cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Endovascular Treatment of Tandem Common Carotid Artery Origin and Distal Intracranial Occlusion in Acute Ischemic Stroke

Background Tandem occlusion resulting in acute ischemic stroke is associated with high morbidity and mortality and a poor response to thrombolytic therapy. The use of endovascular strategies for tandem stroke cases results in an improved outcome for this subgroup of patients. We present 2 cases with a pattern of tandem occlusion consisting of proximal obstruction at the origin of the common carotid artery (CCA) with concomitant intracranial occlusion treated by endovascular techniques. Methods The 2 patients presented each with occlusion at the left CCA origin and ipsilateral intracranial vessel (left middle cerebral artery and carotid terminus, respectively). A transfemoral anterograde approach was used to deliver a balloon-mounted stent across the proximal CCA origin occlusion to gain access to the distal cerebral vasculature. Subsequently, a stent retriever assisted mechanical aspiration thrombectomy was used to revascularize the intracranial occlusion. Results Complete revascularization with Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction scores of 2b and improvement in neurologic deficits occurred in both cases. Good clinical outcome was achieved for both patients at 3-month follow-up. Conclusions An anterograde transfemoral approach should be considered in cases of tandem occlusion of the proximal CCA and middle cerebral artery.
The weight of networks: the role of social ties and ethnic media in mitigating obesity and hypertension among Latinas.

ABSTRACTObjectives: Latinos have a disproportionately high risk for obesity and hypertension. The current study analyzes survey data from Latin American women to detect differences in rates of obes...
cudaCR: An In-Kernel Application-Level Checkpoint/Restart Scheme for CUDA-Enabled GPUs

Fault-tolerance is becoming increasingly important as we enter the era of exascale computing. Increasing the number of cores results in a smaller mean time between failures, and consequently, higher probability of errors. Among the different software fault tolerance techniques, checkpoint/restart is the most commonly used method in supercomputers, the de-facto standard for large-scale systems. Although there exist several checkpoint/restart implementations for CPUs, only a handful have been proposed for GPUs even though more than 60 supercomputers in the TOP 500 list are heterogeneous CPU-GPU systems.In this paper, we propose a scalable application-level checkpoint/restart scheme, called cudaCR for long-running kernels on NVIDIA GPUs. Our proposed scheme is able to capture GPU state inside the kernel and roll back to the previous state within the same kernel, unlike state-of-the-art approaches. We evaluate cudaCR on application benchmarks with different characteristics such as dense matrix multiply, stencil computation, and k-means clustering on a Tesla K40 GPU. We observe that cudaCR can fully restore state with low overheads in both time (less than 10% in best case) and memory requirements after applying a number of different optimizations (storage gain 54% for dense matrix multiply, 31% for k-means, and 4% for stencil computation). Looking forward, we identify new optimizations to further reduce the overhead to make cudaCR highly scalable.
Floral anatomy of Pseudartabotrys Pellegrin (Annonaceae), a monospecific genus endemic to Gabon

Floral anatomy of the monotypic Gabonese genus Pseudartabotrys Pellegrin was studied, in order to get a better understanding of the origin of pseudosyncarpy and its morphological context. Receptacle vasculature is moderately advanced with a partial perianth cortical vascular system, however much less developed than that of Annona L. Anther histology is complex, with a thick hypodermal sclerenchyma on the abaxial side, reminiscent of that previously recognized in Uvaria scabrida Oliver, whose fruit resembles a pseudosyncarp. Gynoecial anthotaxy, 1 (2)-ovulate carpels and an outer compitum foreshadow the pseudosyncarpous fruit. Androecial and gynoecial vasculatures are free and both trimerous and pentamerous, following the likely basal condition in Magnoliales. A new kind of food body for the Annonaceae, found at the adaxial concave base of the inner petals, epidermal in origin with a lipidic spongy frame and showing no direct connection with venation, is briefly described. We emphasized the significance of classical approaches in the study of endemic and possibly endangered taxa, which are often revealed to be critical in the understanding of biological evolution, both by the primary data obtained and by the field and experimental researches they further suggest, in comparison with more widely distributed taxa.
An Examination of "Lookism" in Scholarly Literature

The aim of this paper is to examine scholarly literature to identify how "lookism" has been defined and studied. A qualitative theme and content analyses were used to assess scholarly literature on lookism. The search resulted in 43 scholarly works with 36 written in English. Examining the scholarly literature on lookism suggests it: i) is an emerging concept in scholarly literature; ii) is a form of discrimination, particularly in the workplace; ii) includes a variety of physical features (e.g. age, facial symmetry, tattoos); iii) is multicultural; iv) supports popular literature that these biases exist (e.g., Ayto, 1999), and v) needs to be studied further to fully understand and define it. Lookism is a significant topic that apparel and textile (AT) researchers can utilize their expertise to examine further, defining lookism further, examining and comparing lookism in varying cultural contexts, and seeking reliable and valid methods to research lookism..
Electronic Cooperation Protokolle

