cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Communication in the cancer 'bad news' consultation: patient perceptions and psychological adjustment.

The purpose of this study was to explore relationships between breast cancer survivors' experiences during the diagnostic consultation and their subsequent long-term psychological adjustment. Sixty women (M age=53 years) who had been diagnosed with local or regional breast cancer (Stage 0–IIIA) an average of 28 months prior were interviewed by telephone. Measures included: Cancer Diagnostic Interview Scale, Anxiety subscale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist – Civilian Version, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, and ad hoc items regarding memory for, and satisfaction with, the diagnostic consultation. After controlling for demographic and clinical variables, the three CDIS subscales accounted for 12% of the variance in women's PCL-C scores (F change=3.46, p −0.23, p 0.50). Findings suggest that women's perceptions of physicians' interpersonal skills during the diagnostic consultation are associated with later psychological adjustment. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Acetylation of human serum albumin by acetylsalicylic acid

Human serum albumin is acetylated when exposed to acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) under physiologic conditions in vitro. Indications are that a similar phenomenon occurs in vivo after ingestion of aspirin.
Measurement of the Type a Behavior Pattern by Self-Report Questionnaires: Several Perspectives on Validity:

The overall aim of this study was to evaluate the validity of the Type A behavior pattern as measured by paper-and-pencil questionnaires. Booklets containing the Jenkins Activity Survey, Framingham...
Fate of event hydrothermal plumes on the Juan de Fuca Ridge

Current meter moorings were deployed in August 1993 at the megaplume site of the June 1993 seismic event on the CoAxial segment of the Juan de Fuca Ridge and were recovered in April 1994. Record-averaged flow was about 2 cm/s across axis, which is sufficiently large to advect plumes off axis in a few days. During July two megaplumes (1800 m level) disappeared between repeated CTD tows. A deeper plume (2150 m) had a relatively strong signature during August and extended southeastward in agreement with the observed flow. A CTD tow along the east flank of Axial Volcano did not locate remnants of the megaplumes but did find deeper plumes which could have come from off-axis advection from the CoAxial sources followed by southward advection along the east side of ridge.
A case-control study of reproductive factors and renal cell carcinoma among black and white women in the United States

Objective Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) incidence is higher among blacks than whites in the United States and has been associated with the frequency and timing of childbirth among women in some epidemiologic studies. We investigated whether reproductive factors are associated with RCC, overall and by race, within a population-based case–control study.
Cucumber mosaic virus-tolerant transgenic tomato plants expressing a satellite RNA

A satellite RNA (T73-satRNA) gave reduced symptom severity on tomato plants when coinoculated with an ordinary strain of cucumber mosaic virus (CMVO). cDNA for T73-satRNA was introduced into a binary vector (pTOK162) through a homologous recombination in an Agrobacterium tumefaciens cell, and then transferred to leaf disks of tomato. Stable integration and transcription of the cDNA in the regenerants were verified by Southern and northern blot hybridizations, respectively. Upon inoculation with CMV-O, the transformants exhibited very slight symptoms of CMV, grew normally, and finally set fruits, whereas untransformed wildtype tomato plants showed very severe symptoms, and their growth was retarded and formed few fruits. Agarose gel electrophoresis of total RNA from CMV-O-inoculated transformants detected RNA molecules corresponding to T73-satRNA.
Caring and incapacity

This essay seeks to explain a morally important class of psychological incapacity—the class of what Bernard Williams has called “incapacities of character.” I argue for two main claims: (1) Caring is the underlying psychological disposition that gives rise to incapacities of character. (2) In competent, rational adults, caring is, in part, a cognitive and deliberative disposition. Caring is a mental state which disposes an agent to believe certain considerations to be good reasons for deliberation and action. And caring is a mental state which structures an agent’s practical deliberation, by establishing presumptive boundaries on the landscape of possibilities over which her deliberative imagination ranges. Incapacities of character are a consequence of the structure which these presumptive boundaries give to an agent’s deliberation.
The circulatory adjustments in polycythemia vera

Abstract 1. 1. Measurements of cardiac output by the acetylene method, and of related circulatory functions, have been made on six patients suffering from polycythemia vera, and studies of the blood gases have been made on one of these patients, as well as on another subject suffering from polycythemia vera. 2. 2. At a time when the amount of hemoglobin and the count of the red blood cells were increased above normal, the arteriovenous oxygen difference was increased, the cardiac output per beat and the cardiac index were decreased, and the oxygen content of both the arterial and venous blood was increased. Left ventricular work, cardiac size, basal metabolic rate, blood pressure, and other functions of the circulation studied showed no consistent variation from normal. When reduction of the level of hemoglobin and red blood cells occurred as a result of therapy, the arteriovenous oxygen difference decreased and the cardiac index and output per beat increased and attained normal values when the red blood cells and hemoglobin reached normal levels. There was a linear relationship between quantity of hemoglobin and number of red blood cells on the one hand, and the cardiac output and the cardiac index on the other. These changes in circulation may be compensatory mechanisms which spare the heart part of the burden of pumping and increased total volume of circulating blood having an increased viscosity at a normal velocity.
Grey literature online: the GLC experience

