cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Information search performance and research achievement: an empirical test of the anxiety-expectation mediation model of library anxiety

This study presents a test of the Anxiety-Expectation Mediation (AEM) model of library anxiety. The AEM model contains variables that are directly or indirectly related to information search performance, as measured by students' scores on their research proposals. This model posits that library anxiety and self-perception serve as factors that mediate the relationship between performance in writing a research proposal and other cognitive, personality, and demographic variables. The model was tested using 225 graduate students enrolled in several sections of an introductory-level course at a midsouthern university. Structural equation modeling techniques supported the AEM model. In particular, library anxiety and research achievement were reciprocally related. Furthermore, library anxiety mediated the relationship between research performance and the following variables: age, grade point average, learning style, academic procrastination, and self-perception. The path analysis also revealed a direct, positive path from self-perception to research performance. In addition, self-perception moderated the relationship between research achievement and academic procrastination, perfectionism, and hope. The AEM model of library anxiety suggests that Wine's (1980) Cognitive-Attentional-Interference theory, Onwuegbuzie, Jiao, and Bostick's (in press) ILP model of library anxiety, and Bandura's (1977) self-efficacy theory can be applied to the library and information context. Findings are discussed within the framework of current social-psychological models of educational achievement.
Cost-Consequence Analysis of Multimodal Interventions with Environmental Components for Pediatric Asthma in the State of Maryland

Background. Applied environmental strategies for asthma control are often expensive, but may save longer-term healthcare costs. Whether these savings outweigh additional costs of implementing these strategies is uncertain. Methods. We conducted a systematic review to estimate the expenditures and savings of environmental interventions for asthma in the state of Maryland. Direct costs included hospitalizations, emergency room, and clinic visits. Indirect expenditures included costs of lost work productivity and travel incurred during the usage of healthcare services. We used decision analysis, assuming a hypothetical cohort of the approximated 49,290 pediatric individuals in Maryland with persistent asthma, to compare costs and benefits of environmental asthma interventions against the standard of care (no intervention) from the societal perspective. Results. Three interventions among nine articles met the inclusion criteria for the systematic review: 1) environmental education using medical professionals;...
Application of the Lidar to Air Pollution Measurements

Abstract An urgent need exists for a technique of rapid and economical measurement of vertical profiles of atmospheric particulate concentration. It is shown in this paper that the lidar, or optical radar, is capable of meeting this need. The first part of the paper presents the physical basis of the technique wherein equations based on the Mie scattering theory and the radar equation are derived which permit quantitative calculation of the particulate concentration, turbidity index, and horizontal visibility from the lidar data as functions of height. The remainder of the paper is devoted to a brief description of an operational lidar system, some examples of results obtained with it, and an evaluation of its performance during six months of use. A subsequent paper will present some detailed case studies of pollution episodes in the Chicago Metropolitan area.
Analytic Philosophy and The History of Philosophy

This chapter demonstrates: (1) how analytic philosophy, as a reflection of the Enlightenment Project, understands the relation between philosophy and the history of philosophy; (2) how analytic philosophy understands its own history; and (3) how the analytic understanding of these issues renders itself highly problematic. We provide a way of overcoming these difficulties by showing how the history of philosophy is integral to philosophy itself.
Crime Scene Investigation and Examination: Chain of Evidence

A key component to most investigations is the successful recognition, documentation, collection, and preservation of evidence from a crime scene. Many different forms of evidence will be encountered. There are general principles that apply to the proper collection, preservation, and handling of all evidence. Establishing a solid chain of evidence is one of those basic, essential standards. Failure to establish a scientifically sound and legally defensible chain of custody for an item of evidence will likely diminish the value of that evidence in judicial proceedings.
Extrinsic versus intrinsic approaches to managing a multi-brand salesforce: when and how do they work?

This research contrasts two approaches to managing multi-brand salesperson efforts: (1) the extrinsic approach via a brand-specific quota emphasis, and (2) the intrinsic approach via salesperson brand identification. Using multi-source data from a large food distributor, we uncover how and when each approach is more effective. First, beyond its direct and indirect positive effects on salesperson brand-specific effort through salesperson brand psychological ownership, a brand-specific quota emphasis is more effective in boosting effort in selling the brand among more experienced salespeople. Second, beyond its indirect positive effect on salesperson effort through salesperson brand psychological ownership, salesperson brand identification is less effective at increasing salesperson effort among more competitive salespeople, suggesting a redundancy effect. These findings provide novel insights into the effectiveness of two distinct approaches to managing multi-brand salesperson effort and performance.
Application of a Robot Assisted Tele-neurosurgery System

In this paper, a new robot assisted tele-nuerosurgery system is presented. This system is mainly divided into three parts: surgery planning system, visual navigation system and robot arm. The application of a new type of visual navigation instrument makes patient registration much more easy and accurate. The system has successfully performed three tele-neurosurgery operations between Beijing and Yan’an. Experiments and clinical trials approved this system is feasible and safe
RECENT ADVANCES IN DEFINING THE CARIOGENICITY OF MUTANS STREPTOCOCCI: MOLECULAR GENETIC APPROACHES

