cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Speculative Parallelization in Decoupled Look-ahead

While a canonical out-of-order engine can effectively exploit implicit parallelism in sequential programs, its effectiveness is often hindered by instruction and data supply imperfections manifested as branch mispredictions and cache misses. Accurate and deep look-ahead guided by a slice of the executed program is a simple yet effective approach to mitigate the performance impact of branch mispredictions and cache misses. Unfortunately, program slice-guided look ahead is often limited by the speed of the look-ahead code slice, especially for irregular programs. In this paper, we attempt to speed up the look-ahead agent using speculative parallelization, which is especially suited for the task. First, slicing for look-ahead tends to reduce important data dependences that prohibit successful speculative parallelization. Second, the task for look-ahead is not correctness critical and thus naturally tolerates dependence violations. This enables an implementation to forgo violation detection altogether, simplifying architectural support tremendously. In a straightforward implementation, incorporating speculative parallelization to the look-ahead agent further improves system performance by up to 1.39x with an average of 1.13x.
Comparison of theory with experiment for the bow shock ultraviolet rocket flight

Comparison is made between the results obtained from a state-of-the-art thermochemical nonequilibrium flowfield and radiation code and data obtained from a recent experiment. The experiment obtained the first measurements of ultraviolet radiation from the shock-heated gas in the nose region of a 0.1016-m nose radius vehicle traveling at about 3.5 km/s at altitudes between 37-75 km. The preflight computations agree at low altitudes but underpredict the data at high altitudes. Postflight flowfield and radiation sensitivity studies suggest improvements for the models at high altitudes. Specifically, excitation mechanisms that contribute to production of NO gamma-band emission need to be revised. Altitude dependence of the radiation observed from the OH radical can be understood in terms of nonequilibrium chemistry in the flow.
Phosphorus in the burnt gas from fuel-rich hydrogenoxygen flames

Abstract Green bands, attributed to HPO by Lam Thanh My and Peyron, are emitted from the burnt gas of fuel-rich flames containing a trace of trimethyl phosphate, but not from lean flames. Their intensity is proportional to [ phosphorus ]0·1±0·1 [ H ] 2 [ H 2 O ]0·5±0·5 [ H 2 ]0·1±0·5 exp {− (5±5) κcal/RT} where [phosphorus] represents the addition of trimethyl phosphate. The dependence on [H]2 is good to the nearest integral power. The uncertainty by the factor { [H 2 O] [H 2 ] } 0·5 reflects the small change in this quantity in most of the experiments. An interpretation is offered which is consistent with the identification of the emitter as HPO: that the flame intensity is proportional to [H] [PO], and that the phosphorus is present mostly as P2 molecules which are equilibrated according to: P +O-= P + PO P + OH = PO + H The flame result can also be interpreted by an intensity proportional to [H] [P] with the same equilibria among P2, PO and P. On either interpretation, the phosphorus must be considered to be mainly present as P2 molecules.
Providencia stuartii: A Common Cause of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteriuria in Patients with Long-Term Indwelling Catheters

The long-term-catheterized urinary tract may offer a particular niche to Providencia stuartii, which is otherwise an uncommon clinical isolate. Published accounts of bacteriuria in patients catheterized for long periods indicate that P. stuartii has often been found as frequently as familiar uropathogens such as Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, enterococcus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. As in most nosocomial infections, the frequency of isolation of a given species has commonly differed among institutions. In the future P. stuartii may be more frequently encountered as a nosocomial pathogen in nursing homes and in acute care hospitals to which bacteriuric patients are transferred. This trend appears likely because of the increasingly large nursing-home population, the predilection of the bacterium for the long-term-catheterized urinary tract, the opportunity for nosocomial transmission from this reservoir, the resistance of the organism to multiple antibiotics, and the occasional systemic illness and bacteremia caused by P. stuartii.
Language, Space and Power: A Critical Look at Bilingual Education by HADI–TABASSUM, SAMINA

The article reviews the book "Language, Space and Power: A Critical Look at Bilingual Education," by Samina Hadi-Tabassum.
The Influence of Mind Mapping on Eighth Graders’ Science Achievement

This study assessed the influence of using mind maps as a learning tool on eighth graders’ science achievement, whether such influence was mediated by students’ prior scholastic achievement, and the relationship between students’ mind maps and their conceptual understandings. Sixty-two students enrolled in four intact sections of a grade 8 science classroom were randomly assigned to experimental and comparison conditions. Participants in the experimental group received training in, and constructed, mind maps throughout a science unit. Engagement with mind mapping was counterbalanced with involving the comparison group participants with note summarization to control for time on task as a confounding variable. Otherwise, the intervention was similar for both groups in all respects. A multiple choice test was used to measure student gains across two categories and three levels of achievement. Data analyses indicated that the experimental group participants achieved statistically significant and substantially higher gains than students in the comparison group. The gains were not mediated by participants’ prior scholastic achievement. Analyses also indicated that iconography was not as central to participants’ mind maps as often theorized. Depicting accurate links between central themes and major and minor concepts, and using colors to represent concepts were the major aspects that differentiated the mind maps built by students who achieved higher levels of conceptual understanding.
Doppler evaluation of central venous lines in the superior vena cava.

