cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Airborne geophysical surveying for hazardous waste site characterization on the Oak Ridge Reservation, Tennessee

Airborne geophysical methods that were developed for mineral and petroleum exploration can, with some modification, be applied to environmental problems where large areas must be characterized. A helicopter survey that deployed magnetic, electromagnetic, and radiometric sensors carried out one of the first large‐scale airborne environmental surveys at a U.S. government facility at Oak Ridge, Tennessee in 1993–1994. The survey included testing of a new airborne electromagnetic system designed specifically for environmental applications and for controlled field tests of magnetic systems. Helicopter‐borne magnetic measurements were capable of discriminating groups of as few as ten metallic 208-liter (55-gallon) storage drums under representative field conditions. Magnetic and electromagnetic sensors were able to distinguish groups of metal‐filled waste disposal trenches within disposal sites, but were unable to resolve individual trenches. Electromagnetic data proved to be the most effective airborne techniq...
Near-Infrared Photodetector Enhanced by an Open- Sleeve Dipole Antenna

We present a dipole-antenna-enhanced Ge photodetector that shows 20 times photocurrent enhancement ratio between two orthogonal light polarizations at 1310 nm wavelength, and a spectral resonance characteristic of ~ half-wavelength antenna behavior.
Persuasion, reactance, and judgments of interpersonal appeal

Female undergraduates were or were not exposed to an opinion statement that threatened to a greater or lesser degree their freedom to make an independent assessment of the relative attractiveness of two males. Measures of perceived attractiveness and choice indicated a persuasion effect among subjects exposed to the mild statement and contrary opinions indicative of reactance among subjects exposed to the strong statement.
Pathogenesis of herpetic encephalitis in mice after ophthalmic inoculation.

The pathogenesis of herpetic encephalitis in mice after inoculation of the cornea with herpes simplex virus type I is defined. To accomplish this, assays for infectious virus and morphologic studies using standard histologic, immunofluorescent, and ultrastructural techniques were performed on appropriate tissues during the course of infection. In both the peripheral and the central nervous systems the infection spread rapidly along nerve fibers and tracts and extended more slowly by direct cell-to-cell extension. Recurrences of ophthalmic infection in mice that had previously recovered from the acute disease could not be demonstrated, although latent virus was shown to be harbored in the trigeminal ganglia of these animals. Herpes simplex virus (HSV), a ubiquitous virus in the human population [1-3], induces several disease syndromes. These range from the common and relatively benign "cold sores," to acute, lifethreatening encephalitis [4]. After primary infection, the virus establishes a unique association with its host in which recurrences of overt disease are interspersed with intervals of latency. As was first
Thomson scattering density calibration by Rayleigh and rotational Raman scattering on NSTX.

The multi-point Thomson scattering (MPTS) diagnostic measures the profiles of the electron temperature Te(R) and density ne(R) on the horizontal midplane of NSTX. Normal operation makes use of Rayleigh scattering in nitrogen or argon to derive the density profile. While the Rayleigh scattering ne(R) calibration has been validated by comparison with other density measurements and through its correlation with plasma phenomena, it does require dedicated detectors at the laser wavelength in this filter polychromator based diagnostic. The presence of dust and/or stray laser light precludes routine use of these dedicated spectral channels for Thomson scattering measurement. Hence it is of interest to investigate the use of Raman scattering in nitrogen for the purpose of density calibration, since it could free up detection equipment, which could then be used for the instrumentation of additional radial channels. In this paper the viewing optics "geometrical factor" profiles obtained from Rayleigh and Raman scattering are compared. While both techniques agree nominally, residual effects on the order of 10% remain and will be discussed.
Spontaneous mutagenesis: the roles of DNA repair, replication, and recombination

There appears to be no dearth of mechanisms to explain spontaneous mutagenesis. In the case of base substitutions, data for bacteriophage T4 and especially for E. coli and S. cerevisiae suggest important roles in spontaneous mutagenesis for the error-prone repair of DNA damage (to produce mutations) and for error-free repair of DNA damage (to avoid mutagenesis). Data from the very limited number of studies on the subject suggest that about 50% of the spontaneous base substitutions in E. coli, and perhaps 90% in S. cerevisiae are due to error-prone DNA repair. On the other hand, spontaneous frameshifts and deletions seem to result from mechanisms involving recombination and replication. Spontaneous insertions have been shown to be important in the strongly polar inactivation of certain loci, but it is less important at other loci. Perhaps with continued study, the term "spontaneous mutagenesis" will be replaced by more specific terms such as 5-methylcytosine deamination mutagenesis, fatty acid oxidation mutagenesis, phenylalanine mutagenesis, and imprecise-recombination mutagenesis. While most studies have concentrated on mutator mutations, the most conclusive data for the actual source of spontaneous mutations have come from the study of antimutator mutations. Further study in this area, perhaps along with an understanding of chemical antimutagens, should be invaluable in clarifying the bases of spontaneous mutagenesis.
HpD Photobiology And Photodynamic Therapy Of Bladder Carcinoma

