cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A thermodynamics-guided framework to design lightweight aggregate from waste coal combustion fly ash

Abstract A systematic thermodynamics-based framework was applied to recycle waste low and high-calcium coal combustion Fly Ash (FA) into synthetic lightweight aggregates (LWA) through sintering. The process to successfully manufacture synthetic LWA was investigated, which requires a delicate balance among three phenomena: (i) sufficient liquid phase formation during sintering, (ii) appropriate viscosity for the liquid-solid phase, and (iii) sufficient amount of gas emission to form pores in the LWA. Thermodynamics modeling was used to quantify the formation of the liquid phase during sintering while the fluxing agent and the temperature change. The Urbain- Kalmanovitch, Browning, and Krieger-Dougherty models were used to quantify the viscosity of the liquid and liquid-solid phase, respectively. A lower bound of 100 Pa•s for the viscosity was found to ensure spherical shape of the LWA. Using thermogravimetric analysis, it was shown that the LWA had a notable gas release potential, owing to the presence of anhydrite and hematite, which could create gas-filled pores in the LWA macro-microstructure. X-ray computed tomography (X-CT) observation revealed the formation of a porous structure for the produced LWA where high calcium FA LWA generally had larger pores compared with low calcium FA LWA. By correlating the X-CT and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations and thermodynamic modeling results, it was found that a minimum of 40% liquid phase content (% by mass) is necessary for the formation of gas-filled pores in FA-LWA.
Photochemical Conversion of Solar Energy in the Environment

Past research on photochemistry in the environment has focused on vapor-phase reactions in the atmosphere. Recently, however, environmentally significant photoreactions have been discovered in natural waters (i.e. the sea, lakes, rivers), on soil surfaces, and in atmospheric condensed phases. These new investigations have been stimulated in part by interest in developing a scientific understanding of the role of photochemical processes in the biogeochemical cycles of various elements. In addition, other studies have explored the role of natural photochemical processes in cleansing the environment of various waste materials or, in some cases, in converting the wastes to more toxic substances. In this paper, current research results on the photochemical conversion of solar energy in aquatic environments and on soil and metal oxide surfaces are presented. Rate equations and products for selected homogeneous and heterogeneous photoreactions that occur in these systems are described. Data are presented for direct and sensitized photoreactions and for sunlight-initiated free radical reactions.
A design heuristic for hybrid classification ensembles in machine learning

This paper presents a new design heuristic for hybrid classifier ensembles in machine learning. The heuristic entails inclusion of both global and local learners in the composition of base classifiers of a hybrid classifier ensemble, while also inducing both heterogeneous and homogenous diversity through the co-existence of global and local learners. Realization of the proposed heuristic is demonstrated within a hybrid ensemble classifier framework. The utility of proposed heuristic for enhancing the hybrid classifier ensemble performance is assessed and evaluated through a simulation study. Weka machine learning tool bench along with 46 datasets from the UCI machine learning repository are used. Simulation results indicate that the proposed heuristic enhances the performance of a hybrid classification ensemble.
The rate of poleward chromosome motion is attenuated in Drosophila zw10 and rod mutants

Here we show that the rate of poleward chromosome motion in zw10-null mutants is greatly attenuated throughout the division process, and that chromosome disjunction at anaphase is highly asynchronous. Our results show that ZW10 protein, together with Rod, is involved in production and/or regulation of the force reponsible for poleward chromosome motion.
Serum or target deprivation-induced neuronal death causes oxidative neuronal accumulation of Zn2+ and loss of NAD+.

Trophic deprivation-mediated neuronal death is important during development, after acute brain or nerve trauma, and in neurodegeneration. Serum deprivation (SD) approximates trophic deprivation in vitro, and an in vivo model is provided by neuronal death in the mouse dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (LGNd) after ablation of the visual cortex (VCA). Oxidant-induced intracellular Zn(2+) release ([Zn(2+) ](i) ) from metallothionein-3 (MT-III), mitochondria or 'protein Zn(2+) ', was implicated in trophic deprivation neurotoxicity. We have previously shown that neurotoxicity of extracellular Zn(2+) required entry, increased [Zn(2+) ](i) , and reduction of NAD(+) and ATP levels causing inhibition of glycolysis and cellular metabolism. Exogenous NAD(+) and sirtuin inhibition attenuated Zn(2+) neurotoxicity. Here we show that: (1) Zn(2+) is released intracellularly after oxidant and SD injuries, and that sensitivity to these injuries is proportional to neuronal Zn(2+) content; (2) NAD(+) loss is involved - restoration of NAD(+) using exogenous NAD(+) , pyruvate or nicotinamide attenuated these injuries, and potentiation of NAD(+) loss potentiated injury; (3) neurons from genetically modified mouse strains which reduce intracellular Zn(2+) content (MT-III knockout), reduce NAD(+) catabolism (PARP-1 knockout) or increase expression of an NAD(+) synthetic enzyme (Wld(s) ) each had attenuated SD and oxidant neurotoxicities; (4) sirtuin inhibitors attenuated and sirtuin activators potentiated these neurotoxicities; (5) visual cortex ablation (VCA) induces Zn(2+) staining and death only in ipsilateral LGNd neurons, and a 1 mg/kg Zn(2+) diet attenuated injury; and finally (6) NAD(+) synthesis and levels are involved given that LGNd neuronal death after VCA was dramatically reduced in Wld(s) animals, and by intraperitoneal pyruvate or nicotinamide. Zn(2+) toxicity is involved in serum and trophic deprivation-induced neuronal death.
Closing Thoughts and Implications

