cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A mechanistic study of H2O2 and H2O formation from H2 and O2 catalyzed by palladium in an aqueous medium

Abstract The simultaneous determination of H 2 conversion, selectivity for H 2 O 2 , and concentration of H 2 O 2 has provided insight into the pathways for the reactions of H 2 and O 2 over colloidal palladium in an aqueous medium. Reactions typically were carried out at an O 2 /H 2 ratio of 4 and at 10 °C by introducing the gases at 1 atm into a solution that was 0.1 N in HCl and 0.01 M in Br − ions. Palladium was added to the system as the metal supported on microspheroidal silica. Concentrations of H 2 O 2 approaching 2 wt% have been achieved with selectivities, based on H 2 reacted, in excess of 90%. Water is formed both by a parallel reaction between H 2 and O 2 and by a secondary reduction of H 2 O 2 by H 2 . The parallel reaction is inhibited by the presence of bromine. Hydronium ions can serve as the source of hydrogen and may be involved in a catalytic cycle that includes their reaction with peroxide species to form H 2 O 2 .
Internship Training in Clinical Psychology: Looking into Our Crystal Ball

We offer an overview of the landscape of internship training in 2006. Speculations about the future of internship training are provided. The issues focused upon are supply–demand imbalance, competency-based approach to education and training, internship processes and structures, and funding. Suggestions are made for cross-constituency collaborations to develop and implement innovative strategies for addressing these complex challenges.
(CTG)n repeats markedly inhibit differentiation of the C2C12 myoblast cell line: implications for congenital myotonic dystrophy.

Abstract Although the mutation for myotonic dystrophy has been identified as a (CTG) n repeat expansion located in the 3′-untranslated region of a gene located on chromosome 19, the mechanism of disease pathogenesis is not understood. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of (CTG) n repeats on the differentiation of myoblasts in cell culture. We report here that C2C12 myoblast cell lines permanently transfected with plasmid expressing 500 bases long CTG repeat sequences, exhibited a drastic reduction in their ability to fuse and differentiate into myotubes. The percentage of cells fused into myotubes in C2 C12 cells (53.4±4.4%) was strikingly different from those in the two CTG repeat carrying clones (1.8±0.4% and 3.3±0.7%). Control C2C12 cells permanently transfected with vector alone did not show such an effect. This finding may have important implications in understanding the pathogenesis of congenital myotonic dystrophy.
Chemotherapy is a safe and effective initial therapy for infected malignant breast and chest wall ulcers.

Background and Objectives Locally advanced breast cancers may form large, infected skin ulcers, which were traditionally treated with radiation therapy. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is now standard treatment for locally advanced breast cancer. Methods The response of 33 patients with ulcerated breast cancer to primary chemotherapy was retrospectively analyzed. Antibiotics were not used in primary treatment. Tumor and ulcer responses were evaluated independently. Results Chemotherapy alone healed 18 of these ulcers. Neither responding nor refractory patients developed sepsis during this treatment. Conclusions Chemotherapy is safe and effective treatment for patients with infected malignant breast ulcers and does not cause systemic sepsis. J. Surg. Oncol. 1997;66:186–188. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Tsunami 2004: the villages of Birek and Seungko Mulat, Indonesia

Editor: Paul R. Baumann Department of Geography State University of New York at Oneonta Milne Library 317 Oneonta, NY 13820, USA On 26 December 2004, the world first heard about the 9.0+ magnitude ...
Idiographic Self-Evaluation and Bias

Abstract Idiographic self-evaluation was conceptualized as the association between a rater's perceptions of trait descriptiveness and that rater's perceptions of trait desirability. In Study 1, self-evaluation was assessed using the 44 items of the Big Five Inventory (John & Donahue, 1994). A subset of 23 items, like the full inventory, showed that most raters' self-evaluations were positive and stable. Study 2 showed that self-evaluation predicted self-esteem and (inversely) depression but not impression management or self-deception. Narcissism was negatively related to self-evaluation when self-esteem was controlled. An idiographic index of evaluative bias (self-enhancement or self-diminishment) was derived from the self-evaluation index by partialing out the group averages of descriptiveness and desirability ratings. In Study 3, this index of bias was compared with two difference-score indices: (1) the degree to which people rated themselves more or less favorably than they rated others and (2) the degree to which they rated themselves more or less favorably than they were rated by others. The idiographic index was independent of the two difference-score measures and showed greater self-enhancement.
Interpersonal Relations in Atomistic Communities

While this commentary proposes chiefly to examine from the standpoint of the concept of social atomism the ethnographic papers contained in this issue of Human Organization, I shall utilize this opportunity to reconsider atomism as that term has been used in American anthropology since its introduction by (I believe) Ruth Benedict. The word itself may be relatively infrequently encountered, but the phenomena which it designates have aroused consistent interest, most recently in connection with the character of interpersonal relations in peasant society. Taking my lead from several fellow contributors, I will concern myself with the relationship of social atomism to George M. Foster's "image of limited good," though without implying that the two concepts are identical.
Model flight tests of a spin-resistant trainer configuration

