cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Do employment and income security cause unemployment? A comparative study of the US and the E-4

High unemployment in Europe has led many economists and policy-makers to praise rapid job creation and low unemployment in the US and to credit its relatively unregulated labour markets for this success. We question the implication that Europe should adopt US-style labour market deregulation and flexibility. A detailed examination of the US and E-4 (French, German, Italian, and UK) data reveals almost no difference in unemployment rates for 'prime-age' males but large ones for other demographic groups both widiin and among all countries (and not just between the US and the E-4). We also assess die impact of various employment regulations, wage-setting institutions, and income security policies on E-4 unemployment. We conclude that the evidence is mixed, and, more importandy, diat the same institutions which may raise unemployment in Europe are also contributing to its more rapid earnings growth and greater earnings equality relative to the US. Thus, European labour market deregulation would at best be a very mixed blessing.
Confucius and the Moral Basis of Bureaucracy

The moral justification for bureaucracy in systems of democratic self-government is stronger in Eastern thought than in Western philosophy and practice. In East Asia, moral justification for bureaucracy is broadly understood to be based on the work of Confucius and his followers. Modern scholars confirm that the primary countries of East Asia have distinctive bureaucratic cultures tracing to Confucian ideology. Distinctive elements of Confucian ideology include rule of man versus rule of law, distinctive characteristics of good public officials, the nature of moral conventions and practices in governing, the importance of education and merit for public officials, how good officials should deal with those in political power, the logic of civil reciprocity, and the nature of order in society. Following descriptions of each of these elements of Confucian moral justification for bureaucracy, the article closes with a comparison of Western and East Asian approaches to the moral justification for bureaucracy.
Increased incidence of aberrant DNA methylation within diverse imprinted gene loci outside of IGF2/H19 in Silver-Russell syndrome.

Kannenberg K, Urban C, Binder G. Increased incidence of aberrant DNA methylation within diverse imprinted gene loci outside of IGF2/H19 in Silver–Russell syndrome. Almost half of the patients with Silver–Russell syndrome (SRS) are affected by DNA hypomethylation of the Imprinting Center Region 1 (ICR1) at the IGF2/H19 locus on 11p15. We searched genome-wide for additional aberrant DNA methylation in such SRS patients that could account for the clinical variability of the disorder. For this purpose, 18 children with SRS (11 with ICR1 hypomethylation) and 9 children small for gestational age (SGA), serving as controls, were recruited. Genomic DNA from whole blood was subjected to microarray analysis with the HumanMethylation27 BeadChip. This array allows investigating 27,500 CpG sites mostly located in the promoter regions of 14,000 genes. Data were validated by the methylation-specific multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MS-MLPA) technique for the 11p15 region. SRS patients with ICR1 hypomethylation were significantly more frequently affected by DNA hypo- and hypermethylation of CpG sites from diverse imprinted loci than the SGA controls (p = 0.0048). There was no recurrent specific methylation defect outside of IGF2/H19. These findings suggest as causative in SRS a defective mechanism necessary for establishment or maintenance of imprinting marks, which affects imprinted loci in general with low specificity and the IGF2/H19 locus with high specificity, implying the existence of some structural peculiarities at the IGF2/H19 locus.
Theoretical design of nano-layered Al/SiO2 metamaterial with hyperbolic dispersion with minimum losses

ABSTRACT Motivated by a greater need for increased performance in modern-day technology, this paper shows the results of theoretical calculations for the optical properties of Al/SiO 2 nano-layered metamaterial with hyperbolic dispersion. Our main focus is on designing a metamaterial with low losses, since losses might outweigh any increase in speed of photonic devices. We have investigated the effect of three major variables (number/thickness of the Al layers and Al fill fraction) on inherent losses and hyperbolic dispersion using the effective medium approximation with non-local corrections. Our model predicts a variation of the dielectric permittivity only in the perpendicular direction as the number of Al layers changes. First, we present the results of the detailed study of varying the number of Al layers, N, in attempt to find the Osaturation limitO of non-local corrections in Al/SiO 2 layers. Next, we changed Al fill fraction in a sample of N= 20 layers to find parameters for the material with minimized losses. We found that both of these effects determine the transition wavelength to hyperbolic dispersion, which allows for fine-tuning of the optical properties for future applications. Keywords: aluminum, nano-layered, hyperbolic dispersion, metamaterial, Effective Medium Approximation
Pilot testing and validation of an atopic dermatitis screening and evaluation questionnaire.

