cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Behavioral sensitization to apomorphine in adult rats exposed to cocaine during the preweaning period: a preliminary study.

Sixty-day-old rats treated with cocaine (50 mg/kg SC) during postnatal days (PND) 11–20 received daily injections of apomorphine (2.0 mg/kg SC) for 10 consecutive days to examine the development of sensitization to a direct dopamine agonist. Behavior was monitored on days 1, 5, and 10, using a photobeam system, and on day 10 using the videotape assessments as well. Locomotor sensitization to apomorphine developed in the preweaning vehicle-treated males only. Neither the cocaine-treated males nor any females exhibited locomotor sensitization to repeated apomorphine injections at 2 mg/kg. There were no other treatment-related effects except for grooming, which showed an interaction between treatment and gender. Overall, every behavior analyzed showed significant apomorphine effects, except rearing. Margin time (wall hugging), grooming, and quiet were significantly decreased by apomorphine, while locomotion and the duration of sniffing were increased. In summary, these data indicate that with respect to locomotor activity, the development of sensitization to apomorphine at 2.0 mg/kg is prevented by preweaning cocaine administration in males. These data further suggest that developmental cocaine exposure produces long-term alterations in DA D1 receptor-mediated responses in male rats.
False Discovery Rate Based on Extreme Values in High Dimension

In recent years, there has been much work done on high dimensional problems in both theory and applications since high dimensional data are getting more common in broad areas such as microarray data analysis. One important issue in multiple testing problems in high dimensional data is controlling the significance level of large scale simultaneous testing to select significant ones among huge number of genes. In many cases, the true null distribution is assumed to be well-known or a parametric distribution so that p-values can be easily calculated. In practice, the true null distribution may be misspecified or different from the assumed distribution. In this paper, we consider a procedure for a FDR based on extreme values which is less sensitive to inaccurate p-values. The normalized forms are assumed to be approximately a standard normal by the central limit theorem (CLT). Comparing to the CLT approximation, we show that FDR procedure with extreme values achieves a more accurate simultaneous test level under some weaker conditions on sample sizes. We provide simulation studies and a real data example to compare the performance of our proposed procedure and an existing procedure.
The moderating effects of sex on insula subdivision structure in youth with posttraumatic stress symptoms

Background The insula is involved in interoceptive processing, emotion awareness, and attention to salient stimuli. Research suggests that these functions are specific—albeit overlapping—within insula subdivisions. Additional studies also imply that sexual dimorphism and different rates of development occur within these subdivisions in youth. The purpose of this study was to examine potential insula subdivision structure differences in youth with PTSD symptoms as compared to controls and test sex as a moderator of these differences. Methods Insula structure (volume, surface area, and thickness) was measured with structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) and calculated using Freesurfer software. We compared insula structure across age- and sex-matched boys and girls with (30 with and 29 without) PTSD symptoms while also controlling for age and whole brain measurements. Results Differences were specific to the insula's anterior circular sulcus. Within this subregion, boys with PTSD symptoms demonstrated larger volume and surface area than control boys, while girls with PTSD symptoms demonstrated smaller volume and surface area than control girls. Discussion Findings indicate a potential neurobiological explanation for sex differences in youth with PTSD symptoms.
Chemical and Radiation Stability of Ionic Liquids: A Computational Screening Study

Using a variety of density functional theory (DFT) methods, we present a systematic computational screening effort to analyze the chemical and radiation stability for a large number of anions and cations that constitute room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs). We compute various electronic properties such as the HOMO–LUMO gap, the ionization potential, and the electron affinities for a large library of ions (42 cations and 42 anions). The theoretical analysis provides the most comprehensive characterization of the chemical and radiation stability of individual ions in RTILs to date. Our calculations reveal that cation stability is closely related to constituent alkyl chain length and branching, whereas the anion stability is mostly dictated by ion size and electronegativity. Furthermore, these calculations show that the ωB97XD functional is the most internally consistent for predicting the chemical and radiation stability. These calculations establish a chemical stability database and a theoretical procedu...
gp55 from Friend Erythroleukemia Virus Induces Oligomerization and Cell Surface Localization of a Truncated Form of the STK Receptor Tyrosine Kinase.

