cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Integration of OLEDs in biomedical sensor systems: design and feasibility analysis

Organic (electronic) Light Emitting Diodes (OLEDs) have been shown to have applications in the field of lighting and flexible display. These devices can also be incorporated in sensors as light source for imaging/fluorescence sensing for miniaturized systems for biomedical applications and low-cost displays for sensor output. The current device capability aligns well with the aforementioned applications as low power diffuse lighting and momentary/push button dynamic display. A top emission OLED design has been proposed that can be incorporated with the sensor and peripheral electrical circuitry, also based on organic electronics. Feasibility analysis is carried out for an integrated optical imaging/sensor system, based on luminosity and spectrum band width. A similar study is also carried out for sensor output display system that functions as a pseudo active OLED matrix. A power model is presented for device power requirements and constraints. The feasibility analysis is also supplemented with the discussion about implementation of ink-jet printing and stamping techniques for possibility of roll to roll manufacturing.
RECENT GROWTH IN NASDAQ TRADING VOLUME AND ITS RELATION TO MARKET VOLATILITY

We document a significant increase in Nasdaq trading volume relative to New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) and American Stock Exchange (AMEX) trading volumes. Although recent increases in the number of shares traded are reported in the financial press, we also find it present in the percentage of dollar values traded. We then examine correlations between trading volume and several measures of market volatility. Nasdaq volume appears to be more closely correlated with residual variance, while NYSE and AMEX volumes are more closely correlated with overall market variance. We conclude that the type and quantity of information driving trading are different on Nasdaq than on the two exchanges, and that the relative growth in Nasdaq volume cannot be attributed solely to differences in the methods of counting volume in the two market environments.
New physics of metals: fermi surfaces without Fermi liquids

Abstract I relate the historic successes, and present difficulties, of the renormalized quasiparticle theory of metals ("AGD" or Fermi liquid theory). I then describe the best-understood example of a non-Fermi liquid, the normal metallic state of the cuprate superconductors.
A variable structure approach to robust control of VTOL aircraft

This paper examines the application of variable structure control theory to the design of a flight control system for the AV-8A Harrier in a hover mode. The objective in variable structure design is to confine the state trajectories to a subspace of the total state space. The motion in this subspace is insensitive to system parameter variations and external disturbances that lie in the range space of the control. A switching type of control law results from the design procedure. The control system was designed to track a vector-valued velocity command. For comparison, a proportional controller was designed using optimal linear regulator theory. Both controllers were evaluated for their transient response performance using a linear model; then a nonlinear simulation study of a hovering approach to landing was conducted. The variable structure controller outperformed its linear counterpart in the presence of wind disturbances and plant parameter uncertainties afforded by the simulation.
Unobserved heterogeneity and equilibrium: an experimental study of Bayesian and adaptive learning in normal form games☆

Abstract We describe an experiment based on a simple two-person game designed so that different learning models make different predictions. Econometric analysis of the experimental data reveals clear heterogeneity in the subjects’ learning behavior. But the subjects follow only a few decision rules for basing their play on their information, and these rules have simple cognitive interpretations. There is a unique equilibrium in pure strategies, and many equilibria in mixed strategies. We find that the only equilibrium consistent with the data is one of the mixed strategy equilibria. This equilibrium is shown, surprisingly, to be consistent with Jordan's Bayesian model.
Will U.S. Agriculture Really Benefit from Global Warming? Accounting for Irrigation in the Hedonic Approach

Will U.S. Agriculture Really Benefit from Global Warming? Accounting for Irrigation in the Hedonic Approach. Wolfram Schlenker, W. Michael Hanemann, and Anthony C. Fisher ∗ There has been a lively debate about the potential impact of global climate change on U.S. agriculture. Most of the early agro-economic studies predict large damages (see, for example, Richard M. Adams, 1989; Harry M. Kaiser et al., 1993; and Adams et al., 1995). In an innovative paper Robert Mendelsohn, William D. Nordhaus and Daigee Shaw (1994) - hereafter MNS - propose a new approach: using the variation in temperature and precipitation across U.S. counties to estimate a reduced form hedonic equation with the value of farmland as the dependent variable. A change in temperature and/or precipitation is then associated with a change in farmland value which can be interpreted as the impact of climate change. Adams et al. (1998) characterize the hedonic approach as a spatial analogue approach, and acknowledge that ”the strength of the spatial analogue approach is that structural changes and farm responses are implicit in the analysis, freeing the analyst from the burden of estimating the eﬀects of climate change on particular region-speciﬁc crops and farmer responses.” On the other hand, one of the potential disadvantages of the hedonic approach is that it is a partial equilibrium analysis, i.e., agricultural prices are assumed to remain constant. 1 While year-to-year ﬂuctuations in annual weather conditions certainly have the potential to impact current commodity prices, especially for crops produced only in a relatively localized area, (such as citrus fruits which are grown mainly in California and Florida), changes in long-run weather patterns (i.e., changes in climate) might have a smaller eﬀect on commodity prices because of the greater potential for economic adaptation, particularly shifts in growing regions. 2 The hedonic approach as implemented by MNS predicts that existing agricultural land on average might be more productive and hence result in beneﬁts for U.S. farmers. 3 The hedonic approach has received considerable attention in our judgment in part because the conclusions are at variance with those of some other studies
Quantifying Reliability and Service Quality for Distribution Systems