Background Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a major public health concern worldwide. Given its rising prevalence, there is a pressing need to study its epidemiology. To date, no validated, cost-effective, and patient self-administered screening instrument exists that can reliably distinguish AD from other skin conditions. Our aim is to develop an instrument that can validate a self-reported AD diagnosis quickly and with reasonable accuracy in a population at a distance. Methods A one-page, 13-question atopic dermatitis screening and evaluation questionnaire (ADSEQ) was generated after literature review and consultation with dermatologists. The questionnaire was administered to 121 patients with and without AD in a dermatology clinic. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were calculated for all questions. The questions with the highest sensitivities were selected for logistic regression analysis, and a receiver operating characteristics curve was plotted. Results Four scoring algorithms using different combinations of responses were then developed. A combination of Q7 (itching) and Qpic (the image questions combined) had the highest sensitivity (96.3%) and specificity (84%) for a diagnosis of AD. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.71, indicating acceptable internal consistency. Other algorithms combining Qpic and questions about past diagnosis (Q1) or family history of atopy (Q5) also had sensitivities and specificities in the 80s or 90s. Conclusions In this pilot study, we found that our questionnaire was a valid and reliable self-administered tool for distinguishing individuals with AD from individuals without AD.
Future Visions: A Sustainable and Healthy Local Food Production System

On the Ground A collaborative effort to create an innovative food production system is underway on the Standing Rock Lakota Reservation. Three land-grant universities and colleges, along with United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service, are conducting research as a foundation to begin planning for on-the-ranch production of healthier meat. This collaborative project uses the Lakota philosophy of natural resource management and in this paper I urge more. I recommend additional research to develop investigations of relationships between cattle and the native food and medicine plants that also reside within the pasture.
Combined Dependence of Nanoconfined Tg on Interfacial Energy and Softness of Confinement

We employ molecular dynamics simulations of nanolayered polymers to systematically quantify the dependence of Tg nanoconfinement effects on interfacial energy and the “softness” of confinement. Results indicate that nanoconfined Tg depends linearly on interfacial adhesion energy, with a slope that scales exponentially with the ratio of the bulk Debye–Waller factors ⟨u2⟩ of the confined and confining materials. These trends, together with a convergence at low interfacial adhesion energy to the Tg of an equivalent freestanding film, are captured in a single functional form, with only three parameters explicitly referring to the confined state. The observed dependence on ⟨u2⟩ indicates that softness of nanoconfinement should be defined in terms of the relative high frequency shear moduli, rather than low frequency moduli or relaxation times, of the confined and confining materials.
Estimating non-residential water use with publicly available databases.

The driving force behind hydraulic models of water distribution systems is customer level water use data. The most accurate source of this data is utility billing records, but this source requires that meter locations be geocoded to a model, which utilities often lack the resources to carry out, or in the case of future customers, no billing data is available. For projecting water use of future customers, utilities have historically relied on similar customers within their service area, or on water use coefficients developed through nationwide studies. Typically, these water use coefficients use number of employees as the measure of size. However, it is difficult to get this information, especially for individual parcels. Identifying similar customers can be a tedious process, and water use coefficients are often difficult to apply, suffering from lack of standardization of customer classifications and water use normalizations. To overcome these challenges, this paper presents a methodology by which to estimate non-residential water use through publicly available databases from the Florida Department of Revenue (FDOR) and Florida County Property Appraisers (FCPA) that provide parcel level information for 57 commercial, industrial and institutional (CII) sectors. The FDOR data are available in a standard format including geocoding for every parcel in Florida. The FCPA data vary from county to county but it is straightforward to link the FDOR and FCPA databases. Parcel-level water use data was obtained from Hillsborough County Water Resources Services who have linked their monthly billing data with the FDOR and FCPA databases. The FDOR/FCPA databases provide standard classification of CII customers. Relevant parcel attributes include: building and parcel areas, year built, and spatial location via GIS. Building area is a good normalization parameter for CII customers. Year built allows for the incorporation of historical growth patterns and can be used along with other attributes to further disaggregate customer classifications. By linking FDOR/FCPA databases to water billing data, water use coefficients were developed for base, average and peak flow conditions specific to a region’s geographic characteristics and standardized customer classifications. This methodology greatly improves a utility’s ability to understand the nature of how water is used in their service area when geocoded billing records are not available. Water use coefficients along with the supporting FDOR/FCPA databases can be used by these utilities to estimate the nodal demands for a hydraulic model of their system given the GIS nature of FDOR/FCPA databases, and through calibration with metered water use, should provide a fairly accurate representation of their water distribution system. Even when geocoded hydraulic models are available, this methodology allows for more accurate forecasts of CII water use. The CII estimates for Florida can be used elsewhere especially for CII sectors where outdoor water use for irrigation is not a major component of the water use patterns.
A Model for a Geothermal Well in a Hydraulic Groundwater Flow for Ground Source Heat Pump Systems