Abstract Friend disease is an acute erythroleukemia induced by various strains of Friend virus and provides an excellent model to study the multistage progression of carcinogenesis. In the first stage of the disease, the virus infects erythroid progenitor cells and a viral glycoprotein, gp55, interacts with both the EpoR and a truncated form of the stem cell derived tyrosine kinase (STK), Sf-stk. This results in Epo independent expansion of erythroid progenitor cells. Companion with proviral integration, inactivation of p53 and activation of ets gene family members (Spi-1/PU1, Fli-1) in the late stage of disease will cause leukemic transformation. The majority of gp55 is retained on the ER membrane, with only 5% transported to the cell surface. Previous data has demonstrated that the activation of EpoR by gp55 through the dualtropic and transmembrane binding domain on the cell surface is critical for the early stage Friend disease. However, the mechanism by which gp55 leads to Sf-stk activation remains largely unknown. Consistent with previous reports, we find that gp55 immunoprecipitates with Sf-stk under nonreducing conditions and that coexpression of Sf-stk with gp55 results in enhanced tyrosine phosphorylation of Sf-stk. Moreover, we find that Sf-stk forms homo-oligomers when coexpressed with gp55 and, by introducing point mutations in the four cysteine residues in the gp55 ecotropic domain, the cysteine 338 mediates homo-oligomer formation of Sf-stk. Furthermore, mutation of cysteine 338 to alanine inhibits the ability of gp55 to induce Epo independent polyclonal expansion of erythroid precursor cells. We also demonstrate that, in the absence of gp55, Sf-stk is primarily located in the ER, but coexpression of gp55 induces cell surface localization of the truncated receptor. Further, we show that by adding a 6aa ER retention signal to the C-terminal of Sf-stk (Sf-stk-ER), Sf-stk-ER cannot be processed to cell membrane. However, gp55 retains the ability to bind and induce the tyrosine phosphorylation of Sf-stk-ER, and Grb2 is recruited to both Sf-stk and Sf-stk-ER when gp55 is present. Despite active signaling, our preliminary work failed to detect Epo independent colonies from BM cells transfected with Sf-stk-ER followed by Friend virus infection, indicating that a productive interaction with EpoR at the surface may be required for the differentiation of infected progenitors in vitro. Taken together, our data supports a model in which gp55 interaction with Sf-stk through cysteine 338 in the ecotropic domain of gp55 leads to oligomerization of the receptor, resulting in enhanced autophosphorylation and recruitment of Grb2, as well as relocation of active Sf-stk to the cell surface.
Introduction to Panel: When Relatedness is Damaged or Undeveloped: A New Consideration of the Link between Relational Psychoanalysis and the Object Relations Tradition

In this panel, we introduce two new conceptualizations of the analyst’s role and function designed for work with patients outside the reach of customary modes of engagement. Our approaches to the challenges of such patients draw on the insights of object relations theorists but rely on the relational school’s emphasis on the analyst’s subjectivity and differing forms of engagement. We believe that together our approaches contribute to a broadened bandwidth of relational practice.
Prediction and Validation of Transcription Factors Binding Sites in the Il9 Locus

Over the past decade, multiple effector T cell subsets have been identified with varying differentiation conditions in the milieu as well as a broad diversity of cytokine expression. Interleukin-9 (IL-9) secreting T helper 9 (Th9) cells are the newest member of this family. T helper cell differentiation including Th9 cells appears to be an epigenetic phenomenon requiring the coordination of a large variety of transcription factors to reshape the chromatin landscape and generate various T helper phenotypes. This chapter details methods for both predicting and validating potential transcription factor binding sites as well as their downstream epigenetic effect using a variety of in silico and in vitro methods in both primary Th9 cells and IL-9-producing T cell lines.
Extending Fraction Placement From Segments To A Number Line

This chapter continues to follow the set of activities that took place on November 10 during the fifteenth session of the 4th grade intervention studying how students build ideas about fractions. In particular, the chapter describes the students’ reasoning and the representations used as they are challenged to place rational numbers on a number line rather than a line segment. The facilitator for this session was Researcher Carolyn Maher.
Mobile Apps for the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH): App Quality Evaluation.

Abstract Objective To identify the availability and quality of apps supporting Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) education. Methods The researchers identified DASH apps over 1 month in the Apple App Store. Five registered dietitians used the App Quality Evaluation (AQEL) to evaluate app quality on 7 domains. Interrater reliability was tested using intraclass correlations. Results One paid and 3 free DASH apps were evaluated. Interrater reliability (n = 5) was good for 3 apps and fair for 1 app. Only the paid app scored high (>8 of 10) on most AQEL quality domains. Conclusions and Implications Based on lower quality found among the included free apps, further development of free apps is warranted. Whereas the paid app may be useful in supporting DASH education, future research should determine whether improvements in clinical outcomes are found and whether this app should be improved to address AQEL domains better.
Designing With Game-Based Learning

Background. The use of game-based learning strategies in higher education has shown promise to increase student motivation and achievement. Little is known about which game mechanics are most appropriate and effective for learners at different academic levels. Aim. This article examines teacher selection and implementation of game mechanics in 27 courses from middle school to higher education designed with game-based learning. Method. 27 educators participated in an open-ended survey on the design of their course. Measures included an open response survey on patterns and design of game mechanics with results validated through member checking. Results. Findings included different choices of game attritubes and game elements in courses in middle school, high school, and higher education. Teacher selection and inclusion of game mechanics changed over time to better meet the needs of students. Conclusions. The structure of game-based learning at different levels will vary to meet the developmental and academic needs of students, but more work is needed in determining which strategies are most effective for learning.
Balancing Knowledge and Judgment: A Clinician Looks at New Developments in Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology

In a fast-changing pharmacologic world, the conventional scientific approach to clinical decision-making seems to be gradually eroding. New drug treatments are appearing faster than old medications can be clinically evaluated; newly developed agents are increasingly used; the safety and efficacy of commonly prescribed agents in children are under serious doubt; the adequate duration of clinical trials is being questioned; multiple concurrent medications are used routinely; risk-versus-benefit-versus-cost research is not used to determine whether a new pharmacologic agent constitutes an advance over traditional agents; recent findings suggest little benefit of multimodal treatment over medication treatment alone in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder; and skepticism is emerging about the value of double-blind placebo- controlled studies. Recent advances in the field are reviewed to show how the “standards of practice” in child and adolescent psychopharmacology are increasingly based on going beyond the scope of scientific knowledge to a balanced use of “judgment” and “knowledge” in everyday clinical decision-making.
The aporia of practical reason: Reflections on what it means to pay due respect to others

This article investigates the forms of respect and responsiveness that must be present in the process of practical reason. Drawing upon Jurgen Habermas’ discourse theory and his incidental remarks about aesthetics, I identify two modes of respect. The first is the mutual respect and equality that emerges in the process of coming to agreement on proposed norms; the second is the call to infinite responsibility that emerges in opening to the transcendent character of others. However, Habermas makes an error in treating these two types of response as appropriate for different classes of beings when he suggests that mutual respect is appropriate for humans, but asymmetry is appropriate when humans deal with animals or others who are incapable of communicative action. Rather, drawing upon the work of Emmanuel Levinas, I argue that both responses are always present in all encounters with the world. There is therefore an aporia at the heart of the process of practical reason: the responsiveness required in the exercise of practical reason demands that participants be open not just to another's opinions and claims, but also to precisely that which is not understood, which entails the idea of infinite responsibility. It is the movement between these orientations that enacts the main features of ethical life.
The Influence of Strategic Learning Practices on Employee Commitment

This research explored the influence of strategic learning practices on employee commitment in the small business setting. A quantitative research design was used in this study. First, descriptive statistics for the scales are reported. Then, the relationships among strategic learning practices and employee commitment are explored with correlation analysis and structural equation modeling. The study finds that strategic learning practices have strong influences on employee commitment in organizations. The findings generate important implications for leadership theory and practice: Strengthening strategic learning practices is a wise way to develop organizational commitment, and well developed organizational commitment is the advantage to foster strategic learning practices.
Initial Clinical Experience with a Holmium:Yag Laser

Transmyocardial laser revascularization (TMLR) has been used in many patients to effectively treat angina that is refractory to medical therapy and which cannot be treated by traditional revascularization techniques. To date, a majority of these procedures have been performed with a carbon dioxide laser. However, because of the potentially large number of patients who could benefit from such a therapy, either as sole therapy or as an adjunct to coronary bypass and angioplasty, several different types of laser energy sources have been developed for TMLR. At least two clinical trials are currently underway investigating the safety and efficacy of holmium: YAG lasers. Our institution has been participating in an international, multicenter study evaluating one such laser; the CardioGenesis ITMR System. As part of this study, fifteen patients have so far undergone TMLR as sole therapy in the United States with the CardioGenesis ITMR System and, as reported in other trials, there has been an immediate and clinically significant reduction in angina observed in most patients [1]. In this chapter, we summarize the rather dramatic results obtained in our first patient in this trial.
Thermal resistance of Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella Heidelberg, and Escherichia coli O157:H7 at elevated temperatures.

A continuous-flow apparatus was developed to measure thermal resistance (D- and z-values) of microorganisms at temperatures above 65°C. This apparatus was designed to test whether vegetative microorganisms exhibited unusually high thermal resistance that prevented them from being completely eliminated at temperatures applicable to vacuum-steam-vacuum processes (116 to 157°C). The apparatus was composed of a high-pressure liquid chromatography pump, a heating unit, and a cooling unit. It was designed to measure small D-values (<1 s). Three randomly selected organisms, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella Heidelberg, and Escherichia coli O157:H7 suspended in deionized water were tested in the continuous-flow apparatus at temperatures ranging from 60 to 80°C. Studies showed that the D-values of these organisms ranged from 0.05 to 20 s. Heating at 80°C was found to be basically the physical limit of the system. Experimental results showed that L. monocytogenes, Salmonella Heidelberg, and E. coli O157:H7 did not...
Seasonal Changes of Extremes in Isolated and Mesoscale Precipitation for the Southeastern United States