Die Aufgabe von Electronic Cooperation Protokollen besteht darin, bei elektronisch realisierten Geschaftsprozessen die Kommunikation zwischen Geschaftspartnern festzulegen. Dazu definieren sie sowohl Nachrichtenformate fur einzelne Kommunikationsschritte, als auch die Ablaufe, die beschreiben, wie die einzelnen Nachrichten zur Erledigung einer bestimmten Aufgabe einzusetzen sind. Die Festlegung dieser Ablaufe wird bildhaft auch als Choreographie von Nachrichten bezeichnet.
Reaction Time as an Index of Sensory Function

It is probably quite apparent from the contents of this book that there are many techniques which can be used to determine either the minimum levels of stimulation or the minimum difference in levels of stimulation necessary to produce behavioral consequences. These techniques all produce a measure of sensitivity conventionally called the threshold; they all determine something about the fineness with which an organism can discriminate certain elements of his environment from other similar elements.
Copy Detection among Programs Using Extreme Learning Machines

Because of the complexity of software development, some software developers may plagiarize source code from other projects or open source software in order to shorten development cycle. Many methods have been proposed to detect plagiarism among programs based on the program dependence graph, a graph representation of a program. However, the accuracy and efficiency of the detection approaches need to be improved. By employing extreme learning machine (ELM), we construct feature space for describing features of every two programs with possible plagiarism relationship. Such feature space could be large and time consuming, so we propose approaches to construct a small feature space by pruning isolated control statements and removable statements from each program to accelerate both training and classification time. We conducted a thorough experimental study of this technique on real C programs collected from Internet. The experimental results show the high accuracy and efficiency of our ELM-based approach.
Cerebrospinal Fluid Fistulae

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fistulae result from defects in the pia-arachnoid membrane and dura such that the CSF can escape its normal reservoirs and pathways. These fistulae may be manifested as a leakage from a lumbar puncture, a scalp defect, or drainage of CSF from the nose (rhinorrhea) or ear (otorrhea).
Recent spectroscopic observations of Alpha Orionis

ME I I: Ultraviolet Fluxes. The chromospheric fluxes of Mg II h and k transitions (Figure 2) show that the minimum value in the total Mg II flux occurs about three months after (: 1985.0) the minimum in the optical and ultraviolet eontlnua. However the variations in the line profiles show that the h llne weakens more than the k llne between 1984.6 and 1984.9. This is difficult to interpret because the variability appears largest in the blue wing of the h llne and the blue wing of k is obscured by a olrcumstellar Mn I line (Figure 3). A varying acceleration in the atmosphere as well as changes in the intrinsic chromospheric emission may be responsible for this variability.
Multi-Robot Mission Planning with Static Energy Replenishment

The success of numerous long-term robotic explorations in the air, on the ground, and under the water is dependent on the ability of robots to operate for an extended time. The long-term ubiquitous operation of robots hinges on smart energy consumption and the replenishment of the robots. This paper provides a heuristic method for planning missions that extend over multiple battery lives of working robots. This method simultaneously generates energy efficient trajectories for multiple robots, and schedules energy cycling using static charging stations through the mission. The mission planning algorithm accounts for environmental obstacles, current, and can adapt to a priority search distribution. The simulation results for a scenario similar to the MH370 airplane search mission demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed algorithm in area coverage and handling environmental constraints. The robustness of the developed method is evaluated through a Monte Carlo simulation. In addition, the proposed algorithm is tested in simulation environment in Gazebo and implemented and experimentally validated for an in-lab aerial coverage scenario with an obstacle and a priority mission area.
Little evidence for a chronotolerance effect for impulse noise exposure in the C57BL/6J mouse.

Abstract Noise-induced hearing loss affects a large number of adults and children worldwide, and continues to be a major public health problem. The cochlea is an organ that maintains delicate metabolic homeostasis and precise mechanical architecture. Disruption of either can cause temporary or permanent injury. Impulse noises, which are short-duration, high-level bursts of sound caused by explosions, such as gunfire, can injure the cochlea through combinations of mechanical and metabolic injury. Susceptibility to the metabolic component of noise injury may vary with the circadian rhythm, a phenomenon known as chronotolerance. Chronotolerance to noise injury has been demonstrated for a one-hour noise exposure at a fixed level, but chronotolerance for impulse noise-induced hearing loss has never been studied. Forty-four mice were exposed to 500 short-duration clicks at 137 dB peSPL at one of four hours after light onset: 2, 8, 14, or 20. Auditory brainstem response threshold shifts were measured at 3, 7, and 21 days after the exposure to measure hearing loss, and post mortem outer hair cell counts were used to confirm cochlear injury. The testing revealed no significant differences between the four exposure times for hearing threshold shifts, but did detect a small, but statistically significant, difference in outer hair cell loss, in which the loss was greatest for the mice exposed two hours after light offset. Therefore, a weak chronotolerance effect for impulse noise was detected, though the functional significance of the effect is low. Further investigation is required to more fully understand the relationship between circadian rhythm and hearing loss from different types of noise exposure.
Abstract 4495: A CD10+GPR77+ subset of cancer-associated fibroblasts promotes cancer formation and chemoresistance by sustaining cancer stem cells

Carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are an abundant and heterogeneous population of stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment critically involved in cancer progression. However, the lack of effective tools to isolate CAF subsets has prevented a comprehensive functional characterization of CAFs as well as their therapeutic potentials. Here, we demonstrate that two cell-surface molecules, CD10 and GPR77, specifically define a new CAF subset correlated with chemoresistance and poor survival in multiple cohorts of breast and lung cancer patients. CD10+GPR77+ CAFs promote tumor formation and chemoresistance by providing a survival niche for the cancer stem cells (CSCs). Mechanistically the functions of the CAF subset are driven by persistent NF-κB activation via p65 phosphorylation and acetylation, which is maintained by complement signaling via GPR77, a C5a receptor. Furthermore, CD10+GPR77+ CAFs are crucial for the successful engraftment of patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) in vivo and targeting these CAFs with a neutralizing anti-GPR77 antibody abolishes tumor formation and restores tumor chemosensitivity. This discovery represents the first time a functional CAF subset is identified using specific surface markers, which will greatly facilitate future investigations of the tumor microenvironment and suggests that targeting the CD10+GPR77+ CAF subset could be an effective therapeutic strategy against CSCs-driven solid tumors. Citation Format: Erwei Song. A CD10+GPR77+ subset of cancer-associated fibroblasts promotes cancer formation and chemoresistance by sustaining cancer stem cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4495.
Repairing the Breach: Puritan Expansion, Commonwealth Formation, and the Origins of the United Colonies of New England, 1630–1643

“Repairing the Breach” interprets the United Colonies of New England as a Puritan innovation in polity formation. Beginning in the 1630s, New England Puritans overcame the problem of expansion by r...
Life Course Perspective and Body Weight Discrimination: An Integrated Approach to Understand the Relationship Between Obesity and Food Insecurity in Women.

Introduction: Excess body weight, is a prevalent and growing health problem among U.S. women and has multiple consequences on their health. Women with excess weight experience discrimination in multiple domains. Multiple studies have concluded that household food insecurity (HFI) is often associated with excess body weight in women, but not men. The more prevalent assumption has been that HFI leads to obesity. But, there has been an increase in the studies that propose the opposite. Purpose: Applying a life course perspective will provide a better understanding about how weight-based discrimination, across multiple domains, and poorer health due to obesity may lead to food insecurity in women. Results: Reduced opportunities in the domains of employment, education and marital relationships have a considerable impact on the economic situation of the excess weight women and finally could lead obese women to food insecurity. Conclusion: Using this approach has the potential to ask research questions that have been previously unexplored and plan interventions and policies to address this health inequality.
Case 33-2019: A 35-Year-Old Woman with Cardiopulmonary Arrest during Cesarean Section

A Woman with Cardiopulmonary Arrest during Cesarean Section A 35-year-old pregnant woman was admitted to the hospital for cesarean section because of placenta previa. Within minutes after delivery,...
Allometric models of adult regional body lengths and circumferences to height: Insights from a three-dimensional body image scanner.

Objectives Recent reports on body regional mass scalings to height have advanced understanding differences in adult heights. These studies resulted in conjectures on how regional lengths and circumferences may scale to height. We provide evidence for these conjectures by analyzing a large sample of regional limb, trunk, chest, and head lengths and circumferences in a large sample of US Army basic training recruits. Methods Participants consisted of 10 271 males and 2760 females ages 17 to 21 years old who reported for basic training at Fort Jackson, SC. Participants were imaged by a three-dimensional (3D) body scanner for uniform sizing which yielded 159 body measurements of total mass, lengths and circumferences at regional sites of arms, legs, trunk, chest, and head. The allometric model, Body Measur e i = α i H β i was applied to derive scaling exponents which were applied to estimate regional mass scalings. Results Body mass scaled to height with powers of ∼2.0 (mean β ± SE, 1.98 ± 0.04, 1.93 ± 0.06). Arm and leg lengths scaled to exponents larger than 1.0 and head height and circumferences at regional sites scaled to exponents smaller than 1.0. The leg, arm, and trunk mass scaling exponents were all above 2.0. Head mass scaled to powers smaller than 2.0. Conclusions The 3D scanner allowed hundreds of anthropometric measurements to be obtained within seconds. The ensuing analysis revealed that greater height yielded disproportional increases in limb lengths, limb mass and trunk mass. These analyses provide evidence that could not be previously measured that further both biomechanical and metabolic conjectures.
The similarities and differences between pediatric and adult septic shock

The children with septic shock could not be presented in hospitals with PICU facilities first.Furthermore,from a pathophysiologic perspective paediatric shock does not resemble adult septic shock.This suggests that every physician that could be faced with these children needs to understand how to recognize paediattic shock and have basic knowledge of the principles of primary management. Key words: Septic, shock; Children, Adults
Aquatic and terrestrial takeoffs require different hindlimb kinematics and muscle function in mallard ducks.

