cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The ABC's of Adventure-Based Learning

Adventure-based learning (ABL) consists of highly structured physical activity with periods of reflection (i.e., debrief) that help promote personal and social development. It can be used as a valid curriculum in physical education to promote intrapersonal and interpersonal relationships. This type of curriculum can also help physical educators demonstrate student-learning outcomes associated with SHAPE America National Standard 4, which focuses on responsible personal and social behavior. The purpose of this article is to provide an alphabetical list of pragmatic adventure practices, tips, terminology and related resources for physical educators who would like to learn more about this type of curriculum. Using an alphabetical list as a framework allows novice-to-experienced educators to briefly read about a variety of ABL best practices and (if so desired) pursue those topics further by using the resources referenced throughout the article.
CRANIAL AND DENTAL ANATOMY OF ANTILOHYRAX PECTIDENS: A LATE EOCENE HYRACOID (MAMMALIA) FROM THE FAYUM, EGYPT

Abstract The hyracoid Antilohyrax pectidens Rasmussen and Simons, 2000 from quarry L-41 in the Fayum, Egypt displays many interesting features, including a comb-like, pectinate lower first incisor similar to that of the dermopteran Cynocephalus. Antilohyrax was originally described as lacking upper incisors, and having retracted nasal bones and selenodont cheek teeth, functionally resembling characters found in bovid artiodactyls. Analysis of cranial and postcranial material led to the hypothesis that Antilohyrax was a cursorial browser. Recent expeditions have recovered additional material that contributes greater detail about cranial and dental morphology and allows for the reassessment of characters previously unknown or misinterpreted. Among these is the presence of at least two pairs of upper incisors, the central pair of which form tusks as in all other hyracoids, and a slender nasal bone which projects anteriorly to the level of the premaxilla. There is evidence of a pad on the premaxilla that occl...
The McDonaldization of psychotherapy: Processed foods, processed therapies, and economic class

Questions pertaining to “empirically supported treatments” (ESTs) frequently address concerns about “measurement” and “evidence,” but rarely frame the conversation in terms of differences in the linguistic possibilities represented in each treatment orientation and how the availability and marketing of therapeutic languages are parsed out along class lines. Moving the conversation “beyond ESTs,” the author addresses how language positions persons into a particular relationship with their experience—a way of understanding their suffering and identity—and the significance of understanding therapeutic orientations as representing an epistemological pluralism rather than existing merely on an evaluative axis related to evidence and effectiveness. Next, the intersection between language, experience, and class access to treatment orientations and discourses is considered. It is argued that the emphasis on evidence-based modalities and symptom-reduction models impacts the experiential possibilities of persons in...
Money as Emotion in the Distribution of Wealth at Divorce

This chapter appears in a volume assessing the American Law Institute's Principles of the Law of Family Dissolution. [Reconceiving the Family: Critique on the American Law Institute's Principles of the Law of Family Dissolution, edited by Robin Fretwell Wilson, Cambridge University Press, July 2006.] The ALI attempts to separate financial matters from nonfinancial matters (behavior and emotions), in divorce proceedings. This separation effort pervades the Principles, appearing in provisions governing alimony, property distribution, marital agreements, and the grounds for divorce. This chapter evaluates this effort in several areas, ending with a focus on the ALI's treatment of financial misconduct. It concludes that the impulse to separate financial from emotional issues at divorce is understandable, but futile. Finances are not distinct from emotions in relationships. Rather, they are an avenue through which emotions are expressed. Money in relationships is not distinctly transparent, but complicated by emotional exchanges, just as are betrayal, apology, laziness, tolerance, loyalty, or daily bargaining. The ALI's attempt to bury the thorniest issues presented by a divorce proceeding is futile, because those issues will resurface in different forms in the doctrine. Courts cannot disentangle finance from emotions or behavior within relationships.
Development in vitro of Penicillin-Resistant Strains of the Gonococcus.

SummaryFive strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae were made resistant in vitro to concentrations of penicillin 8, 64, 128, 200, and 400 times greater than the initial concentration permitting growth. Morphological changes of the gonococcus and a delayed fermentation of glucose were observed in the strains during the development of resistance to the drug.
Effect of hydrocortisone on pituitary ACTH and adrenal weight in the rat.

SummaryPituitary ACTH and adrenal weight were concurrently determined, in the rat, during treatment with hydrocortisone (3 and 6 mg/100 g, daily). An immediate and slight depletion of pituitary ACTH was followed by rise to a peak of 133% of the initial level, reached after 4 hours and tapering off in the next 20 hours. A sharp decrease was observed thereafter. Less than 10% of the original concentration was found after 24 days of the 6 mg regimen. No ACTH could be detected after 55 days, at the 3 mg dosage level. This regimen (3 mg) induced an exponential reduction of the adrenal weight to hypophysectomy level within 32–55 days. From available indices of ACTH release under comparable conditions, it is inferred that the initial post-injection fall of pituitary ACTH is related to the ACTH-releasing effect of the injection per se, and its subsequent rise, to the inhibitory effect of the steroid on further release. Sustained and complete blockade of release during the chronic phase of the treatment is suggest...
Interest in spiritually integrated psychotherapy among acute psychiatric patients.

