cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Forging Ru-Csp2 Bonds in Paddlewheel Complexes Using the Lithium-Halogen Exchange Reaction.

Reported herein are the first examples of the formation of Ru–Csp2 bonds in paddlewheel diruthenium species. A series of six Ru2(ap)4(C6H4-4-X) type compounds (ap = 2-anilinopyridinate; X = NMe2 (1), N,N-(C6H4-4-OMe)2 (2), tBu (3), H (4), Br (5), CF3 (6)) was synthesized by employing the lithium–halogen exchange reaction with a variety of para-substituted aryl halides. These compounds have been characterized via electronic absorption spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, mass spectrometry, and magnetism studies, and their molecular structures have been established by single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies. All compounds are in the Ru25+ oxidation state, with a ground-state electronic configuration of σ2π4δ2(π*δ*)3. Crystal structures of 1–6 confirm this, indicating a Ru–Ru bond order of 2.5. Electrochemical data suggest that the σ-aryls are stronger donors than the σ-alkynyls. A range of electronically different substituents allows for a closer inspection of the extent of electronic conjugation across the d...
Spontaneous current constriction in threshold switching devices

Threshold switching devices are of increasing importance for a number of applications including solid-state memories and neuromorphic circuits. Their non-linear characteristics are thought to be associated with a spontaneous (occurring without an apparent external stimulus) current flow constriction but the extent and the underlying mechanism are a subject of debate. Here we use Scanning Joule Expansion Microscopy to demonstrate that, in functional layers with thermally activated electrical conductivity, the current spontaneously and gradually constricts when a device is biased into the negative differential resistance region. We also show that the S-type negative differential resistance I-V characteristics are only a subset of possible solutions and it is possible to have multiple current density distributions corresponding to the same value of the device voltage. In materials with steep dependence of current on temperature the current constriction can occur in nanoscale devices, making this effect relevant for computing applications.
Cognitive Load Affects Speech Motor Performance Differently in Older and Younger Adults.

Purpose The aim of this study was to determine the impact of cognitive load imposed by a speech production task on the speech motor performance of healthy older and younger adults. Response inhibition, selective attention, and working memory were the primary cognitive processes of interest. Method Twelve healthy older and 12 healthy younger adults produced multiple repetitions of 4 sentences containing an embedded Stroop task in 2 cognitive load conditions: congruent and incongruent. The incongruent condition, which required participants to suppress orthographic information to say the font colors in which color words were written, represented an increase in cognitive load relative to the congruent condition in which word text and font color matched. Kinematic measures of articulatory coordination variability and movement duration as well as a behavioral measure of sentence production accuracy were compared between groups and conditions and across 3 sentence segments (pre-, during-, and post-Stroop). Resul...
Loss of vegetative cover and increased land surface temperature: A case study of Islamabad, Pakistan

Abstract Loss of the vegetative cover becomes the paying way of accelerated carbon emissions. It leads to increase in Land Surface Temperature (LST) and resultant resulting in global warming. This study has deployed remote sensing and GIS to observe LST variations in Islamabad to study vegetative cover loss for the time span of 25 years (1992–2017). The study's findings confirmed 22% reduction in the vegetative cover from 1992 to 2000 with LST range 13–27 °C/year. It was followed by continuous reduction of the said cover up-to 27% between 2000 and 08, confirming 16–34 °C/year increase in LST. Likewise, from 2008 to 2017, alarmingly 51% vegetative cover loss contributing to 23–43 °C/year rise in LST in the study area. The results confirmed correlation between loss of vegetative cover and LST that is contributing into global warming. So, attempts to halt massive urbanization so as to reduce the polluting gateways and increasing carbon sinks efforts through afforestation and reforestation remains essential to safeguard the humanity from climatic hazards.
Sex Determination by Discriminant Function Analysis of the Petrous Portion of the Temporal Bone

Morphometric variables on the human petrous portion of the temporal bone can provide identification of sex in fragmented skeletal remains. The petrous frequently survives circumstances that cause skeletal fragmentation. Using discriminant function analysis of seven combinations of five variables, up to 74% accuracy can be obtained in determining sex from the petrous portion.
TCT-662 Patients Who Do Not Receive Drug-Eluting Stent for In-Stent Restenosis: Characteristics and Outcomes

Drug-eluting stents (DES) remain the most widely used treatment for in-stent restenosis (ISR). In this analysis we sought to determine the proportion, characteristics, and outcomes of patients who do or do not receive DES for ISR. We included all patients undergoing percutaneous coronary
Espiritismo, erotismo y tecnología en ¡Écue-Yamba-Ó! de Alejo Carpentier.

