cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Wither the Saint Lawrence River

The International Section of the St. Lawrence River, reaching from the head of the St. Lawrence River near Kingston, Ontario to the entry of the river fully into Canada just east of Cornwall, Ontario and Massena, New York (Fig. 1), once contained a 10 mile stretch of white water known as the Long Sault (International) Rapids. The International Rapids is no longer a barrier to navigation. The St. Lawrence River is forced through the 900 megawatt Moses-Saunders power dam (est. 1958) that spans the river between Cornwall, Ontario and Massena, New York, and the St. Lawrence Seaway (est. 1959) guides ocean-going vessels through a fluvial lake over the drowned rapids in what is now called Lake St. Lawrence. Natural water level fluctuations in the river and upstream Lake Ontario have been subdued due to the power dam, and the St. Lawrence Seaway is responsible for many of the invasive species that have colonized the Great Lakes/St. Lawrence River ecosystem. The proximity of ample power provided by the dam stimulated industrial growth in the region, with the unfortunate result of environmental degradation, now identified by the Areas of Concern at Cornwall and Massena. Despite the economic attention bestowed on the International Section of the river, the current level of inattention to the ecology, limnology, and environmental issues of this river will lead to further deterioration of this system. The International Section of the Saint Lawrence River is in a state of neglect; inattention to this system and bypassing real needs have jeopardized its integrity. The Great Lakes community must recognize that many troubles arriving in “our” lakes
Synthesis of 4-Pyridone-3-sulfate and an improved synthesis of 3-Hydroxy-4-Pyridone

An improved synthesis of 3-hydroxy-4-pyridone via an Elbs oxidation of 4-pyridone and isolation of 4-pyridone-3-sulfate is described.
THEORY AND MEASUREMENT OF VISUAL MECHANISMS : IX. FLICKER RELATIONS WITHIN THE FOVEA

Flicker response contours (F vs. log Im) for a square image subtending 0.602° on a side, located in the fovea, are simplex probability integrals for a "white" and for four (five) spectral regions filtered from this white, and with different light-time fractions in the flash cycle. The subjective phenomena (the appearance of the field, the intensity threshold for color, and others) at the fusion points along these contours parallel in a variety of ways those obtained on duplex flicker contours resulting from the use of larger or eccentrically placed flickered images. These phenomena therefore cannot be held to indicate involvements of "rod" excitation. The scatter of the index of variation of I1 is such as to demonstrate the full participation of all the potentially excitable neural units at all levels of flash frequency, for each kind of light. The magnitude of this scatter, a measure of neural integration in visual performance, is a function of the number of these units (with Fmax. nearly constant); the two quantities vary together when wave-length composition of light is altered. The properties of the contours for a white light and for the spectral regions filtered from it show that, for the image within the fovea, different numbers of units are excitable in flicker recognition according to the wave-length band used, and different mean frequencies of elements of effect under fixed conditions. The changes in the mean intensity for activation of these units as a function of the light-time fraction in the flash cycle are correlated with the numbers of these units; when this is corrected for, it is pointed out that despite the differences in shape of F vs. log I it cannot be concluded that the mechanism of excitation differs for different wave-lengths. It is indicated that "white" must be regarded as a synthesis, not a mere summation, of effects due to different spectral regions. Certain differences are pointed to as between foveal and more peripheral regions tested, and as between observers differing in the degree of the "yellow spot effect," with regard to the relative effects of wave-length and of image area. A general consequence is the outlining of conditions required for the precise comparison of excitabilities as a function of wave-length in the multivariate visual system.
Predictability of Mesoscale Variability in the East Australian Current Given Strong-Constraint Data Assimilation

One of the many applications of data assimilation is the estimation of adequate initial conditions for model forecasts. In this work, the authors evaluate to what extent the incremental, strong-constraint, fourdimensional variational data assimilation (IS4DVAR) can improve prediction of mesoscale variability in the East Australian Current (EAC) using the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS). The observations considered in the assimilation experiments are daily composites of satellite sea surface temperature (SST), 7-day average reanalysis of satellite altimeter sea level anomalies, and subsurface temperature profiles from high-resolution expendable bathythermograph (XBT). Considering all available observations for years 2001 and 2002, ROMS forecast initial conditions are generated every week by assimilating the available observations from the 7 days prior to the forecast initial time. It is shown that assimilation of surface information only [SST and sea surface height (SSH)] results in poor estimates of the true subsurface ocean state (as depicted by the XBTs) and therefore poor forecast skill of subsurface conditions. Including the XBTs in the assimilation experiments improves the ocean state estimation in the vicinity of the XBT transects. By introducing subsurface pseudo-observations (which are called synthetic CTD) based on an empirical relationship between satellite surface observations and subsurface variability, the authors find a significant improvement in ocean state estimates that leads to skillful forecasts for up to 2 weeks in the domain considered.
A Propagation Analysis of Residual Distributions in Pipeline ADCs