Powered, radio-controlled flight tests were conducted on a 1/4-scale model of a spin-resistant trainer configuration to determine the stall departure and spin resistance characteristics provided by an outboard wing leading-edge droop modification. The model was instrumented to provide quantitative as well as qualitative information on flight characteristics. Flight test results indicated that the unmodified configuration (wing leading-edge droop off) exhibited an abrupt, uncontrollable roll departure at the stall. With the outboard wing leading-edge droop installed, the modified configuration exhibited flight characteristics that were resistant to stall departure and spin entry. The stall departure and spin resistance characteristics of the modified configuration were demonstrated in flight maneuvers that included idle-power stalls, full-power stalls, sideslip stalls, and accelerated stalls.
Enhanced spin injection efficiency and extended spin lifetimes in graphene spin valves

Enhanced spin injection efficiency and extended spin lifetimes are achieved in graphene spin valves. Spin injection efficiency is enhanced via tunneling spin injection into graphene through an MgO barrier. A large nonlocal magetoresistance of 130 Ω is observed for a single layer graphene (SLG) spin valve at room temperature (RT) with spin injection efficiency of ~ 26-30%. Extended spin lifetimes are observed using tunneling contact to suppress the contact induced spin relaxation. In SLG, spin lifetime as long as 771 ps is observed at RT. In bilayer graphene (BLG), we observe the spin lifetime of 6.2 ns at 20 K, which is the longest value reported in any graphene spin valve. Furthermore, contrasting spin relaxation behaviors are observed in SLG and BLG, which suggests that Elliot-Yafet spin relaxation dominates in SLG at low temperatures, while Dyakonov-Perel spin relaxation dominates in BLG at low temperatures.6
Investigations of a sol-gel derived stationary phase for open tubular capillary electrochromatography

Organic‐inorganic hybrid glass composites were synthesized using sol‐gel processing. These composites were cast onto the inner walls of fused silica capillaries and used as the stationary phase for open tubular capillary electrochromatography (OT-CEC). N-octyl sol‐gel processed bonded phases were prepared using a mixture of n-octyltriethoxysilane and tetraethoxysilane (C8-TEOS/TEOS). The synthesis of the sol‐gel-processed composite incorporates the stationary phase into the glass formation process. This process consists of hydrolysis and condensation reactions of the C 8-TEOS/TEOS mixture. The chemical species present in solution during the sol‐gel process, prior to column casting, dictates the characteristics of the final glass composite. Manipulation of the processing parameters allows control of the retentive properties of the sol‐gel-derived phase. A correlation between the species present in solution at the time of column casting and chromatographic retention has been established. The column preparation procedure was optimized for the C8-TEOS/TEOS hybrid system. A phase containing octadecyl (C18) groups was also fabricated by sol‐gel processing. Using a pressurized coating assembly improved the column-to-column reproducibility. The effect of silanizing the sol‐gel-derived material was also studied. Such a silanization, however, did not cause appreciable changes on the performance of the capillary columns. ©1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Semantic Kernel Forests from Multiple Taxonomies

When learning features for complex visual recognition problems, labeled image exemplars alone can be insufficient. While an object taxonomy specifying the categories' semantic relationships could bolster the learning process, not all relationships are relevant to a given visual classification task, nor does a single taxonomy capture all ties that are relevant. In light of these issues, we propose a discriminative feature learning approach that leverages multiple hierarchical taxonomies representing different semantic views of the object categories (e.g., for animal classes, one taxonomy could reflect their phylogenicties, while another could reflect their habitats). For each taxonomy, we first learn a tree of semantic kernels, where each node has a Mahalanobis kernel optimized to distinguish between the classes in its children nodes. Then, using the resulting semantic kernel forest, we learn class-specific kernel combinations to select only those relationships relevant to recognize each object class. To learn the weights, we introduce a novel hierarchical regularization term that further exploits the taxonomies' structure. We demonstrate our method on challenging object recognition datasets, and show that interleaving multiple taxonomic views yields significant accuracy improvements.
The phage lambda terminase enzyme: 1. Reconstitution of the holoenzyme from the individual subunits enhances the thermal stability of the small subunit

The terminase enzyme from bacteriophage lambda is a hetero-trimeric complex composed of the viral gpA and gpNu1 proteins (gpA1.gpNu1(2)) and is responsible for packaging a single genome within the viral capsid. Current expression systems for these proteins require thermal induction which may be responsible for the formation of insoluble aggregates observed in E. coli. We report the re-cloning of the terminase subunits into vectors which allow low temperature induction. While this has resulted in increased solubility of the large gpA subunit of the enzyme, the small gpNu1 subunit remains insoluble under all conditions examined. This paper describes the solublization of gpNu1 with guanidinium hydrochloride and purification of the protein to homogeneity. Reconstitution of the enzyme from the individually purified subunits yields a catalytically-competent complex which exhibits activity identical to wild-type enzyme. Thermal denaturation of the proteins was monitored by circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy and demonstrates that while unfolding of gpA is irreversible, the gpNu1 subunit refolds into a conformation which is essentially identical to the pre-heated protein. Moreover, while denaturation of gpA is highly cooperative, the small subunit unfolds over a wide temperature range and with thermodynamic parameters lower than expected for a small globular protein. Thermally-induced denaturation of the enzyme reconstituted from the individual subunits is highly cooperative with no evidence of multiple transitions. Our data demonstrate that the terminase subunits directly interact in solution, and that this interaction alters the thermal stability of the smaller gpNu1 subunit. The implication of these results with respect to assembly of a catalytically competent enzyme complex are discussed.
Foundry Green Sands as Hydraulic Barriers: Field Study