The application of molecular genetic approaches with oral mutans streptococci has resulted in the isolation of several genes which may be involved in the cariogenicity of these organisms. Among these are genes coding for cell surface proteins, sucrose metabolizing enzymes, and glycosyltransferase activities. The isolated genes have been utilized to create specific mutants of Streptococcus mutans to assess the potential roles of the gene products in cariogenicity both in vitro and in vivo. These approaches should prove useful in answering some still unresolved questions at the molecular level regarding the cariogenic properties of the organisms.
An Inductive Proof of Descartes' Rule of Signs

(1943). An Inductive Proof of Descartes' Rule of Signs. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 50, No. 3, pp. 178-180.
Drift at Axial Failure of R/C Columns Most Vulnerable to Collapse

The paper investigates the drift at axial failure of R/C shear-critical columns tested under high axial load and repeated load reversals with increasing displacement. The tests discussed in this paper were part of a NEES Grand Challenge research program to study the risk of collapse of older reinforced concrete buildings during earthquakes. One of the primary goals of this column study was to learn about the difference in the failure mechanism of columns that experience simultaneous shear and axial failure, and those that are able to sustain axial load past the point of shear failure. It was found that the main parameters in the axial failure model adopted in ASCE/SEI 41/06 addendum do not properly reflect the failure mechanism of this type of columns.
Role of lattice strain and defect chemistry on the oxygen vacancy migration at the (8.3%Y2O3-ZRO2)/SrTiO3 hetero-interface: A first principles study

We report on the mechanism and the upper limits in the increase of oxygen ion conductivity at oxide hetero-interfaces, particularly the 8.3%Y2O3-ZrO2/SrTiO3 (YSZ/STO) as a model interface. We consider two factors contributing to the increase in ionic conductivity at or near the interface: 1) a favorable strain state to shift and/or change the symmetry of electron energy levels to provide improved charge transfer and mobility. 2) the alteration of the defect chemistry to enhance the density and distribution of oxygen vacancies. First principles and Kinetic Monte-Carlo simulations were performed to identify the atomic-scale nature of the hetero-interface and the oxygen vacancy migration barriers and diffusivity. Our results suggest that the modulation in both the lattice strain and the defect chemistry due to the YSZ/STO interface can enhance the ionic conductivity in YSZ up to six orders of magnitude by reducing the migration barrier and increasing the oxygen vacancy concentration, respectively.
Cardiac tamponade resulting from massive chylopericardium after an aorta-coronary bypass operation.

Isolated chylopericardium after a cardiac operation is a rare clinical entity. A case of isolated chylopericardium with cardiac tamponade after a single aorta–coronary artery bypass graft in a 49-year-old man is presented. Nonsurgical management was unsuccessful. Multiple surgical procedures were necessary for complete control of this difficult problem. The cause of chylopericardium in this patient appears to have been injury to the tributaries of lymphatic ducts in the pericardium.
Response to "Why Risk Assessment Models are Ineffective in Predicting Venous Thromboembolism in Plastic Surgery Patients".

We would like to thank Dr Swanson for taking the time to critically look at our paper “Analysis of the American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status Classification System and Caprini Risk Assessment Model in Predicting Venous Thromboembolic Outcomes in Plastic Surgery Patients.”1 You have brought up some excellent points2 and identified an error in our calculations, for which we are grateful. During our analysis and calculations, the higher odds ratios were mistakenly assigned to the lower Caprini scores instead of the highest in Tables 7 and 8. This led to an error, which was presented in our publication in Table 9. Dr Swanson is absolutely correct when he states “combining methods can only decrease the test sensitivity because the subset of patients meeting the high-risk criteria for both models would be less than the number identified using either individually.” In Table 7, our corrected P -value should be .1008 and not .0675 which translates to a corrected odds ratio of 0.246 and not 0.0246 shown in Table 8. Despite these clerical errors the conclusions draw from our data remain valid. The 86.6% specificity in Table 9 was obtained …
Crystal structure of dimethyl 9H-carbazole-2,7-di-carb-oxy-late.

In the title compound, C16H13NO4, the carbazole ring system is almost planar with non-H atoms possessing a mean deviation from planarity of 0.037 A. The two ester groups are orientated trans to one another and tilted slightly from the mean plane of the carbazole ring system, making dihedral angles of 8.12 (6) and 8.21 (5)°. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked by pairs of N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds forming inversion dimers. The dimers are linked by parallel slipped π–π inter­actions, forming slabs propagating along the b-axis direction [inter-centroid distance = 3.6042 (8) A, inter-planar distance = 3.3437 (5) A, slippage = 1.345 A].
The Myth of Urban Self Sufficiency

