cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A PI-algebra which is not PI when an inverse is adjoined

An example is produced of an algebra, embedded in 2 x 2 matrices over a field, which is not PI when an element's inverse is formally adjoined. This example is used to show that the generic 2 x 2 matrices, a domain, has the same property. In commutative algebra the procedure of adjoining the inverse of an element in a ring has proven useful. Recently work has been done towards generalizing the concepts of commutative algebra and algebraic geometry to PI-algebras [1], [2], [6]. In this paper it is shown that the algebra which is obtained from a subring of a ring of 2 x 2 matrices over an extension of the base field, by formal adjunction of the inverse of an element is not PI. We do this by describing an irreducible infinite dimensional representation and applying Kaplansky's theorem [4]. For A and B algebras over a commutative ring C, we shall use the notation of the free product A *c B as found in [5]. This C-algebra is the coproduct in the category of C-algebras. For R an algebra over a field k, and x an element of R, let x' denote the residue class of z in the algebra R *k k[z]/(zx 1, xz 1). Define R{x'} to be the above algebra. Let k{X, Y} be the algebra obtained by adjoining two generic 2 x 2 matrices to a field k. THEOREM 1. k{X, Y} {X'} is not a PI-algebra. To prove this theorem we shall work with another algebra. We define A to be the quotient of the free algebra k{x, y} by the relations y2 = 0 and yx'y = 0, for i > 0. LEMMA 2. The set S = {xiyxJ, xk; ij,k > 0) spans A as a vector space over k. PROOF. The set S u {0} is closed under multiplication, since x vxJxkyxt = 0, for ij,k,n > 0. Thus since A is generated as an algebra by x andy, the ring A is spanned by S over k. Note. S is actually a basis for A. Received by the editors July 25, 1978 and, in revised form, October 18, 1978. AMS (MOS) subject classifications (1970). Primary 16A08; Secondary 16A38.
Electron spin resonance study of the role of nitrosyl-heme in the activation of guanylate cyclase by nitrosoguanidine and related agonists.

Abstract The responsiveness of soluble rat hepatic guanylate cyclase to N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine,NO, nitrite and nitroprusside is markedly reduced or abolished with partial purification of enzyme activity, and is subsequently restored by addition of free or protein bound heme, plus a reducing agent. Under conditions required for restoration of enzyme responsiveness, formation of paramagnetic nitrosyl-heme complexes from each enzyme agonist was observed by electron spin resonance spectroscopy. Moreover, preformed nitrosylhemoglobin activates purified guanylate cyclase in the absence of both added heme and reducing agents, conditions that do not permit expression of effects of nitrosoguanidine, NO, nitrite or nitroprusside. The capacity of the latter agonists to activate purified enzyme activity correlates with their capacity to generate nitrosyl-heme under different conditions of incubation. These results indicate that formation of nitrosyl-heme may be an obligate step in the activation of guanylate cyclase by nitrosoguanidine, NO, nitrite and nitroprusside.
Social and Work Relations of Professional Women: An Academic Collective in the GDR

The work collective is a new institution that has developed in the socialist countries of Eastern Europe. It is part of a general effort to establish work and the place of work as a central reference point in people's lives. In an earlier study, which explored the effects of pressures at work on marriage and friendship relations among professional women and men in the United States and two socialist societies,1 quite unsolicited comments of respondents both from the Soviet Union and in the German Democratic Republic made it clear that the work collective was indeed an element of considerable importance in their personal lives. To explore it further promised to reveal important facets of daily life in a socialist country. When I had the chance to do a series of intensive interviews with professional women directly or indirectly affiliated with a university in the German Democratic Republic (GDR),2 I therefore decided to focus my talks on the work collective. I sought to clarify the formal structure and the tasks of the work collective, as well as to understand the actual role of the collective in the lives of the women I spoke with. That I talked mainly with professional women associated with one university is a limitation but one that also yields advantages. I was able to tap a variety of perspectives on the same or very similar work groups and to gain deeper insights into what they really mean for the practicing women professionals participating in them.
Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 gene associations with immunologic subsets of inflammatory bowel disease

Abstract Background & Aims: Inflammatory bowel disease is characterized by a failure to down-regulate the usual self-limited gut inflammatory response, suggesting that one or more of the predisposing genes could be those that determine the level of the immune response along the inflammatory pathway. The aim of this study was to examine potential associations of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) gene polymorphisms with inflammatory bowel disease or subsets of inflammatory bowel disease. Methods: One hundred eighteen patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and 130 patients with Crohn's disease (CD) as well as 77 ethnically matched controls were tested for antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs) and genotyped by polymerase chain reaction and allele-specific oligonucleotide techniques for ICAM-1 polymorphisms at codon 241 (exon 4) and codon 469 (exon 6). Results: There was no significant difference between all patients with UC, patients with CD, and controls in either polymorphism. However, when stratified by ANCA status, ANCA-negative UC showed a significantly increased frequency of allele R241 compared with ANCA-positive UC (16.0% vs. 6.6%; P = 0.047, Fisher's Exact Test). In contrast, it was ANCA-positive CD that had an increased allele frequency compared with ANCA-negative CD (19.6% vs. 8.4%; P = 0.027, Fisher's Exact Test). Conclusions: Because the codon 241 polymorphism is in a functionally important domain III of ICAM-1, we may have identified an actual responsible genetic variation for genetically heterogeneous subsets of both UC and CD.
Rice Snl6, a Cinnamoyl-CoA Reductase-Like Gene Family Member, Is Required for NH1-Mediated Immunity to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae

Rice NH1 (NPR1 homolog 1) is a key mediator of innate immunity. In both plants and animals, the innate immune response is often accompanied by rapid cell death at the site of pathogen infection. Over-expression of NH1 in rice results in resistance to the bacterial pathogen, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), constitutive expression of defense related genes and enhanced benzothiadiazole (BTH)- mediated cell death. Here we describe a forward genetic screen that identified a suppressor of NH1-mediated lesion formation and resistance, snl6. Comparative genome hybridization and fine mapping rapidly identified the genomic location of the Snl6 gene. Snl6 is a member of the cinnamoyl-CoA reductase (CCR)-like gene family. We show that Snl6 is required for NH1-mediated resistance to Xoo. Further, we show that Snl6 is required for pathogenesis-related gene expression. In contrast to previously described CCR family members, disruption of Snl6 does not result in an obvious morphologic phenotype. Snl6 mutants have reduced lignin content and increased sugar extractability, an important trait for the production of cellulosic biofuels. These results suggest the existence of a conserved group of CCR-like genes involved in the defense response, and with the potential to alter lignin content without affecting development.
Geographical Trends in Numbers of Species

Geographic variation in the number of coexisting plant and animal species (species density) often follows repeated patterns; best known is the general increase in species richness from temperate to tropical latitudes. Here we undertake a quantitative analysis of geographic trends in species density for the terrestrial vertebrate faunas of the United States and Australia. Trends in numbers of species of amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals are described and are correlated with geographic variation in abiotic environmental measures. Intercontinental comparisons reveal general patterns as well as intriguing and profound differences in vertebrate distributions.
Cryptographic and Steganographic Approaches to Ensure Multimedia Information Security and Privacy

Information security and privacy have traditionally been ensured with data encryption techniques. Generic data encryption standards, such as DES, RSA, AES, are not very efficient in the encryption of multimedia contents due to the large volume. In order to address this issue, different image/video encryption methodologies have been developed. These methodologies encrypt only the key parameters of image/video data instead of encrypting it as a bitstream. Joint compression-encryption is a very promising direction for image/video encryption. Nowadays, researchers start to utilize information hiding techniques to enhance the security level of data encryption methodologies. Information hiding conceals not only the content of the secret message, but also its very existence. In terms of the amount of data to be embedded, information hiding methodologies can be classified into low bitrate and high bitrate algorithms. In terms of the domain for embedding, they can be classified into spatial domain and transform domain algorithms. Different categories of information hiding methodologies, as well as data embedding and watermarking strategies for digital video contents, will be reviewed. A joint cryptograph-steganography methodology, which combines both encryption and information hiding techniques to ensure patient information security and privacy in medical images, is also presented.
Proactive resource allocation optimization in LTE with inter-cell interference coordination

This paper presents a distributed, dynamic self-organizing network (SON) solution for downlink resources in an LTE network, triggered by support vector regression instances predicting various traffic loads on the nodes in the network. The proposed SON algorithm pro-actively allocates resources to nodes which are expected to experience traffic spikes before the higher traffic load occurs, as opposed to overloaded nodes reacting to a resource-exhaustion condition. In addition, the solution ensures inter-cell interference coordination is maintained across the LTE cells/sectors.
Inhibition of Escherichia coli glutamine synthetase by phosphinothricin

Abstract The inhibition of Escherichia coli glutamine synthetase by phosphinothricin [2-amino-4-(methylphosphinyl)butanoic acid] has been studied. This amino acid was observed to function as an active site directed inhibitor exhibiting time-dependent inhibition of glutamine synthetase in the presence of ATP or adenylylimidodiphosphate (AMPPNP) but not adenylyl(β,γ-methylene) diphosphonate (AMPPCP). The inactivation was observed to be pseudo-first order. Phosphinothricin was also found to inhibit the enzyme reversibly under initial rate conditions and was competitive with respect to glutamate with K 1S = 18 ± 3 μ m . The inactive enzyme inhibitor complex was found to contain approximately 11 molecules of ADP and of 32 P per dodecamer using [γ- 32 P]ATP. Reactivation of the inactive enzyme complex was achieved by incubating the enzyme complex in 50 m m acetate (pH 4.4), 1 m KCl, and 0.40 m (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 . ADP, phosphinothricin, and P i were released upon reactivation.
Concerted diffusion, clustering, and magnetic properties of mn dopants on a 2 x 2-t4 GaN(0001) substrate