A field study was conducted to determine if the field hydraulic conductivity of barrier layers constructed with foundry green sand is comparable to the hydraulic conductivity measured in the laboratory on laboratory-compacted specimens normally used for testing during design. Three test pads were constructed with foundry green sand. Their field hydraulic conductivity was measured using sealed double ring infiltrometers, two-stage borehole permeameters, and on large block specimens. Additional field hydraulic conductivity tests were conducted on the test pads after exposure to winter weather causing freeze-thaw cycling and summer weather causing desiccation. The field hydraulic conductivity data followed the same trends with bentonite content and liquid limit observed in the laboratory. When the bentonite content is greater than 6% (by weight), the plasticity index is greater than 3, or the liquid limit is greater than 20, the hydraulic conductivity is less than 10\U-7\N cm/s. Testing after winter exposure showed that the field hydraulic conductivity was unaffected by winter weather, even though the test pads underwent up to six freeze-thaw cycles (depending on depth). Similarly, exposing the test pads to summer weather had no measurable effect on the field hydraulic conductivity. The field study validated that foundry sand is a useful industrial by-product that can be beneficially used as a hydraulic barrier material.
Los dilemas históricos de la democracia y su relevancia contemporánea para la ciudadanía

Este ensayo analiza la relacion dialectica entre los conceptos de democracia y de ciudadania a la luz de los debates actuales, en los que se combinan una transformacion de la tradicion filosofica y una evaluacion de las situaciones en que se cuestiona la distincion juridica entre el «ciudadano» y el «nacional». A partir de consideraciones sobre las tensiones semanticas de las categorias griegas y latinas (politeia, demokratia, isonomia, ius civitatis), se analizan las aporias de la democracia, entendida como modelo o ideologia, que filosofos como Jacques Ranciere y Hannah Arendt nos permiten superar mediante la definicion de la democracia como un proceso de insurreccion permanente «anti-oligarquico» en lugar de un regimen estable. No es la propagacion de la democracia, por lo tanto, lo que constituye el objeto primordial de la teoria politica, sino la democratizacion de la democracia, de si misma, especialmente en la forma de eliminacion de la exclusion interna. Esta teoria se ilustra y se perfecciona aun mas al referirse a los debates sobre la discriminacion de clase y raza, las luchas violentas en busca del reconocimiento que afectan a las instituciones republicanas, las formas de ciudadania nomadas o diasporicas, y la relacion entre derechos sociales y politicos.
Beyond De Re: Toward a Dominance Theory of Desire Attribution

Well-worn examples have led many philosophers to claim that verbs expressing psychological states or activities force their objects to refer in a non-standard way.1 When Oedipus married Jocasta, he married his mother. Prior to his marriage, Oedipus would have confessed to wanting to marry Jocasta, but he would have denied any desire to marry his mother. The view that psychological verbs place their objects into an intentional context (where we only need worry about how the object of the verb is conceptualized by the subject of the verb) allows Oedipus’ claims concerning these desires to be taken at face value. When he kisses Jocasta, he kisses an actual physical human being who is one and the same person as his mother—he kisses his mother. This cannot be denied. But, when he desires Jocasta, he desires her as he conceptualizes her, or under a certain description.
Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural crest stem cells integrate into the injured spinal cord in the fetal lamb model of myelomeningocele

Abstract Background/Purpose Neurological function in patients with myelomeningocele (MMC) is limited even after prenatal repair. Neural crest stem cells (NCSCs) can improve neurological function in models of spinal cord injury. We aimed to evaluate the survival, integration, and differentiation of human NCSCs derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC-NCSCs) in the fetal lamb model of MMC. Methods Human iPSCs derived from skin fibroblasts were differentiated into NCSCs in vitro , mixed with hydrogel, and seeded on nanofibrous scaffolds for surgical transplantation. Fetal lambs (n=2) underwent surgical MMC creation and repair with iPSC-NCSC seeded scaffolds. Gross necropsy and immunohistochemistry were performed at term. Results IPSC-NCSCs expressed NCSC markers, maintained > 95% viability, and demonstrated neuronal differentiation in vitro . Immunohistochemical analysis of repaired spinal cords thirty days after transplantation demonstrated the co-localization of human nuclear mitotic apparatus protein (NuMA) and Neurofilament M subunit (NFM) in the area of spinal cord injury. No gross tumors were identified. Conclusions Human iPSC-NCSCs survived, integrated, and differentiated into neuronal lineage in the fetal lamb model of MMC. This is the first description of human stem cell engraftment in a model of fetal MMC and supports the concept of using NCSCs to address spinal cord damage in MMC.
Amphibians as metrics of critical biological thresholds in forested headwater streams of the Pacific Northwest, U.S.A

