cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Forced swimming alters vaginal estrous cycles, body composition, and steroid levels without disrupting lordosis behavior or fertility in rats

The purpose of the present studies was to examine how exercise affects reproductive physiology and behavior. In four separate experiments, exercise regimens of forced swimming or swimming plus running, were gradually increased in duration to a maximum of 2.5 hours. Vaginal cycles were monitored daily and after eight weeks animals were tested for sexual behavior, ability to breed, changes in body composition, circulating levels of estradiol, progesterone, and corticosterone. Total body lipids were lowered in animals that both ran and swam and parametrial fat pad weight was reduced in all exercising animals. Although exercise lowered circulating levels of ovarian steroids, elevated corticosterone levels and disrupted vaginal cycles, exercised animals exhibited normal sexual behavior and bred successfully. These data indicate that intense exercise can, under certain conditions, disrupt the mechanisms controlling vaginal cycles while the neuroendocrine mechanisms controlling sexual receptivity, ovulation, and fertility remain intact.
The Chandra automated processing system: challenges, design enhancements, and lessons learned

Chandra standard data processing involves hundreds of different types of data products and pipelines. Pipelines are initiated by different types of events or notifications and may depend upon many other pipelines for input data. The Chandra automated processing system (AP) was designed to handle the various notifications and orchestrate the pipeline processing. Certain data sets may require "special" handling that deviates slightly from the standard processing thread. Also, bulk reprocessing of data often involves new processing requirements. Most recently, a new type of processing to produce source catalogs has introduced requirements not anticipated by the original AP design. Managing these complex dependencies and evolving processing requirements in an efficient, flexible, and automated fashion presents many challenges. This paper describes the most significant of these challenges, the AP design changes required to address these issues and the lessons learned along the way.
Intelligent Extended Clustering Genetic Algorithm

In this paper, the problem of clustering intelligent web using K-means algorithm has been analyzed and the need for a new data clustering algorithm such as Genetic Algorithm (GA) is justified. We propose an Intelligent Extended Clustering Genetic Algorithm (IECGA) using Business Process Execution Language (BPEL) to be an optimal solution for data clustering. It improves the efficiency and performance for retrieving a proper information results that satisfy user's needs. The proposed IECGA uses several mutation operators simultaneously to produce next generation. This series of random mutation process depend on chromosome best fitness in the population and rely on high relevancy as well. The mutation operation will guarantee the success of IECGA for data clustering since it expands the search. So the highly effective mutation operators the greater effects on the genetic process. Finally, IECGA for data clustering gives the user needed documents based on similarity between query matching and relevant document mechanism. The results obtained from the web intelligent search engine are optimal.
Two counterexamples in normalization

In this paper, we offer a correction to Commutative Algebra by Oscar Zariski and Pierre Samuel by noting two erroneous theorems and offering counterexamples for each.
The generating analytic element approach with application to the modified Helmholtz equation

In this paper a new method for obtaining functions with a given singular behavior that satisfy a class of partial differential equations is presented. Differential equations of this class contain operators of the form $${\nabla^{2n}}$$ , where n is a positive integer. The method uses Wirtinger calculus which enables one to invert the Laplacian in combination with the decomposition method introduced by Adomian at the end of the twentieth century. The procedure uses a singular holomorphic function as its basis, and constructs the solution term by term as an infinite series of functions; the process consists of an infinite number of steps of integration. This method is applied to construct a number of singular solutions to the modified Helmholtz equation in the context of groundwater flow. These functions are discharge potentials, which are two-dimensional functions by definition. The gradient of the discharge potential is the vertically integrated flow over the thickness of an aquifer, or water-bearing layer. The discharge potentials of interest here are those used in the analytic element method. This method, as originally conceived, relies on the superposition of suitably chosen holomorphic functions, and is a form of a method known as the Trefftz method, not to be confused with the Trefftz method applied to finite element techniques. The main analytic elements used are singular line elements, characterized by either a jump along the element in the tangential or the normal component of the discharge vector. The analytic line elements for the case of divergence-free irrotational flow are well established and many of these are forms of singular Cauchy integrals. Application of the analytic element method to more general cases of flow, governed for example by the modified Helmholtz equation (flow in systems of aquifers separated by leaky layers) and the heat equation (transient flow) is possible using the method presented in this paper. The latter application is beyond the scope of this paper, but it is worth noting that for that case the constant that occurs in the modified Helmholtz is replaced by a general function of time and application of Laplace transforms can be avoided. A method for constructing such functions is presented; the procedure for constructing these functions is referred to as the generating analytic element approach. Application of this approach requires the existence of the holomorphic singular line element. The approach is discussed and an example for the case of a line-sink for a system of two aquifers separated by a leaky layer and bounded above by in impermeable boundary is presented.
A study of hydrogen transport during plastic deformation