I can remember quite clearly the scene in the information officers' room at the Research Library in County Hall, the morning after the 1981 GLC elections—what an age ago it seems. There was the Members' information officer having a clear‐out, ditching piles of paper. ‘Airships—out! Olympic Games—out! CB radio—out!’ he sang as he bent with a will to his work. What he was doing was disposing of the bumph accumulated during the lifetime of the previous administration, reams of data collected for the benefit of the outgoing GLC, or acquired at the request of individual Members with bees in their bonnets about one subject or another, who had now fallen in battle. At the same time as the detritus of the previous four years was being swilled away, other hands were already bending to the task of assiduously garnering more bumph on the new ‘in’ topics—control of the police, ethnic minorities, cheap fares. And it is possible that in about three years from now we will be engaged in precisely the same operation in reverse. It's a slightly fanciful picture, but it is a fair comment on the way we operate; not so much ‘expand or die’ (though we do that when we can) as ‘respond or die’. The new administration, of whatever political colour, has its own new ideas that it wants to put into operation as quickly as possible, and it's our job to provide the necessary supporting information as rapidly as we can. What has gone before is largely so much water under the bridge. That's how we view our terms of reference.
Child allies: A staffing technique in children's residential programs

The authors describe a child-ally system in a residential mental health program serving children and adolescents. The strength of the approach is that it helps the child care worker structure and arrange in priority the numerous component tasks present in residential care.
Involutions on 8r+2-spin manifolds

Abstract For any closed Spin manifold M8r+2 of dimension 8r+2, there is an associated symmetric bilinear form. In a recent paper, Landweber and Stong showed that the rank of this form is given by the Stiefel-Whitney number w4w8r−2[M]. Here we consider the relationship between this number and the involutions on M, determining w4w8r−2[M] in terms of certain fixed point data. As one special case, if we let F8∗+4 denote the fixed point components of dimension≡ 4 (mod8), we prove: If (T,M) is an involution of odd-type, then w 4 w 8r−2 [M] = χ(F 8∗+4 ) .
The relationship between roosting ecology and degree of polygyny in harem-forming bats: perspectives from Cynopterus

Within the broad continuum of polygyny, the mating systems of harem-forming bats exhibit a high degree of interspecific diversity and intraspecific variation. Here, I review the social structure and mating systems of 4 nominal species in the Old World fruit bat genus Cynopterus, and explore the relationship between roosting ecology, the size and stability of female groups, and variation in degree of polygyny. Intraspecific comparisons for C. brachyotis Sunda and C. sphinx suggest that the distribution and availability of suitable roost sites has a strong influence on the dispersion of females among males. Examination of paternity data for C. sphinx demonstrates a direct relationship between the environmental potential for polygyny and variance in male reproductive success: a 2-fold increase in mean harem size due to reduction in roost availability produces a 2-fold increase in reproductive skew among males. However, in C. brachyotis Sunda, C. sphinx, and C. horsfieldii, low fidelity of females to roosts or males is consistent, regardless of roost dispersion or permanence. In contrast, female C. brachyotis Forest exhibit high short-term fidelity to males, despite low roost fidelity. It is proposed that female lability is influenced by the distribution of potential mates and the benefits of multiple mating and, in C. brachyotis Sunda and C. sphinx, is likely to promote both behavioral and cryptic female choice, and male sperm competition.
Electronic structure of Si(111) surfaces

Abstract The relation of surface states and surface core levels to the surface geometry is discussed for Si(111) surfaces by comparing photoemission and inverse photoemission results with calculations for different geometries. It is shown that several sets of recent angle-resolved photoemission data for Si(111)-(2 × 1) and Si(111)-(7 × 7) are very similar to each other despite the fact that they have been interpreted in terms of different geometries. This indicates that no unique conclusions about the surface geometry can be drawn from the surface electronic structure. At present, only the traditional ionic buckling models can be ruled out rather safely. New information about unoccupied urface states in the gap of Si(111)-(7 × 7) is obtained from inverse photoemission data. The quenching behavior of occupied surface states under hydrogen exposure shows an unexpected band narrowing which helps identify the origin of surface state bands from the energy level of a localized state at 0.2 eV below the valence band maximum.
Testing for a separation between two normal distributions

Three tests are proposed for testing for a specified degree of overlap between two normal distributions, The hypotheses considered are an extension of the Behrens-Fisher problem, A simulation study of the performance of the tests is presented.
A simple membrane fractionation method for determining the distribution of radioactivity in chemical fractions of Bacillus cereus.