Bladder carcinoma is considered one of the most favorable targets for the application of photodynamic therapy (PDT) due to the accessibility of the bladder for light delivery. Examination of the bladder and surgical procedures are routinely performed by the insertion of an optical instrument called cystoscope through the urethra. Thus, the treatment of bladder cancer by PDT can be conducted through the cystoscope with minimal invasion. However, to achieve optimal results from this treatment, one must consider both the structure of the bladder and the nature of the carcinoma.
Atmospheric Energetics in the Wavelet Domain. Part II: Time-Averaged Observed Atmospheric Blocking

Abstract Wavelet energetics (WE) is a useful generalization of traditional wavenumber energetics, for analyzing atmospheric dynamics. WE is doubly indexed by wavenumber band j and location k. The interpretation is that 2 to the jth power is proportional to zonal wavenumber bandwidth and bandcenter, and k is proportional to longitude. Here, all 44 Atlantic and 16 Pacific atmospheric blocking events that are observed in 53 winters of the NCEP–NCAR reanalysis, and last no less than 6 days, are analyzed. Temporal average and variance maps suggest that persistent blocking structures are associated with smaller-scale eddy activity concentrated on either side of the block. Wavelet energetics, partitioned by blocking state and sector, are averaged over 30°–80°N and 10–100 kPa. For j above two, WE indicates that kinetic energy (KE) and enstrophy increase upstream and decrease downstream of both Atlantic and Pacific blocking. At smaller j the increases are at the block; this includes zero j for Pacific, but not Atl...
Predictors of Self-Management in Pediatric Type 1 Diabetes: Individual, Family, Systemic, and Technologic Influences

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a complex chronic disease that has many facets for successful management. The burden of this management falls largely on the individual and their family members. Self-management has a major influence on T1D health outcomes, and with successful management, children and adolescents with T1D can lead long and healthy lives. We discuss how various individual, family, and systemic/technologic factors influence T1D self-management, providing research that supports interventions targeting each of these factors. With this information, health care practitioners and researchers can better understand the role of T1D self-management and bolster this important aspect of T1D care.
Mosaicism for a small supernumerary ring X chromosome in a dysmorphic, growth‐retarded male: mos47,XXY/48,XXY, + r(X)

Supernumerary ring X [r(X)] chromosomes are often found in patients with Turner syndrome. The phenotypic effects of the r(X) chromosome are variable, and largely depend on the presence or absence of the X inactivation (XIST) locus. Ring(X) chromosomes in males are rare and have been previously reported in only four cases, with 47,XY, + r(X) or mos47,XY, + r(X)/46,XY karyotypes. These patients all had developmental delay and dysmorphic features. We describe a 2.5-year-old male patient with facial dysmorphia, growth retardation, microcephaly, global developmental delay, and microphallus. Cytogenetic analysis from peripheral blood lymphocytes and fibroblasts identified mosaicism for two cell lines: mos48,XXY, + r(?X)/47,XXY. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with an X chromosome paint showed the ring chromosome to be X chromosome derived. This is the first case of an r(X) chromosome described in a 47,XXY patient. FISH analysis of the r(X) chromosome with an XIST probe showed that the XIST locus was absent. Functional disomy of genes in the r(X) chromosome most likely accounts for the abnormal phenotype in the proband.
Comparison of the effects of calcium loading with calcium citrate or calcium carbonate on bone turnover in postmenopausal women

Calcium supplementation is known to increase bone mineral density and decrease fractures, but the relative efficacy of different forms of calcium supplementation is not established. We compared the effects of calcium carbonate and calcium citrate on markers of bone resorption in older postmenopausal women in an open-labeled crossover study. Forty women were randomized to receive 1000 mg/day of either calcium citrate or calcium carbonate for 12 weeks, followed by a 2-week washout without calcium supplements and 12 weeks treatment with the alternate calcium supplement. All women received vitamin D (900 IU/day). Thirty-four women (25 Caucasian, nine Hispanic) completed the study. No significant differences in the decrease in parathyroid hormone (PTH) or bone specific alkaline phosphatase or the increase in urinary calcium/creatinine were detected between the two treatments. However, calcium citrate supplementation decreased the collagen cross-link resorption markers, urinary N-telopeptide (−30%), C-telopeptide (−31%), free deoxypyridinoline (19%) and serum N-telopeptide (−8%), compared to no significant change following calcium carbonate supplementation (+2%, +3%, +2% and +2%, respectively; P<0.05). Calcium citrate decreased markers of bone resorption significantly more than calcium carbonate in postmenopausal women, although no differences in their effects in calcium excretion or PTH were detected.
Training for research in community mental health