Mallard ducks are capable of performing a wide range of behaviors including nearly vertical takeoffs from both terrestrial and aquatic habitats. The hindlimb plays a key role during takeoffs from both media. However, because force generation differs in water versus on land, hindlimb kinematics and muscle function are likely modulated between these environments. Specifically, we hypothesize that hindlimb joint motion and muscle shortening are faster during aquatic takeoffs, but greater hindlimb muscle forces are generated during terrestrial takeoffs. In this study, we examined the hindlimb kinematics and in vivo contractile function of the lateral gastrocnemius (LG), a major ankle extensor and knee flexor, during takeoffs from water versus land in mallard ducks. In contrast to our hypothesis, we observed no change in ankle angular velocity between media. However, the hip and metatarsophalangeal joints underwent large excursions during terrestrial takeoffs but exhibited almost no motion during aquatic takeoffs. The knee extended during terrestrial takeoffs but flexed during aquatic takeoffs. Correspondingly, LG fascicle shortening strain, shortening velocity, and pennation angle change were greater during aquatic takeoffs than terrestrial takeoffs due to the differences in knee motion. Nevertheless, we observed no significant differences in LG stress or work, but did see an increase in muscle power output during aquatic takeoffs. Because differences in the physical properties of aquatic and terrestrial media require differing hindlimb kinematics and muscle function, animals such as mallards may be challenged to tune their muscle properties for movement across differing environments.
Roads to China and infrastructural relations in Nepal

Across the Himalaya region, infrastructure development constitutes an array of material practices that produce space for both Nepali and Chinese state making efforts in historically roadless places...
Local earthquake tomography of the Central Oregon forearc using a large-N, short duration, nodal array

Abstract The crustal structure of the overriding plate in a subduction zone can have significant effects on subduction processes and therefore hazard along the margin. To investigate the controls of the overriding North American crust on the Cascadia Subduction Zone, a dense, trench perpendicular line of nodal seismometers was deployed in the Central Oregon forearc. The location of this deployment was chosen to fulfill two main goals (1) to examine the utility of large-N, short duration, nodal deployments in passive source seismic imaging (2) and to gain a better understanding of the structure of the Central Oregon forearc. With ∼40 days of continuous data recorded on 174, 3-component, 5 Hz instruments in a 130 km line with 500 m station spacing, 116 earthquakes and explosions are detected and located, a ∼3.5-fold increase from the number reported by the regional Pacific Northwest Seismic Network (PNSN) catalog. P, S, and PmP travel times from earthquakes located near the line of stations are used in a local earthquake tomography study to model Vp/Vs in the upper/middle crust and Vp throughout the crust of central Oregon down to 40 km depth. In conjunction, these models show a clear compositional discontinuity between the upper and lower Siletzia Terrane at ∼10 km depth as well as a zone of low Vp (6.5–6.8 km/s) in the lower crust that is attributed to slab derived fluids. This region of low Vp is juxtaposed with high Vp (6.9–7.2 km/s) to the east, interpreted as a strong, unfractured, block of Siletzia. High pore fluid pressures in the lower crust have been imaged to varying degrees across the Cascadia subduction zone. These features may be related to both the occurrence of tremor near the plate interface and the reduction of upper plate crustal earthquakes.
Lake Erie Bill of Rights: Stifled by All Three Branches Yet Still Significant

The Lake Erie Bill of Rights (LEBOR), declaring that Lake Erie has enforceable rights, received national and international attention when voters added it to the City of Toledo, Ohio charter in 2019. This innovative “rights of nature” ordinance held out the promise of a new legal tool to combat the harmful algal blooms which annually plague Lake Erie. But just a year later LEBOR was dead. This essay examines LEBOR and its genesis, describes and evaluates the roles all three branches of government played in killing the ordinance, and argues that even after its demise LEBOR remains highly significant as a landmark law and a powerful message.
Advanced Technical Pearls for Successful Supermicrosurgical Lymphaticovenular Anastomosis.