Beginning in the mid nineteenth century, the U.S. economy transitioned from a largely rural society, still based predominantly on agriculture and renewable resources, to an urban society dependent to an increasing extent on non-renewable resources and cheap fossil energy, and a globalized industrial agricultural and manufacturing system. The shift from a society based on renewable natural resource flows to non-renewable resource stocks is one of the most important and unprecedented transitions in the history of mankind. This shift allowed for massive human population growth, unprecedented exploitation of the earth’s resources, increasing per capita wealth for many, and the dramatic growth of urban areas. Renewable resources are those that can be replaced in a relatively short amount of time such as agricultural crops, trees, and fish. Non-renewable resource stocks are those such as fossil fuels and mineral ores that are not replaced on a meaningful time scale and are forever depleted until they have been practically exhausted. This means that there comes a time when a resource, such as hydrocarbon fuel, is no longer economical to exploit, which occurs long before complete exhaustion. Much of this book is about what happens in different regions when these stocks are depleted and we are forced to depend, once again, on poorer-quality resource stocks as well as daily flows of energy from the sun. Environmentalists and the news media, most of who live and work in urban areas, often speak longingly about a future based on renewable energy. Watch out what you ask for.
Successful Hemodialysis Arteriovenous Fistula Creation in a Patient With Continuous-Flow Left Ventricular Assist Device Support

Heart failure necessitating left ventricular assist device (LVAD) support can lead to kidney failure requiring dialysis. Some of these patients may require long-term hemodialysis (HD). Optimal vascular access for a patient on long-term HD therapy with an LVAD remains a complex issue. The majority of LVADs are of the continuous-flow type, and it has been theorized that native arteriovenous fistula maturation may be impaired in a setting of decreased pulsatile arterial flow. We describe a case of successful creation and use of an arteriovenous fistula in an HD-dependent patient with a continuous-flow LVAD.
Practical, Formal Synthesis and Automatic Enforcement of Security Policies for Android

As the dominant mobile computing platform, Android has become a prime target for cyber-security attacks. Many of these attacks are manifested at the application level, and through the exploitation of vulnerabilities in apps downloaded from the popular app stores. Increasingly, sophisticated attacks exploit the vulnerabilities in multiple installed apps, making it extremely difficult to foresee such attacks, as neither the app developers nor the store operators know a priori which apps will be installed together. This paper presents an approach that allows the end-users to safeguard a given bundle of apps installed on their device from such attacks. The approach, realized in a tool, called SEPAR, combines static analysis with lightweight formal methods to automatically infer security-relevant properties from a bundle of apps. It then uses a constraint solver to synthesize possible security exploits, from which fine-grained security policies are derived and automatically enforced to protect a given device. In our experiments with over 4,000 Android apps, SEPAR has proven to be highly effective at detecting previously unknown vulnerabilities as well as preventing their exploitation.
Left Atrial Enlargement on Transthoracic Echocardiography Predicts Left Atrial Thrombus on Transesophageal Echocardiography in Ischemic Stroke Patients

Background. Transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) is superior to transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) in detecting left atrial thrombus (LAT), a risk factor for stroke, but is costly and invasive, carrying a higher risk for complications. Aims. To determine the utility of using left atrial enlargement (LAE) on TTE to predict LAT on TEE. Methods. AIS patients who presented in 06/2008-7/2013 and underwent both TTE and TEE were identified from our prospective stroke registry. Analysis consisted of multivariate logistic regression with propensity score adjustment and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) area under the curve (AUC) analyses. Results. 219 AIS patients underwent both TTE and TEE. LAE on TTE was detected in 113 (51.6%) of AIS patients. Patients with LAE on TTE had higher proportion of LAT on TEE (8.4% versus 1.0%, p = 0.018). LAE on TTE predicted increased odds of LAT on TEE (OR = 8.83, 95% CI 1.04-74.83, p = 0.046). The sensitivity and specificity for LAT on TEE by LAE on TEE were 88.89% and 52.20%, respectively (AUC = 0.7054, 95% CI 0.5906-0.8202). Conclusions. LAE on TTE can predict LAT detected on TEE in nearly 90% of patients. This demonstrates the utility of LAE on TTE as a potential screening tool for LAT, potentially limiting unneeded costs and complications associated with TEE.
Risk of Psychiatric Disorders after Traumatic Brain Injury (P3.341)