Training institutions need to do a more adequate job in socializing students early and continuously for the role of community mental health researcher. While psychology is singled out to illustrate this thesis, all the disciplines that make up the community mental health team could profitably be examined from this standpoint. The university climate in which psychologists are reared is examined and nuclear shortcomings in respect to basic trust, feelings of competence, and sense of identity are dramatized.
Novel “smart cube” wireless sensors with embedded processing/communication/power core for “smart skins” applications

This paper presents a novel topology of isotropically radiating “smart cubes” for use in wireless sensors. The novelty of this antenna is the use of 3D frequency selective surfaces which are used both for creating the desired radiation pattern and for creating a core which is electrically isolated from the antenna at the frequency of operation. The core allows for an embedded power source, processor, amplifier, and/or secondary antenna without interfering with the operation of the radiator. As demand for wireless sensors continues to grow, this device will allow for the implementation of sensors in a wider range of applications including autonomous “smart skins”, biosensing, and RFID-enabled sensors. The prototype is printed on glossy paper using a conductive ink, which gives it the potential for low cost production, allowing it to be used in a variety of applications requiring large numbers of sensing nodes, while meeting enhanced data processing, security or autonomy requirements.
A Simple Criterion to Determine the Transition from a Localized Convection to a Distributed Convection Regime

Abstract A recent numerical study by Noh et al. of open-ocean deep convection in the presence of a single geostrophic eddy showed that two possible regimes exist: 1) the localized convection regime in which baroclinic instability of the eddy dominates, with slantwise fluxes and restratification, and 2) the distributed convection regime in which vertical mixing dominates. Noh et al. found that localized convection dominates for relatively small buoyancy forcing, strong eddies, and strong surface ambient stratification. Here it is shown that this regime transition can be expressed in terms of a ratio of time scales: the localized convection regime appears when the time scale for lateral fluxes from eddy interior to exterior tL is short in comparison with the time scale for convective erosion of the exterior stratification tc. Scaling arguments give this ratio of time scales as tL/tc ∼ f β2R2B/(A2γ) where f is the Coriolis parameter, R is the radius of the eddy, B is the buoyancy forcing, 1/β is the depth sc...
Fabrication and characterization of GexAl1−x thin films

Abstract GexAl1−xfilms were prepared by co-sputtering Al and Ge targets in a dual-magnetron rf/dc sputtering system. Films with composition across the binary phase diagram were fabricated. Transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analyses of the films indicate a metastable single phase to an equilibrium two phase to a granular microstructure transition with the decrease in the Ge concentration. Nanostructured granular films were obtained at low Ge concentrations. The granularfilms have grain size ranging between 20 and 100 nm. XPS analyses indicate the presence of small amounts of oxygen in the films, perhaps from the residual gases in the system or from the targets, but only Al gets preferentially oxidized, especially at high Al concentrations. Ge, regardless of concentration, remains essentially in elemental form.
Policies for nonmetropolitan areas.

In the 1960's it was common to view the spatial organization of the American economy in terms of a heartland-hinterland relationship. A decade later another spatial paradigm had come to the fore: the hierarchical diffusion model. The two were consistent with one another because most of the nation's largest cities were located in the heartland. These areas could then be viewed as the major source of development-inducing innovations for the entire national economy. Regional population and employment changes during the 1970's indicate that conventional ways of viewing the nation's spatial dynamics are no longer adequate. The primary cause of increasing employment in the non-metropolitan South (and West) has been the expansion of existing firms and the birth of new firms rather than the kind of process (relocation of industry to lower-wage areas) implied in the hierarchical diffusion model. Large-scale efforts to deal with development problems in non-metropolitan areas (such as the Appalachian Regional Commission and the Economic Development Administration) have been based primarily on legislation passed in 1965. In addition to these efforts, there are a host of other Federal government programs related to non-metropolitan development. These tend to be not only complicated but also compartmentalized and competitive. The authormore » feels that those persons concerned with regional policies in a mixed economy are engaged in an evolutionary learning process. 3 tables. (SAC)« less
Relation between atmospheric pollution, precipitation, and streamwater quality near a large urban-industrial complex

Abstract An investigation was made of the effects of atmospheric effluents from a large urban-industrial area (St. Louis) on the water quality in two small basins that are frequently downwind of the city. Analyses were made of the relative magnitude of the atmospheric contribution to streamwater pollution, and how this contribution is related to weather conditions. Field sampling was done during a 15-month period, and investigation made of atmospheric-streamwater relationships for storm, seasonal, and annual periods. Computations were made for 12 chemical constituents in the rainwater and streamwater. Results indicated that only minor changes usualy occur in streamwater pollutant concentrations during and shortly following storms, and no strong relationship exists between streamwater concentration and weather conditions. For most pollutants the atmospheric deposition was small compared with the annual stream load because of major surface sources. However, evidence was also found that urban-industrial sources can occasionally be important contributors to stream contamination.
Sequestration of mitochondrial iron by silica particle initiates a biological effect