Este articulo discute la representacion del espiritismo mezclado con creencias sincreticas en Cuba en la primera novela de Alejo Carpentier iEcue-Yamba-O!, publicada en Espana en 1933. El objetivo es destacar los dispositivos que pone en funcionamiento el narrador para representar estas reuniones, las personas que asistian y los objetos que utilizaban. Dos de estos mecanismos, propongo, son la sexualidad y la tecnificacion que funcionan a manera de codigos superpuestos que traducen estas escenas y desacralizan la experiencia religiosa, reduciendo los sujetos y objetos a caricaturas de lo divino.
Prospective Qualitative Multidimensional Assessment of the Postoperative Rhinoplasty Experience

Background: Understanding the multidimensional postoperative patient experience after rhinoplasty is critical for preoperative counseling and postoperative management. Methods: A prospective clinical study was conducted from June to December 2019 for 60 patients undergoing cosmetic and/or functional rhinoplasty by two facial plastic surgeons. All patients were administered the brief pain inventory, a clinically validated pain instrument, including multiple quality of life (QOL) domains, survey at postoperative days (PODs) 1, 2, 3, and 8. Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) scores were used to predict patients having greatest QOL disturbance. Primary outcomes were postoperative QOL domains, pain scores, and oxycodone usage. Statistical analysis was performed using STATA 14.0 (STATA Corp., College Station, TX). Preoperative NOSE and postoperative Euro Quality of Life 5-Dimension scores were also recorded. Results: Patients showed greatest disruption to QOL in the first 3 PODs and essentially returned to normal levels by POD8, which mirrored trends in pain and opioid usage. All tested QOL domains (general activity, sleep, work, mood, enjoyment, and relationships) were strongly correlated with overall pain. NOSE scores were not significantly associated with pain or QOL impairment. Conclusions: This is the first study to prospectively evaluate the rhinoplasty patient's postoperative experience using a pain instrument, including multiple QOL domains. Utilizing a validated clinical instrument allows for standardized comparison of postrhinoplasty pain and QOL disruption with other surgical procedures and disease processes. These data may help guide preoperative counseling and set accurate patient expectations for the postoperative period.
Fire Resistance of Exterior Wall Assemblies for Housing and Small Buildings

This paper presents the fire resistance results of 6 full-scale exterior wall assemblies study conducted at the National Research Council of Canada jointly with the North American construction industry and other Canadian government departments. The parameters investigated include: cavity insulation types (rock, glass and cellulose fibre) in exterior wall assemblies with oriented strand board sheathing; cavity insulation types (glass fibre and cellulose fibre) in exterior wall assemblies with Type X gypsum glass mat sheathing; and assemblies with different screw spacing of standard 400 mm o.c. and non-standard 200 mm o.c. for attaching the Type X gypsum board on the fire-exposed side and glass mat sheathing board on unexposed side to wood studs using glass fibre insulation in wall cavity. The impact of the investigated parameters on the fire resistance of exterior wall assemblies is discussed. Also, Further research recommendations on design changes to enhance the fire resistance of exterior wall assemblies are proposed. Results of the parameters studied showed that the effect of insulation types on the fire resistance of exterior wall assemblies with OSB sheathing can be considered significant when gypsum board on the fire-exposed side is attached to wood studs with screws spaced at 406 mm o.c., however, the effect insulation types on fire resistance when the gypsum board on fire-exposed side and gypsum glass mat sheathing are attached to wood studs with screw spaced at 203 mm o.c. can be considered insignificant. Also, results showed the use of non-standard screw spacing at 203 mm o.c. for attaching the gypsum board on the fire-exposed side increased the fire resistance by 37% compared to screw spacing at 406 mm o.c. Therefore, the effect of screw spacing on the fire resistance of exterior wall is significant.
$B^0\bar B^0$ mixing and CPT tests at Belle

We present preliminary results on the mixing parameter Δm and tests of the CPT symmetry in the mixing from the time evolution of dilepton events on the ϒ(4S) resonance. The report is based on 5.1 fb-1 of data collected by the Belle detector at KEKB. The preliminary study gives Δm = 0.456 ± 0.008 (stat) ± 0.030 (syst)ps-1. No evidence for CPT violation is found.
On form, self, and the potential of geopoetics:

The generous commentaries provided by Acker, Cresswell, Engelmann, and Nassar in response to my article, ‘Climate Geopoetics (The Earth is a Composted Poem)’, point to various potentialities for th...
Citizens in motion: emigration, immigration, re-migration across china’s borders

With its reconceptualization of migration flows and contemporary globalization, Citizens in Motion is a much-needed intervention that problematizes the inside/outside binary that is taken for grant...
Tollmien–Schlichting Wave Control on an Airfoil Using Dynamic Surface Modification

The present study demonstrates experimental mitigation of Tollmien–Schlichting waves on an unswept natural laminar flow airfoil at a chord-based Reynolds number of 9.90×105. This was facilitated by...
Technology and the Formalization of the Informal Economy

The informal economy became the new frontier for technology firms. The monetization of the activities in the informal economy has resulted in the formation of global enterprises such as Uber, Careem, Bolt, and Gojek. This paper discusses the social outcomes of data-driven platform technology in the informal economy through a case study that describes the activities of Gojek, an Indonesian online motor taxi platform. The unique role online service platforms play in marginalized communities, the speed at which platforms have expanded globally, and the influence on the debate around labor laws make it well worth the time to assess how this specific technology corresponds with human development. In particular, the impact platforms have on the level of social inclusion. The transformations platforms have made show the desire to solve broken systems in society through technology. This also explains how Gojek transformed from an online gig work mediator to a digital banking system, assisting financial inclusion efforts for unbanked people. This paper concludes that social inclusion can indeed only be achieved when the split in society is addressed between the informal and the formal economy–for example, facilitating corporations to create financial access for people at the periphery without acknowledging legislation that got them there in the first-place anchors the inequality even further.
Stereotactic Electroencephalography Implantation Through Nonautologous Cranioplasty: Proof of Concept.