This paper presents a propagation analysis of residual distributions in pipeline ADCs. It relies on the observation that the Frobenius-Perron operator which maps the input probability density of a pipeline stage into its output distribution admits a simple representation in the Fourier domain. It performs a decimation operation followed by a sign modulation operation on the Fourier coefficients of the input density. This representation is used to analyze the convergence of residual distributions to a uniform distribution as more stages are traversed. The analysis can also be used to show that quantization residuals become asymptotically independent. For quantization stages with redundant bits it is also shown that the span of the uniform distribution of quantization residuals need not coincide with the full ADC dynamic range.
I Tie Flies in My Sleep: An Autoethnographic Examination of Recreation and Reintegration for a Veteran with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

This autoethnographic account details the author's ongoing struggle with combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and how leisure was integral in his journey toward recovery. By showing ...
Fabrication and analysis of variable density poly-(L)-lactic acid fiber scaffolds

Poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) is an extensively studied synthetic polymer that has demonstrated utility as a scaffolding material. A common technique for the fabrication of PLLA scaffolds is electrospinning. The purpose of the present material study was to assess whether an electrospinning process could produce consistent and uniform PLLA scaffold densities. An 8% PLLA solution was made using a 1∶1 chloroform: dichloromethane solution and was then run through an electrospinning apparatus. Samples were spun onto 4% PLLA films for 2 or 20 min. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used for imaging the scaffolds. A nine measurement data set was used for the assessment of each scaffold density. Image analysis demonstrated that the electrospinning time and density of the scaffolds were directly related and produced fiber densities within a time dependent range of variation across the entire scaffold. Development of this process may improve current protocols for polymer fiber scaffold fabrication and produce superior scaffolds for both in vitro and in vivo applications.
Chromosomes at Work: Organization of Chromosome Territories in the Interphase Nucleus

The organization of interphase chromosomes in chromosome territories (CTs) was first proposed more than one hundred years ago. The introduction of increasingly sophisticated microscopic and molecular techniques, now provide complementary strategies for studying CTs in greater depth than ever before. Here we provide an overview of these strategies and how they are being used to elucidate CT interactions and the role of these dynamically regulated, nuclear-structure building blocks in directly supporting nuclear function in a physiologically responsive manner.
Bacterial diversity analysis of Huanglongbing pathogen-infected citrus, using PhyloChip arrays and 16S rRNA gene clone library sequencing.

The bacterial diversity associated with citrus leaf midribs was characterized for citrus groves that contained the Huanglongbing (HLB) pathogen, which has yet to be cultivated in vitro. We employed a combination of high-density phylogenetic 16S rRNA gene microarrays and 16S rRNA gene clone library sequencing to determine the microbial community composition for symptomatic and asymptomatic citrus midribs. Our results revealed that citrus leaf midribs can support a diversity of microbes. PhyloChip analysis indicated that 47 orders of bacteria in 15 phyla were present in the citrus leaf midribs, while 20 orders in 8 phyla were observed with the cloning and sequencing method. PhyloChip arrays indicated that nine taxa were significantly more abundant in symptomatic midribs than in asymptomatic midribs. “Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus” was detected at a very low level in asymptomatic plants but was over 200 times more abundant in symptomatic plants. The PhyloChip analysis results were further verified by sequencing 16S rRNA gene clone libraries, which indicated the dominance of “Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus” in symptomatic leaves. These data implicate “Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus” as the pathogen responsible for HLB disease.
Hospital-wide reactive scheduling of nurses with preference considerations

This paper presents a new methodology for reactively scheduling nurses in light of shift-by-shift imbalances in supply and demand. In most hospitals, the nursing staff is given a midterm schedule that specifies their work assignments for up to 6 weeks at a time. However, emergencies, call-outs, and normal fluctuations in personnel requirements can play havoc with the schedule. As a result, it is necessary to make short-term adjustments, either by reallocating resources when shortages exist or by cancelling assignments when demand drops. The need to take into account individual preferences further complicates the process. The problem associated with making the daily adjustments is formulated as an Integer Program (IP) and solved within a rolling horizon framework. The idea is to consider 24 hours at a time, but to only implement the results for the first 8 hours. The IP is then re-solved for the next 24 hours after several hours have elapsed and new data are available, and so on. Initial attempts to solve ...
Resolution of liver biopsy alterations in three siblings with bile acid treatment of an inborn error of bile acid metabolism (Δ4-3-oxosteroid 5β-reductase deficiency)

Identical male twins and their brother, cholestatic from birth, with delta 4-3-oxosteroid 5 beta-reductase deficiency, were studied by serial liver biopsy. Spectrometry documented defective primary bile acid synthesis and markedly increased levels of atypical oxo and allo bile acids in urine and serum. Hepatocellular cholestasis and giant-cell transformation resolved in parallel with clinical and biochemical recovery during oral bile acid administration. In the twins, portal fibrosis stabilized at a mild level; they are well as 5-yr-olds at this writing. Follow-up biopsy in their brother at 8 mo was normal, and he is doing well at 3 yr of age. Hepatic ultrastructural alterations in all three were characterized by abnormalities of bile canaliculi including small bile plugs, diverticulae and latticelike elaborations of hepatocellular membranes adjacent to bile canaliculi that were shown to have resolved completely on subsequent biopsies. Eight additional cases have been detected on urine screening; only two of these patients have survived, on bile acid therapy. Early diagnosis and treatment improves the prognosis of this otherwise lethal inborn error of bile acid synthesis.
Sports Celebrities and Public Health: Diego Maradona's Influence on Drug Use Prevention