Reliability indices for distribution systems are used by utilities and regulators to benchmark performance and prioritize investments in projects to improve performance. However, there can be many variations in the methods used to describe reliability levels, and the indices used may not be the best measures of system performance in terms of the impacts on customers. This paper describes the concept of a "service quality index" that can be used to characterize system performance in a manner that is more appropriate for customers, taking into account customer quality and reliability requirements and expectations
Design of micron MOS switching devices

Summary form only only given, as follows. Modern photolithographic technology offers the capability of fabricating MOSFET devices of micron dimensions and less. It is by no means obvious that such small devices can be designed with suitable electrical characteristics for LSI switching applications. In this talk we will describe short-channel devices (Leff ~ l μ) designed by scaling down larger devices with desirable electrical characteristics. Lateral and vertical dimensions, doping level, and operating voltages and currents are scaled in a self-consistent fashion. In this way small devices have been fabricated without the usual deleterious effects associated with short channels. The measured characteristics of these short-channel devices and the larger devices from which they were scaled will be compared. The scaling procedure helps to better understand the limitations of miniaturization of MOS devices. Significant problems are encountered when operating voltages become comparable to the band gap which cannot be scaled within the silicon technology. The subthreshold characteristic of the device then becomes an important consideration. [This reprint (and two more from 1973 and 1974) show the difference between conference and journal reporting in the 1970s. When the concept of scaling first saw the light of day at IEDM in 1972, only an abstract remained as an archive report. By 1973, the IEDM Digest provided a broader overview of Dennard's report. Dennard's 1974 explanation of scaling turned out to be the most cited article in the 51 year history of the JSSC, close to 700 times, according to the last count in 2005 by the independent citation report firm, Thomson ISI.]
Microarchitectural synthesis of performance-constrained, low-power VLSI designs

New portable signal-processing applications such as mobile telephony, wireless computing, and personal digital assistants place stringent power consumption limits on their constituent components. Substantial power savings can be realized if 5 V designs are translated to use the new lower supply voltage standards. This conversion, however, is not achieved easily: a design originally targeted for implementation in a 5 V technology will typically require significant rework to meet timing and throughput requirements at the lower operating voltage. In this paper we describe a high-level synthesis system which assists the designer in performing this task, minimizing the need for manual redesign. Techniques employed in this work include pipelining and a new approach to module selection that minimizes power consumption subject to timing constraints. Using these and other high-level synthesis techniques to target designs to 3.3 V libraries, we show that it is possible to reduce power consumption by as much as 56p as compared to the original 5 V implementation, while meeting specified minimum throughput and maximum latency constraints.
Distributed transactional memory for metric-space networks

Transactional Memory is a concurrent programming API in which concurrent threads synchronize via transactions (instead of locks). Although this model has mostly been studied in the context of multiprocessors, it has attractive features for distributed systems as well. In this paper, we consider the problem of implementing transactional memory in a network of nodes where communication costs form a metric. The heart of our design is a new cache-coherence protocol, called the Ballistic protocol, for tracking and moving up-to-date copies of cached objects. For constant-doubling metrics, a broad class encompassing both Euclidean spaces and growth-restricted networks, this protocol has stretch logarithmic in the diameter of the network.
Combined Steady State and Transient Analysis of a Patrol Vessel as Affected by Varying Amounts of Damping and Periodic and Random Wave Excitation

In this paper various techniques of dynamical system analysts are used to analyze the effect of damping on large amplitude nonlinear ship-rolling motion of a patrol vessel. In particular steady state magnification curves, Poincare maps are for harmonic forcing and project phase planes are for random forcing. It has been found that varying amounts of damping substantially affect the vessel's critical behavior. This is important since most stability regulations ignore damping and solely concentrate on the vessel's righting ram curve. Moreover roll damping is difficult to predict accurately and small changes in damping may have a significant effect.
A versatile and practical microwave-assisted synthesis of sterically hindered N-arylpiperazines.