Heat pumps are mechanical systems that provide heating to a space in the winter, and cooling in the summer. They are increasingly popular because the same system provides both cooling modes, depending on the direction of the cycle upon which they operate. For proper operation, the heat pump must be connected to a constant temperature thermal reservoir which in traditional systems is the ambient air. In ground source heat pumps however, subterranean ground water is used as the thermal reservoir. To access the subterranean groundwater, “geothermal” wells are drilled into the formation. Water from the building heating or cooling system is circulated through the wells thereby promoting heat exchange between the coolant water and the subterranean formation. The potential for higher efficiency heating and cooling has increased the utilization of ground source heating ventilating and air conditioning systems. In addition, their compatibility with a naturally occurring and stable thermal reservoir has increased their use in the design of sustainable or green buildings and man-made environments. Groundwater flow affects the temperature response of thermal wells due to advection of heat by physical movement of groundwater through the aquifer. Research on this subject is scarce in the geothermal literature. This paper presents the derivation of an analytical solution for thermal dispersion by conduction and advection from hydraulic groundwater flow for a “geothermal” well. This analytical solution is validated against asymptotic analytical solutions. The traditional constant linear heat source solution is dependent on the ground formation thermal properties; the most dominant of which is the thermal conductivity. The results show that as hydraulic groundwater flow increases, the influence of the ground formation thermal conductivity on the temperature response of the well diminishes. The diminishing influence is evident in the Peclet number parameter; a comparison of thermal advection from hydraulic groundwater flow to thermal conduction by molecular diffusion.© 2011 ASME
Nonmonotonic assembly of a deep-cavity cavitand.

The synthesis and assembly properties of a new water-soluble deep-cavity cavitand are discussed. For a homologous series of alkanes, the host can form a range of approximately isoenergetic 1:1, 2:1...
Break Impact Influence Factors of UHV Composite Strain Insulator String

In order to guarantee the security of composite insulator as tension string applied in ultra-high voltage( UHV) engineering,it is necessary to study the break impact of insulator string,especially the key factors influencing on impact coefficients. The break test system of composite insulator string was designed and its implementation plan was developed. Test was carried out on two broken insulator strings,the change of tension on insulator strings during test was recorded by dynamic force test system,and the dynamic influence coefficients of insulators under different tension and broken conditions were obtained through calculation. Then,numerical calculation was carried out on broken composite insulator string,and its results were verified with experimental data. Finally,the influences of height and span of junction on impact coefficients were studied with using numerical calculation method,which could provide reference and basis for the further study on the mechanical properties of composite insulator and the development of corresponding design specifications.
Design of a New Type of Remote Control Device for Mining Equipments

In view of problems of poor reliability,weak generality existed in traditional remote control devices,the paper designed a new type of remote control device of mining equipments,and introduced composition,hardware and software design of the device in details.The device adopts technologies of anti-interference design,communication error-controlling,detection of equipment state to improve reliability and generality.The practical application showed that the device can meet with control demands of large-scale mining equipments in coal mine at present.
Comparing the Relative Impact of Smartwatch and Smartphone Use While Driving on Workload, Attention, and Driving Performance

A simulator study evaluated the extent to which the use of a smartwatch to initiate phone calls while driving impacts driver workload, attention, and performance, relative to visual-manual (VM) and auditory-vocal (AV) calling methods on a smartphone. Participants completed four calling tasks using each method while driving in a simulator and completing a remote detection response task (R-DRT). Among the 36 participants evaluated, R-DRT miss rates and reaction time were comparable between AV calling on the smartwatch and smartphone, but significantly higher using VM calling on the smartphone. Participants also exhibited more erratic driving behavior (lane position deviation and major steering wheel reversals) with smartphone VM calling compared to both AV calling methods. Finally, participants rated AV calling on both devices as entailing lower workload than VM calling on the smartphone. Overall, few differences emerged for the metrics reported between voice calling on a smartphone versus a smartwatch whil...
Buffering of respiratory variations in venous return by right ventricle: a theoretical analysis

The role of the right ventricle (RV) in buffering systemic venous return, thereby dampening respiratory-induced variations, left ventricular (LV) stroke volume, and systemic arterial pressure variations was examined using a computer model of the cardiovascular system. Respiration was simulated by cyclical variations in intrathoracic and abdominal pressures (cycle time 5 heartbeats), causing a 43-ml fluctuation in venous return per heartbeat (mean 71 ml) compared with fluctuations of 19 ml in RV stroke volume, 6 ml in pulmonary venous flow, and only 3 ml in LV stroke volume. On a percentage basis, the RV provided 56% of the total buffering of systemic venous return, the lungs another 30%, whereas the LV only 7%. A 10-fold increase in RV diastolic compliance increased the RV stroke volume variations from 26 to 57% of the venous return variations; a 10-fold increase in RV elastance increased them from 24 to 60%, whereas decreasing pulmonary arterial pressure from 28 to 10 mmHg increased them from 28 to 56%. The results also suggest that an underrecognized function of the RV is to buffer systemic venous return and thereby keep LV stroke volume relatively constant.
The Nature of Signs and the Naturalness of Objects