Exposure to a sports celebrity through media and sporting events can have important influences on a public health issue associated with that celebrity. The battle against drug use by Argentinean soccer icon Diego Maradona has provoked concerns about drug abuse and prevention in Argentina, particularly among young people. The present study analyzes how two forms of involvement with Maradona affected the public's concern and perceptions of drug use after Maradona's drug-related health crisis in 2004. Results indicate that those who had a greater degree of parasocial interaction with Maradona were more likely to have an increased awareness of drug abuse, a greater personal concern about drug abuse, abstained from drug use, and more strongly support drug abuse prevention programs. In contrast, identification with Maradona had a mitigating effect on drug use prevention. Implications of these findings regarding the influence of sports celebrities on substance abuse are discussed.
Primary versus Delayed Tracheoesophageal Puncture in Patients with Free Flap Reconstruction of Laryngopharyngectomy Defects

Results Thirty patients (22%) had a primary TEP performed at the time of TL, 27 patients (20%) received secondary punctures (>3 months post TL), and 80 patients (58%) never received a TEP. Patient and operative demographics were similar between groups (p>0.05), apart from proportionately more hypopharyngeal tumors in the ‘no TEP’ group (p=0.002). Similar numbers of patients in primary and secondary TEP groups achieved functional speech (67% vs 71%, p=0.82). Median time to voice acquisition was 56 days for the primary group and 200 days for the secondary group. Salvage surgery and non-patch radial forearm free flap reconstruction both trended towards increased early postoperative complication rates (p=0.09).).
Physiological Optics, Cognition and Emotion: A Novel Look at the Early Work of Wilhelm Wundt

The German physiologist Wilhelm Wundt, who later founded experimental psychology, arguably developed the first modern scientific conception of emotion. In the first edition of Vorlesungen uber die Menschen- und Thierseele (Lectures on human and animal psychology), which was published in 1863, Wundt tried to establish that emotions were essential parts of rational thought. In fact, he considered them unconscious steps of decision-making that were implied in all processes of conscious thought. His early work deserves attention not only because it is the attempt to conceptualize cognition and emotion strictly from a neural point of view but also because it represents the very foundation of the debate about the nature of emotion that revolved around William James' theory of emotion during the 1890s. However, this aspect of his work is little known because scholars who have analyzed Wundt's work focused on his late career. Furthermore, historical analysis interpreted Wundt's work within a philosophical framework, rather than placing it in the context of German medical and physiological research in which it belongs. In addition, Wundt's early works are hardly available to an English speaking audience because they were never translated.
Trapping effects in wide-bandgap microwave FETs

It is well known that trapping effects can limit the output power performance of microwave field-effect transistors. This is particularly true for the wide-bandgap devices. In this paper, we review the various trapping phenomena observed in SiC and GaN-based FETs that contribute to compromised power performance. For both of these material systems, trapping effects associated with both the surface and with the layers underlying the active channel have been identified.
The Iron Isotope Fingerprints of Redox and Biogeochemical Cycling in Modern and Ancient Earth

The largest Fe isotope fractionations occur during redox changes, as well as differences in bonding, but these are expressed only in natural environments in which significant quantities of Fe may be mobilized and separated. At the circumneutral pH of most low-temperature
Effects of exercise on protein synthesis and myosin heavy chain gene expression in hypothyroid rats

Hypothyroidism suppresses muscle growth and alters myosin heavy chain (MHC) gene expression. To study the role of thyroid hormones in exercise-induced muscle growth and protein synthesis, we measured skeletal and cardiac muscle protein synthesis and MHC gene expression in hypothyroid rats allowed to exercise voluntarily. Female Sprague-Dawley rats (200-210 g) were separated into four groups for 28 days of treatment: control, hypothyroid (TX), hypothyroid plus running-wheel exercise (TX+Ex), and hypothyroid plus 25% overfed (TX+OF). Fractional protein synthesis rates (% incorporation/day) were measured using [3H]phenylalanine incorporation 10 min postinjection. The heart weight-to-body weight ratios of the TX and the TX+OF groups showed marked cardiac atrophy over the 28-day period (2.76 +/- 0.12 and 2.50 +/- 0.22 vs. 3.37 +/- 0.18 mg/g, respectively; P < 0.01). However, the TX+Ex group prevented heart, gastrocnemius, and soleus muscle atrophy over the same time period. Heart, gastrocnemius, and soleus muscles had markedly suppressed protein synthesis rates in the TX and TX+OF groups vs. the euthyroid controls (mean fall -72%; P < 0.01, analysis of variance). However, exercise increased protein synthesis rate by 50% (P < 0.05) compared with TX alone in all three muscle groups. Exercise did not modify hypothyroid-induced alterations of cardiac myosin isoform expression. Exercise-mediated effects on skeletal and cardiac muscle growth but not cardiac MHC gene expression appear to be independent of thyroid hormones.
Integrity of Bolted Angle Connections Subjected to Simulated Column Removal.

