cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Budowa geologiczna góry Krzemianki koło Kielc

Przedstawiono profil litologiczny i sytuacje tektoniczną warstw kambryjskich odslonietych przekopem drogowym na gorze Krzemiance. Autorzy stwierdzili tu obecnośc faldu obalonego ku SW z plaszczyzną osiową pochyloną ku NE. Fakty zarejestrowane na gorze Krzemiance w zestawieniu z wcześniejszymi obserwacjami z Wiśniowki i Wąworkowa pozwalają wyciągnąc wniosek o regionalnym charakterze tego typu deformacji plastycznych. GEOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF KRZEMIANKA HILL NEAR KIELCE Lithologic section and observation on tectonics of Cambrian rocks exposed along road excavation traversing Krzemianka Hill (area north of Kielce) are discussed in the paper. The hill forms the last western elevation of the main range of the Świetokrzyskie Mts. Knowledge of lithology and tectonics of that part of the mountains was practically none till present. The authors distinguished the four Iithologic complexes: claystone, claystone-sandstone, quartzitic sandstone, and claystone-siltstone-sand-stone. A trench with its lithologic section, made in 1965 about 650 m north-west of the road excavation, was, included in the present study. There is a good correlation of both the exposures, since thickness of both quartzitic sandstone complexes occured to be almost equal. On the contrary, lithologic correlation of the Krzemianka Hill rocks and those of the Wiśniowka area has met serious difficulties at the present state of knowledge. The three complexes of quartzitic sandstones have been found within the Wiśniowka area, reprezentative exposures of which are located at Wiśniowka Wielka, Wiśniowka Mala, and Podlesie. Age of the southernmost sandstone complex at Podlesie has not been yet determined, thus its correlation with the sandstone complexes at Wiśniowka Wielka and Wiśniowka Mala as well as Krzemianka Hill is not feasible due to lack of competent data. The Cambrian rocks build the back of Krzemianka Hill in a form of synclinal fold overturned to south-west, with its axial plane dipping north-east. All the elements of the fold are clearly visible on the road excavation site: a down rank with its beds dipping north-east at an angle of 50 - 55 degrees, a crest with drag fold well developed, and an upper flank with beds dipping south-west at an angle of 55 degrees. The upper flank of the fold was only exposed in the trench, with its beds dipping north-east at an angle of 50 degrees. It is most likely that the structure under consideration forms the root element of a larger complex fan fold developed within the main range of the Świetokrzyskie Mountains. Consideration on tectonics of the area, presented in the paper, are closely consistent with observations of J. Czarnocki and J. Samsonowicz, formerly made in the Wiśniowka and Wąworkow area. Against such a background an assumption may be put forward for consideration that analogous tectonic phenomena play important part on regional scale.
Narrating, Doing, Experiencing: Nordic Folk Perspectives

Reviewed Medium: book Year: 2007 Pages: 188 Publisher: Finnish Literature Society ISBN: 951-746-726-5 (soft cover). Prices: 29 Euros(soft cover).
Bilateral ceratohyoidectomy for the resolution of clinical signs associated with temporohyoid osteoarthropathy

Summary Temporohyoid osteoarthropathy (THO) is a progressive bilateral disease of unknown aetiology that most commonly affects adult horses. Irrespective of aetiology, THO frequently results in pain or fracture of the petrous temporal bone during normal movement of the tongue and larynx. In an effort to decrease pain and reduce the likelihood of petrous temporal bone fracture, partial stylohyoidectomy and ceratohyoidectomy have been developed. Serious complications have been reported following stylohyoidectomy and therefore the current recommendation is to perform unilateral ceratohyoidectomy. Benefits of ceratohyoidectomy include a lower risk of vascular and nerve damage and a reduced risk of clinical signs recurrence when compared with stylohyoidectomy. This report describes a case of THO in which clinical signs recurred approximately 2 years after unilateral ceratohyoidectomy was performed. Due to this complication, resection of the contralateral ceratohyoid bone was performed, which resulted in complete resolution of clinical signs. Although the clinical signs are frequently unilateral, the disease is most commonly a progressive bilateral condition and some horses may not have complete resolution of clinical signs when unilateral ceratohyoidectomy is performed. Therefore, if clinical signs persist after unilateral ceratohyoidectomy, a therapeutic consideration should include bilateral ceratohyoidectomy. This report suggests a favourable short-term prognosis for a horse treated with bilateral ceratohyoidectomy.
Metabolism, DNA Binding and Cytotoxicity of Aflatoxin B1 in Tracheal Explants from Syrian Hamster