The history of the definition of sign is a tortuous route to follow, and others (Sebeok, 1976; Todorov, 1982; Deely, 1982; Eco, 1984) have mapped it in greater detail than I can here. But it will help to remind us of some of the major definitions1 offered during the past. For example, Classical thinkers stressed the empirical nature of the sign, as Todorov argues, in order to link ‘things and states of mind ... by a motivated relation’ (1982:16) because they believed in a clear difference between things of the world and signs in the mind. So in Aristotle, the sign is divided into two parts of motivated sign and conventional symbol to reflect the differences between necessity and invention or between logic and language. Later, the Stoics examined the same problem and developed this empirical definition into a tripartite division of ‘the thing signified and the thing signifying and the thing existing’ (Todorov, 1982: 19) so they might more clearly reflect the ‘expressible’ nature of signs (Eco, 1984:32).
More Time Is Taken to Administer Tissue Plasminogen Activator in Ischemic Stroke Patients with Earlier Presentations

Background In ischemic stroke, administration of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) within 4.5 hours from the time last known well (LKW) improves outcomes, with better outcomes seen with earlier administration. However, for patients presenting early, a perception of significant remaining time within this window may lead to delayed tPA administration. We hypothesized that cases with a shorter LKW-to-stroke team activation (code) time will have a longer "code-to-tPA" administration time. Methods In the Mount Sinai Hospital Stroke Registry (2009-2015), 122 patients received tPA. The patients were divided by "LKW-to-code" time into 3 groups: 0-59 minutes (n = 38), 60-119 minutes (n = 49), and 120 minutes or more (n = 35). The code-to-tPA time was compared among these groups, adjusting for age, sex, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, and race–ethnicity. Results The average code-to-tPA time was 80 minutes in the 0-59 minutes group, 67 minutes in the 60-119 minutes group, and 52 minutes in the 120 minutes or more group (analysis of variance P . 0001). There was an average 28-minute difference ( P = . 021) between the 0-59 and 120 minutes or more groups. Conclusion There was a significant negative correlation between the LKW-to-code time and the code-to-tPA time that was independent of age, sex, NIHSS score, and race–ethnicity.
Werdnig-Hoffmann: Dominant Inheritance

A family in which both Werdnig-Hoffmann disease and chronic distal spinal muscular atrophy occurred, with apparent autosomal dominant inheritance, is reported from the Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, FL and Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
Noise Induced DNA Damage Within the Auditory Nerve

An understanding of the molecular pathology that underlies noise induced neurotoxicity is a prerequisite to the design of targeted therapies. The objective of the current experiment was to determine whether or not DNA damage is part of the pathophysiologic sequela of noise induced neurotoxicity. The experiment consisted of 41 hooded Long-Evans rats (2 month old males) that were randomized into control and noise exposed groups. Both the control and the noise group followed the same time schedule and therefore started and ended the experiment together. The noise dose consisted of a 6000 Hz noise band at 105 dB SPL. Temporal bones from both groups were harvested, and immunohistochemistry was used to identify neurons with DNA damage. Quantitative morphometric analyses was then employed to determine the level of DNA damage. Neural action potentials were recorded to assess the functional impact of noise induced DNA damage. Immunohistochemical reactions revealed that the noise exposure precipitated DNA damage within the nucleus of auditory neurons. Quantitative morphometry confirmed the noise induced increase in DNA damage levels and the precipitation of DNA damage was associated with a significant loss of nerve sensitivity. Therefore, DNA damage is part of the molecular pathology that drives noise induced neurotoxicity. Anat Rec, 300:520-526, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Models, Data, and Monitoring in IWRM

Decisions in IWRM rely on data and models to indicate the condition of systems, simulate how systems behave, and indicate choices for decision-makers. Data on organizations and the norms of performance of water systems can explain management scenarios, and water data help with decisions about supply, demand, water quality, and environmental issues. Performance indicators can aid decisions and problem-solving and should include the few with the greatest influence on decisions. Computer-based models are used to plan facilities and operations and to simulate systems behavior. They can help in analysis of linked sectors, such as the water–ecology, water–energy, and water–food nexus. Often, these models are part of a decision support system that includes data and decision rules.
Nonlinear scattering in colloidal CdSe quantum dots

The TPA-induced strong nonlinear scattering was observed in colloidal cadmium selenide quantum dots at 775 nm by using a 150 fs laser. The physical origin and the possible photonic applications of this phenomenon were discussed.
Scenario-Based Inquiry for Engagement in General Education Computing

Faculty face motivational and engagement challenges in general education computing courses. Inquiry-based learning strategies show promise in engaging students in an authentic discovery process. In a general education computer literacy course, we adapted scenario-based curriculum to create a classroom environment where students are faced with a real-life cybersecurity crisis and spurred into active discussion. Working as a team, they were required to analyze provided evidence and document a reasoned solution. We share implementation strategies and challenges to adopting scenarios promoting active learning. Our pilot data suggests this curriculum approach has a positive impact on students' interest in computing, while engaging them in real-world, multi-disciplinary content.
Costs, benefits, and the malleability of public support for “Fracking”

