cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Realizing A Composable Enterprise Microservices Fabric with AI-Accelerated Material Discovery API Services

The complexity of building, deploying, and managing cross-organizational enterprise computing services with self-service, security, and quality assurances has been increasing exponentially in the era of hybrid multiclouds. AI-accelerated material discovery capabilities, for example, are desirable for enterprise application users to consume through business API services with assurance of satisfactory nonfunctional properties, e.g., enterprise-compliant self-service management of sharable sensitive data and machine learning capabilities at Internet scale. This paper presents a composable microservices based approach to creating and continuously improving enterprise computing services. Moreover, it elaborates on several key architecture design decisions for Navarch, a composable enterprise microservices fabric that facilitates consuming, managing, and composing enterprise API services. Under service management model of individual administration, every Navarch microservice is a managed composable API service that can be provided by an internal organization, an enterprise partner, or a public service provider. This paper also illustrates a Navarch-enabled systematic and efficient approach to transforming an AI-accelerated material discovery tool into secure, scalable, and composable enterprise microservices. Performance of the microservices can be continuously improved by exploiting advanced heterogeneous microservice hosting infrastructures. Factual comparative performance analyses are provided before the paper concludes with future work.
Community-based exercise programs and cancer-related fatigue: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

To explore the prevalence of cancer-related fatigue (CRF) within community-based exercise programs and to determine the overall impact that participation in community-based exercise programs have on CRF. Literature searches were performed in March and updated in April of 2020. Studies that were community-based in adult cancer populations and reported CRF outcomes were included. Mean and standard deviations for CRF from 12 studies were extracted in order to compute a pooled effect size via a random effects model. An overall percentage was computed to discern how many community-based exercise programs reported CRF. Sample sizes varied among studies with most patients being middle-aged with breast cancer in the post-treatment setting. Most programs implemented aerobic + resistance exercise training interventions (~77%). Only ~42% of programs identified in the review reported CRF outcomes. The random effects model produced a pooled effect size of 0.30 (p < 0.001). Fewer than half of the identified community-based exercise programs reported CRF outcomes (~42%). Of those that did, the random effects model revealed a small yet significant impact on improving CRF after exercise participation, though more research is certainly needed in this area. This review produced promising preliminary evidence for the impact of community-based exercise programs on CRF. As exercise interventions transition to community-based facilities, patients should feel confident that these programs will continue to assist in managing CRF that is commonly experienced across the cancer continuum.
Female victims of acquaintance rape in college: Incidence and effects of encounters with perpetrators.

Objectives: Acquaintance rape is the most common type of rape perpetrated against college women, but little information exists on later encounters with the perpetrator, lifestyle changes, and sympt...
Effects of nonresponse and coverage problems on survey estimates of physical activity

To what extent do survey nonresponse and coverage problems bias estimates of physical activity? Research has focused on social desirability as a cause of observed bias but there are relatively few ...
Exosomes in Intestinal Inflammation.

Exosomes are 30-150nm sized vesicles produced by cells to facilitate intercellular transport and signaling. Exosomes may carry different cargo including nucleic acids, proteins and lipids. Exosomes can be released by a variety of cells and are found in most physiological fluids (blood, urine, saliva, breast milk). Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a consequence of a dysregulated mucosal immune system, and can lead to several complications. Current methods of diagnosing and monitoring IBD are invasive, time-consuming, and lack specificity for inflammatory pathways. Exosomes are released by inflamed intestinal epithelial cells which can be captured in blood, urine or feces, with potential as non-invasive biomarkers in IBD. This review aims to understand the exosome profile in humans and other mammals, the cargo contained in them, the effect of exosomes on the gut, and the potential use of exosomes in therapy.
The Lost Generation: Excess Black Mortality During the Reagan and Bush Administrations

Javier M. Rodriguez, Ph.D., Population Studies Center & Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, rodrigjm@umich.edu Dean E. Robinson, University of Massachusetts, at Amherst, deanr@polsci.umass.edu Recent research has identified previously unsuspected associations between political actors and institutions and drastic health disparities on the basis of race in the United States. In this study we report and assess national- and state-level excess black mortality during the Reagan and Bush administrations. We analyze tens of millions of deaths occurring 10 years before, during, and 10 years after Reagan's and Bush's administration from the Multiple Causes of Death files, and complemented these data with the Census Bureau estimates of the US population. We implement non-parametric estimates of the excess deceased as well as time trend splines to statistically test the changes of black excess mortality patterns that occurred during the study period. Results show uniformly distributed excess black deaths across US states, with national excess black deaths increasing from the mid-60,000s at the beginning of Reagan's administration to almost 100,000 deaths per year at the end of Bush's administration. An interpretation of these patterns and figures are offered. Socioeconomic and racial disparities in health seem to emanate from and reciprocally shape the political system.
An existence theorem for the discrete coagulation–fragmentation equations: II. Inclusion of source and efflux terms