AbstractLarge-scale tests of steel gravity framing systems (SGFSs) have shown that the connections are critical to the system integrity when a column suffers damage that compromises its ability to carry gravity loads. When supporting columns were removed, the SGFSs redistributed gravity loads through the development of an alternate load path in a sustained tensile configuration resulting from large vertical deflections. The ability of the system to sustain such an alternate load path depends on the capacity of the gravity connections to remain intact after undergoing large rotation and axial extension demands for which they were not designed. This study experimentally evaluates the performance of steel bolted angle connections subjected to loading consistent with interior column removal. The characteristic connection behaviors are described and the performance of multiple connection configurations are compared in terms of their peak resistances and deformation capacities.
Brand culture: trade marks, marketing and consumption

Visual images constitute much corporate communication about products, economic performance and social responsibility, and also inform governmental efforts to create positive attitudes for citizens, consumers and organizations. Brand image, corporate image, advertising images and images of identity all depend upon compelling visual imagery. Variously referred to as the attention economy, the aesthetic economy and the experience economy, this visual turn in marketing may call for rethinking traditional approaches to brands and trade marks. Branding's reliance on visual rhetoric brings up a host of interdisciplinary questions. How do images function within marketing communication? What does the production and consumption of images mean for marketing, law and society? How does the handling of images in the allied fields of visual studies, art history, film theory, design management and corporate identity shed light on the relationships between visual images, brands and consumption? This chapter discusses methodological and theoretical issues of visual images as they pertain to brands, via interdisciplinary research examples and exemplars. I place visual issues within a broader theoretical perspective of brand culture – the cultural dimensions or codes of brands (history, images, myths, art, theatre) that influence brand meaning in the marketplace. Visual consumer research cuts across methodological and topical boundary lines – the possibilities and problems of visual approaches encompass experimental and interpretive realms, and include such varied topics as information processing, image interpretation and research techniques.
Response 1 to "Towards a Gerontoludic Manifesto"

Responses to commentary, “Toward a Gerontoludic Manifesto,” by Bob De Schutter and Vero Vanden Abeele in Anthropology & Aging Vol36, no.2, the special issue on “Aging the Technoscape,” followed by a reply by the commentary authors.
An unusual dental variant of ovarian teratoma. Report of a case.

Abstract Teratomas are unusual neoplasms that occur in many areas of the body but most frequently in the ovaries and the testes. This article reports an unusual case of benign ovarian teratoma with well-developed dental structures and also reviews the theories of embryogenesis of teratomas, with emphasis on those teratomas which contain teeth.
The treatment of psychoses with methyl guanidine sulfate; a clinical report of 12 cases.

In a series of 12 service men whose psychoses demonstrated schizophrenic or depressive characteristics, better results were obtained with electric convulsive therapy than with methyl guanidine sulfate.
Validation of a turbulent Kelvin-Helmholtz shear layer model using a high-energy-density OMEGA laser experiment.

Following the successful demonstration of an OMEGA laser-driven platform for generating and studying nearly two-dimensional unstable plasma shear layers [Hurricane et al., Phys. Plasmas 16, 056305 (2009); Harding et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 045005 (2009)], this Letter reports on the first quantitative measurement of turbulent mixing in a high-energy-density plasma. As a blast wave moves parallel to an unperturbed interface between a low-density foam and a high-density plastic, baroclinic vorticity is deposited at the interface and a Kelvin-Helmholtz instability-driven turbulent mixing layer is created in the postshock flow due to surface roughness. The spatial scale and density profile of the turbulent layer are diagnosed using x-ray radiography with sufficiently small uncertainty so that the data can be used to constrain turbulent mixing models. The estimated Reynolds number ($\ensuremath{\sim}{10}^{6}$), Liepmann-Taylor scale ($\ensuremath{\sim}0.5\text{ }\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}$), and inner viscous scale ($\ensuremath{\sim}0.17\text{ }\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}$) in the postshock plasma flow are consistent with an ``inertial subrange,'' within which a Kolmogorov turbulent energy cascade can be active. An illustration of comparing the data set with the predictions of a two-equation turbulence model in the ares radiation hydrodynamics code is also presented.
Silicon Nitride Tools Coated With Tic Or Tin Composite Diamond Structures

