cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Analytical Approach to Wake Vortex and Jet Wake Flow Interaction in Cruising Flight

An analytical approach has been taken, to the crossplane nature of wake vortex and jet wake flows from commercial heavy jet transports in cruise, with a view to providing insight into the condensation patterns observed visually and sensed by ground-based LIDAR during flight research campaigns by the NRC, DLR and others. For this study, the essential features of the engine-exhaust turbulent jet flow have been considered, amidst the roll-up of the shed vorticity sheet, from the spanwise lift distribution, into a pair of primary, wingtip vortices. Jet-flow entrainment analysis yielded a mass-balancing radial inflow of such a magnitude to be a secondorder effect. The buoyant nature of the jet-core airflow from the gas-generator of turbofan engines, used on large jet transport aeroplanes constituted the principal effect. The degree of mixing between the hot core-flow and the cold bypass jet exhaust flow within the engine installation contributes to the magnitude of buoyancy. In particular, the mixing fraction will be greater in the case of podded-engine installation designs, which mix exhaust streams within the nacelle, compared to a nacelle which does not result in any hot and cold exhaust stream mixing until before discharge into the atmosphere. It is shown that for a hot-stream core-flow exhaust gas temperature of 650°C, upon discharge to the atmosphere in the case of a non-pre-mixed jet-flow, the core-flow detrains from the surrounding cold-stream jet, to rise above and remain above the shed vorticity sheet, essentially non-entrained, whereas the cold flow jet is entrained by the wrapping vorticity sheet. On the other hand, for a 40% hot/cold stream pre-mixing in the engine pod, the warmer core-flow detrains initially, but subsequently is re-entrained downwards under wingtip vortex inducement. Both cases have been observed to occur in the contrails of flight observations.
Oxidative Addition of Silanes to Ru5(CO)15(μ5-C) under Photolytic Conditions. The Synthesis and Structural Characterizations of Ru5(CO)14(SiEt3)(μ5-C)(μ-H) and Ru5(CO)15(SiEt3)(μ5-C)(μ-H)

The reaction of Ru5(CO)15(μ5-C), 1, with triethylsilane in the presence of UV−vis irradiation has yielded two new cluster complexes: Ru5(CO)14(SiEt3)(μ5-C)(μ-H), 2, in 11% yield and Ru5(CO)15(SiEt3)(μ5-C)(μ-H), 3, in 4% yield. Compound 2 can be converted to 3 in 89% yield under an atmosphere of CO at 25 °C. Compound 3 is converted back to 2 when heated to 97 °C. Compounds 2 and 3 were both characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses. Compound 2 contains a square pyramidal cluster of five ruthenium atoms with a μ5-carbido ligand. The SiEt3 ligand is coordinated to one of the basal ruthenium atoms. The Ru−Ru bond from this ruthenium atom to the apical ruthenium atom is unusually long at 3.1353(8) A. Compound 3 contains an open Ru5(μ5-C) cluster where one ruthenium atom bridges a butterfly arrangement of four ruthenium atoms. The silyl group is bonded to the bridging ruthenium atom, and the hydride ligand bridges the hinge bond of the butterfly.
Methyl alcohol purification of the rabbit papilloma virus.

SummaryThe methanol precipitative technic of Cox, et al., when applied to the purification and concentration of papilloma virus from naturally occurring cottontail rabbit papillomas, domestic rabbit papillomas and neutral virus-antibody mixtures readily yielded active papilloma virus from the cottontail papillomas but it did not yield virus from either domestic rabbit papillomas or from papilloma virus and its antibody in neutral mixture.
Clinical Observation of Hypotensive Effect of Taichong Acupoint Injection with Ligustrazine on Hypertention

[Objective]To investigate the clinical acupuncture therapy to essential hypertension(EH).[Methods]40 hypertension patients of liver-Yang hyperactivity were randomly divided into treatment group(20 cases)and control group(20 cases).Treatment group received Taichong Acupoint injection with ligustrazine at the dose of 10 mg per time,control group received intramuscular injection with ligustrazine at the dose of 40 mg per time.[Results]The effects of 2 groups were similar in terms of certain symptoms improvement and total clinical efficacy.The clinical effect of treatment group was significantly better than that of control group in terms of decreasing blood pressure and blood hypercoagulability of EH patients.[Conclusion]Taichong Acupoint injection with ligustrazine is an exact method for EH treatment.
Adhesion in hydrogel contacts

A generalized thermomechanical model for adhesion was developed to elucidate the mechanisms of dissipation within the viscoelastic bulk of a hyperelastic hydrogel. Results show that in addition to the expected energy release rate of interface formation, as well as the viscous flow dissipation, the bulk composition exhibits dissipation due to phase inhomogeneity morphological changes. The mixing thermodynamics of the matrix and solvent determines the dynamics of the phase inhomogeneities, which can enhance or disrupt adhesion. The model also accounts for the time-dependent behaviour. A parameter is proposed to discern the dominant dissipation mechanism in hydrogel contact detachment.
The Treatment of Elderly Patients With Multiple Myeloma: Is More Better?

