cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evolution of Core Government Courses in West Texas Community Colleges

The role of community colleges has changed dramatically in the past fifteen years. As the costs of higher education have increased, the community colleges have enrolled more students seeking to complete the first couple of years in general education classes at a lower cost. Not only have the costs of a higher education increased, the economy in general has created an influx of students at the community college level. All colleges and universities struggle to do more with fewer resources, and none is more true at the community college level. This paper will concentrate on the changes seen in community colleges in West Texas and the Panhandle areas of Texas in the past fifteen years and how faculty have adapted their personal roles to the demands of the job. Concentration will be on the various modes of delivery (traditional, online, hybrid and distance learning classes) and how faculty have creatively used these different ways of teaching to meet the demands of teaching. Discussion will include how core government classes have evolved from the traditional classroom to the current various forms of delivery, and how faculty have accomplished additional required duties outside of the classroom (advising, committees, student clubs, professional development, community service, etc.).A survey was sent to all community college government professors in West Texas and the Panhandle areas of Texas addressing the demands of additional students, shrinking resources and current demands of the job. By undertaking this project, it is hoped that we can begin a discussion within the field on how best to accomplish the goals of meeting these current challenges.
The Transition to Legal Analysis Begins with Orientation

The Author discusses the progression from simple to more complex assignments in the Legal Research and Writing curriculum at Western New England College School of Law.
Wavelet Methods for Radiance Computations

This paper describes a new algorithm to compute radiance in a synthetic environment. Motivated by the success of wavelet methods for radiosity computations we have applied multi wavelet bases to the computation of radiance in the presence of glossy reflectors. We have implemented this algorithm and report on some experiments performed with it. In particular we show that the convergence properties of basis functions with 1–4 vanishing moments are in accordance with theoretical predictions. As in the case of wavelet radiosity we find higher order bases to have advantages. However, the cost scaling due to the higher dimensionality of the problem is such that the higher order bases only become competitive for very high precision requirements. In practice we rarely go beyond piecewise linear functions.
Transforming Conceptual Models to Object-Oriented Database Designs: Practicalities, Properties, and Peculiarities

More work is needed on devising practical, but theoretically well-founded procedures for doing object-oriented database (OODB) design. Besides being practical and having formal properties, these design procedures should also be flexible enough to allow for peculiarities that make applications unique. In this paper, we present and discuss an OODB design procedure that addresses these problems. The procedure we discuss is practical in the sense that it is based on a common family of conceptual models and in the sense that it does not expect users to supply esoteric, difficult-to-discover, and hard-to-understand constraints (such as multivalued dependencies), nor does it make hard-to-check and easy-to-overlook assumptions (such as the universal relation assumption). At the same time, the procedure is well-founded and formal, being based on a new theoretical result that characterizes properties of interest in designing complex objects. It is also flexible and adaptable to the peculiarities of a wide variety of applications.
The present status of the ergot question, with particular reference to the preparations used in obstetrics and gynecology

Abstract 1. 1. The active substances in ergot or its preparations are histamine, tyramine, ergotoxine, and ergotamine. 2. 2. All of these substances will stimulate the isolated uterus, but there is no satisfactory clinical evidence for the value of tyramine or ergotoxine in obstetrics or gynecology; the evidence for histamine is somewhat questionable; adequate clinical as well as experimental evidence exists to justify the conclusion that the alkaloid ergotamine is the most important constituent of ergot, and the one whose presence in ergot preparations should be insured. 3. 3. An examination of a number of the ergot preparations available in the market reveals that only the U. S. P. fluid extracts contain important amounts of the active alkaloids. 4. 4. Only the official fluid extract or preparations definitely shown by proper methods of assay to contain the alkaloids of ergot should be used in medicine.
Efficacy of Chlorhexidine-Coated Toothbrush Filaments in Controlling Bacterial Contamination

Objective. The purpose of this study was to determine if a significant difference exists in the efficacy of chlorhexidine-coated brush filaments as compared to uncoated filaments in reducing bacterial numbers. Methods. The IRB-approved, 2-group, double-blind, randomized posttest-only design was conducted with 63 participating adults. After using the control or experimental brush for 30 days, the participants returned the brushes to the researchers in sealed autoclave bags. In the laboratory, microorganisms were detached from the filaments by sonification and vortexing, and then plated on selective media at various dilutions (10-1, 10-3, 10-4, and 10-5). The plates were incubated aerobically for 24 hours at 37° C. After incubation, bacterial colony forming units (CFU) were determined for each sample from 2 different media, one selective (Mitis Salivarius) and the other not (TSA Sheep Blood). Data were analyzed using Wilcoxon and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Fifty-nine samples were returned and processed. Results. A final sample of 59 toothbrushes were returned and processed. Data from the blood agar indicated the mean number of CFU for the control toothbrush was 3.73 x 10-5 compared to the treatment brush of 3.23 x 10-5. For the Mitis Salivarius agar, the control mean was 2.34 x 10-5 CFU as compared to the treatment mean of 3.07 x 10-5. Conclusion. Results revealed there was no statistically significant difference in the quantity of bacteria surviving on the toothbrush filaments between the 2 groups after the 30-day trial period; however, findings only reflect the number of aerobic bacterial colony forming units on blood agar or Mitis Salivarius agar. Study results cannot be generalized to include anaerobes or other bacteria, which may react differently to the presence of the antimicrobial agents.
Improving the scalability and usability of the public information officer monitoring application