Composite diamond coatings on Si3N4 substrates have been developed to minimize stresses/strains and improve wear and adhesion properties. The coatings consist of a first layer of discontinuous diamond crystallites which are anchored to the Si3N4 substrate by a second interposing layer of TiC or TiN film. A top third layer of continuous diamond film is grown epitaxially on the first layer. The diamond films and TiC or TiN films were deposited using hot filament chemical vapor deposition and laser physical vapor deposition, respectively. The TiC and TiN films were examined by X-ray diffraction. The diamond films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. Adhesion of the diamond coatings was investigated using overlap polishing with diamond paste, wear against Al-12.5% Si alloy, and pull-test. The results show that after introducing an interposing layer of TiC or TiN, adhesion of diamond coatings on Si3N4 substrates is improved significantly. After polishing test against diamond paste for 4 hours, only 30% of diamond was retained with single diamond coating while 80% of diamond was found with TiN composite diamond coating. The mechanism of improvement of adhesion is discussed.
IL-13 and IL-4 promote TARC release in human airway smooth muscle cells: role of IL-4 receptor genotype

The chemokine thymus- and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC) induces selective migration of Th2, but not Th1, lymphocytes and is upregulated in the airways of asthmatic patients. The purpose of this study was to determine whether human airway smooth muscle (HASM) cells produce TARC. Neither IL-4, IL-13, IL-1beta, IFN-gamma, nor TNF-alpha alone stimulated TARC release into the supernatant of cultured HASM cells. However, both IL-4 and IL-13 increased TARC protein and mRNA expression when administered in combination with TNF-alpha but not IL-1beta or IFN-gamma. Macrophage-derived chemokine was not expressed under any of these conditions. TARC release induced by TNF-alpha + IL-13 or TNF-alpha + IL-4 was inhibited by the beta-agonist isoproterenol and by other agents that activate protein kinase A, but not by dexamethasone. To determine whether polymorphisms of the IL-4Ralpha have an impact on the ability of IL-13 or IL-4 to induce TARC release, HASM cells from multiple donors were genotyped for the Ile50Val, Ser478Pro, and Gln551Arg polymorphisms of the IL-4Ralpha. Our data indicate that cells expressing the Val50/Pro478/Arg551 haplotype had significantly greater IL-13- or IL-4-induced TARC release than cells with other IL-4Ralpha genotypes. These data indicate that Th2 cytokines enhance TARC expression in HASM cells in an IL-4Ralpha genotype-dependent fashion and suggest that airway smooth muscle cells participate in a positive feedback loop that promotes the recruitment of Th2 cells into asthmatic airways.
Abstract 4847: CD95/Fas protects cancer cells from cell death

CD95 (also called Fas and APO-1) is a prototypical death receptor that regulates tissue homeostasis mainly in the immune system through the induction of apoptosis. During cancer progression CD95 is frequently downregulated or cells are rendered apoptosis resistant, raising the possibility that loss of CD95 is part of a mechanism for tumor evasion. However, complete loss of CD95 is rarely seen in human cancer and many cancer cells express large quantities of CD95 and are highly sensitive to CD95-mediated apoptosis in vitro. Furthermore, cancer patients frequently have raised levels of the physiological ligand for CD95, CD95L. These data raise the possibility that CD95 could actually promote the growth of tumors through its non-apoptotic activities. We have recently shown that cancer cells in general, regardless of their CD95 apoptosis sensitivity, depend on constitutive activity of CD95, stimulated by cancer-produced CD95L, for optimal growth (1). Consistently, loss of CD95 in mouse models of ovarian cancer and liver cancer reduces cancer incidence as well as the size of the tumors. We have now generated inducible CD95 and CD95L knock down cell lines to characterize the molecular mechanisms of the dependency of cancer cells on CD95. In all cancer cells knocking down CD95 or CD95L slows down growth and in many cells causes cell cycle arrest and even cell death. In CT26L cells knock down of CD95L causes all cells to die within 2 days. This form of cell death cannot be inhibited by inhibitors of apoptosis or necroptosis and has features of mitotic catastrophe. The data suggest that CD95 maintains viability of cancer cells by preventing DNA damage. 1. Chen et al (2010) CD95 promotes tumor growth. Nature, 465, 492-496. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4847. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4847
IDENTIFICATION OF ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI FROM ARTEMISIA CALIFORNICA USING THE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION

The obligately symbiotic group of fungi, the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi possess several characteristics that make identification, and therefore ecological field studies, difficult. A major l...
Isolation and characterization of conformation sensitive antierythropoietin monoclonal antibodies: effect of disulfide bonds and carbohydrate on recombinant human erythropoietin structure

We have isolated and characterized three anti-recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) that recognize nonoverlapping epitopes on rHuEPO. Anti-EPO MoAb D11 neutralizes rHuEPO activity whereas MoAbs F12 and 9G8A do not. This suggests that D11 may bind to the rHuEPO active site. MoAbs F12 and D11 recognize conformation dependent epitopes whereas 9G8A does not. Immunoassays were developed for each monoclonal. The 9G8A immunoassay was novel and useful because immunoreactivity increased when rHuEPO was denatured. Disruption of disulfide bonds or removal of carbohydrate increased 9G8A immunoreactivity, which suggests that these elements are important for rHuEPO structure or stability.
The Strength of the Material in Cold Formed Parts