The association between instantaneous extreme precipitation and mesoscale organization over the southeastern United States is not well known. This study addresses whether isolated precipitation features have a distinct distribution and spatial pattern of extreme rain compared to mesoscale precipitation features, and how these distributions and spatial patterns change from spring to summer. Using a four-year surface radar precipitation data set, hourly images of instantaneous extreme rain rates were separated into isolated and mesoscale precipitation features from March through August for the four-year period of 2009–2012. Results show that that compared to isolated convection, mesoscale precipitation organization is more commonly associated with higher extremes in instantaneous rainfall in the southeastern U.S. Extreme rain values tied to mesoscale organization shift eastward and toward the coasts from spring to summer, while extreme rain from isolated convection is mainly a summer phenomenon concentrated in Florida and along the coastal plain. The implication is that dynamical processes favoring mesoscale organization such as high shear associated with baroclinic circulations are more associated with higher values of extreme rain, while thermodynamic forcing and local circulations favoring isolated convection are associated with lower values of extreme rain.
External Ventricular Drain and Hemorrhage in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Patients on Dual Antiplatelet Therapy: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background Stenting and flow diversion for aneurysmal sub arachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) require the use of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT). Objective To investigate whether DAPT is associated with hemorrhagic complication following placement of external ventricular drains (EVD) in patients with aSAH. Methods Rates of radiographically identified hemorrhage associated with EVD placement were compared between patients who received DAPT for stenting or flow diversion, and patients who underwent microsurgical clipping or coiling and did not receive DAPT by way of a backward stepwise multivariate analysis. Results Four hundred forty-three patients were admitted for aSAH management. Two hundred ninety-eight patients required placement of an EVD. One hundred twenty patients (40%) were treated with stent-assisted coiling or flow diversion and required DAPT, while 178 patients (60%) were treated with coiling without stents or microsurgical clipping and did not receive DAPT. Forty-two (14%) cases of new hemorrhage along the EVD catheter were identified radiographically. Thirty-two of these hemorrhages occurred in patients on DAPT, while 10 occurred in patients without DAPT. After multivariate analysis, DAPT was significantly associated with radiographic hemorrhage [odds ratio: 4.92, 95% confidence interval: 2.45-9.91, P = .0001]. We did not observe an increased proportion of symptomatic hemorrhage in patients receiving DAPT (10 of 32 [31%]) vs those without (5 of 10 [50%]; P = .4508). Conclusion Patients with aSAH who receive stent-assisted coiling or flow diversion are at higher risk for radiographic hemorrhage associated with EVD placement. The timing between EVD placement and DAPT initiation does not appear to be of clinical significance. Stenting and flow diversion remain viable options for aSAH patients.
Distribution and Importance of Plant Nematodes in Nebraska, Kansas and Colorado

Nematological research in the Central Great Plains historically focused on management of Nacobbus abberans and Heterodera schachtii in sugar beets, and Longidorus breviannulatus, Belonolaimus spp., and Pratylenchus spp. in irrigated corn fields, primarily through the use of granular nematicides and soil fumigants. With the introduction of the soybean cyst nematode Heterodera glycines into eastern soybean production areas in the 1980s, emphasis largely shifted to using resistant varieties and crop rotation to address the new threat. Management of widespread agronomically important taxa such as the root lesion nematode Pratylenchus neglectus received little attention during this period. Recent developments in the Central Great Plains, including diminishing effectiveness of host resistance in soybean, new developments in seed treatments for nematode control in corn and soybean, and grower adoption of cover crops, has led to a renewed focus on sustainable integrated pest management (IPM) practices in each of these cases.
Intercultural Learning may be Impossible in Education Abroad: A Lesson from King Lear

Intercultural learning requires reflection; Education abroad scholars and practitioners hold this belief to be self-evident. Becoming more aware of both others’ and one’s own culture requires intentional reflection, often facilitated by an expert. However, the practice of guided reflection rests upon the precarious assumption that learners can be honest about deeply personal experiences when they reflect. I make the argument that the truthfulness of students’ reflection cannot be assured because guided reflection has become a ritual. Students are well aware of the social norms of guided reflection since it is such a common activity in the orthodoxy of liberal arts learning. As a result, they are more concerned about proper performance than truthful expression. Scenes from Shakespeare’s King Lear are used to illustrate the argument that truthfulness of expression cannot be assured in situations in rituals – that is, when a certain kind of performance is expected. If honesty cannot be assured, then guided reflection may be fundamentally unsuited as a means to promote intercultural learning. Four alternative behavioral conventions are presented to help students free themselves from the constraints of academic rituals: Don’t act like a good student, don’t work so hard, don’t think so much, and don’t talk so much. Finally, three virtues are offered that characterize students who can break free from the constraints of academic rituals: honesty, ignorance, and courage.
System-level matching of structural and functional connectomes in the human brain