Improving the Scalability and Usability of the Public Information Officer Monitoring Application
Releasability of human basophils: Cellular sensitivity and maximal histamine release are independent variables

Abstract Within the atopic and nonatopic population, basophils display a wide variation in the extent of histamine release when challenged with an optimal concentration of polyclonal anti-IgE antibody. We have tested the hypothesis that the maximum percent histamine release obtainable with this stimulus is an indicator of basophil sensitivity. We have defined basophil sensitivity, in the context of IgE-mediated releae, as the number of cell-surface IgE molecules required to obtain a half-maximal IgE-mediated response, and we have examined this parameter in the basophils of 39 donors. Sensitizing basophils with various densities of antigen-specific IgE, and measuring histamine release at these measured densities, allowed a determination of basophil sensitivity in 38 of the donors. Basophil sensitivities ranged from 300 to 40,000 molecules per basophil (point of 50% maximal response), although most donors fell in the 800 to 8000 range, with 1900 molecules per basophil as the median response. The maximal response, after challenge with an optimal concentration of either polyclonal or monoclonal anti-IgE antibody, ranged from 8% to 94% (median, 50%). There was no correlation between basophil sensitivity and the maximum histamine release obtained by a challenge with anti-IgE antibody. Therefore two independent variables appeared to control the IgE-mediated response in basophils, similar to the parameters of efficacy and potency in drug studies. In the IgE-mediated response one parameter is the maximum histamine release obtainable through IgE-mediated mechanisms, and the second parameter is basophil sensitivity as defined above. As a byproduct of these studies, we also found that the density of unoccupied high-affinity receptors for IgE antibody was uncorrelated with the total receptor density (range, 4200 to 572,000 receptors per basophil). Indeed, the density of unoccupied receptors was remarkably constant across this large range of total receptor densities.
Market Cultures: Society and Morality in New Asian Capitalisms

Market Cultures: Society and Morality in New Asian Capitalisms. Robert W. Hefner. ed. Boulder. CO: Westview Press. 1998.328 pp.
Extraction of antioxidants from wheat bran using conventional solvent and microwave-assisted methods

ABSTRACT Total phenolic and tocopherol contents and free radical scavenging capability of wheat bran extracted using conventional and microwave-assisted solvent extraction methods were studied. Three different solvents (methanol, acetone, and hexane) were used in the conventional solvent extraction. Methanol was the most effective solvent, producing higher extraction yield (4.86%), total phenolic compound content (241.3 μg of catechin equivalent/g of wheat bran), and free radical scavenging capability (0.042 μmol of trolox equivalent/g of wheat bran) than either acetone or hexane. However, there was no significant difference in the total tocopherol contents (13.6–14.8 μg/g of wheat bran) among the three different solvent extraction methods. Microwave-assisted solvent extraction using methanol significantly increased the total phenolic compound content to 467.5 and 489.5 μg of catechin equivalent; total tocopherol content to 18.7 and 19.5 μg; and free radical scavenging capability to 0.064 and 0.072 μmol o...
Supply chain planning: using simulation to evaluate buffer adjustment methods in order promising

Much literature exists for scheduling production, but there is little work on establishing the due dates that serve as the inputs to developing a production schedule. We call this Order Promising. This paper explores a simulation-based approach for evaluating methods for promising the delivery of orders based on dynamic buffer adjustment coupled with various methods to forecast the amount of buffer required. The primary objective of the paper is to frame the problem and suggest methods of analysis. Preliminary computational results are also presented.
International Survey on Prevention System of Labor Accidents at Construction Site

Abstract An international survey on systems to prevent labor accidents at construction sites in foreign countries was carried out for this study. Many fatal accidents have periodically happened in the construction industry. Various measures, such as applying new construction methods or, safety and health management systems, have applied with the goal of accident prevention. However, labor accidents in the construction industry in Japan still account for about 40% of the total across all industries. Hence, new effective measures for the prevention of labor accidents are required. Literature research and field investigations were carried out at construction sites in other advanced nations. This paper compiles a summary of the survey results.
Effects of CI-914 in congestive heart failure due to coronary artery disease or idiopathic cardiomyopathy