Thrombus formation in the superior vena cava (SVC) complicates the use of central venous catheters. Visualizing the thrombus by two-dimensional echocardiography is often difficult. Flow in the SVC can be recorded by using color flow Doppler examinations. Hence SVC flow was evaluated by color flow Doppler in 12 patients before and within 48 hours of central venous catheters. Five patients with catheters in their SVCs, with suspected thrombus or obstruction to the SVC, were also studied. The SVC flow in the subjects before catheter placement was characterized by two distinct peaks, respiratory variability, and maximal velocities between 0.5 and 1.5 m/sec; these were unchanged by the catheters. The five patients with thrombus or obstruction had turbulent flow, loss of a distinct Diphasic profile, and increased velocity downstream to the thrombus and decreased velocity upstream. It appears that Doppler study is a worthwhile adjunct to two-dimensional echocardiography in the evaluation of catheter-related thrombus, and that an altered SVC flow profile with increased velocity suggests thrombus formation or obstruction or both.
Alterations in brain and pituitary β-endorphin content in genetically epilepsy-prone rats

Abstract We measured β -endorphin concentrations in the anterior and neurointermediate lobes of the pituitary gland and in microdissected brain regions of moderate-seizure genetically epilepsy-prone rats (GEPR-3), severe-seizure GEPR-9s and Sprague–Dawley non-epileptic control rats. Plasma concentrations of β -endorphin and α -melanocyte-stimulating hormone ( α -MSH) were also measured as indicators of pituitary POMC-peptide secretion. Concentrations of β -endorphin in the anterior lobe of GEPR-3s were 53% higher compared to controls and 57% higher compared to GEPR-9s. There were no differences in neurointermediate lobe β -endorphin concentrations between control and either GEPR strain. Plasma β -endorphin concentrations were significantly lower in GEPR-9s than controls. Plasma levels of α -MSH did not differ between control and GEPRs. In the hypothalamus of GEPR-9s β -endorphin concentrations in the arcuate nucleus were significantly greater than in GEPR-3s. Concentrations of β -endorphin in the central amygdala of GEPR-9s were two- to threefold greater than in control or GEPR-3s. β -Endorphin concentrations in the central gray of GEPR-3s were 58% lower than control or GEPR-9s. These data suggest that anterior lobe β -endorphin secretion is reduced in GEPR-9s. Furthermore, brain endorphinergic pathways appear to be differentially altered in GEPR-3s and GEPR-9s. Alterations in pituitary β -endorphin secretion and brain endorphinergic systems may contribute to seizure susceptibility in GEPRs and to differences in seizure severity between GEPR-3s and GEPR-9s.
Likableness, familiarity, and frequency of 844 person-descriptive words

Abstract This article describes the likableness, familiarity, and frequency of 844 person-descriptive words and compares these characteristics to those of shorter lists established by Anderson (1968) and (1984) [Anderson, N. H. (1968). Likableness ratings of 555 personality-trait words. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 9, 272–279; Myers, J. F. (1984). Schematic processing and self-reference during contiguous periods of clinical depression and symptomatic remission. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Calgary, Alberta: The University of Calgary]. Results show that the list offers reliable ratings of likableness and familiarity that are in keeping with those of these earlier lists. In addition, the list offers a direct comparison with the ratings of these earlier lists, as well as data on the frequency of each word in American English on the basis of two independent sources. We anticipate that this list will prove useful to researchers needing rapid access to ratings of likableness, familiarity, and frequency of person-descriptive words.
The triage method: screening alternatives over time with multiobjective decision analysis

We present the triage method for screening decision alternatives. Screening reduces a decision maker’s time and effort because it removes poor alternatives from unnecessary vetting. We consider the case when alternatives arrive at different times in batch sizes. Alternatives may also ‘expire’, requiring a decision to be made quickly. A triage function uses a value model to partition incoming alternatives into one of three sets: transferred, rejected, or pending. Pending alternatives are cycled back through the process and are reevaluated against a changing cutoff value. Interval parameters account for uncertainty and disagreements between multiple decision makers. Overall, the triage method provides a dynamic, continuous evaluation of potential alternatives with results that are easily defended and communicated. We illustrate a wartime application of the triage method on proposals seeking funding to defeat improvised explosive devices, the main killer of coalition forces and civilians in Iraq and Afghanistan.
High speed thermometry using two-line atomic fluorescence

Two-line atomic fluorescence (TLAF) is shown to be an accurate high-speed method of measuring spatially-resolved gas temperatures. Continuous-wave dye lasers are used to measure gas temperatures, with data acquisition rates of 5 kHz. Calculations are discussed which show that data rates up to 10 kHz are possible without significant increase in error. Near real time temperatures are obtained using a computer to perform the one-equation calculation. The standard deviation of the TLAF temperature measurements is found to be significantly less than that of temperatures measured with Rayleight scattering. TLAF temperatures are shown to closely follow thermocouple readings across a temperature range from 1700 to 2000 K in a steady laminar diffusion flame, and the extension of the technique to temperatures as low as 500 K is discussed. TLAF measurements in a turbulent flow field are reported which show a standard deviation of 125 K as compared to a nonturbulent level of 75 K.
Biochemical and growth-modulatory effects of the new S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase inhibitor CGP 48664 in malignant and immortalized normal human breast epithelial cells in culture