BACKGROUND Stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) is an effective method to define the epileptogenic zone (EZ) in patients with medically intractable epilepsy. Typical placement requires passing and anchoring electrodes through native skull. OBJECTIVE To describe the successful placement of SEEG electrodes in patients without native bone. To the best of our knowledge, the use of SEEG in patients with nonautologous cranioplasties has not been described. METHODS We describe 3 cases in which SEEG was performed through nonautologous cranioplasty. The first is a 30-yr-old male with a titanium mesh cranioplasty following a left pterional craniotomy for aneurysm clipping. The second is a 51-yr-old female who previously underwent lesionectomy of a ganglioglioma with mesh cranioplasty and subsequent recurrence of her seizures. The third is a 31-yr-old male with a polyether ether ketone cranioplasty following decompressive hemicraniectomy for trauma. RESULTS SEEG was performed successfully in all three cases without intraoperative difficulties or complications and with excellent electroencephalogram recording and optimal localization of the seizure focus. The EZ was successfully localized in all three patients. There were no limitations related to drilling or inserting the guiding bolt/electrode through the nonautologous cranioplasties. CONCLUSION SEEG through nonautologous cranioplasties was clinically feasible, safe, and effective in our series. The presence of nonautologous bone cranioplasty should not preclude such patients from undergoing SEEG explorations.
Scalable ab initio fragmentation methods based on a truncated expansion of the non-orthogonal molecular orbital model

An alternative formulation of the non-orthogonal molecular orbital model of electronic structure theory is developed based on the expansion of the inverse molecular orbital overlap matrix. From this model, a hierarchy of ab initio fragment-based quantum chemistry methods, referred to as the nth-order expanded non-orthogonal molecular orbital methods, are developed using a minimal number of approximations, each of which is frequently employed in intermolecular interaction theory. These novel methods are compared to existing fragment-based quantum chemistry methods, and the implications of those significant differences, where they exist, between the methods developed herein and those already existing methods are examined in detail. Computational complexities and theoretical scaling are also analyzed and discussed. Future extensions for the hierarchy of methods, to account for additional intrafragment and interfragment interactions, are outlined.
Employee Involvement in Workplace Governance Post-Collective Bargaining

Prepared for a festschrift in honor of Philip Selznick, this essay looks back at his 1969 book Law, Society, and Industrial Justice. The focus is on employee participation in corporate decisionmaking. Taking an interdisciplinary approach (law and sociology), Selznick treats employee involvement as a means to an end; namely, industrial justice. In this model, employee participation is channeled through the collective bargaining system, especially the grievance arbitration process. Participation through such means is desirable, Selznick posits, because it promotes employee self-actualization, confers legitimacy on the enterprise, and protects employees from opportunism. Although acknowledging that LSIJ was an important scholarly work, this essay argues that the decline of private sector collective bargaining and the move towards alternative forms of participatory management calls into question the continuing vitality of Selznick's argument. The essay concludes that a transaction costs economics-based approach to employee involvement is far more revealing than Selznick's sociology-based model, in that it offers generalized predictions about the function of employee involvement that have proven explanatory over time.
Mutation of an aspartate residue highly conserved among G-protein-coupled receptors results in nonreciprocal disruption of alpha 2-adrenergic receptor-G-protein interactions. A negative charge at amino acid residue 79 forecasts alpha 2A-adrenergic receptor sensitivity to allosteric modulation by monovalent cations and fully effective receptor/G-protein coupling

We have mutated the aspartate residue in the putative second transmembrane spanning domain of the alpha 2A-adrenergic receptor (alpha 2AAR) to the non-negatively charged asparagine (D79N) and glutamine (D79Q) and the negatively charged glutamate (D79E) residue in an effort to better characterize the role of this residue, highly conserved among G-protein-coupled receptors, in Na+ regulation of ligand binding and in receptor G-protein coupling. Allosteric modulation of receptor-ligand interactions by Na+ is retained by the D79E alpha 2AAR but lost upon mutation to the uncharged D79N and D79Q residues. Loss of allosteric effects of Na+ is paralleled by a complete loss of retrograde information transfer from G-proteins to alpha 2AAR in AtT20 cells, measured via the sensitivity of radiolabeled agonist binding to Gpp(NH)p. In contrast to the complete elimination of retrograde signaling via the D79N and D79Q alpha 2AAR, anterograde information transfer from receptor to G-protein is modified in a more subtle quantitative way, since agonist-stimulated GTPase activity via D79N and D79Q alpha 2AAR, although apparently attenuated compared to wild type and D79E alpha 2AAR, is no less than the GTPase activity elicited by endogenous somatostatin receptors in AtT20 cells. These data indicate that a negative charge at amino acid residue 79 forecasts sensitivity to allosteric regulation by monovalent cations and its mutation to non-negatively charged residues elicits a nonparallel modulation of receptor-->G-protein versus G-protein-->receptor communication between alpha 2AAR and pertussis toxin-sensitive GTP-binding proteins.
Heterogeneous parallel computing across multidomain clusters

