an Infant. Report of a Case

Summary 1.A case of intra-abdominal calcification in a normal neonate is reported. 2.No symptoms referable to the condition were evident and a definitive cause was not determined.
Nomenclature of Pharmaceuticals

The United States Pharmacopeia (USP) and National Formulary (NF) are the official compendia of drug standards in the United States of America. Standards of the USP and NF also are recognized in the laws of numerous other nations.
Aero-Optical Investigation of Transonic Flow Features And Shock Dynamics on Hemisphere-On-Cylinder Turrets

Aero-optical environment around a hemisphere-on-cylinder turret with both flatand conformal windows was studied experimentally in-flight using AAOL-T for a range of subsonic and transonic Mach numbers between 0.5 and 0.8. Above M = 0.6, the local shock appeared near the top of the turret, causing additional aero-optical distortions at sidelooking angles. The shock dynamics was extracted from instantaneous wavefronts and analyzed in details. The mean shock location was found be near  = 80 degrees for both window types at M = 0.7 and 0.8. For M = 0.7, the shock motion exhibits multiple-harmonic behavior between StD = 0.15 and 0.8, while for M = 0.8, the shock has a lower single frequency peak at StD = 0.15, the same as for the unsteady separation line, indicating a possible lock-in mechanism between the shock and the separation region at high transonic Mach numbers.
The Modification and Maintenance of Time Spent Attending Using Social Reinforcement, Token Reinforcement and Response Cost in an Applied Restaurant Setting:

The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate a series of program variables used to modify the time a subject spent attending in an experimental restaurant setting. Selective behaviors of a mil...
Convergence of Cascade Algorithms and Smoothness of Refinable Distributions

In this paper, the author at first develops a method to study convergence of the cascade algorithm in a Banach space without stable assumption on the initial (see Theorem 2.1), and then applies the previous result on the convergence to characterizing compactly supported refinable distributions in fractional Sobolev spaces and Holder continuous spaces (see Theorems 3.1, 3.3, and 3.4). Finally the author applies the above characterization to choosing appropriate initial to guarantee the convergence of the cascade algorithm (see Theorem 4.2).
Effects of Golchicine Upon Viscosity of the Arbacia Egg

SummaryColchicine in a concentration of 10-3 in sea water does not appreciably alter the viscosity of the unfertilized Arbacia egg. The increase in viscosity which normally follows fertilization is inhibited by colchicine in a concentration of 0.5 × 10-3. Fusion of the pronuclei and nuclear breakdown are delayed in colchicine-treated eggs. Colchicine in concentrations of 10-4 to 10-10 does not initiate mitosis in the Nereis egg.I wish to acknowledge the helpful suggestions of Dr. L. V. Heil-brunn and Dr. C. A Angerer.
Ethics in Managerial Accounting: Today’s Challenges in USA

While accounting, both financial and managerial, is used worldwide and there are increasing efforts to bring about harmonization among accounting practices within and among nations the, understanding of such practices is still not up to par with expectations. This leads to concerns about standard practices and serious concerns about ethical practices in all forms of accounting. This paper addresses differences between financial and managerial accounting. Since financial accounting is mandated by legal requirements of governments there is more opportunity in managerial accounting for ethical discrepancies and malpractices. This paper also addresses ethical concerns in managerial accounting.
The Social Process of Globalization: Return Migration and Cultural Change in Kazakhstan

1. Moving beyond hybridity 2. Kazakhstan: the local context of globalization 3. Theory: explaining cultural stability and change 4. Return migrants and the negotiation of cultural difference 5. Patterns of social and cultural change 6. Conclusions: globalization, reflexivity and return migration.
Relationship on the Behavioral Problems and Family Management Style in Children with Asthma