This paper proves the existence of solutions for the discrete coagulation–fragmentation equation over all times, even when source and efflux terms are present. The hypotheses required cover most physical applications. Roughly speaking, the hypotheses ensure a finite flux of mass through the system. The techniques used, which extend those in I of this series, may apply to other infinite systems of differential equations.
The LHNCBC Experimental CAI Network, 1971–1975: An Administrative History

From July, 1972 through May, 1975, the Lister Hill National Center for Biomedical Communications (LHNCBC) of the National Library of Medicine (NLM) operated an experimental biomedical computer-assisted instruction network. This network, perhaps the first of its kind, connected three university data bases through a commercial time-sharing network to as many as 100 institutional users providing, at its peak, up to 3000 terminal connect hours per month. Information from and about the network has appeared in the literature: four papers by LHNCBC staff members (Lewis and Wooster, 1973; Wooster, 1973; Wooster and Lewis, 1973, 1974); two outside evaluations published as technical reports (Wakefield et al., 1973; Rubin et al., 1975), and as a journal article (Wakefield, 1973); and four special reports (Brigham, 1973a, b; Brigham et al., 1972; Kronick and Robinson, 1974). This paper attempts to fill a remaining lacuna — an administrative history of the network.
On Undecidability Aspects of Resilient Computations and Implications to Exascale

Future Exascale computing systems with a large number of processors, memory elements and interconnection links, are expected to experience multiple, complex faults, which affect both applications and operating-runtime systems. A variety of algorithms, frameworks and tools are being proposed to realize and/or verify the resilience properties of computations that guarantee correct results on failure-prone computing systems. We analytically show that certain resilient computation problems in presence of general classes of faults are undecidable, that is, no algorithms exist for solving them. We first show that the membership verification in a generic set of resilient computations is undecidable. We describe classes of faults that can create infinite loops or non-halting computations, whose detection in general is undecidable. We then show certain resilient computation problems to be undecidable by using reductions from the loop detection and halting problems under two formulations, namely, an abstract programming language and Turing machines, respectively. These two reductions highlight different failure effects: the former represents program and data corruption, and the latter illustrates incorrect program execution. These results call for broad-based, well-characterized resilience approaches that complement purely computational solutions using methods such as hardware monitors, co-designs, and system- and application-specific diagnosis codes.
RNA Metabolism and Prebiotic Synthesis of RNA

This chapter reviews the basic properties of the transcription process and then experiments that deal with prebiotic synthesis have been described. This chapter discusses the chemistry of the basic transcription process and then proceeds to the question of how RNAs were synthesized in the early stages of biological evolution. In prokaryotes, DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis all take place in the same cellular compartment, the cytosol. The first RNA polymerase to be discovered was a bacterial enzyme called polynucleotide phosphorylase. There are three major types of RNA that are transcribed from a nuclear DNA template: messenger RNA (mRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA), and transfer RNA (tRNA). These three RNAs work together in protein synthesis. The overall process for RNA synthesis on a duplex DNA, called transcription, can be conceptually divided into initiation, elongation, and termination. Most RNAs are not made in their final functional forms as they peel off the DNA template. They must undergo backbone phosphodiester-bond cleavages into smaller molecules (processing) and individual base changes (modification). The main polymers of biological importance are polysaccharides, polypeptides, and polynucleotides. Although the connectivities among monomeric units with each polymer type are virtually identical, other properties distinguish individual monomeric units. The versatility of RNA enzymes (ribozymes) in large measure results from complex folded structures that create a great variety of sites for binding coenzymes and substrates. It is noted that most cellular RNAs reflect the sequences of the DNA from which they are transcribed.
Disclosing Information about the Risk of Inherited Disease.

When faced with a situation that involves moral conflict, physicians may be able to make a decision that avoids violating one moral obligation as a means to fulfilling the other (e.g., disclose information without breaking confidentiality in order to prevent harm).
A Portrait of the Health Educators of 2001

(1989). A Portrait of the Health Educators of 2001. Health Education: Vol. 20, No. 2, pp. 33-35.
Genidentity and Topology of Time: Kurt Lewin and Hans Reichenbach

In the early 1920s, Hans Reichenbach and Kurt Lewin presented two topological accounts of time that appear to be interrelated in more than one respect. Despite their different approaches, their underlying idea is that time order is derived from specific structural properties of the world. In both works, moreover, the notion of genidentity—i.e., identity through or over time—plays a crucial role. Although it is well known that Reichenbach borrowed this notion from Kurt Lewin, not much has been written about their relationship, nor about the way Lewin implemented this notion in his own work in order to ground his topology. This paper examines these two early versions of the topology of time, and follows the extent of Lewin’s influence on Reichenbach’s proposal.
Padrões de distribuição e especiação em Chrysobalanaceae e outras famílias de plantas amazônicas