Objective Spiritually integrated psychotherapy (SIP) is increasingly common, though systematic assessment of interest in such treatments, and predictors of such interest, has not yet been conducted among acute psychiatric patients. Methods We conducted a survey with 253 acute psychiatric patients (95-99% response rate) at a private psychiatric hospital in Eastern Massachusetts to assess for interest in SIP, religious affiliation, and general spiritual or religious involvement alongside clinical and demographic factors. Results More than half (58.2%) of patients reported "fairly" or greater interest in SIP, and 17.4% reported "very much" interest. Demographic and clinical factors were not significant predictors except that current depression predicted greater interest. Religious affiliation and general spiritual or religious involvement were associated with more interest; however, many affiliated patients reported low or no interest (42%), and conversely many unaffiliated patients reported "fairly" or greater interest (37%). Conclusions Many acute psychiatric patients, particularly individuals with major depression, report interest in integrating spirituality into their mental health care. Assessment of interest in SIP should be considered in the context of clinical care.
The GABA(A) receptor complex as a target for fluoxetine action.

The clinically important antidepressant fluoxetine is established as a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor. This study demonstrates that fluoxetine also interacts with the GABAA receptor complex. At concentrations above 10 μM fluoxetine inhibited the binding of both [3H]GABA (IC50 = 2 mM) and [3H]flunitrazepam (IC50 = 132 μM ) to the GABAA receptor complex in brain cortical membranes. Low fluoxetine concentrations (1 nM) enhanced GABA-stimulated Cl− uptake by a rat cerebral cortical vesicular preparation. At higher concentrations (100 μM and 1 mM), however, fluoxetine inhibited GABA-stimulated Cl− uptake, an effect related to a reduction in Emax. These observations might assist in an explanation of the basis of the antidepressant action of fluoxetine.
How Invariant Feature Selectivity Is Achieved in Cortex

Making sense of the environment is paramount to survival. Yet, how this accomplished by the nervous system remains largely unknown, even in the comparatively well understood visual system. It is especially unclear how detailed peripheral signal representations are transformed into the object-oriented representations that are independent of object position and are provided by the final stages of processing. This perspective discusses advances in computational algorithms for fitting large-scale models that make it possible to reconstruct the intermediate steps of visual processing based on neural responses to natural stimuli. In particular, it is now possible to characterize how different types of position invariance, such as local (also known as phase invariance) and more global, are interleaved with nonlinear operations to allow for coding of curved contours. Neurons in the mid-level visual area V4 exhibit selectivity to pairs of even- and odd-symmetric profiles along curved contours. Such pairing is reminiscent of the response properties of complex cells in the primary visual cortex (V1) and suggests specific ways in which V1 signals are transformed within subsequent visual cortical areas. These examples illustrate that large-scale models fitted to neural responses to natural stimuli can provide generative models of successive stages of sensory processing.
Essential Components of a Successful Breast Core Needle Biopsy Program: Imaging Modalities, Sampling Techniques, Specimen Processing, Radiologic/Pathologic Correlation, and Appropriate Follow-Up

A successful breast core needle biopsy program provides numerous advantages for patients, radiologists, pathologists, surgeons, biomedical research, and the healthcare system. In order to obtain optimal results, it is essential that multiple healthcare providers and disciplines closely communicate and fully cooperate. The complexity of the process from the detection of a lesion, to biopsy, to ultimate outcome creates many opportunities for error. This chapter is a comprehensive guide for best practices for core needle biopsies. The chapter begins with an explanation of how imaging modalities (mammography, ultrasound, and MRI) detect breast abnormalities and how these findings correlate with pathologic lesions. Types of breast needle biopsies and the resulting specimens are then discussed in conjunction with information necessary to determine radiologic/pathologic correlation by both the radiologist and the pathologist. Recommendations for specimen handling from the removal by the radiologist to the creation of the glass slides by the histotechnologist are included. These topics are followed by optimal practices for identifying, excising, and examining a lesion previously sampled by needle biopsy. Throughout the chapter, commonly seen artifacts and possible pitfalls are discussed and illustrated. The chapter concludes with a review of rare cancer recurrences in needle tracks.
Targeted Replacement of the Murine Thrombomodulin Gene with Human Thrombomodulin Coding Sequence Results in Decreased Protein C Activation and Enhanced Thrombotic Response to Photochemical Injury.