Inhalation of particulate matter has presented a challenge to human health for thousands of years. The underlying mechanism for biological effect following particle exposure is incompletely underst...
Modeling of automotive drum brakes for squeal and parameter sensitivity analysis

Many fundamental studies have been conducted to explain the occurrence of squeal in disc and drum brake systems. The elimination of brake squeal, however, still remains a challenging area of research. Here, a numerical modeling approach is developed for investigating the onset of squeal in a drum brake system. The brake system model is based on the modal information extracted from finite element models for individual brake components. The component models of drum and shoes are coupled by the shoe lining material which is modeled as springs located at the centroids of discretized drum and shoe interface elements. The developed multi degree of freedom coupled brake system model is a linear non-self-adjoint system. Its vibrational characteristics are determined by a complex eigenvalue analysis. The study shows that both the frequency separation between two system modes due to static coupling and their associated mode shapes play an important role in mode merging. Mode merging and veering are identified as two important features of modes exhibiting strong interactions, and those modes are likely candidates that lead to coupled-mode instability. Techniques are developed for a parameter sensitivity analysis with respect to lining stiffness and the stiffness of the brake actuation system. The influence of lining friction coefficient on the propensity to squeal is also discussed.
Silicon photonics for the datacenter

To fully benefit from silicon photonics technology at the system-level, novel electro-optical assembly techniques are required enabling a close integration with the processor or switch chip. Optical coupling and signal distribution options are discussed.
Real-time catheter tracking and adaptive imaging

Purpose To evaluate the performance of a real-time MR system for interventional procedures that adjusts specific image parameters in real time based on a catheter's speed of insertion. Materials and Methods The system was implemented using only the hardware provided with a standard short-bore 1.5 T scanner (Siemens Magnetom Sonata) (with the exception of small tracking markers affixed to the catheter). The system tracks the position of an MR microcoil-instrumented catheter and automatically updates the scan plane's position and orientation, as well as other features, including, but not limited to, field of view, resolution, tip angle, and TE. A real-time feedback loop continuously localizes the tracking markers, updates the scan plane position and orientation, calculates the catheter's speed, adjusts the value of specific image parameters, then collects new image data, reconstructs an image, and provides it for immediate display. The system was evaluated in phantom and in vivo porcine experiments. Results The system is able to accurately localize a moving catheter in the abdominal aorta, calculate the device speed, and respond by adjusting specified image parameters 98% of the time, with precision of approximately 2 mm and 1.5°. Conclusion Simply slowing the speed of the catheter allows the clinician to adjust predetermined image parameters. This work also has the potential to build a degree of intelligence into the scanner, enabling it to react to changes in the clinical environment and automatically optimize specific image parameters. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2003;18:621–626. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The Temperature Variation of the Electric Moment of Ethylene Chloride

Observations of the molecular polarization of ethylene chloride vapor have been made over a temperature range from 32\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} to 270\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C and over a considerable pressure range at each temperature. These observations show a definite departure from the Debye theory, since the Debye function plotted against temperature gives a definitely curved line. The data might be explained as approximately consistent with an electric moment of value zero and a value of the constant part of the polarization equal to about twice that of the optical refractivity; but for reasons discussed this interpretation is disregarded. It seems necessary to assume that the electric moment varies with temperature, as suggested by Eucken and Meyer. This was to be expected as a result of the hindrance of free rotation due to the interaction of the two atomic groups rotating around the single bond between the two carbon atoms. The possibility of the existence of disturbing effects such as association and adsorption is discussed, but is shown to be improbable, if not untenable, The values of the electric moment are then calculated by the use of a value for the constant part of the polarization, 23.9 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{3}$, determined by C. S. Hitchcock from the solid state. In the observed temperature interval the electric moment increases with the temperature from 1.1 to 1.5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}18}$ c.g.s.e.s. u.; whereas the value calculated by Meyer for truly free rotation is 2.4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}18}$. This suggests that the rotation is considerably hindered; and in fact the results are entirely in accord with the predictions of Eucken and Meyer. The interaction energy may, however, be sufficiently great that it may be necessary, in order to obtain an accurate theory of this effect, to take into consideration the quantum theory rather than the classical theory of Meyer. The interpretation of other observations, of Meyer and of S\"anger, is discussed with reference to certain inconsistencies which have been observed.
The Customer Contact Approach to Services: Theoretical Bases and Practical Extensions