1. Amphibians are recognized both for their sensitivity to environmental perturbations and for their usefulness as cost-effective biometrics of ecosystem integrity (=system health). 2. Twenty-three years of research in headwater streams in the Klamath-Siskiyou and North Coast Bioregions of the Pacific Northwest, U.S.A., showed distinct patterns in the distribution of amphibians to variations in water temperature, % fine sediments and the amount of large woody debris (LWD). 3. Here, we review seven studies that demonstrate connections between species presence and abundance and these three in-stream variables. These data were then used to calculate realized niches for three species, the southern torrent salamander, the larval coastal tailed frog and the larval coastal giant salamander, relative to two of these environmental stressors (water temperature and % fine sediments). Moreover, multivariate generalized additive models were used to predict the presence of these three amphibians when these three stressors act in concert. 4. Stream-dwelling amphibians are shown to be extremely sensitive to changes in water temperature, amounts of fine sediment and LWD, and specific thresholds and ranges for a spectrum of animal responses can be used to manage for headwater tributary ecosystem integrity. 5. Consequently, amphibians can provide a direct metric of stream ecosystem integrity acting as surrogates for the ability of a stream network to support other stream-associated biota, such as salmonids, and their related ecological services.
A four-channel analysis of the tactile sensitivity of the fingertip: frequency selectivity, spatial summation, and temporal summation

Thresholds were measured for the detection of vibratory stimuli of variable frequency and duration applied to the index fingertip and thenar eminence through contactors of different sizes. The effects of stimulus frequency could be accounted for by the frequency characteristics of the Pacinian (P), non-Pacinian (NP) I, and NP III channels previously determined for the thenar eminence (Bolanowski et al., J Acoust Soc Am 84 : 1680-1694, 1988; Gescheider et al., Somatosens Mot Res 18: 191- 201, 2001). The effect of changing stimulus duration was also essentially identical for both sites, demonstrating the same amount of temporal summation in the P channel. Although the effect of changing stimulus frequency and changing stimulus duration did not differ for the two sites, the effect of varying the size of the stimulus was significantly greater for the thenar eminence than for the fingertip. The attenuated amount of spatial summation on the fingertip was interpreted as an indication that the mechanism of spatia...
A Space In-between: Red Rock

A conversation from the points of view of Laura Hartley's work with rural women and Margaret Somerville's work with Aboriginal place stories and their intersection with a specific place, Red Rock.
Electronic Activation of Cathode Superlattices at Elevated Temperatures – Source of Markedly Accelerated Oxygen Reduction Kinetics

Solid-oxide fuel cells are an attractive energy conversion technology for clean electric power production. To render them more affordable, discovery of new cathode materials with high reactivity to oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) at temperatures below 700 °C is needed. Recent studies have demonstrated that La0.8Sr0.2CoO3/(La0.5Sr0.5)2CoO4 (LSC113/214) hetero-interfaces exhibit orders of magnitude faster ORR kinetics compared with either single phase at 500 °C. To obtain a microscopic level understanding and control of such unusual enhancement, we implemented a novel combination of in situ scanning tunneling spectroscopy and focused ion beam milling to probe the local electronic structure at nanometer resolution in model multilayer superlattices. At 200–300 °C, the LSC214 layers are electronically activated through an interfacial coupling with LSC113. Such electronic activation is expected to facilitate charge transfer to oxygen, and concurrent with the anisotropically fast oxygen incorporation on LSC214, quantitatively explains the vastly accelerated ORR kinetics near the LSC113/214 interface. Our results contribute to an improved understanding of oxide hetero-interfaces at elevated temperatures and identify electronically coupled oxide structures as the basis of novel cathodes with exceptional performance.
Shift-invariant features for speech activity detection in adverse radio-frequency channel conditions

This work presents a novel approach to speech activity detection for highly degraded radio-frequency channel conditions. In this approach, the audio stream is segmented into short homogeneous segments. Each segment is represented by shiftinvariant features. These features provide a coarse histogrambased description of the high-energy trajectories in the timefrequency domain. They are less sensitive to frequency shifting compared to traditional filterbank-based features like MelFrequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC) and Perceptual Linear Prediction (PLP) coefficients. We evaluate our approach on the speech activity detection task of the Robust Automatic Transcription of Speech (RATS) program. Our experiments show improvements up to 29% relative in the performance in terms of total error on four radio-frequency channels used in RATS compared to the PLP-based baseline system. Index Terms: speech activity detection, segmental modeling, invariant features
Science and engineering faculties aging