ABSTRACT Lymphaticovenular anastomosis (LVA) is now accepted as one of the mainstays of surgical treatment of lymphedema. The unique advantages of LVA that set it apart from other procedures such as vascularized lymph node transfer are its safety and its minimally invasive nature. To date, there has been no report of worsening of disease as a result of LVA, even when performed unsuccessfully. Despite these notable advantages, the procedure is much less frequently performed compared with vascularized lymph node transfer because of inconsistent procedural outcome. In our experience, LVA is highly effective when performed with proper patient selection and meticulous technical execution. In this article, we share the senior author's LVA "tips and tricks" to help readers achieve greater success when performing this extraordinary supermicrosurgical procedure.
Community Lawyering in the Juvenile Cellblock: Creative Uses of Legal Problem Solving to Reconcile Competing Narratives on Prosecutorial Abuse, Juvenile Criminality, and Public Safety

This article describes a law school clinical effort to address the plight of pre-adjudicated juveniles, especially those experiencing their first brush with the juvenile justice system. Throughout the United States, every morning from Monday through Friday, thousands of pre-adjudicated children between the ages of ten and seventeen are paraded through a summary juvenile detention hearing on whether or not they should remain jailed until the charges made against them can be heard in a regular session of juvenile court. The overwhelming majority of these children have no understanding at all of what will happen at that hearing, or what to say, or why the first proceeding is so pivotal. Indeed, scholars assert that even a short stay in detention has serious, long-lasting, negative impact on youth.Our law school clinical outreach is to all children in this predicament, but with particular attention to the increasingly disproportionate number of poor immigrant children and ethnic minority youth who have "holdable allegations of delinquency" pending against them, have been arrested and placed in a secure confinement facility for the first time, and now await trial.Although scholarly critics of the history and direction of juvenile detention practice are not hard to find, practical solutions have proven difficult. This article explains how Community Lawyering, my clinical course at Brigham Young University Law School, is working to create alternatives to routine placement and extended stays of pre-adjudicated youth in secure confinement. This article also articulates our clinical strategy for gaining the support of the juvenile justice system and the larger community for comprehensive reform of detention practices and policies.Legal problem solving in these situations involves shaping a young life and crafting a new story of healing and achievement. While legal counsel may be an expert on the law, no attorney acting alone can reach the goal of therapeutic justice without the help of the child, the family, and the community. For this reason Community Lawyering in the juvenile cellblock uses creative problem solving methods to vindicate constitutional safeguards while at the same time working with the larger community to restore the child to full membership in society.
Picosecond Pulsed Electric Fields and Promise in Neurodegeneration Research

The delivery of pulsed electric fields to biological cells for regenerative research and therapeutic applications is a field that has been widely explored. Picosecond pulsed electric fields have be...
Influence of Dietary Vitamin E on Nutritional Pancreatic Atrophy in Selenium-Deficient Chicks

Studies were conducted to determine the relationship between dietary vitamin E (VE) and the development of nutritional pancreatic atrophy (NPA) in selenium (Se)-deficient chicks. Selenium- and VE-depleted chicks reared on a low Se, amino acid-based diet containing 100 IU VE (as all-rac-alpha-tocopheryl acetate) per kilogram were found to have exceedingly low pancreatic activities of Se-dependent glutathione peroxidase (SeGSHpx) at 8 d of age. Supplementation of the purified diet with 500 or 1,000 IU VE/kg prevented both NPA and the associated growth depression. Use of graded dietary VE levels showed that addition of at least 300 IU/kg was required to overcome the growth depression associated with severe Se deficiency. Although tissue alpha-tocopherol concentrations increased linearly with increasing dietary levels of VE, the response in pancreas was less than (about one-half of) those in liver and heart and, unlike the response in heart, was not affected by dietary Se level. That protection against NPA involved the antioxidant action of VE was suggested by results showing that NPA is promoted by high dietary levels of linoleic acid, that high VE levels correct membrane unsaturated fatty acid losses due to Se deficiency and that NPA is prevented by high levels of other antioxidants. It is suggested that the normally low activities of SeGSHpx and concentrations of alpha-tocopherol in the pancreas may predispose that organ to lesions due to oxidative stress under conditions of severe nutritional Se deficiency that results in further depletion of SeGSHpx. This situation may be overcome by feeding VE at 15-20-fold excesses over the levels normally regarded as nutritionally required.
SETTLEMENT RESPONSE CAUSED BY FOOTING GROUPS

Settlement charts are developed, using elastic stress considerations and conventional settlement theory, to determine settlements at desired points, caused by square or rectangular footings of groups of footings of various size and shape. The variables considered include length and width of footings, spacing of various footings, variation of void ratio, magnitude of loading, distribution of loads, variation of coefficient of compressibility, and stratification. The use of normalized, nondimensional charts is presented in terms of illustrative examples.
Braiding and Rhetorical Power Players: Transforming Academic Writing through Rhetorical Dialectic

In this article, I revisit the Elbow/Bartholomae debate, review recent scholarship on academic writing, and discuss the ways that the mandates of traditional academic writing can further disenfranchise already marginalized students. I suggest that, due to the double consciousness with which these students often live, they come into classrooms rhetorically adept. By asking student writers to employ braiding (the braiding of subjectivities, genres, or rhetorics in single texts), we enable students to theorize experience, to contest stereotypes of "student writing," to contribute to academia via their own intellectual experimentation, and to consciously position themselves among various discourses as effective rhetorical power players. I offer the experience of one student writer (a lesbian and an Army cadet) as a case study.
Letter to OECD Beps (Base Erosion and Profit-Shifting) - Recommending Approach to Change Behavior of Multinationals Re Profit Shifting into Low-Tax Countries

