cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A New Classification of Electric Power System Information and Rationality Evaluation Based on Automatic Control Theory

We consider the information sharing, distributed processing and interoperating caused by different Standards and information models in this paper. For various parts of Power Grid such as generation, transmission, transformation and etc. A division method based on automatic control theory is proposed. With the large quantity collection of electric power production, operation and control information, we classify the information to the 4 categories and 12 sub-categories. The Quality Function Deployment (QFD) method is introduced as an innovative usage for evaluating the classification results, which is widely used in the procedure area of production. The division method for the information of power system is proved to be novel and the classification results can be used as the fundamental research of united power information model for further Smart Grid.
Good solutions to discrete noxious location problems via metaheuristics

An implementation of simulated annealing and tabu search is described for discrete versions of two noxious facility location problems —p-dispersion andp-defense-sum. A series of computational experiments leading to good choices of the parameters that drive simulated annealing and tabu search are presented for a 33-node data set. Using these parameter settings, the performance of simulated annealing and tabu search are compared to a semi-greedy heuristic for thirty randomly generated 25-node data sets.
Five-year trajectories of social networks and social support in older adults with major depression.

Background: Research with nondepressed adults suggests that social networks and social support are stable over the life course until very late age. This may not hold true for older adults with depression. We examined baseline status and trajectories of social networks and social support at the group and individual levels over five years. Methods: The sample consisted of 339 initially depressed adults aged 59 or older (M = 69 years) enrolled in a naturalistic study of depression. Measures of social ties, including social network size, frequency of interaction, instrumental support, and subjective support, were administered at baseline and yearly for five years. Results: Latent growth curve models were estimated for each aspect of social ties. On average, social network size and frequency of interaction were low at baseline and remained stable over time, whereas subjective and instrumental support were high at baseline yet increased over time. There was significant variation in the direction and rate of change over time, which was not predicted by demographic or clinical factors. Conclusions: Because increasing social networks may be ineffective and may not be possible for a portion of people who already receive maximal support, interventions to increase social support may only work for a portion of older depressed adults.
Wyatt v. Stickney: a consent decree.

Abstract On September 22, 1986, Judge Myron Thompson issued a consent decree in the Wyatt v. Stickey litigation. The settlement occured 14 years after Judge Frank M. Johnson, Jr. rendered his landmark decision in this case. The consent decree included termination of the court's active supervision of the state's mental health system, termination of the receivership, and termination of the court monitor's powers. The state agreed to adhere to Wyatt standards, maintain Title XIX accreditation, continue deinstitutionalization efforts, and develop an internal advocacy and quality assurance program. Mechanisms are also to be put in place to apprise the plaintiffs' attorneys of progress in these efforts.
Participative Leadership: Perspectives of Community College Presidents

This grounded theory study addressed the issue of how community college presidents foster active, broad-based participation in campus decision-making processes. This study was based on in-depth interviews with nationally recognized community college presidents selected on the basis of their work in implementing participative governance within their respective institutions. The findings of this study are presented according to the emergence of four axial categories, and a core category is described and explained. Participative leadership is highly interactive and dynamic. Perhaps most importantly, participative leadership is a developmental process for building environments for broad participation. The core category, Visioning Participative Environments, reveals the centrality of the visioning process throughout each sequence of the participative leadership process. This model identifies and explains key participative leadership practices that flow from the theoretical cornerstones.
Impact of chronic nicotine on sciatic nerve injury in the rat.

Chronic nicotine exposure and the immune response to peripheral nerve injury has not been investigated thoroughly. Rats were exposed to chronic nicotine or saline followed by chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve. Mechanical sensitivity was measured at various time points and the immune response was investigated at 21 days post-CCI. Chronic nicotine increased mechanical hypersensitivity, microglia activation, and the production of IL-1β, but not the number of immune cells at the site of injury. These results suggest that chronic nicotine increases mechanical hypersensitivity following peripheral nerve injury through a mechanism that may involve an increased production and release of central and peripheral cytokines.
Cephalometric and intraoral variables as they relate to articulation improvement with training.

C linical investigators in orthodontics and in speech pathology have conducted research intended to identify relationships between orthodontic and speech variables.12, ID For example, measurements of open-bite have been correlated with measurements of articulation. Also, such variables as lingual posture have been studied as they relate to both orthodontic and articulatory measures. This search for relationships represents an early step in the solution of several abiding clinical problems. Broadly, investigators wish to know whether speech behaviors or their modification influence occlusion, whether occlusion or its treatment influences articulation, and whether third variables or their manipulation influence occlusion, articulation, or both. Clinical experience and case studies, such as those reported by (iarliner, can at best generate hypotheses. Answers to the questions mentioned above will be attained only through research programs. Some evidence suggests that speakers adapt their articulatory movements to their dcntition.l”-lGs I8 H owever, no one has determined whether children’s responses to articulation training are related to orthodontic variables. Past correlational research indicates that many children with malocclusion have normal articulation but that there is a trend for children with occlusion problems or with teeth missing to have more articulation errors than do children with normal occlusion.l, I1 The correlational research that has been carried out has been addressed to the relationship between current articulation status and current
Analysis of magnetic resonance imaging-based blood and cerebrospinal fluid flow measurements in patients with Chiari I malformation: a system approach.