Abstract Metabolism, DNA binding and cytopathological effects of aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ) were studied in isolated tracheal explants from Syrian golden hamster. Explants were exposed to 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 μM [ 14 C]AFB 1 in Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium for 24 h, then analyzed for AFB 1 -DNA binding and AFB 1 metabolism. Binding (pmol AFB 1 /mg DNA) was dose-related (16.3 ± 1.9 to 180.8 ± 16.1) and analysis of the culture medium revealed the metabolic conversion products aflatoxicol (AFL) and aflatoxin Q 1 (AFQ 1 ). Ultrastructural analysis of sections of tracheal epithelium revealed degenerative changes primarily in the non-ciliated epithelial cells. Autoradiographic analysis of the same treated explants, however, showed no discernible distribution of label with respect to either cell type or cell location, with the exception of increased grain densities overlying vacuoles containing dark droplets. In addition, S9 prepared from hamster trachea was shown to activate AFB 1 to mutagens detectable by Salmonella typhimurium TA 98, but was approximately 70 times less active on a per mg protein basis than was S9 prepared from hamster liver. These results demonstrate the metabolic capabilities of tracheal epithelial cells in the activation of AFB 1 , thus indicating that AFB 1 present in respiratory particles may be activated by pulmonary mixed-function oxidases, posing a hazard to those exposed.
POPULATION CYCLES OF THE DOUGLAS-FIR TUSSOCK MOTH (LEPIDOPTERA: LYMANTRIIDAE): THE TIME-DELAY HYPOTHESIS

A simple population model is used to test the hypothesis that Douglas-fir tussock moth population cycles are caused by time-delays in the responses of density-dependent (negative feedback) processes. The limited data that are available do not seriously conflict with this hypothesis.
Envelope tracking transmitter system analysis method

A general envelope tracking (ET) transmitter is described which utilizes both drive and drain modulation. We develop a simulation method useful for modeling the impact of component non-idealities on system performance, starting from hardware measurement data. An example analysis evaluates tradeoffs between ET system linearity, power amplifier efficiency, and envelope modulator requirements for a W-CDMA down-link transmitter.
Epidemiology of vancomycin-resistant enterococci with reduced susceptibility to daptomycin

A retrospective case-case control study was conducted, including 60 cases with daptomycin-nonsusceptible vancomycin-resistant enterococci (DNS-VRE) matched to cases with daptomycin-susceptible VRE and to uninfected controls (1∶1∶3 ratio). Immunosuppression, presence of comorbid conditions, and prior exposure to antimicrobials were independent predictors of DNS-VRE, although prior daptomycin exposure occurred rarely. In summary, a case-case control study identified independent risk factors for the isolation of DNS-VRE: immunosuppression, multiple comorbid conditions, and prior exposures to cephalosporines and metronidazole.
Viscosity of finite difference lattice Boltzmann models

Two-dimensional finite difference lattice Boltzmann models for single-component fluids are discussed and the corresponding macroscopic equations for mass and momentum conservation are derived by performing a Chapman-Enskog expansion. In order to recover the correct mass equation, characteristic-based finite difference schemes should be associated with the forward Euler scheme for the time derivative, while the space centered and second-order upwind schemes should be associated to second-order schemes for the time derivative. In the incompressible limit, the characteristic based schemes lead to spurious numerical contributions to the apparent value of the kinematic viscosity in addition to the physical value that enters the Navier-Stokes equation. Formulae for these spurious numerical viscosities are in agreement with results of simulations for the decay of shear waves.
TU-EE-A3-01: Breathing-Motion Induced Tomotherapy Dose Delivery Errors in the Presence of Beam Modulation

Purpose: To determine breathing‐motion induced Tomotherapy dose delivery errors in the presence of beam modulation. Method and Materials: Previous studies have shown that dose delivery errors are possible due to breathing motion. While these studies have systematically investigated the roles of field size, couch velocity, and breathing motion magnitude on the dose errors, they have neglected the role of intensity modulation. This study used measured breathing patterns and clinically realistic delivery parameters to simulate the breathing‐motion induced errors. Modulation was included by varying the simulated delivered dose on two timescales; the short timescale simulating the 51 angular subsets that subdivide the delivered fluence patterns. A step function was used that varied the leaves open and close time every 0.4 seconds, or every 7.0°, simulating a modulation factor of 2.0. Modulation was also conducted on a longer timescale corresponding to four beam intensity directions (two of high dose and two of low dose). The earlier studies using 52 patients' breathing patterns were repeated with the addition of fluence modulation. Results: The impact of breathing motion on Tomotherapy delivery results in delivery errors of greater than 10%, even for relatively small breathing motions. This is due to the subtle variation in the breathing patterns, including changes in breathing waveform and drifting. The addition of fluence modulation varied the delivered dose patterns slightly, but the magnitude of dose delivery errors was unchanged. Conclusion: These results indicate that previous simulations indicating the challenges of using Tomotherapy dose delivery due to breathing motion are valid in the presence of beam modulation. Treatment planners should take care when planning treatments for mobile tumors. This work supported in part by Tomotherapy.
Decentralized group key management for secure multicast communications