The variety of treatment options available to patients of all ages who have multiple myeloma has improved considerably in the past decade. However, elderly patients have benefited more than patients of other ages. Because elderly patients, as a group, are usually not offered autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) as a treatment option, they have been unable to benefit from the wide application of this technique, first introduced in the late 1980s. In the past 8 years, however, thalidomide, bortezomib, and very recently lenalidomide, when combined with conventional doses of alkylators and corticosteroids, have produced marked improvements in progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in elderly patients. Harousseau has thoroughly reviewed the important studies documenting these benefits for this population.
Predicting Success: Left Ventricular Assist Device Explantation Evaluation Protocol Using Comprehensive Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing.

Left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) provide decongestion of the left ventricle (LV) with associated reversal of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, restoration of adrenergic receptor density, and improvement in calcium handling. Unfortunately, translation of these changes into definitive functional recovery at the organ level is infrequent. Reports of LVAD explantation rates because of cardiac recovery are highly variable depending on heart failure (HF) pathogenesis and weaning criteria used, with reported rates ranging from 4.5% to 45%.1 Institution-specific LVAD explantation evaluation protocols exist that use various hemodynamic, imaging, and gas exchange measurements in any combination. However, protocols that provide comprehensive assessment of myocardial performance under dynamic loading conditions and in response to the highly relevant physiological stress of exercise are lacking. The high reported rates of HF recurrence after LVAD explantation provide further motivation to carefully assess cardiac reserve capacity before explantation. This case series describes the use of a novel protocol in 2 patients, which integrates assessments of hemodynamic, imaging, and gas exchange measures during the state of rest, LVAD speed reduction, and exercise to uniquely characterize cardiac reserve capacity and guide LVAD explantation decision making. ### Patient 1 A 44-year-old man underwent coronary bypass graft surgery in the setting of severe LV systolic dysfunction related to anabolic steroid use and coronary artery disease. Despite prolonged, postoperative mechanical support, there was no evidence of LV function recovery, and the patient underwent insertion of a Heartware LVAD (HVAD). Six months later, a transthoracic echo on full LVAD support revealed a low normal LV ejection fraction (LVEF), normal LV end-diastolic dimension, and aortic valve opening with each beat. These data prompted a LVAD explantation …
User-centric distributed solutions for privacy-preserving analytics

How can cryptography empower users with sensitive data to access large-scale computing platforms in a privacy-preserving manner?
US National Air Quality Forecast Capability: Expanding Coverage to Include Particulate Matter

The US National Air Quality Forecast Capability (NAQFC), developed by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) in partnership with the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), currently provides next-day operational predictions for ground level ozone and smoke for 50 US states. Ozone predictions are produced with the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model driven by NOAA’s operational North American Mesoscale weather forecast Model (NAM); routine verification is conducted with monitoring data compiled by the EPA. Smoke prediction relies on satellite detections of smoke sources, US Forest Service emission estimates, with transport and dispersion simulated by the HYbrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model driven by NAM; routine verification is conducted with satellite observations of smoke. Quantitative predictions of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) are in development. Inventory based simulations using CMAQ with aerosol modules show seasonal biases: overestimating in wintertime and underestimating in summertime. Current testing focuses on including intermittent aerosol sources directly emitted by wildfires and dust storms within the forecast domain; longer-range transport of dust is incorporated through lateral boundary conditions. For example, simulations of trans-Atlantic transport of Saharan dust, injected into the prediction domain, contribute enhanced surface PM2.5 concentrations in the southern US, as observed in surface monitoring. Simulated PM2.5 concentrations are being evaluated with speciated observations in order to improve seasonal biases in predictions. Research on assimilating PM2.5 surface observations shows potential to improve predictions. Furthermore, analysis of discrepancies between observations and model predictions that are produced during assimilation can provide insight on impacts of proposed improvements to PM2.5 predictions.
Does Sodium Knowledge Affect Dietary Choices and Health Behaviors? Results From a Survey of Los Angeles County Residents.

Introduction In 2010, the Los Angeles County Department of Public Health launched a local sodium-reduction initiative to address the rising prevalence of high blood pressure (hypertension) and related cardiovascular conditions in the population. To inform this effort, we evaluated self-reported knowledge and health behaviors related to sodium intake among Los Angeles County residents. Methods We administered 3 cross-sectional Internet panel surveys on knowledge about dietary sodium to a sample of Los Angeles County adults, at intervals from December 2014 through August 2016. Multinomial and logistic regression models were constructed to describe associations between sodium knowledge and self-reported health behaviors. Results A total of 7,067 panel subjects clicked into the online survey, and 2,862 completed the survey (adjusted response rate = 40.5%). Only 102 respondents (3.6%) were able to accurately report the recommended milligrams of sodium that an average adult should consume daily (1,500 mg to 2300 mg). Knowing about daily sodium intake recommendations was associated with increased odds of using Nutrition Facts labels to make food purchase decisions (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 3.48; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.59-7.60) and with decreased odds of taking measures to prevent hypertension (AOR, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.19-0.74). Conclusions Los Angeles County residents had a limited knowledge of recommended daily sodium intake. Efforts to increase understanding of these recommendations may encourage wider engagement in healthy behaviors. Health agencies should integrate sodium reduction messages in their diet and nutrition educational efforts.
Interpreting Physical Sketches as Architectural Models