Abstract Hydrogen (deuterium) transport during plastic deformation was studied in type 304 and 310 stainless steels and in nickel using Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry. Deuterium diffusion profiles were measured for specimens which were electrochemically charged during deformation, and for undeformed samples. No significant effect of plastic deformation on the deuterium profiles was observed for the 310 stainless steel. In the 304 stainless steel, an increased depth of diffusion was observed to result from plastic deformation which could be attributed to deformation induced formation of martensite. The diffusion coefficient of deuterium in stainless steel was estimated from the measured profiles. In Ni the effect of plastic deformation on disruption of the surface hydride was noted. No evidence for deformation enhanced diffusivity of hydrogen was observed.
Depression increases diabetes symptoms by complicating patients' self-care adherence.

Purpose This study evaluated whether diabetes patients with depressive symptoms are more likely than other diabetes patients to report symptoms of glucose dysregulation, and whether this relationship is mediated by the impact of depressive symptoms on patients' adherence to their diabetes self-care regimen. Methods Participants were English- and Spanish-speaking adults with type 2 diabetes. Interviewers assessed participants' depressive symptoms and diabetes-related symptoms at baseline. Self-care behaviors and diabetes symptoms were measured at a 1-year follow-up. Structural equation models were used to determine whether depression affected diabetes symptoms by limiting patients' ability to adhere to self-care recommendations. Results An initial model identified direct effects of baseline depressive symptoms on self-care and diabetes symptoms at follow-up. The relationship between self-care behaviors and physical symptoms of poor glycemic control were assessed using a second model. Results explained the relationship between depressive symptoms at baseline and diabetes symptoms at 1 year. Conclusions Depressive symptoms impact subsequent physical symptoms of poor glucose control by influencing patients' ability to adhere to their self-care regimen. More aggressive management of depression among patients with diabetes may improve their physical health as well as their mental health.
Measurements of Heat Capacity of Pure Titanium and Zirconium by Electromagnetic Levitation

The heat capacity of titanium and zirconium was measured in the temperature range from approximately 1,300 K to 1,800 K . The measurement technique is based on the modulated power method originally proposed by Fecht and Johnson. The heat capacity of a sample can be derived from the sample’s temperature response to the modulated electromagnetic heating power if the sample’s total hemispherical emissivity is known. The experiments were performed using an electromagnetic levitator. The solid titanium and zirconium samples were suspended in the center of an induction coil with a very small diameter (0.15 mm) Pt (87 %)-Rh (13 %) wire. The heat capacity measurements of titanium and zirconium are presented, and the uncertainty is estimated to be ±3 %.
Characterization of CLYC Detectors for a Next-Generation Unattended Sensor

We are developing a next-generation unattended sensor for detecting anomalous radiation sources. The system uses a scintillator material with dual sensitivity to gamma rays and neutrons, Cs2LiYCl6:Ce (CLYC), to reduce the size and complexity of the design. CLYC also offers a best-case energy resolution under 4% full width at half maximum at 662 keV, and allows for particle discrimination by pulse amplitude as well as pulse shape. The unattended sensor features sixteen one-inch CLYC detectors, each read out by a photomultiplier tube and custom readout electronics. A field-programmable gate array implements a suite of efficient processing algorithms for anomaly detection and isotope identification, and transmits alarm information to a base station via a wireless link. The system is designed to operate on battery power for several weeks. In this paper, we report the energy resolution, linearity, and temperature stability of the first CLYC detectors acquired for the project. Rather than characterizing the scintillator material under ideal conditions, we evaluate the detectors with the components selected for the unattended sensor, acknowledging the tradeoffs imposed by small size, limited power budget, and uncontrolled environmental conditions.
Evolutionary selection for perfect hairpin structures in viral DNAs

Several recent discoveries1 have pointed to nucleic acid secondary structure as an additional dimension in gene expression2. Further evidence for the formation of hairpins in RNA is the fact that cruciforms exist in negatively supercoiled DNAs3–5. As potential binding sites for proteins, these structures have been proposed to play a part in the regulation of various crucial reactions, such as replication6,7, transcription8, or RNA processing9. As any random nucleotide sequence can self-anneal with an approximately 50% chance of forming some Watson-Crick-type base pairs10, it is difficult to assess which, if any, of all possible hairpin-like secondary structures may be biologically relevant. We have computed the expected distribution of perfectly base-paired structures as a function of loop size and stem length and compared it with the distribution observed in the complete genome of eight DNA viruses from animals, plants and bacteria. We report here that hairpins having six or more consecutive base pairs in the stem are not distributed randomly along the genome, occur much more often than chance would predict, and are particularly over-represented in regions that appear to have regulatory significance. The average loop size was found to decrease with an increase in stem length. These results support our previous hypothesis that these structures are biologically relevant11.
Correction to ‘producing good code for the case statement’