Multicast protocols provide mechanisms for a sender to send a message to multiple receivers simultaneously. When the multicast message is of a sensitive nature, it should be encrypted. This would require that all the members of the multicast group share the same encryption key. In this paper, we present a simple and scaleable method to create and distribute symmetric cryptographic keys amongst a group of communicating network users for multicast communications. The group symmetric keys permit each user to conveniently and securely communicate, share and access data belonging to the multicast group. Unlike current group key-management mechanisms, this scheme does not involve the use of a centralized key distribution center-only the group members generate and distribute group symmetric keys. Once a long-term group key has been established among a group of communicating peers, the scheme provides an easy way for any group member to send secure messages to all other group members without having to send the session key individually to each group member. Moreover, the scheme provides an option for allowing data traffic to be authenticated on a per-sender basis with sender-specific keys.
Illegal drug cultivation in Mexico: an examination of the environmental and human factors

Patterns of illicit narcotics cultivation are among the understudied topics. Some studies estimate the prevalence of illegal crops using imagery and remote sensing data. These studies rely heavily ...
Pulmonary Vascular Effects of Inhaled Carbon Monoxide on the Ovine Transitional Circulation

Pulmonary Vascular Effects of Inhaled Carbon Monoxide on the Ovine Transitional Circulation
Multiple Signals Converge on a Differentiation MAPK Pathway

An important emerging question in the area of signal transduction is how information from different pathways becomes integrated into a highly coordinated response. In budding yeast, multiple pathways regulate filamentous growth, a complex differentiation response that occurs under specific environmental conditions. To identify new aspects of filamentous growth regulation, we used a novel screening approach (called secretion profiling) that measures release of the extracellular domain of Msb2p, the signaling mucin which functions at the head of the filamentous growth (FG) MAPK pathway. Secretion profiling of complementary genomic collections showed that many of the pathways that regulate filamentous growth (RAS, RIM101, OPI1, and RTG) were also required for FG pathway activation. This regulation sensitized the FG pathway to multiple stimuli and synchronized it to the global signaling network. Several of the regulators were required for MSB2 expression, which identifies the MSB2 promoter as a target “hub” where multiple signals converge. Accessibility to the MSB2 promoter was further regulated by the histone deacetylase (HDAC) Rpd3p(L), which positively regulated FG pathway activity and filamentous growth. Our findings provide the first glimpse of a global regulatory hierarchy among the pathways that control filamentous growth. Systems-level integration of signaling circuitry is likely to coordinate other regulatory networks that control complex behaviors.
Congenital perilymphatic fistula and associated middle ear abnormalities.

To specifically determine the frequency and type of middle ear abnormalities associated with perilymphatic fistula (PLF), a retrospective chart review was performed of 94 patients (117 ears) who underwent exploratory tympanotomy for PLF from 1980 to 1989. Of these 94 patients, 60 (63.8%) had a PLF identified. Of the 117 ears explored, 80 (68.4%) had a PLF, and in 65 (81.3%) of these ears, a middle ear malformation was associated with the PLF. Of these 65 ears in which a congenital middle ear abnormality was observed, a malformed stapes was the most common abnormality seen (39 ears, 60%), followed by a deformed round window (20 ears, 30.8%), a deformed (11 ears, 16.9%), and a deformed promontory (2 ears, 3%)
The sacculus contraction/expansion model for gliding motility

Previously we found that the isolated sacculus of Escherichia coli could be expanded from its equilibrium surface area by lowering the pH. I had also shown theoretically that the chemiosmotic process would lower the pH by several units in the very near vicinity of the outside of the cytoplasmic membrane. Together these facts suggest a new model for gliding motility of Gram-negative micro-organisms. The model proposes that the volume enclosed by the sacculus of the gliding cells is normally enlarged either by an on-going respiratory process, by the photosynthetic generation of a protonmotive force, or by ATPase action. These energy-utilizing processes cause charge separation which results in the ejection of protons to the outside of the cytoplasmic membrane lowering the pH in the adjacent peptidoglycan sacculus, causing it to expand. It is postulated here that the gliding cell controls special shunts that allow protons to return freely to neutralize the excess negative charges remaining inside the cell. When these shunts are activated, a series of physical processes occur which result in the shrinkage of the regions where the special shunts are functional, and conversely, slight expansion where they are not. This expansion wedges the cell in the substratum; i.e. favors hydrogen bonds between the cell surface and the environmental surface of slime layers. When the shunts are turned off, the volume changes are reversed, and the cell inches forward. This could lead to movement on surfaces and could account for other properties associated with gliding motility. More generally, this could be the prokaryote's substitute for the mechanoenzymes, such as the actin, of the cells of higher organisms. It also could be the basis of other motions exhibited by prokaryotes, in particular it may account for the rotation of the flagellar motor.
Acute and delayed thermoregulatory response of mice exposed to brevetoxin

