cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Optimum order of angle diversity with equal-gain combining receivers for broad-band indoor optical wireless communications

Angle diversity is an effective technique to compensate for multipath temporal dispersion in a wireless infrared environment. Diversity is accomplished by using a multibranch receiver capable of resolving multipath. The goal of this paper is to illustrate the effect that the increasing diversity order of a receiver has on the performance of a link in a multispot-diffusing configuration with equal-gain combining outage probability based on probability of bit error is adopted as a performance measure. It is shown that there is an optimal number of branches, which minimizes outage probability. Increasing diversity order beyond this optimal number degrades the performance and increases the receiver complexity, cost, and susceptibility to any shadowing effects.
Abortion access for incarcerated women: are correctional health practices in conflict with constitutional standards.

Does a pregnant woman who is in prison or jail still have the constitutional right to decide whether to continue her pregnancy or to have an abortion? The simple legal answer is yes. Of course, this provides little, if any, insight into what actually happens when thousands of women each year must make this decision while living behind prison walls.* But gaining such insight in any systematic manner has long presented a challenge to health professionals, researchers and advocates. The ways in which prisons handle a woman’s abortion request are often shielded from public scrutiny, and they can be enormously varied. Women are incarcerated at the federal, state and local levels. Accordingly, policies and practices of prison and jail offi cials, and the experience of pregnant women in their custody, may differ dramatically from state to state, county to county, and facility to facility. Despite these challenges, understanding incarcerated women’s ability, or inability, to ac
Inferring Latent Brand Dependencies

Abstract In this article, the authors develop a class of models to reconstruct brand-transition probabilities when individual brand purchase sequence information is not available. The authors introduce two general model forms by assuming different underlying mechanisms for individual heterogeneity in brand switching. The first model form captures individual heterogeneity by a latent class structure. The second model form captures individual heterogeneity by postulating that the brand-choice probabilities follow a Dirichlet distribution, which yields the popular Dirichlet multinomial formulation. Monte Carlo simulations are performed with a view toward assessing whether individual transition probabilities can be captured from knowledge of only aggregated brand choices. Results indicate that the proposed method can indeed capture individual brand-transition probabilities under several different conditions. An empirical application illustrates how these models can be used to provide important information on ...
The Weak Effect of Imprisonment on Crime: 1971–1998

Objective. This article studies the impact of increasing incarceration rates on crime rates. First we seek to replicate the findings of previous studies utilizing the pooled, fixed-effects models (which are based on the assumption that the effect of imprisonment does not vary across states). Next we test the validity of this assumption. Finally, we present a new methodology to examine the imprisonment-crime relationship. Methods. Annual state-level data from 1971–1998 are used to estimate 51 state-specific regression models in which crime rates for seven major categories are functions of incarceration rates and a wide array of socioeconomic and dummy control variables. Results. Our findings are consistent with prior studies. More important, the assumptions upon which the fixed-effect models are based were found to be statistically invalid. The results of our new methodology reveal that imprisonment rates are not significantly related to crime in the majority of states for any of the seven crimes studied. Conclusions. Because the state-level lagged imprisonment coefficients varied from significant negative effects to significant positive effects (depending on the state and type of crime), we argue that it is inappropriate to speak about “the” effect of imprisonment on any particular crime or at the national level.
Pepper's Ghost

Without applications of physics such as counter-weighted sets and backdrops, inclined planes, stage lighting instruments, and other mechanisms for deus ex machina, dramatic productions would revert to the words only—fine for Shakespeare and Becket, but not good for audiences who are accustomed to experiencing plays with the eye as well as the ear. Pepper's Ghost is a 19th-century stage illusion, based on basic optical principles, that can find its way into your introductory classroom.
Control of batch processing systems

The authors describe loading policies for a batch processing machine, i.e., a machine that can process more than one job at a time, when the arrival times of jobs at the machine are uncertain. The study is motivated by the structure of process flows and the predominance of batch processing systems in a semiconductor wafer fabrication facility. The authors consider a two-stage serial-batch system with the serial stage (e.g., photolithography) feeding the batch (e.g., furnace). Machines in the serial stage process one job at a time; further, these machines are subject to failure. The following control limit policy for loading the batch machine is assumed: load if the queue length >or=Q, else wait until the number of jobs in queue is at least Q. The basic tradeoff considered is delayed vs. capacity utilization. The authors do an average cost analysis and optimize to compute the critical number Q. >
Mutual repression between steroid and xenobiotic receptor and NF-κB signaling pathways links xenobiotic metabolism and inflammation