Neste trabalho sao apresentados padroes de distribuicao geografica de especies de Chrysobalanaceae, Caryocaraceae, Dichapetalaceae e Lecythidaceae. Seis padroes sao discutidos: especies amplamente distribuidas, polimorficas (ochlospecies) onde a variabilidade morfologica nao conduzia a especiacao; distribuicao disjunta onde a diferenciacao em especie nao ocorreu; especiacao atraves de separacao historica tal como isolamento durante o Pleistoceno; generos com grupos de especies muito relacionadas, que nao podem ser subdivididos em subgeneros; utilizou-se diagramas de isolinhas de especies para determinar o centro de diversidade dos generos; e, especies de savanas que inicialmente tinham distribuicao continua e que atualmente sao isoladas. A analise de talhada dos padroes de distribuicao e essencial para estudos de evolucao e especiacao das plantas superiores
Learning Newtonian Mechanics

Abstract How can a motor system learn the mechanical properties of the environment with which it interacts? We present a point of view that has emerged in the recent years from a combination of physiological, computational and psychophysical studies. This point of view is based upon the idea that the mechanical behavior of the motor system is organized into a set of vector–field primitives that the brain may take advantage of both for generating a variety of actions and for recognizing the mechanical properties of novel mechanical environments. The physiological evidence for these primitives comes from a series of microstimulation experiments performed on spinalized frogs. These experiments revealed the presence within the frog’s spinal cord of a set of neural circuits whose activation results into a field of forces acting upon the controlled limb. A crucial finding in these experiment was that the simultaneous activation of two sites results in the vectorial sum of the fields generated by the independent activation of each site. The vector summation property corresponds to requiring that each spinal site behave as a separate and independent module. This chapter will discuss how the brain may generate an entire repertoire of movements by the linear superposition of few force fields. According to this view, complex behaviors are built through an approximation process in which the brain combines the outputs of independent control networks. The same approximation may be applied to represent new mechanical environments to which a limb’s controller must adapt. Recent psychophysical experiments have suggested that when subjects must learn to move their arm within an unknown field of forces, they progressively build an internal model of this field. Here, it is argued that the internal model of the external field may result from the appropriate tuning of elementary control fields. A distinctive aspect of this field-approximation paradigm is that it provides a coordinate-invariant representation of motor control and learning.
FROM HAVE NOTS TO WATCH DOGS

Senior citizens are often positioned as ‘have nots’ in the digital age, but internet use among older Americans ranges from 68 per cent among those just entering their senior years to 17 per cent of those age 75+. About 70 per cent of online seniors report using the internet for health information. This study uses grounded theory to explore online health communication among older Americans. Open-ended survey responses from 357 internet users age 55+ were analyzed. Selective coding categories were: empowerment, personal and professional communities, and watchdogs and peer assumptions. These themes are discussed in the context of health communication literature with suggestions for future research.
Signal transduction: Feedback from inhibitory SMADs

Many biological processes involve signalling through the transforming growth factor-b (TGF-β) superfamily of proteins. In some pathways, TGF-b signals are mediated through the SMAD family of signal transducers. Smads 1, 2, 3 and 5 are activated when members of the TGF-b family bind their receptors, leading to association with Smad4 and a transcriptional response. Three groups now independently show that two new SMADs (Smads 6 and 7) and a Drosophila homologue inhibit this signalling process.
Quantitative Absolute Methods in the Study of Antigen-Antibody Reactions.

After giving an exhaustive survey of the immunochemical literature since Paul Ehrlich and Jules Bordet, Heidelberger in this survey article offered a detailed description of his development of the quantitative precipitin method, which for the first time allowed the accurate measurement of the absolute weight of even minute quantities of specific polysaccharides and of proteins in immune precipitates.
Total Energy Control System Autopilot Design with Constrained Parameter Optimization

This paper describes the application of a multivariable control design method (SANDY) based on constrained parameter optimization to the design of a multiloop aircraft flight control system. Specifically, the design method is applied to the direct synthesis of a multiloop AFCS "inner loop" feedback control system based on total energy control principles (TECS). The design procedure offers a structured approach for the determination of a set of stabilizing controller design gains that meet design specifications in closed-loop stability, command tracking performance, disturbance rejection, and limits on control activities. The presented approach may be extended to a broader class of multiloop flight control systems. Direct tradeoffs between many real design goals are rendered systematic by proper formulation of the design objectives and constraints. Satisfactory designs are usually obtained in few iterations. Performance characteristics of the optimized TECS design have been improved; particularly in the areas of closed-loop damping and control activity in the presence of turbulence.
Legal Blame: How Jurors Think and Talk about Accidents