Objective: To investigate the relationship between the behavioral problems and family management style. Methods: One hundred and eighty caregivers whose child suffered from asthma were studied via achenbach child behavior scale and family management measurement scale. Results: The daily living conditions of school-age children with asthma was lower than intermediate value, but parental worries about the disease, parents energy consumption, parental management ability, family burden, parental mutuality were higher than intermediate value.Forty-one cases(22.78%) of school-age children with asthma had behavioral problems Asthmatic children's behavioral problems mainly included dissocialeness, social withdrawn and hyperactivity aggressive behaviour in boys and depression, social withdrawn and schizoid behavior in girls.Asthmatic children's behavioural problems(schizoid behavior, social withdrawn and depression) were negatively associated with child daily life, parental worries about the disease and parental mutuality(P0.05), and positively correlated with parental management ability and parents energy consumption(P0.05). Conclusion: Some behavior problems existing in the asthmatic children, which regular relation with family management style.
Surveillance of Fluorosis Through Water Drinking in Mianning County in Sichuan Province

Objective To investigate the prevalence of fluorosis through water drinking and the performance of rural water project in Mianning county.Methods The fluorine contents in potable water and urinary were detected by using the method of ion selective electrode,and the dental fluorosis among the children aged 8 to 12 years was diagnosed with Deans method,the skeletal fluorosis among adults aged ≥16 years was diagnosed clinically and confirmed by X ray examination in Sunshui village and Guosheng village.Results In the 2 villages,the mean of fluorine content in potable water in was 2.94 mg/L and 1.81 mg/L respectively.The detection rate of dental fluorosis among the children aged 8 to 12 years reached 92.36%,and among the adults ≥16 years,the detection rate of skeletal fluorosis by clinical diagnosis was56.05% and by X ray examination was 40%.Conclusion The prevalence of fluorosis through water drinking in the 2 villages was at moderate intensity,more attention should be paid on further implementation of rural water project to control endemic fluorosis.
Analysis of HIV,HCV and syphilis infection in 413 women in entertainment place

Objective To understand the prevalent trend of HIV,HCV and syphilis in women of entertainment places in Sanya, and explore the prevention and control measures of HIV / AIDS for high risk population. Methods From May to July in 2013, 413 women staff in entertainment places were randomly sampled to detect HIV,HCV and syphilis at their willingness. Results The 413 women were between 16 ~ 43 years old,and 240 cases were unmarried,accounting for 58. 1%. Among these women,157 women had never used or used condoms somtimes( 38%); 15. 7% of the women refused to answer; There were 1 anti-HIV positive case( 0. 24%),4 anti-HCV positive cases( 0. 97%) and 11 syphilis antibody positive cases( 2. 66%). Conclusion Controlling the spread of STD and transmmission route of AIDS was vital for successful control of AIDS epidemic. Women in entertainment places had obvious high-risk behaviors,so effective and feasible measures should be adopted for comprehensive intervention on this population.
Strangers Drowning: Grappling with Impossible Idealism, Drastic Choices, and the Overpowering Urge to Help Larissa MacFarquhar. New York: Penguin Press, 2015.

Strangers Drowning: Grappling with Impossible Idealism, Drastic Choices, and the Overpowering Urge to Help Larissa MacFarquhar. New York: Penguin Press, 2015.What would you do if you had to choose between saving either your mother or two strangers from drowning? New Yorker writer Larissa MacFarquhar has written a book that presents actual cases that provide variations upon the "strangers drowning" hypothetical situation.In essence, the author has adapted the classic "trolley" questions asked in ethics classes into variant situations involving Americans' posing similar conflicting loyalties to family and strangers. For example, there is the case of a minister who puts her family in harm's way in distant lands and then, upon return to America, donates a kidney and thus overrides the family's concerns. A couple who adopt twenty children must weigh the needs of those whom they have adopted against the needs of their own biological offspring.Another couple establishes a leprosy colony against the odds that their own small children will be eaten by wild panthers or will become victims of Hansen's disease (cf. leprosy). MacFarquhar not only navigates us through many such "conflicting duties" cases but also poses important ethical questions about the nature and limits of self-sacrifice, the utilitarian valuing of numbers (two vs. one or twenty vs. two and beyond), the motives behind doing (too much?) good, and the reasons why society is suspicious of extreme do-gooders. In each case, the subjects must weigh the value of serving others against the possibility of harming kith and kin, not to mention taking into account the "wild card" variable of unforeseen consequences.Why is this of particular interest when studying American culture? We have not only become known in some eyes as the land of imperial foreign outreach. But at the other end of the spectrum, we have become a nation populated by innumerable charities, people who go "above and beyond," do-gooders of all kinds (just watch the news for stories about extreme humane efforts and unprecedented charity). Is this all largerthan-life pro-social behavior? Or is there is a cost, and can we go too far?Although MacFarquhar's book seems written for a larger "PBS/NPR-type" public, it is laced with academic references, the moral positions of classical ethicists such as Kant and Mill, and the multidisciplinary citations which exhibit a disciplined mind making insightful "across-the-boundaries" connections. …
Queering la Familia: A Phenomenological Study Reconceptualizing Familial Capital for Queer Latino Men