CGP 48664 [4-aminoindanon-1-(2′-amidino)hydrazone dihydrochloride monohydrate] is a newly introduced inhibitor of S-adenosyltnethionine decarboxylase (SAMDC) with increased selectivity of action and reduced toxichy. We analyzed the biochemical and antiproliferative effects of this compound in a panel of hormone-dependent (3 clones of MCF-7, T47D) and -independent (MDA-MB-231, BT-20) human breast cancer cell lines in culture. For comparison, we also tested its effects in the spontaneously immortalized human breast epithelial cell line MCF-10A. All cell lines were highly sensitive to the growth-inhibitory effect of CGP 48664 with an IC50 between 0.1 and 0.5 μM. A dose-dependent bell-shaped increase in SAMDC was observed in normal and malignant breast cells resulting from enzyme stabilization by the inhibitor as supported by Western blot analysis. While omithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity consistently increased, the effect of CGP 48664 on spermidine J. spermine N′acetyltransferase (SSAT) was variable in the breast cancer cell lines. In contrast, the inhibitor consistently reduced SSAT activity level in the MCF-10A cell line and its derivative partially transformed by a mutated ras oncogene. As expected, cellular putrescine levels were markedly increased by CGP 48664 administration, whereas spermidine and spermine contents were reduced. However, the degree of reduction was usually only moderate. Furthermore, exogenous polyamine administration was relatively ineffective in rescuing the antiproliferative effect of CGP 48664 in MCF-7 cells, while exerting a more complete rescue in the MDA-MB-231 cell line. We conclude that CGP 48664 exerts a potent growth-inhibitory effect on mammary cells in culture. However, its action may not always be entirely mediated through the polyamine pathway. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
High-performance liquid chromatographic method for the direct quantitation of oxy radicals in myocardium and blood by means of 1,3-dimethylthiourea and dimethyl sulfoxide.

A direct, sensitive (50-200 ng), simple and specific high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method is described for the quantitation of oxy radicals by means of the consumption of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) by the hydroxy radical and dimethylthiourea (DMTU) by hydrogen peroxide. The specific scavengers catalase and L-methionine were used to quantitate hydrogen peroxide and OH, respectively. The DMSO and DMTU peaks were separated and identified by HPLC on a Waters C18 Resolve 10-microns Radial-Pak column with an isocratic mobile phase (5% aqueous methanol) at 2 ml/min with UV detection (DMSO, 214 nm; DMTU, 240 nm). The OH concentrations were extrapolated by a luminol chemiluminescence technique. A linear relationship was obtained for DMTU consumption by hydrogen peroxide in the range 0.25-0.40 mM with a coefficient of variation (C.V.) of 8.8 +/- 2.1% and for DMSO consumption by hydroxy radicals in the range 0.1-3.2 microM OH, with a C.V. of 9.6 +/- 3.6%. The limits of detection for this method were 50 ng of hydrogen peroxide for DMTU and 200 ng of OH for DMSO. Hydrogen peroxide averaged 10.5 +/- 3.6 nmol/ml in blood and 56.4 +/- 5.3 mumol/g wet weight in left ventricular (LV) tissue. The hydroxy radical concentration was 0.1 microM in blood and 0.3 microM in LV tissue.
Nanobiosensors: the future for diagnosis of disease?

Nanotechnology is having a profound impact on the development of a new class of biosensors known as nanobiosensors. Nanobiosensors commonly comprise a biological recognition molecule immobilized onto the surface of a signal transducer. The reaction between the biorecognition molecule and the analyte is a heterogeneous reaction and therefore the design of the biosensing interface is important in determining the performance of the nanobiosensor. Nanobiosensors are being widely used for molecular detection of biomarkers associated with diagnosis of disease. The application of new nanomaterials in biosensing has influenced bio - sensing research. The use of high surface area nanomaterials has been important in producing nanobiosensors with greater sensitivity and shorter response times. This review summarizes the advances in disease diagnostics, primarily through the detection of molecular biomarkers,
Injection Molding Nanoscale Features with the Aid of Induction Heating

During injection molding of micron or submicron scale features, incomplete filling frequently occurs, resulting from premature freezing of the polymer melt in contact with a cold mold. In order to overcome the filling difficulty without increasing the total cycle time, the mold surface temperature was raised rapidly by induction heating. A prototype mold insert with cooling channels was fabricated and integrated with a nickel stamp having nanoscale-grating structures. The nickel stamp surface was successfully heated from 25 to 258°C in 2.7 sec. Four different mold surface temperatures, 100, 150, 200 and 250°C, were tested to determine if the nanograting structures can be replicated with an optical quality cyclic olefin copolymer. Experimental results indicate that the nanocavities were successfully filled when the surface temperature reached 250°C, but mold release caused drag damages on the nanogratings. Further, coupled thermoelectromagnetic analyses were carried out to simulate the induction heating pr...
The roles of DNA methylation of NR3C1 and 11β-HSD2 and exposure to maternal mood disorder in utero on newborn neurobehavior