The OECD through its BEPS initiative should strongly recommend to OECD member and non-member countries that they abandon the territorial and deferral systems that they currently use. To replace these systems, they would implement full-inclusion systems under which all foreign income, including profits in foreign subsidiaries, would be currently taxed by each MNE’s home country. A foreign tax credit mechanism would prevent double-taxation.This action would eliminate or significantly reduce the motivation of multinationals to shift profits into tax havens and other low-tax countries. As such, there would be significantly reduced MNE profit-shifting structures that erode the tax bases of all countries and require considerable time and resources of all tax authorities as well as of the multinationals that must create and maintain complicated supply-chain and other tax-motivated structures.Other benefits include an expanded tax base for all countries, simplification through elimination of home country transfer pricing issues and need for CFC rules, and a more level-playing field competitively both for competition between multinationals headquartered in different countries and for competition between pure domestic companies and multinationals headquartered in that country. And the expanded tax base could allow a reduction in the overall corporate tax rate, a factor that could make the change to this full-inclusion system more politically acceptable.The basic concept is simple. By being subject to current home-country taxation on its worldwide earnings, a multinational’s motivation for complicated structures that shift profits into tax havens from countries where operations, sales and services take place is significantly reduced or eliminated.
Renal transplantation in a patient with methylmalonic acidaemia

Renal insufficiency is frequently reported in mutase-deficient methylmalonic acidaemia. We present a case report of a patient with mut– methylmalonic acidaemia who developed chronic tubulointerstitial nephropathy during adolescence. At 24 years of age, she developed end-stage renal failure and underwent renal transplantation. Both plasma and urine methylmalonic acid levels decreased significantly with improved renal function following transplantation. Complications included cyclosporin toxicity and development of diabetes. Renal, metabolic, and clinical status remained improved at 3 years after the kidney transplant.
An economic analysis of woodfuel management in the Sahel : the case of Chad

The woodlands in some parts of the Sahel are effectively an open-access resource. Under open access, fuelwood cutters have no incentive to allow for benefits that might accrue if the wooded area were managed rather than mined. Those benefits include sustainable streams of fuelwood, fruits, and other tree products, browse for cattle, and ecological services such as nitrogen fixation and erosion prevention. To remedy this problem, some Sahelian areas have moved to give communities effective control of local woodland resources. To make it easier to analyze the economic cost of such supply-side interventions, the authors present an economic framework and computational method for assessing policy impacts on the cost of woodfuel supplies, and the spatial distribution of biomass, in a particular Sahelian woodland setting. They use spatial data on standing stock and on the costs of transport to market to model a supply curve of fuel to a fuel-consuming location. given an exogenously specified demand, the model simulates, period by period, the extraction, regeneration, and transport of wood fuels. It also permits easy calculation of the dynamic cost of woodfuel depletion. They apply the model to evaluate the benefits and ecological impacts of various scenarios for woodland management around the city of N'Djamena in Chad.
Self-similarity of the Third Type in the Strong Explosion Problem

Propagation of a blast wave due to strong explosion in the center of a power-law-density ($\rho \propto r^{-\alpha}$) spherically symmetric atmosphere is studied. For adiabatic index of 5/3, the solution was known to be self-similar, (of type I) for $\alpha 3.26$, and unknown in between. We find a self-similar solution for $3<\alpha <3.26$, and give a (tentative) numerical proof that this solution is indeed an asymptotic of the strong explosion. This self-similar solution is neither of type I (dimensional analysis does not work), nor of type II (the index of the solution is known without solving an eigenvalue problem).
Applications of radio frequency identification (RFID) in ornithological research: a review

