cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Users evaluate lupusLine, a telephone peer counseling service

Objective. To assess the impact of LupusLine during its pilot phase of operation by determining patterns of utilization and user satisfaction. LupusLine is a peer counseling service designed to provide ongoing emotional support from home to home by telephone appointment. Methods. One hundred fifty-three respondents were surveyed, using a 72-item structured questionnaire administered over the telephone by interviewers separately trained and hired specifically for this purpose. The questionnaire was pilot tested on 10 volunteers with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and a panel of related health professionals reviewed the questionnaire for face validity. Results. Most users were women (94.5%) who had SLE themselves (87.5%) and who called the service because of recent changes in their physical functioning and reported feelings of depression and anxiety about their illness. Forty-one percent of respondents made 6 or more calls to their assigned peer counselor. Respondents reported high levels of satisfaction across 5 highly correlated measures, with 92% of callers reporting at least moderate satisfaction with the service. Over 60% of respondents who reported a change in 6 “feeling” categories attributed this change to using LupusLine. Fewer users reported a change in 4 specific behaviors since using the service, but more respondents attributed changes, when they occurred, to LupusLine. Conclusions. Based on these initial findings, we believe that telephone networks similar to the LupusLine model maybe able to offer substantial benefit to people coping with the complex, ongoing psychosocial challenges of SLE. Further, the at-home accessibility and low cost of such volunteer-based interventions may play an ever more needed role in the present health care environment.
Errors of omission in the treatment of prehospital chest pain patients.

Objective. Despite the widespread use of standard treatment protocols, there are few published data regarding paramedic protocol adherence. In this descriptive study, the authors sought to assess the frequency andnature of deviations from a standardized treatment protocol for the chief complaint of chest pain. They also sought to quantify any time delays in treatment of potential ischemic cardiac chest pain. Methods. A retrospective review of written documentation obtained from four ambulance services in a mid-Atlantic state was completed. A convenience sample of consecutive emergency medical services (EMS) records was obtained from January 2001 to May 2002, and75 calls were selected from each service (N = 300). Results. Neither the median scene times nor the response times varied among the four services in the study. However, the suburban ambulance service (service 1) did have a significantly longer transport time (19 minutes) than the rural (14 minutes) andthe urban (11 and10 minutes) services (p < 0.05...
Controlling Regiospecific Oxidation of Aromatics and the Degradation of Chlorinated Aliphatics via Active Site Engineering of Toluene Monooxygenases

Toluene monooxygenases from pseudomonads are powerful enzymes whose activities have not been fully appreciated. Recently the literature was corrected to show there was no true, predominantly meta-hydroxylating enzyme, and it was discovered that these enzymes perform two and three successive hydroxylations of benzene. The physiological relevance of these successive hydroxylations by toluene p-monooxygenase (TpMO) was discerned for the toluene degradation pathway of Ralstonia pickettii PKO1. More importantly, these successive hydroxylations create the possibility of producing substituted aromatics for industrially important syntheses. To take advantage of this potential and to probe the hydroxylation reaction itself, DNA shuffling has been used to determine the residues that control the regiospecific catalytic activity. This regiospecific activity was fine tuned using saturation mutagenesis to create monooxygenases that, along with the wild-type enzymes, are able to form various doubly hydroxylated, substituted aromatics including 3-nitrocatechol, 4-nitrocatechol, nitrohydroquinone, methylhydroquinone, 4-methylresorcinol, methoxyresorcinol, 3-methoxycatechol, 2-naphthol, and 1-hydroxyfluorene. The regiospecific control of hydroxylation has reached the point where toluene may be hydroxylated at the ortho-, meta-, and para-positions by altering just two amino acids near the diiron active site, and these residues may be altered to create the first predominantly meta-hydroxylating enzyme. Also, regiospecific oxidation of naphthalene may be controlled to form both 1- and 2-naphthol (first report of microbial formation of this compound), and the regiospecific oxidation of indole may be controlled so that a single enzyme [toluene o-monooxygenase (TOM) of Burkholderia cepacia G4] may be used to form a variety of indigoids including predominantly indigo, isoindigo, indirubin, and isatin. To control the successive hydroxylations, two-phase reactors have also been designed to produce phenol from benzene and 2-naphthol from naphthalene using toluene 4-monooxygenase (T4MO) from Pseudomonas mendocina KR1. To show the utility of these enzymes for pathway engineering, they have been combined with both glutathione S-transferases as well as epoxide hydrolases to create engineered bacteria that have accelerated degradation rates for chlorinated ethenes as well as to take advantage of the fact that only one oxygenase has been shown to oxidize tetrachloroethylene (toluene o-xylene monooxygenase of Pseudomonas stutzeri OX1). Similar monooxygenation reactions for substituted aromatics have been discovered using dinitrotoluene dioxygenases.
Meclomen® (Parke-Davis)

Meclomen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug for oral administration. Its mode of action, like that of other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents, is unknown.
Cooperative Scheduling of Parallel Tasks with General Synchronization Patterns