While it has long been known that inflammation and infection reduce expression of hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP) genes involved in xenobiotic metabolism and that exposure to xenobiotic chemicals can impair immune function, the molecular mechanisms underlying both of these phenomena have remained largely unknown. Here we show that activation of the nuclear steroid and xenobiotic receptor (SXR) by commonly used drugs in humans inhibits the activity of NF-kappaB, a key regulator of inflammation and the immune response. NF-kappaB target genes are upregulated and small bowel inflammation is significantly increased in mice lacking the SXR ortholog pregnane X receptor (PXR), thereby demonstrating a direct link between SXR and drug-mediated antagonism of NF-kappaB. Interestingly, NF-kappaB activation reciprocally inhibits SXR and its target genes whereas inhibition of NF-kappaB enhances SXR activity. This SXR/PXR-NF-kappaB axis provides a molecular explanation for the suppression of hepatic CYP mRNAs by inflammatory stimuli as well as the immunosuppressant effects of xenobiotics and SXR-responsive drugs. This mechanistic relationship has clinical consequences for individuals undergoing therapeutic exposure to the wide variety of drugs that are also SXR agonists.
From Scraps to Reams: A Survey of Printing Services in Academic Libraries

The growing number of electronic resources available in libraries has led to the adoption of printing as an integral part of library services. However, the high costs associated with providing printing have led many libraries to charge a printing fee. This article explores how academic libraries in the Southeastern United States are grappling with providing printing services both economically and equitably. The research finds that nearly half of the libraries surveyed are currently charging for printing, with another quarter considering charging in the future. Although no institutional characteristics appear to accompany a printing fee, the research finds that extensive planning and campuswide collaboration are essential components for the successful implementation of a fee-based printing system.
Learning to detect phishing emails

Each month, more attacks are launched with the aim of making web users believe that they are communicating with a trusted entity for the purpose of stealing account information, logon credentials, and identity information in general. This attack method, commonly known as "phishing," is most commonly initiated by sending out emails with links to spoofed websites that harvest information. We present a method for detecting these attacks, which in its most general form is an application of machine learning on a feature set designed to highlight user-targeted deception in electronic communication. This method is applicable, with slight modification, to detection of phishing websites, or the emails used to direct victims to these sites. We evaluate this method on a set of approximately 860 such phishing emails, and 6950 non-phishing emails, and correctly identify over 96% of the phishing emails while only mis-classifying on the order of 0.1% of the legitimate emails. We conclude with thoughts on the future for such techniques to specifically identify deception, specifically with respect to the evolutionary nature of the attacks and information available.
The Estuary's Gift: An Atlantic Coast Cultural Biography

The Estuary's Gift: An Atlantic Coast Cultural Biography. David Griffith. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1999. ix. 196 pp., illustrations, photographs, references, index,
High Reflectivity Modulation Electrochromic Windows

In this paper we report the fabrication of high reflectivity modulation electrochromic Windows (ECW's) which have exhibited a colored state reflectivity of more than 50% for the wavelength range of 1 to 2.5 µm with an average bleached state reflectivity of 20%. The transmissivity of these ECW's in the colored state was less than 5% and in the bleached state it averaged 60%. The materials employed were tungsten oxide (nominally WO 3 ) for the first electrochromic electrode, lithium cobalt oxide (nominally LiCoO 2 ) for the second, complementary, electrochromic electrode, lithium phosphorus oxynitride (Lipon) for the ionic conductor (electrolyte), and indium tin oxide (ITO) and indium oxide (In 2 O 3 ) for the two transparent electronic conductors. The predicted and measured reflectivity of the ECW's were influenced by the first transparent conductor (TM) in relation to its thickness and optical properties. Devices without a TC1 exhibited the highest reflectivity modulation, It was also concluded that two of the main limitations to the degree of reflectivity modulation attainable with the ECW's were lithium insertion into TC1 and electronic transport through the electrolyte.
APP and PS-1 mutations induce brain oxidative stress independent of dietary cholesterol: implications for Alzheimer’s disease

Epidemiological and biochemical studies strongly implicate a role for cholesterol in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Mutation in the PS-1 and APP genes, which increases production of the highly amyloidogenic amyloid-peptide (A42), is the major cause of familial AD. The AD brain is under significant oxidative stress, including protein oxidation and lipid peroxidation. In the present study, protein oxidation and lipid peroxidation were compared in the brain homogenates from knock-in mice expressing mutant human PS-1 and APP in relation to the intake of dietary cholesterol. The APP and PS-1 mice displayed increased oxidative stress as measured by protein oxidation and lipid peroxidation, independent of dietary cholesterol. These results are discussed with reference to proposed therapeutic strategies of AD. © 2004 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
Landau-Ginzburg to Calabi-Yau dictionary for D-branes

Based on the work by Orlov (e-print arXiv:math.AG∕0503632), we give a precise recipe for mapping between B-type D-branes in a Landau-Ginzburg orbifold model (or Gepner model) and the corresponding large radius Calabi-Yau manifold. The D-branes in Landau-Ginzburg theories correspond to matrix factorizations and the D-branes on the Calabi-Yau manifolds are objects in the derived category. We give several examples including branes on quotient singularities associated with weighted projective spaces. We are able to confirm several conjectures and statements in the literature.
Prolonged Mean Vo2 Response Time in Systolic Heart Failure An Indicator of Impaired Right Ventricular-Pulmonary Vascular Function