The contextualization of sociocultural theory to practice illustrates how the role of history in learning may be used to broaden Vygotsky’s argument about how cultural contexts that involve a recursive process for intellectual construction or transformation of knowledge are vital for learning and development. Accordingly, the idea is to bring together major assumptions about Vygotskian theory and mathematical learning discussed in the previous chapters, focusing primarily on tools and signs, intersubjectivity, and the zone of proximal development.
Cosmic-Ray-Induced Errors in MOS Devices

The results are reported for a comprehensive analytical and experimental study of galactic cosmic-ray-induced errors in MOS devices. An error rate model is described which utilizes exact expressions for a path-length distribution function and a Linear Energy Transfer (LET) spectrum for the cosmic ray environment to calculate the expected cosmic-ray-induced error rate in space for a given parallel-piped-shaped sensitive volume. The model validity is confirmed by comparison of predictions to bit-error data from devices in orbiting satellites, and to cosmic ray simulation measurements on the same device types at a cyclotron. The experimental results and model predictions are described for a wide variety of device types, including NMOS, PMOS, CMOS/bulk, CMOS/SOS, and ANOS.
Timing of exits to legal permanency from out-of-home care: The importance of systems and implications for assessing institutional accountability☆

Abstract Achieving legal permanency (i.e., family reunification, adoption, or legal guardianship) for children placed in out-of-home care due to abuse, neglect, or dependency is one of the primary goals of the public child welfare system. Following through the end of 2008 children who first entered out-of-home care in the State of Washington between 2001 and 2007 (n = 36,797), this study identifies significant variation between jurisdictions within the state in the rate at which children experience legal permanency, variation that cannot be readily explained by differences in the characteristics of the populations served. Interactions between the juvenile courts and child welfare agencies appear to explain much of the observed geographic variation in outcomes. Juvenile court involvement varies considerably across the state; differences in the likelihood and timing of court involvement are partially due to differences in the availability of services to troubled youth and partially due to local variation in decision-making about when to involve families with the courts. Non-court-involved children are more likely to reunify and reunify much more quickly than court-involved children. Thus, variation by region in the mix of children who are court-involved versus non-court involved influences regional performance in achieving permanency for children. These findings have implications for efforts to hold institutions accountable for achieving legal permanency for children in out-of-home care.
Whitman's Occasional Nationalism: A Broadway Pageant and the Space of Public Poetry

Despite the attention given to New York City as a source of the poetic imagery and democratic energy in Walt Whitman9s poetry, the space of mid-century New York has never fully been explicated as a site of convergence for Whitman9s conflicting allegiances to a local working-class urban subculture, the global community, and the United States itself. The reason for this critical lacuna stems in part from a tendency to focus on Whitman9s private lyrics rather than on the type of poetry that is necessarily connected with a specific geographic space-namely, public occasional verse. In "A Broadway Pageant" (1860), the only occasional poem that Whitman wrote after publishing the first edition of Leaves of Grass in 1855 and before the outbreak of the Civil War, New York City is presented as a site where city workers and international merchants converge during a moment of national celebration. Originally published in the New York Times to commemorate a parade held for the Meiji Japanese ambassadors who had come to Manhattan in 1860 to ratify a trade agreement with the United States, "A Broadway Pageant" demonstrates how the requirements of occasional poetry allow Whitman to articulate the local and global framework within which his otherwise nationalist poetics operates.
Interleukin-4 in the Generation of the AERD Phenotype: Implications for Molecular Mechanisms Driving Therapeutic Benefit of Aspirin Desensitization

Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) is explained in part by over-expression of 5-lipoxygenase, leukotriene C4 synthase (LTC4S) and the cysteinyl leukotriene (CysLT) receptors (CysLT1 and 2), resulting in constitutive over-production of CysLTs and the hyperresponsiveness to CysLTs that occurs with aspirin ingestion. Increased levels of IL-4 have been found in the sinus mucosa and nasal polyps of AERD subjects. Previous studies demonstrated that IL-4 is primarily responsible for the upregulation of LTC4S by mast cells and the upregulation of CysLT1 and 2 receptors on many immune cell types. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) acts to prevent CysLT secretion by inhibiting mast cell and eosinophil activation. PGE2 concentrations are reduced in AERD reflecting diminished expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2. IL-4 can inhibit basal and stimulated expression of COX-2 and microsomal PGE synthase 1 leading to decreased capacity for PGE2 secretion. Thus, IL-4 plays an important pathogenic role in generating the phenotype of AERD. This review will examine the evidence supporting this hypothesis and describe a model of how aspirin desensitization provides therapeutic benefit for AERD patients.
Positive and negative health behavior changes in cancer survivors: a stress and coping perspective