Abstract Thermal dysthesia, characterized by a painful sensation of warm and cool surfaces, is one of many ailments in humans exposed to various marine algal toxins such as brevetoxin (PbTx). There is no animal model to study thermal dysthesia and little is known of the mechanism of action. There is also little known on the acute and delayed thermoregulatory effects of PbTx. In this study, we developed a behavioral system to assess the possible development of thermal dysthesia in mice exposed to PbTx. Female mice were implanted with radiotransmitters to monitor core temperature ( T c ) and motor activity (MA). In one experiment, mice were dosed with the control vehicle or 180 μg/kg PbTx and placed on a floor temperature gradient to measure the selected foot temperature (SFT) while air temperature was kept constant. PbTx-treated mice underwent a 10°C reduction in SFT concomitant with a 3°C reduction in T c within 30 min after exposure. In another study, T c and MA were monitored in mice maintained in their home cages after dosing with 180 μg/kg PbTx. T c but not MA increased for 2–5 days after exposure. SFT was unaffected by PbTx when tested 1–12 days after exposure. However, PbTx-treated mice underwent an increase in T c when placed in the temperature gradient for up to 12 days after exposure. This suggests that PbTx augments the stress-induced hyperthermia from being placed in a novel environment. Overall, acute PbTx exposure leads to a regulated reduction in T c as characterized by a preference for cooler SFTs and a reduced T c . Thermal dysthesia was not apparent, but the exaggerated hyperthermic response with a normal SFT in the temperature gradient may suggest an altered processing of thermal stimuli in mice treated with PbTx.
Synthesis of N‐(piperidin‐1‐yl)‐5‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐1‐(2‐chlorophenyl)‐4‐[18F]fluoro‐1H‐pyrazole‐3‐carboxamide by nucleophilic [18F] fluorination: a PET radiotracer for studying CB1 cannabinoid receptors

The feasibility of nucleophilic displacement of bromide in the 4-bromopyrazole ring with [18F]fluoride has been demonstrated by the synthesis of two radiolabeled compounds: N-(piperidin-1-yl)-5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1-(2-chlorophenyl)-4-[18F]fluoro-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide, ([18F] NIDA-42033) 1b and 1-(2-chlorophenyl)-4-[18F]fluoro-5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid, ethyl ester 4. The radiochemical yields were in the range of 1–6%. [18F]NIDA-42033, a potential radiotracer for the study of CB1 cannabinoid receptors in the animal brain by positron emission tomography, has been synthesized in sufficient quantities with specific radioactivity greater than 2500 mCi/μmol and radiochemical purity >95%. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Framing the American Dream

Abstract Presenting a cultural history of the platform frame, this article explores its codification and commodification by the mid-twentieth century in relation to changing technology and to a shifting landscape of residential development. In addition to its promotion by government agencies, platform framing was complementary to the development of mass production and consumption in house construction. Rows of new houses can be seen in parallel with newly standardized and marketed lumber products like plywood. But pure commodification was tempered by appeals to the American dream of homeownership, partly propagated through myths about the nineteenth-century invention of the balloon frame.
Prey selectivity and feeding periodicity of logperch larvae in Acton Lake, Ohio

Prey selectivity and feeding periodicity were determined from 263 gut analyses performed on logperchPercina caprodes larvae collected from Acton Lake during 26 May to 24 June 1983. Prey were observed only in larvae >7.4 mm total length. Larvae fed almost entirely on cladocerans and cyclopoid copepods; nauplii were conspicuously absent from the diet. Piscivory was observed in 9 larvae. Larvae showed increasing preference for cladocerans throughout the study period and decreasing preference for copepods despite the fact that copepods were 5–10 times more abundant than cladocerans. These trends coincided with a six-fold increase in the abundance of the microcrustacean component of the zooplankton community. Although cladocerans are more easily captured than copepods, there appeared to be a threshold density for cladocerans that had to be attained before logperch larvae actively sought these forms as prey. Analyses made at 3 h intervals over a 24 h period indicated a feeding peak at 2100 h, with the fewest number of prey items observed in the guts of fish taken at 0600h.
Computer Memories: A Survey of the State-of-the-Art

Computer memory developments of the last decade, the present state, and efforts for improvements are surveyed. The following topics are included: principles of storage and selection of random-access memories; principles and engineering considerations of current-coincident-driven core memories; magnetic decoding and load-sharing switches; word-organized one-core and two-core-per-bit memories; fast and impulse switching; transfluxor memories; non-destructive read-out memories; ferrite apertured plates; twistors; fixed read-only memories; thin magnetic film memories-dots, sheets, coated wires and rods; present operational memories typically with capacities of 105 to 106 bits and read-write cycles of 2 to 15 Msec; likelihood of the order of 100-nsec read-write cycle times attainable with ferrite and thin film memories; consideration relating to large capacities; ferroelectric memories attempts; cryoelectric superconductive memories?principle, superconductive films, Crowe cells, continuous sheets, systems, and the outlook for large capacities; tunnel diode memories which promise a read-write cycle of the order of 10 nsec; and outlook for content addressable memories.
Equations-of-motion approach to a quantum theory of large-amplitude collective motion