Background— In patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD), the rate at which oxygen uptake (VO2) increases on initiation of exercise is inadequate to match metabolic demands. To gain mechanistic insights into delayed VO2 kinetics in LVSD, we simultaneously assessed hemodynamic measurements, ventilatory parameters, and peripheral oxygen usage during exercise. Methods and Results— Forty-two patients with symptomatic LVSD (age, 59±2 years [mean±SEM]; LV ejection fraction, 30±1%) and 17 controls (LV ejection fraction, 68±1%) underwent maximum upright cycle ergometry cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Hemodynamic monitoring and first-pass radionuclide ventriculography were performed at rest and during exercise. VO2 kinetics were quantified by mean response time (MRT), which was significantly longer in patients with LVSD compared with controls (64±3 versus 45±5 s; P =0.004). In LVSD patients, MRT was associated with higher biventricular filling pressures and reduced cardiac output during early exercise. LVSD patients with MRT ≥60 s, compared with LVSD subjects with MRT <60 s, demonstrated greater impairment in right ventricular-pulmonary vascular function during exercise as evidenced by lower right ventricular ejection fraction (35±2 versus 45±2%; P =0.03), steeper increment in transpulmonary gradient relative to cardiac output (3.7 versus 2.2 mm Hg/L; P <0.001), and increased ventilatory dead-space fraction (17±1 versus 12±2%; P =0.03). In contrast, MRT was not associated with LV ejection fraction (rest, exercise), PaO2, hemoglobin, or resting pulmonary function test results. Conclusions— Delayed oxygen uptake on initiation of exercise (ie, MRT ≥60 s) in LVSD is closely related to impaired right ventricular-pulmonary vascular function and may represent an important surrogate for inability to augment RV performance during physical activity in patients with heart failure.
Viewing Metaphor as Analogy

Metaphor is a pervasive and important phenomenon, both in literature and in ordinary language. It is also an immensely variable phenomenon. The term ‘metaphor’ is often used to refer to nonliteral comparisons that are novel and vivid and that convey ideas that might otherwise be difficult to express (Ortony, 1975). But the term has also been used to refer to systems of extended meanings that are so familiar as to be almost invisible, such as the spatial metaphors ‘soaring spirits’ or ‘falling GNP’ (Lakoff and Johnson, 1979; Nagy, 1974). Even if we restrict ourselves to literary metaphors, there is still an enormous range of metaphor types, as shown in the following list: (1) She allowed life to waste like a tap left running (Virginia Wolfe) (2) I have ventured, /Like little wanton boys that swim on bladders, /This many summers in a sea of glory; /But far beyond my depth: my high-blown pride /At length broke under me; and now has left me, /Weary and old with service, to the mercy /Of a rude stream, that must forever hide me (Shakespeare) (3) For the black bat, night, has flown (Tennyson) (4) The glorious lamp of heaven, the sun (Robert Herrick) (5) On a star of faith pure as the drifting bread, /As the food and flames of the snow (Dylan Thomas) (6) the voice of your eyes is deeper than all roses (cummings)
Spatial Mobilization of Calcium and Magnesium from the Eggshell of the Snapping Turtle, Chelydra serpentina

Abstract Reptilian eggshells are a potential source of nutrients for developing embryos. Embryonic Snapping Turtles (Chelydra serpentina) used calcium and magnesium from the eggshell during development. This supplemental source of calcium provided more than twice the amount of calcium present in freshly laid egg yolk to developing embryos. Calcium was preferentially mobilized from the sides and bottom of the eggshell. Scanning electron micrographs of eggshells indicated that this preferential use affected the structural integrity of the eggshell, which presumably facilitates pipping. The mass and concentration of calcium in the chorioallantoic membrane increased significantly during later development, suggesting that this membrane plays a critical role in mobilization of calcium during development. This is the first study to demonstrate mobilization of eggshell magnesium by embryonic turtles.
A closer look at an aggregation model of the Stober process

Abstract Using experimentally measured nucleation and ionic strength transients, we confirm that an aggregation model can predict the particle growth profiles of Stober systems for a range of conditions. In addition, we examine the characteristics of the evolving size distribution. Systems giving the largest particles are characterized, after a short transient, by a size distribution wherein the dominant aggregation event is between the freshly generated nucleus and a large aggregate.
Chick loss in the Falkland Skua Catharacta skua antarctica