A method has been devised for the rapid determination of the distribution of a labeled precursor in the chemical fractions of Bacillus cereus. The procedure involves the extraction of the cell by selective reagents, followed by filtration through collodion membranes. The distribution was then calculated by difference. By the use of suitable radioactive precursors for protein, DNA, and RNA, it was possible to examine and adapt the classical fractionation methods of Schmidt and Thannhauser and of Schneider to the membrane filter method. Complete fractionations were carried out simply and reproducibly on a few milliliters of bacterial suspension, containing less than 0.5 mg dry weight of material.
Strategic Analysis of Corporate Software Piracy Prevention and Detection

In this article, we investigate the prevention and detection of corporate software piracy, which is a serious concern to the software industry but that has received scant attention in the extant body of software piracy research. The strategic interaction between corporations that may consider piracy and the software coalition that investigates them, is represented by a one-period game theoretic model. Our analysis focuses on 2 scenarios distinguished by the type of information technology infrastructure (centralized vs. decentralized) used in the corporations. Under both scenarios, we identify equilibrium strategies and perform sensitivity analysis with respect to model parameters. Among other results, the sensitivity analysis suggests that a stricter penalty regime and higher level of compensatory damages to the software coalition are beneficial, whereas higher auditing costs and poor control structures to prevent software piracy are detrimental to the software industry's bottom line. We also found that t...
Single-layer microfluidic current source via optofluidic lithography

This work marks the first use of in-situ photopolymerization to create single-layer microfluidic devices which serve as ultra-low Reynolds Number (Re) current sources to regulate fluid flow rate independent of operating pressures. Autonomous fluidic components are an emerging aspect of micro/nanofluidic circuits and applications; however, many existing fluidic applications require specific pressure and/or flow rate conditions to perform optimally, and many require complex and expensive fabrication procedures. Here we introduce single-layer microfluidic system which utilize a spring and piston system - fabricated in situ via optofluidic lithography - to passively constrain fluid flow rate to a value independent of operating pressure. Experimental results revealed controlled flow rates of 29.2 ± 0.8 µl/min (from P = 50–100 mbar) and a maximum small-signal resistivity of 141.1 mbar-min/µl, which represents the highest performance for a low-pressure microfluidic current source.
Transverse Standing Waves in a Nonuniform Line and their Empirical Verifications

We consider a one-dimensional elastic line with a linear varying density. Utilizing a Computer Algebra System (CAS), such as Mathematica symbolically we solve the equation describing progressive transverse waves yielding standing waves. For a set of suitable parameters the numeric mode of Mathematica displays and animates vibrating normal modes bringing the vibrations to life. We tailor a device that mimics the characteristics of the non-linearity; experimentally we explore its integrity.
N-(3-Phenylpropyl)guanidinium bromide

N-(3-Phenyl­prop­yl)guanidinium bromide, C10H16N3+·Br−, was synthesized by the reaction of 2-ethyl-2-pseudourea hydro­bromide with 3-phenyl-1-propyl­amine. N—H⋯Br hydrogen bonds stabilize the bromide anions in channels along the c axis.
Reflections on the Teaching of Religion in America

RECENTLY, the new editor of this journal asked me if I would be willing to set down my reflections on the "pace and character of change in the study of religion in American higher education" on the assumption, presumably, that my own zig-zag career from department of religion (four years) to seminary (ten years) back to department of religion must have been accompanied if not motivated by some opinions regarding the state of the discipline. At first, I was reluctant to accept the invitation. Although my recent departure from a theological seminary did, indeed, reflect some convictions about the field, it was rooted, like all such decisions, as much in my own personal interests and concerns as it was in some more abstract beliefs about this field. I did not see how I could disentangle these personal reasons from the more abstract considerations. But not to do so, involved me in a question of taste. To do so, however, would be to give a somewhat unreal account of the matter. Moreover, I particularly wanted to avoid giving any suggestion that I regarded my move as reflecting the view one hears frequently these days in department of religion circles, namely, that the future of scholarship in religion belongs to the university rather than to the divinity school. As I reflected on this latter issue, it occurred to me that my reasons for resisting having my decision so interpreted might itself prove interesting to some readers, and so I accepted the invitation. But when I put the matter in this fashion, it seemed that I could scarcely avoid being more autobiographical than suited my taste. I have tried to check this tendency by concentrating upon matters of intellectual autobiography, so to speak, and by eliminating any reference to those concrete personal reasons that were involved. This gives my account a more rationally consistent character than
Imidazoline receptor proteins are regulated in platelet-precursor MEG-01 cells by agonists and antagonists