We propose lightweight middleware solutions that facilitate and simplify the execution of MPI programs across multidomain clusters. The system described in this paper leverages H2O, a distributed metacomputing framework, to route MPI message passing across heterogeneous aggregates located in different administrative or network domains. MPI programs instantiate a specially written H2O pluglet; messages that are destined for remote sites are intercepted and transparently forwarded to their final destinations. The software was written and tested in a simulated environment, with a focus on clusters behind firewalls. Qualitatively it was demonstrated that the proposed technique is indeed effective in enabling communication across firewalls by MPI programs. In addition, tests showed only a small drop in performance, acceptable considering the substantial added functionality of sharing new resources across different administrative domains.
Impact of Sampling Technique Selection on the Creation of Response Surface Models

This paper evaluates and compares a variety of sampling techniques, including both classical and modern Designs of Experiments, to create a more structured approach to selecting the most apt DoE for a specific type of problem. Six different designs are investigated through a design analysis for a notional commercial aircraft. The appropriateness of each sampling technique is determined based on a number of criteria, including code execution time, independent variable correlation, and distribution of data points throughout the design space. Additionally, the resulting models are evaluated using a systematic procedure for checking quality to quantify the accuracy and predictive capability of a given model.
Exceeding the limits of polymorphism in database programming languages

Database programming languages represent an attempt to merge the technologies of programming languages and database management in order to improve the development of data-intensive applications. One aspect of the research on database programming languages is an attempt to exploit polymorphism and higher order functions to integrate query algebra capabilities into programming languages. This has proved to be difficult especially in strongly and statically typed languages, due to the high level of polymorphism and reflection in database query languages. For example, the natural join operation of relational algebra requires examination of the types of the input relations to determine the match predicate and output type, neither of which are easily expressed in current polymorphic programming languages. These aspects of natural join require quite sophisticated polymorphism and some kind of reflection. The reflection must be powerful enough to allow the examination of the input types to determine the match function and to synthesize the output type. It is the difficulty in achieving such power parsimoniously that we examine in this paper.
Ulnar neuropathy at the elbow in computer keyboard operators

Objective This case series sought to determine the prevalence of ulnar neuropathy at the elbow (UNE) by using electrophysiologic criteria among all computer keyboard operators (CKOs) referred over a four-year period (1995-1999) for electrodiagnosis (EDX) due to clinical suspicion of focal upper limb neuropathies. Participants All CKOs referred to an EDX laboratory for suspicion of focal upper limb neuropathies primarily from private practice physicians, mostly hand surgeons, and an occupational medicine clinic. Methods All 148 CKOs underwent NCV studies of the upper limbs, which included segmental studies of the ulnar nerve and were questioned for the presence and distribution pattern of paresthesias in the symptomatic upper limb(s). The CKOs provided the electromyographer with subjective descriptions of their workstation configuration, layout, and basic office equipment. Results Focal ulnar neuropathy at the elbow (UNE) was identified in 105 out of 148 CKOs referred to an EDX laboratory for clinical suspicion of upper limb focal neuropathies. Conclusions Compared with the more prevalent diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), ulnar neuropathy at the elbow should also be considered among CKOs referred for EDX testing because of suspicion of focal upper limb neuropathies. Clinicians evaluating CKOs for suspicion of focal upper limb neuropathies should routinely ask about symptoms of ulnar neuropathy.
The IADS track management concept: Data fusion in the real world

The track data fusion/consolidation concept that has evolved for the Iceland Air Defense System (IADS) is described. The IADS is outwardly a traditional, ground-based command, control and communication system. It differs from other systems due to requirements to simultaneously exchange track data using seven different sets of dissimilar data link protocols. Operational and data link considerations have affected how much fusion of track data can take place. Several alternative track management concepts are described, and the concept chosen for the IADS, along with the rationale for the choice are presented. >
Surface conduction in InAs and GaSb

This work presents a fundamental investigation of the surface conduction pathways occurring along etched sidewalls in devices fabricated from InAs and GaSb. Surface leakage currents are identified by their dependence on device size and thermal activation energy, and are characterized in terms of sheet conductance. InAs is found to have a temperature-independent sheet conductance of approximately 8×10-8 mho×square. The sheet conductance of GaSb is comparable to that of InAs at room temperature, and when cooled it decreases with a thermal activation energy of 75 meV, which is approximately equal to the known separation between the valence band and surface Fermi level. The temperature dependence of the surface conductance of the two materials indicates that the surface of InAs is degenerate and the surface of GaSb is non-degenerate.
Decreased erythrocyte survival in alloxan diabetic rat.