Data on reproductive success of 110 Falkland Skua Catharacta skua antarctica pairs were gathered during the austral summers of 1988–1989 and 1990–1991 on New Island, Falkland Islands. Adults laid two eggs 2–3 days apart and began incubation with the first egg. For the years combined, 1.39 chicks per nest hatched and 0.84 chicks per nest fledged (fledging was defined as surviving to 16 days of age). Brood reduction was common; 43% of the two-chick broods were reduced to one, and mortality was concentrated on the younger chick. Although asynchronous hatching and differential death are consistent with Lack's brood reduction hypothesis, application of O'Connor's quantitative criterion revealed that sibling competition may not be responsible for the observed chick mortality. Furthermore, because no aggressive interactions between chicks were observed or detected indirectly, siblicide may be absent in this population. Instead, predation modified by a variety of factors may have led to the greater mortality of the second-hatched chick.
Assessment of myocardial motion in children and young adults using High-temporal resolution MR tissue phase mapping

Background MR Tissue phase mapping (TPM) is a non-invasive tool to detect regional and global myocardial wall motion. Evaluation of myocardial velocity in radial and longitudinal direction throughout the cardiac cycle may help us better understand myocardial mechanics. Our goal is to investigate regional and global left ventricular myocardial motion using respiratory-gated high temporal resolution TPM in children and young adults. Methods
Constrained Langevin Dynamics of Polypeptide Chains

We have developed an algorithm to compute the trajectory of a polypeptide moving under Langevin Dynamics which incorporates constraints that conserve the the planar geometry of the peptide bonds. We show that for overdamped dynamics the constraints can be implemented at each time step by inversion of a banded matrix. This inversion is computationally very efficient. The forces which are included are those due to the non-bonding interactions between the amino acid atoms, with water put in by a simple dielectric function model. The method can easily be generalized to incorporate explicit water. Because the non-bonding forces are 2–3 orders of magnitude weaker than the bonding forces, we find that the algorithm is stable with time steps on the scale of a thousand times longer than those needed for molecular dynamics simulations. We have tested out the algorithm on simple poly-alanine examples, with extensive runs on 20-alanine. We observe that poly-alanine has rather long-lived meta-stable configurations with partial beta sheet conformations which can live many hundreds of nano-seconds.
Management of the Rh-sensitized patient. A 3 year experience with amniocentesis and intrauterine transfusion.

Abstract A 3 year experience with an Rh Clinic and consultation service is reviewed. The values and potential hazards of amniocentesis and intrauterine transfusion are considered. Attention is given to the reasons for neonatal and intrauterine deaths, to racial differences, and to a philosophy of management for the Rh isoimmunized group of patients.
Ability of infants to taste PTC; its application in cases of doubtful paternity

SummaryPhenyl thio carbamide is known to divide the adult population into 2 groups, those capable of tasting its intense bitterness (T) and those to whom it is tasteless (t). The capacity for tasting or failing to taste the compound is inherited according to Mendelian laws. It is demonstrated that the ability to taste or not to taste this compound is demonstrable in early infancy and it is suggested that such data can be profitably employed in cases of doubtful paternity in situations where a tasting child is born to a non-tasting mother.
A transformation class for spatio-temporal survival data with a cure fraction

We propose a hierarchical Bayesian methodology to model spatially or spatio-temporal clustered survival data with possibility of cure. A flexible continuous transformation class of survival curves indexed by a single parameter is used. This transformation model is a larger class of models containing two special cases of the well-known existing models: the proportional hazard and the proportional odds models. The survival curve is modeled as a function of a baseline cumulative distribution function, cure rates, and spatio-temporal frailties. The cure rates are modeled through a covariate link specification and the spatial frailties are specified using a conditionally autoregressive model with time-varying parameters resulting in a spatio-temporal formulation. The likelihood function is formulated assuming that the single parameter controlling the transformation is unknown and full conditional distributions are derived. A model with a non-parametric baseline cumulative distribution function is implemented and a Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm is specified to obtain the usual posterior estimates, smoothed by regional level maps of spatio-temporal frailties and cure rates. Finally, we apply our methodology to melanoma cancer survival times for patients diagnosed in the state of New Jersey between 2000 and 2007, and with follow-up time until 2007.
Common psychiatric concerns in home parenteral nutrition

In home parenteral nutrition (HPN), the patient is dependent on a machine. This can contribute to family problems, organic brain syndromes, depression, grief, or drug dependency. It is important to establish the base-line mental status of the patient before instructing him or her in HPN procedures.
The Empirical Challenge of the Cognitive Revolution: A Strategy for Drawing Inferences about Perceptions

This paper argues that while we have adopted the language of decisionmaking in our theories of international relations, we have not adequately addressed the operational problems of studying cognitive variables. After I identify the empirical challenge, I try to direct our theoretical attention to the task of drawing inferences about a subject's perceptions and definitions. I advance a preliminary theory and strategy that might guide this inference process, and then apply the basic method to a case study of Soviet perspectives on change in the Third World. The paper tries to bridge three domains: international relations theory, the psychology of social cognition, and Soviet area studies.
Sovereign democracy : Russia's response to the color revolutions.