The I1-imidazoline receptor is a novel brainstem modulator of sympathetic outflow that is elevated on platelets and in brains of depressed patients. A positive correlation has been reported (accompanying manuscript) between plasma norepinephrine (NE) concentrations and the densities (Bmax) of platelet I1 binding sites (I1 sites). I1-candidate proteins of 33 kDa and 85 kDa are now identified on Western blots probed with anti-imidazoline receptor antiserum (IRBP antiserum), that correlate with Bmax values for I1 sites. Furthermore, a human megakaryoblastoma cell line (MEG-01) has been used to study the regulation of these proteins on megakaryocytic cells, while bovine adrenal chromaffin cells provide a standard I1 cell type for comparison. Both the 33 kDa and 85 kDa IRBP-immunoreactive bands were enriched in plasma membrane fractions. IRBP antiserum did not cross-react with I2 imidazoline binding sites located on platelet mitochondrial membranes. The 85 kDa band was enhanced under conditions lacking fetal bovine serum (FBS) from the culture medium 6 h prior to harvesting. Conversely, 33 kDa protein was enhanced on MEG-01 cells grown in the presence of 10% FBS; suggesting that a precursor (85 kDa) and product (33 kDa) relationship might be induced by serum. The 85 kDa band was robustly up-regulated in response to imidazoline receptor-sensitive ligands; moxonidine, idazoxan and agmatine (10 microM each for 6 h). NE also up-regulated the 85 kDa IRBP-immunoreactive protein on MEG-01 membranes, but to a lesser extent. Idazoxan, an imidazoline alpha 2-antagonist, off-set its induction of 85 kDa protein by reducing the 33 kDa band. Yohimbine, a non-imidazoline alpha 2-antagonist, was ineffective alone, or in combination with moxonidine (up to 40 microM), but yohimbine blocked NE's induction of the 85 kDa band. Therefore, a rise in either plasma NE and/or endogenous I-site ligands (i.e. agmatine) could explain an elevation of imidazoline receptors observed in depression.
Structure of the inner core boundary

Abstract A model of the inner-core boundary (ICB) is constructed which is consistent with current ideas of the dynamic and thermodynamic state of the core and which is capable of reflecting seismic waves with period of one second. This requires the mass fraction of solid below the ICB to grow to an appreciable fraction in roughly one kilometer. This rapid growth of solid with depth is a result of downward fluid flow from the outer core which is a part of the convective motions which sustain the geodynamo. The solid which crystallizes from this descending fluid after it crosses the ICB continually coats the dendrites which occur there. The gradual cooling of the outer core causes the ICB to advance by growth of dendrites at their tips. The balance of these two effects gives an equilibrium profile for the mass fraction of solid with depth below the ICB which is capable of yielding sharp reflection of seismic waves.
Computational analysis of the specificity of 16S rRNA-derived signature sequences for identifying food-related microbes

Abstract The efficacy of oligonucleotide-based molecular diagnostics for the identification of food-related microbes is critically dependent on the sequences of the gene probes or amplification primers used. Computational specificity analysis was used to evaluate and compare the apparent specificity of ribosomal small subunit (SSU)-derived signature sequences from a wide range of food-related microbes. Nine signature sequences were obtained from the SSU sequences of each of 40 species, the apparent specificity of each signature sequence was determined by using the Ribosomal Database Project (RDP) microbial SSU dataset. Use of the RDP database made it possible to compare results from a phylogenetically heterogeneous group of microbes. At least one species-specific signature sequence was found for 39 of the 40 species. Signature sequences derived from the SSU V1 and V2 variable regions were the most specific. The apparent specificity of each of 77 SSU-based identification sequences obtained from the literature was also tested. Although a relatively large number of the published sequences were either non-specific or could not be matched to homologous sequences in the RDP database, most species-specific published sequences also originated from the V1 and V2 variable regions. These results show that computational specificity analysis and sequence databases can be used to assess and compare the specificity of SSU-derived signature sequences for any food-related microbe, but that the addition of new sequences to the databases necessitates periodic reassessment of specificity.
Nonlinear boundary value problems and operators TT

We consider nonlinear boundary value problems of the type Lƒ + Nƒ = 0 for the existence of solutions. It is assumed that L is a 2nth-order linear differential operator in the real Hilbert space S = L2[a, b] which admits a decomposition of the form L = TT∗ where T is an nth-order linear differential operator and N is a nonlinear operator defined on a subspace of S. The decomposition of L induces a natural decomposition of the generalized inverse of L. Using the method of “alternative problems,” we split the boundary value problem into an equivalent system of two equations. The theory of monotone operators and the theory of nonlinear Hammerstein equations are then utilized to consider the solvability of the equivalent system.
The obstacles against reaching the highest level of Aristotelian friendship online

The ubiquity of online social networks has led to the phenomena of having friends that are known only through online interaction. In many cases, no physical interaction has taken place, but still people consider each other friends. This paper analyzes whether these friendships would satisfy the conditions of Aristotle’s highest level of friendship–what he calls perfect friendship. Since perfect friendship manifests through a shared love of virtue, physical proximity would seem to be unnecessary at first glance. However, I argue that the nature of online interaction may preclude us from fully recognizing the virtues and vices in others to the degree necessary for perfect friendship to occur. As such, online friendships face significant obstacles against moving beyond utility or pleasure, and this has important repercussions for online interaction more generally.
Beginning First Graders'"Invented Spelling" Ability and Their Performance in Functional Classroom Writing Activities.