ALTHOUGH numerous metabolic activities have been investigated in the alloxan diabetic rat, the red cell survival has not been reported. Derangement in the metabolism of the human erythrocyte in diabetes mellitus was shown recently by Long and Carson1. The present communication reports a reduction in the red cell life-span in the alloxan diabetic rat.
Controlling Bias in Forensic Radiology

This article examines sources and consequences of bias in expert witness testimony involving neuroradiological images. The increasing use of neuroimages in the courtroom invites unique ethical considerations and concerns, given the rapid evolution of their associated technologies and the ways neuroimaging data as used in the courtroom provides windows into human behavior and motivation. We conclude with a discussion of approaches to managing bias in such testimony.
Media Studies and the Mainstreaming of Media History

The Problem of the Media: U.S. communication politics in the 21st century Robert W. McChesney, 2004 New York, Monthly Review Press 367 pp., ISBN 1-58367-105-6 (pbk $16.95) Myths for the Masses: an ...
The Behaviour of Virulent and Avirulent P. Pestis in Normal and Immune Experimental Animals

The renewed interest in live plague vaccines during the past decade stimulated a number of investigations dealing primarily with the route;of spread and the period of survival of the principal avirulent plague strains used in human vaccination throughout the world. Girard and Robic5 stressed the importance of the splenic reaction produced in guinea pigs by the avirulent plague strain EV. They considered this reaction a test of antigenic value and attributed it to the "conservation of a certain de-
The parietal reach region selectively anti-synchronizes with dorsal premotor cortex during planning.

Recent reports have indicated that oscillations shared across distant cortical regions can enhance their connectivity, but do coherent oscillations ever diminish connectivity? We investigated oscillatory activity in two distinct reach-related regions in the awake behaving monkey (Macaca mulatta): the parietal reach region (PRR) and the dorsal premotor cortex (PMd). PRR and PMd were found to oscillate at similar frequencies (beta, 15–30 Hz) during periods of fixation and movement planning. At first glance, the stronger oscillator of the two, PRR, would seem to drive the weaker, PMd. However, a more fine-grained measure, the partial spike-field coherence, revealed a different relationship. Relative to global beta-band activity in the brain, action potentials in PRR anti-synchronize with PMd oscillations. These data suggest that, rather than driving PMd during planning, PRR neurons fire in such a way that they are less likely to communicate information to PMd.
Electrospun three-dimensional hyaluronic acid nanofibrous scaffolds

A three-dimensional (3D) hyaluronic acid (HA) nanofibrous scaffold was successfully fabricated to mimic the architecture of natural extracellular matrix (ECM) based on electrospinning. Thiolated HA derivative, 3,3'-dithiobis(propanoic dihydrazide)-modified HA (HA-DTPH), was synthesized and electrospun to form 3D nanofibrous scaffolds. In order to facilitate the fiber formation during electrospinning, Poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO) was added into the aqueous solution of HA-DTPH at an optimal weight ratio of 1:1. The electrospun HA-DTPH/PEO blend scaffold was subsequently cross-linked through poly (ethylene glycol)-diacrylate (PEGDA) mediated conjugate addition. PEO was then extracted in DI water to obtain an electrospun HA-DTPH nanofibrous scaffold. NIH 3T3 fibroblasts were seeded on fibronectin-adsorbed HA-DTPH nanofibrous scaffolds for 24h in vitro. Fluorescence microscopy and laser scanning confocal microscopy revealed that the 3T3 fibroblasts attached to the scaffold and spread, demonstrating an extended dendritic morphology within the scaffold, which suggests potential applications of HA-DTPH nanofibrous scaffolds in cell encapsulation and tissue regeneration.
Parental Depression and Child Externalizing and Internalizing Symptoms: Unique Effects of Fathers’ Symptoms and Perceived Conflict as a Mediator

Although a developing body of literature suggests that depressive symptoms in fathers are related to child psychopathology, little evidence suggests that paternal depression plays a unique role in children’s symptoms. We used a high-risk design involving children of mothers with and without histories of depression to test the unique mediating role of father–child conflict in the relations between fathers’ depressive symptoms and child externalizing and internalizing symptoms. In all regression analyses, mothers’ history of depression and current depressive symptoms were controlled. Depressive symptoms in fathers were associated with child externalizing and internalizing symptoms, and father–child conflict. Father–child conflict mediated relations between fathers’ depressive symptoms and child externalizing symptoms above and beyond the effects of maternal depression history and depressive symptoms. The results suggest that negative interpersonal consequences of parental depression on child psychopathology may not be limited to mothers.
A Novel Fluidized Bed Technique for Measuring UV Raman Spectra of Catalysts and Adsorbates