Abstract Public opinion plays an important role in shaping the policy debate over hydraulic fracturing at both the state and national level. However, most Americans report having little to no information about this controversial practice that has transformed the U.S. energy market. Employing an experiment embedded on a nationally representative survey, we examine how citizens respond to arguments concerning the costs and benefits of fracking, and incorporate them into their policy preferences. Arguments emphasizing the economic benefits of fracking bolster support for the technique; however, these gains are completely canceled if paired with a discussion of fracking's environmental costs. Additionally, we find mixed evidence of partisan motivated reasoning in how this information is processed. Individuals whose partisan attachments and preexisting beliefs about global climate change conflict are particularly responsive to arguments about the benefits and costs of fracking. Our results have important implications for scholars and policymakers concerned with partisan polarization in public opinion toward energy and environmental policy.
MicroRNA applications for prostate, ovarian and breast cancer in the era of precision medicine

The high degree of conservation in microRNA from Caenorhabditiselegans to humans has enabled relatively rapid implementation of findings in model systems to the clinic. The convergence of the capacity for genomic screening being implemented in the prevailing precision medicine initiative and the capabilities of microRNA to address these changes holds significant promise. However, prostate, ovarian and breast cancers are heterogeneous and face issues of evolving therapeutic resistance. The transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) signaling axis plays an important role in the progression of these cancers by regulating microRNAs. Reciprocally, microRNAs regulate TGFβ actions during cancer progression. One must consider the expression of miRNA in the tumor microenvironment a source of biomarkers of disease progression and a viable target for therapeutic targeting. The differential expression pattern of microRNAs in health and disease, therapeutic response and resistance has resulted in its application as robust biomarkers. With two microRNA mimetics in ongoing restorative clinical trials, the paradigm for future clinical studies rests on the current observational trials to validate microRNA markers of disease progression. Some of today's biomarkers can be translated to the next generation of microRNA-based therapies.
Atypical Antipsychotic-Induced Parkinsonism: A Patient Case with CYP Enzyme Implications

Objective: To report a case of Parkinsonism potentially caused by neuroleptic medications. Summary: The case analyzed is that of a 57-year-old male patient referred to a pharmacotherapy service by a neurologist after organic causes of tremor had been ruled out. Iatrogenic cause was suspected and referral expectation was to identify the offending agent or agents and propose alternative therapy. Conclusion: This case illustrates iatrogenic risk associated with neuroleptic medications while illustrating mechanisms of drug interaction via CYP enzymes that can lead to iatrogenic disease. Abbreviations: DIP = Drug-induced Parkinsonism; MTM = Medication Therapy Management; PD = Parkinson’s Disease Type: Clincial Experience
Tree Transplant Size Influences Post-Transplant Growth, Gas Exchange, and Leaf Water Potential Of ‘October Glory’ Red Maple

Abstract Effects of red maple transplant size [3.8 cm (1.5 in, small) and 7.6 cm (3.0 in, large) trunk diameter] on growth were evaluated at park and residential planting sites in Mobile, AL, during 1993 and 1994. Gas exchange and leaf water potential of transplants were monitored. Small trees had greater shoot elongation than large trees during both growing seasons. In 1994, small trees had greater height increases than large trees. Trunk diameter increases of small transplants were twice those of large transplants in 1994. Photosynthesis, leaf conductance, transpiration, and water use efficiency were higher for small transplants than large transplants on every observation date. In August 1993, pre-dawn and daily leaf water potentials were higher (less negative) for small trees than for large trees.
The activities of some enzymes concerned with energy metabolism in mammalian muscles of differing pigmentation.

Abstract 1. Extractable hexokinase activity was measured in the red and white skeletal muscles of the rabbit and in the hearts and diaphragms of four animal species differing markedly in size. Activities vary over a 40-fold range, being least in white skeletal muscle of the laboratory rabbit and greatest in mouse heart. 2. Hexokinase activities correlate approximately with capacities to undertake reactions of the tricarboxylic acid cycle as determined by succinate oxidase assays. Both enzyme activities seem best related to the average contractile-energy expenditure per unit weight of muscle over an extended period, rather than to the rapidity of individual contractions. 3. Hexokinase and succinate oxidase activities cannot be related to a muscle's content of soluble pigment. They display an inverse relationship with activities of phosphorylase and glycolytic enzymes, but only within the group of rabbit skeletal muscles whose oxidative capacities are at the lower end of the observed range. 4. Total glycogen–UDP glucosyltransferase activities do not vary significantly between rabbit skeletal muscles, although those of hexokinase differ by about sixfold. On the average, glucose 6-phosphate is probably oxidized directly. However, observations cited in the literature suggest that muscles with an active hexokinase may well preferentially accumulate glycogen when glucose is present in excess of the fibres' capacity to oxidize it. 5. When considered with published results obtained in vivo, the present findings indicate that phosphorylase has a minor role in the energy expenditure of muscles with a predominantly oxidative metabolism. In these, the major substrates appear to be blood glucose, fatty acids and possibly lipids. 6. The histochemical criteria by which muscle fibres are commonly described as red or white are inadequate.
Integrating dendroecology with other disciplines improves understanding of upper and latitudinal treelines