In this paper, we address the problem of scheduling parallel tasks with general synchronization patterns using a cooperative runtime. Current implementations for task-parallel programming models provide efficient support for fork-join parallelism, but are unable to efficiently support more general synchronization patterns such as locks, futures, barriers and phasers. We propose a novel approach to addressing this challenge based on cooperative scheduling with one-shot delimited continuations OSDeConts and event-driven controls EDCs. The use of OSDeConts enables the runtime to suspend a task at any point thereby enabling the task's worker to switch to another task whereas other runtimes may have forced the task's worker to be blocked. The use of EDCs ensures that identification of suspended tasks that are ready to be resumed can be performed efficiently. Furthermore, our approach is more efficient than schedulers that spawn additional worker threads to compensate for blocked worker threads. We have implemented our cooperative runtime in Habanero-Java HJ, an explicitly parallel language with a large variety of synchronization patterns. The OSDeConts and EDC primitives are used to implement a wide range of synchronization constructs, including those where a task may trigger the enablement of multiple suspended tasks as in futures, barriers and phasers. In contrast, current task-parallel runtimes and schedulers for the fork-join model including schedulers for the Cilk language focus on the case where only one continuation is enabled by an event typically, the termination of the last child/descendant task in a join scope. Our experimental results show that the HJ cooperative runtime delivers significant improvements in performance and memory utilization on various benchmarks using future and phaser constructs, relative to a thread-blocking runtime system while using the same underlying work-stealing task scheduler.
Children with Sexual Behavior Problems: Clinical Characteristics and Relationship to Child Maltreatment

Research examining children with sexual behavior problems (SBP) almost exclusively relies on caregiver reports. The current study, involving a sample of 1112 children drawn from a prospective study, utilizes child self-reports and teacher reports, as well caregiver-reports. First, analyses examined children displaying any SBP; a second set of analyses specifically examined children displaying interpersonal forms of SBP. Caregivers reported greater internalizing, externalizing, and social problems for children with general SBP and/or interpersonal SBP when compared to children without SBP. Caregiver concerns were rarely corroborated by teacher and child reports. Protective services records indicated that SBP was linked to childhood sexual abuse, but sexual abuse occurred in the minority of these cases. Physical abuse was more common among children with interpersonal forms of SBP. The data in the current study suggest the need for multiple reporters when assessing children presenting with SBP and that conventional views of these children may be misleading.
Positive Youth Development Interventions Impacting the Sexual Health of Young Minority Adolescents A Systematic Review

A systematic literature review was conducted to assess the utility of Positive Youth Development (PYD) concepts in promoting positive sexual health behaviors in young minority adolescents (n = 12 s...
Extending the Short and Long Wavelength Limits of Bacteriochlorin Near-Infrared Absorption via Dioxo- and Bisimide-Functionalization

Six new bacteriochlorins expanding the range of the strong near-infrared (NIR) absorption (Qy band) to both shorter and longer wavelengths (∼690 to ∼900 nm) have been synthesized and characterized. The architectures include bacteriochlorin–bisimides that have six-membered imide rings spanning the 3,5- and 13,15-macrocycle positions or five-membered imide rings spanning the β-pyrrolic 2,3- and 12,13-positions. Both bisimide types absorb at significantly longer wavelength than the bacteriochlorin precursors (no fused rings), whereas oxo-groups at the 7- or 7,17-positions shift the Qy band to a new short wavelength limit. Surprisingly, bacteriochlorin–bisimides with five-membered β-pyrrolic-centered imide rings have a Qy band closer to that of six-membered bacteriochlorin–monoimides. However, the five-membered bisimides (versus the six-membered bacteriochlorin–monoimides) have significantly enhanced absorption intensity that is paralleled by an ∼2-fold higher fluorescence yield (∼0.16 vs ∼0.07) and longer si...
Alkali Metal Yttrium neo‐Pentoxide Double Alkoxide Precursors to Alkali Metal Yttrium Oxide Nanomaterials

In this study, a series of alkali metal yttrium neo-pentoxide ([AY(ONep)4]) compounds were developed as precursors to alkali yttrium oxide (AYO2) nanomaterials. The reaction of yttrium amide ([Y(NR2)3] where R=Si(CH3)3) with four equivalents of H-ONep followed by addition of [A(NR2)] (A=Li, Na, K) or Ao (Ao=Rb, Cs) led to the formation of a complex series of AnY(ONep)3+n species, crystallographically identified as [Y2Li3(μ3-ONep)(μ3-HONep)(μ-ONep)5(ONep)3(HONep)2] (1), [YNa2(μ3-ONep)4(ONep)]2 (2), {[Y2K3(μ3-ONep)3(μ-ONep)4(ONep)2(ηξ-tol)2][Y4K2(μ4-O)(μ3-ONep)8(ONep)4]•ηx-tol]} (3), [Y4K2(μ4-O)(μ3-ONep)8(ONep)4] (3a), [Y2Rb3(μ4-ONep)3(μ-ONep)6] (4), and [Y2Cs4(μ6-O)(μ3-ONep)6(μ3-HONep)2(ONep)2(ηx-tol)4]•tol (5). Compounds 1–5 were investigated as single source precursors to AYOx nanomaterials following solvothermal routes (pyridine, 185 °C for 24h). The final products after thermal processing were found by powder X-ray diffraction experiments to be Y2O3 with variable sized particles based on transmission electron diffraction. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy studies indicated that the heavier alkali metal species were present in the isolated nanomaterials.
Adult Learning in Executive Development Programs