Abstract A procedure was designed and used for quickly and informally assessing young children's knowledge of letter-sound correspondences using an “invented spelling” task. The procedure is described in detail for adaptation and use by others. The emphasis is on obtaining information for use in classrooms where children's experimentation with, and individual progress in, writing are encouraged. Results with one class of beginning first graders are described in terms of class percentages of words and word parts spelled conventionally and in other systematic ways. Four children's performances are analyzed separately as examples of different stages of awareness. Functional writing activities in this first-grade class are described. Samples from the four children's classroom writing are compared with their performances during the assessment procedure.
Solute transport resistance at the octanol-water interface

Abstract A rotating diffusion cell has been used to determine the kinetics and thermodynamics associated with the transport of methyl nicotinate (3-pyridine-carboxylic acid, methyl ester) across an aqueous phase/ n -octanol liquid-liquid interface. The selection of the organic phase reflects the frequent successful use of octanol to simulate the properties of biomembranes and biophases in general. Hence the experiments are designed to probe, under carefully controlled conditions in the laboratory, a physicochemical event common to passive membrane transport and other pharmaceutically relevant partitioning processes. The results demonstrate that a significant free energy input is required for interfacial transfer and that the enthalpic and entropic contributions to the barrier depend upon the direction of partitioning. The kinetics of the liquid-liquid transfer process imply that interfacial transport has the potential to be rate-limiting in many biological and pharmaceutical systems.
An efficient anti-aliasing spectral continuous window shifting technique for PIV

A new sub-pixel correlation peak locating algorithm for PIV analysis is introduced. The method is theoretically consistent with the method of continuously shifting interrogation sub-windows by fractional displacements, which has proven to be an effective way to reduce the bias error associated with integer pixel aliasing, or ‘peak-locking’. However the proposed algorithm performs continuous window shifting in the spatial frequency domain using the ‘shift’ property of the Fourier transform, thus it is equivalent to interpolating the original digital image with the Fourier transform reconstruction. Synthetic and real PIV images are used to test the new algorithm’s performance relative to that of traditional (non-iterative) peak-finding methods and other peak-locking reduction algorithms, such as the continuous window shifting technique. The resultant bias error of the proposed algorithm is smaller (by an order of magnitude in some cases), and importantly, the periodic nature of the bias error, the characteristic signature of ‘peak-locking’, is eliminated as long as the discrete particle images have been sampled at a rate greater than the Nyquist sampling frequency. Moreover, this new algorithm is shown to be computationally efficient and it converges faster than the competing algorithms.
Alvimopan for postoperative ileus.

Purpose. The efficacy, safety, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, drug–drug interactions, and administration of alvimopan for postoperative ileus are reviewed. Summary. Alvimopan is a selective μ-opioid receptor antagonist with no central nervous system activity. When orally administered after partial small- or large-bowel resection in patients with primary anastomosis, alvimopan shortened the return of bowel function and time to discharge by approximately one day without compromising analgesia. Alvimopan was not shown to be beneficial on these same outcomes after hysterectomy and has not been studied in other surgical populations. Alvimopan is generally well tolerated, with the frequency of adverse events being similar to placebo when used postoperatively for one week or less. Long-term studies of alvimopan in opioid-induced bowel dysfunction have shown an association with adverse cardiovascular outcomes, neoplasms, and fractures. Because of these concerns, the Entereg Access Support and Education program was developed. The recommended dosage of alvimopan is 12 mg administered with a sip of water 30 minutes to five hours before surgery, followed by 12 mg twice daily beginning the day after surgery for a maximum of seven days, 15 total doses, or until discharge. There is a limited amount of pharmacoeconomic analysis concerning alvimopan. Conclusion. Alvimopan, a peripherally acting μ-opioid receptor antagonist, is a novel agent for the treatment of postoperative ileus. It appears to decrease the duration of postoperative ileus and hospitalization by approximately one day, theoretically offsetting its acquisition costs. Unresolved long-term safety issues, a limited indication, and its restricted-access program are likely to hinder its widespread use in the surgical population.
Planar defects induced by heavy-ion irradiation

Abstract Irradiation of high Tc superconductors by heavy ions generates amorphous columns. The creation of the columnar defects in YBa2CU3O7-δ often leads to the formation of wing-like planar faults attached to the columns. Such planar faults, which were characterized by electron microscopy combining nano-probe chemical analysis and high-resolution imaging and image simulation, were found to have various local structures. The majority of faults consists of one or two extra CuO planes inserted at the location of the original CuO single layer, resulting in a local structure of YBa2Cu4O8(124) or YBa2Cu5O9(125). Since these faults are chemical faults and are often bounded by sessile dislocations, the existence of such defects supports the idea that the formation of the amorphous columns involves partial epitaxial regrowth of the ion-induced molten region upon the heavy-ion irradiation.
Quality-oriented teamwork resolves aerospace manufacturer's critical path tooling crisis