Object A pilot study was performed to assess noninvasively the change in intracranial compliance (ICC) and intracranial pressure (ICP) in patients with Chiari I malformation who undergo foramen magnum decompression. The working hypothesis was that the main effect of the decompressive surgery is a change in ICP. Noninvasive cine phase-contrast magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is a motion-sensitive dynamic MR imaging technique that allows for visualization and quantitation of tissue motion and flow. The authors' group has used dynamic phase-contrast MR imaging to visualize and quantify pulsatile blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow in the craniospinal system. Methods A system approach has been used to characterize the hemodynamic–hydrodynamic coupling in the craniospinal system and to derive measures for ICC and ICP. Magnetic resonance imaging–based ICC and ICP values are derived from the ratio of the volume and pressure changes that occur naturally during each cardiac cycle. The authors conducted a pros...
Search for isomerism in 193Os

Abstract The recently reported β-activity from an isomeric state in 193Os with a half-life of 17±1 min could not be confirmed. It was found that prior to chemical purification, samples of isotopeseparated 192Os that have been irradiated with thermal neutrons are contaminated with 17.6 min 80Br, which accounts for the reported 17 min activity.
Participatory evaluation research: an introduction for family therapists

Participatory evaluation research empowers the consumers of services to become leaders in evaluation and change. Participatory research methods have been used widely in developing countries and are consistent with family therapy's recent emphasis on non-hierarchical, empowering, collaborative therapies. In this paper, the authors present several examples of participatory evaluation methods and discuss their applicability to the work of family therapists.
Determination of the X 6 shear tetragonal deformation potential of AlAs using a time-windowing photoluminescence technique

Based on information obtained from steady-state and time-resolved photoluminescence (PL) experiments done as a function of uniaxial stress, the symmetry of the lowest conduction band state for a series of type II Al0.15Ga0.85As/AlAs multiple quantum wells with a nominally fixed alloy thickness of 4.2 nm and AlAs thicknesses from 4.8 nm to 7.8 nm, is reported. Structures with AlAs thickness less than 6.2 nm have the Xz state (heavy mass in the growth direction z) as the lowest lying conduction band level while for thicker AlAs layers the Xx,y states are lowest in energy. For samples with Xx,y ground states, a time-windowing technique is used to simultaneously observe the PL from the Xz and lower-lying Xx,y states, providing a direct measure of the energy separation of excitons associated with the in- and out-of-plane X valleys in the AlAs. By studying the effect of the uniaxial stress on the time-resolved PL spectra, the X6 shear tetragonal deformation potential of AlAs, E2, can be estimated without complications due to the stress dependence of the valence band energy. The value of E2 obtained from two samples with different layer thicknesses is 5.8 +/- 0.1 eV.© (1992) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Last stand before WMAP: Cosmological parameters from lensing, CMB, and galaxy clustering

Cosmic shear measurements have now improved to the point where they deserve to be treated on par with cosmic microwave background (CMB) and galaxy clustering data for cosmological parameter analysis, using the full measured aperture mass variance curve rather than a mere phenomenological parametrization thereof. We perform a detailed 9-parameter analysis of recent lensing [the Red Sequence Cluster Survey (RCS)], CMB (up to Archeops) and galaxy clustering (2dF Collaboration) data, both separately and jointly. CMB and 2dF data are consistent with a simple flat adiabatic scale-invariant model with ${\ensuremath{\Omega}}_{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}=0.72\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.09,$ ${h}^{2}{\ensuremath{\Omega}}_{\mathrm{cdm}}=0.115\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.013,$ ${h}^{2}{\ensuremath{\Omega}}_{\mathrm{b}}=0.024\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.003,$ and a hint of reionization around $z\ensuremath{\sim}8.$ Lensing helps further tighten these constraints, but reveals tension regarding the power spectrum normalization: including the RCS survey results raises ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{8}$ significantly and forces other parameters to uncomfortable values. Indeed, ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{8}$ is emerging as the currently most controversial cosmological parameter, and we discuss possible resolutions of this ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{8}$ problem. We also comment on the disturbing fact that many recent analyses (including this one) obtain error bars smaller than the Fisher matrix bound. We produce a CMB power spectrum combining all existing experiments, useful for a ``WMAP versus world'' comparison to test how realistic the error estimates have been in the cosmology community. Comparing with the WMAP results shows remarkably good agreement both on the power spectrum and on cosmological parameters, which means that precision cosmology has passed an important test.
Comparison between excimer laser irradiation effects in FeCr-based metallic glass and stainless steel