Thrombomodulin is an endothelial transmembrane glycoprotein that regulates hemostasis and inflammation. Deletion of the thrombomodulin gene in mice results in embryonic lethality. To examine the function of human thrombomodulin in a murine model, we used gene targeting to replace the entire coding sequence of the intronless murine thrombomodulin gene with a human thrombomodulin cDNA. Mice derived from successfully targeted 129/SvEv embryonic stem cells were maintained on either a 129/SvEv background or a mixed (129/B6) background. Mice homozygous for the modified allele ( hthm/hthm ) were viable, and the total amount of thrombomodulin mRNA (measured by real time PCR) did not differ between hthm/hthm and wild-type ( +/+) mice (p>0.05). In heterozygous ( hthm/+) mice, the ratio of human to murine thrombomodulin mRNA was similar in lung, heart, and kidney, and expression of murine thrombomodulin transcripts was 50% of that in wild-type (+/+) mice. Expression of human thrombomodulin protein was detected in endothelium by immunohistochemistry and in lung lysates by enzyme linked immunoassay. Thrombomodulin cofactor activity, measured in a protein C activation assay with human protein C and thrombin, was decreased in the aorta of hthm/hthm mice (1.1±0.5 nmol/mm) compared with +/+ mice (3.6±0.3 nmol/mm; p hthm/hthm mice (0.7±0.1 nmol/mg protein) than in +/+ mice (2.5±0.5 nmol/mg protein; p hthm/hthm and +/+ mice was even greater when measured with murine protein C and thrombin (0.7±0.6 vs. 5.2±0.9 nmol/mg protein; p Hthm/+ mice had intermediate levels of cofactor activity with either human or murine reagents. Time to thrombotic occlusion of the carotid artery after photochemical injury (rose bengal and green laser) was shorter in hthm/hthm mice than in +/+ mice (10.4±3.0 vs. 34.6±10.6 minutes; p hthm/hthm mice suggests that this animal model may be useful for investigation of human thrombomodulin function in vivo .
Recent Increases in the U.S. Maternal Mortality Rate: Disentangling Trends From Measurement Issues.

MacDorman et al1 aim to quantify the contribution of a pregnancy checkbox added to the 2003 U.S. standard death certificate to the estimated increase in U.S. maternal mortality during 2000–2014. Given its variable adoption by states, both in terms of format and timing, the authors skillfully employ
Learning From the 2016 U.S. General Election Presidential Debates

Over four decades of research show that presidential debates make it possible for viewers to learn about the issues and form opinions about the character of the candidates running for office, but w...
Improving the Transparency of the Sharing Economy

The idealistic beginnings of the sharing economy made ways to an entrenched battle to win over the public opinion and for law makers to appreciate its benefits and its risks. The stakes are high as the success of services like Airbnb reveals that under-utilized assets (e.g. spare rooms or apartments left vacant) can be efficiently matched to individual demands to generate a significant surplus to their owners. Rules and regulation, which are increasingly felt as necessary by many communities, also create friction over the best way to leverage these opportunities for growth. To make things worse, the sharing economy is complex and poorly documented: Three recent reports from public institutions and lobbying groups arrived at opposite conclusions with seemingly contradictory facts about the occupancy distribution. In this paper, we show how to overcome this opacity by offering the first large-scale, reproducible study of Airbnb's supply and transactions. We devised and deployed frequently repeated crawls using no proprietary data. We show that these can be used to accurately estimate not only the supply of available rooms, but the effective transactions, occupancy, and revenue of hosts. Our results provide the first complete view of the occupancy and the distribution of revenue, revealing important trends that generalize previous observations. In particular we found that previous observations that seemed at odds are all explained by a variant of the "inspection paradox". We also found from our detailed data that enforcing a maximum occupancy of 90 nights a year would greatly reduce most concerns raised by various advocacy groups, while affecting only marginally the justifying claims that Airbnb quotes to argue for its beneficial impact.
Family Narratives of Biliteracy

This article explores the concept of narratives of biliteracy or how two bilingual mothers defined biliteracy for their families through the construction of narratives. This study is approached through a theoretical discussion of narratives to investigate how the two families constructed certain versions of their realities as they observed, interpreted and made sense of their children's experiences in reading in two languages. After presenting each family's narrative, this study will explore how underlying these narratives are language-driven ideologies that allowed each mother to construct different meanings of bilingualism and biliteracy for their families. The findings and conclusion suggest that these language-driven ideologies were based on how the mothers discussed the positive and negative effects that learning in two languages has on their children's educational and transnational experiences.
svt: Singular Value Thresholding in MATLAB

Many statistical learning methods such as matrix completion, matrix regression, and multiple response regression estimate a matrix of parameters. The nuclear norm regularization is frequently employed to achieve shrinkage and low rank solutions. To minimize a nuclear norm regularized loss function, a vital and most time-consuming step is singular value thresholding, which seeks the singular values of a large matrix exceeding a threshold and their associated singular vectors. Currently MATLAB lacks a function for singular value thresholding. Its built-in svds function computes the top r singular values/vectors by Lanczos iterative method but is only efficient for sparse matrix input, while aforementioned statistical learning algorithms perform singular value thresholding on dense but structured matrices. To address this issue, we provide a MATLAB wrapper function svt that implements singular value thresholding. It encompasses both top singular value decomposition and thresholding, handles both large sparse matrices and structured matrices, and reduces the computation cost in matrix learning algorithms.
Impact of Radiofrequency Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation on Pulmonary Vein Cross Sectional Area: Implications for the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Vein Stenosis.