The hemodynamic effects of CI-914, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, were studied in 12 patients with left ventricular (LV) dysfunction who were undergoing diagnostic cardiac catheterization. CI-914 was infused intravenously at a rate of 0.8 to 7.0 μg/kg/min for 30 to 60 minutes; hemodynamic values were measured every 10 minutes. No effect was seen in the patient receiving 0.8 μg/kg/min. At infusion rates of 1.2 to 2.4 μg/kg/min, cardiac index increased by 14% (p < 0.025). At infusion rates of 4.5 to 7.0 μg/kg/min, cardiac index increased by 21% (n = 8, difference not significant [NS]). Among 4 patients (group B) with an initial pulmonary artery wedge pressure greater than 20 mm Hg and cardiac index less than 2.5 liters/ min/m2, cardiac index increased by 50% (p < 0.001); it did not change among the 4 patients with an initial pulmonary artery wedge pressure of less than 20 mm Hg and cardiac index of more than 2.5 liters/min/m2 (group A). Although systemic vascular resistance decreased in all 8 patients by 26% (p < 0.01), the reduction was greater in group B (33%, p < 0.01) than in group A (16%, NS). Peak +dP/dt increased in all 8 patients by 13% (p < 0.01). Mean stroke work index increased from 29 ± 15 to 34 ± 13 g-m/m2; the double product fell from 101 ± 31 to 91 ± 23 (NS). In all 12 patients, a linear correlation between peak venous blood concentration and peak effect on cardiac index, systemic vascular resistance and pulmonary artery wedge pressure was observed. The increase in cardiac index associated with a decrease in systemic vascular resistance suggests that part of the favorable hemodynamic effect is attributable to afterload reduction. Nonetheless, the increase in peak +dP/dt in all patients suggests that CI-914 also has a positive inotropic effect. This combination of effects may be of value in the treatment of severe congestive heart failure.
Induction of ovulation in proestrous ewes: Identification of the ovulatory follicle and functional status of the corpus luteum

Abstract Ewes were treated with a luteolytic agent on Day 14 of the estrous cycle. Their largest follicle was identified 30 hr later. Thirty-six hr post-treatment, ewes received an injection of an analog of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRHa). The peak in the induced surge of LH occurred 2 to 4 hr after injection of LHRHa. Ovulation occurred from the largest follicle approximately 24 hr following administration of LHRHa. During the subsequent luteal phase, serum concentrations of progesterone were normal. The treatment regimen described is well-suited for collection of follicles at precisely-timed periovulatory intervals. Perhaps information gained by using this model will be useful in ultimately understanding the follicular events associated with ovulation and function of the corpus luteum.
What Democracy Does (and Doesn’t Do) for Basic Services: School Fees, School Inputs, and African Elections

Does democracy affect the provision of basic services? We advance on existing empirical work on this subject by exploring the potential mechanisms through which a democratic transition may prompt a government to alter provision of basic services to its citizens. In an environment of weak state capacity, in which it is difficult for voters to attribute outcomes to executive actions, we suggest that electoral competition is most likely to lead to changes in policies where executive action is verifiable. Considering the context of African primary education as an example, we suggest that electoral competition will therefore give governments an incentive to abolish school fees, but it will have less effect on the provision of school inputs, precisely because executive actions on these issues are more difficult to monitor. We evaluate this claim by approaching it in three different ways, using cross-national as well as individual-level data, including an original data set on primary school fee abolitions. First...
Alumni Giving to Elite Private Colleges and Universities.

Abstract This paper examines patterns of alumni giving, using data on two cohorts of former students from a sample of private colleges and universities. Higher levels of contributions are associated with higher income, whether or not the person graduated from the institution where he or she first attended college, and the degree of satisfaction with his or her undergraduate experience. Their satisfaction in turn was a function of particular aspects of that experience, including whether there was someone who took a special interest when he or she was enrolled there. Among the more recent cohort of graduates, those who had received need-based aid tended to give less and those who were related to former alumni tended to give more.
An Area Efficient FFT/IFFT Processor for MIMO-OFDM WLAN 802.11n

A pipelined Fast Fourier Transform and its inverse (FFT/IFFT) processor, which utilizes hardware resources efficiently, is proposed for MIMO-OFDM WLAN 802.11n. Compared with a conventional MIMO-OFDM implementation, (in which as many FFT/IFFT processors as the number of transmit/receive antennas is used), the proposed architecture (using hardware sharing among multiple data sequences) reduces hardware complexity without sacrificing system throughput. Further, the proposed architecture can support 1---4 input data sequences with sequence lengths of 64 or 128, as needed. The FFT/IFFT processor is synthesized using TSMC 0.18 um CMOS technology and saves 25% area compared to a conventional implementation approach using radix-23 algorithm. The proposed FFT/IFFT processor can be configured to improve power efficiency according to the number of input data sequences and the sequence length. The processor consumes 38 mW at 75 MHz for one input sequence with 64-point length; it consumes 87 mW at 75 MHz for four input sequences with length 128-point and can be efficiently used for IEEE 802.11n WLAN standard.
Iodine deficiency, iodine content of salt and knowledge of iodine supplementation in the Dominican Republic.