Executive development programs (EDPs) have undergone significant change since their introduction in the early 20th century. As an adjunct or alternative to traditional education, EDPs are considere...
UCC Sect. 2-713: A Defense of Buyers' Expectancy Damages

It has been suggested that section 2-713 of the Uniform Commercial Code [hereinafter referred to as UCC; further section references are to UCC sections unless otherwise specified] should not have been enacted and should be repealed. Although this centerpiece in the setting of buyers' remedies has been enacted in unchanged form in all UCC jurisdictions, it has been attacked by legal scholars as being an historical anomaly and contributing to hopeless confusion.This Article will examine section 2-713 and its official comments, along with companion sections of the UCC. It will then present the difficulties that have arisen in the application of section 2-713, and examine whether its provisions can be defended in light of modem economic theory. Hypothetical examples will first be used to demonstrate the economic effects of UCC application to possible fact patterns. Recent cases will then be surveyed to see how courts have been swayed by legal literature concerning section 2-713, and whether the courts' decisions are in conformity with either recent economic analysis or the underlying policy of the UCC.
8 – Symmetrical Tables

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on symmetrical tables. Multi-way contingency tables often arise in which two or more of the cross-classified variables have the same categories. The hypothesis of symmetry corresponds to the general log–linear model for r × r tables in which it is assumed that the cell means mij satisfy the equation log mij = log mji = αij, when i ≤ j. The quasi-symmetry model has been used in a study of the theory of social mobility. The quasi-independence model in which diagonal cells are ignored implies the quasi-symmetry model. Generalization of symmetry models from two-way to higher-way tables is straightforward, although the choice of models does increase rapidly. The model of symmetrical interaction has resulted in a simple description of the relationship of the parameters and in a relatively accurate assessment of the magnitude of the relationship.
Preperiosteal Midface Lift Through Transtemporal Approach

A greater understanding of midfacial anatomy and its contribution to the dynamics of facial aging has led to an increased interest in midfacial rejuvenation. Adequate midfacial ptosis correction usually cannot be achieved with percutaneous and injectable methods alone. Transeyelid and subperiosteal approaches to the midface can also lead to potential undesirable complications. The preperiosteal midface lift, accomplished through a transtemporal approach, is an excellent method for elevation of the midface in an anatomically safe midface plane. This procedure is usually performed in conjunction with endoscopic browlift. Results are aesthetically pleasing and associated with few postoperative complications. This chapter describes several surgical maneuvers that facilitate the procedure.
The Hidden Power of Social Networks and Knowledge Sharing in Healthcare

Social networking has been shown to lead to effective collaboration, innovation, and knowledge sharing. In the healthcare field, knowledge flows and knowl- edge gaps in healthcare providers can be identified by social network analysis. Social network analysis should be used as part of the knowledge audit process. This will better inform the knowledge management strategy of the organization.
Form Follows Function: A Functional Medicine Overview.

Editor’s note: This Commentary is a companion to Refractory Depression, Fatigue, Irritable Bowel Syndrome, and Chronic Pain: A Functional Medicine Case Report on page 104 (available at: www.thepermanentejournal.org/issues/2016/fall/6239-ibs.html). Also note that material describing the foundation and practice of Functional Medicine has been excerpted, with permission, from Introduction to Functional Medicine by David S Jones and Sheila Quinn, ©The Institute for Functional Medicine, 2016. Discosure Statement The author(s) have no conflicts of interest to disclose.
The accommodation index measures the perturbation associated with insertions and deletions in coiled‐coils: Application to understand signaling in histidine kinases

Coiled-coils are essential components of many protein complexes. First discovered in structural proteins such as keratins, they have since been found to figure largely in the assembly and dynamics required for diverse functions, including membrane fusion, signal transduction and motors. Coiled-coils have a characteristic repeating 7-residue geometric and sequence motif, which is sometimes interrupted by the insertion of one or more residues. Such insertions are often highly conserved and critical to interdomain communication in signaling proteins such as bacterial histidine kinases. Here we develop the “accommodation index” as a parameter that allows automatic detection and classification of insertions based on the three dimensional structure of a protein. This method allows precise identification of the type of insertion and the “accommodation length” over which the insertion is structurally accommodated. A simple theory is presented that predicts the structural perturbations of 1, 3, 4 residue insertions as a function of the length over which the insertion is accommodated. Analysis of experimental structures is in good agreement with theory, and shows that short accommodation lengths give rise to greater perturbation of helix packing angles, changes in local helical phase, and increased structural asymmetry relative to long accommodation lengths. Cytoplasmic domains of histidine kinases in different signaling states display large changes in their accommodation lengths, which can now be seen to underlie diverse structural transitions including symmetry/asymmetry and local variations in helical phase that accompany signal transduction. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Kinetics of the reduction of MnO4− by aqueous NH3 solutions