Introduction: Restoration of normal sinus rhythm by radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients can result in a reduction of left atrial (LA) volume and pulmonary vein (PV) dimensions. It is not clear if this PV size reduction represents a secondary effect of overall LA volume reduction or true PV stenosis. We assessed the relationship between LA volume reduction and PV orifice area pre- and post-RFA. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted at a tertiary care academic hospital. Pre- and post-RFA cardiac computed tomography (CT) studies of 100 consecutive AF patients were reviewed. Studies identifying obvious segmental PV narrowing were excluded. Left atrial volumes and PV orifice cross-sectional areas (PVOCA) were measured using proprietary software from the CT scanner vendor (GE Healthcare, Waukesha, WI). Results: The cohort had a mean age of 60 ± 8 years, 73% were male, and 90% were Caucasian. Non-paroxysmal AF was present in 76% of patients with a mean duration from diagnosis to RFA of 55 ± 54 months. Mean procedural time was 244 ± 70 min. AF recurred in 27% at 3 month follow-up. Pre-RFA LA volumes were 132 ± 60 ml and mean PVOCA was 2.89 ± 2.32 cm2. In patients with successful ablation, mean LA volume decreased by 10% and PVOCA decreased by 21%. PVOCA was significantly reduced in patients with successful RFA compared to those who had recurrence (2.18 ± 1.12 vs. 2.8 ± 1.9 cm2, p = 0.04) but reduction in LA volume between groups was not significant (118 ± 42 vs. 133 ± 54 ml, p=0.15). Conclusions: The study demonstrates that both PV orifice dimensions and LA volume are reduced after successful AF ablation. These data warrant a reassessment of criteria for diagnosing PV stenosis based on changes in PV caliber alone, ideally incorporating LA volume changes.
The Blatant Beast and the "Endlesse Trace" of Spenserian Romance

In Edmund Spenser's The Faerie Queene, the Blatant Beast, a slanderous monster who defames aristocratic characters, both threatens and helps generate the poem. His attacks unsettle the hierarchies ...
Constrained-Based Differential Privacy: Releasing Optimal Power Flow Benchmarks Privately

This paper considers the problem of releasing optimal power flow benchmarks that maintain the privacy of customers (loads) using the notion of Differential Privacy. It is motivated by the observation that traditional differential-privacy mechanisms are not accurate enough: The added noise fundamentally changes the nature of the underlying optimization and often leads to test cases with no solution. To remedy this limitation, the paper introduces the framework of Constraint-Based Differential Privacy (CBDP) that leverages the post- processing immunity of differential privacy to improve the accuracy of traditional mechanisms. More precisely, CBDP solves an optimization problem to satisfies the problem-specific constraints by redistributing the noise. The paper shows that CBDP enjoys desirable theoretical properties and produces orders of magnitude improvements on the largest set of test cases available.
Malignancy After Immunosuppressive Therapy

Immunosuppressed organ allograft recipients have a 3- to 4-fold increased risk of developing cancer, but the risk of developing certain malignancies is increased several hundred-fold. Most of the common neoplasms seen in the general population are not increased in incidence. Instead, there is a higher frequency of some relatively rare tumours, including Kaposi’s sarcoma, renal carcinomas, other sarcomas, vulvar and perineal carcinomas and hepatobiliary carcinomas. Tumours appear a relatively short time after transplantation. The earliest is Kaposi’s sarcoma, which appears an average of 22 months post-transplantation, and the latest to appear are vulvar and perineal carcinomas, which present an average of 113 months after transplantation. Unusual features of the lymphomas are: (a) the high incidence of non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas; (b) a high frequency of Epstein-Barr virus-related lesions; (c) frequent involvement of extranodal sites; (d) a marked predilection for the brain; and (e) frequent allograft involvement. Skin cancers also present unusual features: (a) a remarkably high frequency of Kaposi’s sarcoma; (b) reversal of the ratio of basal to squamous cell carcinomas seen in the general population; (c) the young age of the patients; and (d) the high incidence of multiple tumours, which are observed in 43% of patients. Vulvar and perineal cancers occur at a much younger age than in the general population. As the immunosuppressed state per se and various potentially oncogenic viruses play a major role in causing these cancers, preventive measures include reducing immunosuppression to the lowest level compatible with good allograft function and prophylactic measures against certain virus infections. Reduction of exposure to sunlight may also reduce the incidence of skin cancer.
Visualizing a Theory of the Assessment of Students’ Knowledge of Mathematics

Assessment has begun to assume an increasingly important role in education. More than ever before national, state and district assessments are exerting pressures on teachers and students to achieve high levels of performance. National and international assessment results have drawn the attention of policy makers who use them as leverage for mandating change in education in hopes of bettering the nation’s competitive edge. In the United States, the A Nation at Risk report (National Commission on Excellence in Education, 1983) delineated the problem by comparing American students’ relatively low test scores with those of students from other industrialized nations, as well as noting the decline from 1963 to 1980 in average mathematics scores on the College Board’s Scholastic Aptitude Tests (SAT).
Common Sense, Clinicians, and Actuarialism in the Detection of Malingering during Head Injury Litigation