The Russian Federation developed very different ideologies on the concept of democracy. In 2006, Vladislav Surkov, the First Deputy of the Chief of the Russian Presidential Administration, coined the term “sovereign democracy”. This gave a name to the Russian form of “managed” democracy and introduced a Russian alternative to Western liberal democracy: Sovereign Democracy. It asserts that Russia is a democracy and this fact must never be questioned by any state or such action will be viewed by the Kremlin as unwanted intervention in its domestic affairs. The Kremlin reacted to the recent Color Revolutions in the former Soviet Bloc by defining the concept of sovereign democracy. Russian democratic ideology, depicted within sovereign democracy, states both sovereignty and democracy are socially and culturally determined. The Kremlin argues Western interference, such as supporting the Color Revolutions, imposed Western conceptions of democracy on Russian civilians, and this interference is an attempt to influence Russia’s political philosophies and institutions. Putin and his administration emphasized the demarcation between Russian sovereign democracy and Western liberal democracy. Sovereign democracy allows the Kremlin to validate their increasingly undemocratic domestic and international policies. In particular, it led to the creation of the domestic agency, Russian Federal Public Chamber, in 2006 and heavily influenced the Kremlin’s decision to assist Belarusian President Alexsandr Lukashenko after the presidential elections in 2006. When the Kremlin proclaimed sovereign democracy as the uniquely Russian form of democracy, it crafted itself a defense against international criticism; because, to question sovereign democracy, and the policies it led too, would be tantamount to criticizing Russian social and cultural history.
An Analysis of Epidemic and Trend for HIV/AIDS in Xianyang City

Objective To investigate the HIV/AIDS infectious status and predict the trend in Xianyang city for providing scientific evidence for HIV/AIDS prevention and control.Methods The case and sentinel surveillance data for HIV/AIDS from 1999 to 2006 in Xianyang city were analyzed.Results At 1999 the first HIV cases was reported in Xianyang city.From 1999 to the end of 2006,77 cases were reported.A rapid increasing trend was found from 2003 to date.55(71.43%)HIV /AIDS were reported from 2005 to 2006.Most of the HIV/AIDS cases were farmers and were from 25 to 45 years old.The cases reported in the early stages were related with used and donored blood.Cases infected through unprotected sex and unknown were increasing rapidly.Conclusion At present Xianyang city is at a low infection stage,but the HIV/AIDS epidemic has significantly increased at a higher speed,and is now at a critical stage of spreading from the risk population to the general population.It is very important to using positive steps to limit the HIV/AIDS epidemic expanding.
Etiology of Viral Hepatitis

Years of effort to pinpoint the etiology of hepatitis appear to have achieved their goal in the case of serum hepatitis. The disease is clearly of viral origin—the virus involved is probably identical with the Au antigen—and can be transmitted by contact as well as parenterally. In the case of infectious hepatitis, a different virus is undoubtedly concerned; its identification and characterization are still far off.
When Employment and Caregiving Collide: Predictors of Labor Force Participation in Prospective and Current Caregivers

ABSTRACTObjective: Female caregivers often reduce time spent at work to care for aging family members, which precipitates financial hardship and other adverse outcomes. Little is known about psychosocial correlates of labor force participation (LFP) among female caregivers. The theory of planned behavior posits that social norms, attitudes, and perceived control predict intentions and volitional behaviors, but also that the compelling influence of situational variables undermines enactment of behaviors consistent with one’s intentions. The objective of this study was to employ the theory of planned behavior to examine how psychosocial characteristics predict willingness to reduce LFP among prospective caregivers and actual LFP reduction among active caregivers. Methods: Subsamples of 165 female prospective caregivers and 97 active female caregivers responded to a survey assessing filial beliefs and LFP. Results: Filial obligation and caregiver preparedness predicted intentions to reduce LFP among prospect...
Formation of the lunar highlands Mg-suite as told by spinel