Cancer survivors often make health behavior changes in response to their increased risk for subsequent health problems. However, little is known about the mechanisms underlying these changes or whether they differ for positive and negative changes. This cross-sectional study applied a stress and coping model to examine both positive and negative health behavior changes in 250 middle-aged cancer survivors. A structural equation model showed that social support, sense of control over illness course, life meaning, and approach coping were related to positive health behavior changes; a lack of life meaning and avoidance coping were related to negative health behavior changes.
Using Tokens as Instructional Stimuli to Teach Academic Skills to Children during a Token-Exchange Period.

-In two separate studies, specialized tokens were employed as instructional materials to teach 12 colors to preschool children and 14 lettersounds to kindergarten children. These children were given initially 24 to 30 tokens and given an opportunity to "purchase" various items by recognizing the designated information on each token. Independent probe sessions showed attainment of high levels of recognition for both colors and sounds. Labeling of the instructional stimuli, although not explicitly trained, developed spontaneously. probably as a result of the children's hearing the labels during recognition training and using them in extra-classroom settings.
Life History and Ecology of Myotis austroriparius in Florida

Bats of the species Myotis austroriparius are remarkable for their disjunct distribution. The three races of this species are found in widely separated geographical areas which differ greatly in environmental conditions. Myotis a. mumfordi occurs in south-central Indiana (Rice, 1955 a ), in extreme southern Illinois (Smith and Parmalee, 1954), and in central Arkansas (Davis et al. , 1955); M. a. gatesi occurs in Louisiana (Lowery, 1943); and M. a. austroriparius occurs in Florida, Georgia, and Alabama. This wide distribution has offered an excellent opportunity to determine how behavior, social organization, and population dynamics have been modified to meet the varying ecology of this species. Virtually nothing has been published on the natural history of Myotis austroriparius . The present study was undertaken to determine the general features of the life history and ecology of these bats. The field work on which this report is based extended from February 1953 to June 1955. Besides shooting, mist-netting, and collecting in outside roosting sites, I visited every known cave colony of bats in Florida. In addition, data recorded by the Florida Speleological Society prior to this investigation were available to me. I have observed well over a million bats in the field, and have individually examined 13,169 for sex, age, reproductive condition, parasites, and other data. Numbered bands were placed on 2,751 bats, from which 706 returns, repeats and recoveries were obtained by the end of 1955. Acknowledgments .—I am indebted to the officers and members of the Florida Speleological Society, especially Robert B. Cumming, Richard Bennett, and Donald Martin, for their fine cooperation and assistance in the field. The following students and faculty members of the University of Florida Department of Biology have aided me in the field on numerous occasions: David K. Caldwell, Edwin H. McConkey, H. B. Sherman, Gerald E. …
Energy Effects in Collisional Neutralization with Organic Molecules

Neutralization-reionization of CH 3 OH +. , CH 3 NHi 2 +. and (CH 3 ) 2 NH +. ions was studied under conditions of exothermic and endothermic electron transfer and distributions of internal energy in the reionized ions were determined. The internal energy deposited on neutralization at kiloelectronvolt collision energies is governed by Franck-Condon effects for the systems under study, whereas the endothermic or exothermic energy balance in electron transfer from molecular targets has only a small effect on the high-energy fraction of the molecules formed. Electron transfer from low-lying molecular orbitals of the organic donor is suggested to occur during random orientations of the ion-molecule collision pair. The internal energy of the precursor ions to be neutralized has a large effect on the relative abundances of survivor ions in the spectra. Vertical recombination energies of CH 3 OH +. and CH 3 NH 2 +. are found by Gaussian-2 level calculations to differ substantially from vertical ionization energies of the corresponding neutral molecules. Franck-Condon effects are analyzed for the vibrational modes that are affected most by vertical electron transfer.
Usefulness of isometric hand grip exercise in detecting coronary artery disease during Dobutamine atropine stress echocardiography in patients with either stable angina pectoris or another type of positive stress test

Dobutamine atropine stress echocardiography (DASE) detects coronary artery disease (CAD) by increasing myocardial oxygen demand causing ischemia. The sensitivity of the test for detection of CAD is reduced in patients with submaximal stress. We hypothesized that increasing cardiac work load by adding isometric exercise would improve the detection of ischemia during DASE. We studied 31 patients, mean age 57+/-11 years, with angiographically documented CAD. Patients underwent DASE using incremental dobutamine doses from 5 to 40 microg/kg/min, followed by atropine if peak heart rate was <85% of predicted maximal. Hand grip was then performed for 2 minutes at 33% of maximal voluntary contraction, while dobutamine infusion was maintained at the peak dose. The addition of hand grip during dobutamine stress was associated with a significant increase in systolic blood pressure (143+/-21 vs 164+/-24 mm Hg, p = 0.001) and left ventricular end-systolic circumferential wall stress (72+/-30 x 10(3) dynes/cm2 vs 132+/-34 x 10(3) dynes/cm2, p = 0.004). Wall motion score index increased from 1.0 at rest to 1.15+/-0.18 with dobutamine (p = 0.0004 vs rest), and increased further to 1.29+/-0.22 with the addition of hand grip (p = 0.004 vs dobutamine). Ischemia was detected in 19 patients (62%) with dobutamine-atropine stress alone and in 25 (83%) after the addition of hand grip (p <0.05). The addition of hand grip during DASE is feasible, and improves the detection of myocardial ischemia.
A Parametric Analysis of the Thermal Shear Localization in Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication Films