We present an algorithm for the automatic interpretation of a rough architectural sketch as a consistent 3D digital model. We compare our results to the designer’s intended geometry. We further validate the algorithm by studying the variations in possible interpretations made by other humans for a set of relatively ambiguous sketches. In our system, the user sketches an architectural design by arranging small-scale physical wall modules and simple markers for windows on a table. These color-coded elements are captured by a camera mounted above the scene and recognized using computer vision techniques. The architectural design is automatically inferred from this rough physical sketch transforming it into a consistent and manifold 3D triangle mesh representation. The resulting digital model is amenable to numerous building simulations including lighting, acoustics, heating/ cooling, and structural analysis.
Meaningful assessment of professional competence in medical school curriculum.

Professional development can be integrated into the medical school curriculum using the techniques and strategies described in this article. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.
Planning and Response for Biological Epidemics and Bioterrorism

Information about specific treatment of anthrax, smallpox, botulinum, Ebola, and other infectious diseases can be found elsewhere.
Influence of temperature on the magnetic properties of nanostructured Fe-49 wt.% Co-2 wt.% V alloy powder synthesized by mechanically milling pre-alloyed gas-atomized powder

Abstract The magnetic properties of nanostructured Fe-49 wt.% Co-2 wt.% V alloy powder, synthesized by mechanically milling pre-alloyed gas-atomized powder, were investigated from cryogenic to high temperatures (60–900 K). At cryogenic temperatures, the as-milled nanostructured alloy powder exhibited stable magnetic properties. The decrease in MS was by a minuscule ∼2 %—from ∼212 ± 1 Am2/kg (at 300 K) to ∼217 ± 2 Am2/kg (at 60 K), and the increase in HCI was by a modest (∼8%)—from ∼6.1 kA/m (at 300 K) to ∼6.6 kA/m (at 60 K). At high temperatures (>300 K), both MS and HCI decreased. Annealing improved the soft-magnetic properties of the as-milled alloy powder. The annealed alloy powders retained their nanostructure—grain size ∼15–30 nm. The as-milled alloy annealed at 900 K showed the highest MS and the lowest HCI among all the other annealing temperatures—MS increased by ∼7%–∼225 ± 1 Am2/kg and the HCI decreased to ∼1.0 kA/m. The annealed nanostructured Fe-49 wt% Co-2 wt.% V alloy powder exhibited magnetic properties comparable to a few annealed nanostructured Fe- Co-based alloys. The annealed nanostructured alloy powder displayed fairly stable magnetic properties over a wide range of cryogenic temperatures. The annealed Fe-49 wt.% Co-2 wt.% V alloy powder is better suited for soft-magnetic applications than the as-milled powder, from ambient to cryogenic temperatures.
“It Was All over with Wildfire”: Horse Accidents in George Eliot’s Fiction

Drawing on recent work by Paul Fyfe and Ruth Livesey, the essay explores the dangers of relying on horses for transportation, economic gain and pleasure, showing how Eliot transmuted this reality into formal conventions that marked turning points in her narratives. On a trip to Italy in 1861, Eliot’s horse falls on the edge of a precipice. She is unhurt, but Lewes, who sees her fall, feels “very sick and faint from the shock” (Lewes Journals). While such hazards of foreign travel may seem extraordinary, accidents involving horses were common both in everyday life and in Victorian fiction. Horse accidents appear in Eliot’s fiction including “Janet’s Repentance,” The Mill on the Floss, Silas Marner, Middlemarch, and Daniel Deronda. The essay concludes with a discussion of the tension between Eliot’s representation of horses as commodities and her sympathy with horses as sentient creatures.
Underwater video surveys provide a more complete picture of littoral fish populations than seine samples in clear Florida springs

Traditional fish-sampling methods may be problematic because of public use or safety concerns. In this study, we compared one common sampling method with video assessment of fish abundance and diversity in three springs that differed in water clarity and structure. At each of four or five sites per spring, we placed one GoPro camera on each bank for 12min and followed the filming with seine sampling. On the video, we counted the maximum number of individuals of each species observed within one frame (MaxN) and summed these counts to produce an estimate of fish abundance (SumMaxN). Then we compared abundance (SumMaxN), species richness and diversity between seine and video samples across all three springs. Video produced higher estimates of abundance (SumMaxN), species richness, and diversity than did seine sampling. However, this effect was largely confined to species richness and diversity differences between sample methods in the structurally complex spring; differences were subtle or non-existent in the low-structure spring and in the turbid spring. In all three springs, video captured relatively more centrarchids; these taxa were captured only rarely in seine samples. Therefore, video sampling performed as well or better than did seine sampling for fish-assemblage assessment in these clear springs.
Unemployment Insurance and Takeovers