The brain can be considered as an information processing network, where complex behavior manifests as a result of communication between large-scale functional systems such as visual and default mode networks. As the communication between brain regions occurs through underlying anatomical pathways, it is important to define a "traffic pattern" that properly describes how the regions exchange information. Empirically, the choice of the traffic pattern can be made based on how well the functional connectivity between regions matches the structural pathways equipped with that traffic pattern. In this paper, we present a multimodal connectomics paradigm utilizing graph matching to measure similarity between structural and functional connectomes (derived from dMRI and fMRI data) at node, system, and connectome level. Through an investigation of the brain's structure-function relationship over a large cohort of 641 healthy developmental participants aged 8-22 years, we demonstrate that communicability as the traffic pattern describes the functional connectivity of the brain best, with large-scale systems having significant agreement between their structural and functional connectivity patterns. Notably, matching between structural and functional connectivity for the functionally specialized modular systems such as visual and motor networks are higher as compared to other more integrated systems. Additionally, we show that the negative functional connectivity between the default mode network (DMN) and motor, frontoparietal, attention, and visual networks is significantly associated with its underlying structural connectivity, highlighting the counterbalance between functional activation patterns of DMN and other systems. Finally, we investigated sex difference and developmental changes in brain and observed that similarity between structure and function changes with development.
Comparing the Impact of Bullying Victimization on Drug Use and Weapon Carrying among Male and Female Middle and High School Students: A Partial Test of General Strain Theory

Prior research testing general strain theory (GST) suggests potential differences in how males and females respond to strain. Using a sample of 3,139 middle and high school students (1,515 males an...
"She Is Waiting": Political Allegory and the Specter of Secession in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Half of a Yellow Sun

In this essay, I read Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s Half of a Yellow Sun (2006) as a political allegory, legible within its characters’ personal relationships and historical circumstances. This allegory, I argue, refuses closure in ways that suggest an alternative both to the prevalent notion that the novel has an apolitical, purely tragic ending and to dominant narratives about the Biafran secession’s “inevitable” failure. My reading thereby intervenes in critical conversations about Half of a Yellow Sun , the Biafran state, and secession and self-determination throughout Africa.
Sexual orientation-related disparities in healthcare access in three cohorts of U.S. adults

Abstract The objective of this study was to quantify sexual orientation differences in insurance access, healthcare utilization, and unmet needs for care. We analyzed cross-sectional data from three longitudinal U.S.-based cohorts (N = 31,172) of adults ages 20–54 years in the Growing Up Today Studies 1 and 2 and the Nurses' Health Study 3 from 2015 to 2019. Adjusted log-binomial models examined sexual orientation differences (reference: completely heterosexual) in insurance access, healthcare utilization, and unmet needs for care. Compared to completely heterosexuals, mostly heterosexual and bisexual adults were more likely to report emergency departments as a usual source of care and less likely to be privately insured. Sexual minorities (mostly heterosexual, bisexual, gay/lesbian) were also more likely than completely heterosexuals to delay needed care for reasons of not wanting to bother a healthcare provider, concerns over cost/insurance, bad prior healthcare experiences, and being unable to get an appointment. Differences by sex and sexual orientation also emerged for healthcare utilization and unmet needs. For example, mostly heterosexual women were more likely than completely heterosexual women to delay care due to perceiving symptoms as not serious enough, while gay men were less likely than lesbian women to delay for this reason. Findings indicate that sexual minorities experience disparities in unmet needs for and continuity of care. Provider education should be attentive to how perceptions, like perceived severity, can shape healthcare access in tandem with socioeconomic barriers.
Acute and chronic effects of Dimilin on survival and reproduction of Mysidopsis bahia

Dimilin (diflubenzuron), a new insecticide that inhibits chitin synthesis in insects, was found to be acutely and chronically toxic to an estuarine mysid shrimp, Mysidopsis bahia. The 96-h LC 5 0 was 2.06 μg/litre, the 21-day LC 5 0 1.24 μg/litre. Significantly, a 28-day exposure to an estimated concentration of 0.075 μg/litre decreased the production of offspring per female mysid. Data from the chronic tests suggest that the test concentrations not only decreased reproduction in the parents but also affected the reproduction of the progeny. The loss in reproductive success occurred even when the exposed parents or progeny had been moved to water that contained no Dimilin. Should Dimilin reach estuarine waters, the larval or the juvenile stages of other nontarget estuarine crustaceans may be threatened in a manner similar to that observed with M. bahia.
Social Work and the Future in a Post-Covid 19 World: A Foresight Lens and a Call to Action for the Profession

What is the future of the social work profession? This paper explores what being more future facing might look like for social workers/educators and introduces foresight as a useful and urgently ne...
Generating patient-specific virtual tumor populations with reaction-diffusion models and molecular imaging data

The use of mathematical tumor growth models coupled to noisy imaging data has been suggested as a possible component in the push towards precision medicine. We discuss the generation of population and patient-specific virtual populations in this context, providing in silico experiments to demonstrate how intra- and inter-patient heterogeneity can be estimated by applying rigorous statistical procedures to noisy molecular imaging data, and how the noise properties of such data can be analyzed to estimate uncertainties in predicted patient outcomes.
Quantifying direct effects of social determinants of health on systolic blood pressure in United States adult immigrants