This paper reviews the underlying theory of the customer contact approach to services and suggests specific ways in which this approach can be applied to a wide range of service systems. The approach holds that the potential efficiency of a service system is a function of the degree of customer contact entailed in the creation of the service product. Based upon this conceptualization, a number of propositions about high contact systems are identified and some simple heuristics for service system design and operation are proposed. Other approaches to operations management in services are reviewed and suggestions for further development of the contact approach are offered.
Unsteady flow phenomena in the near wake of a circular cylinder

On utilise un solveur de Poisson rapide du second ordre base sur la transformation de Fourier
Integrating Use History as a Context for Dynamically Updated Metadata

The use of metadata, though popular and growing, has more potential. A series of focus groups identified properties of data that user groups would like to have, such as the history of an object's use in their information needs as well as capturing expressions of values in their work contexts. Together, these are labeled “use-context metadata.” Consequently, 3 major issues emerged and are expressed as a set model, architecture, and XML schema. These issues reflect changes in system users’ sense of role with the data, how work flow may be affected by integrating use-context metadata, and some computational issues, such as a single integrative metadata schema, successfully integrate administrative, descriptive, and use-context metadata.
Regional Air Quality: Local and Interstate Impacts of NOx and SO2 Emissions on Ozone and Fine Particulate Matter in the Eastern United States

While the U.S. air quality management system is largely designed and managed on a state level, many critical air quality problems are now recognized as regional. In particular, concentrations of two secondary pollutants, ozone and particulate matter, are often above regulated levels and can be dependent on emissions from upwind states. Here, impacts of statewide emissions on concentrations of local and downwind states' ozone and fine particulate matter are simulated for three seasonal periods in the eastern United States using a regional Eulerian photochemical model. Impacts of ground level NO(x) (e.g., mobile and area sources), elevated NO(x) (e.g., power plants and large industrial sources), and SO2 emissions are examined. An average of 77% of each state's ozone and PM(2.5) concentrations that are sensitive to the emissions evaluated here are found to be caused by emissions from other states. Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey, Virginia, Kentucky, and West Virginia are shown to have high concentrations of ozone and PM(2.5) caused by interstate emissions. When weighted by population, New York receives increased interstate contributions to these pollutants and contributions to ozone from local emissions are generally higher. When accounting for emission rates, combined states from the western side of the modeling domain and individual states such as Illinois, Tennessee, Indiana, Kentucky, and Georgia are major contributors to interstate ozone. Ohio, Indiana, Tennessee, Kentucky, and Illinois are the major contributors to interstate PM(2.5). When accounting for an equivalent mass of emissions, Tennessee, Kentucky, West Virginia, Virginia, and Alabama contribute large fractions of these pollutants to other states.
An exploratory analysis of definitions and applications of spirituality in the workplace

In response to the rising interest in “spirituality in the workplace”, an exploratory analysis of text passages expressing definitions and applications of the topic was conducted. A grounded theory process applying thematic and network analysis techniques was used to examine text samples from three different sources: e‐mail, survey responses, and a literature search. Throughout the investigation an emphasis was placed on maintaining the multiplicity of definitions and applications of “spirituality in the workplace” while methodologically studying the thematic content of these expressions. Code words representing concepts in four function categories emerged: nouns, actions, qualities, and theories. Sentences were re‐formed to reveal concepts and relationships discussed in the text samples. Practical applications of the themes of diversity, learning and development, intuition and the personal aspects of “spirituality in the workplace” are presented.
An atomistic investigation into the nature of near threshold fatigue crack growth in aluminum alloys

Despite decades of study, the atomic-scale mechanisms of fatigue crack growth remain elusive. Here we use the coupled atomistic–discrete dislocation method, a multiscale simulation method, to examine the influence of dislocation glide resistance on near-threshold fatigue crack growth in an aluminum alloy. The simulations indicate that the threshold increases with an increase in dislocation glide resistance, and that a transition in the crack growth direction can occur when dislocation nucleation is inhibited by other nucleated dislocations. Three main mechanisms of fatigue crack propagation are observed: cleavage along the primary slip plane, crack extension by dislocation emission, and crack extension by opening along lattice defects.
Stress Biology and Aging Mechanisms: Toward Understanding the Deep Connection Between Adaptation to Stress and Longevity

The rate of biological aging is modulated in part by genes interacting with stressor exposures. Basic research has shown that exposure to short-term stress can strengthen cellular responses to stress ("hormetic stress"). Hormetic stress promotes longevity in part through enhanced activity of molecular chaperones and other defense mechanisms. In contrast, prolonged exposure to stress can overwhelm compensatory responses ("toxic stress") and shorten lifespan. One key question is whether the stressors that are well understood in basic models of aging can help us understand psychological stressors and human health. The psychological stress response promotes regulatory changes important in aging (e.g., increases in stress hormones, inflammation, oxidative stress, insulin). The negative effects of severe stress are well documented in humans. Potential positive effects of acute stress (stress resistance) are less studied, especially at the cellular level. Can stress resistance slow the rate of aging in humans, as it does in model organisms? If so, how can we promote stress resistance in humans? We urge a new research agenda embracing the continuum from cellular stress to psychological stress, using basic and human research in tandem. This will require interdisciplinary novel approaches that hold much promise for understanding and intervening in human chronic disease.
Graph colorings and related symmetric functions: ideas and applications 1 A description of results, interesting applications, & notable open problems