An O(n 2 ) algorithm for splitting a case statement's jump table into the minimum number of subtables (of a given density) is presented. Previously, the problem was thought to be NP-complete
Rapid responses of soil microorganisms improve plant fitness in novel environments

Global change is challenging plant and animal populations with novel environmental conditions, including increased atmospheric CO2 concentrations, warmer temperatures, and altered precipitation regimes. In some cases, contemporary or “rapid” evolution can ameliorate the effects of global change. However, the direction and magnitude of evolutionary responses may be contingent upon interactions with other community members that also are experiencing novel environmental conditions. Here, we examine plant adaptation to drought stress in a multigeneration experiment that manipulated aboveground–belowground feedbacks between plants and soil microbial communities. Although drought stress reduced plant growth and accelerated plant phenologies, surprisingly, plant evolutionary responses to drought were relatively weak. In contrast, plant fitness in both drought and nondrought environments was linked strongly to the rapid responses of soil microbial community structure to moisture manipulations. Specifically, plants were most fit when their contemporary environmental conditions (wet vs. dry soil) matched the historical environmental conditions (wet vs. dry soil) of their associated microbial community. Together, our findings suggest that, when faced with environmental change, plants may not be limited to “adapt or migrate” strategies; instead, they also may benefit from association with interacting species, especially diverse soil microbial communities, that respond rapidly to environmental change.
the semantics of kin term usage1

Critics have argued that formal analyses of kinship terminologies are inadequate because they do not account for the social meaning communicated in the actual use of the terms. This paper describes an approach based on research in sociolinguistics and generative semantics which attempts to deal with this objection. The utility of this approach is demonstrated by an analysis of data on the usage of kin terms in a Turkish village. The results are (1) that the “interactive” social meaning conveyed by the contextual use of kin terms is determined by the power or solidarity relationships which exist between speakers and hearers and (2) that “conversational postulates” determine whether a literal or a conversationally implied interactive meaning is relevant.
Rethinking the liquidity puzzle: application of a new measure of the economic money stock

Historically, attempts to solve the liquidity puzzle have focused on narrowly defined monetary aggregates, such as non-borrowed reserves, the monetary base, or M1. Many of these efforts have failed to find a short-term negative correlation between interest rates and monetary policy innovations. More recent research uses sophisticated macroeconomic and econometric modeling. However, little research has investigated the role measurement error plays in the liquidity puzzle, since in nearly every case, work investigating the liquidity puzzle has used one of the official monetary aggregates, which have been shown to exhibit significant measurement error. This paper examines the role that measurement error plays in the liquidity puzzle by (i) providing a theoretical framework explaining how the official simple-sum methodology can lead to a liquidity puzzle, and (ii) testing for the liquidity effect by estimating an unrestricted VAR.
Synthesis and characterization of thianthrene‐containing poly(benzoxazole)s

New thioether- and thianthrene-containing poly(benzoxazole)s (PBOs) were synthesized from 4,4'-thiobis[3-chlorobenzoic acid] and thianthrene-2,7- and -2,8-dicarbonyl chlorides with commercially available bis-o-aminophenols. Polymers were prepared via solution polycondensation in poly(phosphoric acid) at 90-200°C. Transparent PBO films were cast directly from polymerization mixtures or m-cresol. The films were flexible and tough. Non-fluorinated PBOs were soluble only in strong acids and AlCl 3 /NO 2 R systems by forming complexes with the benzoxazole heterocycle. Glass transition temperatures ranged from 298-450°C, and thermogravimetric analysis showed good thermal stabilities in both air and nitrogen atmospheres. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Federalist No. 10: Are Factions the Problem in Creating Democratic Accountability in the Public Interest?

Federalist No. 10 contains an optimistic view of the national government's ability to fulfill its obligations in the midst of what was, at the time, a small but challenged nation. This essay suggests that the founders did not anticipate the pernicious effects of rent seeking, corruption, and repression of minorities, and they failed to anticipate the calamities associated with slavery. The essay asks about the role of government as a party machine, a business, a policy process, and a contractor and examines a variety of contemporary theories for explaining government performance.
Bayesian-based selection of metabolic objective functions

Motivation: A critical component of in silico analysis of underdetermined metabolic systems is the identification of the appropriate objective function. A common assumption is that the objective of the cell is to maximize growth. This objective function has been shown to be consistent in a few limited experimental cases, but may not be universally appropriate. Here a method is presented to quantitatively determine the most probable objective function. Results: The genome-scale metabolism of Escherichia coli growing on succinate was used as a case-study for analysis. Five different objective functions, including maximization of growth rate, were chosen based on biological plausibility. A combination of flux balance analysis and linear programming was used to simulate cellular metabolism, which was then compared to independent experimental data using a Bayesian objective function discrimination technique. After comparing rates of oxygen uptake and acetate production, minimization of the production rate of redox potential was determined to be the most probable objective function. Given the appropriate reaction network and experimental data, the discrimination technique can be applied to any bacterium to test a variety of different possible objective functions. Contact: srivasta@engr.uconn.edu Supplementary information: Additional files, code and a program for carrying out model discrimination are available at http://www.engr.uconn.edu/~srivasta/modisc.html.
Spreading Inoculation: Inoculation, Resistance to Influence, and Word-of-Mouth Communication