Abstract The equations-of-motion approach to large-amplitude collective motion is implemented both for systems of coupled bosons, also studied in a previous paper, and for systems of coupled fermions. For the fermion case, the underlying formulation is that provided by the generalized Hartree-Fock approximation (or generalized density matrix method). To obtain results valid in the semi-classical limit, as in most previous work, we compute the Wigner transform of quantum matrices in the representation in which collective coordinates are diagonal and keep only the leading contributions. Higher-order contributions can be retained, however, and, in any case, there is no ambiguity of requantization. The semi-classical limit is seen to comprise the dynamics of time-dependent Hartree-Fock theory (TDHF) and a classical canonicity condition. By utilizing a well-known parametrization of the manifold of Slater determinants in terms of classical canonical variables, we are able to derive and understand the equations of the adiabatic limit in full parallelism with the boson case. As in the previous paper, we can thus show: (i) to zero and first order in the adiabatic limit the physics is contained in Villars' equations; (ii) to second order there is consistency and no new conditions. The structure of the solution space (discussed thoroughly in the previous paper) is summarized. A discussion of associated variational principles is given. A form of the theory equivalent to self-consistent cranking is described. A method of solution is illustrated by working out several elementary examples. The relationship to previous work, especially that of Zeievinsky and Marumori and coworkers is discussed briefly. Three appendices deal respectively with the equations-of-motion method, with useful properties of Slater determinants, and with some technical details associated with the fermion equations of motion.
An experimental study of shear localization in aluminum-copper single crystals

Localized plastic shearing was studied in single crystals of Al-2.8 wt% Cu single crystals aged to contain GP zones, θ′ and θ precipitates. For θ′ containing crystals, the onset of macroscopic shear localization corresponded to the attainment of a critically low value of the ratio of slip plane strainhardening rate, ft, to current tensile stress σ, (h/'σ)crit. The average value of (h/σ)crit was 0.032 in close agreement with our recent theoretical models. The bands were not aligned with the active slip systems in the crystal's matrix but were misaligned by several degrees. This misalignment is shown, theoretically and experimentally, to lead to ‘local geometrical softening’ in the bands. Crystals containing GP zones also developed macroscopically localized shear bands corresponding to the above critical conditions and with the same kinematical features, but macroscopic shearing was usually preceded by the formation of coarse bands of slip. These coarse slip bands were aligned with the active slip systems and we found that their beginnings could be correlated with a critically low value of the ratio of (h/G) ≈ 2 × 10−3, where G is the elastic shear modulus. Strainsoftening, i.e. h < 0, was not observed under any conditions, even after the shear bands had accumulated large amounts of shear strain.
Postpneumonectomy syndrome in a newborn after esophageal atresia repair

Introduction Postpneumonectomy syndrome (PPS) is an ominous complication, caused by mediastinal shift following massive lung resection.
Purification and characterization of mouse beta-2 microglobulin: Allelic variants from two different strains

Abstract Beta-2 microglobulin (β 2 M) is a 12,000 dalton protein associated with membrane-bound cell surface antigens. Variants of β 2 M, β 2 MA and β 2 MB, were first detected by Michaelson et al . ( Immuno- genetics 11 , 93–95, 1980). An improved method was used to purify β 2 MA and β 2 MB from BALB/c and C57BL/6 mouse livers, respectively. Reproducible yields of 10% were obtained. The purifications were accomplished by a 3 M sodium thiocyanate (NaSCN) extraction of a crude membrane fraction, an acid precipitation step, gel filtration on Sephadex G-75 and ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and CM-cellulose in that order. The elution profile of β 2 MA and β 2 MB on the ion-exchange columns was found to be different, indicating the presence of structural changes. β 2 MA was found to be more acidic (pI = 7.35) than β 2 MB (pI = 7.68) by isoelectric focusing in gels. Complete sequence analysis of β 2 MA and partial sequence analysis of β 2 MB (61 of 99 residues) were performed by automated Edman degradation of the intact chain and of the overlapping peptides obtained by: (a) tryptic cleavage at arginines after acetimidation of lysine side chains, (b) BNPS-skatole cleavage at trytophan residues and (c) hydroxylamine cleavage at asparagine-glycine linkages. A comparison of the primary structure of β 2 MA to the partial amino acid sequence obtained for β 2 MB revealed a single amino acid substitution (aspartic acid for alanine at position 85) that accounts for the differences in biochemical properties observed.
Physician Beliefs about Antiretroviral Adherence Communication

Adherence to antiretroviral regimens is thought to be imperative for HIV-positive patients. However, little is known about health care professionals' willingness to discuss adherence with patients, nor what barriers, if any, may impede their adherence communication. The aims of the study were to examine physicians' beliefs regarding: (1) the efficacy of adherence communication, (2) the barriers which impede such communication, and (3) their roles and responsibilities regarding adherence communication. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 physicians who specialize in providing care to HIV-positive patients. Results showed that most physicians believed that communicating with patients about adherence issues was important, even though doing so may not have an immediate impact on patients' behaviors. Physicians believed that adherence communication was a good use of their time and fell within their role as a primary care professional. However, time constraints were cited as a barrier to performin...
Computing Bayes Factors by Combining Simulation and Asymptotic Approximations