Based on first-principles calculations within density functional theory, we propose a kinetic pathway for Mn incorporation on reconstructed 2 x 2-T4 GaN(0001), characterized by concerted substitution of a Ga atom by a Mn adatom via a precursor surface site T4. The Mn dopants at low densities are randomly distributed, resulting in intrinsic diluted magnetic semiconductors (DMS). At high Mn densities, planar ferromagnetic clusters oriented in the (0001) plane can be readily formed at relatively low growth temperatures, but ferrimagnetic zigzag columns along the growth orientation will be formed at high temperatures. Furthermore, intrinsic DMS are more likely to be formed via codeposition of Mn+Ga+N at high growth rates. These findings help to explain the observed variations in both the magnetic ordering temperature TC and the magnetic nature of Ga1-xMnxN.
Ligation-independent cloning of PCR products (LIC-PCR)

A new procedure has been developed for the efficient cloning of complex PCR mixtures, resulting in libraries exclusively consisting of recombinant clones. Recombinants are generated between PCR products and a PCR-amplified plasmid vector. The procedure does not require the use of restriction enzymes, T4 DNA ligase or alkaline phosphatase. The 5'-ends of the primers used to generate the cloneable PCR fragments contain an additional 12 nucleotide (nt) sequence lacking dCMP. As a result, the amplification products include 12-nt sequences lacking dGMP at their 3'-ends. The 3'-terminal sequence can be removed by the action of the (3'----5') exonuclease activity of T4 DNA polymerase in the presence of dGTP, leading to fragments with 5'-extending single-stranded (ss) tails of a defined sequence and length. Similarly, the entire plasmid vector is amplified with primers homologous to sequences in the multiple cloning site. The vector oligos have additional 12-nt tails complementary to the tails used for fragment amplification, permitting the creation of ss-ends with T4 DNA polymerase in the presence of dCTP. Circularization can occur between vector molecules and PCR fragments as mediated by the 12-nt cohesive ends, but not in mixtures lacking insert fragments. The resulting circular recombinant molecules do not require in vitro ligation for efficient bacterial transformation. We have applied the procedure for the cloning of inter-ALU fragments from hybrid cell-lines and human cosmid clones.
Future Cardiovascular Risk Interpreting the Importance of Increased Blood Pressure during Pregnancy

Cardiovascular (CV) disease is the leading cause of death in women over the age of 50. Risk factors related to the increase in CV disease after transition into menopause include an increase in abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and hypertension.1 Recent studies indicate that a history of preeclampsia increases future CV risk.2–4 Based on these findings, the National Institutes of Health sponsored a workshop in 2010 entitled, “Bridging Preeclampsia and Future Cardiovascular Disease.”5 The aims of the workshop were to “identify knowledge gaps and research opportunities” to facilitate the prevention of future CV risk in women who develop preeclampsia during pregnancy.5 Recommendations provided to the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute from the workshop initiated with an aim to use “already established cohort studies.” It was suggested that studies or trials with well-defined diagnoses of preeclampsia could be used to prospectively follow patients long-term to assess CV outcome and to determine the progression of chronic disease. Article see p 681 In this issue of Circulation , Mannisto and colleagues6 present a large population-based prospective study with the use of the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 that elegantly addresses the first recommended initiative from the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute Workshop on preeclampsia and future CV risk. The Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 initiated with routine prenatal visits …
Chemical Properties of Elongation Factor 2 AMINO ACID COMPOSITION, NH2-TERMINAL RESIDUE, AND SULFHYDRYL REACTIVITY

Abstract Elongation factor 2 (EF-2) and ADP ribosylated EF-2 appear to have the same amino acid composition and to consist of one polypeptide chain of approximately 1,000 residues with valine as the NH2-terminal residue; the molecular weight calculated from the composition is 110,000 per mole of either protein or adenosine-5'-diphosphate-5'-ribose (ADPR). Titration with p-hydroxymercuri[14C]benzoate indicated 18 sulfhydryls and 2 disulfides per mole of EF-2. EF-2 could not be ADP ribosylated if first titrated with p-hydroxymercuribenzoate. Titration of EF-2 and ADPR EF-2 was compared as well as titration of EF-2 ± GTP and ± diphtheria toxin fragment A; certain differences were observed.
Pulse propagation at negative group velocity in a transparent medium

Summary form only given. We use gain-assisted linear anomalous dispersion to demonstrate superluminal light pulse propagation with a negative group velocity through a transparent atomic medium. We place two Raman gain peaks closely to obtain an essentially lossless anomalous dispersion region that results in a superluminal group velocity. The group velocity of a pulse in this region exceeds c and can even become negative,while the shape of the pulse is preserved. We measured a negative group velocity index of n/sub g/=-315(/spl plusmn/5). Experimentally, a light pulse propagating through the spin-polarized atomic vapor cell exits from it earlier than propagating through the same distance in vacuum by a time difference that is 315 times of the vacuum light propagation time L/c=0.2 ns.
miR‐25 targets TNF‐related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) death receptor‐4 and promotes apoptosis resistance in cholangiocarcinoma