The oxidation of HAC bonds in (e.g.) alkoxides, formate, and hydrocarbons and HAP bonds in phosphites and hypophosphites suggested that HAN bonds in ammonia, amines, etc. might provide interesting mechanistic studies. In aqueous solutions, MnO4 is reduced to Mn and/or Mn in acid or to MnO2y 4 in strong base (pH > 13). MnO4 does not oxidize NH  4 at an appreciable rate, so exploratory studies have been limited to solutions of ammonia with no added acid, using rapid scan spectrophotometry. Figure 1 shows the reduction of MnO4 in 15 M ammonia. Initially the spectra show MnO4 changing into Mn III with well de®ned isosbestic points. Late in the run, Mn begins to disproportionate into MnO2 and Mn . On long standing, the MnO2 precipitates leaving a clear solution. Most interesting is the very obvious acceleration of the rate of MnO4 decay through the ®rst half of the run. Absorbance data at 526ml and 420ml were used to calculate the concentrations of all Mn species, assuming only MnO4 and Mn III were present to the point of maximum rate and ®nal absorbance values were entirely due to MnO2  MnII  0:5co. Figure 2 shows calculated curves for the three absorbing species during one run. The initial rate is independent of NH3 from 3 M to 15 M. A rate law found for MnO4 decay is: dc=dt  c k1  k2 co y c 1
Self-Guided Weight Loss

Self-help approaches to weight control play an increasingly important role in addressing the obesity epidemic. Many dieters are eager to develop and direct their own weight loss programs, rather than seek out professional care or join a commercial program. This article describes the use of self-guided dieting, evaluates its effectiveness, and provides recommendations for health-care providers and other professionals.
Probing Nuclear Spin Effects on Electronic Spin Coherence via EPR Measurements of Vanadium(IV) Complexes

Quantum information processing (QIP) has the potential to transform numerous fields from cryptography, to finance, to the simulation of quantum systems. A promising implementation of QIP employs unpaired electronic spins as qubits, the fundamental units of information. Though molecular electronic spins offer many advantages, including chemical tunability and facile addressability, the development of design principles for the synthesis of complexes that exhibit long qubit superposition lifetimes (also known as coherence times, or T2) remains a challenge. As nuclear spins in the local qubit environment are a primary cause of shortened superposition lifetimes, we recently conducted a study which employed a modular spin-free ligand scaffold to place a spin-laden propyl moiety at a series of fixed distances from an S = 1/2 vanadium(IV) ion in a series of vanadyl complexes. We found that, within a radius of 4.0(4)–6.6(6) A from the metal center, nuclei did not contribute to decoherence. To assess the generality...
Gender and Anti-immigrant Attitudes in Europe:

Gender emerges as a key site of contestation with respect to immigrants’ integration and public presence in Europe. The recent politicization of gender and Islam in immigration debates marks an inc...
Consumption of a single serving of red raspberries per day reduces metabolic syndrome parameters in high-fat fed mice

Using an animal model for diet-induced metabolic disease, we have shown previously that the addition of raspberry juice concentrate (RJC) and raspberry puree concentrate (RPC) at a level of 10% of kcal, equivalent to four servings per day, to an obesogenic high-fat, western-style diet (HF) significantly reduced body weight gain, serum resistin levels, and altered the expression of hepatic genes related to lipid metabolism and oxidative stress. This study was designed to examine the effect of a lower level of RJC or RPC consumption, at a level representing a single serving of food per day (2.5% of kcal). For ten weeks, four groups of C57BL/6J mice (n = 8 ea.) were fed: low fat (LF), HF, HF + RJC, or HF + RPC diets. Intake of RJC and RPC decreased final body weight. Hepatic lipid accumulation was significantly decreased in HF + RPC- and HF + RJC-fed mice, compared to HF-fed mice. Further, the relative expression of hepatic genes including Heme oxygenase 1 (Hmox1) and Hormone sensitive lipase (Lipe), were altered by RPC or RJC consumption. In this mouse model of diet-induced metabolic disease, consumption of the equivalent of a single daily serving of either RPC or RJC improved metabolism in mice fed HF diet. We hypothesize that the phytochemicals contained in raspberries, and/or their subsequent metabolites, may be acting to influence gene expression and other regulatory pathways, to produce the metabolic improvements observed in this study.
Indigenous Successional Agroforestry: Integrating the Old and New to Address Food Insecurity and Deforestation

An interest in developing successional agroforestry systems has emerged in response to a need for agricultural systems that conserve forests, offer sustainable livelihoods, and provide food security. Successional agroforestry offers an innovative solution to improve degraded landscapes by replicating the spatial and temporal characteristics of a developing secondary forest. In light of this interest, it is important to bring attention to a long list of indigenous successional agroforestry systems (indigenous SAFS) that have been practiced for centuries. Although existing under different names, or none at all, many of these traditional systems, practiced around the world, demonstrate similar management practices. These practices continue to reveal a strong power of observation and intuition to mirror the local forest processes. This chapter aims to review several well-documented indigenous successional agroforestry systems, and to demonstrate the similarities of practice and the consistent benefits to the environment and to the people who manage them.
Statistical Mechanics of Ion-Pair Association in Ionomers