Two competing hypotheses suggest lunar Mg-suite parental melts formed: (1) by shallow-level partial melting of a hybridized source region (containing ultramafic cumulates, plagioclase-bearing rocks, and KREEP), producing a plagioclase-saturated, MgO-rich melt, or (2) when plagioclase-undersaturated, MgO-rich melts were brought to plagioclase saturation during magma-wallrock interactions within the anorthositic crust. To further constrain the existing models, phase equilibria experiments have been performed on a range of Mg-suite parental melt compositions to investigate which composition can best reproduce two distinct spinel populations found within the Mg-suite troctolites—chromite-bearing (FeCr2O4) troctolites and the more rare pink spinel (MgAl2O4 or Mg-spinel) troctolites (PST). Phase equilibria experiments at 1 atm pressure were conducted under reducing conditions ![Formula][1] and magmatic temperatures (1225–1400 °C) to explore the spinel compositions produced from melts predicted by the models above. Additionally, the experimental data are used to calculate a Sp-Ol, Fe-Mg equilibrium exchange coe to cient to correct natural spinel for sub-solidus re-equilibration with olivine in planetary samples: Sp-Ol ![Formula][2] (R2 = 0.956). Melts from each model (≥50% normative anorthite) produce olivine, plagioclase, and Mg-spinel compositionally consistent with PST samples. However, chromite was not produced in any of the experiments testing current Mg-suite parental melt compositions. The lack of chromite in the experiments indicates that current estimates of Mg-suite parental melts can produce Mg-spinel bearing PST, but not chromite-bearing troctolites and dunites. Instead, model calculations using the MAGPOX equilibrium crystallization program predict chromite production from plagioclase-undersaturated melts (<20% normative anorthite). If so, experimental and model results suggest chromite in Mg-suite crystallized from plagioclase-undersaturated parental melts, whereas Mg-spinel in the PST is an indicator of magma-wallrock interactions within the lunar crust (a mechanism that increases the normative anorthite contents of initially plagioclase-undersaturated Mg-suite parental melts, eventually producing Mg-spinel). The constraints for magmatic chromite crystallization suggest Mg-suite parental melts were initially plagioclase-undersaturated. In turn, a plagioclase-undersaturated Mg-suite parent is consistent with mantle overturn models that predict Mg-suite parent magmas resulted from decompression melting of early ultramafic cumulates produced during the differentiation of a global lunar magma ocean. [1]: /embed/mml-math-1.gif [2]: /embed/mml-math-2.gif
Formation of the syn-isomer of [Cp*MoO(μ-S)]2

The structure of the title compound,syn-[Cp*MoO(μ−S)]2,1, has been determined.1 crystallized in the monoclinic space groupC2/c with dimensionsa=11.758(2),b=12.243(2), c = 15.585(3)A, β=104.63(3)°. The reaction of Cp* 2Mo2(S2)(S)(S2O3) with Me2PhP producessyn-[Cp*MoO(μ−S)]2 and Me2PhPO. The compounds [Cp′MoO(μ−S)]2 [Cp′=Cp, CpMe, Cp*] can exist as either thesyn- oranti-isomers. The present structure,syn-[Cp*MoO(μ−S)]2 is compared with the structure of theanti-isomer and with the previously determined structure ofsyn-[Cp*MoO(μ−S)]2 in a different space group.
Ribosomal proteins produced in excess are degraded by the ubiquitin–proteasome system

Overexpression of ribosomal proteins in yeast is prevented by ubiquitination of unassembled ribosomal proteins in the nucleus and/or nucleolus followed by proteasome-dependent degradation. Brief in...
Simultaneous Liver-Kidney Transplantation in Liver Transplant Candidates With Renal Dysfunction: Importance of Creatinine Levels, Dialysis, and Organ Quality in Survival

Introduction The survival benefit from simultaneous liver-kidney transplantation (SLK) over liver transplant alone (LTA) in recipients with moderate renal dysfunction is not well understood. Moreover, the impact of deceased donor organ quality in SLK survival has not been well described in the literature. Methods The Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients was studied for adult recipients receiving LTA (N = 2700) or SLK (N = 1361) with moderate renal insufficiency between 2003 and 2013. The study cohort was stratified into 4 groups based on serum creatinine ( Results In multivariable propensity score-matched Cox proportional hazard models, SLK led to decrease in posttransplant mortality compared with LTA across all 4 groups, but only reached statistical significance (hazard ratio 0.77; 95% confidence interval, 0.62–0.96) in the recipients not exposed to dialysis and serum creatinine ≥ 2 mg/dl at transplant (mortality incidence rate per patient-year 5.7% in SLK vs. 7.6% in LTA, P = 0.005). The decrease in mortality was observed among SLK recipients with better quality donors (liver donor risk index Discussion Exposure to pretransplantation dialysis and donor quality affected overall survival among SLK recipients.
Children and Shopping: Some Public Policy Questions

Children begin to shop independently in the early school years. This paper describes some of the shopping tasks they need to perform and the cognitive skills which underlie those tasks. Parental co...
Quantifying MLI Thermal Conduction in Cryogenic Applications from Experimental Data

Multilayer Insulation (MLI) uses stacks of low-emittance metalized sheets combined with low-conduction spacer features to greatly reduce the heat transfer to cryogenic applications from higher temperature surrounds. However, as the hot-side temperature decreases from room temperature to cryogenic temperatures, the level of radiant heat transfer drops as the fourth power of the temperature, while the heat transfer by conduction only falls off linearly. This results in cryogenic MLI being dominated by conduction, a quantity that is extremely sensitive to MLI blanket construction and very poorly quantified in the literature. To develop useful quantitative data on cryogenic blanket conduction, multilayer nonlinear heat transfer models are used to analyze extensive heat transfer data measured by Lockheed Palo Alto on their cryogenic dewar MLI and measured by JPL on their spacecraft MLI. The data-fitting aspect of the modeling allows the radiative and conductive thermal properties of the tested blankets to be explicitly quantified. Results are presented showing that MLI conductance varies by a factor of 600 between spacecraft MLI and Lockheed's best cryogenic MLI.
The Reconstructed Crow Terminology of the Titskanw a Tits, or Tonkawas, with Inferred Social Correlates