Experiments and computer simulations have revealed some unusual results of elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) associated with a high degree of thermally induced inhomogeneous shear across the lubricant film, or thermal shear localization. The results include the development of a sizable film dimple in the central EHL region and a dramatic reduction in EHL traction. In this study, a theoretical analysis is carried out to determine the conditions under which the thermal shear localization may develop in EHL films. For a Newtonian lubricant obeying the Barus law of viscosity, a dimensionless group-parameter is identified that fully governs the degree of the thermal inhomogeneous shear. Results are presented that show the critical range of values of this parameter corresponding to the onset of the shear localization. The analysis is also extended to lubricants with non-Newtonian behavior Results suggest that the same dimensionless group-parameter may be used to measure the degree of the shear localization when the lubricant viscosity in the parameter is replaced by an effective viscosity that accounts for the non-Newtonian effect.
Index to plants collected on Howard Stansbury’s expedition to the Great Salt Lake, 1849–1850

Presented here is a synonymized list, including a list of types, of the plants collected on Howard Stansbury’s expedition to the Great Salt Lake, 1849–1850.
High-Performance Integrated Virtual Environment (HIVE) Tools and Applications for Big Data Analysis

The High-performance Integrated Virtual Environment (HIVE) is a high-throughput cloud-based infrastructure developed for the storage and analysis of genomic and associated biological data. HIVE consists of a web-accessible interface for authorized users to deposit, retrieve, share, annotate, compute and visualize Next-generation Sequencing (NGS) data in a scalable and highly efficient fashion. The platform contains a distributed storage library and a distributed computational powerhouse linked seamlessly. Resources available through the interface include algorithms, tools and applications developed exclusively for the HIVE platform, as well as commonly used external tools adapted to operate within the parallel architecture of the system. HIVE is composed of a flexible infrastructure, which allows for simple implementation of new algorithms and tools. Currently, available HIVE tools include sequence alignment and nucleotide variation profiling tools, metagenomic analyzers, phylogenetic tree-building tools using NGS data, clone discovery algorithms, and recombination analysis algorithms. In addition to tools, HIVE also provides knowledgebases that can be used in conjunction with the tools for NGS sequence and metadata analysis.
Compound Hypothesis for the Heavy Unstable Particles. II

The compound hypothesis for hyperons and heavy mesons is restated, modifying an earlier assumption on the isotopic spin of ${\ensuremath{\theta}}^{0}$. $\ensuremath{\theta}$ mesons and $\overline{\ensuremath{\theta}}$ mesons (antiparticles) are assumed to have isotopic spin $T=\frac{1}{2}$, as proposed by Gell-Mann. The total number of heavy mesons ($\ensuremath{\theta}$ mesons minus $\overline{\ensuremath{\theta}}$ mesons) is conserved in strong interactions (fast reactions). The fundamental reaction is thus pair creation of $\ensuremath{\theta}+\overline{\ensuremath{\theta}}$, with $\ensuremath{\theta}$ mesons free and $\overline{\ensuremath{\theta}}$ mesons either free or bound to nucleons ($\mathfrak{N}$). Hence $\mathfrak{N}+\overline{\ensuremath{\theta}}$ can form $T=0$ and $T=1$ multiplets which are identified with the ${\ensuremath{\Lambda}}^{0}$ singlet and the $\ensuremath{\Sigma}$ triplet, respectively. The facts known about hyperons, associated production, and interaction of heavy mesons with nucleons are consistent with our assumptions. A discussion of $T$-multiplets among hypernuclei is given. Some experiments which may throw new light on the compound hypothesis are discussed.
Being a Good Daughter and Sister Families of Origin in the Reentry of African American Female Ex-Prisoners

Family has long been central to our understandings of offending and desistance. However, in research on adult offenders or prisoners, the focus is more often on romantic partners, children, and peers than on families of origin. This article underscores the continuing importance of families of origin in the reentry and desistance processes of urban female African American former prisoners and probationers. The author demonstrates that these relationships play an important part in women’s identities, even when they often come into direct conflict with desistance efforts. Thus, these women must learn to balance sometimes-contradictory messages of their obligations within their family and their emerging identities as desisting former offenders.
Play deprivation without social isolation: Housing controls