This paper studies the impact of unemployment insurance (UI) on corporate takeovers. Exploiting changes in UI generosity across US states and over time, we find that UI helps to mitigate shareholder-employee conflict of interest in corporate takeovers by reducing employee resistance and increasing deal likelihood. The effect is stronger in firms with strong employee legal rights and high labor intensity. UI generosity also increases expected synergy gains. However, target shareholders seem to mainly benefit from higher likelihood of being acquired when UI benefits are higher rather than from higher premium. Acquirers pay lower takeover premium and have higher announcement returns when target firm UI benefits are higher, consistent with weaker resistance reducing the chances of overpaying for target firms. Overall, we find that unemployment insurance has the unintended consequence of helping to mitigate shareholder-employee conflict of interests in takeovers.
Auditors and regulatory work (1987–2013): From reporting accountants’ to skilled persons’ reports in the UK

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the jurisdictional expansion of audit into the area of UK financial regulation. The paper draws on the analytical framework of new audit spaces (Andon et al., 2014, 2015), which built on the concept of regulatory space (Hancher and Moran, 1989), and characterises this new audit space as regulatory work. Design/methodology/approach – Through an intensive reading of a variety of publicly available documentary sources, the paper investigates the role of auditors and accountants in the reporting accountants’ and skilled persons’ regimes in the UK under the Banking Act 1987 and the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000. Findings – The paper identifies a new audit space characterised as regulatory work, which is made up of three distinct phases (and suggests the recent emergence of a fourth phase), and considers the extent to which these phases of regulatory work share common themes across new audit spaces identified by Andon et al. (2015) as independence, reporting, accreditation and mediating. Originality/value – The paper identifies a further jurisdictional expansion of audit into a new audit space, characterised as regulatory work
Efficacy of Hybrid Closed-Loop System in Adults with Type 1 Diabetes and Gastroparesis

Abstract We evaluated the efficacy of 670 G HCL on changes in HbA1c and continuous glucose monitor (CGM)-based glucose metrics at 3 and 6 months between five adults with T1D with gastroparesis and ...
Outcome measures for Nusinersen efficacy in Adults with Spinal Muscular Atrophy (S5.008)

Objective: Evaluate valid outcome measures for adults receiving intrathecal nusinersen for spinal muscular atrophy(SMA) Background: Nusinersen significantly improves motor function and survival in infants, children and teenagers with SMA, but treatment benefits in adults are uncertain. Given high treatment costs, it is practical and ethical to establish reliable measures of clinical improvement for adult SMA treatment programs Design/Methods: This is a single-center cohort study of 8 SMA Type 3 patients aged 25–56, with 3 or more SMN2 copies, who received nusinersen over 2–13 months. Of these, 3 were non-ambulatory. Fatigue(PedsQL Fatigue scale), pulmonary function(FVC, FEV1, MEP and MIP), overall function(SMA-Functional Rating Scale(FRS)) and motor function(Functional Motor Score-Expanded (HFMSE), 6-minute walk test(6MWT) and Revised Upper Limb Measure(RULM)) were assessed. Statistical analysis was performed with 2-tailed paired t-tests Results: Over mean 7 months, 100% adult SMA patients on nusinersen self-reported increased energy and improved exercise tolerance. PedsQL-cognitive improved in 100% non-ambulatory and 0% ambulatory patients. PedsQL-sleep improved in 100% non-ambulatory and 50% ambulatory patients. SMA-FRS and 6MWT showed no clinically meaningful change. HFMSE increased from 33.5 to 35.5(p=0.04, 95% CI =(0.123, 3.877)) and RULM increased from 27.9 to 31.7(p=0.0395, 95% CI=(0.26, 7.46)). FVC and FEV1 improved by 7%, and MEP and MIP improved by 2–3% in 2 non-ambulatory patients over mean 8.5 months Conclusions: Observations of modest trends in improvement in HFMSE and RULM scores, over a short observation period of 2–13 months, show potential as outcome measures in this population of ambulatory and non-ambulatory type 3 SMA adult patients. Cognitive/sleep PedsQL and pulmonary function tests show promise. More patients are being observed over a longer timeframe. The observations of self-reported improvement suggest that more work is needed to evaluate more clinically meaningful outcome measures, such as additional quality of life questionnaires Disclosure: Dr. Yeo has nothing to disclose. Dr. Simeone has nothing to disclose. Dr. Zhang has nothing to disclose. Dr. Trautman has nothing to disclose. Dr. Damron has nothing to disclose. Dr. Nwe has nothing to disclose. Dr. Siranosian has nothing to disclose. Dr. Johnstone has nothing to disclose. Dr. Chen has nothing to disclose. Dr. Townsend has nothing to disclose. Dr. Nery has nothing to disclose. Dr. Herrmann has nothing to disclose. Dr. Swoboda has received personal compensation for consulting, serving on a scientific advisory board, speaking, or other activities with Biogen. Dr. Swoboda has received research support from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute for Child Health and Human Development, Biogen, and AveXis, Inc.
A Clearing Technique to Enhance Endogenous Fluorophores in Skin and Soft Tissue