With the explosion of civil litigation related to personal injury over the last 25 or so years, the issue of malingering has grown substantially as well. There is little agreement as to base rates for malingering in the population of patients seen by neuropsychologists or psychologists generally. The base rate in the general patient population seen by neuropsychologists is almost certain to differ substantively from the base rate for malingering among patients seen during litigation related to a claim of brain injury1 (see Pritchard, 1997). Estimates for base rates of malingering range from 1 to 50% among the population of head injury litigants, according to other authors in this volume.
Carbon Dioxide Mediated Transesterification of Mixed Triacylglyceride Substrates

Conversion of oil feedstocks to fatty acid alkyl esters is a necessary step to produce biodiesel and other biobased products. These conversion processes must be robust for a number of different fee...
A Bioinformatics Approach to Identifying Wolbachia Infections in Arthropods

Wolbachia is the most widespread endosymbiont, infecting >20% of arthropod species, and capable of drastically manipulating the host's reproductive mechanisms. Conventionally, diagnosis has relied on PCR amplification; however, PCR is not always a reliable diagnostic technique due to primer specificity, strain diversity, degree of infection and/or tissue sampled. Here, we look for evidence of Wolbachia infection across a wide array of arthropod species using a bioinformatic approach to detect the Wolbachia genes ftsZ, wsp, and the groE operon in next-generation sequencing samples available through the NCBI Sequence Read Archive. For samples showing signs of infection, we attempted to assemble entire Wolbachia genomes, and in order to better understand the relationships between hosts and symbionts, phylogenies were constructed using the assembled gene sequences. Out of the 34 species with positively identified infections, eight species of arthropod had not previously been recorded to harbor Wolbachia infection. All putative infections cluster with known representative strains belonging to supergroup A or B, which are known to only infect arthropods. This study presents an efficient bioinformatic approach for post-sequencing diagnosis and analysis of Wolbachia infection in arthropods.
Measurement on a Sample of Fuel Cell at High Temperature

Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs) can be designed in either a planar or non-planar configuration. Since modern fuel cell assemblies are constructed from several different materials and operate at relatively high temperatures, 550–750 °C, the experimental characterization of the in-situ response is of interest for model validation. This study employs stereo-vision and stereo-DIC to measure both full-field surface strains and the out-of-plane displacement on the surface of a heterogeneous cell during operation.
From Empirical Analysis to Public Policy: Evaluating Housing Systems for Homeless Youth

There are nearly 2 million homeless youth in the United States each year. Coordinated entry systems are being used to provide homeless youth with housing assistance across the nation. Despite these efforts, the number of youth still homeless or unstably housed remains very high. Motivated by this fact, we initiate a first study to understand and analyze the current governmental housing systems for homeless youth. In this paper, we aim to provide answers to the following questions: (1) What is the current governmental housing system for assigning homeless youth to different housing assistance? (2) Can we infer the current assignment guidelines of the local housing communities? (3) What is the result and outcome of the current assignment process? (4) Can we predict whether the youth will be homeless after receiving the housing assistance? To answer these questions, we first provide an overview of the current housing systems. Next, we use simple and interpretable machine learning tools to infer the decision rules of the local communities and evaluate the outcomes of such assignment. We then determine whether the vulnerability features/rubrics can be used to predict youth’s homelessness status after receiving housing assistance. Finally, we discuss the policy recommendations from our study for the local communities and the U.S. Housing and Urban Development (HUD).
A Response

Although Allen Rappaport is critical of many things, including authors, editors, and referees, it seems that his principal concerns with the article which Meir Rosenblatt and I wrote have to do with our interpretation of the data presented in Table 1 of that article. Rosenblatt and I looked at these data and concluded that “the trend is unmistakable... the rate of adoption of the use of discounting techniques may be slower than some would wish, but the trend is significant and in the right direction.
In silico and in vitro evaluation of brain penetration properties of selected nootropic agents

Aim: Predictive (in silico) data suggested that nootropic supplements may penetrate the blood–brain barrier (BBB). We evaluated, in vitro, the ability of nootropics to enter the brain based on the ...
The Effect of Research Joint Ventures on R&D

A major concern in the literature still remains with respect to the potential of inter-firm cooperation for a dampening effect on the overall R&D expenditure of the participants. The concern arises especially when cooperation is horizontal and has attracted significant attention from American antitrust authorities (Federal Trade Commission, 1996). In addition to its potential for positive welfare effects, collaboration in R&D may be used by firms to diminish competition, delay quality advances, and reduce incentives to innovate. It may also be used to set standards and gain competitive advantages over superior products of other firms.
A Tunable Electrostatic MEMS Pressure Switch