When ion-pairs in bulk ionomer or its solutions associate to form clusters there is a change in the free energy of the system. Cluster formation must, of course, lead to a minimum in the free energy at the equilibrium state. One can think of the free energy change with cluster formation as consisting of three additive components: an energy of cluster formation, an entropy loss due to localization of the ion-pairs within the clusters, and an entropy loss associated with perturbation of the conformational statistics of the chain backbone. This paper discusses these three contributions to the free energy of cluster formation, along with related implications.
West Indian Herpetoecology

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the herpetoecology of West Indian islands. The amphibians and reptiles of the region have proved to be ideal tools for research on ecology due to various qualities of the herpetofauna such as the intriguing distribution, wonderful diversity and the frequently high population densities. Several aspects of the ecology of the West Indian herpetofauna that made it especially attractive include its rich species diversity, trophic relations and versatility. West Indian islands collectively support one of the richest terrestrial vertebrate faunas in the Western Hemisphere. The herpetofauna represents the dominant vertebrate group in the West Indies with 169 amphibians and 453 reptiles of which 572 are endemic. Among the amphibians, 99% are endemic to the West Indies and 93% of reptiles are endemic to the area. Although many factors may be involved, larger West Indian islands harbor more species of amphibians and reptiles than do smaller islands. The West Indies harbor a rich anuran fauna, but it is a reptile-dominated vertebrate fauna and lizards especially predominate.
UPSTREAM INTERNAL SOLITONS GENERATED BY MOVING DISTURBANCES

Here we study the phenomenon of internal solitons generated periodically by a two-dimensional disturbance moving through a stratified fluid with a constant transcritical velocity. Experimentally, with a topography moving along the floor of a fluid layer as forcing disturbance, we found that every so often, a new internal solitary wave was generated to propagate ahead of the disturbance, forming in time a procession of upstream-moving solitons. The amplitude and period of generation of the solitons depend on the Froude number, the density stratification and forcing distribution. Theoretical predictions are made numerically based on the inhomogeneous Boussinesq model (IB) and the forced KdV model (IKdV). Broad agreement was found between theory and experiment.
Generalized free products and HNN extensions

Recall that if a group G is a generalised free product $$ G = A\mathop *\limits_H B, $$ , then (i) G = gp(A∪ B), where A and B are subgroups of G; (ii) A ∩ B = H; (iii) every “strictly alternating” A ∪ B-product $$ x_1 \ldots x_n \ne 1 (n > 0). $$ .
Prognostic indicators of treatment response for adults with anxiety

This chapter discusses the prognostic indicators of treatment response for adults with anxiety. Evidence for the effect of comorbidity on the presentation of anxiety disorders and the effect on treatment outcomes is reviewed. Additional therapeutic factors that influence treatment response are presented along with treatment approaches aimed at overcoming treatment barriers.
Understanding For-Profit Higher Education in the United States Through History, Criticism, and Public Policy: A Brief Sector Landscape Synopsis

Despite their uniquely innovative and long-standing history within the United States higher education landscape, for-profit higher education institutions (FPHEIs) remain controversial academic entities. Criticism of the for-profit sector maintains that these institutions are not preparing students for successful entry into the workforce. In light of numerous recent struggles, sector growth has significantly receded while FPHE practices and policies continue to be questioned. In the wake of sector decline, FPHEIs have an important opportunity to reimagine their role as educational providers to better serve students and society at large. At this critical transitional moment, this article briefly reviews the literature surrounding the overall FPHE landscape to date in terms of the historical background of the sector, criticisms leveled against FPHE, and important public policies surrounding the for-profit sector. Gaps in the FPHE landscape literature are noted and suggestions for additional sector research are offered with respect to generating future scholarship that may be useful when (re)considering the role that FPHEIs might assume going forward.
Advanced Maintenance in Manufacturing: Costs and Benefits

The costs of maintenance and the potential effect on maintenance costs from adopting predictive maintenance techniques is not well documented at the national level. A number of data items need to be collected to estimate the costs and losses associated with maintenance. This paper examines the current literature on maintenance costs as it relates to advanced maintenance techniques and discusses the feasibility of collecting data to measure the relevant costs and losses. Discussions with manufacturing maintenance personnel suggests that manufacturers are willing and able to provide estimates or approximations of the data needed for estimating the manufacturing costs/losses relevant to advanced maintenance techniques. However, some discussants expressed uncertainty about the willingness to provide some of the data. Some items were not tracked; however, most believed that an approximation could be provided in these cases. In order to estimate maintenance cost for the manufacturing industry as a whole , a sufficient sample size is needed. Depending on the standard deviation, confidence interval, and accepted margin of error, a needed sample size of 77 is estimated, but could reasonably be as low as 14.
Comparative Analysis of Feature Selection Methods to Identify Biomarkers in a Stroke-Related Dataset