A novel “fluidized bed” (FB) technique for measuring UV Raman spectra of catalysts and adsorbates has been developed to minimize thermal degradation and possible photodecomposition of adsorbates by UV radiation. UV Raman spectra were measured for naphthalene, benzene, and pyridine adsorbed in zeolite H-USY. When measurements were performed on samples in the form of a stationary or spinning disc, the Raman spectra show the presence of “coke,” a typical end product of heating and photochemistry. In contrast, the Raman peaks of the unreacted adsorbates dominate spectra measured using the FB apparatus. An in situ FB reactor was constructed and the UV Raman spectrum of n-heptane in zeolite H-ZSM-5 was measured. These results indicate that the FB technique is a promising method for measuring UV Raman spectra of catalysts and adsorbates.
CHARMM Additive All-Atom Force Field for Glycosidic Linkages between Hexopyranoses

We present an extension of the CHARMM hexopyranose monosaccharide additive all-atom force field to enable modeling of glycosidic-linked hexopyranose polysaccharides. The new force field parameters encompass 1→1, 1→2, 1→3, 1→4, and 1→6 hexopyranose glycosidic linkages, as well as O-methylation at the C1 anomeric carbon, and are developed to be consistent with the CHARMM all-atom biomolecular force fields for proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids. The parameters are developed in a hierarchical fashion using model compounds containing the key atoms in the full carbohydrates, in particular O-methyl-tetrahydropyran and glycosidic-linked dimers consisting of two molecules of tetrahyropyran or one molecule of tetrahydropyran and one of cyclohexane. Target data for parameter optimization include full two-dimensional energy surfaces defined by the Φ/Ψ glycosidic dihedral angles in the disaccharide analogs, as determined by quantum mechanical MP2/cc-pVTZ single point energies on MP2/6-31G(d) optimized structures (MP2...
Increased pressure-induced tone in rat parenchymal arterioles vs. middle cerebral arteries: role of ion channels and calcium sensitivity

Brain parenchymal arterioles (PAs) are high-resistance vessels that branch off pial arteries and perfuse the brain parenchyma. PAs are the target of cerebral small vessel disease and have been show...
First Report of Charcoal Rot on Soybean Caused by Macrophomina phaseolina in North Dakota

In late August 2002, patches of soybean (Glycine max) plants in a field in Richland County, ND exhibited symptoms and signs of charcoal rot and died prematurely. Dead plants had a silvery-gray appearance, and black microsclerotia (76 ± 28 μm in diameter) were present in the vascular tissue of the lower stems and roots. Stem tissue was placed in petri dishes containing potato dextrose agar (PDA). Gray hyphae grew from the stem tissue and subsequently turned black and formed microsclerotia (188 × 139 ± 48 μm). The fungus was identified as Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid. based on colony color and morphology and size of the microsclerotia (1). To confirm pathogenicity, soybean plants (cv. Garst D 041 RR) were grown in the greenhouse and inoculated with the previously obtained isolate of M. phaseolina. Stems of soybean plants at the V2 stage were excised just below the third node. Mycelia plugs of a 1-week-old culture of M. phaseolina were placed into the large end of disposable micropipette tips (200 μl...
The relative importance of CYP26A1 in hepatic clearance of all-trans retinoic acid

All-trans retinoic acid (RA) is a critical signaling molecule and its concentration is tightly regulated. Several P450 enzymes including CYP26A1, CYP2C8, and CYP3A4 have been proposed to be responsible for RA clearance in the liver but their quantitative importance has not been demonstrated. To determine the contribution of CYP26A1 to hepatic clearance of RA, CYP26A1 protein was quantified in 37 human liver microsomes (HLMs). CYP26A1 expression ranged from not detectable to 2.80pmol/mg microsomal protein. RA clearance by P450 enzymes abundant in human liver was measured in Supersomes. CYP2C8, CYP3A4, CYP3A5 and CYP3A7 metabolized RA with unbound K(m) values of 3.4-7.2microM and V(max) values of 2.3-4.9pmol/min/pmol P450, but were less efficient than CYP26A1 in clearing RA. Simulations performed for livers with varying P450 expression levels over a range of RA concentrations demonstrated that at both endogenous and therapeutic concentrations of RA, CYP26A1 is the primary enzyme responsible for 4-OH RA formation clearance. HLM incubation data showed that 4-OH RA formation velocity varied from 0.2 to 15.3pmol/min/mg microsomal protein and velocity in HLMs was significantly correlated (p<0.01) to CYP26A1, CYP3A4, and CYP3A5 protein content, but not to CYP2C8. When experimental data were scaled to in vivo clearances, the predicted hepatic clearance of RA (0.07L/min using combined Supersome data) was similar to the published in vivo clearance of RA. These findings suggest that CYP26A1 is the P450 isoform that should be targeted when designing RA metabolism blocking agents.
Heterotropic effects of chloride on the ligation microstates of hemoglobin at constant water activity