Although inoculation has established efficacy in conferring resistance to influence for those directly exposed to inoculation pretreatment messages, we argue that inoculation’s effects may extend beyond those directly exposed to others via word-of-mouth communication (WOMC) along social networks. Specifically, we argue that inoculation’s effects on attitude accessibility, involvement, and threat are particularly conducive to the spread of inoculation content, offering WOMC as a new inoculation modality. Resume La diffusion de l‘inoculation : Inoculation, resistance a l’influence et communication de bouche a oreille Bien que l‘efficacite de l’inoculation pour generer de la resistance face a l‘influence ait eteetablie chez ceux directement exposes a des messages d’inoculation pre-traitement, nous soumettons que les effets de l‘inoculation peuvent s’etendre des personnes directement exposees a d’autres personnes par le biais de la communication de bouche a oreille (CBO) dans les reseaux sociaux. Nommement, nous arguons que les effets de l‘inoculation sur l’accessibilite des attitudes, sur l‘implication et sur la menace sont particulierement propices a la propagation du contenu d’inoculation et nous proposons la CBO comme une nouvelle modalite d‘inoculation. Abstract Die Verbreitung von Inokulation: Inokulation, Widerstand gegen Beeinflussung und mundliche Kommunikation Auch wenn die Wirksamkeit von Inokulation bezuglich des Widerstand gegen eine Beeinflussung fur diejenigen, die der inokulativ behandelten Botschaft direkt ausgesetzt werden, nachgewiesen wurde, argumentieren wir, dass diese Inokulationseffekte auch auf diejenigen ausgedehnt werden konnen, die uber einen direkten Zugang hinaus, namlich durch mundliche Kommunikation in sozialen Netzwerken, mit diesen in Kontakt kommen. Wir nehmen an, dass insbesondere die Inokulationseinflusse auf Einstellungszuganglichkeit, Involvement und Bedrohung dazu dienen, den Inokulationsinhalt zu verbreiten, und fuhren deshalb die mundliche Kommunikation als neue Inokulationsmodalitat ein. Resumen Diseminando la Inoculacion: La Inoculacion, La Resistencia a la Influencia, y la Comunicacion Boca a Boca Aun cuando la inoculacion ha establecido eficacia en conferir resistencia a la influencia de aquellos expuestos directamente a los mensajes de pre-tratamiento de inoculacion, sostenemos que los efectos de la inoculacion pueden extenderse mas alla de aquellos directamente expuestos a otros mediante la comunicacion boca a boca (WOMC) en las redes sociales. Mantenemos, especificamente, que los efectos de la inoculacion sobre la actitud de accesibilidad, participacion y amenaza son particularmente propicios para la diseminacion del contenido de la inoculacion, ofreciendo la comunicacion boca a boca (WOMC) como una nueva modalidad de la inoculacion. ZhaiYao Yo yak
A Methodology for Constructing User-Oriented Requirements Specifications for Large-Scale Systems Using Electronic Hypermedia

requirements specifications are developed for large-scale systems, the final specification is usually an abstraction of the original requirements data into a text-based form that is often foreign to end-users. A method was developed for representing requirements through use of electronic multimedia. The resulting specification is capable of representing requirements and requirements data in a manner that is more representative of the real-world problem space than traditional specifications. This paper presents a method for incorporating multimedia exhibits, notably the results of rapid prototyping activities and animated simulation, into a requirements specification for large-scale C2I systems. To examine the effectiveness of the method, a multimedia requirements specification was developed based on an existing text specification for a real-world system. An experiment was also performed that showed the product of the methodology to be effective in increasing the understandability of the specification over that obtained from the text specification alone.
Supervisory Control for Co-inject Hot Metal Desulfuration Processes

Mg-CaO Co-inject Desulphurization Process is a kind of new technics in which the reagent is directly injected into the hot metal which contains excess sulfur for the purpose of desulphurization by combining melt magnesium reagent with sulfur in the hot metal into MgS which will become the scruff floated on the top of the hot metal, and, finally, the final content of sulfur in the hot metal meets the production restriction. Since the performance of Mg reagent is changeful 􀋈 and the content of sulfur in the hot metal can not be obtained in the reagent injection process at real time, the result of desulphurization process is quite uncertain. Therefore, based on conventional loop control, this paper present a novel desulphurization process intelligent supervisory control technique by means of the simulation to domain expert's method to deal with the internal relation between the process data from different tanks, in which the self-adapting setup control mechanism combining a self-learning setup model and a feedback setup compensating model is build for restraining the influence of reagent performance change. The technique has been successfully applied in a plant desulphurization station control system design, and the controlled process has achieved optimization.
Least-Square NUFFT Methods Applied to 2-D and 3-D Radially Encoded MR Image Reconstruction