A wide-ranging and practical synthesis of structurally diverse, sterically hindered N-arylpiperazines from 2,2′-(4-nitrophenylsulfonylazanediyl) bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(4-nitrobenzenesulfonate) and substituted anilines has been achieved using microwave irradiation in acetonitrile followed by deprotection with PhSH.
Distribution Functions of Sizes and Fluxes Determined from Supra-Arcade Downflows

The frequency distributions of sizes and fluxes of supra-arcade downflows (SADs) provide information about the process of their creation. For example, a fractal creation process may be expected to yield a power-law distribution of sizes and/or fluxes. We examine 120 cross-sectional areas and magnetic flux estimates found by Savage & McKenzie for SADs, and find that (1) the areas are consistent with a log-normal distribution and (2) the fluxes are consistent with both a log-normal and an exponential distribution. Neither set of measurements is compatible with a power-law distribution nor a normal distribution. As a demonstration of the applicability of these findings to improved understanding of reconnection, we consider a simple SAD growth scenario with minimal assumptions, capable of producing a log-normal distribution.
Evidence for solar-cycle evolution of north-south flare asymmetry during cycles 20 and 21

The record of flare incidence from January 1969 to October 1988 indicates that the north-south (N-S) distribution of large flares is periodic and approximately in phase with the 11-year sunspot cycle. These data are based on observations of the whole-disk Sun in continuum soft X-rays which commenced in early 1969 and have proceeded without interruption to the present time. The pattern of occurrence, observed for slightly less than two sunspot cycles, is that large flares concentrate in north heliographic latitudes soon after solar minimum and then migrate gradually southward as the cycle progresses. By the end of the cycle, most large flares occur in the south. The degree of N-S asymmetry apparently is a function of the intensity of the flare; the most intense flares show the largest amount of N-S asymmetry. The data suggest that sunspots and flares may be driven by distinctly different excitation mechanisms arising at different levels in the convection zone. This conjecture is supported by recent work of Bai (1987, 1988), who has discovered that the superactive regions producing the majority of flares rotate at a speed substantially different from the Carrington rate, which is based primarily on the observed motion of sunspots.
Using gravitational-wave standard sirens

Gravitational waves (GWs) from supermassive binary black hole (BBH) in-spirals are potentially powerful standard sirens (the GW analog to standard candles; see work of B. Schutz). Because these systems are well modeled, the space-based GW observatory LISA will be able to measure the luminosity distance (but not the redshift) to some distant massive BBH systems with 1%-10% accuracy. This accuracy is largely limited by pointing error: GW sources are generally poorly localized on the sky. Localizing the binary independently (e.g., through association with an electromagnetic counterpart) greatly reduces this positional error. An electromagnetic counterpart may also allow determination of the event's redshift. In this case, BBH coalescence would constitute an extremely precise (better than 1%) standard candle visible to high redshift. In practice, gravitational lensing degrades this precision, although the candle remains precise enough to provide useful information about the distance-redshift relation. Even if very rare, these GW standard sirens would complement, and increase confidence in, other standard candles.
Relationships between severity of chronic rhinosinusitis and nasal polyposis, asthma, and atopy.

BackgroundThe effect of comorbid conditions such as asthma and atopy on the severity of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and the presence of nasal polyps (NPs) remains an area of investigation. We soug...
Inhibition of plant glycosidases by a D-galacturonic acid analog

Abstract A simple synthesis of the aza-analog 7 of D-galacturonic acid 8 from D-galactose is reported.
Task frames: Primitives for sensory-motor coordination

Abstract In order to navigate and manipulate objects in the environment, a robot must have a model of itself, its surround, and how it interacts with the surround. The key issues are: what form should these models take; how are they constructed from sensory input; and how are they used? We argue that an extension of object-centered coordinate frames, termed task frames , is an essential ingredient in such models.
Structure of the Large Magellanic Cloud from 2MASS

We derive structural parameters and evidence for extended tidal debris from star count and preliminary standard candle analyses of the Large Magellanic Cloud based on Two-Micron All-Sky Survey (2MASS) data. The full-sky coverage and low extinction in Ks present an ideal sample for structural analysis of the LMC. The star count surface densities and deprojected inclination for both young and older populations are generally consistent with previous work. We fit the projected density with an exponential disk or spherical power-law model with an optional two-dimensional elliptical bar. The derived disk scale length is R = 1.42 ± 0.01 kpc for models without the bar and R = 2.15 ± 0.01 kpc for models with the bar included. The median value for the bar axis ratio is q = 3.4 for intermediate and old LMC populations and q = 4.1 for young populations. The radial profile shows evidence for disk truncation near 3 kpc. We use the full areal coverage and large "LMC diameter"/"Galactocentric" distance ratio to infer the disk inclination based on perspective. The values for inclination derived from different populations range from 22° to 29°, with the variance weighted average i = 240 ± 03. The inclinations derived from models including the bar result in a larger estimate, i = 382 ± 04. A standard candle analysis based on a sample of carbon long-period variables (LPV) in a narrow color range, 1.6 < J-Ks < 1.7, allows us to probe the three-dimensional structure of the LMC along the line of sight. The intrinsic brightness distribution of carbon LPVs in selected fields implies that σM 0.2 mag for this color cut. The sample provides a direct determination of the LMC disk inclination: 423 ± 72. Distinct features in the photometric distribution suggest several distinct populations. We interpret this as the possible presence of an extended stellar component of the LMC, which may be as thick as 8 kpc, and intervening tidal debris at roughly 14 kpc from the LMC. Alternatively, these features may be intrinsic to asymptotic giant branch evolution and motivate additional theoretical modeling.
First step towards automatic correction of firewall policy faults