MicroRNA expression is altered in a variety of human cancers, with some microRNAs exhibiting increased expression levels and others reduced amounts compared to non tumor samples (1). Functionally, microRNAs contribute to many processes, including oncogenesis, angiogenesis, cell death, and metastasis. Thus, the control of microRNA levels in cancer cells, as well as their particular protein targets, is an active area of investigation. Among the microRNAs known to be dysregulated in disease states, miR-25 is expressed at altered levels in a number of cancers. miR-25 is 22 nucleotides in length, hosted by the minichromosome maintenance protein-7 (MCM7) gene, and transcribed as part of the mir-106b~25 polycistron. Examples of miR-25 dysregulation include its upregulation in pediatric brain tumors of multiple histological classifications (2), prostate carcinoma (3), gastric adenocarcinoma (4), and epidermal growth factor receptor-positive lung adenocarcinoma (5). In the liver, miR-25 is elevated in hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines (6, 7) and human hepatocellular carcinoma samples (8, 9), and was among the microRNAs shown to be overexpressed in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (10). Further, exposure to tamoxifen, a known inducer of liver cancer, increased hepatic miR-25 expression in rats (11). Notably, elevated miR-25 levels are not universally associated with a worse disease course, for instance in acute myelogenous leukemia (12). Therefore, the particular functional effect of elevated microRNA quantities cannot necessarily be generalized from one tumor type to another. Cholangiocarcinoma represents the second most common primary hepatobiliary cancer (13) and is resistant to apoptosis mediated by TRAIL, a major player in the extrinsic death pathway (14). Similar to other tumors, cholangiocarcinoma paradoxically expresses TRAIL (15-17) and, therefore, may rely on strong cellular survival signals for tumor development. We report a role for miR-25 in regulating apoptotic signaling in cholangiocarcinoma cell lines and human tumor samples. Increased miR-25 repressed Death Receptor-4 (DR4) protein expression protecting cells from TRAIL-induced death, and this effect was reversed on antagonism of miR-25.
Linear and Nonlinear Encoding Properties of an Identified Mechanoreceptor on the Fly wing Measured with Mechanical Noise Stimuli

The wing blades of most flies contain a small set of distal campaniform sensilla, mechanoreceptors that respond to deformations of the cuticle. This paper describes a method of analysis based upon mechanical noise stimuli which is used to quantify the encoding properties of one of these sensilla (the d-HCV cell) on the wing of the blowfly Calliphora vomitoria (L.). The neurone is modelled as two components, a linear filter that accounts for the frequency response and phase characteristics of the cell, followed by a static nonlinearity that limits the spike discharge to a narrow portion of the stimulus cycle. The model is successful in predicting the response of campaniform neurones to arbitrary stimuli, and provides a convenient method for quantifying the encoding properties of the sensilla. The d-HCV neurone is only broadly frequency tuned, but its maximal response near 150 Hz corresponds to the wingbeat frequency of Calliphora. In the range of frequencies likely to be encountered during flight, the d-HCV neurone fires a single phase-locked action potential for each stimulus cycle. The phase lag of the cell decreases linearly with increasing frequency such that the absolute delay between stimulus and response remains nearly constant. Thus, during flight the neurone is capable of firing one precisely timed action potential during each wingbeat, and might be used to modulate motor activity that requires afferent input on a cycle-by-cycle basis.
Research ethics in the facebook era: privacy, anonymity, and oversight

Ethical standards for human subjects research have not kept up with new research paradigms. Several research areas are particularly problematic for the CHI community. Online social research is testing the boundaries of public observation, third-party disclosure, and anonymization methods. Furthermore, there are differences in norms about what is and is not ethical among various research disciplines studying the Web. This SIG brings together members of the CHI community who are interested in research ethics for studying the Web. We invite seasoned veterans from industry and academia, educators, and newcomers to the field to share their experiences and advice, ask questions, and to form an interest group that can help shape university and corporate best practices for online research.
Phase-error correction for coherent array imaging systems

A new technique for phasing coherent arrays is described for the situation in which independent realizations of an object's far field are measured, with each measurement corrupted by a different phase error. The method is similar to the imaging correlography technique in that an estimate of the object's autocorrelation is obtained by correlating the far-field intensities. However, in contrast with imaging correlography, this information is then used to estimate the phase errors for each realization, and the phase-error estimates are used to phase the array and form an estimate of the object. >
CLIMB: a new Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory lens design code

The new LASL lens design code uses a Monte Carlo random selection of object points in the object field, each with a ray of specified color traced through a randomly selected point in the entrance pupil. The figure of merit is measured by the failure of the designer's mapping unction, including constraints, to predict the actual ray trace position at the focal surface or elsewhere in the optical system. Optical system layout flexibility has been increased by allowing (1) the coordinate system to move with the central ray during designing, (2) the introduction of an accessory reference surface anywhere in the system, and (3) the specification of an optical surface by a table of surface coordinates.
Neonatal Monosodium Glutamate Treatment Alters the Response of Median Eminence Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone Nerve Terminals to Potassium and Prostaglandin E2*