Three experiments were conducted to control for the effects of housing conditions during play deprivation on subsequent play rebound in periadolescent rats. To address play deprivation without the confound of social isolation, in Experiment 1, pairs of subjects were housed either in cages divided by wire mesh that allowed for olfactory, visual, auditory, and tactile interactions with a same-sex age-mate but prevented rough and tumble play or in standard cages. Running wheels were provided to similarly housed subjects in Experiment 2 to control for the ability to engage in physical activity. In Experiment 3, standard and brooder cages were used to control for the effects of housing area. Play-deprived subjects in all conditions showed a greatly increased number of play responses immediately following deprivation. The results from these experiments more clearly indicate that the absence of play is the crucial feature that brings about play rebound following deprivation.
Transonic Flow Past a Wedge at Zero Angle of Attack

L'ecoulement stationnaire plan d'un gaz ideal, sans frottement ni conduction de chaleur autour d'un profil mince en losange a l'incidence nulle, a ete examine theoriquement a des vitesses legerement inferieures a celle du son.
Integrated MEMS optical flying head with lens positioning actuator for small form factor optical data storage

Abstract An integrated and miniaturized optical flying head (OFH) is presented for a small form factor with high-density portable optical data storage. It is composed of a high numerical aperture (NA) objective lens, a microlens actuator for adjusting the position of the objective lens, an integrated air-bearing-slider (ABS), and an embedded magnetic-field-modulation (MFM) coil for magneto-optical recording. To adjust the optimal focal length of the lens, a parallel-plate vertical actuator is adopted. In addition, the area-optimized torsion type H-shape spring is used for vertical actuation. The glass ABS structure and the double metal layer MFM coil are fabricated on a transparent substrate, bonded to the silicon actuator. The overall size of the integrated OFH, assembled with the high numerical aperture (NA=0.85) objective lens, is 3 mm ×1.6 mm ×0.5 mm (length×width×thickness), which makes it small enough to be furnished in a portable optical data storage device. A prototype of small optical drive is also developed to satisfy the form factor of PCMCIA type II. The prototype includes the integrated and miniaturized OFH and the basic operation of the drive is tested.
Acquired Horner Syndrome in a Mother and Daughter

A 41-year old right handed white woman woke up with a dull, pressure -like headache in the right orbit. While she was putting on her makeup, she noticed drooping of her right upper eye lid. Her headache did not interfere with her activities of daily living. She thought she was experiencing a “sinus headache”. She does not recall when her headache went away but denies taking any medications for it. She denied any other associated symptoms with this episode.One week following this episode, the patient experienced the “worst headache of her life” and went to the hospital for further evaluation. Her ophthalmologic and neurologic exams were normal except for a right Horner syndrome.The patient's evaluation included an MRI/MRA of the brain, a four vessel angiogram, a CT of the chest, and an MRI of the cervical and thoracic spine, all of which were normal. The mother of the patient had also developed a Horner syndrome at a similar age. Familial congenital Horner syndrome has been described in the literature. To ...
Galectin-1 Mediates Radiation-Related Lymphopenia and Attenuates NSCLC Radiation Response

Purpose: Radiotherapy can result in lymphopenia, which has been linked to poorer survival. Here, we test the hypothesis that radiotherapy-induced lymphopenia is mediated by a tumor-secreted factor, Galectin-1 (Gal-1), which possesses T-cell proapoptotic activities. Experimental Design: Matched Gal-1 wild-type (WT) or null mice were implanted with Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC-1) that either expressed Gal-1 or had Gal-1 stably downregulated. Tumors were irradiated locally and circulating Gal-1 and T cells were measured. Tumor growth, lung metastasis, intratumoral T-cell apoptosis, and microvessel density count were quantified. Thiodigalactoside (TDG), a Gal-1 inhibitor, was used to inhibit Gal-1 function in another group of mice to validate the observations noted with Gal-1 downregulation. Lymphocyte counts, survival, and plasma Gal-1 were analyzed in cohorts of radiotherapy-treated lung [non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)] and head and neck cancer patients. Results: LLC irradiation increased Gal-1 secretion and decreased circulating T cells in mice, regardless of host Gal-1 expression. Inhibition of tumor Gal-1 with either shRNA or thiodigalactoside ablated radiotherapy-induced lymphopenia. Irradiated shGal-1 tumors showed significantly less intratumoral CD8 + T-cell apoptosis and microvessel density, which led to marked tumor growth delay and reduced lung metastasis compared with controls. Similar observations were made after thiodigalactoside treatment. Radiotherapy-induced lymphopenia was associated with poorer overall survival in patients with NSCLC treated with hypofractionated radiotherapy. Plasma Gal-1 increased whereas T-cell decreased after radiation in another group of patients. Conclusions: Radiotherapy-related systemic lymphopenia appeared to be mediated by radiotherapy-induced tumor Gal-1 secretion that could lead to tumor progression through intratumoral immune suppression and enhanced angiogenesis. Clin Cancer Res; 20(21); 5558–69. ©2014 AACR .
Thermal infrared remote sensing for urban climate and environmental studies: Methods, applications, and trends