Firewalls are critical components of network security and have been widely deployed for protecting private networks. A firewall determines whether to accept or discard a packet that passes through it based on its policy. However, most real-life firewalls have been plagued with policy faults, which either allow malicious traffic or block legitimate traffic. Due to the complexity of firewall policies, manually locating the faults of a firewall policy and further correcting them are difficult. Automatically correcting the faults of a firewall policy is an important and challenging problem. In this article, we first propose a fault model for firewall policies including five types of faults. For each type of fault, we present an automatic correction technique. Second, we propose the first systematic approach that employs these five techniques to automatically correct all or part of the misclassified packets of a faulty firewall policy. Third, we conducted extensive experiments to evaluate the effectiveness of our approach. Experimental results show that our approach is effective to correct a faulty firewall policy with three of these types of faults.
Etale homotopy and sums-of-squares formulas

This paper uses a relative of BP-cohomology to prove a theorem in characteristic p algebra. Specifically, we obtain some new necessary conditions for the existence of sums-of-squares formulas over fields of characteristic p>2. These conditions were previously known in characteristic zero by results of Davis. Our proof uses a generalized etale cohomology theory called etale BP2.
Rotation Velocities of Red and Blue Field Horizontal-Branch Stars

We present measurements of the projected stellar rotation velocities (v sin i) of a sample of 45 candidate field horizontal-branch (HB) stars spanning a wide range of effective temperatures, from red HB stars with Teff 5000 K to blue HB stars with Teff of 17,000 K. Among the cooler blue HB stars (Teff = 7500-11500 K), we confirm prior studies showing that, although a majority of stars rotate at v sin i < 15 km s-1, there exists a subset of fast rotators with v sin i as high as 30-35 km s-1. All but one of the red HB stars in our sample have v sin i < 10 km s-1, and no analogous rotation bimodality is evident. We also identify a narrow-lined hot star (Teff 16,000 K) with enhanced photospheric metal abundances and helium depletion, similar to the abundance patterns found among hot BHB stars in globular clusters, and four other stars that may also belong in this category. We discuss details of the spectral line fitting procedure that we use to deduce v sin i and explore how measurements of field HB star rotation may shed light on the issue of HB star rotation in globular clusters.
Experimentally generating faults in rolling element bearings via shaft current

The purpose of this research is to develop a method for experimentally generating in situ bearing faults. To motivate this topic, experimental results are provided that illustrate how the act of removing and replacing test bearings drastically alters the machine vibration and stator current spectral characteristics. Based on this observation, a method is developed that employs an externally applied shaft current to initiate and progress a bearing fault in an accelerated timeframe. This experimental method begins with a new, undamaged bearing and progresses it throughout its entire lifecycle in situ. The test machine is a standard induction motor that can be interfaced with any load and operate at any arbitrary speed or load level throughout the bearing failure process. Data generated by this experimental method can then be used to evaluate the performance of various bearing condition monitoring schemes.
Synthesis and catalytic activity when using a type 2 titanate

Abstract The synthesis of Type 2 crystalline sodium aluminum titanate (T2CT) was optimized, and techniques for scale-up from 3 to 100 grams per batch were developed. On scaling to 100 g batches the surface area decreased from 207 to 160–170 m 2 g , but all other properties such as X-Ray diffraction patterns, elemental composition, ion exchange capacity, and stability remained the same. Four sources of aluminum, aluminum nitrate, aluminum chloride, aluminum isopropoxide, and aluminum butoxide, were used in the synthesis, and no apparent change in the material occurs. The composition, ion exchange capacity, and effective difiusivity for hexane vapor measured at 22 ° C for the T2CT was determined to be Na0.47Al0.02TiO2.265, 4.4 meq g , and 1.2 × 10−11 m 2 s , respectively. Calcination at 535 °C resulted in a slight decrease in the d0-spacing from 1.0 to 0.9 nm, and formation of the crystalline phase, Na0.23TiO2. At 600 °C the only crystalline phase remaining was Na0.23TiO2. When add exchanged T2CT was used as a support for a sulfided NiMo catalysts, the activity for hydrogenation of pyrene was 1.22(g Mo)−1s−1 for particle size of −100 mesh. For two commercial catalysts, Shell 324 and Amocat 1C, the activities were 1.2 and 1.45 (g Mo)−1 s−1 for −200 mesh, respectively. Effective diffusivities of 6.5 × 10−12 and 3.2 × 10−11 m 2 s for pyrene at 300 °C were obtained for Shell 324 and Amocat 1C commercial catalysts, respectively.
Multilevel polarization of polar codes over arbitrary discrete memoryless channels