Abstract Pulsed excimer laser (248 nm, 8 ns) irradiation of Fe77Cr2B16Si5 metallic glass produces an out-of-plane reorientation of magnetic moment directions as well as changes in the resonant area of the Mossbauer spectra which depend on the irradiation time. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) determinations linked these changes to the occurrence of molten zones subsequently resolidified. For comparison, Mossbauer spectra of the Fe/Cr18/Ni8/Ti magnetic steel showed additional features in the probability distribution of the hyperfine magnetic field, while the distribution of the Fe/Cr18/Ni8/Mo3 nonmagnetic steel remained unchanged after laser processing. For both steels, the distribution area in the Mossbauer spectra was found to decrease steadily as a function of irradiation time and the magnetic hyperfine fields showed maxima after 10 s/spot. SEM/EDX examination of the laser irradiated areas demonstrated that Ti atoms are displaced from these zones and suggest atomic rearrangements related to the features observed in the distributions of probability.
A small molecule inhibitor partitions two distinct pathways for trafficking of tonoplast intrinsic proteins in Arabidopsis.

Tonoplast intrinsic proteins (TIPs) facilitate the membrane transport of water and other small molecules across the plant vacuolar membrane, and members of this family are expressed in specific developmental stages and tissue types. Delivery of TIP proteins to the tonoplast is thought to occur by vesicle–mediated traffic from the endoplasmic reticulum to the vacuole, and at least two pathways have been proposed, one that is Golgi-dependent and another that is Golgi-independent. However, the mechanisms for trafficking of vacuolar membrane proteins to the tonoplast remain poorly understood. Here we describe a chemical genetic approach to unravel the mechanisms of TIP protein targeting to the vacuole in Arabidopsis seedlings. We show that members of the TIP family are targeted to the vacuole via at least two distinct pathways, and we characterize the bioactivity of a novel inhibitor that can differentiate between them. We demonstrate that, unlike for TIP1;1, trafficking of markers for TIP3;1 and TIP2;1 is insensitive to Brefeldin A in Arabidopsis hypocotyls. Using a chemical inhibitor that may target this BFA-insensitive pathway for membrane proteins, we show that inhibition of this pathway results in impaired root hair growth and enhanced vacuolar targeting of the auxin efflux carrier PIN2 in the dark. Our results indicate that the vacuolar targeting of PIN2 and the BFA-insensitive pathway for tonoplast proteins may be mediated in part by common mechanisms.
The Design of Artificial Receptors for Complexation and Controlled Aggregation

Simple synthetic receptors have been developed that function via directed hydrogen bonding interactions in highly competitive solvents. Strong binding of this type in polar solvents may be due to a number of factors including favourable secondary hydrogen bonding interactions between the carboxylate and urea, the use of charged H-bond acceptors, an inefficient solvation of the closely spaced H-bond donor sites in the urea, and an entropically favourable release of solvent and/or counterion molecules on complex formation. We also demonstrate that these types of interactions can be used to induce, both in solution and the solid state, discrete 2 + 2 aggregates stabilized by a network of hydrogen bonds.
That Isn't Real Anthropology: Teaching at the Community College

Having gone through graduate school and experienced the academic and intellectual challenge of advanced study, the new anthropologist is often excited by the anticipation of a life evolving around the merits of structuralism, functionalism or cultural ecology. Until recently; it has been almost exclusively the goal of graduate schools to train anthropologists to be fieldworkers and professor. For decades this expectation went unchallenged, but with the emergence of the Seventies and the corresponding decline in the job market, it has become obvious that fewer newly-trained anthropologists will be standing in front of classrooms. Instead they will be seeking their mark in places they may not have anticipated - in government agencies, private foundations, corporations and community colleges. The anthropologist in applied areas in general, and in the community college in particular, must face realities for which his graduate education may not have prepared him. Those vicarious dreams of teaching Crow kinship...
Efficacy of surface-generated nitric oxide against Candida albicans adhesion and biofilm formation

This report details the efficacy of nitric oxide (NO)-releasing xerogel surfaces composed of N-(6-aminohexyl)aminopropyl trimethoxysilane (AHAP3) and isobutyltrimethoxysilane (BTMOS) against Candida albicans adhesion, viability, and biofilm formation. A parallel plate flow cell assay was used to examine the effect of NO on planktonic fungal cells. Nitric oxide fluxes as low as 14 pmol cm−2 s−1 were sufficient to reduce fungal adhesion by ∼49% over the controls after 90 min. By utilizing a fluorescence live/dead assay and replicate plating, NO flux was determined to reduce fungal viability in a dose-dependent manner. The formation of C. albicans biofilms on NO-releasing xerogel-coated silicon rubber (SiR) coupons was impeded when compared to control (non-NO-releasing) and bare SiR surfaces. The synergistic efficacy of NO and silver sulfadiazine against adhered fungal cells and biofilms is reported with increased killing and biofilm inhibition over NO alone.
Prediction of fluid-flow parameters in a gas-cut mud, 1. A basic computer program for determining the fluid-flow parameters in a gas-cut mud

Abstract Reduction of mud density at the surface is a serious problem but it has not received the attention given to effects of density reduction in the annulus due to gas-cut. Gas enters the well bore annulus from drilled gaseous sands, shales, or durings swabbing operations. Mathematical equations and computer programs were developed to predict changes of annular fluid-flow parameters caused by volumetric changes of entrained gas as it is transported to the surface. A computer program for a microcomputer (Appendix A) was used to predict changes in the drilling-fluid density, flow rate, velocity and gas expansion. Data from a Gulf Coast well were used in the analysis and results shown in Appendix B. The computed mud density was 0.36 pounds per gallon less than the measured mud density at the flow line. The difference may be attributed to errors of gas volume measured at the surface.
Laser Doppler flow and brain tissue PO2 after cortical impact injury complicated by secondary ischemia in rats treated with arginine.