Radially encoded MRI has gained increasing attention due to its motion insensitivity and reduced artifacts. However, because its samples are collected nonuniformly in the k-space, multidimensional (especially 3-D) radially sampled MRI image reconstruction is challenging. The objective of this paper is to develop a reconstruction technique in high dimensions with on-the-fly kernel calculation. It implements general multidimensional nonuniform fast Fourier transform (NUFFT) algorithms and incorporates them into a k-space image reconstruction framework. The method is then applied to reconstruct from the radially encoded k-space data, although the method is applicable to any non-Cartesian patterns. Performance comparisons are made against the conventional Kaiser-Bessel (KB) gridding method for 2-D and 3-D radially encoded computer-simulated phantoms and physically scanned phantoms. The results show that the NUFFT reconstruction method has better accuracy-efficiency tradeoff than the KB gridding method when the kernel weights are calculated on the fly. It is found that for a particular conventional kernel function, using its corresponding deapodization function as a scaling factor in the NUFFT framework has the potential to improve accuracy. In particular, when a cosine scaling factor is used, the NUFFT method is faster than KB gridding method since a closed-form solution is available and is less computationally expensive than the KB kernel (KB griding requires computation of Bessel functions). The NUFFT method has been successfully applied to 2-D and 3-D in vivo studies on small animals.
The relationship of 3-D translabial ultrasound anal sphincter complex measurements to postpartum anal and fecal incontinence

Introduction and hypothesis We aimed to determine whether anal sphincter complex (ASC) measurements on translabial ultrasound (TL-US) were related to anal incontinence (AI) or fecal incontinence (FI) symptoms 6 months postpartum. Methods A prospective cohort of primiparous women underwent TL-US 6 months after a vaginal birth (VB) or cesarean delivery (CD). Muscle thickness was measured at 3, 6, 9, and 12 o’clock positions of the external anal sphincter (EAS), the same four quadrants of the internal anal sphincter (IAS) at proximal, mid, and distal levels, and at the bilateral pubovisceralis muscle (PVM). Measurements were correlated to AI and FI on the Wexner Fecal Incontinence Scale, with sub-analyses by mode of delivery. The odds ratio (OR) of symptoms was calculated for every 1 mm increase in muscle thickness (E1MIT). Results A total of 423 women (299 VB, 124 CD) had TL-US 6 months postpartum. Decreased AI risk was associated with thickermeasurementsatthe6o’clock(OR0.74E1MIT)and9 o’clock proximal IAS (OR 0.71 E1MIT) in the entire cohort. For CD women, thicker measurements of the 9 o’clock proximal IAS were associated with decreased risk of AI (OR 0.56 E1MIT) and thicker distal 6 o’clock IAS measurements were related to a decreased risk of FI (OR 0.37 E1MIT). For VB women, no sphincter measurements were significantly related tosymptoms, but thicker PVM measurementswere associated with increased risk of AI (right side OR 1.32 E1MIT; left side OR 1.21 E1MIT). Conclusions ASC anatomy is associated with AI and FI in certain locations; these locations vary based on the patient’s mode of delivery.
Outcomes following Distal Bypass Graft Occlusion in Diabetics

The objectives of this study were to define clinical outcomes following distal bypass graft occlusion in diabetic patients and identify factors predictive of limb loss. A retrospective review was conducted of all distal graft occlusions over a 5-year period in diabetic patients. Popliteal grafts, perioperative (30 days) failures, and redo distal bypasses were excluded. Eighty grafts were studied (43 cases done for ulcers, 31 for gangrene, and 6 for rest pain). Time to occlusion averaged 13 ± 17 months post-bypass (median 6 months). Interventions following graft occlusion (lysis, thrombectomy, revision, or new bypass) were carried out in only 26 cases, leading to limb salvage in 11 cases (42%). This compares to a limb salvage rate of 54% in the 54 cases where no intervention was done (p = NS). The overall amputation rate was 50% (14 AKAs and 26 BKAs). The interval between graft occlusion and amputation averaged 2 ± 2 months. Limbs saved were followed an average of 14 ± 11 months after graft occlusion. The presence of a foot wound (new or old) was associated with a higher likelihood of amputation (67% vs. 32% for cases with no foot wounds at the time of bypass failure; p < 0.005). In cases requiring an amputation, the toebrachial index averaged 0 ± 0 post-bypass failure vs. 0.2 ± 0.2 in cases where limbs were saved (p < 0.05). Patients with congestive heart failure or who were nonambulatory at the time of graft occlusion were more likely to end up with an amputation (p < 0.05). Limb loss was also more likely when gangrene had been the initial operative indication. No other factors were predictive of limb loss, including vein configuration, inflow or outflow level, prior bypass revision, known graft stenosis, time to occlusion, age, gender, other medical conditions, pre- or post-bypass ABI or TBI, graft velocities, or use of anticoagulants. Limb loss following primary distal bypass failure in diabetics is high. Repeat interventions have limited success. The findings justify aggressive programs of graft maintenance, and vigorous attempts at early closure of foot wounds.
Virtual environments for geographic visualization: potential and challenges