It is shown that the original construction of polar codes suffices to achieve the symmetric capacity of discrete memoryless channels with arbitrary input alphabet sizes. It is shown that in general, channel polarization happens in several, rather than only two, levels so that the synthesized channels are either useless, perfect or “partially perfect”. Given a coset decomposition of the input alphabet, there exists a corresponding partially perfect channel whose outputs uniquely determine the coset where the channel input symbol belongs to. By a slight modification of the encoding and decoding rules, it is shown that perfect transmission of certain information letters over partially perfect channels is possible. It is also shown through an example that polar codes do not achieve the capacity of coset codes over arbitrary channels.
Constant Factor Lasserre Integrality Gaps for Graph Partitioning Problems

Partitioning the vertices of a graph into two roughly equal parts while minimizing the number of edges crossing the cut is a fundamental problem (called balanced separator) that arises in many settings. For this problem, and variants such as the uniform sparsest cut problem where the goal is to minimize the fraction of pairs on opposite sides of the cut that are connected by an edge, there are large gaps between the known approximation algorithms and nonapproximability results. While no constant factor approximation algorithms are known, even APX-hardness is not known either. In this work we prove that for balanced separator and uniform sparsest cut, semidefinite programs from the Lasserre hierarchy (which are the most powerful relaxations studied in the literature) have an integrality gap bounded away from 1, even for $\Omega(n)$ levels of the hierarchy. This complements recent algorithmic results in Guruswami and Sinop [Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science (FOCS), ...
Models of the Morphology, Kinematics, and Star Formation History of the Prototypical Collisional Starburst System NGC 7714/7715 = ARP 284

We present new N-body, hydrodynamical simulations of the interaction between the starburst galaxy NGC 7714 and its poststarburst companion NGC 7715, focusing on the formation of the collisional features, including (1) the gas-rich star-forming bridge, (2) the large gaseous loop (and stellar tails) to the west of the system, (3) the very extended H I tail to the west and north of NGC 7714, and (4) the partial stellar ring in NGC 7714. Our simulations confirm the results of earlier work that an off-center inclined collision between two disk galaxies is almost certainly responsible for the peculiar morphologies of this system. However, we have explored a wider set of initial galaxy and collisional encounter parameters than previously and have found a relatively narrow range of parameters that reproduce all the major morphologies of this system. The simulations suggest specific mechanisms for the development of several unusual structures. We find that the complex gas bridge has up to four distinct components, with gas contributed from two sides of NGC 7715, as well as from NGC 7714. The observed gas-star offset in this bridge is accounted for in the simulations by the dissipative evolution of the gas. The models suggest that the most recently formed gas bridge component from NGC 7715 is interacting with gas from an older component. This interaction may have stimulated the band of star formation on the north side of the bridge. The models also indicate that the low surface brightness H I tail to the far west of NGC 7714 is the end of the NGC 7715 countertail, curved behind the two galaxies. The sensitivity of the tidal structures to collision parameters is demonstrated by comparisons between models with slightly different parameter values. Comparison of model and observational (H I) kinematics provides an important check that the morphological matches are not merely fortuitous. Line-of-sight velocity and dispersion fields from the model are found to match those of the observations reasonably well at current resolutions. Spectral evolutionary models of the NGC 7714 core by Lancon et al. suggest the possibility of multiple starbursts in the last 300 Myr. Our hydrodynamic models suggest that bursts could be triggered by induced ringlike waves and a postcollision buildup of gas in the core of the galaxy.
Perspectives on Mechanism Design in Economic Theory

Economics began with Xenophon’s Oeconomicus (c 360 BCE), in which Socrates interviews a model citizen who has two primary concerns. He goes out to his farm in the country to monitor and motivate his workers there. Then he goes back to the city, where his participation in various political institutions is essential for maintaining his rights to own this farm. Such concerns about agents’ incentives and political institutions are also central in economic theory today. But they were not always. Two centuries ago, economics developed as an analytical social science by focusing on produc tion and allocation of material goods, developing methodologies of national-income accounting and price theory. Questions about resource allocation seemed particularly amenable to math ematical analysis, because flows of goods and money are measurable and should satisfy flowbalance equations and no -arbitrage conditions. From this perspective, the classical economic problem was that people’s ability to satisfy their desires is constrained by limited resources. The classical economic result was that unrestricted free trade can achieve allocative efficiency, in the sense that reallocating the available resources cannot improve everyone’s welfare. A shift of focus from allocation of resources back to analysis of incentives began from the time of Augustin Cournot (1838), when economic theorists began to analyze optimal decisions of rational individuals as a tool for understanding supply and demand in price theory (see Jurg
Computation of small-scale velocity turbulence and its effect on optical scintillations and stimulated thermal Rayleigh scattering