Despite a consistent global relationship between the position of alpine and arctic treeline and temperature, fine-scale variability in treeline response to climate is widespread. In this chapter, we describe two advances in the application of dendroecology to treeline environments. First, we show that obtaining detailed, spatially explicit measurements of the environment can provide a more complete picture of how tree growth responds to climate. Substantial topoclimatic and environmental heterogeneity can occur at a very fine scale, a few tens of meters, at treeline. Unlike traditional approaches that aggregate tree growth across relatively broad areas, applying the approaches of landscape ecology and quantifying this heterogeneity can allow dendroecologists to better understand fine-scale, within-population variation in climate response. Second, the integration of dendroecological approaches with physiological ecology and soil biogeochemical studies can provide a more holistic understanding of tree growth, one that approaches trees as not merely being the sum of their rings, but as complex organisms whose growth integrates the impact of multiple limiting factors filtered through distinct physiological processes. In regions with cold soils, for example, we show that nutrient limitation can strongly mediate the response of tree growth to climate warming. Together, these approaches allow us to understand the causes of fine-scale variation in treeline response to warming, reconcile that variation with global-scale correlations between treeline and temperature, and better predict future responses of treeline ecosystems to warming.
Dynamic Robust Single-Event Upset Simulator

This paper presents the dynamic robust single-event upset simulator, which is a novel framework for fault injection on hardware (via onchip debugging) and simulation testbeds (via the Simics® full-...
When the oil runs out: Changing rentier politics in the greater Mediterranean region

What happens when the oil runs out – or, at least, when oil rents run out? While numerous volumes and articles have discussed the political advantages of rising oil revenues for rentier states, one...
Beyond nonprofits: In search of the third sector

This chapter undertakes the task of clarifying the composition and boundaries of the twilight zone of institutions, activities and behaviors that lie beyond the market, the state and the family and is variously called the “third sector,” “civil society,” or “social economy.” Building on a bottom-up process of consultation, literature review and analysis carried out by a broad team of European analysts, the chapter advances a conceptualization of this sector that embraces both institutional units and individual-action components that embody three underlying attributes: (a) they are private, (b) they are primarily oriented to the public good and (c) they are noncompulsory. These attributes are then translated into an operational definition that is suitable for incorporation into official statistical data gathering and that clearly identifies a broad in-scope array of nonprofit, cooperative, mutual and social-enterprise organizations as well as a parallel band of both organization-based and direct volunteer activity undertaken without pay for persons outside one’s family. The chapter then concludes with a discussion of the progress that has already been made toward institutionalizing this definition into the System of National Accounts, which guides the official assembly of comparable economic statistics in countries throughout the world.
Pituitary Gland (Cell Types, Mediators, Development)

The pituitary gland (hypophysis) includes two regions. The adenohypophysis originates from the roof of the mouth and includes somatotropes, gonadotropes, lactotropes, corticotropes, and thyrotropes. These cells are regulated by neurons in the hypothalamus, which send regulatory hormones via axons to a capillary bed in the median eminence. The neurohypophysis originates from the diencephalon and connects to the brain by an infundibular stalk. The stalk contains a fiber tract of axons from neurons in the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei. These neurons produce oxytocin and vasopressin and transport them to the posterior pituitary, where they are released into the capillary bed.
Applications of Miniature Electrodes to Biomedical Studies

Beginning in the 1970s our laboratory began applying modern electroanalytical techniques to problem-solving in neurochemistry and neurobiology--particularly the determination of biogenic amines and related substances both in vitro and in vivo. The in vivo approach utilizes very small graphite electrodes implanted in brain tissue to directly detect catecholamines in the brain extracellular fluid (ECF) space. Several aspects of the in vivo electrochemistry remain exploratory. The techniques have not, in general, been applied to monitoring drug delivery. However, one of their main applications has been to study the effect of drugs on brain biogenic amines. This kind of secondary detection can be utilized as a measure of drug delivery. Furthermore, many electroactive drugs, if present in concentrations greater than those of the endogenous species, could be directly monitored. Thorough treatments of the experimental details have recently appeared (Adams and Marsden, 1982; Marsden, 1984) and the following is a general overview which attempts to summarize some of the applications involving peripherally applied drugs.
Stroke in China and India: Big populations, big challenges

Having more than one-third of the world's 7.6 billion population, China and India experience heavy personal, social, and financial costs of stroke and other vascular disease, in the context of having a high prevalence of background vascular risk and rapidly evolving demography (aging, urbanization), lifestyles (sedentary, diet), and economies. However, their differing health care systems and insurance schemes may influence the patterns of care and recovery from stroke, but to date, no one has directly quantified this. The article by Li et al.1 in this issue of Neurology ® is therefore a welcome contribution to defining the comparative patient profile, as well as the management and outcomes, for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) between these 2 countries.
Bridging Campus and Community: Religion and Violence as Expansive and Socially Relevant Communication Research.