Identify the pathway by which social determinants of health (SDoH) variables impact systolic blood pressure (SBP) in immigrants. Latent variables were used to assess the relationship between SDoH and SBP. Latent variables were identified using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) for (1) global socioeconomic status (SES) (education, income, number of hours worked per week), (2) stressors of immigration (life-course SES, immigration stress, immigration demand), (3) adaptation to immigration (perceived discrimination, perceived stress, health literacy), and (4) burden of disease (disability, comorbidities, chronic pain). Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to investigate the relationship between immigrant specific latent variables and SBP. The study included 181 adult immigrants. The initial model (chi2 (77, n = 181) = 302.40, p < 0.001, RMSEA = 0.086, CFI = 0.84, TLI = 0.78, CD = 0.91) showed that stressors of immigration had a direct relationship with SBP (−0.35, p = 0.033); global (SES) had a direct relationship with burden of disease (−0.70, p = 0.007) and an indirect relationship with SBP by way of burden of disease (0.24, p = 0.015). The final model (chi2 (69, n = 181) = 149.98, p < 0.001, RMSEA = 0.054, CFI = 0.94, TLI = 0.91, CD = 0.96) maintained that global SES had a direct relationship with burden of disease (−0.40, p < 0.001) and an indirect relationship with SBP by way burden of disease (0.34, p < 0.001). This study suggests a direct relationship between burden of disease and SBP, and an indirect relationship between SES and SBP. Development of interventions should take burden of disease into account as a direct driver of blood pressure in immigrants, and address factors related to SES.
OXIDATION OF HYDROCARBONS

This chapter discusses the oxidation of hydrocarbons. Oxidation of hydrocarbons by bacteria to the corresponding fatty acids during growth has been demonstrated several times to suggest that this is the major pathway of hydrocarbon oxidation. Formation of fatty acids from hydrocarbons probably involves an initial attack at the terminal methyl group. Organisms used in these studies were frequently soil bacteria isolated from enrichment cultures, especially Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other soil pseudomonads. The observation that cetyl palmitate accumulated in the culture medium of a Gram negative coccus grown in hexadecane medium supports the view that alcohols are intermediates in the oxidation of hydrocarbons as cetyl alcohol and palmitic acid are the corresponding alcohol and acid expected from hexadecane. There is considerable evidence from studies with whole cells that β-oxidation follows terminal oxidation. The chapter presents a demonstration of terminal oxidation of a hydrocarbon was demonstrated in a cell-free system prepared from Pseudomonas oleovoran by Baptist et al. These investigators identified octanol, octaldehyde, and octanoate as products of octane oxidation by their cell-free systems. Oxidation of octanol to octaldehyde by the enzyme preparation required NAD and, thus, fits the pattern of other alcohol dehydrogenases. Oxidation of octane to octanol required oxygen, NADH, ferrous iron, and two separate enzyme fractions from the pseudomonad.
Informed Consent for Online Research—Is Anybody Reading?: Assessing Comprehension and Individual Differences in Readings of Digital Consent Forms:

Informed consent is an important part of the research process; however, some participants either do not read or skim the consent form. When participants do not read or comprehend informed consent, ...
Enrolling a rural community pharmacy as a Vaccines for Children provider to increase HPV vaccination: a feasibility study.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the U.S. with over 80 million infected individuals. High-risk strains are associated with 6 different cancers. Although infection is preventable, U.S. vaccination rates remain suboptimal and there are noted disparities between urban and rural communities due to economic barriers, lack of access, and low awareness and education. The current pilot study sought to overcome these barriers through an interprofessional collaborative enrolling a community pharmacy in a rural, medically underserved Alabama county as a Vaccines for Children (VFC) provider to provide free vaccines to eligible adolescents. Program evaluation was conducted to determine the intervention’s feasibility. Potential efficacy was assessed by analyzing county-level HPV vaccination uptake and completion rates using state immunization registry data. Over the 8-month study, 166 total vaccines were administered to 89 adolescents ages 10–18, including 55 doses of HPV vaccine, 53 doses of Tdap vaccine, 45 doses of meningococcal vaccine, and 13 doses of influenza vaccine. Among these adolescents, mean age was 12.6 years old, and 64 (71.9%) were VFC patients. The pharmacy recorded an increase in total vaccine administration of 158.8%, an increase in prescription revenue of 34.8%, and an increase in total revenue by 24.4% during the course of the study, compared to the previous year. Findings from the current work demonstrate the potential of this strategy and can serve as a blueprint for statewide and national dissemination and implementation to ultimately increase access to vaccination services, increase vaccination rates, and reduce urban-rural vaccine disparities.
Feelings: The Capacity to Balance One’s Feelings and Come to Terms with the Ambivalences and Ambiguities of Existence