Radio frequency identification (RFID) technology allows the unique identification of individuals and automated recording of the presence of tagged birds at fixed locations. Investigators have used RFID technology to examine questions related to pair formation, feeding rates, incubation behavior, prospecting behavior by nonbreeding birds, temporal changes in body condition, postfledging movements, dispersal, homing behavior, and other areas of ornithological interest. This technology can enable researchers to explore novel areas of inquiry and gather previously unobtainable quantities of information, allowing birds to record their own behavior without repeated capture and handling. In addition, RFID technology can be linked with other instruments, such as automated weighing devices, video cameras, infrared beams to detect the direction of movement, and temperature loggers, to collect additional data. New, inexpensive RFID technology has removed cost as a major constraint to the wider implementation of RFID in ornithological research. Because the technology requires that focal individuals come near (<10 cm) a reading antenna, RFID is not appropriate for all study systems and research questions. However, integrating RFID technology with additional instrumentation platforms and external data sets will continue to revolutionize studies of avian biology and behavior. RESUMEN La tecnologia de identificacion de radio frecuencia (RFID) permite la identificacion particular de individuos y la grabacion automatica de la presencia de aves “marcadas” en localidades fijas. Los investigadores han utilizado la tecnologia RFDI para obtener respuestas relacionadas con informacion pareada, tasas de alimentacion, conducta de incubacion, conducta prospectiva de aves no-reproductivas, cambios temporales en la condicion corporal, movimiento de volantones, dispersion, conducta hogarena y otras areas de interes en la ornitologia. Esta tecnologia le permite a los investigadores explorar areas noveles de estudio y obtener buena informacion cuantitativa que antes no estaba disponible, inclusive permitiendole a las aves grabar su propia conducta sin que sea necesario la recaptura y la manipulacion de estas. Ademas, la tecnologia RFID puede ser utilizada en conjunto con otros instrumentos, como balanzas automaticas de peso, camaras de video, infrarrojo para detectar la direccion de movimientos y recopiladores (loggers) de temperatura, para coleccionar datos adicionales. El bajo costo de la nueva tecnologia RFID, ha removido el alto costo como obstaculo para implementar el uso de esta en la investigacion ornitologica. Debido a que la tecnologia requiere el investigador tenga que acercarse (<10 cm) a una antena de lectura, el RFDI no es apropiado para todos los sistemas de estudio y preguntas de investigacion. Sin embargo, la integracion de la tecnologia RFID a nuevos instrumentos, aparatos y bases externas de datos continuara revolucionando los estudios sobre la biologia y conducta de las aves.
Analyzing change effort in software during development

We develop ordinal response models to explain the effort associated with non-defect changes of software during development. The explanatory variables include the extent of the change, the change type, and the internal complexity of the software components undergoing the change. The models are calibrated on the basis of a single software system and are then validated on two additional systems.
Intrasellar Abscess after Transsphenoidal Pituitary Adenomectomy

Intrasellar abscess is a rare disease that is difficult to diagnose preoperatively. Few neurosurgeons who operate by the transsphenoidal route are concerned with intrasellar abscess despite its high mortality rate. We describe a case of intrasellar abscess which, to our knowledge, is only the second diagnosed or suspected preoperatively. Most cases have been diagnosed unexpectedly at operation or autopsy. This case also is the first reported intrasellar abscess arising within an intrasellar graft used to seal the sella turcica after transsphenoidal pituitary adenomectomy. The clinical suspicion of infection proved more reliable than roentgenograms and laboratory studies in leading to the proper diagnosis and successful therapy.
Comparative performance of contact plates, electrostatic wipes, swabs and a novel sampling device for the detection of Staphylococcus aureus on environmental surfaces

Aims To evaluate the performance of four sampling methods [contact plates, electrostatic wipes (wipe), swabs and a novel roller sampler] for recovery of Staphylococcus aureus from a stainless steel surface. Methods and results Stainless steel test plates were inoculated with Staph. aureus, dried for 24 h and sampled using each of the four methods. Samples were either incubated directly (roller, contact plate) or processed using elution and membrane filtration (swab, wipe). Performance was assessed by calculating the apparent sampling efficiency (ASE), analytical sensitivity (Sn) and percentage of replications with positive growth. The wipe demonstrated the best performance across all inoculating concentrations (ASE(48 h) = 18%; Sn(48 h) = 7 CFU per 100 cm(2)). The swab performed well when corrected for area actually sampled (ASE(48 h) = 24%; Sn(48 h) = 76 CFU per 100 cm(2)). Of the contact-based methods, the newly developed roller sampler outperformed the contact plate (roller: ASE(48 h) = 10%; Sn(48 h) = 17 CFU per 100 cm(2); contact plate: ASE(48 h) = 0·04%; Sn(48 h) = 1412 CFU per 100 cm(2)); both contact samplers performed better at higher inoculating concentrations (6E3 CFU per 100 cm(2) for the roller and 6E6 CFU per 100 cm(2) for the contact plate). Overall, the electrostatic wipe produced the highest number of replications resulting in positive growth (74%(24 h), 91%(48 h)). Conclusions This study demonstrates that selection of the sampling method must be carefully considered, given that different methods have varying performance. Significance and impact of the study This is the first study assessing static wipes for sampling and one that uses a more real-world-relevant 24-h drying time. The results help with infection control, and environmental health professionals choose better sampling methodologies.
Quantification of Vibrio vulnificus Using the Polymerase Chain Reaction