The Division of Science Resource Studies of the National Science Foundation has recently published its third in a series of surveys of faculties at degree-granting academic institutions. ‘Young and Senior Science and Engineering Faculty, 1980’ (Nat. Sci. Found., Publ. 81–319) contains information collected from faculties at 156 institutions that had received at least $1.4 million in federal government research and development funds in 1977. The survey spanned 19 science and engineering fields and 39,760 fulltime faculty and included numerous factors concerning age, sex, race, and conditions of faculty appointments and departures. (Chem. Eng. News, Feb. 15, 1982).
Random consensus protocol in large-scale networks

One of the main performance issues for consensus protocols is the convergence speed. In this paper, we focus on the convergence behavior of discrete-time consensus protocols over large-scale sensor networks with uniformly random deployment, which are modelled as Poisson random graphs. Instead of using the random rewiring procedure, we introduce a deterministic principle to locate certain "chosen nodes" in the network and add "virtual" shortcuts among them so that the number of iterations to achieve average consensus drops dramatically. Simulation results are presented to verify the efficiency of this approach. Moreover, a random consensus protocol is proposed, in which virtual shortcuts are implemented by random routes.
Biomechanical comparison of two new atlantoaxial fixation techniques with C1–2 transarticular screw–graft fixation

Object Two new techniques for atlantoaxial fixation have been recently described. In one technique, C-2 intra-laminar screws are connected with C-1 lateral mass screws; in the second, C-1 and C-3 lateral mass screws are interconnected and C-2 is wired sublaminarly. Both techniques include a C1–2 interspinous graft. The authors compared these techniques with the gold-standard, interspinous graft–augmented C1–2 transarticular screw fixation and with a control C1–2 interspinous graft fixation procedure alone. Methods In six human cadaveric occiput–C4 specimens, nonconstraining 1.5-Nm pure moments were applied to induce flexion, extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation during which three-dimensional angular motion was measured optoelectronically. Each specimen was tested in the normal state, with graft alone (after odontoidectomy), and then in varying order after applying each construct with a rewired graft. All three constructs allowed significantly less angular motion at the C1–2 junction than the wir...
The Role of the State in Economic Transformation: Comparing the Transition Experiences of Russia and China

This paper compares two radically different approaches to transforming an economic system based on central planning and state property into a capitalist system, the neoliberal transition strategy and the state directed transition strategy. Russia's transition since 1992 is examined as an example of the neoliberal approach, while China's transition since 1978 is analyzed as an example of the state directed approach. The primary explanation for China's economically superior transition performance is located in the advantages of the state directed transition strategy. However, contradictions in a state directed transition strategy are identified which tend to promote an eventual shift toward a neoliberal strategy.
Optimal motion estimation from visual and inertial measurements

Cameras and inertial sensors are good candidates to be deployed together for autonomous vehicle motion estimation, since each can be used to resolve the ambiguities in the estimated motion that results from using the other modality alone. We present an algorithm that computes optimal vehicle motion estimates by considering all of the measurements from a camera, rate gyro, and accelerometer simultaneously. Such optimal estimates are useful in their own right, and as a gold standard for the comparison of online algorithms. By comparing the motions estimated using visual and inertial measurements, visual measurements only, and inertial measurements only against ground truth, we show that using image and inertial data together can produce highly accurate estimates even when the results produced by each modality alone are very poor Our test datasets include both conventional and omnidirectional image sequences, and an image sequence with a high percentage of missing data.
Measuring the clinical consistency of panelists' appropriateness ratings: the case of coronary artery bypass surgery.

Objective: To assess the clinical consistency of expert panelists' ratings of appropriateness for coronary artery bypass surgery. Design: Quantitative analysis of panelists' ratings. Participants: Nine physicians (three cardiothoracic surgeons, four cardiologists, and two internists) convened by RAND to establish criteria for the appropriateness of coronary artery bypass surgery. Main outcomes measures: Percentage of indication-pairs given clinically inconsistent ratings (i.e. higher rating assigned to one member of an indication-pair when rating should have been equal or lower). Results: In the final round of appropriateness ratings, among 1785 pairs of indications differing only on a single clinical factor (e.g., three-vessel vs. two-vessel stenosis), 6.6% were assigned clinically inconsistent ratings by individual panelists, but only 2.7% received inconsistent ratings from the panel as a whole (using the median panel rating as the criterion). Internists on the panel provided fewer inconsistent ratings (4.6%) than either cardiologists (7.8%) or cardiothoracic surgeons (6.3%) (p<0.001). More inconsistencies were noted when the factor distinguishing otherwise identical indications was symptom severity (inconsistency rate, 13.2%) or intensity of medical therapy (13.2%) than when it was number of stenosed vessels (3.8%) or proximal left anterior descending (PLAD) involvement (1.9%). Contrary to expectations, panelists' inconsistency rates increased between the initial and final rounds of appropriateness ratings (from 3.9 to 6.6%, p<0.001). Panelists' mean ratings across indications were only weakly correlated with individual inconsistency rates (r=0.18, p=ns). Conclusions: The RAND/UCLA method for assessing the appropriateness of coronary revascularization generally produces criteria that are clinically consistent. However, research is needed to understand the sources of panelists' inconsistencies and to reduce inconsistency rates further.
Inhibition of binding of hamster antibody to myelin basic protein by a synthetic triproline-containing peptide from JC virus T-antigen.

