cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
USE OF BOREHOLE-RADAR METHODS TO MONITOR THE MOVEMENT OF A SALINE TRACER IN CARBONATE ROCK AT BELVIDERE, ILLINOIS

Common-depth (CD) radar surveys and cross-hole radar tomography methods were used to monitor the movement of a saline tracer in a dual-porosity dolomite aquifer at Belvidere, Illinois. The tracer test was conducted using an array of six open-hole bedrock wells at the Parson’s Casket Hardware Superfund site. The injection and recovery boreholes were about 20 m (meters) apart, and the imaging boreholes were arranged to provide planar coverage across and along the anticipated tracer path. A hydraulically conductive zone identified during previous investigations was isolated using straddle packers and pumped to establish a hydraulic gradient between the injection and recovery wells. A sodium chloride (NaCl) solution was continuously injected into this zone to move the tracer across the tomographic image plane. CD cross-hole radar surveys and cross-hole tomography surveys were conducted before and periodically during the tracer injection. Background tomograms contain similar radar velocity and attenuation changes with depth, consistent with a layered dolomite that has variable porosity and electrical conductivity. Slow changes in attenuation associated with low tracer velocity permitted the acquisition of multiple CD surveys and two cross-hole tomography surveys during injection. CD surveys were used to rapidly identify the presence of tracer between wells. Attenuation-difference tomograms contain attenuation increases that delineate the spatial distribution with time of the saline tracer and show the progressive movement of the tracer within the tomographic image plane. Formation porosity and resistivities calculated from radar velocity and attenuation tomograms were used to estimate changes in fluid resistivity and tracer concentration in the tomographic image plane.
Modulated pulse power sputtered chromium coatings

article i nfo Available online 6 October 2009 Cr coatings were deposited using continuous dc magnetron sputtering (dcMS) and modulated pulse power sputtering (MPP) techniques in a closed field unbalanced magnetron sputtering system at equivalent average target powers. It was found that MPP sputtering exhibited higher deposition rates than in dcMS when the average target power density was above 14 W cm �2 for the Cr coating depositions. Plasma diagnostics confirmed a significant increase in the numbers of both target material (Cr) and gas (Ar) ions in the MPP plasma as compared to the dc plasma. The substrate peak current densities measured in the MPP depositions (104-324 mA cm �2 ) have been increased by over a factor of 50 to those in the dcMS conditions (2-5.5 mA cm �2 ). The enhanced ion flux bombardment from the highly ionized MPP plasma led to the formation of denser microstructure and finer grain size in the MPP Cr coatings than in the dcMS Cr coatings. In addition, MPP sputtered Cr coatings exhibited improved hardness and adhesion. Published by Elsevier B.V.
Aversive Learning Enhances Perceptual and Cortical Discrimination of Indiscriminable Odor Cues

Learning to associate sensory cues with threats is critical for minimizing aversive experience. The ecological benefit of associative learning relies on accurate perception of predictive cues, but how aversive learning enhances perceptual acuity of sensory signals, particularly in humans, is unclear. We combined multivariate functional magnetic resonance imaging with olfactory psychophysics to show that initially indistinguishable odor enantiomers (mirror-image molecules) become discriminable after aversive conditioning, paralleling the spatial divergence of ensemble activity patterns in primary olfactory (piriform) cortex. Our findings indicate that aversive learning induces piriform plasticity with corresponding gains in odor enantiomer discrimination, underscoring the capacity of fear conditioning to update perceptual representation of predictive cues, over and above its well-recognized role in the acquisition of conditioned responses. That completely indiscriminable sensations can be transformed into discriminable percepts further accentuates the potency of associative learning to enhance sensory cue perception and support adaptive behavior.
Structural dissection of the extracellular moieties of the type III secretion apparatus.

Many Gram-negative bacterial pathogens use type III secretion systems (TTSSs) for subverting the normal cellular functions of their target eukaryotic cells. The type III secretion apparatus (TTSA) functions like a syringe to inject proteins through an external needle and into a target cell’s membrane and cytosol. The TTSA basal body spans the bacterial inner and outer membranes, and the external needle is topped with a tip complex that controls the secretion and delivery of translocator and effectorproteins. Recently solved structures of TTSAproteins have greatly advanced our understanding of shared themes in apparatus assembly and function. In this highlight, the structure–function of TTSA needle and tip complex proteins are described and common themes discussed.
Estimation of Linkage and Association from Allele Transmission Data