In 2003 WHO estimated that 36% of the global population lived in areas of iodine deficiency (ID) and Dunn estimated that 100 000 children were born with cretinism each year. Because of the serious developmental effects of ID disease (IDD) the United Nations and other agencies pledged in 1990 to work toward the elimination of ID by 2000. Iodized salt is the simplest and most effective way to provide iodine in the diet. In 1993 74.2% of 837 Dominican Republic (DR) school children had ID [mean urinary iodine (UI) concentration was < 7 mcg/dl]. In 1994 the Minister of Health legislated that salt be iodinated at a level of 30-100 ppm. No studies were done to determine efficacy although such monitoring is important for elimination of IDD. This study was undertaken during a medical student outreach program serving 1800 people in traveling clinics in the mountains of DR at elevations of 690-1200m. One hundred thirty-three subjects aged 2-75 years (53% < 16 years) were randomly selected who were not related ill malnourished treated for thyroid problems or with obvious goiter noted on triage. The study and informed consent and assent were approved by the University of Florida IRB. Questionnaires explored salt use and knowledge of iodination importance. (excerpt)
SHELL DISEASE IN RIVER COOTERS (PSEUDEMYS CONCINNA) AND YELLOW–BELLIED TURTLES (TRACHEMYS SCRIPTA) IN A GEORGIA (USA) LAKE

A disfiguring shell disease was detected in river cooters (Pseudemys concinna) and yellow-bellied turtles (Trachemys scripta) from Lake Blackshear, Georgia (USA). The turtles used were part of a mark-recapture study conducted from September 1991 to June 1993. Histologic changes on four turtles included acute segmental necrosis of the epidermis, followed by ulceration, necrosis of the underlying dermis and dermal bone, and exaggerated remodeling of bone. Additional findings included visceral inflammatory lesions and bacterial infection, sepsis, and marked trematode ova granulomatosis. The cause of the shell lesions was not determined.
Role of mitochondrial photodamage in PDT-induced apoptosis

PDT with sensitizers that target mitochondria for photodamage induces a rapid apoptotic response in murine leukemia cells. Immediately after irradiation, we observed loss of the mitochondrial membrane potential ((Delta) (Psi) m), and transfer of cytochrome c from mitochondria to the cytosol. Within 3 min, there was a marked increase in caspase-3 activity, but not of caspases 1,4,5,6 or 8. While phosphorylation of a tyrosine residue on an 85 kDa protein was a prominent consequence of PDT, this was inhibited by the protein kinase C inhibitor staurosporin, a drug which enhanced the apoptotic response to PDT. Tyrosine phosphorylation may therefore not be a requisite for PDT-induced apoptosis. These results are consistent with a mechanism whereby mitochondrial photodamage, leading to the release of cytochrome c (and perhaps other factors), can directly trigger caspase activation and apoptosis. We have previously reported that the apoptotic response to PDT was delayed when both mitochondria and the plasma membrane were targeted for photodamage. We found that the membrane photodamage resulted in inhibition of neutral sphingomyelinase activity. This enzyme is one source of ceramide biosynthesis, suggesting that ceramide formation via sphingomyelinase activity enhances the apoptotic response to PDT.© (1998) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Observations on tubular endoplasmic reticulum in the aquatic fungiBlastocladiella emersonii, Blastocladiella britannica, andCatenaria anguillulae

Abstract Tubular smooth endoplasmic reticulum membranes have been found in the cytoplasm of Blastocladiella emersonii, Blastocladiella britannica , and Catenaria anguillulae . These structures are formed and accumulate during the growth phase and are associated with cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum during sporangium formation. It is within the cisternae of rough of endoplasmic reticulum that the protein precursors of gamma particles are formed. It is probable that the tubular endomembranes represent a reservoir of membrane material that is formed during the growth phase and is converted into other endomembranes during sporogenesis.
Abstract LB-121: Tumor suppressor p53 is involved in a CHAMP-dependent spindle assembly checkpoint pathway.

A p53-dependent mouse spindle checkpoint has been reported since 1995. However the underlying mechanism is still unknown. Here, we found that p53 formed complexes with CHAMP and MAD2L2. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed that p53, CHAMP and MAD2L2 colocalized at spindle fibres from pro-metaphase to anaphase. CHAMP binds MAD2L2 and antagonizes its inhibition function on APC/C. We discovered that p53 enhanced the inhibition of MAD2L2 by CHAMP. P53 knock-down decreased M-phase index. Exogenous expression of p53 increased M-phase index and extended remarkable length of time in M phase. Notably, the regulation of p53 on M phase index was completely abrogated by either CHAMP or MAD2l2 knock-down, suggesting that the regulation of p53 on spindle assembly checkpoint pathway is dependent on CHAMP and MAD2L2. These results demonstrate that p53 participates in a mitotic checkpoint that ensures the maintenance of genetic fidelity during development. Citation Format: Piyan Zhang, Erica Ungewitter, Ettore Appella, Heidi Scrable. Tumor suppressor p53 is involved in a CHAMP-dependent spindle assembly checkpoint pathway. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-121. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-LB-121
Expression of the RNA binding proteins, Mel-N1, Mel-N2, and Mel-N3 in adipose cells.