An efficient procedure was developed for the quantitative PCR detection of Vibrio vulnificus in pure culture. The procedure involved boiling cell suspensions in TZ solution (2% Triton X-100 and 2.5 mg mL–1 NaN3 in 0.1 M Tris-HCl buffer at pH 8.0). Serial dilutions of lysed cell suspensions were then used for PCR. The method of visualizing amplified bands in agarose gels was evaluated by comparing a new nucleic acid dye (GelStar) to ethidium bromide (EB). GelStar stain was found to yield discernible amplified bands with lower levels of target DNA than could be achieved with EB. The minimum detection level with the GelStar stain was 16 CFU per PCR reaction compared to 40 CFU with EB. The relative fluorescence intensity of the DNA bands was analyzed with the NIH Image 1.61 software program. Calibration curves relating fluorescence intensity of amplified bands to lysed cells were obtained and the method was found suitable for the quantification of genomic DNA derived from ∼101–103 CFU per PCR reaction.
UHV ESR and cremsee: two novel surface techniques

Abstract The complementary surface techniques of ultra-high vacuum (UHV) ESR and CREMSEE (cyclotron resonance from microwave-induced secondary electron emission) are described. It is shown in a study of a stable paramagnetic molecule on Cu and Ag surfaces, that it appears to lose its paramagnetism while forming a chemisorbedcomplex with the metal surface. Control experiments on air-oxidized Cu are also presented.
Sound generated by instability waves of supersonic flows. Part 2. Axisymmetric jets

A solution describing the spatial evolution of small-amplitude instability waves and their associated sound field of axisymmetric supersonic jets is found using the method of matched asymptotic expansions (see Part 1, Tam & Burton 1984). The inherent axisymmetry of the problem allows the instability waves to be decomposed into azimuthal wave modes. In addition, it is found that because of the cylindrical geometry of the problem the gauge functions of the inner expansion, unlike the case of two-dimensional mixing layers, are no longer just powers of e. Instead they contain logarithmic terms. To test the validity of the theory, numerical results of the solution are compared with the experimental measurements of Troutt (1978) and Troutt & McLaughlin (1982). Two series of comparisons at Strouhal numbers 0.2 and 0.4 for a Mach-number 2.1 cold supersonic jet are made. The data compared include hot-wire measurements of the axial distribution of root-mean-squared jet centreline mass-velocity fluctuations and radial and axial distributions of near-field pressure-level contours measured by microphones. The former is used to test the accuracy of the inner (or instability-wave) solution. The latter is used to verify the correctness of the outer solution. Very favourable overall agreements between the calculated results and the experimental measurements are found. These very favourable agreements strongly suggest that the method of solution developed in Part 1 paper is indeed valid. Furthermore, they also offer concrete support to the proposition made previously by a number of investigators that instability waves are important noise sources in supersonic jets.
Robust query rewriting using anchor data

Query rewriting algorithms can be used as a form of query expansion, by combining the user's original query with automatically generated rewrites. Rewriting algorithms bring linguistic datasets to bear without the need for iterative relevance feedback, but most studies of rewriting have used proprietary datasets such as large-scale search logs. By contrast this paper uses readily available data, particularly ClueWeb09 link text with over 1.2 billion anchor phrases, to generate rewrites. To avoid overfitting, our initial analysis is performed using Million Query Track queries, leading us to identify three algorithms which perform well. We then test the algorithms on Web and newswire data. Results show good properties in terms of robustness and early precision.
Scenes from the Contemporary Barcelona Stage: La Fura dels Baus's Aspiration to the Authentic

It's not a social phenomenon, it's not a group, it's not a political collective, it's not a circle of allied friends, it's not an association established for a cause. ... It produces theatre through the constant interference between intuition and investigation. It's experienced live. Each action represents a practical exercise, an aggressive performance against the passivity of the spectator, an intervention of impact designed to alter the relationship between him/ her and the spectacle. ?La Fura dels Baus, "El manifest canalla"2
Enhancing creativity in young children: Strategies for teachers

(1991). Enhancing creativity in young children: Strategies for teachers. Early Child Development and Care: Vol. 72, No. 1, pp. 99-106.
A non-classical, energy release rate based approach for predicting delamination growth in graphite reinforced laminated polymeric composites

Abstract A non-classical, energy release rate based approach is applied to predict delamination growth in four different graphite reinforced laminated polymeric matrix composites, and the results are compared to those obtained using classical, linear elastic fracture mechanics. Both methods predict delamination advance by comparing the energy release rate in a structure to its critical value, or toughness, where the toughness is obtained from a series of tests on unidirectional laminates with midplane delaminations. However, the non-classical method uses a “crack tip element/non-singular field” approach to decompose the energy release rate, which results in non-classical mode I and mode II components. Matrix materials considered include an epoxy, a blended thermoplastic toughened epoxy, a thermoplastic particulate interlayer toughened epoxy, and a thermoplastic. For all materials, the non-classical approach is shown to provide relatively accurate predictions, whereas relatively poor results are obtained when using the classical approach. In view of the range of materials studied, it is concluded that the non-classical approach will likely apply to other current and future generation graphite reinforced polymeric matrix composites, and that this approach will continue to give more accurate results than one that is classically based.