The following study was designed to examine the effect of neonatal monosodium glutamate (MSG) treatment on: 1) the distribution of LHRH in discrete regions of the hypothalamus and 2) the response of median eminence (ME) LHRH terminals to two secretogogues using an in vitro superfusion system. Adult male rats (5 months old) treated with MSG during the first 10 days of life displayed the characteristic endocrine abnormalities previously associated with this syndrome. In addition, ME fragments from MSG-treated rats weighed significantly less (P < 0.01) and had a significantly lower (P < 0.05) protein content than similar fragments obtained from control male rats, suggesting that the ME is atrophic after MSG treatment. Concentrations of LHRH (picograms per μg protein) were significantly decreased (P < 0.05) in the arcuate nucleus and increased (P < 0.01) in the ME of MSG-treated rats compared with LHRH levels measured in control rats. Whereas dopamine levels were significantly reduced (P < 0.01) in the arcuat...
Capnography during jet ventilation for laryngoscopy

Jet ventilation is often used during laryngoscopy to permit improved visualization of the larynx and to eliminate a potentially flammable endotracheal tube when laser surgery of the airway is performed. Observation of chest wall movement and blood gas analysis are the usual standards for assessing the adequacy of ventilation during jet ventilation. It is reasonable to hypothesize that measurement of end-tidal CO2 concentrations during jet ventilation can be used to assess the adequacy of ventilation during jet ventilation. To test this hypothesis, end-tidal CO2 concentrations were determined during mechanical ventilation through an endotracheal tube and during jet ventilation. At the time that each end-tidal measurement was obtained, a sample of arterial blood was also obtained for later blood gas analysis. For both mechanical ventilation and jet ventilation, well defined relationships between end-tidal CO2 and arterial CO2 tensions were obtained. However, the relationships are distinct: the difference in arterial to end-tidal CO2 tension during supraglottic jet ventilation at a conventional respiratory rate was found to be 13.4 +/- 6.8 mm Hg (mean +/- SD) compared with 5.7 +/- 5.2 mm Hg obtained during conventional ventilation through an endotracheal tube.
Relationship among Location of T-Antigen-Induced DNA Distortion, Auxiliary Sequences, and DNA Replication Efficiency

T-antigen-induced DNA distortion was studied in a series of simian virus 40 (SV40) plasmid constructs whose relative replication efficiency ranges from 0.2 to 36. Bending was detected in the wild-type SV40 regulatory region consisting of three copies of the GC-rich 21-bp repeat but not in constructs with only one or two copies of the 21-bp repeat. In a construct with enhanced replication efficiency, bending occurred in a 69-bp cellular sequence located upstream of a single copy of the 21-bp repeat. Bending occurred both upstream of ori and in the three 21-bp repeats located downstream of ori in a construct with reduced replication efficiency. In a construct with no 21-bp repeats, DNA distortion occurred downstream of ori. The results indicate that SV40 DNA replication is enhanced when the structure of the regulatory region allows the DNA to form a bent structure upstream of the initial movement of the replication fork.
The Equivalence of Learning Paths in Early Science Instruction Effects of Direct Instruction and Discovery Learning

In a study with 112 third- and fourth-grade children, we measured the relative effectiveness of discovery learning and direct instruction at two points in the learning process: (a) during the initial acquisition of the basic cognitive objective (a procedure for designing and interpreting simple, unconfounded experiments) and (b) during the subsequent transfer and application of this basic skill to more diffuse and authentic reasoning associated with the evaluation of science-fair posters. We found not only that many more children learned from direct instruction than from discovery learning, but also that when asked to make broader, richer scientific judgments, the many children who learned about experimental design from direct instruction performed as well as those few children who discovered the method on their own. These results challenge predictions derived from the presumed superiority of discovery approaches in teaching young children basic procedures for early scientific investigations.
Contrasting Juvenile and Program-Level Impacts on Diversion Service Provision A Hierarchical Linear Analysis

This study examined juvenile risk and program characteristics' relative impact on the number of services provided to juveniles who exited Colorado diversion programs in the 1998-1999 fiscal year. Multivariate hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) analyses indicated program characteristics were generally stronger predictors of service provision than juvenile risk factors. However, some risk factors interacted with program characteristics to significantly predict service provision. Further examination of interaction effects revealed suggestions for successfully implementing modern rehabilitation models as well as for future evaluations of correctional programs. In particular, juvenile community corrections programs should enhance the breadth and depth of data collected for program evaluation and state audit purposes if administrators plan to demonstrate program efficacy.
Chiral Symmetry Breaking in Interfacial Fluids of Achiral Molecules