Virtual environment (VE) technologies have considerable potential to extend the power of information visualization methods, and those of scientific visualization more broadly. Our specific focus here is on VE technologies as a medium for geographic visualization and on some of the challenges that must be addressed if the potential of VE is to be realized in this context.
OSIRIS: automated synthesis of flat and hierarchical bus architectures for deep submicron systems on chip

This paper presents a bus architecture (BA) synthesis algorithm for designing the communication sub-system of an SoC. The novelty is that a potential variable at physical level, namely, total bus length is contemplated during the synthesis process. The algorithm generates both flat and hierarchical bus architecture using performance parameters, i.e., bus length, topology complexity, potential for communication conflicts over time. BA synthesis results for a network processor are discussed.
Adaptive finite volume methods with well‐balanced Riemann solvers for modeling floods in rugged terrain: Application to the Malpasset dam‐break flood (France, 1959)

The simulation of advancing flood waves over rugged topography, by solving the shallow-water equations with well-balanced high-resolution finite volume methods and block-structured dynamic adaptive mesh refinement (AMR), is described and validated in this paper. The efficiency of block-structured AMR makes large-scale problems tractable, and allows the use of accurate and stable methods developed for solving general hyperbolic problems on quadrilateral grids. Features indicative of flooding in rugged terrain, such as advancing wet―dry fronts and non-stationary steady states due to balanced source terms from variable topography, present unique challenges and require modifications such as special Riemann solvers. A well-balanced Riemann solver for inundation and general (non-stationary) flow over topography is tested in this context. The difficulties of modeling floods in rugged terrain, and the rationale for and efficacy of using AMR and well-balanced methods, are presented. The algorithms are validated by simulating the Malpasset dam-break flood (France, 1959), which has served as a benchmark problem previously. Historical field data, laboratory model data and other numerical simulation results (computed on static fitted meshes) are shown for comparison. The methods are implemented in GEOCLAW, a subset of the open-source CLAWPACK software. All the software is freely available at www. clawpack. org.
Analyzing and modeling process balance for sub-threshold circuit design

This paper describes the strong effects on sub-threshold digital circuit operation of the ratio of PMOS and NMOS current in a given process. We define the concept of process balance/imbalance as describing this ratio and explain the impact ofdifferent circuit and environmental parameters on processbalance. Many of these characteristics are best understood by the degree to which they increase or further decrease process balance. We also propose a model that provides accurate estimation of the effects of process balance that is useful for understanding the impact of process variations and the appropriate types of circuits to use for sub-threshold operation in a given process.
Effects of hydration on febrile temperature patterns in rabbits.

Patients with fever have a predisposition to experience dehydration, which may alter their thermoregulatory responses to elevated body temperature. In view of the recent discovery of the antipyretic activity of arginine vasopressin (AVP), it is possible that dehydration has a beneficial role during fever. Dehydration may enhance endogenous antipyresis by stimulating AVP release, making aggressive fluid replacement, which may inhibit AVP release, undesirable during fever. This study addressed the effects of manipulation of hydration status on temperature and cardiovascular responses in endotoxin-injected rabbits. Eight unanesthetized chronically instrumented rabbits were exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) while in euhydrated state, after furosemide (5 mg/kg) and 24 hours of water deprivation (dehydrated), after infusion of saline (30 mL/kg) while in euhydrated state (hyperhydrated), and after saline (mL/per overnight body weight loss in grams) while in dehydrated state (rehydrated). Dehydrated rabbits dis...
Why the Door-in-the-Face Technique Can Sometimes Backfire: A Construal-Level Account

We put forward a construal-level account to explain why the door-in-the-face (DITF) technique can sometimes backfire in the prosocial domain. We argue that after rejecting an initial prosocial request, more abstract construals promote a more coherent selfish version of the self in people's minds, which then fosters less compliance with subsequent requests. Across three experi- ments, results indicated that relative to an outright request, the DITF technique was less likely to get participants to comply with various prosocial requests (e.g., writing to sick children) when participants adopted more abstract construals. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Lazy v. Yield: Incremental, Linear Pretty-Printing