ABSTRACTGiven that instructional communication happens beyond college classrooms, a small group of voices have called for expansive explorations of instructional communication. This essay continues...
How to manage chronic total occlusions in the setting of acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock

An observational study of 313 patients with multivessel disease and ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock showed that the presence of a chronic total occlusion (CTO) in a noninfarct-related artery is an independent predictor of short- and long-term mortality. This study confirms previous reports on the detrimental prognostic impact of a CTO in the setting of acute myocardial infarction with or without cardiogenic shock. Data from recent randomized trials (CULPRIT-SHOCK and EXPLORE) suggest no benefit of early CTO revascularization; further studies are needed to investigate early treatment with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in this extremely high-risk subgroup.
Abstract WP325: Peri-operative Neurological Complications of Valve Surgery for Infective Endocarditis Patients With Stroke

Introduction: Surgical valve repair is often delayed for infective endocarditis (IE) patients with stroke. We compared neurological outcome of early and delayed valve surgery and identified pre-sur...
Intersectional Feminism and Behavior Analysis

This paper compares facets of behavior analysis and intersectional feminist theory. We begin by describing the history of issues related to gender and sexuality in behavior analysis. Then, we explain how the goals of feminism and applied behavior analysis are aligned, with a focus on intersectional feminism. Intersectional feminism examines the influence of interacting variables (e.g., race, gender, and sexuality) that affect one’s experiences and behaviors, rather than focusing on a single factor, such as gender. Pragmatic behaviorism and intersectionality have many parallels, and by exploring them, researchers can generate more comprehensive explanations of behavior. With prevalent gender, race, and sexual orientation biases in contemporary society, it may be important for behavior analysts to be able to recognize these contingencies that have been previously overlooked. Describing the conceptual commonalities between these disciplines may be a stride towards inclusivity and advancement of the goals of each discipline.
Sound, fine-grained traversal fusion for heterogeneous trees

Applications in many domains are based on a series of traversals of tree structures, and fusing these traversals together to reduce the total number of passes over the tree is a common, important optimization technique. In applications such as compilers and render trees, these trees are heterogeneous: different nodes of the tree have different types. Unfortunately, prior work for fusing traversals falls short in different ways: they do not handle heterogeneity; they require using domain-specific languages to express an application; they rely on the programmer to aver that fusing traversals is safe, without any soundness guarantee; or they can only perform coarse-grain fusion, leading to missed fusion opportunities. This paper addresses these shortcomings to build a framework for fusing traversals of heterogeneous trees that is automatic, sound, and fine-grained. We show across several case studies that our approach is able to allow programmers to write simple, intuitive traversals, and then automatically fuse them to substantially improve performance.
Global existence and uniqueness results for weak solutions of the focusing mass-critical nonlinear Schrödinger equation

We consider the focusing mass-critical NLS iut+�u = −|u| 4/d u in high dimensions d ≥ 4, with initial data u(0) = u0 hav- ing finite mass M(u0) = R Rd |u0(x)| 2 dx < ∞. It is well known that this problem admits unique (but not global) strong solutions in the Strichartz class C 0 t,loc L 2 ∩ L 2loc L 2d/(d 2) x , and also admits global (but not unique) weak solutions in L 1 L 2. In this paper we introduce an intermediate class of solution, which we call a semi-Strichartz class solution, for which one does have global ex- istence and uniqueness in dimensions d ≥ 4. In dimensions d ≥ 5 and assuming spherical symmetry, we also show the equivalence of the Strichartz class and the strong solution class (and also of the semi-Strichartz class and the semi-strong solution class), thus establishing "unconditional" uniqueness results in the strong and semi-strong classes. With these assumptions we also characterise these solutions in terms of the continuity properties of the mass function t 7→ M(u(t)).
Influences Beyond College that Shape Revised Choices

In this chapter we offer study findings about three sources of influence on STEM students’ rethinking of their education and careers that arise wholly or partially beyond their experiences in STEM majors. We discuss the consequences of working while in school, parental influence on academic and career choices, and students’ perceptions of the career opportunities available in the current economy. Although we consider each of these sources of influence separately, they are often interrelated and may intersect with college experiences.
OOD Case Study: More Security Requirements

Security design principles introduced in this chapter are applied to the Address Book Application (ABA) and Personal Finances case studies. Various design models are used to express the security design in each case study. Sample code is used to describe some implementation details.
Chemically-Modified Curcumin 2.24: A Novel Systemic Therapy for Natural Periodontitis in Dogs.