Abstract Thermal infrared (TIR) remote sensing techniques have been applied in urban climate and environmental studies, mainly for analyzing land surface temperature (LST) patterns and its relationship with surface characteristics, assessing urban heat island (UHI), and relating LSTs with surface energy fluxes to characterize landscape properties, patterns, and processes. This paper examines current practices, problems, and prospects in this particular field of study. The emphasis is placed in the summarization of methods, techniques, and applications of remotely sensed TIR data used in urban studies. In addition, some future research directions are outlined. This literature review suggests that the majority of previous research have focused on LST patterns and their relationships with urban surface biophysical characteristics, especially with vegetation indices and land use/cover types. Less attention has been paid to the derivation of UHI parameters from LST data and to the use of remote sensing techniques to estimate surface energy fluxes. Major recent advances include application of sub-pixel quantitative surface descriptors in examining LST patterns and dynamics, derivation of key UHI parameters based on parametric and non-parametric models, and integration of remotely sensed variables with in situ meteorological data for urban surface energy modeling. More research is needed in order to define better “urban surface” from the remote sensing viewpoint, to examine measurement and modeling scales, and to differentiate modeled and measured fluxes.
Seamless design-to-manufacture (SDTM)

Abstract This article presents a seamless design-to-manufacture (SDTM) methodology that can dramatically shorten design and manufacturing cycle times within the paradigm of concurrent engineering (CE). This article also identifies the need for a software-development environment that enables the creation of a set of software building blocks and their interconnection to form concurrent SDTM systems. The expert system generator (ESG) and the server network generator (SNG) combine to form such an environment. Two existing SDTM systems are described that demonstrate concept-to-manufactured-part in 48 hours for complex designs. They illustrate rapid design and manufacturing cycles that are feasible through the SDTM methodology.
Experimental chemotherapy of tuberculosis using single dose treatment with isoniazid in biodegradable polymers

In previous studies we showed that a single implant of polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) polymer as a film containing isoniazid ensured sustained release of the drug for up to 4 weeks. These studies have been extended to PLGA polymer as a rod which is retrievable. Both types of implant gave therapeutically active levels of free isoniazid in liver and urine for prolonged periods. We assessed the in vivo chemotherapeutic efficacy of the rod implant against heavy infections of virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis in C57Bl/6 mice. The chemotherapeutic data essentially confirmed the bioavailability data. In one chemotherapeutic study, one (7%) out of 15 mice which received the isoniazid polymer implant died within 30 days of bacterial challenge, while none of those receiving daily oral treatment died. In contrast, 14 (93%) of the 15 control mice died during the same period. In a second study similar results were obtained.
Lymphoproliferative Disorder Involving the Cervix in a Patient Being Treated with FK-506

FK-506 is an immunosuppressive agent used mainly to prevent allograft rejection in organ transplant patients. Recently, it has been applied as a treatment for patients with autoimmune disorders. An entity called posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) is a well-recognized result of immunosuppression in transplant patients receiving long-term immunosuppression. This disorder is a complication of treatment with FK-506 in 0.7 to 1.6% of transplant patients and is usually of B-cell origin. A majority of patients have serologic evidence of EBV infection. We report a case of a patient receiving long-term FK-506 therapy for multiple sclerosis who developed lymphoproliferative disorder involving the cervix. We will discuss the possible role of FK-506 initiation of this tumor.
A direct proof of purification for Schmeidler's theorem

Abstract A direct and elementary proof of purification for a finite version of a nonatomic game is provided.
Adaptive optics Lorentzian point spread function

A Lorentzian shaped point spread function (PSF) for adaptive optics is demonstrated. In some cases, a Lorentz atop an Airy pattern is a better description of the PSF. If the object can also be described with an analytic function, then Parametric Blind Deconvolution can be applied as a self referencing method to extract information about both the object and PSF simultaneously. The technique is used to derive the triaxial shape and rotational pole of the asteroid Vesta from observations made on the night of October 18, 1997, marking the first time the high order loop was closed for science with the Starfire Optical Range 's 3.5m telescope.
Purification and Characterization of Thermostable Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase of Bacillus stearothermophilus JTS 859

A thermostable purine nucleoside phosphorylase has been purified more than 800-fold from Bacillus stearothermophilus JTS 859. The enzyme had a molecular weight of 68,000 consisting of 2 identical subunits (A/w, 34,000). The isoelectric point of the enzyme was 4.7. The enzyme did not contain cysteine. The optimal pH of the enzyme reaction was from 7.5 to 11.0. The Michaelis constants for inosine, guanosine, 2′-deoxyinosine, and 2′-deoxyguanosine were 0.22, 0.14, 0.20, and 0.10mM, respectively. The optimal temperature of the reaction was 80 C. The half-life of the enzyme was 16 hr in 20mM potassium phosphate and ImM inosine (pH 7.0) at 80°C, and no decrease of the enzyme activity was observed at least for the first 30 hr at 70°C.
Matrix-assisted laser desorption fourier transform mass spectrometry for the structural examination of modified nucleic acid constituents