Objective:To quantify the risk of psychiatric illness after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Background:Several high-profile cases in professional athletes have raised concerns that head injury may lead to adverse psychiatric sequelae. However, little data exist to support an association between TBI and subsequent psychiatric disorders. Methods: Using administrative data on emergency department (ED) visits and hospitalizations in California, Florida, and New York, we identified patients with TBI diagnosed in 2005-2012. TBI was defined using International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification codes in accordance with the Center for Disease Control’s definitions of TBI. Mild TBI included all patients discharged home from the ED, moderate included all inpatients with TBI who did not require mechanical ventilation, and severe included all inpatients with TBI requiring mechanical ventilation. Psychiatric illness was defined as an ED visit or hospitalization with a primary psychiatric diagnosis code, excluding those for dementia. We used Poisson regression with robust standard errors to compare the incidence rate of psychiatric visits after TBI as compared to patients’ baseline rate before TBI. Results:We identified 1,236,274 patients with TBI. Of these, 1,007,494 had mild TBI, 202,063 moderate TBI, and 26,717 severe TBI. The mean follow-up period was 3.3 (±1.5) years before TBI and 2.8 (±1.5) years after TBI. The incidence rate of psychiatric visits was higher after TBI as compared to before TBI (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 1.36; 95[percnt] confidence interval [CI], 1.34-1.38). Our findings were similar for mild TBI (IRR, 1.39; 95[percnt] CI, 1.36-1.41), moderate TBI (IRR, 1.25; 95[percnt] CI, 1.20-1.30), and severe TBI (IRR, 1.35; 95[percnt] CI, 1.22-1.49). Conclusions:We found a significantly higher rate of psychiatric visits after TBI as compared to patients’ baseline rate before TBI. Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that TBI leads to adverse psychiatric sequelae. Disclosure: Dr. Merkler has nothing to disclose. Dr. Gusdon has nothing to disclose. Dr. Roh has nothing to disclose. Dr. Murthy has nothing to disclose. Dr. Kamel has received personal compensation from Genentech as a speaker. Dr. Kamel has received personal compensation in an editorial capacity for Journal Watch Neurology.
Molecular Dynamics and Monte Carlo Simulations of Rare Events

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the methods for simulating systems with strong energy barriers. It discusses two distinct problems. The first concerns systems in which energy barriers form bottlenecks in phase space. Barrier crossings are sufficiently infrequent that one must invent new methods for the computer simulation of such systems. The reactive-flux methodology allows to simulate such systems and to study thereby chemical reaction dynamics in condensed systems. The second problem involves systems without strong barriers but with multiple time scales. The major goal is to develop methods for efficiently simulating the dynamics of such systems. The chapter also describes several methods for determining the equilibrium properties of such systems. One method involves introducing anisotropic masses. This is Bennett's mass-tensor dynamics. The other methods are based on a biased sampling of displacements in Monte Carlo simulations.
Developing biomarkers for predicting clinical relapse in pemphigus patients treated with rituximab

Background Rituximab is an effective therapy for pemphigus, although relapses are common. Objective To identify biomarkers to predict relapse of pemphigus following rituximab treatment. Methods In this retrospective cohort study, 62 patients with pemphigus treated with 99 rituximab cycles provided longitudinal clinical scoring and biomarker data, including levels of CD19 + B cells, CD4 + T cells, and desmoglein 1 (Dsg1) and desmoglein 3 (Dsg3) autoantibodies. An extended time-variant Kaplan-Meier estimator and extended Cox model were applied. Results Relapse was rare before B-cell repopulation. Univariate analysis revealed low CD4 count ( P 20 IU) was predictive of relapse among patients with mucocutaneous disease (hazard ratio, 6.40; P = .019); a positive result of testing for Dsg3 (>20 IU) was predictive in patients with mucocutaneous and mucosal disease (hazard ratio, 32.92; P P = .029). A positive result of testing for Dsg1 increases the risk for relapse by a factor of 12.32 in patients with mucocutaneous disease ( P = .001); positive result of testing for Dsg3 increases risk for relapse by 28.38 in patients with mucosal and mucocutaneous disease ( P = .006). Limitations Limitations include the retrospective design and inconsistent follow-up. Conclusion Relapse is associated with B-cell repopulation, low CD4 + T -cell count, and positive result of testing for Dsg1 and Dsg3.
Understanding the Impact and Treatment of Moral Injury Among Military Service Members

Moral injury refers to a set of reactions to acts of perpetration or commission that violate an individual’s deeply held beliefs and moral values. Although there is consensus that military service increases exposure to morally injurious events, there is no clear definition on what events do and do not constitute moral injury, which makes drawing firm conclusions regarding the prevalence of moral injury among military populations difficult. Exposure to morally injurious events places individuals at a greater risk for a range of poor mental health outcomes, which may be mediated by negative posttraumatic cognitions. Therefore, treatments that emphasize restructuring such cognitions are likely to be effective in treating the effects of moral injury, though data are lacking. In this article, we provide an overview of the key scientific findings regarding moral injury and highlight areas where future research is needed. Potential challenges in treating the negative sequelae of moral injury are also discussed.
Bioarchaeology of China: Bridging Biological and Archaeological Inquiries

Biological anthropology in China has evolved greatly over the one and half centuries in which it has been practiced. Until the middle of the twentieth century, skeletal analysis formed part of a holistic four-field anthropological practice. After the rise of the Chinese Communist Party, archaeology programs became independent and anthropology departments focused predominantly on physical anthropology and paleoanthropology. In the last several decades, biological anthropology has experienced rapid growth, and has made important contributions to Chinese archaeology. While biological anthropology within China has long been in close contact with the field in other countries, it also draws from a long independent tradition of Chinese historiography, antiquarianism, and medical studies, and has undergone more than 100 years of development within China to become a discipline with its own research foci and disciplinary boundaries.
The Spirit of the Hive and How a Superorganism Evolves