Exposure to maternal mood disorder in utero may program infant neurobehavior via DNA methylation of the glucocorticoid receptor (NR3C1) and 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11β-HSD-2), two placental genes that have been implicated in perturbations of the hypothalamic pituitary adrenocortical (HPA) axis. We tested the relations among prenatal exposure to maternal depression or anxiety, methylation of exon 1F of NR3C1 and 11β-HSD-2, and newborn neurobehavior. Controlling for relevant covariates, infants whose mothers reported depression during pregnancy and showed greater methylation of placental NR3C1 CpG2 had poorer self-regulation, more hypotonia, and more lethargy than infants whose mothers did not report depression. On the other hand, infants whose mothers reported anxiety during pregnancy and showed greater methylation of placental 11β-HSD-2 CpG4 were more hypotonic compared with infants of mothers who did not report anxiety during pregnancy. Our results support the fetal programming hypothesi...
The Effect of Sodium Restriction and Prostaglandin Inhibition on the Renin-Angiotensin System in Man

To investigate the possible interrelationship between the renin-angiotensin and prostaglandin systems, two groups of normal men were evaluated under conditions of varied sodium intake and after indomethacin, an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis. Eight subjects were placed on a 200 mEq Na diet and given 45 min infusions of prostaglandin A, (PGA1) at 0.075 μg/kg/min and angiotensin II at 10 ng/kg/min on separate mornings. PGA1 produced a significant rise in both plasma renin activity (PRA) and aldosterone. Angiotensin II caused a similar rise in aldosterone. The patients were then placed on a 10– 20 mEq Na diet and the infusions repeated. PGA1 again induced a further increase in both PRA and aldosterone. Angiotensin II produced the expected increase in aldosterone while PRA decreased. Body weight and 24 h sodium excretion were not different from control days on either diet. When indomethacin was administered to patients on the low sodium diet, PRA fell significantly and there was an increased pressor res...
SHEAR STRENGTH MODEL FOR LIGHTLY REINFORCED CONCRETE COLUMNS

Parameters affecting the shear strength of reinforced concrete columns having a rectangular cross section and light transverse reinforcement are investigated using data from numerous column tests. A new model is proposed to predict the column shear strength based on theoretical formulations and experimental evidence. The proposed shear strength equation includes contributions from the concrete and transverse reinforcement. Primary parameters in the shear strength model are the column cross-sectional dimensions, concrete compressive strength, column aspect ratio, axial load, and displacement ductility demand. The proposed model is compared with other shear strength models using the available column test data and is shown to result in improved accuracy. A conservative shear strength model for use in design and assessment is proposed based on statistical evaluation of computed and actual shear strengths.
Large Adjustable Speed Fan Drives Including Static Converter Developments for Cement Plants

The continuing need for more efficient and productive process units has caused the cement industry to seriously consider larger better performing fan drives. Fans now being used in studies range up to 3500 hp, and an 1800-hp dc fan drive is on order. With the increased horsepower requirements and higher power rates, operating costs need to be carefully evaluated in the drive selection. In addition, drive performance characteristics are important. Fan characteristics and the different methods of obtaining adjustable flow are reviewed. The efficiency advantage of all-electric type speed control is emphasized, but other aspects and other drives are covered.
Increased specificity of plasma glucagon radioimmunoassay by use of acetone extraction

The specificity of glucagon determinations with two pancreatic-type glucagon antisera has been determined by means of gel permeation chromatography before and after treatment of human plasma with acetone and ethanol. Acetone precipitates the interfering high molecular mass substances apparent in the void volume and cross-reacting precursor fragments, while pancreatic glucagon is extracted to slightly more than 50%. Hence, acetone treatment is suggested as a suitable means of obtaining specific glucagon results in single samples. Ethanol also precipitates the high molecular mass substances, but partly extracts the precursor fragments in addition to the glucagon. Ethanol treatment is therefore suggested for chemical diagnosis of the glucagonoma syndrome in which the tumor often produces precursor fragments.
Constructing Solutions of the mKdV-Equation

Abstract Using commutation methods (i.e., N = 1 supersymmetry) underlying Miura's transformation, an explicit construction of solutions of the modified Korteweg-de Vries equation, given a solution of the (ordinary) Korteweg-de Vries equation, is provided.
Two long-lasting central respiratory responses following acute hypoxia in glomectomized cats.