Fluorescent proteins are used extensively in transgenic animal models to label and study specific cell and tissue types. Expression of these proteins can be imaged and analyzed using fluorescent and confocal microscopy. Conventional confocal microscopes cannot penetrate through tissue more than 4–6 μm thick. Tissue clearing procedures overcome this challenge by rendering thick specimens into translucent tissue. However, most tissue clearing techniques do not satisfactorily preserve expression of endogenous fluorophores. Using simple adjustments to the BABB (Benzoic Acid Benzyl Benzoate) clearing methodology, preservation of fluorophore expression can be maintained. Modified BABB tissue clearing is a reliable technique to clear skin and soft tissue specimens for the study of dermal biology, wound healing and fibrotic pathologies.
Homeostasis Revisited: Patterns of Stability and Rebalancing in Older Adults’ Social Lives

Objectives To examine patterns of change in later-life social connectedness: (1) the extent and direction of changes in different aspects of social connectedness - including size, density, and composition of social networks, network turnover, and three types of community involvement; and (2) the sequential nature of these changes over time. Method We use three waves of nationally representative data from the National Social Life Health and Aging Project (NSHAP), collected from 2005/6 to 2015/16. Respondents were between the ages of 67 and 95 at follow up. Types of changes in their social connectedness between the two successive five-year periods are compared to discern over-time change patterns. Results Analyses reveal stability or growth in the sizes of most older adults' social networks, their access to non-kin ties, network expansiveness, as well as several forms of community involvement. Most older adults experienced turnover within their networks, but losses and additions usually offset each other, resulting in generally stable network size and structural features. Moreover, when older adults reported decreases (increases) in a given form of social connectedness during the first half of the study period, these changes were typically followed by countervailing increases (decreases) over the subsequent five-year period. This general pattern holds for both network and community connectedness. Discussion There is an overwhelming tendency toward either maintaining or rebalancing previous structures and levels of both personal network connectedness and community involvement. This results in overall homeostasis. We close by discussing the need for a unifying theoretical framework that can explain these patterns.
The Risks of Being Tiny: The Added Risk of Low Weight for Neonates Undergoing Congenital Heart Surgery

The aims of this study were (1) to describe the additive risk of performing cardiac surgery in neonates born ≤ 2.0 kg, after accounting for the baseline risks of low birth weight, and (2) to describe the additive risk of being born ≤ 2.0 kg in neonates undergoing cardiac surgery. We used a risk difference analysis in a retrospective cohort, 2006–2016. Neonates born ≤ 2.0 kg undergoing congenital heart surgery during initial postnatal admission were included. Data were standardized alternatingly for birth weight and cardiac surgical risk using national population data to estimate the number of deaths expected had they not required cardiac surgery or were they of normal weight. Of 105 neonates ≤ 2 kg, median birth weight was 1.6 kg (IQR 1.3–1.8 kg). Median gestational age was 33 weeks (IQR 31–35 weeks). Observed operative mortality was 14.3%; 0% for neonates ≤ 1.0 kg (CI 0–33.6%), 20.6% for neonates > 1.0–1.5 kg (CI 8.7–37.9%), and 12.9% for neonates > 1.5–2.0 kg (CI 5.7–23.9%). Among neonates ≤ 2.0 kg not undergoing cardiac surgery, expected mortality was 4.8% (CI 1.6–10.8); cardiac surgery increased the risk of mortality 9.5% (CI 1.7–17.4%). Conversely, the expected risk for normal birth weight neonates undergoing cardiac surgery was 5.7% (CI 2.1–12.0%); low birth weight increased the risk of mortality 8.6% (CI 0.5–16.6%). To continue making advancements in cardiac surgery, we must understand that the rate of mortality observed in normal weight infants is not a realistic target and that, despite advances, the risk attributable to the surgery remains higher among low birth weight patients.
Physiology of sensory neurons in morphologically identified cuticular sensilla of crustaceans

There is an incredibly rich diversity of specializations in the cuticular surface of crustaceans. Some of these structures are innervated by sensory neurons and are called sensilla. Sensilla may be innervated by mechanoreceptive neurons, by chemoreceptive neurons, or by both types of neurons. Although many types of sensilla from many groups of crustaceans have been identified and morphologically described, our knowledge of physiological response properties of neurons within morphologically identified sensilla is much more limited and comes almost exclusively from the larger decapod crustaceans. Nonetheless, these physiological studies have given us important information as to how these mechanosensors and chemosensors determine the qualitative, quantitative, directional, and temporal nature of mechanical and chemical stimuli — the type of information necessary for the animal possessing these sensors to survive and prosper.
The Impact of Neoliberalism on Civil Society and Nonprofit Advocacy

The following manuscript employs critical inquiry to analyze the effects of neoliberalism on nonprofits in the U.S. and their capacity to engage in political advocacy and the production of meaning, a pivotal role for civil society institutions. Three false narratives of how nonprofits support democracy are presented followed by a discussion of how neoliberalism and the economization of the sector has delimited their capacity to fulfill their roles of engaging in emancipatory projects or social change. The manuscript concludes with a discussion of how nonprofits can reclaim civic space and empower citizens in a representative democracy.
Mutations causing Lopes-Maciel-Rodan syndrome are huntingtin hypomorphs.