Social insects presented Darwin (1859) with major difficulties for his fledgling theory of evolution by natural selection. How could differential survival and reproduction result in sterility, differential anatomy and behavior between sterile workers and queens, and differentiation among the sterile individuals of a colony? Maurice Maeterlink, Belgian author and Nobel Laureate, wrote (in 1901) about the “inverted city” of the honey bee noting that there is no central authority, that order and organization is achieved mysteriously through what he called the “spirit of the hive” [Maeterlink M, The life of the bee. Dodd, Mead, and Company, New York, 1913]. William Morton Wheeler [J Morphol 22:307–325, 1911; The social insects. Harcourt, Brace and company, New York, 1928], Harvard entomologist and philosopher, proposed that insect societies are true “superorganisms” because they are organized for nutrition, reproduction and defense, a view that was initially supported by biologists but lost favor by the early 1970s. Holldobler and Wilson resurrected the superorganism in their book The Superorganism: the Beauty, Elegance, and Strangeness of Insect Societies [W. W. Norton, New York, 2008]. However, fundamental questions remain about the evolution of insect societies as superorganisms. Not only is there order without central control (the spirit of the hive), there is also no central genome on which natural selection can operate to sculpt a social system. Here, I will locate and define the honey bee “spirit of the hive” and show how selection operating on social traits involved in colony nutrition, a superorganismal trait of Wheeler, changes the genome, development, physiology, and behavior of individual workers that affect the “spirit of the hive” and, therefore, social organization.
Marijuana Treatment Entries Did Not Decrease After Aggressive Arrest Policies Were Implemented in New York City.

In the mid-late 1990s Mayor Rudy Giuliani and Police Chief William Bratton focused on arresting and detaining people for crimes that contributed to a lower "quality-of-life" in New York City. This aggressive arrest policy (AAP) resulted in a record growth in marijuana arrests. In 1992, the number of marijuana arrests was around 5,000. By 2000, the arrest rate hit an all-time high of about 60,000 (the large majority of which were for misdemeanor arrests in both years). Through a triangulation of data sources, including the Uniform Crime Reports and the Treatment Episode Data Set from 1992 to 2003, and other published accounts, this paper shows that entries into treatment for marijuana dramatically increased in New York City at the same time as misdemeanor and felony arrests for marijuana also rose. While it is unclear if these arrests caused the treatment increase (vis-a-vis criminal justice referral programs), the presence of these two phenomena show that policy regimes of increased treatment and increased law enforcement actions can co-exist. The oft-heard phrase "treatment versus law enforcement" may represent a false dichotomy in drug policy analysis.
GraFboost: using accelerated flash storage for external graph analytics

We describe GraFBoost, a flash-based architecture with hardware acceleration for external analytics of multi-terabyte graphs. We compare the performance of GraFBoost with 1 GB of DRAM against various state-of-the-art graph analytics software including FlashGraph, running on a 32-thread Xeon server with 128 GB of DRAM. We demonstrate that despite the relatively small amount of DRAM, GraFBoost achieves high performance with very large graphs no other system can handle, and rivals the performance of the fastest software platforms on sizes of graphs that existing platforms can handle. Unlike in-memory and semi-external systems, GraFBoost uses a constant amount of memory for all problems, and its performance decreases very slowly as graph sizes increase, allowing GraFBoost to scale to much larger problems than possible with existing systems while using much less resources on a single-node system. The key component of GraFBoost is the sort-reduce accelerator, which implements a novel method to sequentialize fine-grained random accesses to flash storage. The sort-reduce accelerator logs random update requests and then uses hardware-accelerated external sorting with interleaved reduction functions. GraFBoost also stores newly updated vertex values generated in each superstep of the algorithm lazily with the old vertex values to further reduce I/O traffic. We evaluate the performance of GraFBoost for PageRank, breadth-first search and betweenness centrality on our FPGA-based prototype (Xilinx VC707 with 1 GB DRAM and 1 TB flash) and compare it to other graph processing systems including a pure software implementation of GrapFBoost.
Discovery of Human-Specific Immunodominant Chlamydia trachomatis B Cell Epitopes.