This paper applies machine learning feature selection techniques to the REGARDS stroke-related dataset to identify health-related biomarkers. A data-driven methodological framework is presented to evaluate multiple feature selection methods. In applying the framework, three classifiers are chosen in conjunction with two wrappers, and their performance with diverse classification targets such as Current Smoker, Current Alcohol Use, and Deceased is evaluated. The performance across logistic regression, random forest and naive Bayes classifier methods, as quantified by the ROC Area Under Curve metric and selected features, was similar. However, significant differences were observed in running time. Performance of the selected features was also evaluated based on the accuracy of a prediction model generated using a multi-layer perceptron (MLP) classifier.
Survey of human major parasitic diseases in Shixing County from 2002 to 2016

OBJECTIVE To analyze the results of 3 investigations (2002-2004, 2008-2009, and 2016) of major parasitic diseases in Shixing County, so as to provide the evidence for formulating further control strategies. METHODS With the stratified cluster sampling method, 5 administrative villages were investigated. A total of 200 residents aged above 3 years were sampled in each village to investigate the eggs of soil-transmitted nematodes with Kato-Katz technique, and the swab method was applied for detecting the eggs of Enterobius vermicularis in children aged 3-9 years. χ2 test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS Totally 3 857 individuals were surveyed for intestinal parasites, and 5 species of parasites were found and the total infection rates were 28.37%, 4.32% and 0.50% in the 3 investigations respectively, and there were statistically significant differences between any two investigations ( χ2 = 287.64, 327.60 and 31.89 respectively, and all P＜ 0.01). The infection rates of Ascaris lumbricoides, hookworm, Trichuris trichiura and Clonorchis sinensis significantly decreased in the third investigation compared with those in the first investigation ( χ2 = 424.55, 55.45, 43.40 and 26.12 respectively, all P＜ 0.01). However, there was no significant difference between the E. vermicularis infection rates of the first investigation and the third investigation ( χ2 =0.16, P ＞0.05). CONCLUSIONS Compared with the status in the first investigation, the infection rates of A. lumbricoides, hookworm, T. trichiura and C. sinensis are significantly decreased by 90% or more in the third investigation. However, the children's infection rate of E. vermicularis is still very high. Therefore, we should focus on the comprehensive control measures of E. vermicularis infection while formulating further control strategies of parasitic diseases.
ADDRESSING SOCIAL ISOLATION AND LONELINESS AMONG LOW-INCOME SENIORS IN SAN FRANCISCO

Felton Institute has been working to eliminate isolation and loneliness in San Francisco since its inception as a community social service agency 130 years ago. Felton offers culturally and linguistically appropriate programs and services that foster community and social connections among socially isolated, low income older adults, including those living with serious mental illness and those residing in local long-term care facilities. Examples include workforce programs for older adults; the foster grandparent program; and the senior companion program which includes friendly visiting, senior counseling, and peer escort services. This session will highlight lessons learned from these successful programs as well as how they have led to the development of new initiatives focused on conducting outreach, providing trauma-informed services, offering wellness classes, and organizing meaningful activities including a choir, intergenerational gardening, arts and dance classes, and cultural exchange opportunities to isolated older adults living in poverty in San Francisco’s Visitacion Valley.
An Organ System–Based Approach to Differential Diagnosis of Amyloid Type in Surgical Pathology

Context.— Amyloidosis is an uncommon but important entity. A protein-based classification of amyloidosis defines the underlying disease process, directing clinical management and providing prognost...
Protocol for two-arm pragmatic cluster randomized hybrid implementation-effectiveness trial comparing two education strategies for improving the uptake of noninvasive ventilation in patients with severe COPD exacerbation

COPD is the fourth leading cause of death in the US, and COPD exacerbations result in approximately 700,000 hospitalizations annually. Patients with acute respiratory failure due to severe COPD exacerbation are treated with invasive (IMV) or noninvasive mechanical ventilation (NIV). Although IMV reverses hypercapnia/hypoxia, it causes significant morbidity and mortality. There is strong evidence that patients treated with NIV have better outcomes, and NIV is recommended as first line therapy in these patients. Yet, several studies have demonstrated substantial variation in the use of NIV across hospitals, leading to preventable morbidity and mortality. Through a series of mixed-methods studies, we have found that successful implementation of NIV requires physicians, respiratory therapists (RTs), and nurses to communicate and collaborate effectively, suggesting that efforts to increase the use of NIV in COPD need to account for the complex and interdisciplinary nature of NIV delivery and the need for team coordination. Therefore, we propose to compare two educational strategies: online education (OLE) and interprofessional education (IPE) which targets complex team-based care in NIV delivery. Twenty hospitals with low baseline rates of NIV use will be randomized to either the OLE or IPE study arm. The primary outcome of the trial is change in the hospital rate of NIV use among patients with COPD requiring ventilatory support. In aim 1, we will compare the uptake change over time of NIV use among patients with COPD in hospitals enrolled in the two arms. In aim 2, we will explore mediators’ role (respiratory therapist autonomy and team functionality) on the relationship between the implementation strategies and implementation effectiveness. Finally, in aim 3, through interviews with providers, we will assess acceptability and feasibility of the educational training. This study will be among the first to carefully test the impact of IPE in the inpatient setting. This work promises to change practice by offering approaches to facilitate greater uptake of NIV and may generalize to other interventions directed to seriously-ill patients. Name of registry: ClinicalTrials.gov Trial registration number: NCT04206735 Date of Registration: December 20, 2019
Sleep Disturbance Strongly Related to the Development of Postoperative Delirium in Proximal Femoral Fracture Patients Aged 60 or Older.