This text explores how jurors try to do justice in the wake of accidents, and reveals much about the overall psychology of jury decision-making. Neal Feigenson, a professor of law, offers a framework for how jurors deploy their common sense, together with the law and the facts, to produce what the author refers to as "total justice". Feigenson analyzes both the words lawyers use to help jurors assign blame and the words jurors themselves use as they make decisions. With a minimal use of jargon, he summarizes the leading research from social and cognitive psychology to show how everyday habits of thought and feeling inform jurors' decisions. Contrary to common stereotypes about jurors, jurors integrate their thoughts and feelings to reach decisions that are usually correct enough by legal standards, although not always for what the law would consider the right reasons. This text provides a nuanced appreciation of the civil jury, with examples and in-depth analysis of how jurors help make tort law.
Crystal growth and co-substitution in (Mg1-xFex)(Mo2-xVx)O7 (0.13≤x≤0.47) with (V/Mo)=O oxo double bonds

Abstract New solid solution crystals of (Mg 1− x Fe x )(Mo 2− x V x )O 7 (0.13≤ x ≤0.47) were grown from MgO–Fe 2 O 3 –V 2 O 5 –MoO 3 melts. Single crystal X-ray diffraction studies reveal that the structure consists of (Mg/Fe) 2 O 10 octahedral dimers and [(Mo 2− x V x )O 7 ] (2+ x )− tetrahedral clusters. The structure contains (V/Mo)O oxo double bonds similar to MgMo 2 O 7 and FeVMoO 7 . Equimolar co-substitution of V 5+ for Mo 6+ and Fe 3+ for Mg 2+ avoids the creation of any ion vacancies or interstitials and generates disordered cation sites. Crystal data: for (Mg 0.87 Fe 0.13 )(Mo 1.87 V 0.13 )O 7 , monoclinic, space group P 2 1 / n (No. 14), with a =8.3356(6) A, b =9.1079(6) A, c =8.5086(6) A, β =111.927(1)° and Z =4; for (Mg 0.53 Fe 0.47 )(Mo 1.53 V 0.47 )O 7 , monoclinic, space group P 2 1 / n (No. 14), with a =8.2766(6) A, b =9.0208(7) A, c =8.4817(6) A, β =112.144(1)° and Z =4.
Large deviations for Markov processes with discontinuous statistics, II: random walks

Letμ 1 andμ 2 be Borel probability measures on ℝ d with finite moment generating functions. The main theorem in this paper proves the large deviation principle for a random walk whose transition mechanism is governed byμ 1 when the walk is in the left halfspace Λ1 = {x∈ℝ d :x 1≦0} and whose transition mechanism is governed byμ 2 when the walk is in the right halfspace Λ2 = {x∈ℝ d :x 1>0}. When the measuresμ 1 andμ 2 are equal, the main theorem reduces to Cramer's Theorem.
Inhibition of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis enoyl acyl carrier protein reductase InhA by arylamides.

InhA, the enoyl acyl carrier protein reductase (ENR) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is one of the key enzymes involved in the type II fatty acid biosynthesis pathway of M. tuberculosis. We report here the discovery, through high-throughput screening, of a series of arylamides as a novel class of potent InhA inhibitors. These direct InhA inhibitors require no mycobacterial enzymatic activation and thus circumvent the resistance mechanism to antitubercular prodrugs such as INH and ETA that is most commonly observed in drug-resistant clinical isolates. The crystal structure of InhA complexed with one representative inhibitor reveals the binding mode of the inhibitor within the InhA active site. Further optimization through a microtiter synthesis strategy followed by in situ activity screening led to the discovery of a potent InhA inhibitor with in vitro IC50 = 90 nM, representing a 34-fold potency improvement over the lead compound.
Hierarchical Hydrodynamic Flow Confinement: Efficient Use and Retrieval of Chemicals for Microscale Chemistry on Surfaces

We devised, implemented, and tested a new concept for efficient local surface chemistry that we call hierarchical hydrodynamic flow confinement (hierarchical HFC). This concept leverages the hydrodynamic shaping of multiple layers of liquid to address challenges inherent to microscale surface chemistry, such as minimal dilution, economical consumption of reagent, and fast liquid switching. We illustrate two modes of hierarchical HFC, nested and pinched, by locally denaturing and recovering a 26 bp DNA with as little as 2% dilution and by efficiently patterning an antibody on a surface, with a 5 μm resolution and a 100-fold decrease of reagent consumption compared to microcontact printing. In addition, valveless switching between nanoliter volumes of liquids was achieved within 20 ms. We believe hierarchical HFC will have broad utility for chemistry on surfaces at the microscale.
Molecular mechanisms of tazarotene action in psoriasis.

Abstract Psoriasis is a chronic immune-mediated disease that is characterized by the hyperproliferation and abnormal differentiation of keratinocytes and by inflammation. The epidermal changes associated with psoriasis may be due to the infiltration of inflammatory T lymphocytes and the release of cytokines in response to antigenic stimulation. Tazarotene is a retinoic acid receptor-specific retinoid with demonstrated efficacy in the topical treatment of psoriasis. Tazarotene downregulates markers of keratinocyte differentiation, keratinocyte proliferation, and inflammation. The drug also upregulates three novel genes TIG-1 (tazarotene-induced gene-1), TIG-2, and TIG-3, which may mediate an antiproliferative effect. The effect of tazarotene on these markers is probably a direct effect on gene expression rather than an indirect effect associated with disease improvement. (J Am Acad Dermatol 1997; 37:S18–S24.)
Aflatoxins in mutants of Aspergillus flavus.