Coherent high-power light beams propagating long distances through turbulent fluids are subject to many kinds of scattering effects; among these are small-scale thermal index instabilities, in which the fluid is heated by the small fraction of light that is absorbed, amplifying the pre-existing index fluctuations and producing small-angle stimulated thermal Rayleigh scattering. Turbulent velocity fluctuations can inhibit the rate of growth of these instabilities by dispersing the thermal perturbations created by the beam. Methods for computing the turbulent diffusion of the heating perturbations, compatible with fast-Fourier-transform beam propagation computations, are presented. Propagation calculations of scintillation coherence times and small-scale velocity turbulence thresholds for stimulated thermal Rayleigh scattering are included.
A search in strainmeter data for slow slip associated with triggered and ambient tremor near Parkfield, California

[1] We test the hypothesis that, as in subduction zones, slow slip facilitates triggered and ambient tremor in the transform boundary setting of California. Our study builds on the study of Peng et al. (2009) of triggered and ambient tremor near Parkfield, California during time intervals surrounding 31, potentially triggering, M ≥ 7.5 teleseismic earthquakes; waves from 10 of these triggered tremor and 29 occurred in periods of ambient tremor activity. We look for transient slow slip during 3-month windows that include 11 of these triggering and nontriggering teleseisms, using continuous strain data recorded on two borehole Gladwin tensor strainmeters (GTSM) located within the distribution of tremor epicenters. We model the GTSM data assuming only tidal and “drift” signals are present and find no detectable slow slip, either ongoing when the teleseismic waves passed or triggered by them. We infer a conservative detection threshold of about 5 nanostrain for abrupt changes and about twice this for slowly evolving signals. This could be lowered slightly by adding analyses of other data types, modeled slow slip signals, and GTSM data calibration. Detection of slow slip also depends on the slipping fault's location and size, which we describe in terms of equivalent earthquake moment magnitude, M. In the best case of the GTSM above a very shallow slipping fault, detectable slip events must exceed M∼2, and if the slow slip is beneath the seismogenic zone (below ∼15 km depth), even M∼5 events are likely to remain hidden.
Inorganic clathrate-II materials of group 14: synthetic routes and physical properties

Crystalline open-framework and nanoporous materials have long attracted the attention of chemists, physicists, and materials scientists. The intriguing structures such materials exhibit are often intimately related to the unique physical properties they possess. This article reviews recent developments in the preparation and characterization of one such class of inorganic materials, those comprised of group 14 elements crystallizing with the clathrate-II crystal structure. These materials correspond to expanded forms and, in some cases, metastable allotropes of Si, Ge, and Sn. Just as interesting as the structure and properties that group 14 clathrate-II materials display is the diverse range of synthetic techniques used to prepare them and these techniques are discussed. We review the work to date characterizing the physical properties of group 14 clathrate-II materials with emphasis placed on structure–property relationships, in particular with regard to the electronic and transport properties.
Broadcasting multiple messages in simultaneous send/receive systems

Abstract We investigate the problem of broadcasting multiple messages in a message-passing system that supports simultaneous send and receive. The system consists of n processors, one of which has m messages to broadcast to the other n − 1 processors. The processors communicate in rounds. In each round, a processor can simultaneously send a message to one processor and receive a message from another processor. The goal is to broadcast the m messages among the n processors in the minimal number of communication rounds. The lower bound on the number of rounds required is (m − 1) + ⌈log n⌉. We present an algorithm for this problem that requires at most m + ⌈log n⌉ communication rounds, for any values of m and n.
Accelerating the Kinetics of Low-Temperature Inorganic Syntheses

Abstract This paper reviews several different methods used by the author over the past 40 years and those very recently developed in his laboratory for accelerating reactions in oxide materials at temperatures in the range 0-500°C. The latter include: (1) acoustic wave stimulation (sonochemical), (2) using ionizing and nonionizing radiation, and (3) the hydrothermal process with microwave fields. The results show that several of these methods can accelerate reactions of the most common oxides, especially in aqueous environments, by one to two orders of magnitude, and are therefore technologically significant. The basic science behind the processes is still primitive. The classical methods include: (4) utilizing precursors made via the solution sol-gel method and, recently, epitaxy via nanocomposite gel routes, (5) using low melting "fluxes," (6) hydrothermal processes, hydrothermal process with superimposed electric fields, and hydrothermal process with mechanical forces, and (7) mechanochemical effects including very high uniaxial pressure and shear.
Classifying subcategories of modules

In this paper, we classify certain subcategories of modules over a ring R. A wide subcategory of R-modules is an Abelian subcategory of R-Mod that is closed under extensions. We give a complete classification of wide subcategories of finitely presented modules when R is a quotient of a regular commutative coherent ring by a finitely generated ideal. This includes all finitely presented algebras over a principal ideal domain, as well as polynomial rings on infinitely many variable over a PID. The classification is in terms of subsets of Spec R, and depends heavily on Thomason's classification of thick subcategories of small objects in the derived category. We also classify all wide subcategories closed under arbitrary coproducts for any Noetherian commutative ring R. These correspond to arbitrary subsets of Spec R, and this classification depends on Neeman's classification of localizing subcategories of the derived category.
A Survey for Outer Satellites of Mars: Limits to Completeness

We have surveyed the Hill sphere of Mars for irregular satellites. Our search covered nearly the entire Hill sphere, but scattered light from Mars excluded the inner few arcminutes where the satellites Phobos and Deimos reside. No new satellites were found to an apparent limiting red magnitude of 23.5, which corresponds to radii of about 0.09 km using an albedo of 0.07.
Use of CA 125 to monitor patients with ovarian epithelial carcinomas.