Faced with the loss of a supply of essential aircraft parts, an aerospace manufacturer took rapid steps to clarify and communicate the problem and organize a cross-functional team of experts to address it. Working within a quality-focused framework, they brainstormed a number of viable options and then systematically reviewed each to identify the one that would meet all production, cost, scheduling, and customer service requirements, while keeping all stakeholders abreast of developments. In the end, they redesigned critical processes so that the parts supply operation could be transferred to a local site at modest cost, thus ensuring uninterrupted production and the attainment of the company's financial and quality objectives. For its efforts, the team earned an International Team Excellence silver-level award from the American Society for Quality in 2010. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
What Does It Take? California County Funding Requests for Recovery-Oriented Full Service Partnerships Under the Mental Health Services Act

The need to move mental health systems toward more recovery-oriented treatment modes is well established. Progress has been made to define needed changes but evidence is lacking about the resources required to implement them. The Mental Health Services Act (MHSA) in California was designed to implement more recovery-oriented treatment modes. We use data from county funding requests and annual updates to examine how counties budgeted for recovery-oriented programs targeted to different age groups under MHSA. Findings indicate that initial per-client budgeting for Full Services Partnerships under MHSA was maintained in future cycles and counties budgeted less per client for children. With this analysis, we begin to benchmark resource allocation for programs that are intended to be recovery-oriented, which should be evaluated against appropriate outcome measures in the future to determine the degree of recovery-orientation.
Fee Disclosure at a Cost

A commentary on “Financial Side Effects: Why Patients Should Be Informed of Costs,” by Alicia Hall, in the May-June 2014 issue.
Kinetic induction of oat shoot pulvinus invertase mRNA by gravistimulation and partial cDNA cloning by the polymerase chain reaction

An asymmetric (top vs. bottom halves of pulvini) induction of invertase mRNA by gravistimulation was analyzed in oat shoot pulvini. Total RNA and poly(A)+ RNA, isolated from oat pulvini, and two oligonucleotide primers, corresponding to two conserved amino acid sequences (NDPNG and WECPD) found in invertase from other species, were used for the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A partial length cDNA (550 bp) was obtained and characterized. A 62% nucleotide sequence homology and 58% deduced amino acid sequence homology, as compared to β-fructosidase of carrot cell wall, was found. Northern blot analysis showed that there was an obviously transient induction of invertase mRNA by gravistimulation in the oat pulvinus system. The mRNA was rapidly induced to a maximum level at 1 h after gravistimulation treatment and gradually decreased afterwards. The mRNA level in the bottom half of the oat pulvinus was significantly higher than that in the top half of the pulvinus tissue. The kinetic induction of invertase mRNA was consistent with the transient accumulation of invertase activity during the graviresponse of the pulvinus. This indicates that the expression of the invertase gene(s) could be regulated by gravistimulation at the transcriptional level. Southern blot analysis showed that there were two to three genomic DNA fragments which hybridized with the partial-length invertase cDNA.
Estimating the ozone-forming potential of urban trees and shrubs

Abstract A method is presented for estimating the ozone-forming potential of biogenic hydrocarbon emissions from trees and shrubs, using the California South Coast Air Basin (SoCAB) as a case study. Hourly isoprene and monoterpenes emission rates for 308 tree and shrub species found in the SoCAB were combined with diurnal temperature and light intensity data for a representative summer day in the SoCAB to develop daily emission rates. These daily emission rates for each species were then normalized to a per tree basis using vegetation class biomass factors derived from reported leaf mass constants and tree canopy volumes. The ozone-forming potential for each of the tree and shrub species was estimated by combining the daily per tree emission rates with published maximum incremental reactivities (MIRs) for isoprene and monoterpenes. The resulting ranking of trees by ozone-forming potential can be used in tree species selection for future large-scale tree planting programs, and provides a more appropriate basis for selection than using only mass emissions of biogenic hydrocarbons.
Naloxone alters alcohol drinking induced in the rat by tetrahydropapaveroline (THP) infused ICV.

Abstract In male rats of the Sprague-Dawley or Long-Evans strain, intracerebroventricular (ICV) cannulae were implanted permanently using stereotaxic techniques. Tetrahydropapaveroline (THP) was infused ICV for up to 14 days either chronically around the clock or acutely once per day in doses previously found to induce an abnormally high intake of alcohol. During these periods, alcohol preference for individual rats was determined by a self-selection procedure in which the concentration of alcohol was increased from 3 to 30% on each day of a 12-day interval. Those rats which displayed a substantial increase in their intake of alcohol were selected for naloxone treatment and subsequently assigned a fixed concentration of alcohol at which maximum consumption occurred. Naloxone was administered subcutaneously two to six times per day for three consecutive days in total daily doses ranging from 1.5 to 3.0 mg/kg. Each rat served as its own control and was given 0.9% saline isovolumetrically according to the same temporal schedule. Naloxone generally suppressed alcohol intake in animals by 20% to 45%, but the reduction in drinking depended upon the injection regimen as well as the prior level of alcohol consumption. In “high drinking” rats, the mean alcohol intake of 6.2 g/kg/day was reduced to 3.7 g/kg/day by naloxone whereas in “low drinkers” the mean intake of 3.5 g/kg/day was suppressed to 2.8 g/kg/day by the opiate antagonist. These results further support the suggestion of a possible opiate receptor link in the pathogenesis and maintenance of aberrant drinking of alcohol, the mechanism of which may involve the endogenous action of an amine-aldehyde condensation product in the brain.
Applications of nuclear quadrupole resonance spectroscopy to metal complexes