1. Central respiratory response to acute (10 min) hypoxia, as measured by phrenic nerve activity, was determined in peripheral chemo-denervated cats. 2. Hypoxia was induced by ventilating cats for 10 min at reduced inspired oxygen levels (inspired O2 fraction, FI,O2 = 0.06-0.15). The degree of hypoxaemia was determined from an arterial blood sample and ranged from 'severe' (arterial O2 pressure, Pa,O2 less than 26 Torr) to 'mild' (Pa,O2 greater than 35 Torr). The respiratory response was monitored for 1 h following return to ventilation with 100% oxygen. 3. The results confirmed the finding of prolonged (greater than 60 min) inhibition of respiration upon return to hyperoxic conditions following severe hypoxia, as reported previously (Millhorn, Eldridge, Kiley & Waldrop, 1984). A new finding was a long-lasting (greater than 60 min) facilitation of respiration following exposure to less severe (Pa,O2 greater than 35 Torr) hypoxia. 4. Medullary extracellular fluid pH was measured in six cats. Changes in pH could not explain either the prolonged inhibition following severe hypoxia or the long-lasting facilitation observed following mild hypoxia. 5. Ablation studies were performed in order to determine the locations of the neuronal substrates for the inhibitory and facilitatory mechanisms. The results of this series of experiments indicate that the mesencephalon is necessary for activation of the inhibitory mechanism, while the facilitatory mechanism requires the presence of higher brain structures, notably the diencephalon. 6. Following removal of the diencephalon, the inhibitory response was seen following even mild hypoxic insults, i.e. those shown to produce facilitation in animals with intact brains. In the absence of the mesencephalon, neither prolonged inhibition nor prolonged facilitation could be produced following hypoxia. 7. It is proposed that there are two centrally mediated long-lasting responses to acute hypoxia. Facilitation is seen following mild hypoxia. Inhibition is more likely following severe hypoxia. However, both mechanisms appear to be triggered simultaneously and the output of the central respiratory controller reflects the influence of each.
Model based off-road terrain profile estimation

This paper investigates a method for estimating an off-road terrain profile using a vehicle suspension model. An augmented state Kalman filter (ASKF) is presented as a means to estimate the unknown inputs of the 7-DOF full suspension model. The Weierstrass-Mandelbrot function was used to generate a fractal terrain surface for a vehicle simulation. The terrain surface was used with Carsim in a simulation to test the proposed estimation method. To further validate the method an experimental study was conducted on an off-road terrain. A Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) sensor was used to measure the terrain profile. Global positioning system (GPS), inertial navigation sensors (INS) and suspension deflection sensors were used to as measurements to the ASKF. It is shown that the terrain profile can be estimated as the input to the 7-DOF suspension model. The method is effective at capturing the low frequency content of the profile while some of the higher frequency content cannot be recovered.
Comparison of apoptosis and mortality measurements in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) using multiple methods.

. Death through apoptosis is the main process by which aged cells that have lost their function are eliminated. Apoptotic cells are usually detected microscopically by changes in their morphology. However, determination of early apoptotic events is important for in vitro (and ex vivo) studies. The main objective of the present study is to find the most sensitive method for apoptosis detection in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) by comparing six different methods following five different means of immunological stimulation at 3 and 5 days. Each of six apoptosis quantification methods, except the trypan blue exclusion test, is a combination of two stains, one for the specific detection of apoptotic cells and the other for the unspecific detection of dead cells. Values for apoptosis and mortality were compared with a reference method. The choice of apoptosis detection method is more important following 3 days of stimulation than after 5 days of stimulation (P = 2 × 10−6 versus P = 1 × 10−2). In contrast, we find mortality measurements following the different means of stimulation highly significant at both 3 and 5 days (F2.28 = 7.9, P = 1.4 × 10−6 at 3 days and F2.28 = 8.5, P = 4.5 × 10−7 at 5 days). Variation as a result of the combination of specific PBMC stimulation and the method used to detect apoptosis is reduced considerably with time (F1.58 + 3.7, P + 3 × 10−7 at 3 days to F = (1.58) = 0.97, P = 0.5 at 5 days). Based on Tukey's test, YO-PRO-1 is the most sensitive stain for apoptosis and, when combined with 7-AAD, provides an accurate measure of apoptosis and mortality. In conclusion, we propose YO-PRO-1/7-AAD as a new combination and low-cost alternative for the sensitive detection of early apoptosis.
Formation of Magnetic FexOy/Silica Core-Shell Particles in a One-Step Flame Aerosol Process

In this study, iron silicon oxide particles were generated in a one-step flame assisted spray pyrolysis (FASP) process using H2/air or H2/O2 diffusion flames. A colloidal precursor solution was used, which contained dissolved iron nitrate and stably suspended silica nanoparticles. H2/air flames resulted in magnetic FexOy/silica core-shell particles. There was a correlation between particle size and particle structure; particles larger than 500 nm had the core-shell structure, but smaller particles had non-core-shell structures. H2/O2 flames only resulted in nanoparticles that had non-core-shell structures. The core-shell particles had a iron oxide core that was hermetically enclosed in a uniform silica shell with a typical thickness of approximately 100 nm; they were superparamagnetic with a room-temperature saturation magnetization greater than 24 emu/g. Temperature history of the particles may be used to explain the correlation between flame type and particle structure. The correlation between particle ...
A hybrid approach to the transient collapse analysis of thin walled frameworks I