Mutants ofAspergillus flavus were recovered following the irradiation of conidia with ultraviolet light. Analysis of the mutants for aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2 indicated a wide range of variability in aflatoxin levels. None of the isolates produced the G toxins, and four produced little or no aflatoxin B2. Production of B1 and B2 by the mutants ranged from 1.3 µ;g/ml to 967 µg/ml and zero to 30 µg/ml, respectively. The correlation between production of B1 and B2 was statistically significant. There was no apparent correlation between nutritional requirement or conidial color and aflatoxin production.
Wave propagation along a 1-D randomized metal wire array

The surface wave propagation in a 1-D randomized metal wire array is studied using a simulation approach. First we establish the baseline of this research by simulating wideband transmission data and near electric fields for a uniform height, uniform spacing array. The surface wave propagation inside the array is identified and characterized. Then we perturb the wire element heights to investigate the randomized height effects on the surface wave propagation. A similar study is carried out for the randomized spacing array, where the random spacing effects on the surface wave is examined. Propagation constants of the surface wave are extracted in all three cases and compared with each other to highlight the randomization effects.
Eleven proofs of sin2x+cos2x = 1

Several papers in the algebraic manipulation literature have discussed the problem of recognizing, in various guises, the equivalence of sin2x+cos2x and 1. This is a simplified form of a general substitution problem, and it would seem that a neat, universally applicable technique would be of some interest. This paper does not provide one, but does attempt to show, in various ways, how a particular algebraic manipulation system "knows" this famous identity, in spite of its reluctance to apply it.
Prediction of Fabric Hand from Mechanical Properties of Woven Fabrics

A physical method to predict the hand of woven fabrics is introduced. Fourteen physical parameters which can be objectively measured were combined to calculate a hand value for a fabric in conjunction with a graph of logarithmic values of the 14 hand parameters. A practical mill application of this method is suggested as a regular quality control process.
Optimal treatment of Alzheimer’s disease psychosis: challenges and solutions

Psychotic symptoms emerging in the context of neurodegeneration as a consequence of Alzheimer’s disease was recognized and documented by Alois Alzheimer himself in his description of the first reported case of the disease. Over a quarter of a century ago, in the context of attempting to develop prognostic markers of disease progression, psychosis was identified as an independent predictor of a more-rapid cognitive decline. This finding has been subsequently well replicated, rendering psychotic symptoms an important area of exploration in clinical history taking – above and beyond treatment necessity – as their presence has prognostic significance. Further, there is now a rapidly accreting body of research that suggests that psychosis in Alzheimer’s disease (AD+P) is a heritable disease subtype that enjoys neuropathological specificity and localization. There is now hope that the elucidation of the neurobiology of the syndrome will pave the way to translational research eventuating in new treatments. To date, however, the primary treatments employed in alleviating the suffering caused by AD+P are the atypical antipsychotics. These agents are approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of schizophrenia, but they have only marginal efficacy in treating AD+P and are associated with troubling levels of morbidity and mortality. For clinical approaches to AD+P to be optimized, this syndrome must be disentangled from other primary psychotic disorders, and recent scientific advances must be translated into disease-specific therapeutic interventions. Here we provide a review of atypical antipsychotic efficacy in AD+P, followed by an overview of critical neurobiological observations that point towards a frontal, tau-mediated model of disease, and we suggest a new preclinical animal model for future translational research.
Observations of the Intensity and Variability of the Near Ultraviolet Solar Flux from the Nimbus III Satellite.

Nimbus 3 satellite observations of near UV solar flux intensity and variability, describing instrumentation and measurement of radiation producing molecular oxygen photodissociation
Factors affecting calculation and use of conversion equations for genetic merit of dairy bulls.

Abstract Factors affecting calculation and use of conversion equations were reviewed. Methods of expressing reliability of converted evaluations were surveyed. Of 16 countries responding, 6 did not calculate reliability for converted evaluations, 5 accepted reliability from the exporting country, and 5 assumed genetic correlations of .6 to 1.0 with the US. Genetic correlations between the US and 8 other countries were estimated and generally were ≥.9; estimated correlations between the US and Canada were 1.0. Estimated correlations averaged .93 for milk, .89 for fat, and .92 for protein yields. Correlation estimates were lowest for countries differing most from the US in management conditions (Australia, New Zealand) or trait definition (Germany), which suggests that correlation estimates
Synthesis of chiral iodo-N,O-acetonide aminal scaffolds via an efficient cascade reaction of amino acid-derived epoxides