Purpose Post-fracture sleeping disorders can lead to a deterioration of mental and physical health and delay recovery to pre-fracture status. Here, an analysis was conducted to determine if sleep disturbance is a risk factor for delirium in patients older than 60 years of age with surgically treated proximal femoral fractures. Materials and Methods This retrospective study included 316 patients with surgically treated proximal femoral fractures between January 2014 and December 2016; 33 patients were removed from analysis due to exclusion criteria. Confirmation of delirium was made by a neurologist upon consultation for cognitive impairment and sleeping disorders were confirmed by a doctor or nurse based on the Pittsburgh sleep quality index. Potential risk factors other than a sleep disorder (e.g., history of cognitive impairment, medical illness, preoperational levels of albumin and hemoglobin, transfusion) were also analyzed as variables for the development of delirium. Results The sensitivity and specificity of a sleeping disorder as a risk factor for the development of delirium were 0.75 and 0.76, respectively; the positive and negative predictive values were 0.64 and 0.93, respectively. A sleeping disorder was significantly related to the development of the delirium (odds ratio adjusted for age, sex and body mass index was 5.78, P<0.01). In those with a history of cognitive impairment, the adjusted odds ratio for the development of delirium was 6.03 (P<0.01). Conclusion Sleeping disorders occurring after a surgically repaired proximal femoral fracture in patients 60 years of age or older could be an independent predictive factor of delirium.
Intimate partner violence among pregnant women reporting to the emergency department: findings from a nationwide sample.

Objective Intimate partner violence (IPV) describes physical violence, sexual violence, stalking, or psychological harm by a current or former partner or spouse. During pregnancy, IPV has substantial negative implications for maternal and child health. The aim of the present study was to better understand the prevalence and sociodemographic and psychiatric correlates of IPV among pregnant females in the emergency department (ED). Methods Using the 2016 Nationwide Emergency Department Sample (NEDS), logistic regression was employed to examine the relationship between IPV during pregnancy, sociodemographic factors, substance abuse and mental health disorders. Results Bivariate analyses indicated that approximately 0.06% of pregnant women who visited EDs in 2016 were coded as experiencing abuse by a spouse or partner. Pregnant women abused by a spouse or partner were more likely to have a diagnosis of each of the disorders coded as complicating pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium examined in this study, including alcohol use (0.77%, aOR 8.38, 95% CI 2.80 to 29.50), drug use (2.26%, aOR 3.49, 95% CI 1.60 to 6.15), tobacco use (11.05%, aOR 1.90, 95% CI 1.34 to 2.54) and general mental disorders (4.13%, aOR 2.64, 95% CI 1.60 to 4.79). Conclusion Screening for IPV in EDs, especially among at-risk women identified in this study, may lead to referrals and coordination of care that could reduce the violence and improve maternal and child health outcomes.
Digital micromirror device enabled integral field spectroscopy with the Hadamard transform technique

Spectroscopic measurements often require increased observing time to achieve a desired SNR. Multiplexed measurements of faint signals can improve the SNR in a more efficient manner. The Hadamard transform multiplexing technique offers the highest improvement in SNR of reconstructed signals. A Hadamard Transform Spectral Imager (HTSI) implements the technique through 2D spatial multiplexing to measure spatially resolved spectra with a gain in SNR. This can be implemented on existing and proposed Digital Micromirror Device (DMD) based multi-object spectrometers (MOS) as an HTSI observing mode. The HTSI mode enables the instrument to perform integral field spectroscopy with a gain in SNR. In this work we present preliminary results from modeling the performance of a DMD based HTSI for various sources of noise, signal fluctuations, and observation targets. We also present a plan to implement the technique with the SOAR Adaptive-Module Optical Spectrograph (SAMOS) instrument, a DMD based MOS.
Market Structure for Institutional Investors; Comparing the U.S. and E.U. Regimes

In 2007, both the U.S. and the E.U. implemented sweeping reforms in the regulation of stock exchange trading and market structure, following diametrically opposed approaches. While the E.U. effort is deregulatory and decentralized, allowing investors' choices to determine how different marketplaces interact, U.S. rules are detailed and interventionist, mandating specific principles for the interaction of orders. To explore the impact of these surprising choices of regulatory design, this article focuses on institutional investors, who have come to dominate stock exchange trading in recent years. Because these investors trade in large blocks, their orders may affect stock prices to their detriment, increasing their liquidity costs. The new U.S. rules, however, limit institutional investors' flexibility in choosing a trading strategy that would reduce their liquidity costs effectively. As a result, these rules introduce unnecessary volatility in the market, and may harm the informational value of stock prices. The European framework relies instead on disclosure of quote and last sale information, and helps investors monitor market participants more successfully.
The proximal proteome of 17 SARS-CoV-2 proteins links to disrupted antiviral signaling and host translation