Antisera raised against porcine myelin basic protein (MBP) in Syrian hamsters were assayed by an ELISA method. The specificity of a hightitered antiserum was probed with synthetic peptides representing (a) a hexapeptide and a decapeptide of the JC virus (JCV) large T-antigen C-terminus which is homologous to the MBP triproline region, (b) a decapeptide from MBP which is encephalitogenic in guinea pigs, and (c) peptides unrelated to MBP, i.e, substance P and poly-L-lysine. In an ELISA inhibition assay, preincubation of the hamster antiserum to MBP with either the JCV T-antigen C-terminal decapeptide or the encephalitogenic determinant inhibited binding activity in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, the T-antigen C-terminal hexapeptide, substance P, and poly-L-lysine were not inhibitory. These results suggest that the triproline region of MBP can be immunogenic in hamsters, and support the concept that a conformation of the MBP triproline region is shared with certain of its viral homologues. In an effor...
Quantitative analysis and computation of two‐dimensional bubble columns

Experiments conducted quantify the macroscopic hydrodynamic characteristics of various scale 2-D bubble columns, which include dispersed and coalesced bubble regimes characterized by two flow conditions (4- and 3-region flow) with coherent flow structures. Hydrodynamic behavior is analyzed based on flow visualization and a particle image velocimetry (PIV) system. Columns operated in the 4-region flow condition comprise descending, vortical, fast bubble and central plume regions. The fast bubble flow region moves in a wavelike manner, and thus the flow in the vicinity of this region is characterized macroscopically in terms of wave properties. In columns greater than 20 cm in width, the transition from the dispersed bubble flow regime to the 4- and then to 3-region flow in the coalesced bubble regime occurs progressively with gas velocities at 1 and 3 cm/s, respectively. The demarcation of flow regimes is directly related to measurable coherent flow structures. The instantaneous and time-averaged liquid velocity and holdup profiles provided by the PIV system are presented in light of the macroscopic flow structure in various 2-D bubble columns. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the volume of fluid method can provide the time-dependent behavior of dispersed bubbling flows and account for the coupling effects of pressure field and the liquid velocity on the bubble motion. Comparison of computational results with PIV results for two different bubble injector arrangements is satisfactory.
Exposure to Deadlock for Communicating Processes is Hard to Detect

It is shown that the applicability of global state analysis as a tool for proving correctness of communication protocols is rather limited. Brand, et al. showed that reachability of global deadlock states for protocols with unbounded FIFO channels is undecidable. It is shown, that the same is true for unbounded non-FIFO channels. For bounded FIFO channels the problem is shown to be PSPACE-hard. Protocols with bounded non-FIFO channels are shown to be analyzable in polynomial time.
Barrier height, interface charge & tunneling effective mass in ALD Al 2 O 3 /AlN/GaN HEMTs

Atomic layer deposited (ALD) high band gap (∼6.5eV) [1], high k (∼9.1) Al 2 O 3 has emerged as an attractive candidate to support vertical scaling of AlN/GaN HEMTs [2] and its variants owing to its outstanding dielectric, thermal, and chemical properties. Integration of ALD oxides with GaN will enable lower gate leakage currents, high breakdown voltages, and surface passivation. In this work we present a comprehensive characterization of AlN/GaN MOS-HEMT gate stacks with ALD Al 2 O 3 of various thicknesses. Through capacitance-voltage and Hall-effect measurements, we find the presence and propose an origin of benign donor-type interface charge (Q int ) at the AlN/Al 2 O 3 junction, and relate its presence to the polarization charges in AlN. By studying tunneling transport in corresponding (Ni/Al 2 O 3 /Ni) M-I-M diodes, we extract the Ni/Al 2 O 3 surface barrier height (Ф B ), the electron tunneling effective mass in Al 2 O 3 , and discuss the resulting HEMTs.
Peliosis Hepatis-like Lesion in Aging Rats:

The incidence of peliosis hepatis-like lesions in two-year-old Charles River-CD Sprague-Dawley rats (Charles River Breeding Laboratories, Wilmington, MA) was almost twice as high in males as females. Blood lakes developed from progressive expansion of sinusoids with destruction of the hepatic cell cords. The endothelial processes of the blood lakes had edematous swelling, vesiculation, and denudation. The microvilli of hepatocytes became swollen, blunted, and sloughed where the endothelial processes were disrupted. Subsequently, the hepatocytes were exposed directly to circulating blood cells and had degenerative changes with accumulation of red blood cells in the cytoplasm. The membrane-bound cysts were observed with the blood lakes and were bounded with atrophic hepatocytes or membranous wall extending to the Disse's space of adjacent hepatocytes. The cysts were filled with proteinaceous fluid, fibrin, and a few red blood cells. The wall of membrane-bound cysts consisted of endothelial processes extending from the endothelial cells of adjacent hepatocytes. The wall appeared to develop from adhesion of endothelial processes surrounding sinusoidal spaces of the hepatocytes following lysis of atrophic hepatocytes. Peliosis hepatis in the liver of man is a rare lesion characterized by multiple
Changes in analogical reasoning in adulthood.