A compound beam element for the transient hybrid finite element analysis have been developed. The new element is a combination of an elastic beam and nonlinear rotary springs whose behaviour in the elastic/plastic and deep collapse range is controlled by inputted moment-rotation curves. The element formulation is based on the rigid convected co-ordinate procedure similar to the one used by the Belytschko-Schwer (B-S) beam element [1]. The element mass and stiffness matrices have been derived and the stiffness matrix dependency on the spring behaviour explained. Semidiscretized equations of motion are discretized in time by the central difference method.
Stress Corrosion Cracking of 4340 Steel in Aircraft Ignition Starter Residues

Military aircraft use a cartridge ignition system for emergency engine starts. Premature failures of steel (AISI 4340) breech chambers in which the solid propellant cartridges are burned is a serious concern. Analysis of a number of breech chamber failures identified corrosion as one problem with an indication that stress corrosion cracking may also be occurring. A study was made for stress corrosion cracking susceptibility of 4340 steel in a paste made of the residues collected from used breech chambers. The constant extension rate test (CERT) technique was employed, and SCC susceptibility was demonstrated. The residues, which contain both combustion products from the cartridges and corrosion products from the chamber, were analyzed using elemental analysis and X-ray diffraction techniques. Electrochemical polarization techniques were also utilized to estimate corrosion rates.
Alcoholism, Alcoholics Anonymous attendance, and outcome in a prison system.

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between attendance at meetings of Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) and follow-up status in a sample of prison inmates. Subjects (N = 102) were administered three self-report measures of alcoholism: the MAST, CAGE, and Rosett Quantity-Frequency tests. AA attendance during incarceration was recorded. One-year follow-up status, ranging from transfer to a more secure facility to discharge from the prison system, was used as an outcome indicator. Results revealed that 56% of the subjects met the criteria for alcoholism on at least one measure, and that scores on the alcoholism measures were significantly correlated with AA attendance. Thus, the most severe alcoholics were the best AA attenders. The hypothesis that greater AA attendance would predict follow-up outcome was not confirmed. However, the extent of drinking reported prior to admission (average alcohol quantity per week) was related to security status at 1-year follow-up. The greater the drinki...
Active transport of fluoride by the rat intestine in vitro.

Abstract 1. 1. Everted sacs of rat jejunum, ileum, and colon were used to investigate the possibility of active F − transport. Fluoride was placed in equal concentration in both compartments at the initial levels of 0.083, 0.167, and 1.670 mM. A secretion of F − against its electrochemical gradient was observed across ileum at 0.167 mM F − and either 1.9 or 1.0 mM Ca 2+ , and across jejunum and ileum at 0.167 and 1.670 mM F − in the presence of 0.5 mM Ca 2+ . 2. 2. When 0.167 mM F − was placed initially on either the mucosal or the serosal| side, at 1.9 mM Ca 2+ , fluoride crossed each section of the intestine freely in both the absorptive and secretory directions. The translocation of F − , however, was greater in the direction of secretion with jejunal and ileal sacs. 3. 3. With equal initial concentration of F − in both compartments, alteration of| the exogenous Ca 2+ concentration and also the addition of 2,4-dinitrophenol affected only the net movement of F − in the mucosal compartment. Since the loss of F − from the serosal compartment was not influenced, it appeared that this effect was localized at the mucosal surface. 4. 4. The net movement of F − against its electrochemical gradient was inhibited| by the addition of 1 mM dinitrophenol at 0° confirming the existence of active F − transport in jejunum and ileum. A less active F − pump also appeared to exist in the colon.
The Development of the English Developmental Contrastive Spelling Test: A Tool for Investigating Spanish Influence on English Spelling Development

This article describes the development of an English spelling measure designed to assess the progress made by Spanish-English bilingual children from Grade 2 to Grade 5. Different stages of developing the measure are described, such as selecting the focus features, the prepilot and pilot phases, and the operational version. Two underlying attributes characterize the spelling measure described in this article. First, it is developmental, meaning that it contains a wide variety of features and items that differ according to spelling difficulty, such that the assessment is able to measure the growth of English spelling ability over the full sequence of the upper elementary grades. Second, it is contrastive; that is, it was designed to detect some areas of potential cross-linguistic influence from Spanish to English. The combination of these two characteristics makes this spelling measure a unique tool for assessing the development of spelling ability by Spanish-English bilingual children.
Therapeutic choices in younger patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia.

BACKGROUND Allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT) and interferon (IFN)-α therapy have significantly improved the prognosis of patients with Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome positive chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). Both therapies may be suitable for younger patients. The authors reviewed current data to assist in prioritizing these modalities in an individual patient. METHODS The authors reviewed and summarized current data on outcomes of SCT and IFN-α therapy in patients with early chronic phase CML. RESULTS Several disease-, patient-, and physician-related factors affect outcomes with both modalities. Interferon-α does not induce myelofibrosis. The course of CML is predictable in most patients; sudden emergence of blastic phase; disease is unusual. There is no significant adverse impact of delaying SCT for the 12 months usually necessary to assess cytogenetic response to an IFN-α–based regimen. Interferon-α may be discontinued some months before SCT and is not associated with an adverse impact on post-SCT outcomes. CONCLUSIONS An individualized risk assessment–based approach is of value in prioritizing SCT and IFN-α in younger patients with chronic phase CML. The authors recommend a risk-based therapy algorithm based on the expected SCT associated 1-year mortality for an individual patient. Cancer 2000;89:1647–58. © 2000 American Cancer Society.
Efficient, sensitivity resistant binary instrumentation