Abstract The Bayes factor is a ratio of two posterior normalizing constants, which may be difficult to compute. We compare several methods of estimating Bayes factors when it is possible to simulate observations from the posterior distributions, via Markov chain Monte Carlo or other techniques. The methods that we study are all easily applied without consideration of special features of the problem, provided that each posterior distribution is well behaved in the sense of having a single dominant mode. We consider a simulated version of Laplace's method, a simulated version of Bartlett correction, importance sampling, and a reciprocal importance sampling technique. We also introduce local volume corrections for each of these. In addition, we apply the bridge sampling method of Meng and Wong. We find that a simulated version of Laplace's method, with local volume correction, furnishes an accurate approximation that is especially useful when likelihood function evaluations are costly. A simple bridge sampli...
Extended follow-up of total inferior turbinate resection for relief of chronic nasal obstruction

Total inferior turbinectomy has been proposed as a treatment for chronic nasal airway obstruction refractory to other, more conservative, methods of treatment. Traditionally, it has been criticized because of its adverse effects on nasophysiology. In this study, patients who had previously undergone total inferior turbinectomy were evaluated with the use of an extensive questionnaire. It confirms that total inferior turbinectomy carries significant morbidity and should be condemned.
Kinetic and mechanistic studies of the reactions of transition metal-activated oxygen with inorganic substrates

Abstract The intermediates generated in the process of oxygen activation at metal centers participate in hydrogen and oxygen atom transfer, electron transfer, substitution, acid–base chemistry, and free radical chemistry. The reactivity and intrinsic lifetimes of such intermediates in aqueous solutions are a strong function of pH as the metal–oxygen interaction adds an extra dimension to the already complex pH dependence of O 2 reduction. Acid–base chemistry at “nonparticipating” ligands plays a major role in the kinetics and mechanisms, and can even determine the outcome of some reactions. Superoxometal complexes are subject to homolytic metal–oxygen bond cleavage in acidic solutions, but decompose by heterolysis at higher pH. Reactions of halides by hydroperoxo and peroxo complexes proceed through two major channels – oxidation of halide ions, and catalysis of H 2 O 2 disproportionation – in close resemblance to enzymes haloperoxidases. The combination of the thermodynamics of electron transfer and protonation equilibria make transition metal hydroperoxo complexes both better oxidants and better reductants than the parent H 2 O 2 in 2-electron reactions.
Incremental fuzzy clustering with multiple kernels

This paper presents two incremental clustering algorithms based on FCMK, a fuzzy clustering with multiple kernels algorithm we developed earlier [1]. The FCMK algorithm has a memory requirement of O(N2), where N is the number of objects in the data set. Thus, even data sets that have nearly 1, 000, 000 objects require terabytes of working memory-impractical for most computers. One way to attack this problem is by using incremental algorithms; these algorithms sequentially process chunks or samples of the data, combining the results from each chunk. The proposed incremental algorithms neither use any complicated data structure nor any complicated data compression techniques, yet produce data partitions comparable to FCMK. We assess the performance of our incremental algorithms by, first, comparing their clustering results to that of the FCMK and, second, by showing that these algorithms can produce reasonable partitions of large data sets.
Impacts On Farmers of a Computerized Management Decision-Making Model

A number of states are currently developing comprehensive programs for making computerized decision aids available to farmers (Harsh; Infanger, Robbins, Debertin; LaDue; Schoonaert; Walker). While Cernea and Tepping have outlined procedures for a general evaluation of agricultural extension projects, only a few efforts have been conducted with a corresponding research effort aimed at quantifying the impacts of computerized decision models on farmer behavior. (Erickson; Erickson, Sandborg, Byers; Knoblauch). This paper summarizes results from a pilot research project designed to provide measurements of changes in farmer behavior as the result of being exposed to a computerized planning model in extension. This study is an attempt to determine the specific management decisions that the farmers intended to make as a result of having been exposed to the planning model. A follow-up effort one year later identified managerial decisions that actually had been implemented as a result of exposure to the planning model a year earlier. Hence, both farmers' intentions and realizations were measured in this
Hereditary thrombophilia as a cause of fetal loss

Abstract Objective: Hypercoagulability, leading to uteroplacental thrombosis, has been implicated in pregnancy loss. Recently, three genetic mutations causing hypercoagulability have been described: Factor V Leiden, Prothrombin 20210A, and Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase A223V. The purpose of this study is to determine the risk of these mutations in women with a history of pregnancy loss versus a control population with no antecedent fetal loss. Methods: A prospective cohort study compared 67 women 20–46 years of age with a history of 1–11 first-trimester pregnancy losses and 43 females in the control group 22–73 years of age with 1–5 successful pregnancies and no history of first-trimester pregnancy loss. Two-by-two table analyses with relative risk and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Results: The mutations of Factor V Leiden and Prothrombin 20210A were not found to be statistically different between the study group and control group. The chance of the Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase A223V mutation was statistically higher in the subject group with a relative risk of 2.4 (C.I. 1.45–4.00). Both the homozygous and heterozygous mutations were higher in the study group versus the control group. Conclusions: The presence of Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase mutation is higher in women with a history of first-trimester pregnancy losses as compared with the control population with no history of first-trimester loss. This was not seen with mutations of Factor V Leiden or Prothrombin 20210A. Further studies must be performed to determine the presence of these mutations in women with recurrent pregnancy losses. Other known risk factors including antiphospholipid syndrome and other hypercoagulable conditions also should be concurrently analyzed. A confounding or possible synergistic effect between multiple conditions may exist in women with recurrent losses.
Differences in β-adrenergic receptor densities in omental and subcutaneous adipose tissue from obese African American and Caucasian women