Abstract This study sought to investigate adult intellectual development through an analysis of a particular type of cognitive ability, verbal analogical reasoning. The performance of 60 individuals between the ages of 20 and 79 was compared on 100 verbal analogies. The subjects consisted of six groups of ten individuals each (five males and five females), matched as a group for education and gender. Solution times and error rates served as the dependent measures. Results showed that there was a significant trend for the older subjecs (60- and 70-year-olds) to be slower than the young subjects (20-, 30-, 40-, and 50-year-olds), but not necessarily more error prone. These data suggest that verbal analogical reasoning changes with age. Supplemental data demonstrated a change in other abilities as well (i.e., decline in perceptual-motor speed and spatial skill).
Agonistic Homegoing: Frederick Douglass, Joseph Lowery, and the Democratic Value of African American Public Mourning

What does the furor over the “politicization” of Coretta Scott King’s funeral reveal about contemporary black mourning practices? What does it reveal about black political thought, rhetoric, and practice? Identifying two key modes of mourning and their concomitant conceptions of democracy, this article situates the funeral within a tradition of self-consciously political responses to loss that played a significant role in abolitionism and the struggle for civil rights. Tracing the tradition’s origins, and employing the speeches of Frederick Douglass as an exemplar, it considers the approach’s democratic value and the consequences of its failure. Arguing that the response to the King funeral indicates that the tradition is in decline, the article locates causes of this decline in significant changes among the black population and in the complex consequences of the tradition’s previous successes. It concludes by considering the decline’s potentially negative impact, both for African Americans and for the broader political community.
Palliative care in pediatric patients with hematologic malignancies

Children with advanced cancer, including those with hematologic malignancies, can benefit from interdisciplinary palliative care services. Palliative care includes management of distressing symptoms, attention to psychosocial and spiritual needs, and assistance with navigating complex medical decisions with the ultimate goal of maximizing the quality-of-life of the child and family. Palliative care is distinct from hospice care and can assist with the care of patients throughout the cancer continuum, irrespective of prognosis. While key healthcare organizations, including the Institute of Medicine, the American Academy of Pediatrics and the American Society of Clinical Oncology among many others endorse palliative care for children with advanced illness, barriers to integration of palliative care into cancer care still exist. Providing assistance with advance care planning, guiding patients and families through prognostic uncertainty, and managing transitions of care are also included in goals of palliative care involvement. For patients with advanced malignancy, legislation, included in the Patient Protection and Affordable Health Care Act allows patients and families more options as they make the difficult transition from disease directed therapy to care focused on comfort and quality-of-life.
Multiple Observer Cooperative and Non-cooperative Optimal Motion Planning

In chapter 5, we considered various visibility-based optimal motion planning problems involving a single point-observer.
Final Report: SciDAC Computational Astrophysics Consortium (at Princeton University)

Supernova explosions are the central events in astrophysics. They are the major agencies of change in the interstellar medium, driving star formation and the evolution of galaxies. Their gas remnants are the birthplaces of the cosmic rays. Such is their brightness that they can be used as standard candles to measure the size and geometry of the universe and their investigation draws on particle and nuclear physics, radiative transfer, kinetic theory, gravitational physics, thermodynamics, and the numerical arts. Hence, supernovae are unrivaled astrophysical laboratories. We will develop new state-of-the-art multi-dimensional radiation hydrodynamic codes to address this and other related astrophysical phenomena.
Model of Hydrogen-Mediated Metastable Changes in a Two-Domain Amorphous Silicon Network

A phenomenological model for the light-induced metastability of a-Si:H is proposed in which a two-domain model of the amorphous network plays a central role. Boundaries between high and low density domains are associated with a significant fraction of the clustered Si-H in aSi:H. Weakly bonded hydrogen at these boundaries catalyzes metastable local configuration changes in the Si network due to non-radiative carrier recombination, leading qualitatively to both the gross structural changes and the increase in electronic defect density that are observed experimentally.
Improved Parametrization for Extended Derjaguin, Landau, Verwey, and Overbeek Predictions of Functionalized Gold Nanosphere Stability

Surface chemistry variations on alkanethiol-modified gold nanoparticles (i.e., packing density, tilt angle, and composition) influence their function in nanotechnology-based applications. Accurate theoretical predictions of the stability of functionalized nanoparticles enable guided design of their properties but are often limited by the accuracy of the parameters used as model inputs. These parametrization limitations for the extended Derjaguin, Landau, Verwey, and Overbeek (xDLVO) theory are overcome using a size-dependent Hamaker constant for gold, interfacial surface potentials, and the tilt angles of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs), which improve the predictive power of xDLVO theory for modeling nanoparticle stability. Measurements of the electrical properties of gold nanoparticles functionalized with a series of thiolated acids of differing ligand lengths and SAM tilt angles validate the predictions of xDLVO theory using these new parametrizations, illustrating the potential for this approach to im...
Large-Eddy Simulation of Particles and Bubbles Collisions in Homogeneous Isotropic Turbulence