ABSTRACT Chlamydia species-specific serology is compromised by cross-reactivity of the gold standard microimmunofluorescence (MIF) or commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). This study was conducted to discover novel C. trachomatis-specific peptide antigens that were recognized only by the antibody response of the natural human host. We evaluated a library of 271 peptide antigens from immunodominant C. trachomatis proteins by reactivity with 125 C. trachomatis antibody-positive sera from women with PCR-confirmed C. trachomatis infection and 17 C. trachomatis antibody-negative sera from low-risk women never diagnosed with C. trachomatis infection. These C. trachomatis peptide antigens had been predicted in silico to contain B cell epitopes but had been nonreactive with mouse hyperimmune sera against C. trachomatis. We discovered 38 novel human host-dependent antigens from 20 immunodominant C. trachomatis proteins (PmpD, IncE, IncG, CT529, CT618, CT442, TarP, CT143, CT813, CT795, CT223, PmpC, CT875, CT579, LcrE, IncA, CT226, CT694, Hsp60, and pGP3). Using these human sera, we also confirmed 10 C. trachomatis B cell epitopes from 6 immunodominant C. trachomatis proteins (OmpA, PmpD, IncE, IncG, CT529, and CT618) as host species-independent epitopes that had been previously identified by their reactivity with mouse hyperimmune sera against C. trachomatis. ELISA reactivities against these peptides correlated strongly with the C. trachomatis microimmunofluorescence (MIF) text results (Pearson’s correlation coefficient [R] = 0.80; P IMPORTANCE Current serological assays for species-specific detection of anti-Chlamydia species antibodies suffer from well-known shortcomings in specificity and ease of use. Due to the high prevalences of both anti-C. trachomatis and anti-C. pneumoniae antibodies in human populations, species-specific serology is unreliable. Therefore, novel specific and simple assays for chlamydial serology are urgently needed. Conventional antigens are problematic due to extensive cross-reactivity within Chlamydia spp. Using accurate B cell epitope prediction and a robust peptide ELISA methodology developed in our laboratory, we identified immunodominant C. trachomatis B cell epitopes by screening performed with sera from C. trachomatis-infected women. We discovered 38 novel human host-dependent antigens from 20 immunodominant C. trachomatis proteins, in addition to confirming 10 host-independent mouse serum peptide antigens that had been identified previously. This extended set of highly specific C. trachomatis peptide antigens can be used in simple ELISA or multiplexed microarray formats and will provide high specificity and sensitivity to human C. trachomatis serodiagnosis.
SHIP CENTERPLANE SOURCE DISTRIBUTION

A procedure for calculating the irrotational flow about a double ship model, by solving a Fredholm integral equation of the first kind for a centerplane source distribution, is described. The special problems of determining the curve in the centerplane bounding the source distribution and of smoothing sharply peaking integrands, to improve the accuracy of discretization of the integral equation, are treated. Application to ellipsoids, for which the results of the calculations can be compared with an exact solution, and to a ship form with parabolic lines, for which experimental data are available for comparison, indicate that satisfactory accuracy can be obtained by the method. A justification for using a centerplane distribution is that, as is shown, a line integral which appears in the higher-order solution for the flow about a ship form at nonzero Froude numbers can be avoided with such a distribution.
Diagnosis and Management of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor‐Associated Neurologic Toxicity: Illustrative Case and Review of the Literature

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) initiate antitumor immunity by blocking the action of immune inhibitor-signaled cytotoxic proteins, such as cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4, programmed cell death protein 1, and programmed cell death ligand 1. However, in rare cases (∼1%-12% of patients), ICI treatment causes neurologic immune-related adverse events (irAEs). These include, but are not limited to, headache, encephalitis, neuropathies, myasthenia gravis, and myositis. The symptoms associated with irAEs can range from mild (grade 1-2) to severe (grade 3-4); however, they are often challenging to diagnose because they may present as generalized symptoms, such as fatigue and weakness, that can also be caused by the cancer itself. Here, we present an illustrative case of a 67-year-old woman who presented with signs of a neurologic irAE, including progressive dysphagia and weakness leading to falls, which started during treatment with pembrolizumab and worsened following initiation of ipilimumab. Following neurological and pathological evaluation, she was diagnosed with myositis. She was treated with steroids and improved rapidly. In this article, we review previous literature to provide guidance to frequently asked questions concerning the diagnosis and management of neurologic irAEs in patients with advanced cancer. With prompt and effective treatment, most patients will achieve a complete recovery. KEY POINTS: Neurologic immune-related adverse events (irAEs) affect approximately 1% of patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) monotherapy and 2%-3% treated with combination therapy. These irAEs can affect any portion of the nervous system, although peripheral nerve system manifestations are most common. Overlap syndromes with multiple neurologic irAEs or other affected organ systems frequently exist.Diagnosis of neurologic irAEs can be challenging. Routine testing may be unremarkable and symptoms frequently mimic those from cancer or side effects of other therapies. Optimal management is currently unknown. A systematic, highly coordinated, and multidisciplinary approach is critical.Outcomes from neurologic irAEs are typically favorable with the current practice of holding the ICI and starting corticosteroids. Some patients are even successfully retreated with an ICI. A subset of patients, however, have a fulminant and potentially fatal course.Improved risk assessments and targeted therapies are needed.
Chevron-type graphene nanoribbons with a reduced energy band gap: Solution synthesis, scanning tunneling microscopy and electrical characterization

Graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) attract a growing interest due to their tunable physical properties and promise for device applications. A variety of atomically precise GNRs have recently been synthesized by on-surface and solution approaches. While on-surface GNRs can be conveniently visualized by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), and their electronic structure can be probed by scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS), such characterization remains a great challenge for the solution-synthesized GNRs. Here, we report solution synthesis and detailed STM/STS characterization of atomically precise GNRs with a meandering shape that are structurally related to chevron GNRs but have a reduced energy band gap. The ribbons were synthesized by Ni0-mediated Yamamoto polymerization of specially designed molecular precursors using triflates as the leaving groups and oxidative cyclodehydrogenation of the resulting polymers using Scholl reaction. The ribbons were deposited onto III-V semiconducting InAs(110) substrates by a dry contact transfer technique. High-resolution STM/STS characterization not only confirmed the GNR geometry, but also revealed details of electronic structure including energy states, electronic band gap, as well as the spatial distribution of the local density of states. The experimental STS band gap of GNRs is about 2 eV, which is very close to 2.35 eV predicted by the density functional theory simulations with GW correction, indicating a weak screening effect of InAs(110) substrate. Furthermore, several aspects of GNR-InAs(110) substrate interactions were also probed and analyzed, including GNR tunable transparency, alignment to the substrate, and manipulations of GNR position by the STM tip. The weak interaction between the GNRs and the InAs(110) surface makes InAs(110) an ideal substrate for investigating the intrinsic properties of GNRs. Because of the reduced energy band gap of these ribbons, the GNR thin films exhibit appreciably high electrical conductivity and on/off ratios of about 10 in field-effect transistor measurements, suggesting their promise for device applications.
Performance of Chromogenic Agar Media for Isolation of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli from Ground Beef.

ABSTRACT The performance of three chromogenic agar media for detection of the "top seven" Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) in beef was compared. Samples of retail ground beef were inoculated with STEC O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, O145, or O157 at geometric mean (±standard error of the mean) levels of 0, 48 (±1), 420 (±1), 4,100 (±1), or 45,000 (±1) CFU/10 g and enriched 1:10 (90 mL) in EC broth (40°C for 6 h). Following enrichment, aliquots of broth culture were treated by immunomagnetic separation with one of three pools of beads against the seven STEC serogroups: pool I, O26, O45, and O121; pool II, O103, O111, and O145; and pool III, O157. After immunomagnetic separation, 50 μL of washed bead suspensions in buffered peptone water were spiral plated onto modified Rainbow Agar O157 (mRBA), CHROMagar STEC (CS), or modified Posse differential medium (mPosse2) and incubated at 37°C for 18 h. Up to six isolated colonies were picked from each spiral plate based on expected colony phenotypes for STEC on the respective media, and isolate identity was confirmed with an 11-plex PCR assay targeting the O serogroups and virulence genes. Overall, mRBA had the highest sensitivity (99.2%), correctly detecting a significantly higher proportion of STEC serogroups than either CS (79.4%; P < 0.05) or mPosse2 (91.7%; P < 0.05). mRBA also had the highest negative predictive value (90.0%), correctly identifying a significantly higher proportion of true-negative samples compared with CS (25.7%; P < 0.05) and mPosse2 (46.2%; P < 0.05). However, mRBA also had the lowest analytical specificity of 83.2% (P < 0.05), yielding the lowest proportion of colonies tested that were STEC positive (3,548 of 4,263) compared with 97.7% (3,607 of 3,693) for mPosse2 and 98.0% (2,875 of 2,935) for CS. Reduced specificity results in more work and higher expense due to the increased number of colonies that must be tested. Further improvements in agar culture media for non-O157 STEC isolation are needed. HIGHLIGHTS
Advanced 2D material optoelectronic devices

2D materials have a number of intriguing value proposition that could be harnessed for compact, tunable, high-performance optoelectronic devices when heterogeneously integrated in photonic circuits. Here I review our latest work including; (1) tunable TMD-based microring resonator with engineered critical-coupling condition, (2) a broadband graphene plasmon-slot detector (R=0.7A/W), (3) a bandgap-shifted strain-engineered absorption-enhanced MoTe2 photodetector at 1.55um (R=0.5A/W, low-dark-current <10nA@-1V), (4) a record-high responsivity (R=1.4A/W) slot-plasmon exciton-modulated MoTe2 detector, (5) a MoS2 electro-absorption modulator all enabled by our recently developed method of cross-contamination-free yet deterministic dry transfer 2D material ‘printer’ mimicking a 3D printer for enabling rapid prototyping. These devices are based on heterogeneous integration of 2D materials into Silicon and SiN photonics, with the latter used for on-exciton modulation or exciton absorption.
Enduring Designs, Transient Designers: A Comparison of the Workspaces and Materials of Professionals and Novices

This article reports results of a comparative analysis of expert and novice designers’ collaborative practice, focusing on differences in their workspaces and work materials. We conceptualize workspaces and materials as boundary objects and use the dimensions of infrastructure taxonomized by Star and Ruhleder (1996) as a framework for our analysis. As a result of the differences we observed, we suggest pedagogical implementations that may help novice designers learn to collaborate as experts do, and we identify further avenues for research and study.
The Effects of Music on Physiological and Affective Responses to Treadmill Walking in Adults with Down Syndrome: a Pilot Study