Dimer-tetramer assembly reactions of the 10 CN-met ligation microstates of hemoglobin (Hb) were analyzed as a function of NaCl concentration while maintaining constant water activity by the addition of compensating sucrose. The assembly free energy for fully ligated cyanomet Hb and for fully oxygenated Hb becomes less favorable by 1.8 kcal when [NaCl] is increased from 0.08 to 0.7 M, whereas that of unligated Hb is practically insensitive to changes in [NaCl]. Values of 1.6 and 0.3 mol chloride release were found for the assembly of fully ligated and deoxy Hb, respectively; i.e., a net release of 1.3 mol chloride is coupled to the ligation of tetramers for both oxygen and cyanomet ligation. The ligation-linked salt component at constant water activity was evaluated to be 1.0 mol for the full oxygenation of the Hb tetramer in agreement with the overall value previously reported. When the detailed salt linkages accompanying all 16 stepwise cyanomet ligation reactions were experimentally resolved, only two "chloride" effects were found. The first chloride effect correlates with the ligation steps, which create tertiary constraint, and the second effect is coupled to the six switchpoints of quaternary T-->R transition. The distribution of these chloride effects agrees closely with predictions of the "symmetry rule mechanism." The total chloride release for CN-met ligation is in good agreement with that for oxygenation. Free energy contributions to assembly and cooperativity arising from the osmotic effects of chloride were found to be small for all ligation species.
Galois representations for holomorphic Siegel modular forms

We prove local–global compatibility (up to a quadratic twist) of Galois representations associated to holomorphic Hilbert–Siegel modular forms in many cases (induced from Borel or Klingen parabolic), and as a corollary we obtain a conjecture of Skinner and Urban. For Siegel modular forms, when the local representation is an irreducible principal series we get local–global compatibility without a twist. We achieve this by proving a version of rigidity (strong multiplicity one) for GSp(4) using, on the one hand the doubling method to compute the standard L-function, and on the other hand the explicit classification of the irreducible local representations of GSp(4) over p-adic fields; then we use the existence of a globally generic Hilbert–Siegel modular form weakly equivalent to the original and we refer to Sorensen (Mathematica 15:623–670, 2010) for local–global compatibility in that case.
Frozen dynamics of migrating bedforms

Here we show how a continuum granular flow model can replicate realistic self-organizing subaqueous bedforms, and we explore how a record of this dynamic topography is transferred into the substrate where it can be fossilized. Modeled bedform behavior is quantitatively compared to laboratory and field data. Sediment scouring and deposition by migrating bedforms produce sets of partially preserved bedforms recording nonlinear behavior at the sediment-fluid interface. Model results show the importance of spatial and temporal variations in bedform size and migration rate to the generation of sets. Addition of net bed aggradation to modeled bedforms allows us to explore the preservation of topography under a wide range of depositional conditions. We present new relationships among aggradation rate, bedform migration rate, and set thickness. Variability of set thickness is shown to be a product of the competition between bed aggradation and bedform migration rates. These results show how using the entire distribution of set thickness for ancient strata can refine estimates of the formative paleoenvironmental conditions.
Tyrosine hydroxylase activity in rat brain following "REM" sleep deprivation.

In Recent years biogenic amines have been implicated in the control mechanism for induction and maintenance of sleep processes (Jouvet, 1969). Investigators have looked for changes in the rate of synthesis of cerebral norepinephrine from [3H]tyrosine after REM sleep deprivation and reported increased rates of synthesis during REM sleep deprivation (Mark, Heiner, Mandel and Godin, 1969) and REM sleep rebound following 91 h of deprivation (Pujol, Mouret and Glowinski, 1968). Because tyrosine is thought to be the rate-limiting enzyme (Udenfriend, 1966) in the synthetic pathways for norepinephrine and since the above-mentioned studies are suggestive of changes in the activity of the enzyme, we decided to measure tyrosine hydroxylase activity following REM sleep deprivation.
Depression in the older woman

Abstract Depression is a common illness in elderly women. Most commonly it is reactive in nature, but many suffer from major depression. This can be more difficult to diagnose in older patients as they focus less on mood symptoms and more on somatic and behavioral symptoms, and a high index of suspicion is warranted. Most patients will benefit from psychotherapy, and those with more severe symptoms will benefit from the addition of antidepressant medication. The newer antidepressants have been shown to be very effective and relatively safe in older patients, but there is still a place for heterocyclic drugs and monoamine oxidase inhibitors in certain patients. Referral for electroconvulsive therapy should be considered in patients with debilitating depression and those who do not respond to drug treatment.
Multidimensional analysis for custom content for multiple audiences

As technical communication gains the technology to deliver dynamic custom documents, the importance of the upfront analysis increases. As a major factor in supporting dynamic adjustment of document content, the task and audience analysis must clearly capture the range of user goals and information needs in a flexible manner. Replacing a linear analysis model with a multidimensional model provides one method of achieving that flexibility. With a minimum of three separate dimensions to capture topic knowledge, detail required, and user cognitive ability, this model provides the writer a means of connecting content with information requirements and ensuring a dynamic document fits varying audience needs.
Export barriers and path to internationalization: A comparison of conventional enterprises and international new ventures