Huntington's disease (HD) pathogenesis involves a genetic gain-of-function toxicity mechanism triggered by the expanded HTT CAG repeat. Current therapeutic efforts aim to suppress expression of total or mutant huntingtin, though the relationship of huntingtin's normal activities to the gain-of-function mechanism and what the effects of huntingtin-lowering might be are unclear. Here, we have re-investigated a rare family segregating two presumed HTT loss-of-function variants associated with the developmental disorder, Lopes-Maciel-Rodan syndrome (LOMARS), using whole genome sequencing of DNA from cell lines, in conjunction with analysis of mRNA and protein expression. Our findings correct the muddled annotation of these HTT variants, reaffirm they are the genetic cause of the LOMARS phenotype and demonstrate that each variant is a huntingtin hypomorphic mutation. The NM_002111.8: c.4469 + 1G > A splice donor variant results in aberrant (exon 34) splicing and severely reduced mRNA, whereas, surprisingly, the NM_002111.8: c.8157 T > A NP_002102.4: Phe2719Leu missense variant results in abnormally rapid turnover of the Leu2719 huntingtin protein. Thus, while rare and subject to an as yet unknown loss-of-function intolerance at the population level, bona fide HTT loss-of-function variants can be transmitted by normal individuals leading to severe consequences in compound heterozygotes due to huntingtin deficiency.
Implementation of an Automated Sepsis Screening Tool: A Cost Analysis

Background: Implementation of screening tools for sepsis has improved outcomes, but the cost impact is unknown. Objective: To determine the difference in median medical costs per comparable affected patient encounter before and after implementation of our institution's automated interruptive sepsis screening tool. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cost comparison of patient encounters in a large, freestanding pediatric emergency department (ED) before and after implementing an automated interruptive alert for sepsis screening. We identified two initial cohorts of encounters, from which we derived propensity matched comparison groups. …
Reno-appendiceal fistula in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease

We present a very rare Case of a 53-year-old female with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) who was incidentally found to have a reno-appendiceal fistula while undergoing open bilateral nephrectomy. The mid-portion of the appendix was fistulized to a cyst in the lower pole of the right kidney. The etiology was likely due to chronic inflammation. An appendectomy was performed along with the planned right nephrectomy to ensure complete removal of the fistulous tract.
A Review of the Preanalytical Errors that Impact Therapeutic Drug Monitoring.

PURPOSE Preanalytical errors comprise the majority of testing errors experienced by clinical laboratories and significantly impact the accuracy of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM). METHODS Specific preanalytical factors in sample timing, collection, transport, processing, and storage that lead to errors in TDM were reviewed. We performed a literature search using several scientific databases including PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Web of Science, and ResearchGate for human studies published in the English language from January 1980 to February 2021, reporting on TDM and the preanalytical phase. RESULTS Blood collection errors (ie, wrong anticoagulant/clot activator used, via an intravenous line, incorrect time after dosing) delay testing, cause inaccurate results, and adversely impact patient care. Blood collected in lithium heparin tubes instead of heparin sodium tubes produce supertoxic lithium concentrations, which can compromise care. Specimens collected in serum separator gel tubes cause falsely decreased concentrations due to passive absorption into the gel when samples are not processed and analyzed quickly. Dried blood spots are popular for TDM as they are minimally invasive, allowing for self-sampling and direct shipping to a clinical laboratory using regular mail. However, blood collection techniques, such as trauma to the collection site, filter paper fragility, and hematocrit (Hct) bias, can adversely affect the accuracy of the results. Volumetric absorptive microsampling is a potential alternative to dried blood spot that offers fast, volume-fixed sampling, low pain tolerance, and is not susceptible to Hct concentrations. CONCLUSIONS The identification of preanalytical factors that may negatively impact TDM is critical. Developing workflows that can standardize TDM practices, align appropriate timing and blood collection techniques, and specimen processing will eliminate errors.
Living with high potassium: an asset or a hindrance

K is more toxic than Na at similar concentrations but the molecular mechanisms governing excess K-induced salt stress responses, including excess K+ signaling and major cellular functions interrupted during K toxicity in plants are unknown. We used Arabidopsis thaliana and its extremophyte relative Schrenkiella parvula, to explore this interesting but vastly unexplored question using comparative physiological, ionomic, transcriptomic, and metabolomic approaches aimed at understanding how plants can develop resilience to excess K toxicity. Our results showed that the stress responses exhibited by the two plants diverged at a decisive step where the stress-sensitive A. thaliana could not limit excess K influx and suffered severe nutrient depletion. The stress adapted model, S. parvula, was able to independently regulate reduction in K uptake while sustaining uptake of other major nutrients including N. Upheld N uptake and uninterrupted assimilation into primary metabolites allowed S. parvula to sustain growth and concurrently boost its antioxidant capacity and osmolyte pools, facilitated by a targeted transcriptomic response. In contrast, A. thaliana descended into mismanaged transcriptional cascades including induction of both biotic and abiotic stress responses and autophagy accompanied by inhibited growth, photosynthesis, and induced accumulation of ROS. This study provides a basic framework to select key pathways to target in the development of building plant resilience towards non-canonical salt stress induced by excess K+.
Bayesian Inference in High-Dimensional Time-Serieswith the Orthogonal Stochastic Linear Mixing Model.