Abstract This paper is a sequel to an earlier paper dealing with a symmetric function generalization X G of the chromatic polynomial of a finite graph G . We consider the question of when the expansion of X G in terms of Schur functions has nonnegative coefficients and give a number of applications, including new conditions on the f -vector of a flag complex and a new class of polynomials with real zeros. Some generalizations of X G are also considered related to the Tutte polynomial, directed graphs, and hypergraphs.
Brief history of and collector's index to the Wabash College Herbarium (WAB), now deposited at The New York Botanical Garden (NY)

The Wabash College Herbarium (WAB), Crawfordsville, Indiana, was donated to The New York Botanical Garden (NY) in 1987. Brief sketches of those who shaped the Wabash College Herbarium, including Albert Reiff Bechtel and Aris Berkeley Donaldson, are presented; photographs of Bechtel and Donaldson are provided. Collectors represented in WAB are listed including the localities and years of the collections and the total number of specimens contributed.
CAIRN: Creating Anchors for Localization in Realistic Networks

Localization is a fundamental problem in wireless sensor networks. In many applications, sensor location information is critical for data processing and understanding. While the global positioning system (GPS) can be used to determine mote locations, the high cost often prohibits the ubiquitous use of GPS for location estimates. The cost of GPS has motivated researchers to develop localization protocols that determine mote locations using existing hardware and wireless measurements. Many of these protocols, however, have trade-offs and only perform well on a subset of networks and network configurations. We have developed a WSN localization algorithm that can be configured to perform well in a wide array of WSN configurations and deployments. We compare our algorithm to two well known and accurate algorithms: MDS-MAP and TSL. Through an extensive and credible analysis, we show that our algorithm, CAIRN, produces low localization error in a variety of network configurations. Additionally, we show how to manipulate algorithm parameters to tailor our algorithm for specific network configurations. Our work contributes an in-network WSN localization algorithm that produces accurate mote location estimates in various network configurations and we show that our algorithm outperforms the best existing protocols available.
A robust MPC approach to the design of behavioural treatments

The objective of this paper is to provide some initial results on the application of control tools to the problem treatment design. Human behavior and reaction to treatment is complex and dependent on many unmeasurable external stimuli. Therefore, to the best of our knowledge, it cannot be described by simple models. Hence, one of the main messages in this paper is that, to design a treatment (controller) one cannot rely on exact models. More precisely, to be able to design effective treatments, we propose to use “simple” uncertain affine models whose response “covers” the most probable subject responses. So, we propose a simple model that contains two different types of uncertainties: one aimed at uncertainty of the dynamics and another aimed at approximating external perturbations that patients face in their daily life. With this model at hand, we design a robust model predictive controller, where one relies on the special structure of the uncertainty to develop efficient optimization algorithms.
Regulatory Functions of Nuclear Hexokinase1 Complex in Glucose Signaling

Arabidopsis hexokinase1 (HXK1) is a glucose sensor that integrates nutrient and hormone signals to govern gene expression and plant growth in response to environmental cues. How the metabolic enzyme mediates glucose signaling remains a mystery. By coupling proteomic and binary-interaction screens, we discover two nuclear-specific HXK1 unconventional partners: the vacuolar H(+)-ATPase B1 (VHA-B1) and the 19S regulatory particle of proteasome subunit (RPT5B). Remarkably, vha-B1 and rpt5b mutants uniquely share a broad spectrum of glucose response defects with the HXK1 mutant gin2 (glucose-insensitive2). Genetic and chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses suggest that the nuclear HXK1 forms a glucose signaling complex core with VHA-B1 and RPT5B that directly modulates specific target gene transcription independent of glucose metabolism. The findings support a model in which conserved metabolic enzymes and proteins of well-established activities may perform previously unrecognized nuclear functions.
Papillary epithelial neoplasm of pancreas in a child. Report of a case with electron microscopy.