The capacity to balance one’s feelings and come to terms with the ambivalences and ambiguities of existence involves a movement from a position of unstable ambivalence, to stable ambivalence, and, finally, to a position of tolerance of ambiguity or ambiguous complexity. The ability to tolerate a high level of ambiguity involves the capacity to imaginatively evoke and maintain openness to a wide range of meanings, which in turn enhances one’s capacity for intimacy and for resolving relational conflicts.
Selected Critiques of the Philosophical Underpinnings of the Neoclassical School

us: This inquiry seeks to establish the importance of the critiques leveled by Thorstein Veblen and Tony Lawson against the orthodox economics. In order to advance this point this inquiry advances the notion that Neoclassical school and its sub school known as marginal utility theory are constructed upon shaky philosophical and methodological foundations that include the hedonistic conception of man, Benthamite Utilitarianism, static equilibria, and the use of the mathematical deductivist method far beyond its scope of effectiveness. Writing in two different time periods, Veblen and Lawson comment upon the same essential methodological maladies and then advance alternative methodologies and ontologies aimed at reorienting a classical physics based economics towards a socialbiological future. (113 words) JEL Classifications: B10, B13, B15, B31, B41
Nahuatl as a Classical, Foreign, and Additional Language: A Phenomenological Study

In this study, participants learning an endangered language variety shared their experiences, thoughts, and feelings about the often complex and diverse language-learning process. I used phenomenological interviews in order to learn more about these English or Spanish language speakers’ journey with the Nahuatl language. From first encounter to their current state in their journey, participants described their challenges with gaining access to the language through courses, materials and institutions, their language observations and their sustaining motivations. In addition to those descriptions, my analysis showed many participants shared two underlying motivations for studying this language: (a) using the Nahuatl language for specific purposes, and (b) using Nahuatl as a connection to an historical or cultural past. Both of these motivations were driven by a higher purpose in ensuring the survival of speakers of this language group. Keywords: Nahuatl, Endangered Language, Language Learning, Phenomenology According to Nettle and Romaine (2000), the diversity of the world’s languages is rapidly disappearing as speakers of minority language groups face mounting pressures to abandon their mother tongues. One of these languages, the Nahuatl language (primarily spoken within the borders of Mexico) is undergoing a shift in attitudes and interests among non-native speakers as a surge in both participants and programs have appeared with technology continuing to offer access to even the remotest locations (Abley, 2005; Eisenlohr, 2004). This surge is important given the relatively low level of prestige many of the language members and majority language speakers feel toward Nahuatl (Navarrette, 2003). For this study, I focused on the experiences of non-native learners (who are a part of this surge) as they acquire this endangered language. These learners are in a position to influence the revitalization efforts for this language group by providing meaningful work for the indigenous educators, ensuring the language is recorded in multiple formats for future generations and supporting the growth of the community’s efforts. What is the Nahuatl Language? The Nahuatl language was the language of the Aztec empire before and after the Conquest of Hernan Cortes and the Spanish in 1520 (Ruiz, 1992). It has been considered one of the most documented Indigenous languages in the Northern Hemisphere (Lockhart, 2001). The people associated with the Nahuatl language also have a long history, including a centuries-long written tradition that strongly influenced the Spanish language and the population living within the borders of modern-day Mexico. Today, Nahuatl speakers number in the hundreds of thousands and are spread throughout the
Glioblastoma Multiforme Masquerading as a Tumefactive Demyelinating Lesion: A Case Report (P4.226)

OBJECTIVE:To describe atypical imaging findings of high-grade glioblastoma multiforme that were initially suggestive of a tumefactive demyelinating lesion. BACKGROUND: Tumefactive demyelinating lesions can mimic intracranial neoplasms in clinical presentation, but their typical radiographic features are different from those of intracranial neoplasms, such as glioblastoma multiforme. DESIGN/METHODS: Case Report. RESULTS: A previously healthy 37-year-old man experienced three, new-onset generalized tonic-clonic seizures. His blood cells, chemistry, and CSF findings were normal. A brain MRI revealed an irregular and incomplete ring-enhancing lesion within the right parietal-occipital region. MR spectroscopy was significant for normal choline:creatinine (1.3) (abnormal - greater than 1.5) and decreased NAA:choline (1.1) (abnormal - less than 1.2) peak ratios, signifying neuronal and axonal loss suggestive of demyelination. Continued workup with visual evoked potentials revealed delayed left (134.4 ms) and right (125.2 ms) P100 latencies (normal: 95-110 ms) further supporting a demyelinating process. The patient was discharged on levetiracetam for seizure control with plans to eventually initiate immunomodulating therapy. Three weeks later, he was found on the floor unconscious at home. The patient was readmitted and a repeat brain MRI showed marked enlargement and complete ring-enhancement of the previous right parietal-occipital lesion with surrounding edema. The patient subsequently underwent emergent craniotomy and pathology of the mass revealed grade IV glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). CONCLUSIONS: Broad literature search has not revealed cases in which a combination of incomplete ring-enhancement, decreased NAA:choline with normal choline:creatinine peak ratios, and delayed visual evoked potentials are suggestive of intracranial neoplasms. Early development of the GBM prior to becoming rapidly progressive may have led to radiographic similarities between an intracranial neoplasm and a tumefactive demyelinating lesion. This case helps inform the clinical practitioner of an atypical radiographic presentation of a commonly encountered disease process. Disclosure: Dr. Agrawal has nothing to disclose. Dr. Rothstein has nothing to disclose. Speakers bureaus of UCB Pharma and Sunovion,
The nephrotic syndrome associated with renal vein thrombosis; report of case in an infant.