Particles and bubbles suspended in homogeneous isotropic turbulence are tracked and their collisions frequency is determined as function of particle Stokes number. The effects of the dispersed phases on the carrier phase are neglected (one-way coupling). Particles and bubbles of sizes on the order of Kolmogorov length scales are treated as point masses. The equations of motion of dispersed phases are integrated simultaneously in time with the carrier phase equations using a 3rd-order Runge-Kutta method. The carrier phase large-scale velocity fluctuations are determined by a Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) at Reλ = 96 on a coarse grid of N = 32. Collision kernel, radial relative velocity and radial distribution function using LES are compared to Direct Numerical Simulation(DNS) data obtained by Fayed and Ragab [6] at the same Reλ and a fine grid 256 . It is found that around Stokes number of unity solid particles of the same group undergo the well known preferential concentration while particles and bubbles are segregated. This segregative behavior of particles and bubbles leads to a radial distribution function less than one. Collisions statistics obtained by neglecting the effects of the subgrid velocity fluctuations on the particles motion are in good agreement with DNS data for mono-disperse at high Stokes number. Small scales fluctuations are needed to accurately track particles and bubbles at small Stokes number. A multifractal approach is proposed to synthesis the SGS scales from the resolved enstrophy field. ∗Graduate Research Assistant, email: hehady@vt.edu †Professor, email: ragab@vt.edu, AIAA Member
The Constitution of Aspiration and “The Rights That Belong to Us All”

This bicentennial year has revived an old vision of the meaning of American constitutional history. Our significance as a people and as a nation, we are told, derives from the perspicacity of our Framers, those powerful and brilliant men who in 1787 imposed their vision of a polity on us. They made us what we are because they drafted a text, which became the United States Constitution. Because of them, "we find ourselves," as the young Abraham Lincoln wrote in 1838, "under the government of a system of political institutions, conducing more essentially to the ends of civil and religious liberty, than any of which the history of former times tells us. . . . Theirs was the task (and nobly they performed it) to possess themselves, and through themselves us, of this goodly land; and to uprear upon its hills and its valleys, a political edifice of liberty and equal rights." If theirs was the task of creation, ours (and here the first person plural includes all Americans since the Framers) is conservation. To quote Lincoln again, "We, when mounting the stage of existence, found ourselves the legal inheritors of these fundamental blessings. We toiled not in the acquirement or establishment of them they are a legacy bequeathed us, by a once hardy, brave, and patriotic, but now lamented and departed race of ancestors." And thus, it remains to us to "transmit" our inheritance "undecayed by the lapse of time, and untorn by usurpation to the latest generation that fate shall permit the world to know," a task we assume because of "gratitude to our fathers," as well as "justice to ourselves, duty to posterity, and love for our species in general."1 It is hard to imagine a clearer or more eloquent statement of important features of the celebratory mainstream perspective against which the essays in this symposium were written. To Lincoln, the drafting of the 1787 federal Constitution was the pivotal event in our national history, the event that constituted our national identity. Lincoln regarded the constitutional text as a closed repository of permanent constitutional meaning. This symposium describes some of the intense struggles
Analysis of HBsAg,HBeAg,ALT of employees in food and public industry

Objective:To investigate the epidemiology of hepatitis B virus infection among the employee in food and public industry of Wuzhou City,and provide guideline for the sanitary supervision on the hepatitis B control.Methods:Use ELISA to detect HBsAg and HBeAg,and use improved Beitman′s method to measure ALT.Results:Among the 71512 cases,the positive rates of HBsAg were 6.31%,and HBeAg 1.55% respectively.Furthermore,in the HBsAg positive cases,24.64% are HBeAg positive.The annual positive rate of HBsAg,HBeAg and HBeAg/HbsAg,all declined year by year while the younger group has lower positive rate than the elder age group,and female lower than male,all with great statistical significance.The total ALT abnormal rate is 0.28% and annual ALT abnormal rate fluctuated between 0.23%~0.37%.In generally,the elder group has lower rate but with no significance.However,there are different significances between the male and female(male 0.48%.female 0.16%) in ALT abnormal.The ALT abnormal has different significances that HBsAg positive group(1.09%),HBeAg positive group(5.31%) have much higher rate than non-infected group(0.15%).Conclusion:Hepatitis B virus-carrier,especially those with HBeAg positives,have great risk to public health as source of infection,should be paid more attention to.Physical examinations,tableware disinfection,vaccine inoculation to the high-risk people,combined with hygienic propaganda,all are effective measures to reduce the hepatitis B infection.
New Cosmologies on the Horizon. Cosmology and Holography in bigravity and massive gravity

The goal of this research program is to explore the cosmological dynamics, the nature of cosmological and black hole horizons, and the role of holography in a new class of infrared modified theories of gravity. This will capitalize of the considerable recent progress in our understanding of the dynamics of massive spin two fields on curved spacetimes, culminating in the formulation of the first fully consistent theories of massive gravity and bigravity/bimetric theories.