Abstract Nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) spectroscopy provides information on the ground state charge distribution about a quadrupolar nucleus, because the NQR spectrum is determined by the components of the electric field gradient (EFG) tensor. Metal complexes may be studied via NQR methods by observation of the spectra of quadrupolar metal nuclei. Interpretation of the data in terms of metal-ligand interactions is often difficult because of the large number of counterbalancing contributions. The NQR spectra of ligand nuclei can often provide a more direct access to details of the metal-ligand bonding. It has recently become possible to study the 14 N NQR spectra of coordinated nitrogen, and a substantial body of data for several nitrogen-containing ligands has been obtained. These NQR results can be interpreted in terms of the “coordinated nitrogen” model, an adaptation of the Townes-Dailey model. Using this approach it is possible to obtain an estimate of the population of the nitrogen donor orbital directed toward the metal ion or other Lewis acid. Thus the NQR experiment provides information on the extent of charge transfer from the ligand to the Lewis acid center in the ground electronic state.
Low ventilatory and anesthetic drug requirements during myocardial revascularization in a hypothyroid patient

T HERE IS DOCUMENTATION in the literature of severe, sometimes life-threatening complications during and after anesthesia and surgery in hypothyroid patients.“5Anesthetic considerations in these patients include: Extreme sensitivity to depressant drugs; hypodynamic cardiovascular system with decreased cardiac output secondary to a reduction of heart rate and stroke volume; slowed biotransformation of drugs, particularly narcotics; unresponsive baroreceptor reflexes; decreased intravascular volume; impaired ventilatory response to arterial hypoxemia and/or alterations of the partial pressure of carbon dioxide; delayed gastric emptying; impaired clearance of free water; hypothermia; anemia; hypoglycemia; and, primary adrenal insufficiency.6 These patients are of greater-than-average risk for anesthesia and surgery. They have an increased sensitivity to anesthetic drugs and their postoperative course may be complicated by delayed awakening, coma, cardiovascular crisis, impaired thermoregulation, problems with diuresis, ileus, and a higher incidence of infections.“’ Increased receptor sensitivity and decreased drug metabolism are present and are attributable to the deficiency of thyroid hormone in the target tissues. Other, non-drug-related adverse effects are probably due to the multi-system pathology in this disease.’ Hypothyroid patients with co-existent cardiac disease represent an interesting pathophysiologic group.8*9 Although cardiac operations are now performed in this patient group, the number of cardiac operations in patients with documented hypothyroidism is relatively small.9~‘o One reason might be that hypothyroid patients with coronary artery disease have a lower incidence of angina and myocardial infarc-
Multilateralism, Bilateralism, and Regime Design

Different international regimes are built from legal instruments that vary in terms of whether they are multilateral, bilateral, or a combination thereof. We investigate the reasons for such variation. The choice between multilateralism and bilateralism is a function of the tradeoff between each instrument's relative flaw. Multilateralism is wasteful in incentives, as the same agreement is offered to all states regardless of their compliance costs. Bilateralism mitigates this problem by allowing for more tailored agreements but in the process multiplies transaction costs by requiring many of them. We use a formal model to generate propositions on the design of “lateralism” and the related issue of membership size and offer illustrations in the context of four regimes: foreign direct investment, human rights, climate change, and international trade.
Reliability and Validation of a Psychiatric Assessment Instrument for the Hospital Treatment of Adults