In this article, we demonstrate a tunable air pressure switch. The switch detects when the ambient pressure drops below a threshold value and automatically triggers without the need for any computational overhead to read the pressure or trigger the switch. The switch exploits the significant fluid interaction of a microelectro-mechanical systems beam undergoing a large oscillation from electrostatic levitation to detect changes in ambient pressure. If the oscillation amplitude near the resonant frequency is above a threshold level, dynamic pull-in is triggered and the switch is closed. The pressure at which the switch closes can be tuned by adjusting the voltage applied to the switch. The use of electrostatic levitation allows the device to be released from their pulled-in position and reused many times without mechanical failure. A theoretical model is derived and validated with experimental data. It is experimentally demonstrated that the pressure switching mechanism is feasible.
Transnational literacy practices of two Burmese families: an ethnographic study

Abundant research has examined the literacy practices of immigrant students, but little is known about the transnational literacies of Burmese refugee children and parents. Drawing upon literacy as...
An Examination of the Researcher Guard Role: Bringing Prison Fieldwork into the 21st Century

In 1986, James Marquart published a seminal article on qualitative methodology in Justice Quarterly. In that piece he presented the strengths and weaknesses associated with the researcher guard role he used while conducting a prison ethnography in Texas. His method led to data that is still central to our understanding of prison culture. However, in the past 30 years, correctional philosophy and practice have undergone significant shifts in the United States. Despite these shifts, there has been a dramatic decrease in prison ethnography during the same time period. This article presents a modern adaptation of Marquart’s method, based on a recently completed ethnography of officer culture in a Midwestern state.
Characteristics associated with marijuana use in Latinx college students.

While marijuana use rates are significantly high within college students, less is known about use patterns and correlates in Latinx groups. This study assessed the relationships between ever use an...
Geometric Quantization of Vector Bundles and the Correspondence with Deformation Quantization

I repeat my definition for quantization of a vector bundle. For the cases of the Toeplitz and geometric quantizations of a compact Kahler manifold, I give a construction for quantizing any smooth vector bundle, which depends functorially on a choice of connection on the bundle.
Duration of light-emitting diode (LED) supplemental lighting providing far-red radiation during seedling production influences subsequent time to flower of long-day annuals

Abstract A low red (R) to far-red (FR) radiation ratio can hasten or promote a flowering response in many long-day plants (LDPs). However, the majority of light-emitting diode (LED) supplemental lighting (SL) fixtures on the market only contain blue (B) and R LEDs and thus, flowering of some LDPs may be delayed if FR radiation is not included in the spectrum. The objectives of this study were to determine 1) the minimum duration of FR radiation needed at the seedling stage to promote subsequent flowering of LDPs and 2) to quantify the response of day-neutral plants to the addition of FR radiation. Upon germination, seedlings of calibrachoa ‘Kabloom Light Pink Blast’ or ‘Kabloom Pink Blast’ (Calibrachoa ×hybrida), impatiens ‘Accent Premium Red’ (Impatiens walleriana), petunia ‘Wave Carmine Velour’ (Petunia ×hybrida), and snapdragon ‘Liberty Classic Yellow’ (Antirrhinum majus), were placed under lighting treatments that included a 9-h truncated short day (SD) or five SL treatments delivering a total photon flux density (TPFD) of 70 μmol m−2 s−1 for up to 16 h day–1 based on an instantaneous threshold. The LED SL treatments defined by their wavebands (photon flux density in μmol m–2 s–1) of B (400–500 nm) and R (600–700 nm) radiation with or without FR (700–800 nm) radiation were B15R40FR15 or B20R50. After 14 or 21 days under B20R50 LED SL, randomly selected seedlings were transferred to B15R40FR15 LED SL where they stayed for the remainder of the experiment for a total of 28 days. Thus, the treatments were 9-h SD, HPS SL, B20R50, B20R50 (21 days) + B15R40FR15 (7 days), B20R50 (14 days) + B15R40FR15 (14 days), and B15R40FR15 (28 days) LED SL. Petunia stem length was not influenced by lighting treatment whereas snapdragon was 17% taller under B20R50 (21 or 14 days) + B15R40FR15 SL (7 or 14 days) and HPS SL compared to B15R40FR15 SL. Additionally, the root dry mass for snapdragon was up to 33% and 22% lower under B20R50 (14 days) + B15R40FR15 SL (14 days) or B15R40FR15 SL, respectively, compared to all other treatments. Time to first visible bud and flower was hastened by B15R40FR15 SL (7–28 days) up to 3 and 8 days for calibrachoa and snapdragon, respectively, compared to HPS or B20R50 SL. Our results indicate that the inclusion of FR radiation via LED SL provided for ≥14 days at the end of the seedling stage can hasten time to flower of LDPs without excessive stem elongation at flower.
Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption and Calcified Atherosclerotic Plaques in the Coronary Arteries: The NHLBI Family Heart Study.