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) makes the brain susceptible to secondary insults such as ischemia. This study tested the hypothesis that L-arginine would increase regional CBF (rCBF) and brain tissue pO 2 (PbtO 2 ) at the injury site. Methods: A secondary insult model was employed in rodents. rCBF was measured with laser doppler flowmetry (LDF) and PbtO 2 with a pO 2 catheter at the impact site. Animals were randomized to receive L-arginine, D-arginine or saline intravenously, 5 minutes after impact. Results: In animals who received L-arginine, the percentage rCBF from baseline (%CBF) was higher at the impact site after impact (p < 0.001), during bilateral carotid occulation (BCO) (p = 0.001) and during reperfusion (p = 0.032). In contrast, PbtO2 was not significantly increased throughout the experiment for the L-arginine group. Conclusions: Administration of L-arginine increased rCBF in the injured brain tissue, and resulted in better preservation of CBF during BCO than D-arginine and saline.
Modeling of Traction Power Supply System Based on the User-Defined Model of PSASP

Using the user-defined model (UDM) provided by the power system analysis software package ( PSASP), This paper constructs traction power supply system model. The correctness of interface between user-defined model and PSASP is verified by independent dynamic characteristic program. It offers a new way of available practical model applying to power system simulation and research on the influence of traction loads to power system.
A Mesoscale Analysis over South Florida for a High Rainfall Event

Abstract The meteorological data collected during the 1973 NOAA-EML Florida Area Cumulus Experiment was used to describe the mesoscale weather patterns on 4 August 1973. It was found that the high rainfall on this date was due to the superposition of a synoptic-scale disturbance and the normal shallow sea breeze convergence field. The synoptic disturbance was not resolved from the conventional synoptic analyses. On this date, the thunderstorm activity was highly correlated with the diurnal heating and apparently developed in favored regions related to both the sea breeze convergence zone along the west coast and to the larger scale disturbance. The surface wind and temperature patterns Were found to be strongly controlled by the diurnal heating cycle, and by the occurrence or non-occurrence of showers. It is concluded that the reduction in lower level wind speed after a rain occurrence was a result of surface cooling causing a decoupling of the surface from the larger scale pressure gradient. The analysis...
Ethnological perspectives on culture

John Tyler Bonner. The Evolution of Culture in Animals. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1980. 216 pp. $14.50.
Fock-Tani representation for positron-hydrogen scattering

Abstract : A canonical transformation method previously applied to positron-hydrogen scattering is used to derive the Fock-Tani Hamiltonian for electron-hydrogen scattering. The H- bound and resonance channels are exhibited as explicit terms in the second-quantized interaction. (Author)
Hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate (HSCAS), acidic HSCAS, and activated charcoal reduce urinary excretion of aflatoxin M1 in turkey poults. Lack of effect by activated charcoal on aflatoxicosis

In one experiment, the effect of inorganic sorbents on the metabolic fate of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) was studied in turkey poults. At 5 weeks of age, female poults were surgically colostomized and 9 days later orally dosed with 0.75 mg AFB1/kg BW. Hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate (HSCAS), acidic HSCAS, and activated charcoal (AC) were tested, by concomitant administration with AFB1. Urine was collected up to 48 h post-dosing and analyzed for aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) which was the major metabolite found in all treatment groups. Hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate, previously proven beneficial in alleviating aflatoxicosis in farm animals, reduced urinary AFM1 output when orally dosed simultaneous with AFB1. Also, acidic HSCAS and AC significantly decreased AFM1 excretion when administered concomitantly with AFB1. A second experiment was conducted to evaluate the ability of two types of AC to modify aflatoxicosis when added to aflatoxin (AF)-contaminated (from culture material) diets of turkey poults. Although AC was able to decrease AFM1 excretion in the first experiment, no protective effects from AF toxicity were observed in the feeding study.
Dosimetry of asymmetric X-ray collimators

We have studied the dosimetry of an independent jaw system (provided with the Varian Clinac 2500) using ionometric measurements performed both in air and in a water phantom. Our study shows that the effect of the independent jaw on the dose distribution is similar to that of secondary blocking except for changes produced in the collimator scatter. A system of dose calculation was developed which takes into account the changes in the collimator scatter as well as in the isodose distribution. A method is described to correctly generate isodose curves for fields shaped by an independent jaw using a modified AECL TP11 treatment planning system. The primary modification in the program consists of correcting the zero‐area tissue–maximum ratios for the off‐axis variation in beam quality.
Vasogenic facial pain (cluster headache)