Mel-N1 (murine embryonic lethal abnormal vision [ELAV]), a mammalian homolog of Drosophila ELAV, is an mRNA binding protein of the RNA Recognition Motif family. Studies with the human homolog, Hel-N1 have supported the hypothesis that Hel-N1, and its splice variant, Hel-N2 play a role in mRNA metabolism. Thus it becomes logical to extend this hypothesis to the murine variant Mel-N1 which has been described as a neuronal protein with a minor level of expression in the testis. Our current work expands the potential function for this protein through demonstration of expression of the full-length message and splice variants in adipose tissue as well as preadipocyte and adipocyte cell lines.
Developmental change in the understanding of affective meaning in music

The development of the understanding of affective meaning in music was investigated. Subjects aged 4, 5, 6, and 19 assigned verbal labels to musical segments previously determined by adults to be representative of one of four affects (happy, sad, angry, afraid). Analysis of correct interpretations and errors revealed a pattern of interactions among age, sex, and affect indicating that the ability to verbalize an understanding of affective meaning in music consistent with that of adult subjects is present during the preschool years. Age-related similarities in performance, as well as differences favoring both younger and older subjects, were observed and were discussed in relation to recent research in, and theories of, affective development and communication.
Meta-computing at D0

Abstract D0 Run II is one of the two large collider experiments at Fermilab and one of the largest currently running High Energy Physics Experiments in the world. Its amount of data, throughput of data processing, and the size of the collaboration present a unique challenge for the experiment's meta-computing system. To meet the challenge, the SAMGrid system is being developed to allow globally distributed, high-throughput data processing with many Grid features. At the core of the system is the mature data handling system, SAM. We add the Job and Information Management to the data handling to arrive at a complete Grid.
O+ ions in the polar wind

A semikinetic model was used to describe the steady state collisionless flow of the polar wind along diverging geomagnetic field lines at high latitues. Emphasis was given to studying the behavior of O(+) ions for a wide range of boundary conditions at the baropause (4500 km). The main result obtained was that for high electron temperatures Te = about 10,000 K) O(+) is not gravitationally bound and significant escape fluxes (about 10 to the 7th/sq cm sec) of suprathermal (2eV) O(+) ions occur. The O(+) flow is supersonic over most of the altitude range considered, and O(+) Mach numbers as large as 20 are predicted at 10 earth radii. Also, depending on the boundary conditions, the O(+) density can be comparable to or greater than the H(+) density at high altitudes above the baropause when the electron temperature is high.
On the long-term secular increase in sunspot number

Correlated with the maximum amplitude (Rmax) of the sunspot cycle are the sum (Rsum) and the mean (Rmean) of sunspot number over the duration of the cycle, having a correlation coefficient r equal to 0.925 and 0.960, respectively. Runs tests of Rmax, Rsum, and Rmean for cycles 0–21 have probabilities of randomness P equal to 6.3, 1.2, and 9.2%, respectively, indicating a tendency for these solar-cycle related parameters to be nonrandomly distributed. The past record of these parameters can be described using a simple two-parameter secular fit, one parameter being an 8-cycle modulation (the so-called ‘Gleissberg cycle’ or ‘long period’) and the other being a long-term general (linear) increase lasting tens of cycles. For each of the solar-cycle related parameters, the secular fit has an r equal to about 0.7–0.8, implying that about 50–60% of the variation in Rmax, Rsum, and Rmean can be accounted for by the variation in the secular fit.
Some observations on molecular complexes of carbon monoxide in argon and oxygen nutrices

Abstract Aggregates of CO were generated in Ar and O2 matrices by several methods, including deposition of concentrated samples, warming experiments, and photolysis of H2CO and H2C2O2. The IR absorption frequencies of the CO species were measured by an FTIR spectrometer. In solid Ar, the CO monomer was seen to absorb at 2138.5 cm−1 and (CO)2 at 2136.6 cmt-1. In systems containing only CO and Ar, no distinct peak was observed at 2140 cm−1 in contrast to previously reported results. The difference may be due to effects of H2O on CO frequencies and intensities. In solid O2, the CO monomer absorbed at 2136.6 cm−1, but it was not possible to assign a structure to (CO)2 because of a more complicated absorption spectrum than in solid Ar. The spectral data suggest that the CO dimer absorbing at 2136.6 cm−1 in solid Ar may have a side-by-side antiparallel geometric structure.
Pathogenesis and therapy of inclusion body myositis.

Purpose of reviewInclusion body myositis (IBM) is a poorly understood progressive muscle disease of middle and later life. Its dual pathologies of autoimmunity and unexplained myofiber degeneration and loss have been enigmatic since its earliest descriptions over 40 years ago. No reliable effective
The Life of the Buddha: Ancient Scriptural and Pictorial Traditions

Dipankara Jataka Nativity Youth Life in the Palace Great Departure Pre-Enlightenment Enlightenment Post Enlightenment First Sermon Conversions Death Guptan and Pala Dynasties Conclusion.
Molecular Structure of the Chloroform−Water and Dichloromethane−Water Interfaces†