Abstract The CA 125 radioimmunoassay has been increasingly used to monitor the course of patients with ovarian epithelial carcinomas. The purpose of this report is to describe our experience in the use of this assay and to better define its clinical utility. Fifty-one patients had serum CA 125 follow-up during primary chemotherapy. All 51 patients demonstrated either a normal CA 125 level at the completion of chemotherapy or a substantial fall in CA 125 values with treatment. In 48 of 51 patients, the drop in CA 125 levels was temporally related to the clinical regression or remission of tumor. Forty of these patients underwent second-look laparotomy; 23 patients (58%) had residual disease. A total of 45 patients had serum CA 125 determinations at the time of second-look laparotomy. Eight patients with microscopic disease and 11 of 18 patients with gross residual disease had a "negative" (less than 35 U/ml) CA 125 level. The predictive value of an elevated CA 125 level was 1.00. However, the predictive value of a negative value was only 0.50. Hence, a negative CA 125 level cannot be a substitute for a second-look laparotomy. Only 7 of 18 patients (39%) with gross residual disease at second-look surgery had an elevated CA 125 level. Patients with an elevated CA 125 and gross residual tumor at the second-look laparotomy uniformly demonstrated large, bulky disease. Furthermore, the survival of patients with gross residual disease at second-look laparotomy correlated with the preoperative CA 125 value. Serum CA 125 determinations also show promise in the follow-up of patients with a negative second-look laparotomy. The serum CA 125 level from patients with a "negative" second-look laparotomy can become elevated months before recurrent disease is appreciated.
Thermal Hot Spot and Corrosion Damage in Conical Pressure Components

Structural integrity of an in-service component containing damage such as corrosion and thermal hot spot has to be evaluated regularly so as to certify the acceptance and safety of continued service of the component. In this paper, limit load solutions of a damaged conical shell, particularly local wall thinning and thermal hot spot, is investigated. The derived solutions are based on identifying the regions in the damaged component that directly participate in the plastic action (kinematically active). The concepts of reference volume and decay length are employed to identify the kinematically active regions in the damaged conical shell. The different solutions proposed in this paper are compared with the elastic-plastic finite element analysis. The results indicate that proposed solutions can be used with acceptable accuracy to make integrity assessment decisions.
Velocity and Temperature Statistics in Reacting Droplet-Laden Homogeneous Shear Turbulence

The results of numerical simulations are used to investigate the effects of the mass-loading ratio and the droplet time constant on the velocity and temperature statistics in a two-phase homogeneous shear turbulence. The fuel vapor generated by the evaporation of the droplets reacts with the oxidizer carrier gas through a single-step, second-order reaction. The carrier phase is simulated in the Eulerian frame using direct numerical simulation, whereas the droplets are tracked in a Lagrangian manner. It is shown that the turbulence kinetic energy and its small-scale viscous dissipation rate increase with the decrease of either the mass-loading ratio or the droplet time constant. The opposite trend is observed for the early variations of the extra dissipation, which results from the drag. It appears that the velocity and temperature e uctuations of the dispersed phase can be reasonably described by Gaussian distribution. The increase of the mass loading ratio increases both the mean temperature of the carrier phase and the Lagrangian mean temperature difference between the phases. The increase of the droplet time constant however decreases the former while increasing the latter.
Detailed validation of a liquid and heat flow code against field performance

The numerical code PT, which calculates liquid and heat flow in a saturated porous or fractured porous medium, has been validated against a series of field experiments involving the injection and subsequent production of hot water into a confined aquifer. The layered structure of the aquifer and strong buoyancy effects, indicating highly coupled liquid and heat flows, provide a stringent test of the code's ability to model the real world.
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency.