An asymptomatic tumor of the head of the pancreas observed in a 12-year-old girl was removed by radical excision. the cell of origin of the tumor is demonstrated ultrastructurally to be other than islet or exocrine, and probably to have been derived from ductular epithelium. the malignant or benign nature of this tumor is discussed and requires longer follow-up for clarification.
Implementing Mathematics Reform in Urban Schools A Study of the Effect of Teachers’ Motivation Style

The purpose of this study was twofold. First, it aimed to determine whether the teachers’ choice of motivation style influenced their mathematics teaching. Second, it investigated the influence of ...
Distribution of [14C]‐labeled photosynthates within intensively cultured Populus clones during the establishment year

Seasonal patterns of [14C]-labeled photosynthate distribution within two intensively cultured Populus clones with contrasting phenology (P. tristis × P. balsamifera cv. ‘Tristis no. 1′; P. × euramericana cv. Eugenei) were investigated during the establishment year. During active shoot elongation upper mature leaves exported 14C acropetally to the expanding leaves and elongating internodes, and basipetally to the stem. Little 14C was exported to lower mature leaves or lateral branches. At budset the 14C export pattern shifted dramatically in the basipetal direction, i.e., to the lower stem, hardwood cutting, and roots. The timing of budset was the primary factor determining the differences between the clones, except that in all cases Tristis exported more 14C to the roots than Eugenei. After budset lower mature leaves had a similar export pattern to upper leaves, but the quantity of 14C exported to the roots was slightly higher. The results confirm the importance of autumn foliage for root growth in poplar. Clonal differences in seasonal patterns of photosynthate distribution offer potential for the poplar breeder seeking to match a clone's growth pattern with the specific growing season of the site.
Decrease of FET threshold voltage due to boron depletion during thermal oxidation

Abstract Oxidation of a boron doped silicon wafer reduces the surface concentration of boron due to segregation into the oxide. This in turn reduces the threshold voltage of an FET fabricated on such a wafer. This effect is calculated for realistic process types including a sequence of several oxidations at different temperatures. The threshold voltage is found to be reduced by about 1 V (1000 A oxide) which is quite considerable. The depletion effect on threshold voltage is expressed in terms of two parameters (effective doping and apparent surface charge). The approximations used can be adapted to most processes. Also, the effect of boron depletion on the MOS capacitance-voltage curve is calculated. An apparent flat-band voltage shift of only 0·1 V is found (1000 A oxide, 2 ohmcm).
Comparison of different palladium-hydrogen electrodes as pH indicators

Abstract Different modifications of palladium electrodes have been tested and compared as pH indicators for single measurements and for titrations. The most satisfactory electrode took the form of a palladium membrane on which hydrogen was generated continuously. A simpler type, adequate for many purposes, consisted of a platinum or gold wire on which palladium black has been deposited. The effects on the electrode potential of electrode pretreatment, stirring the solution, and presence of oxygen, were evaluated.
Using expert systems to incorporate the principles of motion economy as a means of improving robot manipulator path generation

Abstract Methods engineering provides a set of tools through which a manufacturing task can be improved. For instance, the principles of motion economy, as related to path generation, can increase productivity for certain classes of motions. With the advent of robotics, it is natural to assume that these principles can be readily applied to automated processes thus increasing the productivity of mechanized operations. In practice, the translation of these concepts proves more difficult because the principles of motion economy are both “fuzzy” and heuristic in nature. These observations suggest that expert systems technology may provide the appropriate paradigm for the development and implementation of a system that can automatically modify a robot program based on the principles of motion economy. This paper suggests one possible conceptual framework for the design of such a system.
Searching for $p$-adic eigenfunctions

In doing p-adic analysis on spaces of classical modular functions and forms, it is convenient and traditional to broaden the notion of “modular form” to a class called “overconvergent p-adic modular forms.” Critical for the analysis of the p-adic Banach spaces composed of this wider class of forms is the “Atkin U -operator”, which is completely continuous and whose spectral theory (still not very well understood) seems to be the key to a good deal of arithmetic. The part of the spectrum of U corresponding to eigenvalues which are p-adic units is somewhat more understood, thanks to the work of Hida. As for the rest of the spectrum, it is surprising how fragmentary our information is (although recent work of Coleman, resolving in part some prior conjectures of ours, has improved the situation). We have begun an experimental search for nonclassical (but “overconvergent”) eigenfunctions in a fairly simple way. We take a number of classical modular functions which are p-adically overconvergent (e.g., j, 1/j,...), and try to find their p-adic “U -eigenfunction expansion.” There is a straightforward computational procedure to approximate such eigenfunction expansions, even though, on a theoretical level, we do not even know that the “expansions” that our algorithm produces converge in any sense, or even settle down numerically. Experimentally, they seem to, and they produce candidate Fourier expansions. In our computations, we specialize principally to p = 5. The same eigenfunctions (produced by our algorithm) seem to occur as terms in each of the eigenfunction expansions we have calculated. This leads us to suspect that we have in fact encountered all the 5-adic eigenfunctions
Estimated decadal changes in the North Atlantic meridional overturning circulation and heat flux 1993-2004