Using equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations, we investigate the structure of chloroform−water and dichloromethane−water interfaces. These systems are analyzed in terms of the orientation of water, chloroform, and dichloromethane molecules as a function of distance from the Gibbs surface. We also calculate order parameters for all molecules across the interface. The results show that the structures may be described in the context of a few distinct regions of the interface, where organic and water molecules generally arrange themselves either to maximize hydrogen-bonding interactions or to minimize the net dipole moment. In cases where molecular arrangements promote hydrogen-bonding interactions, they often do not provide complete dipole compensation. The orientation of organic and water molecules then creates a field across the interface. For the CHCl3−water interface, the field has a uniform direction with the positive end of the dipole pointing toward the bulk water phase. The interfacial field is m...
Immunochemical characterization of antisera to rat neurofilament subunits

: Antisera raised to the 68,000, 145,000 and 200,000 molecular weight subunits of rat neurofilaments were used for immunochemical staining of polypeptides separated by one- and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. It was found that each antiserum reacts intensely with its corresponding neurofilament subunit and weakly with the other two subunits. All the antisera also react with a polypeptide of molecular weight 57,000 present in neurofilament-rich preparations from both rat spinal cord and peripheral nerve. This polypeptide is different from either tubulin or vimentin and may represent a neurofilament breakdown product, since it varied in amount from preparation to preparation. The three antisera also reacted with the polypeptide subunits of chicken and goldfish neurofilament despite the considerable difference in molecular weight between these subunits and those of mammalian neurofilament. Key Words: Neurofilaments–Antibodies–Immunochemical. Autilio-Gambetti L. et al. Immunochemical characterization of antisera to rat neurofilament subunits. J. Neurochem. 37, 1260-1265(1981).
Guided-mode resonant color filter array for reflective displays

We demonstrate an efficient guided-mode resonant color filter array. It consists of a thin subwavelength silicon nitride grating and a homogeneous silicon nitride waveguide on a glass substrate. The fabricated device exhibits high experimental efficiencies.
Dip-Pen Nanolithography: What Controls Ink Transport?

The influence of temperature and humidity on the growth rates of 1-octadecanethiol (ODT) and 16-mercaptohexadecanoic acid (MHA) monolayers deposited onto a gold substrate has been systematically studied in the context of dip-pen nanolithography (DPN) experiments. By analyzing a statistically meaningful data set, we conclude that for both inks the deposition rate increases with increasing temperature, and that this temperature dependence is strongly affected by relative humidity, chemical nature of the ink and substrate, and writing speed. We attribute these observations to the different solubilities of the ink molecules in water (both the water in the meniscus and on the cantilever walls). In addition, we report a set of experiments that demonstrate meniscus formation even at 0% relative humidity due to residual water that moves to the point of contact between tip and sample.
762 GENETIC COMPLEMENTATION ANALYSIS IN FIBROBLASTS FROM GYRATE ATROPHY (GA) AND THE SYNDROME OF HYPERORNITHINEMIA, HYPERAMMONEMIA AND HOMOCITRULLINURIA (HHH)

Hyperornithinemia is a finding in GA (B6-responsive and non-responsive variants) due to ornithine transaminase (OKT) deficiency and in HHH, in which all known enzymes in ornithine metabolism are normal and the primary metabolic defect is not defined. Fibroblasts from GA and HHH when incubated for 614 hrs. with 14C-ornithine and 3H−leucine failed to incorporate 14C into protein, resulting in low 14C/3H ratios (0.006-0.017; control 0.239±.046). The GA B6-responsive variant was able to incorporate 14C into protein at a reduced rate (ratio of 0.097). Following PEG 1000 mediated cell fusion 14C/3H incorporation was measured in heterokaryons. Each of 3 GA B6-nonresponsive lines was hybridized with the GA B6-responsive line. Lines of both GA variants were fused with 2 HHH lines. No complementation was observed between any of the GA B6-nonresponsive lines and the GA B6-responsive line, but both GA variant lines complemented the HHH lines. These data suggest that the B6-responsive and -nonresponsive variants of GA are due to non-complementing mutations in the same structural gene. The complementation between GA cells and HHH cells supports other biochemical and clinical data that the mechanisms of hyperornithinemia are distinct in these two disorders.
The relationship between stomach contents and maturity state for major northwest Atlantic fishes: new paradigms?

Iteroparous species examined from the northwest Atlantic demonstrated distinct relationships between feeding and reproduction. Two species showed an increase in feeding during the developing, ripe and running stages of reproduction, indicative of the ramper pattern. Four species showed an increase in feeding after spawning in the spent or resting stage of reproduction, indicative of the rester pattern. Two species exhibited no distinct pattern. Evidence from other species confirms these major patterns. This information may be useful to determine the effectiveness of different management measures, particularly in relation to feeding or spawning aggregations. There are two major feeding-reproductive patterns for fishes along a continuum of possibilities.
Developments to supplant CAMAC with industry standard technology at NSTX

Abstract National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX), like other research programs, is facing an inevitable crisis due to end-of-life issues for its 20-year-old CAMAC instrumentation. In many cases, replacement components are not available, effectively rendering a CAMAC module unusable after a failure. The proliferation of high performance, reliable, low-cost commodity computing hardware and software based on industry standard technology can provide the basis for a new generation of instrumentation. At NSTX, there have been several advances towards developing a PCI-based model for data acquisition and control systems. New hardware developments include a High Performance Signal Conditioning board and an Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA)-based Multifunction Timing System (MTS). Extensible software interfaces have been developed to integrate these boards into the NSTX computing environment [P. Sichta, J. Dong, G. Oliaro, P. Roney ‘Overview of the NSTX Control System,’ 8th International Conference on Accelerator and Large Experimental Physics Control Systems, San Jose, CA (2001)]. This paper will illustrate these developments and how they could be used to benefit collaborative fusion research.
Austin Community College Video Game Development Certificate.