Background: Sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intake is associated with higher risk of weight gain, diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and cardiovascular mortality. However, the association of SSB with subclinical atherosclerosis in the general population is unknown. Objective: Our primary objective was to investigate the association between SSB intake and prevalence of atherosclerotic plaque in the coronary arteries in The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) Family Heart Study. Methods: We studied 1991 participants of the NHLBI Family Heart Study without known coronary heart disease. Intake of SSB was assessed through a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Coronary artery calcium (CAC) was measured by cardiac Computed Tomography (CT) and prevalent CAC was defined as an Agatston score ≥100. We used generalized estimating equations to calculate adjusted prevalence ratios of CAC. A sensitivity analysis was also performed at different ranges of cut points for CAC. Results: Mean age and body mass index (BMI) were 55.0 years and 29.5 kg/m2, respectively, and 60% were female. In analysis adjusted for age, sex, BMI, smoking, alcohol use, physical activity, energy intake, and field center, higher SSB consumption was not associated with higher prevalence of CAC [prevalence ratio (95% confidence interval) of: 1.0 (reference), 1.36 (0.70–2.63), 1.69 (0.93–3.09), 1.21 (0.69–2.12), 1.05 (0.60–1.84), and 1.58 (0.85–2.94) for SSB consumption of almost never, 1–3/month, 1/week, 2–6/week, 1/day, and ≥2/day, respectively (p for linear trend 0.32)]. In a sensitivity analysis, there was no evidence of association between SSB and prevalent CAC when different CAC cut points of 0, 50, 150, 200, and 300 were used. Conclusions: These data do not provide evidence for an association between SSB consumption and prevalent CAC in adult men and women.
A Search for Secondary Hypertension: “Where’s Waldo?”

Hypertension is an important modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease and stroke. Most cases are diagnosed as essential hypertension however, in some patients, a secondary (and potentially curable) cause is identified. Selecting the right patient to screen for a secondary cause can be challenging and certain clinical and laboratory characteristics can guide work-up. We report a case of a 67-year-old man who presented with intracranial hemorrhage. He had a history of resistant hypertension for three decades and chronic hypokalemia while on a non-diuretic antihypertensive regimen. We discuss our approach to a hypertensive hypokalemic phenotype that led to the diagnosis of Liddle’s syndrome with complete amelioration of hypokalemia with directed therapy. This case highlights the importance of accurate and early screening for causes of secondary hypertension in the outpatient community, and in doing so, preventing downstream catastrophic outcomes. It is imperative to develop a clear, concise approach to secondary hypertension, and raising awareness for the importance of early diagnosis as it can potentially avoid downstream sequela.
Sets, Relations and Maps

Sets, relations and maps are foundational for all types of mathematical structures. The material in the early part of this chapter is likely to be familiar and is largely intuitive, but we will need to be comfortable extending these ideas to various algebraic and topological structures as the text proceeds. The topics that appear later in the chapter—among them the various types of maps and the concept of a quotient set—are likely to be less familiar. Regardless of your background with this material, you should nonetheless at least review it if for no other reason than to familiarize yourself with the notation which, to some extent, is always author-dependent.
Aromatic hydrocarbon data in sediments from Port Valdez, Alaska

Abstract Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) were measured in sediments from 14 locations in Port Valdez, Alaska in an effort to understand changes associated with the operation of a marine terminal where crude oil delivered by pipeline was transferred to tankers for marine shipment. Samples of surficial sediment were collected annually from 1989 through 2019 at water depths of roughly 30 to 240 m by haps corer of Van Veen grab. PAH concentrations were determined by flame-ionization gas chromatography from 1989 to 2002 and by single ion monitoring gas chromatography-mass spectrometry from 2003 to 2019. Geographic coordinates and environmental variables (water depth, total organic carbon, and sediment grain-size) were also determined. The data are useful for comparisons to trend data elsewhere as well as the investigation of measurement uncertainty in chemical measurements.
The Development of the Emotions

In their review of the literature on socioemotional development, Campos, Barrett, Lamb, Goldsmith, and Stenberg (1983) point out a dramatic change in the Zeitgeist concerning the importance of emotion in understanding behavior. Whereas the study of emotion held considerable importance in the early part of this century, by 1970 there were very few references to emotion in standard reference works in the area of developmental psychology. Moreover, the only interest in emotion that occurred at all was in cases where emotions were used as dependent variables to measure some cognitive or perceptual process. For example, one way to determine the cognitive capabilities of infants is to observe the “smile of assimilation” shown in response to discrepant schemas (Kagan, 1971). In recent years, however, the study of emotion has generated a number of new theories, and there is a large mass of data on the functions of emotion in the social behavior of children as well as on developmental changes in the emotions.
New Institutional Mechanisms for Making Constitutional Law