Abstract 8 cases of vasogenic facial pain are presented with delineation of differentiating clinical features. These vasogenic syndromes include classic episodic cluster headache, chronic cluster headache, and indomethacin responsive chronic cluster headache. Open clinical trials employing inhalation 02 therapy as an abortive treatment strategy utilized in combination with prophylactic nifedipine therapy proved highly efficacious in controlling pain among most classic and chronic cluster headaches. A single case of chronic paroxysmal hemicrania responded favorably to indomethacin.
The Authority to Do Good: Publicly Responsible Behavior among Private Mortgage Lenders

Private organizations are increasingly relied on, explicitly and implicitly, to carry out public objectives. But given that profit and public motives are not always aligned, why do private firms behave in publicly responsible ways? Specifically, how do diverse regulative, economic, normative, and cultural influences combine to enable or constrain publicly responsible behavior? This analysis focuses on a specific group of private actors: mortgage lenders. Through semi-structured interviews with private lending agents participating in a public mortgage program, this analysis investigates influences that contribute to publicly responsible behavior. From the interviews, four different publicness dispositions are identified: pecuniary (sensitive to economic and regulative constraints), traditional (sensitive to regulative and isomorphic constraints), altruistic (sensitive to isomorphic and cultural-cognitive influences), and opportunistic (sensitive to multiple influences). Even for organizations (and their actors) operating within the same policy context and the same public program, responses to political authority likely are contingent on varying publicness dispositions.
Stratigraphy and origin of surficial deposits in sinkholes in south-central Indiana

Sinkholes in the karst area of south-central Indiana contain, from oldest to youngest, (1) sandy calcareous mud; (2) red clay and red silt, both facies commonly known as terra rossa ; (3) chert gravel; (4) loess; and (5) yellowish-brown silt derived from loess. The nature and distribution of litho-stratigraphic units suggest the filling of bedrock basins. The terra rossa in the sinkholes is primarily a transported sedimentary deposit. The source of much of the terra rossa sediment is probably the adjacent uplands.
Ergonomic Tenets and the Bottom Line

This paper proposes and discusses Ergonomic Tenets that will help the Ergonomist be a “bottom line” contributor. In support of these Tenets, this paper describes how the ergonomics function at a Fortune 200 food corporation developed into a bottom line contributor through the development and implementation of an ergonomic multidimensional action plan. As a result of this program, there was a 40% reduction in total OSHA recordable injuries for the back, wrist, shoulder and neck. In addition, there was a 50% reduction in the number of workers' compensation claims and a 60% reduction in these costs for back and repetitive motion injuries. This translated to cash flow savings of over $3 million. Also, OSHA citations and fines dropped to zero from 389 and $1.4 million, respectively. In addition, this paper will explain a cost justification technique that used workers' compensation costs to help justify engineering projects that fell short of the Company's financial requirements.
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever in Arizona: Documentation of Heavy Environmental Infestations of Rhipicephalus sanguineus at an Endemic Site

A recent epidemiologic investigation identified 16 cases and 2 deaths from Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) in two eastern Arizona communities. Prevalence studies were conducted by collecting free-living ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) from the home sites of RMSF patients and from other home sites within the community. Dry ice traps and flagging confirmed heavy infestations at many of the home sites. Only Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks were identified and all developmental stages were detected. It is evident that under certain circumstances, this species does transmit Rickettsia rickettsii to humans and deserves reconsideration as a vector in other geographic areas.
A Modified Chi-Square Test for Testing Equality of Two Multinomial Populations Against an Ordering Restricted Alternative

A modified chi-square test for testing the equality of two multinomial populations against an ordering restricted alternative in one sample and two sample cases is constructed. The relation between a concept of dependence called dependence by chi-square and stochastic ordering is established. A tabulation of the asymptotic distribution of the test statistic under the null hypothesis is given. Simulations are used to compare the power of this test with the power of the likelihood ratio test of stochastic ordering of the two multinomial populations.
Quantitative analysis of 11α-hydroxy-9,15-dioxo-2,3,4,5,20-pentanor-19-carboxyprostanoic acid, the major urinary metabolite of E prostaglandins in man

Abstract A system for the assay of the major metabolite of E prostaglandins (PGE-M) in human urine was developed. The metabolite, as the dimethyl ester-bis( O -methyloxime)-trimethylsilyl ether derivative, was quantified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with selected ion monitoring. The internal standard was the diethyl ester analog. A linear response ratio over the range 10 to 300 ng of injected prostaglandin was demonstrated in calibrations with authentic material. The 20-ml specimens of urine were extracted with Amberlite XAD-2, methylated, chromatographed over octadecasilyl-silica, silicic acid, and Lipidex-5000, and then methoximated, trimethylsilylated, and instrumentally analyzed. The interassay coefficient of variation, for analysis of four identical urine specimens, was 11% and the intraassay coefficient of variation ranged from 1 to 5%. Specificity, accuracy, and precision of the method were verified by recovery of PGE-M from four different 80-ml urine pools. Each pool was divided into four equal portions, and different amounts of PGE-M were added to three. The recovery of authentic, underivatized PGE-M added to urine was 103.2 ± 3.3% (mean ± SE, N = 12). The plot of recovered versus added PGE-M followed the equation y = 1.003 x + 1.83, with R = 0.9974.
Modulation of behavioral and insulin responses by contextual stimuli paired with food