Results from a global 1° model constrained by least squares to a multiplicity of datasets over the interval 1992–2004 are used to describe apparent changes in the North Atlantic Ocean meridional overturning circulation and associated heat fluxes at 26°N. The least squares fit is both stable and adequately close to the data to make the analysis worthwhile. Changes over the 12 yr are spatially and temporally complex. A weak statistically significant trend is found in net North Atlantic volume flux above about 1200 m, which drops slightly (0.19 0.05 Sv yr 1 ;1S v 10 6 m 3 s 1 ) but with a corresponding strengthening of the outflow of North Atlantic Deep Water and inflow of abyssal waters. The slight associated trend in meridional heat flux is very small and not statistically significant. The month-to-month variability implies that single-section determinations of heat and volume flux are subject to serious aliasing errors.
Assessing the current state of intellectual relationships between the decision support systems area and academic disciplines

This research has identified the roots of decision support systems (DSS) research and empirically investigated the intellectual relationship between the DSS subspecialties and the reference disciplines, using cluster analysis of an author cocitation frequency matrix derived from a comprehensive database of the DSS literature over the period of 1970 through 1995. This research has traced a uni-directional flow of intellectual materials to the DSS area from its reference disciplines to probe how concepts and findings by researchers in the contributing disciplines have been picked up by DSS researchers to be applied, extended, and refined in the development of DSS research subspecialties. Cluster analysis uncovered six major areas of DSS research (group DSS, foundations, model management, user interfaces, implementation, and multiple criteria DSS) and six contributing disciplines (multiple criteria decision making, cognitive science, organization science, artificial intelligence, psychology, communication theory, and systems science).
Unified sampling approach for multipoint linkage disequilibrium mapping of qualitative and quantitative traits.

Rapid development in biotechnology has enhanced the opportunity to deal with multipoint gene mapping for complex diseases, and association studies using quantitative traits have recently generated much attention. Unlike the conventional hypothesis-testing approach for fine mapping, we propose a unified multipoint method to localize a gene controlling a quantitative trait. We first calculate the sample size needed to detect linkage and linkage disequilibrium (LD) for a quantitative trait, categorized by decile, under three different modes of inheritance. Our results show that sampling trios of offspring and their parents from either extremely low (EL) or extremely high (EH) probands provides greater statistical power than sampling in the intermediate range. We next propose a unified sampling approach for multipoint LD mapping, where the goal is to estimate the map position (tau) of a trait locus and to calculate a confidence interval along with its sampling uncertainty. Our method builds upon a model for an expected preferential transmission statistic at an arbitrary locus conditional on the sampling scheme, such as sampling from EL and EH probands. This approach is valid regardless of the underlying genetic model. The one major assumption for this model is that no more than one quantitative trait locus (QTL) is linked to the region being mapped. Finally we illustrate the proposed method using family data on total serum IgE levels collected in multiplex asthmatic families from Barbados. An unobserved QTL appears to be located at tau; = 41.93 cM with 95% confidence interval of (40.84, 43.02) through the 20-cM region framed by markers D12S1052 and D12S1064 on chromosome 12. The test statistic shows strong evidence of linkage and LD (chi-square statistic = 18.39 with 2 df, P-value = 0.0001).
Image indexing and retrieval using image-derived, geometrically and illumination invariant features

We propose novel image-derived features for image indexing and retrieval in digital library applications. The new features capture the intrinsic geometry and color properties of an imaged object. That is, these features are insensitive to the change of an object's appearance due to incidental environmental factors such as rigid motion, affine shape deformation, changes of parameterization and scene illumination, and view point change. Recording both intrinsic shape and color information of an imaged object, these features allow the similarity between two objects to be accurately measured. Hence, they can be used to index objects of the same class with similar appearance (e.g., different airplanes) instead of objects of different classes (e.g., airplanes vs. automobiles).
An experimental study of homogeneous lenses in a stratified rotating fluid

Injection of a homogeneous fluid into a linearly stratified and rotating background fluid produced anticyclonic lenses which were studied for up to 600 rotation periods. Velocity measurements showed that the interior core rotates as a solid body with a decreasing, nearly axisymmetric exterior velocity field. Gill's (1981) model predicts well both the velocity and aspect ratio vs. Rossby number of the lenses. Lens decay occurred in two stages: symmetric rapid spin-down, with an associated half-life of ≈ 70 rotation periods followed by asymmetric shedding at a nearly constant core Rossby number, Ro ≈ 0.06.
Modified Leland's Strategy for a Constant Transaction Costs Rate

In 1985 Leland suggested an approach to price contingent claims under proportional transaction costs. Its main idea is to use the classical Black-Scholes formula with a suitably adjusted volatility for a periodical revision of the portfolio whose terminal value approximates the pay-off. Unfortunately, if the transaction costs rate does not depend on the number of revisions, the approximation error does not converge to zero as the frequency of revisions tends to infinity. In the present paper, we suggest a modification of Leland's strategy ensuring that the approximation error vanishes in the limit.