Novel amino acid-derived iodo-N,O-acetonide aminals were developed as chiral, non-epimerizable scaffolds to facilitate complex molecule synthesis. These scaffolds are readily prepared from commercially available amino acid derivatives in ⩽6 steps, contain an orthogonally-protected β-hydroxy amine moiety, and feature a directly reactive alkyl-iodide group for facile substitution chemistry. Further, a novel ring opening/cyclization cascade reaction was developed to prepare these compounds efficiently (59–72%) from readily available epoxide derivatives.
Physiological Effects of Concentrated Barley β-Glucan in Mildly Hypercholesterolemic Adults

Objective: Barley fiber rich in beta-glucans lowers serum lipids, but is difficult to incorporate into products acceptable to consumers. We investigated the physiological effects of two concentrated barley β-glucans on cardiovascular disease (CVD) endpoints and body weight in human subjects.Methods: Hypercholesterolemic men and women (n = 90) were randomly assigned to one of two treatments: low molecular weight (low-MW) or high molecular weight (high-MW) concentrated barley β-glucan consumed as a daily supplement containing 6 grams beta-glucan/day. Fasting blood samples were collected at baseline and week 6 and analyzed for total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, insulin, homocysteine and C-reactive protein (CRP). Dietary intakes, body weights, blood pressure, hunger ratings, and gastrointestinal symptoms were measured at baseline and 6 weeks.Results: The only difference between treatments in lipid outcomes at week 6 was a reduction of the cholesterol/HDL ratio in the ...
Menstrual cycle synchronized changes in brain stem auditory evoked potentials and visual evoked potentials.

Abstract Background: Several studies have reported changes in the spontaneous electroencephalogram of women across the menstrual cycle (MC), raising questions on whether sensory or cognitive evoked potentials would change with MC as well. Some of these studies have found changes synchronized with MC in visual event-related brain potentials (ERPs) and brain stem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs), whereas others have reported none. Methods: In the present study, we attempted to study the changes in P300 component of visual ERPs, and in BAEPs across the MC in healthy women. Results: The latency of P300 was longer during the ovulatory phase. Decrease across the MC phases was found for the amplitude of BAEP waves I and III, and for the wave V latency and the III-V interpeak latency. Conclusions: The results indicate that there may be a small relationship between visual ERP or BAEP and MC phase.
PUTATIVE ATYPICAL ANTIPSYCHOTICS WITH MIXED DOPAMINERGIC (D1, D2) AND SEROTONERGIC (5HT2) ACTIVITY: THE DESIGN EVOLUTION OF ZD3638

Abstract The pharmacological activity of a series of 9,10-dihydro-9,10-methanoanthracene methylene amines which function as mixed dopaminergic (D1/D2) and serotonergic (5HT2) antagonists is described. The work resulted in a putative atypical antipsychotic, ZD3638, of novel structure and pharmacological profile.
A study of energy efficiency in residential buildings in Knoxville, Tennessee

Abstract Energy efficiency is an essential aspect in the design and operation of residential buildings. Residential energy consumption is shown to account for approximately 8% of the electricity and 3.5% of the natural gas consumption in the U.S. The heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system and lighting system are two major factors influencing energy consumption in residential buildings. About 52–72% of the average energy consumed by residential buildings is used to keep buildings at comfortable temperatures, provide hot water, and circulate fresh air indoors. In the service region of the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA), 92% of the electricity is non-renewable electricity, and approximately 41% is generated by coal. Therefore, energy consumption in residential buildings directly relates to the proportion of pollutants and greenhouse gas emissions from the power plants. With the development of advanced technology and strict energy policies, however, the energy consumption in the residential sector and the corresponding emission of pollutants can be significantly reduced. This study presents an approach for analyzing the energy efficiency metrics in residential buildings based on three dimensions: sustainable physical infrastructure, energy efficient equipment, and energy efficient behavior. The results of this analysis subsequently provide a residential building system with a strategy for conversion to cleaner energy sources by identifying opportunities in each of the three primary dimensions. For this study, energy consumption data for each of the metrics are collected by a survey of 102 participating residential buildings in Knoxville, Tennessee in the United States.
The effect of biofilms on turbulent boundary layers

Materials exposed in the marine environment, including those protected by antifouling paints, may rapidly become colonized by microfouling. This may affect frictional resistance and turbulent boundary layer structure, This study compares the mean and turbulent boundary layer velocity characteristics of surfac covered with a marine biofilm with those of a smooth surface. Measurements were made in a nominally zero pressure gradient, boundary layer flow with a two-component laser Doppler velocimeter at momentum thickness Reynolds numbers of 5600 to 19,000 in a recirculating water tunnel. Profiles of the mean and turbulence velocity components, including the Reynolds shear stress, were measured. An average increase in the skin friction coefficient of 33 to 187 percent was measured on the fouled specimens. The ski friction coefficient was found to be dependent on both biofilm thickness and morphology. The biofilms tested showed varyin g effect on the Reynolds stresses when those quantities were normalized with the friction velocity
ATTRACTION OF Ceratitis capitata (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE) FLIES TO ODOR OF COFFEE FRUIT