It has long been recognized that certain ordinarily salutary drugs may produce an acute hemolytic anemia in some susceptible individuals. The 8-aminoquinoline antimalarial, pamaquine (plasmoquine), was such a medication. It was the investigation of the hemolytic effect of pamaquine and its derivatives which led to the recognition that hereditary red cell enzyme deficiencies could produce hemolytic disease.
DYNAMICAL MASS CONSTRAINTS ON THE ULTRALUMINOUS X-RAY SOURCE NGC 1313 X-2

Dynamical mass measurements hold the key to answering whether ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) are intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs) or stellar-mass black holes with special radiation mechanisms. NGC 1313 X-2 is so far the only ULX with Hubble Space Telescope light curves, the orbital period, and the black hole's radial velocity amplitude based on the He II {lambda}4686 disk emission line shift of {approx}200 km s{sup -1}. We constrain its black hole mass and other parameters by fitting observations to a binary light curve code with accommodations for X-ray heating of the accretion disk and the secondary. Given the dynamical constraints from the observed light curves and the black hole radial motion and the observed stellar environment age, the only acceptable models are those with 40-50 Myr old intermediate-mass secondaries in their helium core and hydrogen shell burning phase filling 40%-80% of their Roche lobes. The black hole can be a massive black hole of a few tens of M{sub Sun} that can be produced from stellar evolution of low-metallicity stars, or an IMBH of a few hundred to above 1000 M{sub Sun} if its true radial velocity 2K' < 40 km s{sup -1}. Further observations are required to better measuremore » the black hole radial motion and the light curves in order to determine whether NGC 1313 X-2 is a stellar-mass black hole or an IMBH.« less
Theory of dopants and defects in Co-doped TiO 2 anatase

We report first-principles microscopic calculations of the formation energy, electrical activity, and magnetic moment of Co dopants and a variety of native defects in ${\mathrm{TiO}}_{2}$ anatase. Using these results, we use equilibrium thermodynamics to predict the resulting carrier concentration, the average magnetic moment per Co, and the dominant oxidation state of Co. The predicted values are in good agreement with experiment under the assumption of O-poor growth conditions. In this regime, a substantial fraction of Co dopants occupy interstitial sites as donors. The incomplete compensation of these donors by substitutional Co acceptors then leads to n-type behavior, as observed experimentally.
Generalized Kac–Moody Lie Algebras and Product Quivers

We construct the entire generalized Kac–Moody Lie algebra as a quotient of the positive part of another generalized Kac–Moody Lie algebra. The positive part of a generalized Kac–Moody Lie algebra can be constructed from representations of quivers using Ringel's Hall algebra construction. Thus we give a direct realization of the entire generalized Kac–Moody Lie algebra. This idea arises from the affine Lie algebra construction and evaluation maps. In [16], we give a quantum version of this construction after analyzing Nakajima's quiver variety construction of integral highest weight representations of the quantized enveloping algebras in terms of the irreducible components of quiver varieties.
The renormalized trajectory of the O(N) non-linear sigma model

The renormalized trajectory (RT) is determined from two different Monte Carlo renormalization group techniques with δ-function block spin transformation in the multi-dimensional coupling parameter space of the twodimensional non-linear sigma model with O(3) symmetry. At a correlation length ξ ≈ 3–5, the RT is shown to break away from the straight line of the fixed point trajectory (FPT) which is orthogonal to the critical surface and originates from the ultraviolet fixed point (UVFP). The large N calculation of the RT is also presented in the coupling parameter space of the most general bilinear Hamiltonian. The RT in the large N approximation exhibits a similar shape with the sharp break occurring at a somewhat smaller correlation length.
On the hardness of recognizing triangular line graphs

Given a graph G, its triangular line graph is the graph T (G) with vertex set consisting of the edges of G and adjacencies between edges that are incident in G as well as being within a common triangle. Graphs with a representation as the triangular line graph of some graphG are triangular line graphs, which have been studied under many names including anti-Gallai graphs, 2-in-3 graphs, and link graphs. While closely related to line graphs, triangular line graphs have been dicult to understand and characterize. Van Bang Le asked if recognizing triangular line graphs has an ecient algorithm or is computationally complex. We answer this question by proving that the complexity of recognizing triangular line graphs is NP-complete via a reduction from 3-SAT.
The slope of the mass profile and the tilt of the Fundamental Plane in early-type galaxies

We present a survey, using the Chandra X-ray observatory, of the central gravitating mass profiles in a sample of 10 galaxies, groups and clusters, spanning ∼2 orders of magnitude in virial mass. We find the total mass distributions from ∼0.2 to 10R e , where R e is the optical effective radius of the central galaxy, are remarkably similar to power-law density profiles. The negative logarithmic slope of the mass density profiles, α, systematically varies with R e , from α ≃ 2, for systems with R e ∼ 4 kpc to a ≃ 1.2 for systems with R e ≳ 30 kpc. Departures from hydrostatic equilibrium are likely to be small and cannot easily explain this trend. We show that the conspiracy between the baryonic (Sersic) and dark matter (Navarro-Frenk-White/Einasto) components required to maintain a power-law total mass distribution naturally predicts an anti-correlation between α and R e that is very close to what is observed. The systematic variation of α with R e implies a dark matter fraction within R e that varies systematically with the properties of the galaxy in such a manner as to reproduce, without fine tuning, the observed tilt of the Fundamental Plane. We speculate that establishing a nearly power-law total mass distribution is therefore a fundamental feature of galaxy formation and the primary factor which determines the tilt of the Fundamental Plane.