La reconstitution de la terminologie de la parente tonkawa a partir des donnees lexicales restantes montre un systeme crow simple et unitaire en 1884 et 1929. Quelques alterations des termes standards crow sont apparues en 1884 en reponse a une perte demographique massive ou sous l'emulation de la terminologie bilaterale anglo-americaine. Dans les plaines et les prairies, les terminologies de la parente qui se rapprochent le plus de celles des Tonkawas sont celles des Pawnee et dans une moindre mesure la nomenclature des populations de langue wichita et kitsai. De forts paralleles dans la terminologie affine traduisent des contacts anciens et intenses entre Tonkawas et Caddoans du Nord. Les correlations sociales du systeme de parente tonkawa sont etudiees en insistant sur une matrilinearite generale dans l'organisation sociale associee a des matrilignages informels
Reconstruction of Metabolic Association Networks Using High-throughput Mass Spectrometry Data

Graphical Gaussian model (GGM) has been widely used in genomics and proteomics to infer biological association networks, but the relative performances of various GGM-based methods are still unclear in metabolomics. The association between two nodes of GGM is calculated by partial correlation as a measure of conditional independence. To estimate the partial correlations with small sample size and large variables, two approaches have been introduced, which are arithmetic mean-based and geometric mean-based methods. In this study, we investigated the effects of these two approaches on constructing association metabolite networks and then compared their performances using partial least squares regression and principal component regression along with shrinkage covariance estimate as a reference. These approaches then are applied to simulated data and real metabolomics data.
A novel laboratory design of a passive-imaging target recognition system operating under clutter

To pchieve desired levels of operational performance, air and ground target surveillance systems require enhanced capabilities for identifying targets within the surveillance space. The objective of this study is to present a novel experimental laboratory design of a passive-illumination target recognition system. Polarimetric Exploratory Data Analysis (pEDA) has been applied for the detection and discrimination of targets in the presence of cluttered media, as well as for clutter characterization. The outcome of this study indicates that fusion of (pEDA) and Stokes parameters lead to reliable Figures-of-Merit (FOM)s that can be used as powerful tools for image analysis, characterization, and discrimination of cluttered targets, under passive illumination.
Restorative Considerations for Endodontically Treated Teeth

Most nonvital teeth suffer from a loss of structural integrity. The amount of remaining tooth structure dictates the type of restoration that can be used to restore pulpless teeth. There remains some controversy about the quantity of lost coronal tooth structure that justifies the need to use a post as well as how to restore an endodontically treated tooth to protect all remaining tooth structure. The variety of post and core buildup systems available contributes to the level of uncertainty. Preparation design parameters of nonvital teeth are a critical consideration in the restoration of endodontically treated teeth. The ferrule effect or the encircling band of cast metal around circumferential axial dentin coronal to the preparation finish line improves the integrity of an endodontically treated tooth. The benefits of a ferrule or circumferential area of axial dentin superior to the preparation finish line has been shown in the literature to minimize tooth fracture by counteracting functional forces. This chapter seeks to help the dental student and practitioner make evidence-based decisions to complete a thorough diagnosis and develop the most appropriate treatment plan for the restoration of endodontically treated teeth.
Sex‐biased dispersal and spatial heterogeneity affect landscape resistance to gene flow in fisher

Genetic connectivity results from the dispersal and reproduction of individuals across landscapes. Mammalian populations frequently exhibit sex-biased dispersal, but this factor has rarely been addressed in individual-based landscape genetics research. In this study, we evaluate the effects of sex-biased dispersal and landscape heterogeneity on genetic connectivity in a small and isolated population of fisher (Pekania pennanti). We genotyped 247 fisher samples collected across the southern Sierra Nevada Mountains of California. We tested for genetic evidence of sex-biased dispersal using sex-specific population structure and spatial autocorrelation analyses, and sex-biased dispersal tests of the assignment index, FST, and FIS. We developed resistance surfaces for eight landscape features hypothesized to affect gene flow and optimized each resistance surface independently by sex. Using multiple regression of distance matrices and an information-theoretic model selection approach, we fit models of genetic distance to landscape resistance distance separately by sex and geographic region. We found genetic evidence of sex-biased dispersal with significant differences in FST, FIS, and spatial autocorrelation between sexes. Optimal resistance values differed by sex, and model variables, fit, and parameter estimates varied substantially both between sexes and between geographic regions. We found a stronger relationship between landscape features and genetic distance for females, the philopatric sex, than the more widely dispersing males. Our results show that landscape features influencing gene flow differed by both sex and regional heterogeneity. Conducting analyses by sex and by region allowed for the identification of landscape genetics relationships not discernible when analyzed together. Our results show that failing to account for these factors can confound results and obscure relationships between landscape features and gene flow.
OPPORTUNITIES FOR INTERACTIVE, PHYSICS-DRIVEN WAVE SIMULATION USING THE BOUSSINESQ-TYPE MODEL, CELERIS