African American women lose less weight and at a slower rate than Caucasian women under the same weight loss conditions. This is likely due to decreased mobilization of fat, possibly involving differences in the responsiveness of adipose tissue to adrenergic stimulation. To better understand the causes behind the decreased lipolysis in African American women, this study was initiated to determine if there were differences in the numbers and affinities of beta adrenoreceptors in omental and subcutaneous adipose tissue of obese African American and Caucasian women. We determined the number of beta receptors using a nonselective antagonist and found the total number of receptors in both omental and subcutaneous adipose tissue preparations were higher in African American than Caucasian women. beta(1)(,) beta(2), and beta(3) densities were higher in omental adipose tissue (P <.05), but not different in the subcutaneous tissue of the African American women. No racial differences in kd values for adrenergic agents (agonists and antagonists) were found with regard to beta(1), beta(2), or beta(3) receptors in either the omental or the subcutaneous preparations. beta(1) and beta(2) receptor protein (mass) was significantly increased in African American omental tissue preparations, but not subcutaneous. Our in vitro data demonstrating increased beta receptor numbers in omental tissue from obese African Americans suggest that the potential for lipolysis would be higher in these women. Future studies should determine the biologic significance of the differences in the beta adrenergic receptors in vivo.
Salivary measurement of episodic progesterone release.

Episodes of luteal progesterone release which have been identified from serum samples can also be observed in saliva. Components of these release episodes—amplitude, duration, and frequency—can be separated and characterized. In a sample of 16 cycle days collected from 6 normal women, pulse duration and frequency increased significantly from the early to the mid-luteal phase, and then decreased by the late luteal phase (2–4 days before menses). Pulse amplitude also increased early to mid-luteal, but continued to increase significantly into the late luteal, and did not decline until the peri-menstrual phase (0–1 days before menses). Circadian variation, previously considered unimportant for progesterone, was also observed in late luteal samples. Extension of studies of ultradian release characateristics to groups known to vary from controls in broad-scale progesterone patterns, such as young, nutritionally stressed, or exercising women, should help to elucidate the potential functional significance of fine-grained release components. Such knowledge can also inform protocols of anthropoloical studies which seek to identify broad progesterone patterns or to classify and compare reproductive status.
Baseball And Billions: A Probing Look Inside The Big Business Of Our National Pastime

With updated financial data throughout, this book exposes baseball's secret financial statistics. A postscript chapter presents recent events such as the dismissal of Fay Vincent as baseball's commissioner, the multimillion-dollar suit over decisions by the Seattle Mariners and San Francisco, a joint economic study report by the players and owners and the House and Senate hearing on Baseball's exemption from antitrust laws.
Application of the 1998 Version of the Aeroprediction Code

The U.S. Naval SurfaceWarfare Center aeroprediction code has been extended to the roll position of 45 deg ( ns in “ £ ” or cross-roll orientation) in addition to the roll position of 0 deg ( ns in “ ” or plus-roll orientation). It has also been extended to compute aerodynamics of nonaxisymmetricbodies based on an equivalent axisymmetric body. In addition, the nonlinear aerodynamic loads have been distributed over the body and lifting surfaces to provideamoreuseful tool forpreliminary structural analysis.Finally,new technologywas developed to improvethe predictionof axialforceat angleof attack.These new technologieshavebeen integrated into the1995Aeroprediction Code (AP95) and will be transitioned to legitimate users as the 1998 Aeroprediction Code (AP98). To make the AP98 more user friendly, an upgraded preand postprocessing, personal-computer interface was also developed. The theoretical methods of the AP98 are summarized, and a sample is shown of the comparisons of the AP98 predictions of static aerodynamics for several missile con gurations to experimental data. Comparisons of theory andexperiment show that theAP98,on average, is at least as goodas theAP95and, in general,maybe slightlybetter.
External memory algorithms and data structures: dealing with massive data