The Video Game Development program is designed and developed by leaders in the Austin video game development industry, under the direction of the ACC Video Game Advisory Board. Courses are taught by industry video game developers for those who want to become video game developers. The program offers a comprehensive approach towards learning what's needed to be successful in video game development through three tracks. The tracks are programming, art, and design.
Contesting the Boundaries of International Justice: State Countermapping and Offshore Resource Struggles Between East Timor and Australia

Abstract: The ongoing struggle between East Timor and Australia over access to and control of the oil and natural gas resources contained within the seabed between the two countries is manifest in the form of contested boundaries. Each side attempts to buttress its claim through, among other means, competing cartographic representations. In examining this case study, this article asserts that what has come to be known as countermapping is not limited to the activities of nonstate actors and social movements that are struggling over resources and territory within a particular nation-state. Relatively weak states also can and do engage in such activities in challenging other states. Given the nature of power relations within the realm of international affairs and the weakness of international judicial mechanisms, however, countermapping as a resource-claiming device and tactic of relatively marginal states can be only one tool in a larger strategy that resists and/or challenges the status quo. The results of the strategy are thus contingent not merely on the authoritativeness of alternative maps and the rightness of the position on which these maps are based, but, what is more important, on the use of social power and the concomitant ability to determine the scope and scales of the conflict, as well as the larger context in which the struggle unfolds. By highlighting the importance of social power, scale, and scope, the case study presented here provides analytical, strategic, and tactical tools for those who are engaged in or are examining countermapping-type struggles of both the social-movement and state sorts.
Effects on experimental acute lung injury 24 hours after exogenous surfactant instillation.

Subcutaneous injection of N-nitroso-N-metbylurethane (NNNMU) produces an acute lung injury mimicking the adult respiratory distress syndrome. NNNMU-injured rats treated with intratracheal Survanta, 100 mg phospholipid/kg body weight, air, or normal saline were observed for 24 h. Twenty-four hours after treatment survival among Survanta-treated rats was significantly greater than for air- and saline-treated rats (9/15 vs. 2/15 and 3/15, respectively). The alveolar-to-arterial 02 gradient was lower in Survanta-treated than in either air- or saline-treated rats during the 24-h period. Analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid revealed a higher phospholipid; protein ratio (1.73 ± 0.31 Survanta-treated, 0.20 ± 0.05 air control, and 0.41 ± 0.17 saline control) and a more normal phospholipid composition among treated than control rats. Minimum dynamic surface tension was significantly lower among treated rats (10.9 ± 2.9 dyn/cm) than air and saline control rats (36.0 ± 0.6 and 35.8 ± 1.0 dyn/com, respectively). I...
An early decrease in phosphatidylinositol turnover occurs on induction of Friend cell differentiation and precedes the decrease in c-myc expression.

Abstract Phosphatidylinositol turnover has recently been implicated in the regulation of proliferation and transformation. Its role in differentiation has now been investigated using Friend erythroleukemia cells, which can be induced to differentiate along the erythroid pathway by dimethylsulfoxide and certain other agents. We have found that levels of the phosphatidylinositol metabolites inositol-trisphosphate and diacylglycerol significantly decrease within 2 hr of induction of Friend cell differentiation. These decreases precede decreased expression of the c- myc proto-oncogene and its protein product. Phorbol 12-myristate, 13-acetate, which can mimic diacylglycerol, blocked differentiation without reversing the decrease in phosphatidylinositol metabolite levels. Two synthetic diacylglycerols, L-α-1-oleoyl-2-acetoyl- sn -3-glycerol and sn -1,2-dioctanoylglycerol, also blocked differentiation and commitment. Diacylglycerol regulation of kinase C activity may play a key role in control of c- myc expression and Friend cell differentiation.
Effects of temperature, oxygen level, ionic strength, and pH on the reaction of benzene with hydroxyl radicals in aqueous atmospheric systems

Abstract In order to assess the degradation of aromatic compounds in fog, the reaction of benzene with hydroxyl radicals was studied in a bulk aqueous system. The effects of temperature, oxygen content, ionic strength, and pH were investigated in a batch reactor by following the two main products, phenol and biphenyl. The reaction rate increased with temperature, but was not significantly affected by ionic strength and pH. The overall phenol yield also did not significantly change with the removal of oxygen from the system. Conversely, the formation of biphenyl was more favorable under conditions of low oxygen content, high ionic strength, and low pH. The pH of the solution decreased during the reaction due to the formation of oxidation products of phenol; thus, we found that biphenyl did not form in detectable concentrations unless the pH was at or below 4.50–4.80.
Theory of Weakly Unstable Multi-Dimensional Detonation