Cold formed parts are extensively used in the manufacture of automobiles, aeroplanes, appliances, and all other mechanical devices. In order to reliably design such parts it is necessary for the engineer to be able to calculate the strength of the material in the fabricated part at those locations where the stresses due to the applied loads are high.
Validation of International Classification of Diseases Codes for the Epidemiologic Study of Dermatomyositis

Objective: To assess the validity of using ICD-9-CM code 710.3 to identify adult patients with dermatomyositis in outpatient and inpatient settings. Methods: Electronic medical records were examined for adult patients with ICD-9 code 710.3 between January 2001 and November 2014 (n=511). Physician diagnosis, clinical findings and diagnostic testing results were recorded. A dermatomyositis rating scale was assigned based on classic cutaneous findings and at least 2 additional clinical and diagnostic findings from the Bohan criteria. Sensitivity and positive predictive values (PPV) were determined. Sensitivity analyses were performed to evaluate the accuracy of multiple ICD-9 codes in the outpatient setting, as well as primary and secondary inpatient codes. Results: The sensitivity and PPV for multiple ICD-9 codes of 710.3 in the outpatient setting was 0.89 and 0.35, respectively. The PPV for primary and secondary inpatient codes of 710.3 was 0.95 and as high as 0.8. However, the sensitivity of ICD-9 code 710.3 was poor in the inpatient setting (primary: 0.23; secondary: 0.26). Miscoding as diabetes mellitus (32%) was the most common reason for failure to meet appropriate dermatomyositis criteria followed by diagnosis at an outside institution (19%), dermatomyositis as a rule out diagnosis (10%), cutaneous dermatomyositis (8%), and juvenile dermatomyositis (6%). Conclusion: One or more occurrences of ICD-9 code 710.3 are insufficient to support diagnosis of dermatomyositis in the outpatient setting. However, ICD-9 codes of 710.3 appear to be valid in the inpatient setting. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Nutrition: A Primary Therapy in Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Appropriate nutrition is an essential component of intensive care management of children with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) and is linked to patient outcomes. One out of every two children in the PICU will develop malnutrition or have worsening of baseline malnutrition, and present with specific micronutrient deficiencies. Early and adequate enteral nutrition (EN) is associated with improved 60-day survival after pediatric critical illness and yet, despite early EN guidelines, critically ill children receive on average only 55% of goal calories by PICU day 10. Inadequate delivery of EN is due to perceived feeding intolerance, reluctance to enterally feed children with hemodynamic instability, and fluid restriction. Underlying each of these factors is large practice variation between providers and across institutions for initiation, advancement and maintenance of EN. Strategies to improve early initiation, advancement, and to maintain delivery of EN are needed to improve morbidity and mortality from pediatric ARDS. Both over and underfeeding prolongs duration of mechanical ventilation in children and worsens other organ function such that precise calorie goals are needed. The gut is thought to act as a ‘motor’ of organ dysfunction and emerging data regarding the role of intestinal barrier functions and the intestinal microbiome on organ dysfunction and outcomes of critical illness present exciting opportunities to improve patient outcomes. Nutrition should be considered a primary rather than supportive therapy for pediatric ARDS. Precise nutritional therapies, which are titrated and targeted to preservation of intestinal barrier function, prevention of intestinal dysbiosis, preservation of lean body mass, and blunting of the systemic inflammatory response, offer great potential for improving outcomes of pediatric ARDS. In this review we examine the current evidence regarding dose, route, and timing of nutrition, current recommendations for provision of nutrition to children with ARDS, and the current literature for immune modulating diets for pediatric ARDS. We will examine emerging data regarding the role of the intestinal microbiome in modulating the response to critical illness.
Chapter 13: Making Diversity Work in Academic Libraries

The chapter furthers the dialogue about diversity by focusing on what is not being discussed and how we can broaden the conversation. Part of the book "Where Are All the Librarians of Color? The Experiences of People of Color in Academia" (2005, Library Juice Press, Sacramento, CA).
Truth and Evidence: The Role of Police Officer Body Cameras in Reforming Connecticut's Criminal Justice System Note

Unresolved animosity between the public and the police has given rise to an “Us vs. Them” mentality. This divisive mentality perpetuates itself as the public extrapolates anecdotal evidence of misconduct to justify condemnation of the law-enforcement community as a whole. In response, many within that community find themselves entrenched behind a “Blue Wall of Silence” in positions of collective self-defense, often to the detriment of their sworn duties. This animosity is a product of the public’s perception that police officers seem to be able to break the law with impunity. Although that perception is rooted in an incomplete understanding of qualified-immunity and excessive-force laws, it accurately reflects the de facto unfairness of the standards themselves. However, with the advent of modern body-camera technology it has become possible to effect criminal justice reform in a way that obviates legal anachronisms and thereby solves these problems at their source. Connecticut has taken important first steps towards this goal, but so far it has been unable to create lasting change. This Note advances three proposals that will allow Connecticut to bridge any remaining divide between its goals and its achievements, between its public and its police, and between truth and evidence.
DIC Technique to Investigate Crack Propagation in Grid-Reinforced Asphalt Specimens