On potted nonfruiting host trees in outdoor field cages, we evaluated attraction of released mature laboratory-cultured or wild-origin Mediterranean fruit flies (medflies) to odor of freshly picked fruit of host and nonhost plants. Odor of ripe intact or crushed coffee fruit (the presumed ancestral host of medflies) was significantly more attractive than odor of ripe intact or crushed fruit of five lower-ranking hosts and three nonhosts. Odor of crushed coffee fruit was significantly more attractive than odor of intact coffee fruit. Odor of ripe or near-ripe coffee fruit was significantly more attractive than odor of unripe coffee fruit. Immature females (without eggs) were significantly more attracted to odor of a proteinaceous food lure than to odor of ripe coffee fruit, whereas the reverse was true for mature females carrying a high egg load. In some trials, males proved as discriminating as females in favor of coffee fruit odor, but in several other trials males were less discriminating than females. Response patterns of mature laboratory-cultured females were similar to those of mature wild-origin females. In a field of coffee plants, attraction of natural-population females was significantly greater to odor of ripe coffee fruit than to water but was not greater than attraction to odor of proteinaceous food. Findings are discussed in relation to potential use of synthetic volatiles of coffee or other host fruit in traps for monitoring or controlling medflies.
Implications of Memory Interference for Composed HPC Applications

The cost of inter-node I/O and data movement is becoming increasingly prohibitive for large scale High Performance Computing (HPC) applications. This trend is leading to the emergence of composed in situ applications that co-locate multiple components on the same node. However, these components may contend for underlying memory system resources. In this extended research abstract, we present a preliminary evaluation of the impacts of contention for shared resources in the memory hierarchy, including the last level cache (LLC) and DRAM bandwidth. We show that even modest levels of memory contention can have substantial performance implications for some benchmarks, and argue for a cross layer approach to resource partitioning and scheduling on future HPC systems.
The Development of Role Concepts.

Summary Children's concepts of various social roles were examined in a task that required the child to indicate the similarity of two occupants of common social roles. Each occupant in the pair was described differently in terms of behaviors appropriate for a particular role. Children in the first, third, and sixth grades were studied. Findings indicated that children in the youngest group held role concepts based primarily on concrete actions, while role concepts of the older two groups were based on more abstract, general role functions. In addition, there is some suggestion that the level of role conceptualization is related to the relevance of the particular role.
Can style be measured

Abstract Historically, style is studied by features which reflect certain types of characteristics used to illustrate cultural circumstances and social aspects. Thus, style can be identified. If there are some attributes that have magnitude which can serve as common denominators to theoretically represent a style, then a style can be detected as an entity that possesses some basic properties. Furthermore, these attributes can be used as the stages in a scale for measuring how strong a style is, and the degree of similarity between two styles. The fundamental unit of style measurement is a set of common features appearing in objects, which is used for categorising a style. There are two properties of style derived from perceiving the common-feature sets: similarity and degree of style. Therefore, the set of common features is the fundamental unit of measurement and the signature of a style.
The physics of magnetic fusion reactors

During the past two decades there have been substantial advances in magnetic fusion research. On the experimental front, progress has been led by the mainline tokamaks, which have achieved reactor-level values of temperature and plasma pressure. Comparable progress, when allowance is made for their smaller programs, has been made in complementary configurations such as the stellarator, reversed-field pinch and field-reversed configuration. In this paper, the status of understanding of the physics of toroidal plasmas is reviewed. It is shown how the physics performance, constrained by technological and economic realities, determines the form of reference toroidal reactors. A comparative study of example reactors is not made, because the level of confidence in projections of their performance varies widely, reflecting the vastly different levels of support which each has received. Success with the tokamak has led to the initiation of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor project. It is designed to produce 1500 MW of fusion power from a deuterium-tritium plasma for pulses of 1000 s or longer and to demonstrate the integration of the plasma and nuclear technologies needed for a demonstration reactor.
Evidence for anchimeric assistance in the expulsion of bromine from ring-substituted β-phenylethyl bromides: When is a simple cleavage a rearrangement?