Using data from the National Study on Latino Male Achievement in Higher Education, we add to the scholarship on queer students of color by exploring how queer Latino men expand on familial capital in college. Specifically, we utilized phenomenology to understand how participants decided whether to disclose their sexual orientation to family. In addition, we explored how students queer familial capital by connecting to peers, faculty, and administrators at higher education institutions. This research illuminates how professionals can support queer Latino men as they navigate issues of family, highlighting the responsibility of staff and faculty.
Educating the Future of Science and Medicine

For the past two decades, veterinary educators have been at the forefront of innovations in educational practices related to science and medicine. Many of the resulting methods have been translated and implemented as best practices across the breadth of disciplines in higher education. However, past World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) global conferences have highlighted the necessity for improving global harmonization of veterinary medical education. This underscores a growing need for even broader dissemination of best practices and assessment programs related to educating our veterinary workforce.
Spectral rotation versus K-means in spectral clustering

Spectral clustering has been a popular data clustering algorithm. This category of approaches often resort to other clustering methods, such as K-Means, to get the final cluster. The potential flaw of such common practice is that the obtained relaxed continuous spectral solution could severely deviate from the true discrete solution. In this paper, we propose to impose an additional orthonormal constraint to better approximate the optimal continuous solution to the graph cut objective functions. Such a method, called spectral rotation in literature, optimizes the spectral clustering objective functions better than K-Means, and improves the clustering accuracy. We would provide efficient algorithm to solve the new problem rigorously, which is not significantly more costly than K-Means. We also establish the connection between our method and K-Means to provide theoretical motivation of our method. Experimental results show that our algorithm consistently reaches better cut and meanwhile outperforms in clustering metrics than classic spectral clustering methods.
Resonant Third-Order Susceptibility of PbSe Quantum Dots Determined by Standard Dilution and Transient Grating Spectroscopy

We present a methodology for obtaining quantitative ultrafast multiresonant coherent multidimensional spectra. Using the solvent and cuvette as an internal standard, we extract the quantitative thi...
Transformational Gaming: Zynga’s Social Strategy (A), (B), (C)

In January 2009, Mark Pincus, founder and CEO of the immensely popular and successful Zynga Game Network met with his sister Laura Hartman, DePaul University business ethics professor, to discuss building a new brand of corporate social strategy. Pincus wanted to find a way that Zynga could have a greater social impact on the world. He and Hartman talked about creating a new social strategy that would naturally flow out of Zynga's success in developing highly profitable interactive social games. The two of them wondered whether it was possible for one company to develop a strategy that would both be profitable and engender social change. Excerpt UVA-E-0360 May 11, 2012 Transformational Gaming: Zynga's Social Strategy (A) In January 2009, Mark Pincus, founder and CEO of Zynga Game Network, one of the world's most successful and popular social gaming companies, had lunch with his sister, Laura Hartman, DePaul University business ethics professor. Hartman described their lunch conversation as a possible tipping point of a new direction for Zynga: Mark had reached a point in his career where he was ready…to move forward with a greater impact on the world in terms of what role Zynga would play, because Zynga was really a culmination of a lot of his business efforts. So we had lunch, and both of us brainstormed about what that could look like. Mark had been thinking about this for a long time, about what to do and how to place his social vision into practice. Our backgrounds and experiences complimented each other because I had spent years working with corporations, trying to encourage them to do something. So it came together. Although these ideas had been germinating with Pincus for some time, his discussion with Hartman was the initial step in an effort to build a new brand of corporate social strategy. But the stakes of this social strategy, tied up as they would be in the nonprofit partners with whom Zynga wanted to develop relationships, were equally linked to the company's preexisting corporate strategy. For this young and unabashedly successful company, Pincus's proposed new social strategy would be an intentional tangent from what Zynga had done overwhelmingly well—develop highly profitable interactive social games. Pincus's challenge was to see whether he could develop similarly profitable synergies between social gaming and nonprofit partners that were making a broader social impact. Was it possible for one company to develop a strategy that would both be profitable and engender social change? . . .
A Scaling Calculation of the Scattering of 4He Atomic Beams