AbstractCrack growth data are among the key parameters needed to characterize the materials used in asphalt concrete fatigue and fracture tests. The purpose of this study is to investigate the use ...
Race, Ethnicity, and Health in a Global Context

Race/ethnic disparities in health exhibit similar and consistent patterns across time and geography in industrialized countries. Across countries such as the USA, the UK, Canada, Brazil, South Africa, and Australia the health of non-whites is poorer than that of whites for multiple markers of health status and disease states. Such disparities in health violate norms of equal opportunity and systematically restrict the quality of life and productive capacity of many individuals. In this chapter we discuss historical and contemporary definitions and uses of the concepts of race and ethnicity for classifying groups of people with similar ancestral origins in industrialized countries with diverse populations. We provide examples of the ways in which health status varies by race and ethnicity. Additionally, we discuss some of the potential mechanisms, including socioeconomic status, discrimination, racism, stress, medical care, and immigration, through which race and ethnicity may differentially affect health. Future research must incorporate life course approaches and elucidate biological pathways through which social determinants affect health differentially by race/ethnicity. Additionally, future research efforts must proceed with greater emphasis on ensuring accuracy in the collection and use of race/ethnic data.
Investigating Intimate Partner Violence Victimization and Reproductive Coercion Victimization among Young Pregnant and Parenting Couples: a longitudinal study

Objective Intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization and reproductive coercion place young women at risk for poor health. However, very few studies have examined the associations between IPV victimization and reproductive coercion among young couples nor investigated these associations longitudinally. Method Data were collected during 2007-2011 from 296 pregnant adolescent and young couples enrolled in a prospective study. Couples were recruited at obstetrics and gynecology, and ultrasound clinics. Results Using the Actor-Partner Interdependence Model, results indicate significant actor and partner effects for IPV victimization and reproductive coercion victimization. Actor's prebirth IPV victimization, and actor's and partner's reproductive coercion victimization in a past relationship related to reproductive coercion victimization in the current pregnancy. Partner's reproductive coercion victimization in the current pregnancy related to psychological IPV victimization at the six-month follow-up, but this relationship dissipated at the twelve-month follow-up. Conclusions A complex, co-occurring relationship exists between IPV victimization and reproductive coercion among young pregnant and parenting couples. Young couples transitioning from pregnancy to parenthood who experience reproductive coercion may be at risk for IPV. Pregnancy and parenting programs targeting young couples should be sensitive to the relationship between IPV and reproductive coercion victimization.
Early Trifecta valve failure: Report of a cluster of cases from a tertiary care referral center.

Abstract Background The Trifecta valve (St Jude Medical, Inc, St Paul, Minn) was approved for commercial use by the US Food and Drug Administration in 2011. Several isolated cases have been reported since then, describing early structural valve deterioration. We report a case series of 8 Trifecta valve failures, describing patients' clinical substrate and management, and the pathologic characteristics of the explanted valves. Methods Trifecta valve failure occurred in 7 patients (8 valves) receiving 19-mm (n = 2), 21-mm (n = 3), 23-mm (n = 1), and 25-mm (n = 2) valves. The mean duration of valve durability was 32 ± 21 months, and the most common lesion was prosthetic regurgitation. The mean Society of Thoracic Surgeons risk score for perioperative mortality at the time of reintervention was 9.75% ± 8.1%. Heart failure exacerbation was the most common presenting symptom. Results Five patients underwent surgical aortic valve replacement, 2 patients received valve-in-valve transcatheter aortic valve replacement, and 1 patient died of cardiogenic shock before reintervention. The most common pathologic finding in the explanted valves was a tan-yellow fibrofatty circumferential pannus adherent to the inflow portion of the Trifecta valve. Conclusions Our findings provide further insights into the pathologic mechanisms leading to early Trifecta valve failure. In addition to tear of the noncoronary cusp of the Trifecta prosthesis described as the most common mechanism in the literature for its failure, circumferential pannus formation composed of fibrofatty tissue in the inflow portion and leaflet calcification concentrated around the posts in the outflow portion are important mechanisms contributing toward early Trifecta valve failure.
Abstract 559: Exploiting Macrophage Autophagy-Lysosomal Biogenesis With the Natural Sugar Trehalose as a Therapy for Atherosclerosis

The autophagy-lysosome system is a catabolic cellular mechanism that degrades dysfunctional proteins and organelles. In atherosclerosis, there is mounting evidence that this process is rendered dys...
Exploiting semantic extraction for spatiotemporal indexing in GeoNODE