Many modern time-series datasets contain large numbers of output response variables sampled for prolonged periods of time. For example, in neuroscience, the activities of 100s-1000's of neurons are recorded during behaviors and in response to sensory stimuli. Multi-output Gaussian process models leverage the nonparametric nature of Gaussian processes to capture structure across multiple outputs. However, this class of models typically assumes that the correlations between the output response variables are invariant in the input space. Stochastic linear mixing models (SLMM) assume the mixture coefficients depend on input, making them more flexible and effective to capture complex output dependence. However, currently, the inference for SLMMs is intractable for large datasets, making them inapplicable to several modern time-series problems. In this paper, we propose a new regression framework, the orthogonal stochastic linear mixing model (OSLMM) that introduces an orthogonal constraint amongst the mixing coefficients. This constraint reduces the computational burden of inference while retaining the capability to handle complex output dependence. We provide Markov chain Monte Carlo inference procedures for both SLMM and OSLMM and demonstrate superior model scalability and reduced prediction error of OSLMM compared with state-of-the-art methods on several real-world applications. In neurophysiology recordings, we use the inferred latent functions for compact visualization of population responses to auditory stimuli, and demonstrate superior results compared to a competing method (GPFA). Together, these results demonstrate that OSLMM will be useful for the analysis of diverse, large-scale time-series datasets.
Heritability of quantitative autism spectrum traits in adults: A family-based study.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) comprises a multi-dimensional set of quantitative behavioral traits expressed along a continuum in autistic and neurotypical individuals. ASD diagnosis-a dichotomous trait-is known to be highly heritable and has been used as the phenotype for most ASD genetic studies. But less is known about the heritability of autism spectrum quantitative traits, especially in adults, an important prerequisite for gene discovery. We sought to measure the heritability of many autism-relevant quantitative traits in adults high in autism spectrum traits and their extended family members. Among adults high in autism spectrum traits (n = 158) and their extended family members (n = 245), we calculated univariate and bivariate heritability estimates for 19 autism spectrum traits across several behavioral domains. We found nearly all tested autism spectrum quantitative traits to be significantly heritable (h2 = 0.24-0.79), including overall ASD traits, restricted repetitive behaviors, broader autism phenotype traits, social anxiety, and executive functioning. The degree of shared heritability varied based on method and specificity of the assessment measure. We found high shared heritability for the self-report measures and for most of the informant-report measures, with little shared heritability among performance-based cognition tasks. These findings suggest that many autism spectrum quantitative traits would be good, feasible candidates for future genetics studies, allowing for an increase in the power of autism gene discovery. Our findings suggest that the degree of shared heritability between traits depends on the assessment method (self-report vs. informant-report vs. performance-based tasks), as well as trait-specificity. LAY SUMMARY: We found that the scores from questionnaires and tasks measuring different types of behaviors and abilities related to autism spectrum disorder (ASD) were heritable (strongly influenced by gene variants passed down through a family) among autistic adults and their family members. These findings mean that these scores can be used in future studies interested in identifying specific genes and gene variants that are associated with different behaviors and abilities related with ASD.
Morphology and distribution of hypothalamic peptidergic systems.

Abstract Neuropeptides participate in the regulation of numerous hypothalamic functions that are aimed for sustaining the homeostasis of the organism. These neuropeptides can act in two different levels. They can influence the release of hormones from the adenohypophysis via the portal circulation; in addition, they can act as neurotransmitters/neuromodulators modulating the functioning of numerous hypothalamic neurotransmitter systems. Indeed, most of these peptidergic systems form a complex network in the infundibular and periventricular nuclei of the human hypothalamus, communicating with each other by synaptic connections that may control fundamental physiologic functions. In the present chapter, we provide an overview of the distribution of neuropeptides in the human hypothalamus using immunohistochemistry and high-resolution, three-dimensional mapping.
Missing Decisions and the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit

Merritt McAlister’s Missing Decisions is an important contribution to our understanding of civil procedure, judicial decisionmaking, and the law itself. McAlister’s study demonstrates that many merits terminations by federal appellate courts aren’t readily accessible to the public, nor do they show up in major legal research databases like Westlaw, Lexis and Bloomberg. Two of the limitations of Missing Decisions are that it relies on summary statistical tables to quantify the portion of merits terminations that are “missing,” and it doesn’t include the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit because its statistical tables are in a different format than other circuits. Yet, the Federal Circuit is a prime candidate for understanding the issue of “missing decisions.” It is a court that has employed summary decisionmaking to great extent, even as it is perhaps the most scrutinized court outside of the Supreme Court. This response draws on datasets of the Federal Circuit’s dockets and decisions to examine the issue of “missing decisions” at the Federal Circuit. It finds that while the Federal Circuit makes virtually all of its decisions on the merits of an appeal available on its website, there are still many decisions that are only accessible via the appeal dockets themselves—McAlister’s Missing Decisions. In particular, decisions on the appropriateness of an appeal, such as appellate jurisdiction or timeless, are commonly not posted to the court’s website.
Online field experiments: a selective survey of methods