We describe a simulation of the scattering in beams of helium atoms. The number of atoms N in the beams is reduced by a large scaling factor λ while the collision cross-section is increased by λ. This leaves the rate of scattering for each particle unchanged. As an example, we predict the outcome of a low temperature atomic beam experiment to measure the4He-4He atomic scattering cross-section σ at low energies. Because of the existence of a very weakly bound dimer, the low energy cross-section is expected to be unusually large, ∼1.83 × 105A2. In the simulation N/λ is small enough for the trajectories of all the scaled atoms to be calculated numerically. The simulation shows that the experiment is quite practicable. The proposed apparatus is just over 20 cm long, and a few centimeters wide, small enough to fit in a dilution refrigerator. The heaters and bolometers are assumed to be similar to those used in previous low temperature scattering experiments. We show that, using low intensity beams, the cross-section can be measured as a function of the relative velocity vrbetween ∼2 and ∼8 m/sec, corresponding to relative energies between ∼1 and ∼16 mK. By fitting σ(vr) one can determine the scattering length and effective range of the interaction. We predict that, at high intensity where multiple scattering is very important, the two beams coalesce into one.
The value of urgent care dermatology.

OBJECTIVE To determine whether urgent care dermatology adds value (service + quality/cost) to healthcare. METHODS A retrospective cross-sectional chart review of dermatologic patients in three service settings was compared: an urgent care dermatology clinic (same day dermatology [SDD]), the emergency department (ED), and a general dermatology clinic. Study period was July 1-September 30, 2014, for ED and SDD patients and August 2014 for general dermatology patients. ED patients had diagnoses of dermatitis (629.9) or rash (782). Final diagnoses, visit length, and no-show rates were determined. Cost and charge data for patients seen in SDD versus the ED were provided by the university, without raw data available for publication. RESULTS For matched diagnoses, ED visits were 105 (95% CI: 68.7-152.4, P < 0.001) minutes longer than SDD visits. Compared to SDD, no-shows in the general dermatology clinic were 2.24 times more likely (95% CI: 1.0003-5.02, P = 0.045). The odds for an SDD patient to be diagnosed with a code that was also seen in the ED was 13.0 (95% CI: 8.0-21.2, P < 0.01) times higher than the odds for the same diagnosis to be given to patients seen in the general dermatology clinic. ED visits cost 25% more than SDD visits. Patient charges for an ED visit are 207% more than for an SDD visit. CONCLUSIONS Urgent care dermatology clinic adds value to the healthcare system by providing quality care and excellent service at low cost. Dermatologists better utilize their skills by seeing acute, often-serious patients who would have otherwise been seen in the ED.
Targeting the Residual Leukemia Cells after Chemotherapy.

One of the biggest challenges in treating acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is relapse of aggressive disease after treatment. In this issue of Cancer Cell, Boyd et al. characterize a molecularly distinct population of chemotherapy-induced transient leukemic regenerating cells (LRCs), which can be exploited to prevent AML recurrence.
The Future of Muscle Relaxants Outside the Operating Room

The use of muscle relaxants outside the operating room fall into two general groups: I. General Anesthesia Areas in which general anesthesia may be given with or without the use of muscle relaxants include extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, diagnostic and therapeutic radiology (includes contrast angiography, angiographic embolization, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, radiation therapy, angioplasty, cardiac catheterization), cardioversion, electroconvulsant therapy, dental surgery, and office practice anesthesia. Only some of these procedures require muscle relaxants. A prime consideration is the often remote location of these anesthetizing locations (Le., ease of summoning help and obtaining emerging equipment may be limited). Basic questions arise including peripheral nerve stimulation monitoring (Le., a problem with magnetic resonance imaging), neurologic conditions (Le., hyperkalemia with succinylcholine) and prolonged paralysis.