This paper presents an approach to information access based on spatiotemporal indexing. We describe GeoNODE, a "news on demand" system that visualizes news stories and other articles in terms of chronological time lines, geographical maps, and spatiotemporal animations. This spatiotemporal indexing is critically informed by our information extraction system, Alembic. This paper thus covers several dimensions of the technological partnership between GeoNODE and Alembic. We start with the end product, the display of spatiotemporaliy indexed documents, and work our way back through the various aspects of information extraction that underlie the indexing. We focus especially on those extraction tasks that operate at a common semantic level across diverse document sources and diverse languages.
Lymphedema surgery: the current state of the art

Lymphedema surgery, when integrated into a comprehensive lymphedema treatment program for patients, can provide effective and long-term improvements that non-surgical management alone cannot achieve. Such a treatment program can provide significant improvement for many issues such as recurring cellulitis infections, inability to wear clothing appropriate for the rest of their body size, loss of function of arm or leg, and desire to decrease the amount of lymphedema therapy and compression garment use. The fluid predominant portion of lymphedema may be treated effectively with surgeries that involve transplantation of lymphatic tissue, called vascularized lymph node transfer (VLNT), or involve direct connections from the lymphatic system to the veins, called lymphaticovenous anastomoses (LVA). VLNT and LVA are microsurgical procedures that can improve the patient’s own physiologic drainage of the lymphatic fluid, and we have seen the complete elimination for the need of compression garments in some of our patients. These procedures tend to have better results when performed when a patient’s lymphatic system has less damage. The stiff, solid-predominant swelling often found in later stages of lymphedema can be treated effectively with a surgery called suction-assisted protein lipectomy (SAPL). SAPL surgeries allow removal of lymphatic solids and fatty deposits that are otherwise poorly treated by conservative lymphedema therapy, VLNT or LVA surgeries. Overall, multiple effective surgical options for lymphedema exist. Surgical treatments should not be seen as a “quick fix”, and should be pursued in the framework of continuing lymphedema therapy and treatment to optimize each patient’s outcome. When performed by an experienced lymphedema surgeon as part of an integrated system with expert lymphedema therapy, safe, consistent and long-term improvements can be achieved.
Packaging of Electronic Systems Utilizing Commercially Available Integrated Circuits

An advanced packaging group has been in operation for the past year at Raytheon Company, Missile and Space Division. This company-sponsored program was originated specifically for the purpose of study and design of packaging concepts which utilized the latest practical developments in the electronic-component field.
An Assessment of Oral Health Importance: Results of a Statewide Survey

ABSTRACT Background Barriers exist to the U.S. surgeon general's call to action toward a goal of achieving oral health for all Americans. The authors describe perceptions of oral health among the public according to the results of a statewide survey conducted in Minnesota. Methods During a four-month period in 2005, 1,636 noninstitutionalized adults received a mixed-mode mail and telephone survey. The 40-item survey contained questions regarding the importance of oral health to respondents (overall), as well as the relative importance of oral health to overall health compared with diabetes, heart disease and arthritis. Results The majority of respondents (76.1 percent) rated the overall importance of their oral health as “very important.” Interestingly, 58.2 percent, 45.8 percent and 69.2 percent of respondents believed that oral health was “about as important” as or “more important” than diabetes, heart disease and arthritis, respectively. Only sex and educational level were associated with self-reports of overall importance of oral health. Conclusions The findings suggest that the majority of survey respondents considered oral health to be very important and equal in importance to certain medical conditions. Clinical Implications Among survey respondents, men with less than a college education were less likely than others to value oral health. Clinicians should recognize that this may affect behavior in this patient group, especially among those who may not visit a dentist regularly. When researchers design interventions to address oral health perceptions among the public, health care professionals and/or policymakers, they need to take this patient group into account.
Proteine – essenzieller Bestandteil unserer Ernährung

Dieser Beitrag beschreibt die Bedeutung von Proteinen (Eiweisen) fur den menschlichen Korper. Proteine geben Struktur und Gestalt, tragen zur Regeneration bei und unterstutzen die Immunabwehr. Sie regeln Stoffwechselvorgange (zum Beispiel Insulin) und transportieren Sauerstoff via Blutkreislauf in die Zellen (Hamoglobin). 20 verschiedene Aminosauren sind die Grundbausteine fur alle Proteine. Insbesondere die acht essenziellen Aminosauren gilt es, mit der Nahrung aufzunehmen, weil der Korper sie nicht eigenstandig herstellen kann. Da der Mensch uber keine grosen mobilisierbaren Proteindepots verfugt, mussen Proteine regelmasig mit der Nahrung zugefuhrt werden, ansonsten kommt es zu Muskelabbau. Proteinreiche Kost lost daruber hinaus ein Sattigungsgefuhl aus, sodass diese auch beim Abnehmen hilft. Bei Fehlfaltung nehmen Proteine eine veranderte dreidimensionale Form ein, wodurch sie ihre physiologische Funktion nicht mehr erfullen konnen. Ernsthafte Erkrankungen wie Alzheimer-Krankheit konnen die Folge sein. Als leichtverdauliche Proteinspeise werden als Entree zu servierende Garnelen im Kokosmantel zubereitet.