Chiral symmetry breaking in a fluid of achiral molecules at a liquid-solid interface was studied using atomistic molecular dynamics simulation. The molecules were achiral in three dimensions, but left- and right-handed forms could be distinguished in the reduced symmetry environment of an interfacial fluid. The system consisted of a thick fluid film in contact with a crystalline monolayer adsorbed to a solid surface. When molecules in the crystalline monolayer were arranged in uniformly chiral configurations, a homochiral enantiomeric excess developed in the adjacent interfacial fluid. Fluid properties were characterized through measurements of chiral, nematic, ferroelectric order parameters, and diffusion coefficients, as a function of distance from the interface. The emergence of chirality is attributed to fluid layering near the solid surface, suggesting that interfacial chirality is commonplace in fluids composed of molecules with certain symmetry characteristics.
Arachidonic acid, stearic acid, and diacylglycerol accumulation correlates with the loss of phosphatidylinositol 4,5‐bisphosphate in cerebrum 2 seconds after electroconvulsive shock: Complete reversion of changes 5 minutes after stimulation

The effects of electroconvulsive shock (750 msec, 130 V, 150 pps) on the endogenous content of rat cerebral lipids were studied 2, 5, 10, 20, 30, 60, and 300 sec after stimulation. Rapid enzyme inactivation in situ was attained by high-power head-focused microwave irradiation (6.5 kW, 2450 MHz). At 10 sec, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) mass had decreased by 249 nmol per g wet wt, mainly due to loss of arachidonate and stearate. At the same time, the stearoyl-arachidonoyl glycerol accumulated, although to a lesser extent than the loss exhibited in PIP2. Changes in phosphatidylinositol and in phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate mass were not statistically significant. Free fatty acids and diacylglycerols accumulated to 395 nmol per g wet wt; arachidonic and stearic acids composed 322 nmol of these lipids. Hence, the reduction in content of PIP2 is sufficient to account for 80% of the increases in free fatty acid and diacylglycerol mass. Thirty-three and 12 nmol of accumulated free palmitic and docosahexaenoic acids, respectively, are not accounted for by the loss of PIP2. Sixty seconds after stimulation, PIP2 content returned to 90% of control levels, while diacylglycerol tended to remain below control levels. Free fatty acids had not returned to control levels by 60 sec, with the exception of docosahexaenoic acid. At 300 sec, PIP2, diacylglycerol, and free fatty acids had all returned to control levels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Geochronologic Evidence for Paleozoic Plutonic Activity in Florida Mountains, New Mexico: ABSTRACT

Plutonic rocks of the Florida Mountains, New Mexico, have been mapped both as Precambrian and as Mesozoic. Corbitt and Woodward demonstrated that the Floridas are bisected by the southern Cordilleran thrust belt, and Brookins reported Precambrian Rb-Sr dates from south of the thrust for granitic rocks while alkali granites-syenites from north of the thrust yielded scattered, End_Page 681------------------------------ apparent dates ranging from Precambrian(?) to Paleozoic(?). R. E. Denison had earlier determined K-Ar and Rb-Sr mineral dates from the northern rocks to range from approximately 380 to 550 m.y.B.P., although these dates were considered spurious as plutonism in southern New Mexico has conventionally been assumed to be either Precambrian or Mesozoic-to-early Tertiary. Field relations for the northern block suggest some alkali granites-syenites are intrusive into the Bliss Formation (Cambrian-Ordovician) but younger than mid-to-late Paleozoic rocks, although the intrusive contacts have been questioned. New major and trace element chemical studies indicate a transition from alkali granite to syenite for the northern block and, more important, fresh material from drill cores has yielded Rb Sr whole rock ages of 378±19 m.y.B.P. (alkali granite suite) to 423±24 m.y.B.P. (syenite suite) with a composite date of 405±18 m.y.B.P. This age confirms Denison's work and argues for previously unrecognized Paleozoic plutonism in southern New Mexico, although it is not known at present whether this date represents a western extension of Ouachita-dates (i.e., parallel to the Texas lineament) or a separate, isolated event. Regardless, other apparent-Paleozoic dates from southern New Mexico must now be reexamined in light of the dates from the Floridas. End_of_Article - Last_Page 682------------
Place Attachment and Community Attachment: A Primer Grounded in the Lived Experience of a Community Sociologist

On the surface, the constructs of place attachment and community attachment appear to be quite similar; however, there are substantial differences between the multidisciplinary place literature and community sociology literature it comes from. For scholars trained in a relatively single-disciplinary area such as community sociology, the immensity and complexity of place literature can be difficult to navigate. This article is a primer on these two constructs, written from the perspective of a community sociologist. To give context to place attachment, an overview of the place literature is presented, including brief descriptions of various strands of place scholarship, along with the primary debates within the scholarship. Place attachment and related place concepts are introduced, followed by a brief review of the work on community attachment seen in community sociology. After contrasting the two, the overlap between constructs is discussed. The reader is left with suggestions for future work.
Apprehension, Memory, and Fluid Intelligence Decline in Adulthood:

The principal results of three separate studies are described within the context of a recent formulation of the theory of fluid (Gf) and crystalized (Gc) intelligence. The focus of the report is on the adulthood decline of Gf. This decline is found to be in the vicinity of between 3 and 7 IQ points per decade over a period between roughly 30 and 60 years of age. The studies were designed to indicate the extert to which this decline could be explained as due to aging defects in processes of sensory detection, immediate apprehension, short-term memory, en-coding organization, attentiveness, concentration, hypothesis generation, speediness, carefulness, and persistence. The results suggested that Gf decline is associated mainly with defects in processes of organizing information; becoming alert to new information; ignoring irrelevancies; concentrating, maintaining, and dividing attention; and holding information in working memory. It seems that Gf decline mainly reflects loss of capacity, but decrease in inc...
A dynamical polarization mode dispersion emulator

A polarization mode dispersion (PMD) emulator is presented which accurately follows the dynamics of PMD in field optical fiber. A modification on a dynamic mode coupling wave-plate model is presented to model the emulator. It is found that the emulator and model can accurately describe the dynamical behavior of the state of polarization and thus PMD in a field fiber. The emulator is shown to be repeatable. Generally, the dynamical PMD emulator is shown to cause more realistic bit-error-rate degradation than a classical PMD emulator.
Loss of WAVE-1 causes sensorimotor retardation and reduced learning and memory in mice

The Scar/WAVE family of scaffolding proteins organize molecular networks that relay signals from the GTPase Rac to the actin cytoskeleton. The WAVE-1 isoform is a brain-specific protein expressed in variety of areas including the regions of the hippocampus and the Purkinje cells of the cerebellum. Targeted disruption of the WAVE-1 gene generated mice with reduced anxiety, sensorimotor retardation, and deficits in hippocampal-dependent learning and memory. These sensorimotor and cognitive deficits are analogous to the symptoms of patients with 3p-syndrome mental retardation who are haploinsufficient for WRP/MEGAP, a component of the WAVE-1 signaling network. Thus WAVE-1 is required for normal neural functioning.
LIBERTARIANISM, LUCK, AND CONTROL

: This article critically examines recent work on free will and moral responsibility by Randolph Clarke, Robert Kane, and Timothy O’Connor in an attempt to clarify issues about control and luck that are central to the debate between libertarians (agent causationists and others) and their critics. It is argued that luck poses an as yet unresolved problem for libertarians.
Importance of blood pressure control over a 24-hour period.

BaCkgrO und : The circadian rhythm of blood pressure (BP) is associated with a high span during the awake period and a low span during the sleep period. Of interest is that cardiovascular (CV) events occur more frequently in the early morning period, the time when BP and heart rate rise steeply. OBjeCTIVe: To provide an overview of circadian BP and its correlation with adverse clinical outcomes and to discuss strategies for optimizing BP control over 24 hours. Summary : Patients who have an excessive morning surge in BP and those who lack the normal nocturnal BP fall (nondippers) have been shown to have an excessive incidence of strokes, heart failure, and other CV events. While there are numerous pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying abnor malities in the 24-hour BP profile, including abnormalities in sympathetic nervous system activity, salt and volume balance, and activation of the renin-angiotensin aldosterone system, for many patients the mechanisms remain unclear. nevertheless, several of these known abnormalities can be modified by clinical interventions, including proper timing of antihyper tensive drug therapy and use of classes of antihypertensives for which a substrate exists to induce a pharmacologic effect. It is particularly impor
Solving coupled 3-D paraxial wave and thermal diffusion equations with mixed-mode parallel computations

The application of parallel computational methods to the modeling of laser light interactions with a thermally self-induced inhomogeneous medium is described. In these processes, laser light dynamically changes the local refractive index through heat absorption, which in-turn alters the beam profile. The mathematical model couples the 3-D heat diffusion and paraxial wave equations resulting in a system of non-linear equations. An explicit, finite-difference method (FDM) for solving the heat diffusion equation is coupled with an implicit FDM solution of the paraxial wave equation. The reasons for choosing these schemes are presented, along with a mixed-mode parallelization method in which OpenMP is used for the explicit solver, and MPI for the implicit solver. Finally, convergence, stability, accuracy and code performance is presented.
Radiant heat systemic hyperthermia clinical trials.