Binary instrumentation allows users to inject new code into programs without requiring source code, symbols, or debugging information. Instrumenting a binary requires structural modifications such as moving code, adding new code, and overwriting existing code; these modifications may unintentionally change the program's semantics. Binary instrumenters attempt to preserve the intended semantics of the program by further transforming the code to compensate for these structural modifications. Current instrumenters may fail to correctly preserve program semantics or impose significant unnecessary compensation cost because they lack a formal model of the impact of their structural modifications on program semantics. These weaknesses are particularly acute when instrumenting highly optimized or malicious code, making current instrumenters less useful as tools in the security or high-performance domains. We present a formal specification of how the structural modifications used by instrumentation affect a binary's visible behavior, and have adapted the Dyninst binary instrumenter to use this specification, thereby guaranteeing correct instrumentation while greatly reducing compensation costs. When compared against the fastest widely used instrumenters our technique imposed 46% less overhead; furthermore, we can successfully instrument highly defensive binaries that are specifically looking for code patching and instrumentation.
Equity compensation and the sensitivity of research and development to financial market frictions

Abstract When financial market frictions exist, executives may have to decide which investment activities to reduce when internal funds decrease. Expenditures on research and development (R&D) may be particularly vulnerable because of the long-term nature of innovative activity. We find that equity compensation is associated with lower levels of firm R&D expenditures. Rewarding executives to incur more risk has little effect on R&D expenditures, but rewarding executives for higher returns reduces R&D expenditures and makes R&D expenditures more sensitive to financial market frictions. In contrast, cash compensation reduces the sensitivity of R&D expenditures to financial market frictions.
Motor overflow and children's tracking performance: is there a link?

The aim of this study was to investigate the interaction of skill performance, motor overflow, and hand linkage in the form of mirror movements in a visual–manual tracking paradigm across practice trials. We hypothesized that both the amount of motor overflow and the degree of hand linkage would be linked in an inverse way to the quality of task performance. Furthermore, we expected a short-term decrease in both of these factors as children practiced and improved their task performance. Sixteen right-handed, 6-year-old children tracked a visual target with their right hand by pinching two parallel steel bars instrumented with strain gauges. The left hand was also positioned by similar instrumented steel bars to measure overflow/mirroring. At both the beginning and end of practice trials, a cluster analysis was used to determine relationships among performance, overflow, and hand linkage variables. In general, the results support the main hypothesis that the amount of motor overflow and the degree of hand linkage are linked to the quality of task performance, but the relationships between these variables across short-term learning are nonlinear
Distributed Computing Task Assignment and Lightpath Establishment (TALE)

For a future WDM network to efficiently support distributed computing applications that require both execution by multiple geographically separated computing nodes and data transferring between them, traditional approaches to establishing lightpaths between given source destination pairs are not sufficient because a computing task may be executed on any one of several computing nodes having the necessary resources. Therefore, lightpath establishment has to be considered jointly with task assignment to achieve best performance. In this paper, we design and evaluate approaches to the joint optimization of the task assignment and lightpath establishment (TALE) problem. We first formulate the off-line version of the TALE problem and then devise a branch and bound algorithm to obtain the minimum number of wavelengths required to support a set of given jobs. In addition, we propose efficient heuristics to deal with the TALE problem in both off-line and on-line versions. Finally, we demonstrate and compare the performances of proposed heuristics through simulation.
Choledochal tube stenting for decompression of the extrahepatic portion of the biliary tract in dogs: 13 cases (2002–2005)

Objective—To determine clinicopathologic features, surgical management, complications, and long-term outcome associated with diseases of the extrahepatic portion of the biliary tract treated via choledochal stent placement in dogs. Design—Retrospective case series. Animals—13 dogs. Procedure—Data were obtained from medical records, and follow-up information was obtained via reexamination or telephone interview with owners or referring veterinarians. Results—10 dogs had extrahepatic biliary obstruction (EHBO), 6 as a result of pancreatitis. Two dogs had rupture of the common bile duct associated with cholelithiasis. In 1 dog, a stent was placed prophylactically after gastroduodenostomy was performed for a perforated duodenal ulcer. Nine of 13 dogs survived the perioperative period and were discharged. No recurrence of EHBO or other complications developed in the discharged dogs while the stents were in place. Median follow-up period from surgery to last owner contact was 13.3 months. In 1 dog, the stent wa...
Gaining extra crypto-security using system on chip model for RC5

By exploiting features embedded in modern field programmable gate arrays, which allow system on chip (SoC) modeling, this paper presents a hardware enhanced security for the RC5 encryption system. RC5 algorithm is used as a case study, and the SoC model can apply to similar algorithms. The proposed model is synthesized to FPGA and can easily be mapped to ASIC technology. The proposed model is studied, and has shown improved security against single site physical access attacks. Further simulation studies are undergoing to measure the speed of performance of the proposed model.
Left-Wing Mobilization and Socioeconomic Equality: A Cross-National Analysis of the Developed Democracies