Twenty years after the seminal work on rapid and early internationalization, export barrier research remains detached from this path of internationalization. Thus far, export research has largely disregarded the relationship between path to internationalization and the influence of export constraints. This paper opens a new thoroughfare of inquiry by distinguishing international new ventures from conventional enterprises on the basis of the export barrier construct. Using a sample of 129 small multinational enterprises, our logistic regression model separates international new ventures from conventional enterprises, with accuracy approaching 80 % on the basis of eight underlying export barrier factors. Our results convey two dynamic implications: In the realm of export research, we demonstrate that export barriers can indeed predict the path to internationalization. Thus, gradual internationalization is induced by skill and knowledge shortages, while rapid internationalization ensues from positive managerial orientation and lack of confidence in the host market. From a policymaking perspective, this study provides a basis for predicting the international new venture-to-conventional enterprise ratio within the population as well as an instructive basis for needs-based targeting of incentives.
Localization of urokinase-type plasminogen activator in human eyes: An immunocytochemical study

Abstract We investigated the presence of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA) in various structures of the human eye by using a biotin-strepavidin complex immunoperoxidase technique with a monoclonal antibody specific for human u-PA. A moderate to intense reaction product was seen in the corneal endothelium, episclera, sclera, iris muscles, lens equator and posterior capsule, peripheral vitreous, epithelium of pars plana, retinal pigment epithelium, axons, uveal fibroblasts, optic nerve fibers, and extraocular muscles. A weak reaction product was seen in the conjunctival and corneal epithelium, the trabecular meshwork, melanocytes and stroma of the iris and choroid, and the posterior layers of the retina. u-PA was not localized in the corneal stroma, conjunctival goblet cells, and certain parts of the lens. Comparison of the present results with those of our previous study (Tripathi, Geanon and Tripathi, 1987, Ophthalmology , 94 , 1434-8) on the localization of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) in the eye indicate that the distribution of u-PA and t-PA overlaps in many tissues, but differs significantly in others, and that this finding may be related to their complementary and specific roles. As in other body systems, u-PA in ocular tissues is probably involved in processes such as fibrinolysis, wound healing, turnover of intra- and extracellular macromolecules, muscle and neuromuscular regeneration, synapse formation, and maintenance of general neuronal function.
Effect of temperature and water variables on the juvenile growth of lucerne and red clover

Plants of three cultivars of lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) and of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) were grown at four levels each of water availability and temperature in all combinations to evaluate these factors as determinants of plant growth. Plants grew in conventional plant growth chambers from age 2 to 4 weeks with the roots held between layers of polyester cloths that held a volume of nutrient solution which was adjusted at 24-h intervals by flushing and blotting the cloths. The experimental design consisted of two growth chamber runs at each of four temperatures. Within each run, water treatments and the species-cultivar combination were arranged In four replicates of a split-plot design with water treatment as whole plot and species-cultivars as subplots. Plant response variables over all treatments were significant (P < 0·05) for temperature and water for shoot weights, root weights, shoot/root ratios and number of roots. Cultivars within species had no significant difference in response lo the treatments, but species differences were significant for alt response variables except shoot/root ratio.
Detecting undersampling in surface reconstruction

Current surface reconstruction algorithms perform satisfactorily on we ll-sampled, smooth surfaces without boundaries. However, these algorithms face difficulty with undersampling. Cases of undersampling are prevalent in real data since often they sample a part of the boundary of an object, or are derived from a surface with high curvature or nonsmoothness. In this paper we present an algorithm to detect the boundaries where dense sampling stops and undersampling begins. This information can be used to reconstruct surfaces with boundaries, and also to localize small and sharp features where usually undersampling happens. We report the effectiveness of the algorithm with a number of experimental results. Theoretically, we justify the algorithm with some mild assumptions that are valid for most practical data.
Promoting Effective Student Problem Solving

If one were to ask most anyone what engineers do, they would say “solve problems.” And indeed, engineers do [but I would suggest that all people solve problems regardless of their chosen careers]. What are less obvious are [a] whether engineering students and graduates are effective problem solvers; [b] whether engineering education is facilitated effectively as a “problem to be solved” and [c] whether that engineering education intentionally facilitates the development by students of an effective problem solving approach. In this paper, it is argued that instructors use of effective problem solving in course development, preparation, and facilitation must include the explicit attention to the student development of effective problem solving procedures. In this paper, it is argued that students will become more effective problem solvers if instructors encourage them to use procedures that embrace ambiguity and if instructors more consistently expect them to apply the procedures to open-ended problems throughout the curriculum. As students move from well-defined problem solving to more complex problem solving, they will benefit from one general and effective problem-solving procedure that is sufficiently flexible to include the various and more specific procedures that students will encounter. With career paths continually evolving and with information generation growth ever expanding, such skills are absolutely critical to success, again regardless of career choice.Copyright © 2007 by ASME