Data sets in large applications are often too massive to fit completely inside the computers internal memory. The resulting input/output communication (or I/O) between fast internal memory and slower external memory (such as disks) can be a major performance bottleneck. In this article we survey the state of the art in the design and analysis of external memory (or EM) algorithms and data structures, where the goal is to exploit locality in order to reduce the I/O costs. We consider a variety of EM paradigms for solving batched and online problems efficiently in external memory. For the batched problem of sorting and related problems such as permuting and fast Fourier transform, the key paradigms include distribution and merging. The paradigm of disk striping offers an elegant way to use multiple disks in parallel. For sorting, however, disk striping can be nonoptimal with respect to I/O, so to gain further improvements we discuss distribution and merging techniques for using the disks independently. We also consider useful techniques for batched EM problems involving matrices (such as matrix multiplication and transposition), geometric data (such as finding intersections and constructing convex hulls), and graphs (such as list ranking, connected components, topological sorting, and shortest paths). In the online domain, canonical EM applications include dictionary lookup and range searching. The two important classes of indexed data structures are based upon extendible hashing and B-trees. The paradigms of filtering and bootstrapping provide a convenient means in online data structures to make effective use of the data accessed from disk. We also reexamine some of the above EM problems in slightly different settings, such as when the data items are moving, when the data items are variable-length (e.g., text strings), or when the allocated amount of internal memory can change dynamically. Programming tools and environments are available for simplifying the EM programming task. During the course of the survey, we report on some experiments in the domain of spatial databases using the TPIE system (transparent parallel I/O programming environment). The newly developed EM algorithms and data structures that incorporate the paradigms we discuss are significantly faster than methods currently used in practice.
Some long‐run properties of geophysical records

By preparing this book Chris Barton and Paul La Pointe have earned the gratitude of all geologists and students of fractals. I continue to belong to this second group, and Chris and Paul clearly have put me in a very special debt to them.
Clinical Staging of COPD

The traditional means to divide COPD patients into groups or stages are based on the FEV1. This does make sense as nobody would question that – all other things being equal – a person with a worse FEV1 is worse off than a person with a better FEV1. The problem is that all other things are never equal. FEV1 is an essential element in making a diagnosis of COPD. Serial determinations of FEV1 are very helpful in detecting important changes of condition in individuals. Yet, despite the value of FEV1, it is only a rough predictor of clinical course.
Thermophysical properties of stainless steels

Abstract Experimental data available for the thermophysical properties of stainless steels have been searched, compiled, critically evaluated, analyzed, and correlated. Particular attention was given to material characteristics such as alloy composition, microstructure, and conditioning treatments. Thermal conductivity and electrical resistivity at low temperatures, and in some cases above room temperature, are comparatively more sensitive to these material differences. Properties for which data evaluation has been done include thermal conductivity, heat capacity, thermal linear expansion, thermal diffiisivity, thermoradiative properties, electrical resistivity, and magnetic susceptibility, and, in a few cases, thermoelectric power, viscosity, and optical constants. Generally, sufficient data are available for the generation of evaluated data (recommended values) for elevated temperatures, and in many cases for low temperatures also. Stainless steels covered include the more common austenitic, ferritic, martensitic, and precipitation-hardened types. In all, more than 40 stainless steels are included in this effort.
Polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism in neuroblastoma cells in culture.

— Neuroblastoma cell cultures took up linoleic and linolenic acids at approximately equal rates, and incorporated them into a variety of lipid fractions, principally cellular phospholipids. Linoleic acid was preferentially incorporated into choline phosphoglycerides, while most of the radioactivity derived from linolenic acid entered ethanolamine phosphoglycerides. There was no evidence for direct transfer of fatty acids between these two phosphoglyceride fractions. When, after the addition of cytosine arabinoside, cell division was arrested, the entry of labelled fatty acids into ethanolamine and serine phosphoglycerides was reduced, suggesting that these lipids are involved in the formation of new cell membranes. In the ethanolamine phosphoglyceride fraction, phosphatidal ethanolamine (plasmalogen) was the principal acceptor for the higher polyunsaturated fatty acids of the φ 3 series. The ratio of labelled fatty acids entering ethanolamine plasmalogens to that entering ethanolamine phosphoglycerides increased following the addition of cytosine arabinoside, suggesting plasmalogens to be involved in formation of cell processes. The first step in the metabolism of both linoleic and linolenic acid was the addition of a two-carbon unit. Conversion of linoleic acid to higher polyunsaturated fatty acids was slower than the conversion of linolenic acid to its higher analogues. This contrasted with the behaviour of dissociated cultures of normal brain cells which were able to form higher analogues of linoleic and linolenic acids at nearly equal rates.
t-quark mass in a super-unified theory

We predict the t-quark mass (≈14GeV) and all real mixing angles in an o(10) unified model of weak, electromagnetic and strong interactions, with six quarks. The form of the mass-matrices obtained suggests a perturbative origin for the light
Some psychologic problems seen in surgery

Surgery, an everyday occurrence for us, is a unique and dramatic event in a patient’s life. Although an operation almost always feels like a hazardous enterprise, the patient is usually reluctant to share his anxieties with his doctor, fearing that his nervousness could be interpreted as a lack of confidence in the surgeon’s skill. We should remember that the term minor surgery is a technical surgical term. To most patients, surgery is only minor if done to someone else. As a liaison psychiatrist and member of a surgical department for 40 years, I have had the opportunity to speak with thousands of patients before and after operations, listening to their concerns about their experiences. I will-outline some common problems that I believe should be recognized by my surgical colleagues. Most of the references in this paper are rather old. But psychologic reactions of patients have not changed pari passu along with the tremendous advances in surgical techniques and procedures. Recent articles have rarely dealt with these emotional issues.