This study was aimed at investigating the impact of music on exercise performance and affective response to exercise in individuals with Down syndrome (DS). Twelve individuals with DS completed a treadmill walking protocol in both music and no music conditions. Heart rate (HR), walking steps, rate of perceived exertion (RPE), and enjoyment scores were measured in this study. Participants significantly walked more steps with increased exercise HR and percentage MaxHR achieved under music condition. It is speculated that the involvement of music may motivate participants with DS to exert more effort. However, RPE and enjoyment were not significantly affected by music. The positive effect of music may not be strong enough to interfere with peripheral sensory input since half the participants performed at a vigorous level. Still, the implication of our results showed that music could promote physical performance for health benefits in individuals with DS.
Econ Beats: A Semester Long, Interdisciplinary, Project-Based Learning Assignment

Innovative teaching in economic education has used media, music, and popular culture. We provide educators with a semester-long, interdisciplinary, collaborative, active learning project called Econ Beats. The project requires students from Economics to work with media students over an entire semester to create a music video that explains economic content. The highlight of project is a public screening that showcases students’ projects. We provide a blue print to educators on how to best incorporate the assignment and plan the event. The project brings attention to economics, and is a way to engage the community.
Better than television: The rise of Korean web dramas:

The web dramas produced and consumed in South Korea are a short, serialized form of content produced specifically for mobile viewing platforms. Through discursive analysis, this article examines th...
Case Studies in Pediatric Music Therapy During COVID-19

The COVID-19 pandemic changed the lives of very nearly every person in the world. For the music therapy profession and those populations that can benefit from its application, the ramifications are no less palpable, though they have been changing on a day-today basis. During the initial phase of the pandemic, the expressive therapy team, including the music therapists at Primary Children's Hospital in Salt Lake City, was directed to work remotely using virtual platforms to facilitate services. Several studies conducted both prior to the pandemic and since its arrival in the United States demonstrate the delivery of expressive therapies via remote, web-based platforms. However, there is a general lack of literature on the subject. This article brings forward 3 case examples in order to illustrate the methods of achieving goals and objectives in distanced music therapy: a 5-year-old girl needing a heart transplant, an 11-year-old girl requiring tri-weekly hemodialysis for end-stage renal disease, and 2 brothers whose sister died of rhabdomyosarcoma and who was treated at Primary Children's Hospital. These case stories offer perspective on both the challenges and positive responses that occurred throughout the process, with a focus on the adaptation to virtual music therapy services during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Assessing Water Clarity and Trophic Condition of the Bight of Bangkok with Satellite Remote Sensing Imagery

Eutrophication caused by excessive inputs of nutrients is the most common impairment of surface waters. Traditional water quality assessment techniques are costly and time-consuming, often resulting in sporadic sampling over time and space. With this study we test the applicability and accuracy of satellite-based water clarity/trophic condition assessment methods developed for inland lakes in temperate zones over the tropical zone, the Bight of Bangkok, in the Gulf of Thailand. The secondary objectives are to examine the comparability of Thematic Mapper sensor with the Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus sensor, and to investigate the accuracy improvement by using surface radiance values instead of raw digital numbers. Results showed that the accuracy of water clarity/trophic state prediction using the satellite data was quite high (r2 values 0.779 -- 0.899; p < 0.001). The r2 from the two sensors were not significantly different, indicating that this method can be used with both sensors. The difference of r2 results between digital numbers and radiance values were not substantial; however, the r2 of radiance values improved slightly. We argue that satellite image data and the presented model provide a cost effective and accurate method for water quality assessment and monitoring on a regional scale in tropical environments.
Attitudinal Gains from Engagement with Metacognitive Tutors in an Exploratory Learning Environment

MILA–T (MILA–Tutoring) is constructed to give students explicit instruction on scientific modeling and inquiry, intending in part to help cultivate positive attitudes toward science. The results of a two-week controlled experiment using MILA–T in middle school classroom show a significant effect of MILA–T on students’ attitudes towards science.
A Framework for Understanding the Chronic Stress of Holocaust Survivors

Survivors of the Holocaust endured traumatic life situations that defy comprehension. The negative sequelae of this man-made disaster have been extensively documented (for reviews, see Kahana, Harel, & Kahana, 1988; Lomrantz, 1990). In particular, many survivors have been found to suffer long-lasting psychological distress. These after-effects of trauma have been generally viewed by social science researchers and clinicians as adverse reactions to a singular cataclysmic stressor that occurred in the distant past. However, the full spectrum of chronic stressors that long-term survivors of trauma had to cope with, and may continue to endure, has seldom been explored.
Analytic criteria for fuses for explosive flux compression generators

An approach to optimizing the fuse opening switch geometry for explosive magnetic flux compression generators (EMGs or MCGs) is analagous to that developed by Maisonnier, Linhart, and Gourlan (1966) for inductive store/opening switch pulse sharpening of capacitor discharges. That is, the cross section of the fuses, should be related via an integral equation to the fuse material properties and the discharge current. The author investigates fuse optimisation based on the integral equation.