This article provides a theoretical and empirical cross-national analysis of the relationship between two composite concepts: left-wing mobilization (entailing consideration of the degree of social democratic party rule, left-wing party opposition, and trade union strength) and socioeconomic equality. A typology of this latter concept is presented that focuses upon four dimensions of equality: meritocratic (equality of opportunity), welfarist (ethos of the modern welfare state), emancipatory (socio-proportional equality for sexual, ethnic, and racial groups), and egalitarian (equality of income distribution). After consideration of the theoretical literature on the impact of the partisan composition of government (as well as the role of opposition and trade union forces) upon the degree of socioeconomic equality, hypotheses are derived to test empirically this relationship for the advanced capitalist states of Western Europe, North America, and the Pacific during the postwar era. The findings lend credenc...
TAXONOMIC NOTES ON FROGS OF THE GENUS RANA FROM MILNE BAY PROVINCE, PAPUA NEW GUINEA

Abstract We provide a taxonomic diagnosis and discussion of the frogs of the Rana papua group within Milne Bay Province, the southeasternmost extent of New Guinea and associated offshore islands. S...
MSH Receptors and the Response of Human A375 Melanoma Cells to Interleukin-1β

Abstractα-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH, α-melanotropin) has been shown to be an inhibitory factor in many immunologic and inflammatory processes involving the cytokine interleukin-1 (IL-1). As the mechanism of the interaction between IL-1 and α-MSH at the receptor level is unknown, we have studied the role of MC1 melanocortin receptors in two variants of the human melanoma cell line A375 differing in their sensitivity to the cytostatic effects of IL-1β. Both IL-1 sensitive (A375r-) and resistant cells (A375r+) carry specific high affinity receptors for IL-1, albeit their concentration is 10-fold higher in A375r+ cells. In A375r- cells, MC1 receptors are absent or below the level for reliable detection in the binding assay. Conversion of A375r- to A375r+ cells by prolonged culture in medium not depleted of endotoxin led to the appearance of MC1 receptors (KD 0.4 ± 0.123 nmol/l; 608 ± 134 receptors/cell). Stable transfection of A375r- cells with the human MC1 receptor did not, however, render them ...
The Impact of Initial Field Experience on Pre-Service Teachers' Attitude Toward Inclusion

In the United States, up to 50% of new teachers leave the profession within 5 years (Smith & Ingersoll, 2004). This unacceptable level of sustainability of the profession is of concern to both teacher preparation institutions and the local education agencies. This paper looks at one factor that may impact the sustainability of current teacher preparation models: attitudes toward inclusion of students with disabilities in the mainstream classroom. Participants in the study were currently enrolled in 3 different phases of a teacher preparation programmes at a regional university in the United States. A survey was administered at the beginning and at the end of the semester. Results indicate that students become progressively more negative toward inclusion of students with disabilities in the general education classroom yet continue to support the social value of having all students in a general education setting. Results from the survey are presented and implications for practice are discussed.
AT-37PHASE I STUDY OF PLERIXAFOR AND BEVACIZUMAB IN RECURRENT HIGH-GRADE GLIOMA

Although anti-angiogenic therapy for high-grade glioma is promising, responses are not durable. The SDF-1/CXCR4 axis may help mediate resistance to VEGFR inhibition. Plerixafor is a reversible CXCR4 inhibitor that has demonstrated growth inhibition in glioblastoma xenografts. We conducted a Phase I study to determine the safety and tolerability of plerixafor in combination with bevacizumab in patients with recurrent HGG. A 3 x 3 dose escalation design to a maximum planned dose level of plerixafor 320 µg/kg on Days 1-21 and bevacizumab 10 mg/kg on Days 1 and 15 of each 28 day cycle was used. DLTs were determined during the initial 4 weeks of therapy and included drug-related Grade ≥ 3 non-hematologic toxicities and Grade ≥ 4 hematologic toxicities. Part 1 of the study has been completed with a total of 23 patients enrolled with the following characteristics: median age 58 (23-72), median KPS 90 (70-100), 11 women (47.8%). One DLT (grade 3 rectal fistula) was seen at a dose level of plerixafor 240 µg/kg + bevacizumab and the cohort was expanded. Because no further DLTs were seen at the 240 µg/kg dose level, the maximum planned dose level of plerixafor 320 µg/kg + bevacizumb opened and a total of 12 patients were treated with no DLTs. Treatment was well tolerated with one grade 3 hypophosphatemia and one grade 3 rectal fistula. Preliminary pharmacokinetic data on plerixafor from the first two cohorts compares well with historical PK data. Combination treatment with bevacizumab and plerixafor was well tolerated in the studied HGG patients. No DLTs were encountered at the maximum planned dose level. The study will now expand to a surgical cohort to examine tumor tissue penetration as well as a separate non-surgical cohort with patients treated with continuous daily dosing of plerixafor 320 µg/kg and bevacizumab. Updated results will be presented.