The Internet presents today’s researchers with unprecedented opportunities to conduct field experiments. Using examples from Economics and Computer Science, we present an analysis of the design choices, with particular attention to the underlying technologies, in conducting online field experiments and report on lessons learned.
"Superwarfarin" ingestion. A new problem in covert anticoagulant overdose

For the attention of psychiatric consultants, brodifacoum, a new longer-acting, warfarin-like oral anticoagulant rodenticide, has been used for suicide attempts. The overdose potential with brodifacoum is serious since it is readily available without prescription, and bleeding complications last for weeks to months after a single ingestion. This article reports a case of ingestion and reviews four similar cases from medical literature. Also reviewed are details about mechanism of action, procedures for diagnosis, and treatment requirements. Also, characteristics of persons who ingest long-acting anticoagulants appear to differ from those who ingest short-acting anticoagulants reported from earlier literature.
The Oxygen Abundance in HD 103095

Since oxygen represents one half of all atoms of elements other than hydrogen and helium, its abundance is crucial in fundamental astrophysical contexts like the ages of globular clusters and the rate of chemical evolution in the Galaxy. However the large oxygen abundances in metal-poor dwarfs, determined primarily from the high excitation O I triplet lines at 7774 A are now held suspect (see Abia and Rebolo 1989 and Tomkin et al. 1992 for discussions). The infrared (Δv/=2) vibrational-rotational lines of the OH molecule may be the only viable alternative for a definitive determination of the [O/Fe] trend as a function of [Fe/H]. We report the first results from our ongoing study of oxygen abundances in halo dwarfs using these lines.
Code clouds: Qualitative geovisualization of geotweets

The popularity of geotagged social media has provided many research opportunities for geographers and GIScientists in the digital age. This article reviews innovative approaches to studying spatially linked social media, and applies lessons taken from qualitative GIS and geographic visualization to improve these approaches. I introduce the idea of “code clouds” as a potential technique for the qualitative geovisualization of spatial information. Code clouds can depict and visualize analytic codes, or codes identifying key ideas and themes, that are generated through digital qualitative research. Rather than transforming qualitative forms of data into categories or numbers, code clouds attempt to preserve and represent the context of data as a visualized outcome of qualitative analysis. I use examples from an exploratory case study of geotweets in King County, WA, to demonstrate how code clouds can be applied to the production of meanings through qualitative geovisualization. Les nuages conceptuels : la geovisualisation qualitative des geogazouillis Resume A l'ere numerique, la popularite des medias sociaux geolocalises ouvre la voie a de nombreuses possibilites de recherche pour les geographes et les specialistes des SIG. Cet article passe en revue les nouvelles approches pour l'etude des medias sociaux fixes dans l'espace, puis tire des enseignements des SIG qualitatifs et de la visualisation geographique en vue d'ameliorer ces approches. La notion de « nuage conceptuel » est depeinte comme une technique pouvant servir a la geovisualisation qualitative de l'information spatiale. Les nuages conceptuels peuvent decrire et illustrer des codes analytiques ou des codes d'identification des idees et themes principaux qui se degagent des etudes numeriques privilegiant une approche qualitative. Plutot que de transformer les bases de donnees qualitatives en des categories ou des numeros, les nuages conceptuels tentent de preserver et de representer le contexte de donnees en tant que resultat illustre a l'origine de l'analyse qualitative. Je m'appuie sur des exemples tires d'une etude de cas exploratoire menee sur des geogazouillis dans le comte de King, Etat de Washington, afin de montrer de quelle maniere les nuages conceptuels peuvent soutenir la production de significations a travers la geovisualisation qualitative.
Analysis of Pre Test and Post Test Performance of Students in a Learning Center Model at the Elementary School Level

Many students are struggling in school academically. These students do not qualify for additional resources. Typically these students continue to struggle in their classroom, year after year. Additionally, teachers tend to socially promote these students. These students continue to fail because they are lacking foundational skills. The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of small group instruction using select reading comprehension strategies on student reading achievement comparing Measures of Academic Progress (MAPs) assessments from September 2014 to February 2015. The literature suggests that reading comprehension strategies and phonetic awareness improvements are only noted in small group instruction, grammar needs to be taught explicitly, and teachers need to understand individuals backgrounds and use that knowledge to motivate and encourage their students learning. This is a teacher action research project. Pretest and posttest quantitative data will be collected and analyzed. The results indicated that approximately 50% of students who received explicated small group instruction in reading comprehension performed higher on their reading section of the MAPs statewide assessment in February 2015.