In this paper, we discuss the recent developments of our GPU-based Boussinesq-type wave simulation software, Celeris. This software is meant to serve the primary purpose of being interactive – i.e. allowing the user to modify the boundary conditions and model parameters as the model is running, and to see the effect of these changes immediately. To accomplish this, the model is coded in a shader language environment, and our physical variables (e.g. ocean surface elevation, water velocity) are represented in the model as graphical textures, which can therefore be rapidly rendered and visualized via a GPU. The model may run faster than real-time for problems with practical setups. Following a description of the numerical development of the wave model, we elaborate on the recent features that are added to the software such as irregular waves and uniform time series boundary conditions. Since the model is previously validated for breaking and non-breaking wave, in this paper, we compare the numerical results of the model with experimental results of a current benchmark and show its good agreement.
Abstract 19048: Clonal Analysis of Cardiac Tissue Formation Reveals Limited Proliferative Capacity of Mature Cardiomyocytes During Development

Strong evidence supports the ability of the heart to generate new cardiomyocytes during development and in response to injury albeit at a very low rate. However, it still remains unclear whether the newly formed cells originate from cardiac progenitor/stem cells or pre-existing cardiomyocytes capable of proliferation. Identification of the cell populations responsible for new cardiomyocyte formation is imperative towards the development of novel clinical strategies. Herein, we hypothesized that cardiac progenitor cells are the main source of the new cardiomyocytes generated during development while contribution of pre-existing cardiomyocytes is limited. For clonal analysis of cardiomyocyte formation we utilized a stochastic multicolor reporter system called Rainbow that allows random marking of cells with the fluorescent proteins Cerulean (CFP), mOrange or mCherry upon Cre-mediated recombination. Selective labeling of cardiomyocytes was achieved by crossing Rainbow mice αMHC-CreER mice. As control Actin-CreER;Rainbow mice were used where all types of cells can be labeled. Rare recombination events were induced at embryonic day E12.5 and clone formation and expansion were retrospectively analyzed at different time-points from E15.5 to postnatal day P30. To determine at which developmental stage cardiac cells lose their ability to proliferate, recombination was induced at different time-points from early embryonic to postnatal life and analysis was performed at P30. αMHC-CreER;Rainbow hearts exhibited mainly single colored cells randomly distributed within the tissue. A few doublets and some rare four-cell clones were observed. In Actin-CreER;Rainbow mice, we observed clones ranging from two to more than twenty cells. Clone formation and expansion decreased with age. Interestingly we observed clones consisting of more than one cell types indicating the existence of a common progenitor cell. We show that αMHC-positive cardiomyocyte proliferation is limited during development while non-αMHC expressing cells exhibit clonal expansion. Our results suggest a possible contribution of cardiac progenitor cells even during late cardiovascular development.
The mutual specification of genres and audiences: Reflective two-mode centralities in person-to-culture data

Abstract Recent developments at the intersection of cultural sociology and network theory suggest that the relations between persons and the cultural forms they consume can be productively analyzed using conceptual resources and methods adapted from network analysis. In this paper, I seek to contribute to this developing line of thinking on the culture-networks link as it pertains to the sociology of taste. I present a general analytic and measurement framework useful for rethinking traditional survey (or population) based data on individuals and their cultural choices as a two mode persons × genres network. The proposed methodological tools allow me to develop a set of “reflective” metrics useful for ranking both persons and genres in terms of the pattern of choices and audience composition embedded in the cultural network. The empirical analysis shows that these metrics have both face and criterion validity, allowing us to extract useful information that would remain out of reach of standard quantitative strategies. I close by outlining the analytic and substantive implications of the approach.
Novel supercapacitor model parameter identification methods

Supercapacitor based energy storage system has been applied in different power level applications for years. Due to its ultra-high capacitance and capacitor characteristics, it is ideal for high power short duration circumstances, such as regenerative braking in electric vehicle, transient frequency control in power grid. For all such supercapacitor applications, an accurate model of supercapacitor is essential for analysing its behaviour under various operating conditions. Many different electrical models have been proposed to improve accuracy under different conditions, such as the three branch model, ladder model, and transmission line model. The associated parameter identification methods are also important in improving model accuracy. Different models are reviewed in this paper, and its applicable conditions for each model are discussed. Two novel parameter identification methods are proposed, which provides better accuracy in describing supercapacitor discharge behaviour with a simplified experimental test. The mathematical model and experimental comparison are provided to verify the new parameter identification method.
Why do we take a sexual history

A physician explains the importance of taking a thorough sexual history and the proper way to complete it. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.