Using the principles of the quasi-equilibrium theory, substituent effects, deuterium labeling and comparison of compound behavior, we provide strong evidence for aryl participation in the expalsion of Br· from the molecular ion of β-phenylethyl bromide and eleven of its ringsubstitued derivatives. This reaction shows a kinetic behavior which is typical of rearrangements, its activation energy is lower than that of similar reactions where participation is partially or completely precluded and substitute effects are not only consistent with a particular process, but are also consistent with those predicted from solution chemistry.
Risk Perception and Precautionary Intent for Common Consumer Products

This study examined whether accident scenario analysis reduces accident frequency misestimations and leads to heightened precautionary intent for products. Subjects generated or were provided with accident scenarios and then made estimates. Other subjects made estimates at either a quick or slower pace without analysis. These and an additional group of subjects then rated precautionary intent for the products. Subject gave ratings for confidence in their estimations and reported whether they had injury experience related to the products. No differences were found among group correlations with actual frequencies. The Hurried subjects reported lower precautionary intent ratings than other groups. Subjects with injury experience reported higher precautionary intent than subjects without such experience. No relationship was found between precautionary intent and frequency estimates. Personal knowledge of accidents rather than general knowledge of accidents or frequencies may be a better predictor of consumers...
Signatures of Top Flavored Dark Matter

We study the experimental signatures of top flavored dark matter (top FDM) in direct detection searches and at the LHC. We show that for a dark matter mass above 200 GeV, top FDM can be consistent with current bounds from direct detection experiments and relic abundance constraints. We also show that next generation direct detection experiments will be able to exclude the entire perturbative parameter region for top FDM. For regions of parameter space where the flavor partners of top FDM are not readily produced, the LHC signatures of top FDM are similar to those of other models previously studied in the literature. For the case when the flavor partners are produced at the LHC, we study their impact on a search based on transverse mass variables and find that they diminish the signal significance. However, when the DM flavor partners are split in mass by less than 120--130 GeV, the LHC phenomenology becomes very distinctive through the appearance of displaced vertices. We also propose a strategy by which all parameters of the underlying model can be experimentally determined when the flavor partners can be observed.
LEGAL CONCERNS IN THE USE OF WEIGHTED APPLICATIONS

The use of the standard weighted application procedure relies on strictly empirically derived keys for validity. While weighted applications are generally valid in terms of the correlation between score on the application and position on the criterion, the empirical scheme may weight items that can not be shown to be relevant to the job for which they predict. To the extent that employment decisions are based on non-job-relevant weighted applications, such decisions may be contrary to the letter or the spirit of the Civil Rights Act. Alternative methods incorporating job relevance into the weighting procedure via job analysis inject the “hand of reason” into the process. Such rational-empirical approaches ensure job-relatedness as well as validity.
Layout hierarchies for interactive design reuse

The advent of viable long tail & self-publishing solutions ([1], [2]) has spawned new requirements for automatic layout technologies. In most cases these attempt to lay out whole pages, spreads or documents based on complete content data. In this paper we introduce a new approach to document layout based on the principle of interactive design reuse, in which a new design is created from an existing high quality design via a sequence of simple steps to establish the final content. Based on our experience building such a system we propose a method of building layout hierarchies and discuss the implementation of editing operations appropriate to this new paradigm.
Two kinase activities are sufficient for sea urchin sperm chromatin decondensation in vitro

Decondensation of compact and inactive sperm chromatin by egg cytoplasm at fertilization is necessary to convert the male germ cell chromatin to an active somatic form. We studied decondensation of sea urchin sperm nuclei in a cell-free extract of sea urchin eggs to define conditions promoting decondensation. We find that egg cytosol specifically phosphorylates two sperm-specific (Sp) histones in vitro in the same regions as in vivo. This activity is blocked by olomoucine, an inhibitor of cdc2-like kinases, but not by chelerythrine, an inhibitor of protein kinase C (PKC). PKC phosphorylates and solubilizes the sperm nuclear lamina, one requirement for decondensation. Olomoucine, which does not inhibit lamina removal, blocks sperm nuclear decondensation in the same concentration range over which it is effective in blocking Sp histone phosphorylation. In a system free of other soluble proteins, neither PKC nor cdc2 alone elicit sperm chromatin decondensation, but the two act synergistically to decondense sperm nuclei. We conclude that two kinases activities are sufficient for sea urchin male pronuclear decondensation in vitro, a lamin kinase (PKC) and a cdc2-like Sp histone kinase.
INVESTIGATION ON ENAMEL CLAYS1

Functions of clay in enameling and requirements of enamel clays are enumerated. The investigation deals with twelve representative enamel clays, which were examined for water of plasticity, drying shrinkage, modulus of rupture and properties when fired to 1000°C. Using these clays in enamel slips, viscosity, suspension test, and hydrogenion concentration by the indicator method were run. Fineness test, petrographic examination and chemical analyses were made on the clays. They were then tested in a cover coat enamel, subjecting the test pieces to impact test and thermal shock. The results of all the tests are summarized and conclusions drawn therefrom.
On the ensemble average in the study of approximate inertial manifolds, II

Abstract In this paper we present new estimates on the ensemble averages of the fluid dynamical quantities that have significances in the study of approximate inertial manifolds of the 2-D Navier-Stokes equations. Some immediate implications of these estimates on the physics of 2-D turbulent flows are discussed.