We propose a programming style for incremental stream processing based on typed simple generators. It promotes modularity and decoupling of producers and consumers just like lazy evaluation. Simple generators, however, expose the implicit suspension and resumption inherent in lazy evaluation as computational effects, and hence are robust in the presence of other effects. Simple generators let us accurately reason about memory consumption. To substantiate our claims we give a new solution to the notorious pretty-printing problem. Like earlier solutions, it is linear, backtracking-free and with bounded latency. It is also simpler to write and reason about, and is compatible with effects including IO, letting us read the source document from a file, and format it as we read.
Diversity performance of dual-antenna handsets near operator tissue

This paper presents a computational and experimental study of the diversity performance of two dual-antenna handsets operating indoors in the 902-928 MHz industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band. Of particular interest is the effect of the operator tissue on the diversity operation. Key indicators of diversity gain such as branch mean effective gain (MEG) and envelope correlation coefficient are obtained from finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method simulations as well as from experimental measurements in three different indoor environments. Diversity gain for the handsets is also measured directly. Reasonable agreement is observed between the experimental and simulated results, with both approaches indicating that while the tissue lowers the MEG of individual branches by 3-5 dB, it has little influence on the handset overall diversity performance.
The ProD framework for proactive displays

A proactive display is an application that selects content to display based on the set of users who have been detected nearby. For example, the Ticket2Talk [17] proactive display application presented content for users so that other people would know something about them.It is our view that promising patterns for proactive display applications have been discovered, and now we face the need for frameworks to support the range of applications that are possible in this design space.In this paper, we present the Proactive Display (ProD) Framework, which allows for the easy construction of proactive display applications. It allows a range of proactive display applications, including ones already in the literature. ProD also enlarges the design space of proactive display systems by allowing a variety of new applications that incorporate different views of social life and community.
Contesting Art: Politics and Identity in the Modern World

Contesting Art: Politics and Identity in the Modern World. Jeremy MacClancy. ed. New York: New York University Press, 1997.254 pp.
Performance Costs when Emotion Tunes Inappropriate Cognitive Abilities: Implications for Mental Resources and Behavior.

Emotion tunes cognition, such that approach-motivated positive states promote verbal cognition, whereas withdrawal-motivated negative states promote spatial cognition (Gray, 2001). The current research examined whether self-control resources become depleted and influence subsequent behavior when emotion tunes an inappropriate cognitive tendency. In 2 experiments, either an approach-motivated positive state or a withdrawal-motivated negative state was induced, and then participants completed a verbal or a spatial working memory task creating conditions of emotion–cognition alignment (e.g., approach/verbal) or misalignment (e.g., approach/spatial). A control condition was also included. To examine behavioral costs due to depleted self-control resources, participants completed either a Stroop task (Stroop, 1935; Experiment 1) or a Black/White implicit association test (IAT; Greenwald, McGhee, & Schwartz, 1998; Experiment 2). Participants in the misalignment conditions performed worse on the Stroop task, and they were worse at controlling their implicit attitude biases on the IAT. Thus, when emotion tunes inappropriate cognitive tendencies for one’s current environment, self-control resources become depleted, impairing behavioral control.
Influence of Soybean Planting Date and Maturity Group on Stink Bug (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) Populations

Field experiments were conducted in Stoneville, MS, to determine the impact of soybean planting date and maturity group on stink bug (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) populations. Maturity group IV and V soybeans were planted on three planting dates in 2003 and 2004. Planting dates were late March-early April, late April-early May, and late May-early June. Plots were sampled weekly with a standard 38.1-cm-diameter sweep net. Planting date and maturity group each had a significant effect on stink bug populations. In general, the earliest planting date had the lowest densities of stink bugs, whereas the latest planting date had the highest densities of stink bugs. Over the 2-yr period, cumulative numbers of stink bugs (SE) ranged from 17.9 (6.25) per 25 sweeps for the first planting to 190.9 (20.03) per 25 sweeps for the third planting date when averaged across maturity groups. Additionally, stink bug populations were generally lower on maturity group IV soybeans than on maturity group V soybeans. Cumulative numbers of stink bugs on maturity group IV soybeans averaged 52.4 (26.23) and 25.2 (6.93) in 2003 and 2004, respectively. On maturity group V soybeans, cumulative numbers of stink bugs averaged 96.9 (28.05) and 85.7 (40.84) in 2003 and 2004, respectively. These data provide valuable information about the population dynamics of stink bugs and indicate that early plantings of maturity group IV soybeans in the mid-South will escape heavy stink bug densities.
Tobacco dependence curricula in acute care nurse practitioner education.