Purpose To determine the effect of a pleiotropic MMP-inhibitor, a novel chemically-modified curcumin 2.24 (CMC2.24), on the clinical and biological measures of naturally-occurring periodontitis in the beagle dog. Methods Eight adult female dogs with generalized periodontitis were distributed into two groups: Placebo and Treatment (n=4/group). After a 1-hr full-mouth scaling and root planing (SRP) at time 0, placebo or CMC2.24 (10mg/kg) capsules were orally administered once/day for 3 months. Various clinical periodontal parameters (e.g., pocket depth, gingival index) were measured at different time periods (0, 1, 2 and 3 months), and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples and gingival tissue biopsies (3-month) were analyzed for cytokines, MMPs and cell-signaling molecules. Standardized radiographs were taken at 0 and 3-month; in addition, peripheral blood monocytes/macrophages from these dogs at 3-month were cultured and analyzed for the pro-, activated-, and total-forms of both MMP-2 and MMP-9. Results CMC2.24 treatment significantly reduced gingival inflammation (gingival index, GCF flow), pocket depth (PD), and the numbers of pockets (PD≥4mm), compared to placebo. CMC2.24 also significantly reduced MMP-9 and MMP-2 (primarily in the activated-form) in gingival tissue, alveolar bone loss, and reduced GCF IL-1β. Cell-signaling molecules, TLR-2 (but not TLR-4) and p38 MAPK, responded to CMC2.24 in a pattern consistent with reductions in inflammation and collagenolysis. In culture, CMC2.24 had no effect on pro-MMP-9 but essentially completely blocked the conversion of pro- to activated-MMP-9 in systemic blood-derived monocytes/macrophages from these dogs. Conclusion In the beagle dog model of natural periodontitis, orally administered CMC2.24 (a novel triketonic phenylaminocarbonyl-curcumin) significantly decreased clinical measures of periodontitis as well as pro-inflammatory cytokines, MMPs, and cell-signaling molecules. These and previous studies, using other in vitro and in vivo models, support the clinical potential of CMC2.24 as a novel adjunct to SRP in the treatment of chronic periodontitis.
Evaluating Metal Ion Identity on Catalytic Silylation of Dinitrogen Using a Series of Trimetallic Complexes.

We report catalytic silylation of dinitrogen to tris(trimethylsilyl)amine by a series of trinuclear first row transition metal complexes (M = Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni) housed in our tris(β-diketiminate) cyclophane (L 3- ). Yields are expectedly dependent on metal ion type ranging from 14 to 199 equiv NH4 +/complex after protonolysis for the Mn to Co congeners, respectively. For the series of complexes, the number of turnovers trend observed is Co > Fe > Cr > Ni > Mn, consistent with prior reports of greater efficacy of Co over Fe in other ligand systems for this reaction.
Radar-based Object Classification Using An Artificial Neural Network

Radar-based object detection becomes a more important problem as such sensor technology is broadly adopted in many applications including military, robotics, space exploring, and autonomous vehicles. However, the existing solution for classification of radar echo signal is limited because its deterministic analysis is too complicated to describe various object features. It needs a more sophisticated approach that is capable of identifying them. In this paper, we intend to solve this problem using a state-of-art machine learning approach to read object features or patterns in their micro-Doppler signatures in radar reflection data. In spectrogram analysis, we observe unique patterns of objects, which should be recognizable by a well-trained machine learning algorithm. We train our AlexNet-inspired convolutional neural network model to see these patterns over their radar signal spectrogram and design an intelligent waveform detection system. We demonstrate our proposed system on an Intel® Xeon CPU and an Intel® Arria 10 FPGA using Intel® Open VINO toolkit, a unified framework to import deep learning algorithms in different platforms and achieve a real-time system for automated object classification with over 90% of accuracy on a given radar dataset.
Locating passive sources on seismic reflection image in the presence of velocity errors

AbstractLocating passive-source positions by using microseismic events is essential for monitoring hydraulic fractures. Among all microseismic source locating approaches, time-reversal imaging (TRI...
Communicative Governance to Mitigate the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case Study of Delhi, India

Emerging democracies are handicapped by systemic weaknesses such as inadequate healthcare safety nets, weak administrative capacities, and rigidly hierarchical bureaucracies and conflicts between levels of political leadership The COVID-19 pandemic creates the urgent need for governments to overcome these structural limitations and facilitate responsive governance This article uses the lens of communicative governance to describe how governments respond to the emerging health emergency and its challenges It uses the case of the state of Delhi in India to analyze how the tools of government were operated to govern during an escalating health crisis It documents the unique policy and administrative practices that are driving the response to the COVID-19 pandemic in the global South In doing so, it points to the ways in which urban e-planning can foster transformative capacities to support local communities