Laser desorption Fourier transform mass spectrometry (LDFTMS) can be used for the structural characterization of modified nucleic acid constituents. Laser desorption of these polar non-volatile compounds generates characteristic negative ions including abundant (M—H)− ions in most cases. The accurate mass measurement and ion manipulation techniques available with FTMS provide detailed structural information for the identification of modified nucleic acid constituents such as amino-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon adducts of guanine at the isomeric level. Matrix-assisted laser desorption was required for the generation of abundant (M—H)− ions as well as fragment ions of modified nucleotides and oligonucleotides. Examination of fragment ions from these compounds provided not only adduct identification and location but also sequence information and isomeric differentiation for most small oligonucleotides. In order to investigate the application of this instrumental technique to larger oligonucleotides, experiments were designed to examine the kinetic energy distributions of ions generated by matrix-assisted laser desorption and to evaluate methods of improving the trapping efficiencies. Initial experiments indicated that ions at m/z < 600 have kinetic energies less than 5eV; however, the use of simple retarding fields did not significantly affect trapping efficiencies, implying that the space-charged ion could generated by matrix-assisted laser desorption was relatively unaffected by small retarding fields (less than 10 V)
Licensing Information: Where Can We Go From Here?

Modification possible de l'etat actuel: amelioration de la licence ou du moins evolution de l'environnement electronique vers une structure similaire a celle des publications imprimees
Infrared molecular binding spectroscopy realized in sorbent coated microfabricated devices

Sorbent materials are utilized in a range of analytical applications including coatings for preconcentrator devices, chromatography stationary phases, and as thin film transducer coatings used to concentrate analyte molecules of interest for detection. In this work we emphasize the use of sorbent materials to target absorption of analyte vapors and examine their molecular interaction with the sorbent by optically probing it with infrared (IR) light. The complex spectral changes which may occur during molecular binding of specific vapors to target sites in a sorbent can significantly aid in analyte detection. In this work a custom hydrogen-bond (HB) acidic polymer, HCSFA2, was used as the sorbent. HCSFA2 exhibits a high affinity for hazardous vapors with hydrogen-bond (HB) basic properties such as the G-nerve agents. Using bench top ATR-FTIR spectroscopy the HFIP hydroxyl stretching frequency has been observed in the mid wave infrared (MWIR) to shift by up to 700 wavenumbers when exposed to a strong HB base. The amount of shift is related to the HB basicity of the vapor. In addition, the large analyte polymer-gas partition coefficients sufficiently concentrate the analyte in the sorbent coating to allow spectral features of the analyte to be observed in the MWIR and long wave infrared (LWIR) while it is sorbed to HCSFA2. These spectral changes, induced by analyte-sorbent molecular binding, provide a rich signal feature space to consider selective detection of a wide range of chemical species as single components or complex mixtures. In addition, we demonstrate an HCSFA2 coated microbridge structure and micromechanical photothermal spectroscopy to monitor spectral changes when a vapor sorbs to HCSFA2. Example ATR-FTIR and microbridge spectra with exposures to dimethylmethylphosphonate (DMMP – G nerve agent simulant) and other vapors are compared. In a generic form we illustrate the concept of this work in Figure 1. The results of this work provide the potential to consider compact detection systems with high detection fidelity.
Numerical simulation of dual-species biofilms in porous media

There are bacteria that can form strong biofilms in porous media. The biofilms can be used as biobarriers to restrict the flow of pollutants. If a second species of bacteria that can actually react with the contaminants is added to the biobarrier, the result is a much more effective way of controlling the pollutants. We propose a mathematical model for the formation of these biobarriers and numerically solve the resulting equations for the flow, transport and reactions. Qualitative comparisons with some experimental results are also given.
Precise molecular weight distributions of high polymers by semiautomatic solvent extraction

It has been found practical to fractionate relatively monodisperse polystyrenes of molecular weights up to 4 × 106 by using a semiautomatic solvent extraction procedure. The fractionators consist of flow-through mixing chambers provided with settling regions for the removal of finely suspended solid material. Provision is made for accurate control of both temperature and solvent–nonsolvent ratio. Two such apparatus, operated in tandem, were used in the present work; in principle, several more stages could be employed if desired for most polymer systems. Results on polystyrenes prepared in well defined ways appear to be in good agreement with predicted distributions. Applicability to other polymer systems is discussed.
Data delivery system for MAPPER using image compression

The data delivery throughput of electron beam lithography systems can be improved by applying lossless image compression to the layout image and using an electron beam writer that can decode the compressed image on-the-fly. In earlier research we introduced the lossless layout image compression algorithm Corner2, which assumes a somewhat idealized writing strategy, namely row-by-row with a raster order. The MAPPER system has electron beam writers positioned in a lattice formation and each electron beam writer writes a designated block in a zig-zag order. We introduce Corner2-MEB, which redesigns Corner2 for MAPPER systems.
ABSCOPAL EFFECTS AND BONE-MARROW REPOPULATION IN MAN AND MOUSE.