Summary An 18-month-old boy was brought to the Mayo Clinic because of gangrene of one toe and generalized edema. The clinical course and pathologic findings indicated the presence of thrombosis of the renal veins and the nephrotic syndrome. Necropsy revealed thrombi in the inferior vena cava and both renal veins. Only four cases of the nephrotic syndrome and thrombosis of the renal veins occurring in children have been reported in the literature heretofore and these are reviewed briefly. A theory as to the possible mechanism for the pathogenesis of edema has been developed. However, the cause of thrombosis of the renal veins remains unknown.
Genetic variations in regulator of G-protein signaling (RGS) confer risk of bladder cancer

BACKGROUND: Alterations in the regulator of G-protein signaling (RGS) pathway have been implicated in several cancers; therefore, the authors investigated the role of such alterations in overall bladder cancer risk, recurrence, progression, and survival. METHODS: In this case-control series, 803 patients with bladder cancer were frequency-matched with a control cohort of 803 healthy individuals. Ninety-five single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 17 RGS genes were investigated for an association with overall bladder cancer risk, recurrence, and progression in patients who had nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and for an association with death in patients who had muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). Cumulative effects and classification and regression tree analyses were performed for SNPs that were associated with overall bladder cancer risk. Kaplan-Meier plots were created to evaluate differences in the survival of patients with MIBC. RESULTS: Reference SNP 10759 (rs10759) on the RGS4 gene demonstrated the greatest association with overall bladder cancer risk, conferring a 0.77-fold reduced risk with an increasing number of variant alleles (P < .001). A cumulative effects analysis that included all 5 significant SNPs demonstrated an increasing risk with the number of unfavorable genotypes (odds ratio, 4.13; 95% confidence interval, 2.14-7.98). In patients with NMIBC, 11 SNPs were identified that had an association with disease recurrence, and 13 SNPs were associated with disease progression. Of the 10 SNPs that were associated with death in patients with MIBC, rs2344673 in an additive model was the most significant and was associated with a decreased median survival of 13.3 months compared with 81.9 months in individuals without a variant allele. CONCLUSIONS: Genetic variations in the RGS pathway were associated with the overall risk of bladder cancer, recurrence, and progression in patients with NMIBC and with the risk of death in patients with MIBC. Cancer 2013. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Incentivizing Clinical Registry Participation - Findings from the Muscular Dystrophy Association U.S. Neuromuscular Disease Registry (P4.117)

OBJECTIVE: To determine how monetary incentives impact neuromuscular clinic participation and enrollment of patients in the MDA US Neuromuscular Disease Registry. BACKGROUND: MDA launched its web-based clinical registry in January, 2013 in 18 MDA-sponsored clinics for patients with ALS, DBMD, and SMA. Participation has since grown to 25 clinics entering data. Over 1600 patients have been enrolled in the registry. However, data entry is a burden on clinicians and barrier to patient enrollment. To increase registry participation, MDA began providing financial support for data entry in August 2014. DESIGN/METHODS: Two models were employed to support data entry: a fee for direct clinic costs (18 clinics) and a per patient reimbursement based on completion of a full data set (7 clinics). All clinics committed to enrolling at least 75[percnt] of eligible patients in exchange for financial support. RESULTS: The amount requested by sites to support data entry averaged $114 per patient to support enrolling 75[percnt] of patients. Payments to sites were made in August and October, with the per patient sites receiving an additional check in December. Between August and October 2014, the registry experienced a 34[percnt] growth in data resulting in an additional 1298 case reporting forms entered. Patient enrollment increased 23[percnt], an additional 309 patients were consented. The smallest growth in case reporting forms entered was seen in newly enrolled DMD patients (6[percnt]) and the largest seen in ALS clinical encounters (89[percnt]). Completion rates of forms were between 57[percnt]-93[percnt]. CONCLUSIONS: The MDA Registry is supported among clinicians, researchers, and industry partners, although motivation for participation varies among stakeholders. Requests for data entry funding varied greatly funding for data entry was an immediate catalyst for registry growth. More data is necessary to speculate which funding model, and what other factors, facilitate sustained registry participation. Disclosure: Dr. Wolff has nothing to disclose. Dr. Cwik has nothing to disclose.