Abstract A context-like conditioned stimulus (CS) previously paired with a food unconditioned stimulus (US) enhanced both food-related activity and insulin secretion in rats. Experiment 1 documented the effectiveness of an appetitive conditioning procedure in which a 10 sec visual CS (“x”) was followed by food when embedded within one 35 sec auditory CS (“A”), but not another (“B”). Approach to a food magazine during x was enhanced (facilitated) when x was within A, as compared to within B or alone. Experiment 2 documented the adequacy of blood sampling and insulin assay procedures that could be accommodated to the conditioning procedure. Plasma insulin was observably different after unconditioned deliveries of glucose solutions of different intensities. In Experiment 3, training as in Experiment 1 was followed by testing for food magazine approach and changes in insulin levels following x alone or in the presence of A or B. It was demonstrated that the A cue enhanced both responses. The results support the view [e.g., (18,19)] that insulin secretion is in part under the control of environmental cues, and findings (22) that show that conditioned context-like cues can modulate consummatory responding to punctate CSs.
Opportunities for using non-linear oscillators to enhance energy harvesting from impulsively loaded structures

In this study, opportunities of using non-linear oscillators for enhanced energy-harvesting performance are explored. Non-linear systems involving a linear impulsively loaded structure, denoted as ...
MMP Inhibition in Prostate Cancer

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play a significant role during the development and metastasis of prostate cancer (CaP). CaP cells secrete high levels of MMPs and low levels of endogenous MMP inhibitors (TIMPs), thus creating an excess balance of MMPs. Established CaP cell lines that express high levels of MMPs frequently metastasize to the bone and the lungs. Drugs such as Taxol and alendronate that reduce cell motility and calcium metabolism reduce bony metastasis of xenografted CaP tumors. We tested several synthetic, nontoxic inhibitors of MMPs that can be administered orally, including doxycycline (DC) and chemically modified tetracyclines (CMTs) on CaP cells in vitro and on a rat CaP model in vivo. Among several anti-MMP agents tested, CMT-3 (6-deoxy, 6-demethyl,4-de-dimethylamino tetracycline) showed highest activity against CaP cell invasion and cell proliferation. Micromolar concentration of CMT-3 and DC inhibited both the secretion and activity of MMPs by CaP cells. When tested for in vivo efficacy in the Dunning rat CaP model by daily oral gavage, CMT-3 and DC both reduced the lung metastases (> 50%). CMT-3, but not DC, inhibited tumor incidence (55 +/- 9%) and also reduced the tumor growth rate (27 +/- 9.3%). More significantly, the drugs showed minimum systemic toxicity. Ongoing studies indicate that CMT-3 may inhibit the skeletal metastases of CaP cells and delay the onset of paraplegia due to lumbar metastases. These preclinical studies provide the basis for clinical trials of CMT-3 for the treatment of metastatic disease.
Fuel Interchangeability for Lean Premixed Combustion in Gas Turbine Engines

In response to environmental concerns of NOx emissions, gas turbine manufacturers have developed engines that operate under lean, pre-mixed fuel and air conditions. While this has proven to reduce NOx emissions by lowering peak flame temperatures, it is not without its limitations as engines utilizing this technology are more susceptible to combustion dynamics. Although dependent on a number of mechanisms, changes in fuel composition can alter the dynamic response of a given combustion system. This is of particular interest as increases in demand of domestic natural gas have fueled efforts to utilize alternatives such as coal derived syngas, imported liquefied natural gas and hydrogen or hydrogen augmented fuels. However, prior to changing the fuel supply end-users need to understand how their system will respond. A variety of historical parameters have been utilized to determine fuel interchangeability such as Wobbe and Weaver Indices, however these parameters were never optimized for today’s engines operating under lean pre-mixed combustion. This paper provides a discussion of currently available parameters to describe fuel interchangeability. Through the analysis of the dynamic response of a lab-scale Rijke tube combustor operating on various fuel blends, it is shown that commonly used indices are inadequate for describing combustion specificmore » phenomena.« less
Partial Rupture of the Flexor Hallucis Longus Tendon in a Tennis Player: A Case Report:

A 39-year-old woman sustained a forced dorsiflexion injury to the left great toe while pivoting to the right during tennis activity. Posteromedial ankle pain was reproduced with active plantarflexion and passive dorsiflexion of the great toe and, to a smaller extent, the lesser toes. Symptoms persisted for 9 months despite nonoperative treatment. Magnetic resonance imaging 5 months after injury revealed evidence of fluid surrounding the flexor hallucis longus (FHL) tendon. Operative findings 9 months after injury included scar tissue and tenosynovitis of the FHL and flexor digitorum longus tendon sheaths, with impingement of distal FHL muscle fibers and a longitudinal split tear (partial rupture) of the FHL tendon. Tenolysis, tenosynovectomy, excision of the distal muscle fibers, and repair of the partial tendon rupture were performed, resulting in resolution of symptoms. Partial rupture of the FHL tendon as a single-impact injury, or in activity other than ballet, has not been documented previously.
Power and performance in I/O for scientific applications

The I/O patterns of large scale scientific applications can often be characterized as small, non-contiguous, and regular. From a performance and power perspective, this is perhaps the worse kind of I/O for a disk. Two approaches to mitigating the mechanical limitations of disks are write-back caches and software-directed power management. Previous distributed caches are plagued by synchronization and scalability issues. The direct access cache: DAChe system is a user-level distributed cached that addresses both these problems. Past work on managing disk power during run time were effective, one should be able to improve on those results by adopting a proactive scheme.
Prediction of adsorption and desorption of protein on dextran based ion-exchange resin

The equilibrium and kinetic adsorption and desorption of bovine serum albumin (BSA), fraction V, on Sephadex A-50 has been studied. The equilibrium data have been presented by a Langmuir isotherm for both adsorption and desorption conditions. The kinetics of adsorption in a batch system may be represented by a simple diffusional model. The kinetics of desorption of BSA in a batch system show a very fast initial rate due to the rapid shrinkage of the resin with changes in salt concentration. This has been modeled by including a protein exclusion term in the kinetics for desorption. The above information has been used to predict the breakthrough of BSA in a column operation. Under the pressure exerted in a column flow system the Sephadex A-50 is severely compressed. The effect this has on the breakthrough rate of BSA has been demonstrated.
Cytokine and Antibody Responses in Women Infected with Neisseria gonorrhoeae: Effects of Concomitant Infections

The levels of interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and transforming growth factor-beta in sera and genital tract secretions from women with gonococcal cervicitis and other genital infections were examined. Cytokines were not elevated in genital secretions from gonococcus-infected compared with uninfected patients. The level of serum IL-6 was higher in gonococcus-infected than in uninfected patients at recruitment. Serum, but not local, IL-1 and IL-6 levels were elevated in patients concomitantly infected with Trichomonas vaginalis or Chlamydia trachomatis in addition to Neisseria gonorrhoeae compared with levels in patients infected with any single organism. Concomitant infection altered neither the total immunoglobulin concentrations nor the levels of antigonococcal antibodies in serum or local secretions. The results suggest that N. gonorrhoeae induces only a limited cytokine and antibody response during uncomplicated cervical infections; however, the presence of other sexually transmitted disease-causing organisms can alter the systemic cytokine but not the antigonococcal antibody levels.
Micro vs Macro Planning: achieving a balance

ABSTRACT This study is an analysis of the process used to develop program and unit evaluation models for the College of Education at Florida International University. The resulting models clearly m...
Quality of life, intellectual development and behavioural characteristics of single children in China: evidence from a 1980 survey in Changsha, Hunan Province.

This paper reports the results of a June 1980 survey of 1069 children in Changsha, Hunan Province. The data have been unavailable previously either in Chinese or in English. In general, they suggest that comparisons of single children with children from multiple-child families in China regarding quality of life, intellectual development, and behavioural traits are similar to comparisons conducted in the United States and other western countries. As in many western studies, single children in China appear to have a better quality of life than children with siblings. Regarding intellectual development, single children in China perform better than those with siblings, a finding which is consonant with the family intactness model of Falbo. Single children in Changsha are little different from ones from multiple-child families on various aspects of behaviour, and are more co-operative and less hostile. These findings are the opposite of those of the Shanghai study, the other major analysis of single children in China; the Shanghai survey indicated that single children were not as well-behaved as those with siblings, a finding that caused some concern among Chinese social scientists. To the extent that the findings of the Changsha study, and not those of the Shanghai study, reflect the situation of single children in China, this could mean that the one-child family planning campaign may not be having a negative impact on children's behaviour.
Benefits and risks of interferon therapy for hepatitis B.