An asymptotic analysis of the multi-dimensional detonation instability has been developed in the limit that the ratio q of the reaction heat release over the enthalpy at the leading shock is much smaller than unity. The leading order solution corresponds to a wave equation describing the dynamics of the inert shock wave. By considering the next order destabilizing effects related to the heat release fluctuation and the non-uniform distribution of the stationary solution, an expression of the dispersion relation. which is valid in the vicinity of the bifurcation limits, has been obtained. The present work extends our previous analysis (He I996a) in the Newtonian limit to general situation for q≪1. It is found that the dispersion relation so determined is identical to that presented in (He 1996a), which was obtained in the Newtonian limit and q≪1 by carrying out an asymptotic analysis to the second order. The theoretical results for the growth rate and the bifurcation limits agree well with the numerical so...
Isothermal equilibrium pressures of a YNb alloy-H2 system

Abstract The isothermal equilibrium pressures of a YNb alloy-H2 system were measured as a function of the atomic composition [H] [Y + Nb] in the temperature range 100–890 °C. The results showed that the yttrium and niobium components sorbed hydrogen independently. The equilibrium pressure P in torrs of the plateau region in the YH2 system could be expressed by (T is in kelvins) log P = −11840 T + 10.52
Compensator Selection In The Tolerancing Of A Microlithographic Lens

A microlithographic projection lens is expected to give constant results from one lens to another, anywhere within the field, over the full Rayleigh depth of focus, and with a finite variation of exposure dose. In particular, the requirements for image dimension and position control are an order of magnitude smaller than the features being printed. These demand that the paper design have wavefront correction significantly better than the Marechal criterion, and almost zero distortion. Furthermore, impressive theoretical performance is of no use if the manufactured lens cannot always approach the ideal as closely as possible. Lens designers traditionally bridge the gap between customer requirements and production realities. Compensators -- parameters that are adjusted to compensate for construction imperfections -- are a well-known way of relaxing tolerances. For a lens on the edge of possibility, they come to the aid of the designer caught between two vociferous groups of people with contradictory needs -- the users and the manufacturers. A lens will be shown that is used in a Wafer Stepper capable of printing features in the 0.7- to 0.6-micron range, and the rationale given for an extensive scheme of compensation, both before and after assembly. A selected number of elements are adjustable after assembly, while the lens is tested both interferometrically and lithographically, after which they are fixed in place.
Copper chelates as probes of biological systems: Stable copper complexes with a macrocyclic bifunctional chelating agent

Abstract Monoclonal antibodies tagged with chelated metal ions have numerous potential applications. Here we report the synthesis of a new “bifunctional” metal chelator, 6(p-bromoacetamidobenzyl)-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane-N,N′,N″,N‴-tetraacetic acid, which can be covalently attached to proteins and which binds copper stably in human serum under physiological conditions. In contrast, other reagents based on ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid or diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid rapidly lose copper to serum albumin under the same conditions.
Cellular and Genetic Basis of Primary Immune Deficiencies

Knowledge of the genetic mutations of primary immune deficiency syndromes has grown significantly over the last 30 years. In this article the authors present an overview of the clinical aspects, laboratory evaluation, and genetic defects of primary immunodeficiencies, with an emphasis on the pathophysiology of the known molecular defects. This article is designed to give the primary pediatrician a general knowledge of this rapidly expanding field.
B73-7 Theory of Machines and Computations

This is the Proceedings of the International Symposium on the Theory of Machines and Computations held at the Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel, during August 1971. The 38 papers presented are all included in this volume; six are represented only by abstracts. They are divided as follows:
Erosion of Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Patch Electrode Into Airways: An Unusual Cause of Recurrent Hemoptysis

A 74-year-old man presented with a 9-month history of recurrent hemoptysis. He had implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) patch electrodes placed 4 years before. A chest x-ray film showed crinkling of his posteriorly placed ICD patch which also appeared to have separated from his ventricle on a CT scan of the chest. Bronchoscopy localized the ICD patch electrode to the lower lobe of the left lung. He underwent a lobectomy and was treated with antibiotics at home. In patients with known ICD implantation, patch erosion into the airways should be considered in the differential diagnosis of recurrent hemoptysis.
Converting the Fermilab accelerator control consoles to X-Window workstations

Abstract The Fermilab accelerator complex is controlled with 20 consoles based on Digital PDP-11/34s and custom display hardware. A large number of application programs have been written over the years to run on these consoles. The consoles, designed in 1981, are now considered obsolete due to their high hardware cost, difficulty of programming, and the limited address space and computing power of the PDP-11/34. Recently a replacement console has been developed which uses the X-Window windowing system running on a Digital VAXstation workstation. The functionality of the old console hardware is emulated with software. Two major goals of this effort were to allow both console types to coexist in the same control system during a transition period of several years and to be able to run most existing console application programs with little or no modification, using the same source code for both types of console. This paper describes the hardware and software design of the new console workstation, the problems encountered and the status of the project.