A psychiatric instrument, the Clinical Assessment Inventory, is an integral part of a comprehensive hospital treatment program for adults based upon behavioral technology ( 2 ) . The inventory was designed to provide a daily, quantitative, behavioral assessment of patients' progress when completed twice daily by nursing staff, once by the day shift and once by the evening shift. Each patient is observed during regularly scheduled nursing rounds and rated as to presence or absence of 50 sub-categories of behavior, yielding a total score range for the entire day of 0 to 100 points. Major categories are general appearance, orientation, inferred mood, speech form, speech content, social interaction, room maintenance, program cooperation, program participation, and global rating. The total score determines to which of three levels of therapeutic activities and privileges the patient will be assigned the day following. Daily staff review of the individual items pinpoints specific behaviors to be targeted clinically for individually tailored, treatment planning. Independent observations and ratings of 10 patients in a private, acute, psychiatric hospital were made by pairs of nursing staff during day and evening shifts for five successive weekdays. Average percentage agreement for the day shift was 88.4 and for the evening shift was 88.6. Average reliabiliry for the day shift was .852 and for the evening shift was .853. The correlation between scores on Day 2 and Day 3 of hospitalization for 100 patients was .945. Observer reliability and stability of total scores are adequate for this inventory to be used as a clinical and a research instrument. As a preliminary external test of validity, patients were administered the Short Clinical Rating Scale ( 1 ) on the day prior to discharge from the hospital. Correlation with Clinical Assessment Inventory scores on char day was ,774 ( p > .001, df = 98) . The rating scale has primarily been utilized in research to assess patients' progress through observation by nursing staff; whereas, the inventory is designed primarily as an integrated programmatic instrument. Preliminary assessment of validity and reliability indicates potential for use in research with acute, adult psychiatric patients.
When one is better than two.

Cordblood (CB) iswidely used as an alternative source of hematopoietic stem cells for donors lacking a suitable human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched donor. However, a single CB unit does not contain sufficient cells to transplant an adult donor, which is why many centers infuse two CB units to improve engraftment and survival rates (1,2). Others have sought to increase the number of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) in the CB unit by ex vivo expansion. Recently, Boitano et al. (3) identified a purine derivative (SR1) in a screening of a library of 100,000 heterocycles. SR1 is an of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) antagonist that preserved human HSPC phenotype and function. In this issue ofCytotherapyCarlin et al. picked up this lead and screened theHSPC-protective effect of two further AHR antagonist: AHR antagonist (AhRA) (4) and 30,40-dimethoxyflavone (DMF) (5). They first explored whether these previously untested compounds preserved the immature phenotype of isolated human CD34þ cells in cultures enriched with stem cell factor, thrombopoietin, interleukin 6, and Flt-3 ligand. In a dose-finding study for optimal yield of adult and neonatal CD34þ cells, they showed significant cell expansion after 2 weeks in culture with AhRA: an average of 138-fold for CB CD34þ cells and 6-fold for adult donor CD34þ cells, both retaining significant proportions of CD34þ cells. Next, these two week cultures of CD34þ cells were induced to differentiate into thymocytes using OP9-delta-like 1 cells, a culture system previously shown to support human thymopoiesis in vitro (6). Indeed, CD4þCD8þ thymocytes were generated from the CD34þ cells pre-expanded with AhRA for two weeks, suggesting that this AHR antagonist preserved lymphopoietic capacity ofCD34þ cells. Overall, the data suggest that these commercially available AHR antagonists maintain the immature phenotype and function of CD34þ cells. The clinical implication of these findings is that either compound can be used to pre-expand HSPC from CB units to
Hydrostatic pressure effects on rabbit and echinoderm myosin ATPase

Abstract When saturated with ATP, sea cucumber myosin hydrolyzes ATP about 15 times more slowly than rabbit myosin, as expected from the slower contraction time of the muscle. The Arrhenius plots coincide at low temperatures, but only the rabbit plot changes slope at higher temperatures. This unexpected change in slope apparently results from the use of veronal buffer. At high substrate concentrations in veronal buffer, the enzymatic activities of the two proteins depend identically on calcium ion and on pH. The two myosins are equally inhibited by pressure at low pH and activated at high, suggesting that structural features common to the two enzymes are responsible for pressure sensitivity and its pH dependence.
Advanced Sub-Model for Airblast Atomizers

A three-dimensional viscous stability analysis has been carried out to model airblast atomization. The model considers an annular liquid sheet downstream of an airblast atomizer and incorporates essential features, such as three-dimensional disturbances, liquid viscosity, innerand outerair swirl, and e nite e lm thickness. Effects of axial velocity, air swirl, and liquid viscosity on the growth rates of various disturbance modes have been examined in detail.Ithasbeenfoundthatincreasingtherelativeaxialvelocitybetweentheliquid andthegasphasessignie cantly improves the fuel atomization. The inner and outer air moving together enhances the instability of the liquid sheet more signie cantly than only the inner or outer air. When air swirl is absent, theaxisymmetricmode dominates the breakup process of the liquid sheet. Liquid viscosity is found to have a twofold effect: reduce the growth rates of unstable waves and shift the dispersion diagram toward long waves. Air swirl not only promotes the instability of theliquidsheet,butalso switchesthedominantmodefrom theaxisymmetricmodetoahelicalmode.Acombination of the inner and outer air swirl improves airblast atomization more signie cantly than a single air swirl.
Very long-lived doubly vibrationally excited states above dissociation threshold: non-RRKM behavior in model triatomic systems

Abstract For couplings and mass ratios appropriate to molecules such as H 2 O, D 2 O, and CH 2 large volumes of the classical vibrational phase space are found to be non-dissociating even well above threshold. Fully quantum calculations yield families of exceptionally long-lived quantum states corresponding to these trapped volumes.