The phenomenon of rapid repopulation of bone marrow in x-irradiated mice was studied by applying fractional highlevel irradiation to local sites. Repetitive irradiation to one extremity with doses totaling 4000 and 10,000 r resulted in rapid recovery of the bone marrow. It is suggested that the constant circulation of bone-marrow elements in the mouse may account for the abscopal effects of x irradiation. DNA and DNase assay indicate that population shift may play a role in the biochemical effect, in that cells that may readily be washed out of the spleen by perfusion contain approximately one-third as much DNase as the average of the spleen as a whole. That the cells that can be washed out readily by perfusion are also the cells that circulate normally and are responsible for post-irradiation survival, is indicated by experirnents on splenectomized mice given 800-r whole-body irradiation. Defects of the population shift mechanism are discussed. (H.M.G.)
A new local basis for designing with tensioned splines

Recently there has been a great deal of interest in the use of “tension” parameters to augment control mesh vertices as design handles for piecewise polynomials. A particular local cubic basis called B-splines, which has been termed a “generalization of B-splines, v has been proposed as an appropriate basis. These functions are defined only for floating knot sequences. This paper uses the known property of B-splines that with appropriate knot vectors span what are called here spaces of tensioned splines, and that particular combinations of them, called LT-splines, form bases for the spaces of tensioned splines. In addition, this paper shows that these new proposed bases have the variation diminishing property, the convex hull property, and straightforward knot insertion algorithms, and that both curves and individual basis functions can be easily computed. Sometimes it is desirable to interpolate points and also use these tension parameters, so interpolation methods using the LT-spline bases are presented. Finally, the above properties are established for uniform and nonuniform knot vectors, open and floating end conditions, and homogeneous and nonhomogeneous tension parameter pairs.
Depression in Children and Adolescents.

During the past 20 years, depression has been recognized widely in children and adolescents. However, even with what is known today about depression, many children and adolescents remain undiagnosed. Early recognition is imperative to prevent further episodes that may continue into adulthood. Depression in children and adolescents affects social development, academic performance, and ultimately, success as an adult. This article describes risk factors for depression, diagnostic criteria, medications, psychosocial interventions, and implications for school nursing practice.
Uptake of 86Rb and K by Excised Maize Roots

Radioactive isotopes are valuable tools for investigating the uptake and transport of ions by biological material. Their use as tracers provide results that often can be obtained only by such a technique. The reliability of isotopes as tracers, however, is sometimes implicitly accepted. Although the pitfalls are widely known, they are often ignored. The hazards were emphasized for us in the use of 88Rb as a tracer for K and Rb in short-term uptake studies with excised maize roots. We found that analysis for 86Rb did not properly evaluate the uptake of K from KCl solutions. While 86Rb was readily taken up from solutions of 0.1 meq KCl per liter during 4-hr treatment periods, chemical analyses showed a net loss of K from the tissue. The term "uptake" is used here to indicate the net movement of an ion itto the tissue during a given treatment. It is the resultant of both influx and efflux. Seedlings of Zea mays L., (cv. DeKallb 441) were dark grown for 5 days at 250 over aerated solutions of 0.2 mm CaSO4. Six-centimeter end segments were cut from the primary roots and rinsed in distilled-deionized water. After blotting to remove excess water, 2-gram lots were placed in 2 liters of KCI and/or RbCl treatment solutions labeled with approximately 1 ,uc 86Rb per p.eq 'monovalent cation. Specific activities of the solutions were measured at the beginning and end of an experiment. No detectable change occurred. The solutions were aerated continuously and were maintained at 240. The initial pH of 5.5 varied less than 0.05 unit during the absorption period. Treatments were terminated by removing the roots from the solutions and rinsing for 30 sec in 1 liter of distilled-deionized water. After ashing the roots at 4800, the residue was dissolved in a 5 ml mixture of 0.4 N HNO3 and 40 % (v/v) acetic acid. Chemical analyses for K and Rb were made by atomic absorption spectroscopy. The radioanalyses of the anmbient solution and the ashed samples were made by solid scintillation detection.
A Pilot Study of Oral-Motor Dysfunction in “At-Risk” Infants

The purposes of this pilot study were to devise a neonatal oral-motor assessment scale (NOMAS), and to correlate oral-motor function with feeding histories, perinatal-neonatal complications, neurologic status, and polygraphic recording of sucking. The methods used to study the at-risk infants were polygraphic amplification and recording of intra-oral pressure waves; scoring of sucking behavior with the NOMAS occurred concurrently with instrumental measurement. Both non-nutritive (NNS) and nutritive sucking (NS) modes were tested. Oral-motor performance tended to be disorganized or dysfunctional in infants with intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and asphyxia neonatorum. Those infants with brain insults (IVH, hydrancephaly) showed slower sucking rates in NNS, and the degree of slowing of the rate when switched to NS was less in these higher-risk infants. The polygraphic data did not, however, distinguish those same infants who had abnormal NOMAS scores. Oral-motor dysfunction was identified only from 40 week...