Results of a Phase I study led our group to the conclusion that a radiant heat system provides a safe and effective method of inducing 41.8°C whole body hyperthermia (WBH) which is suitable for combination therapy. The review to follow summarizes our progress in combining WBH with other cancer-treatment modalities, including ionizing irradiation, chemotherapy and immunotherapy.
Abstract 350: The ‘Frequent Flyer’ Hypothesis and Increased Risk of Thirty Day Readmission after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Background: Thirty day readmission (30DR) post PCI is both prevalent and significant. These readmissions are associated with increased costs of care. Previous studies have shown comorbidities, socio-demographics, and angiographic characteristics as risk factors for readmission post PCI. However, unique factors such as prior frequent admissions and specifically its interaction with anxiety or depression as risk factors for readmission after PCI have not been studied. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 1,343 consecutive PCIs representing 1,256 patients from a single institution from February 1, 2012 to August 13, 2013. The primary outcome was 30DR post PCI. Secondary outcomes included 30DR for PCI, CABG, and acute systolic or diastolic heart failure. The independent variables were ‘number of prior admissions in the 12 months before PCI’ and history of ‘anxiety or depression’ based on an ICD9 diagnosis in the preceding 10 years. Negative binominal and logistic regression models were built to examine the association between ‘anxiety or depression’ diagnosis, number of prior admissions, and 30DR after adjusting for known covariates including: age, gender, admission status, prior CABG, CHF, chronic lung disease, peripheral artery disease, cardiogenic shock, renal function, and insurance. Results: Of the 1,343 PCIs, 30.6% were readmitted within 30 days. We observed a large prevalence of ‘anxiety or depression’ in patients undergoing PCI (439, 33%). The mean number of 30DR post PCI was higher at 0.55 for patients with anxiety or depression and 0.43 for patients without anxiety or depression (P=0.006). Prior admissions were a strong and independent risk factor for 30DR with OR 1.258 (95% CI 1.164 to 1.360, P<0.001). ‘Anxiety or depression’ was also an independent risk factor for 30DR with OR 1.384 (95% CI 1.056 to 1.814, P=0.019). Interestingly, patients with anxiety or depression did not have significantly different 30DR for PCI, CABG, acute systolic or diastolic CHF 0.093 (95% CI 0.068 to 0.128) vs. 0.087 (95% CI 0.070, 0.109) among patients without anxiety or depression (p=0.74). Conclusion: A prior history of frequent admissions and anxiety or depression diagnoses contribute significantly and independently towards 30DR post PCI, even after adjusting for traditional risk factors of readmissions. As such, they should be considered as important risk factors for post PCI readmission. Patients with diagnoses of anxiety or depression were not at increased risk of 30DR for cardiovascular events such as PCI, CABG or acute CHF. Future studies are needed to evaluate the role of treating anxiety and depression in patients at risk for frequent readmissions.
Reduced Oviposition by Ephialtes Ontario and Itoplectis quadricingulatus in a Humid Environment

Ephialtes Ontario (Cresson) and Itoplectis quadricingulatus (Provancher) females produced significantly fewer progeny at 100% RH than at 62% RH. Oviposition increased following a switch from 100% RH to 62% RH. The effect of the 100% RH on E. Ontario was due in part to delayed oogenesis. E. Ontario was more affected by the high humidity than I. quadricingulatus .
Comparative spatial variability in faunal composition along two Middle Devonian paleoenvironmental gradients

Previous studies of spatial patterns among fossil assemblages have demonstrated the utility of gradient analysis as an investigative tool in paleobiology. However, because lateral samples in these studies have routinely been widely spaced (commonly tens of kilometers apart), there is little sense of the degree to which faunas vary locally, relative to variation observed at larger scales along hypothesized transects. To address this concern, the present study assesses preserved macrofaunal spatial variability in composition among samples collected at both outcrop (small) and basinal (large) scales, along two onshore-off shore transects in the Middle Devonian Hamilton Group within the Appalachian Basin
Eurytoma Species from Mexico and Guatemala with Synonyms and Keys (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae)

Keys to 7 groups and 30 species of eurytomids from Mexico and Guatemala are given. All but 2 species are parasites of cynipid gall makers on oaks. Eurytoma compressa described originally from Mexico, phytophagous in seeds of Rhus virens, is redescribed on the basis of specimens from California from seeds of R. trilobata. Reasons for excluding Eurytoma tylodermatis, E. seminatrix, and Bruchophagus herrerae from the Mexican fauna are discussed while Eurytoma gossypii, parasite of Anthonomus grandis, is added. The following synonym are annotated. E. atrateges (= E. pilosa), E. aureata (= E. numerosa), and E. pusilla (= E. impar ).
Proline in Royal Jelly of Honey Bees1

Honey bees, Apis mellifera L., require the same 10 essential amino acids as rats (Auclair and Jamieson 1948, Weaver and Kuiken 1951, de Groot 1952). These amino acids are provided in the diet of honey bees by pollen. Interest in amino acids usually concerns dietary deficiencies, and deficiencies of amino acids in pollen have been reported by Dietz and Haydak (1965) and Herbert et al. (1970). The purpose of our report is to point out and to verify an unusual amino acid composition in the diet of queen bee larvae.
Study on Mini-cyclones Used in Ferrosilicon Electric Furnace Flue Gas Control and Recycling

Mini-cyclone is used to treat the problems existed in ferrosilicon electric furnace flue gas control and recycling.The classification features of mini-cyclone are studied to separate super-line powder about 1.0 μm from the ferrosilicon electric furnace flue gas.Three kinds of mini-cyclones at different flow rates are studied.The results show that classification efficiency in cyclone is related to stokes number and it is a linear function of stokes number in the Rosin-Rammler coordinates;when classifying at the entrance air speed of 15-25 m/s,the cutting diameter can reach 0.8 μm and it is small.Mini-cyclone is used for pretreatment in designing a rational technical flow while bag house filter can collect target powder and the final products can satisfy the requirement of the market.