Abstract Viral proteins localize within subcellular compartments to subvert host machinery and promote pathogenesis. To study SARS-CoV-2 biology, we generated an atlas of 2422 human proteins vicinal to 17 SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins using proximity proteomics. This identified viral proteins at specific intracellular locations, such as association of accessary proteins with intracellular membranes, and projected SARS-CoV-2 impacts on innate immune signaling, ER-Golgi transport, and protein translation. It identified viral protein adjacency to specific host proteins whose regulatory variants are linked to COVID-19 severity, including the TRIM4 interferon signaling regulator which was found proximal to the SARS-CoV-2 M protein. Viral NSP1 protein adjacency to the EIF3 complex was associated with inhibited host protein translation whereas ORF6 localization with MAVS was associated with inhibited RIG-I 2CARD-mediated IFNB1 promoter activation. Quantitative proteomics identified candidate host targets for the NSP5 protease, with specific functional cleavage sequences in host proteins CWC22 and FANCD2. This data resource identifies host factors proximal to viral proteins in living human cells and nominates pathogenic mechanisms employed by SARS-CoV-2. Author Summary SARS-CoV-2 is the latest pathogenic coronavirus to emerge as a public health threat. We create a database of proximal host proteins to 17 SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins. We validate that NSP1 is proximal to the EIF3 translation initiation complex and is a potent inhibitor of translation. We also identify ORF6 antagonism of RNA-mediate innate immune signaling. We produce a database of potential host targets of the viral protease NSP5, and create a fluorescence-based assay to screen cleavage of peptide sequences. We believe that this data will be useful for identifying roles for many of the uncharacterized SARS-CoV-2 proteins and provide insights into the pathogenicity of new or emerging coronaviruses.
Engineering Saccharomyces cerevisiae for isoprenol production.

Abstract Isoprenol (3-methyl-3-butene-1-ol) is a valuable drop-in biofuel and an important precursor of several commodity chemicals. Synthetic microbial systems using the heterologous mevalonate pathway have recently been developed for the production of isoprenol in Escherichia coli, and a significant yield and titer improvement has been achieved through a decade of research. Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been widely used in the biotechnology industry for isoprenoid production, but there has been no good example of isoprenol production reported in this host. In this study, we engineered the budding yeast S. cerevisiae for improved biosynthesis of isoprenol. The strain engineered with the mevalonate pathway achieved isoprenol production at the titer of 36.02 ± 0.92 mg/L in the flask. The IPP (isopentenyl diphosphate)-bypass pathway, which has shown more efficient isoprenol production by avoiding the accumulation of the toxic intermediate in E. coli, was also constructed in S. cerevisiae and improved the isoprenol titer by 2-fold. We further engineered the strains by deleting a promiscuous endogenous kinase that could divert the pathway flux away from the isoprenol production and improved the titer to 130.52 ± 8.01 mg/L. Finally, we identified a pathway bottleneck using metabolomics analysis and overexpressed a promiscuous alkaline phosphatase to relieve this bottleneck. The combined efforts resulted in the titer improvement to 383.1 ± 31.62 mg/L in the flask. This is the highest isoprenol titer up to date in S. cerevisiae and this work provides the key strategies to engineer yeast as an industrial platform for isoprenol production.
Counter-hegemonic Computing: Toward Computer Science Education for Value Generation and Emancipation

Students’ lives, both in and out of school, are full of different forms of value. Wealthy students enjoy value in the form of financial capital; their fit to hegemonic social practices; excellent h...
Opportunities and Challenges for Girl Child Schooling and Education in India

Education is a lifelong process of learning things; it always focuses on the learners. Education plays a significant role in the life and development of mankind. Education creates knowledge, awareness and understanding among the human beings for the betterment of society. As a human right, in the 21st century education directs an individual to creativity. The Indian education system is the biggest system in the world where primary, middle, secondary, higher secondary and college plays a very important role in sharpening the personality of individuals. But, there are many hurdles in the way of education system of our country that large numbers of school going children are continuously leaving the school system before completing the secondary education. India is a country where female population is 48.04% compared to that of males which is 51.96%. India has 54,197,555 more male’s population than female’s population. India is at 189th position out of 201 countries in terms of female to male ratio. Among Asian countries, India is at 43th position out of 51. As per Census 2011, Gender ratio of India is 943 females per 1000 males. Gender differences can be seen everywhere in the education system of the country where male dominating society exists. So, the educationist should be aware to the specific needs of the girls. Even after the formation of so many committees and commissions, Government aided initiatives and schemes the enrollment rates of girls are still declining day by day. Those who are enrolled in the schools they are not prepared adequately due to the lack of sufficient facilities. Besides the current culture, shared norms, values, standards, expectations and priorities of teaching and learning in the society is not powerful enough to support true higher learning. This paper is an attempt to discuss the opportunities and challenges of girl’s education in the country.