• BACKGROUND Tobacco dependence is the leading preventable cause of death in the United States, yet healthcare professionals are not adequately educated on how to help patients break the deadly cycle of tobacco dependence. • OBJECTIVE To assess the content and extent of tobacco education in the curricula of acute care nurse practitioner programs in the United States. • METHODS A survey with 13 multiple-choice items was distributed to the coordinators of 72 acute care nurse practitioner programs. The survey was replicated and modified from previous research on tobacco dependence curricula in undergraduate medical education. • RESULTS Fifty programs (83%) responded to the survey. Overall, during an entire course of study, 70% of the respondents reported that only between 1 and 3 hours of content on tobacco dependence was covered. Seventy-eight percent reported that students were not required to teach smokingcessation techniques to patients, and 94% did not provide opportunities for students to be certified as smoking-cessation counselors. Sixty percent reported that the national guidelines for smoking cessation were not used as a curriculum reference for tobacco content. • CONCLUSIONS The majority of acute care nurse practitioner programs include brief tobacco education. More in-depth coverage is required to reduce tobacco dependence. Acute care nurse practitioners are in a prime position to intervene with tobacco dependence, especially when patients are recovering from life-threatening events. National recommendations for core tobacco curricula and inclusion of tobacco questions on board examinations should be developed and implemented. (American Journal of Critical Care. 2002;11:27-33)
Impact of drug-eluting stent length on outcomes less is more...more or less.

“Complete revascularization” traditionally has been defined as alleviating all angiographically apparent coronary artery stenoses. For many years the dogma in interventional cardiology has been to achieve complete revascularization when performing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The
Maternal smoking and elevation of catecholamines and metabolites in the amniotic fluid.

Abstract To assess the effect of maternal smoking on fetal adrenergic activity, simulteneous measurements in amniotic fluid of the parent catecholamines, dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (E), as well as the specific intraneuronal deaminated metabolites of DA, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), and of NE, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol (DOPEG), were made by radioenzymatic assay. In the trimester, a (p
A Review of “Disability and Isaiah's Suffering Servant”

Do not let the size of this short book in the Oxford Press series Biblical Refigurations fool you nor let the price discourage you. While I am not a Biblical scholar, you do not have to be a schola...
The Hacker and the Hawker: Networked Identity in the Science Fiction and Blogging of Cory Doctorow

This essay examines the science fiction and blogging of Canadian writer Cory Doctorow to argue that both his works and advocacy of his publishing methods are indicative of current battles over the cultural implications of electronic textuality and serve as harbingers of the novelist's place in a networked world. On the one hand, Doctorow acts as entrepreneur, promoting his own work tirelessly via the Internet and, on the other, he advocates Creative Commons licensing and open access to creative works. These dual interests, seemingly in conflict, demonstrate a sophisticated understanding of the networked nature of identity and power, an understanding also evident in the conflicts in Doctorow' s fiction, which increasingly warns about the dangers to civil liberties in a technologically-mediated society while nevertheless retaining some optimism about the future. This content downloaded from 157.55.39.111 on Tue, 02 Aug 2016 05:59:24 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms
Implant dentistry in predoctoral education: where are we?

In 2013, the Commission on Dental Accreditation (CODA) mandated a competency in oral health care specifying that “replacement of teeth” options should include dental implant therapies with fixed or removable prostheses. The trend toward incorporating implant therapy in the predoctoral dental
Maternal Gut Microbes Control Offspring Sex and Survival

Sex outcome and maternal investment in progeny are important predictors of reproductive success. While environmental factors appear to influence these processes, there is little evidence to date of a direct role for gut commensals. Here we show that the reproductive outcomes (sex and survival) of mouse litters depend on signals conveyed through the microbiome. We discover that transient treatment of mouse mothers with specific microorganisms increases the absolute survival of offspring and skews offspring sex ratios via an endocrine-dependent mechanism requiring the neurophysiological hormone oxytocin. The implication of maternal oxytocin levels suggests that commensal microbes may have a broad role in modulating host endocrine and neurological pathways.
Systematics of the genusCandida Berkhout: Proton magnetic resonance spectra of the mannose-containing polysaccharides of some further species ofCandida as an aid in classification

The proton magnetic resonance spectra of the mannose-containing polysaccharides of 48Candida species were determined. Two other species formed heteropolymers for which p.m.r. spectra could not be obtained. The species were grouped as follows: 17 species formed mannose-containing polysaccharides with spectra like those ofHansenula anomala, Pichia farinosa, Pichia membranaefaciens orPichia robertsii mannans; 12, like those ofMetschnikowia andDebaryomyces mannans; 6, like those of mannans ofSaccharomyces species; 4, like that ofTorulopsis bombicola mannan; and 4, like those ofCandida obtusa andCandida tepae polysaccharides. Five formed mannans whose spectra were unlike those of the mannans of any other yeast species examined.