Traditionally, two general methods have been used to make constitutional law. The first involves creating a constitutional text, and has been done by constituent assemblies convened especially for that purpose or by legislatures either proposing replacement constitutions or more limited constitutional amendments. The second involves interpreting existing constitutional texts, and has been done by specialized constitutional courts or generalist courts. After describing briefly what we know about how constitutional law is made by these traditional methods, this essay turns to some recent innovations in making constitutional law, which I describe generically as involving substantially higher levels of public participation than in the traditional methods: the process of drafting a proposed new constitution for Iceland, and the practice of “public hearings” in the Brazilian Supreme Federal Court. My aim is to identify some features of these newer methods that might be of interest to scholars of comparative constitutional law. For that reason, the essay paints in deliberately broad strokes, isolating features that may point in the direction of a more general understanding of constitution-making processes while ignoring features that may play crucial roles in the two specific processes on which I focus.
Abstract 5560: Quercetin overcomes chemotherapy resistance in triple negative breast cancer

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is one of the most aggressive breast cancers and is characterized by poor prognosis and high possibilities of tumor relapse. TNBC lacks specific receptors that are targets for breast cancer treatment options. Plant flavonoids have been identified to inhibit tumor growth and metastasis in various cancers. Our study revealed that quercetin, one of the major flavonoids present in fruits, vegetables, green tea, and red wine inhibit TNBC migration and invasion. Our data indicate that quercetin is able to induce the expression of E-cadherin and also down regulate vimentin levels in TNBC cells. Further the cellular localization of β-catenin is also altered by quercetin treatment. Also, studies identified that quercetin is capable of inhibiting the chemotherapy induced TGF-β signaling in TNBC cells, and that it would decrease the development of chemotherapy resistance in TNBC. Quercetin inhibits the TGF-β induced phosphorylation status of smad-2 in drug resistant cells. Further, quercetin is able to inhibit the enhanced migration and mammosphere formation of chemoresistant TNBC cells. Taken together, our findings revealed that quercetin is a promising natural product that increases the anti-cancer effect of chemotherapy drug in TNBC. Future studies in TNBC animal models are needed to confirm the therapeutic efficacy of quercetin in TNBC. Citation Format: Asha Srinivasan, Chellappagounder Thangavel, Yi Liu, Sunday Shoyele, Robert B. Den, Ponniah Selvakumar, Ashakumary Lakshmikuttyamma. Quercetin overcomes chemotherapy resistance in triple negative breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 5560. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-5560
Termination Analysis for Higher-Order Attribute Grammars

This paper describes a conservative analysis to detect non-termination in higher-order attribute grammar evaluation caused by the creation of an unbounded number of (finite) trees as local tree-valued attributes, which are then themselves decorated with attributes. This type of non-termination is not detected by a circularity analysis for higher-order attribute grammars. The analysis presented here uses term rewrite rules to model the creation of new trees on which attributes will be evaluated. If the rewrite rules terminate then only a finite number of trees will be created. To handle higher-order inherited attributes, the analysis places an ordering on non-terminals to schedule their use and ensure a finite number of passes over the generated trees. When paired with the traditional completeness and circularity analyses and the assumption that each attribute equation defines a terminating computation, this analysis can be used to show that attribute grammar evaluation will terminate normally. This analysis is applicable to a wide range of common attribute grammar idioms and has been used to show that evaluation of our specification of Java 1.4 terminates.
Protozoa in Marine and Estuarine Waters

Diversity of Protozoan Form and Function Major Protozoan Taxa, Abundances, and Distributions Ecological Roles of Protozoa Keywords: amoeboid protozoa; ciliated protozoa; flagellated protozoa; marine environment; models: role of protozoa; protozoa in marine environment
Microsomal electron transport reactions. 3. Cooperative interactions between reduced diphosphopyridine nucleotide and reduced triphosphopyridine nucleotide linked reactions.

Abstract DPNH, when added in the presence of a TPNH-generating system with steadystate concentrations of TPNH as low as 1 μ m , significantly affects the rate of formaldehyde formation during the rabbit liver microsome catalyzed oxidative demethylation of aminopyrine. Further, low steady-state concentrations of TPNH can cause a substantial increase (up to fourfold) in the rate of DPNH oxidation by microsomes. The unexpected ability of DPNH to markedly stimulate the rate of aminopyrine metabolism in the presence of either TPNH or TPN + plus a TPNH-generating system is not explained by any of the existing schemes of microsomal electron transport. The same is true for the ability of low levels of TPNH to significantly increase the rate of DPNH oxidation. The present paper suggests two possible mechanisms for microsomal electron transport to account for the cooperative interaction between TPNH and DPNH. These findings are considered of physiological significance since the normal cytosol environment of the hepatic cell contains both TPNH and DPNH.
Multiple congenital abnormalities with diaphyseal dysplasia (Camurati—Engelmann's syndrome)

Abstract A report of a 4 1 2 - year-old child with severe congenital abnormalities consistent with a diagnosis of progeria and associated with Camurati—Engelmann's disease has been presented. Interesting features of the case were the marked sclerotic changes in, and increased density of, the ribs and the mandible. The congenital craniostenoses have also been discussed. The dental eruption appeared to be normal, although there was severe enamel hypoplasia 0 an Angle Class I occlusion and a posterior cross-bite.