Alpha interferon is the only licensed drug for hepatitis B with immunomodulatory as well as viral inhibitory properties. Potential advantages of interferon compared to nucleoside analogs include a lack of drug resistance, a finite and defined treatment course, and a higher likelihood for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) clearance. Approximately 30% of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive and 40% of HBeAg-negative cases have a sustained virological response (when defined as HBeAg seroconversion and/or hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA levels below 20,000 copies/mL, respectively) 6 months after completion of a 48-week course of peginterferon alfa-2a These responses remain durable in 80% and 50% of cases, respectively, when evaluated several years later. Recent studies have shown that changes in HBsAg and HBeAg concentration during treatment predict sustained virological response and serial monitoring of HBsAg is helpful in predicting HBsAg clearance. HBeAg-positive patients with genotype A have higher rates of HBeAg and HBsAg clearance, whereas HBeAg-negative patients with genotype D have the lowest rate of response to interferon therapy. Long-term follow-up of virological responders to either standard alpha interferon or peginterferon has demonstrated a progressive increase in the rate of HBsAg clearance, particularly in patients who were initially HBeAg-positive. Future studies need to address if specific virological benchmarks during therapy can be used to tailor treatment duration. Conclusion: Peginterferon alfa has a place as first-line therapy of hepatitis B in patients who are carefully selected on the basis of pretreatment serum HBV DNA and aminotransferase levels, safety considerations, and viral genotype. (HEPATOLOGY 2009;49:S103–S111.)
Characterization and quantification of the fungal microbiome in serial samples from individuals with cystic fibrosis

Human-associated microbial communities include fungi, but we understand little about which fungal species are present, their relative and absolute abundances, and how antimicrobial therapy impacts fungal communities. The disease cystic fibrosis (CF) often involves chronic airway colonization by bacteria and fungi, and these infections cause irreversible lung damage. Fungi are detected more frequently in CF sputum samples upon initiation of antimicrobial therapy, and several studies have implicated the detection of fungi in sputum with worse outcomes. Thus, a more complete understanding of fungi in CF is required. We characterized the fungi and bacteria in expectorated sputa from six CF subjects. Samples were collected upon admission for systemic antibacterial therapy and upon the completion of treatment and analyzed using a pyrosequencing-based analysis of fungal internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) and bacterial 16S rDNA sequences. A mixture of Candida species and Malassezia dominated the mycobiome in all samples (74%–99% of fungal reads). There was not a striking trend correlating fungal and bacterial richness, and richness showed a decline after antibiotic therapy particularly for the bacteria. The fungal communities within a sputum sample resembled other samples from that subject despite the aggressive antibacterial therapy. Quantitative PCR analysis of fungal 18S rDNA sequences to assess fungal burden showed variation in fungal density in sputum before and after antibacterial therapy but no consistent directional trend. Analysis of Candida ITS1 sequences amplified from sputum or pure culture-derived genomic DNA from individual Candida species found little (<0.5%) or no variation in ITS1 sequences within or between strains, thereby validating this locus for the purpose of Candida species identification. We also report the enhancement of the publically available Visualization and Analysis of Microbial Population Structures (VAMPS) tool for the analysis of fungal communities in clinical samples. Fungi are present in CF respiratory sputum. In CF, the use of intravenous antibiotic therapy often does not profoundly impact bacterial community structure, and we observed a similar stability in fungal species composition. Further studies are required to predict the effects of antibacterials on fungal burden in CF and fungal community stability in non-CF populations.
False positive immunometric assays caused by anti-immunoglobulin antibodies: a case report.

Abstract A serological phenomenon causing aberrant results with monoclonal immunoenzymetric assays (IEMA's) is reported. Two different commercial IEMA kits detected low levels of Choriogonadotropin (hCG) in the serum of a non-pregnant woman. These assays detected between 32 and 55 IU/1 of serum hCG over a 3-wk period; however, an RIA for β-subunit and two monoclonal immunoradiometric assays (IRMA's) detected no hCG (
2-D periodic leaky-wave antennas-part I: metal patch design

The far-field radiation characteristics of a two-dimensional (2-D) periodic leaky-wave antenna (LWA) constructed from a periodic array of metal patches on a grounded dielectric substrate is investigated. A simple dipole source is used as the excitation. Reciprocity together with a periodic spectral-domain method of moments is used to calculate the far-field pattern. Design rules for the scan angle, the substrate dielectric constant, and the periodicity are provided. Finally, a comparison of the 2-D periodic LWA and a dielectric-layer LWA is given to show the similar performance of the two antennas.
A robust co-sputtering fabrication procedure for TiNi shape memory alloys for MEMS

Co-sputtering has been used to fabricate equiatomic thin films of TiNi, a shape memory alloy which form the basis of microactuators with many applications in MEMS. Methods for overcoming the difficulties involved in obtaining equiatomic TiNi thin films with high transformation temperatures, and a robust procedure suitable for batch fabrication in a production environment, are described.
CULTURAL MISTRUST, ACADEMIC OUTCOME EXPECTATIONS, AND OUTCOME VALUES AMONG AFRICAN AMERICAN ADOLESCENT MEN

This study measured the relationship between outcome expectations, outcome value, and cultural mistrust among African American male high school students (N = 75) attending an urban, Southern California school. We hypothesized that a negative perception of the dominant culture would negatively affect academic outcome expectations and academic achievement values. The results indicated, as hypothesized, a significant inverse relationship between cultural mistrust and outcome expectations. There was also a significant relationship between cultural mistrust and outcome value. In addition, cultural mistrust and outcome value were significant predictors of academic outcome expectations. Findings are discussed in terms of the importance of understanding sociocultural influences on achievement motivation among ethnic minority youth.