Summary The TDT provides a hypothesis test for the presence of linkage or association (linkage disequilibrium). However, since the TDT is a single test statistic, it cannot be used to separate association and linkage. The importance of this difficulty, following a significant TDT result, has been recently emphasized by Whittaker, Denham and Morris (2000), who alert the community to the possibility that a significant TDT may result from loose linkage and strong association, or from tight linkage and weak association. To attack this problem we start with the parametric model for family-based allele transmission data of Sham and Curtis (1995) (or Sham (1998)) and find that the parameters in the model are not always identifiable. So we introduce a reparameterization that resolves the identifiability issues and leads to a valid likelihood ratio (LR) test for linkage. Since the linkage and association parameters are both of interest, we next introduce and apply an integrated likelihood (IL) approach to provide separate point estimates and confidence intervals for these parameters. The estimates are shown to have generally small bias and mean square error, while the confidence intervals have good average length and coverage probabilities. We compare the power of the IL approach for testing linkage and, separately association, with the TDT and LR.
New Procedures for Analyzing Relational Communication

The purpose of this paper is to present a system for describing and indexing patterns of communication at the relational level, primarily in dyadic systems. Relational communication refers to the control aspects of message exchanges that define an interactor's relationships with others. The reciprocal definition of each individual's role at a given moment in the interaction is reflected in the relative control each individual has and/or is given by the other individual. The control-defining aspects of communication, rather than other information such communication may convey, is the focus of the coding system to be described. Further, the analysis deals with sequences of messages rather than individual messages, and attempts to index the control dimensions of those messages according to their similarity or difference. While previous interaction analysis techniques have been predominantly monadic in nature, i.e., single-message coding schemes, the present approach is based on a systems level of analysis.1
A SKETCH OF AFITTI PHONOLOGY

Political conflict in the Sudan and the spread of Arabic are threatening Afitti, a North Eastern Sudanic language that has received relatively little scholarly attention. In addition to presenting original data on the language, this paper shows that Afitti is markedly different from Nyimang, its nearest linguistic neighbor, in respect to the absence of a third tone, the lack of a contrast between dentals and alveolars, the absence of distinctive vowel length, and its limited labialization.
Opioids induce convulsions and wet dog shakes in rats: mediation by hippocampal mu, but not delta or kappa opioid receptors.

The opioid receptor subtypes and brain regions involved in eliciting convulsions and wet dog shakes (WDS) were studied by testing different opioid receptor selective agonists in unanesthetized rats. Selective mu agonists, [NMe-Phe3-D-Pro4]-morphiceptin (PL017) and [D-Ala2-N-methyl- Phe3-Gly5-ol]-enkephalin, induced convulsions and WDS when unilaterally injected into the ventral hippocampus. [D-Ala2,D-Leu5]-enkephalin (DADLE), a mixed mu and delta agonist, also elicited such behavioral changes, but its effect was less potent than the selective mu agonists. DADLE-induced WDS were dose dependent, and both convulsions and WDS were antagonized by the irreversible mu receptor antagonist, beta- funaltrexamine, but not by the selective delta receptor antagonist, ICI- 174,864. Treatment with the selective delta agonist [D-Pen2,5]- enkephalin or the selective kappa agonists U-50,488H, dynorphin-A amide, or dynorphin-A(1–8) did not produce convulsions or WDS. The injection of a high dose of PL017 intraventricularly or into other brain regions such as the dorsal hippocampus, frontal cortex, striatum, and amygdala did not produce convulsions or WDS, therefore suggesting the ventral hippocampus is an important site for the expression of opioid-induced convulsions and WDS. These results suggest that opioid- induced convulsions and WDS are mediated exclusively by mu but not delta or kappa opioid receptors in the ventral hippocampus.
Recapitulation of the Main Afro-Asian Contributions

In attempting to recapitulate the main contributions made by the Afro-Asian States to the broad interpretation of the U.N. Charter’s concept of dealing with NSGTs, it should be stated, from the outset, that most of these States had experienced colonial rule in one form or another. The Second World War dealt colonialism a shattering blow which undermined colonial regimes in Africa and Asia, eliminated the principal motives of colonialism, destroyed the myth of white supremacy and enabled national Afro-Asian leaders to fill power vacuums in the vast continents. Furthermore, the War brought to a stand-still the Mandate System of the League of Nations which had represented a measure of internationalizing the colonial problem.
Fluorescence guided lymph node biopsy in large animals using direct image projection device

The use of fluorescence imaging for aiding oncologic surgery is a fast growing field in biomedical imaging, revolutionizing open and minimally invasive surgery practices. We have designed, constructed, and tested a system for fluorescence image acquisition and direct display on the surgical field for fluorescence guided surgery. The system uses a near-infrared sensitive CMOS camera for image acquisition, a near-infra LED light source for excitation, and DLP digital projector for projection of fluorescence image data onto the operating field in real time. Instrument control was implemented in Matlab for image capture, processing of acquired data and alignment of image parameters with the projected pattern. Accuracy of alignment was evaluated statistically to demonstrate sensitivity to small objects and alignment throughout the imaging field. After verification of accurate alignment, feasibility for clinical application was demonstrated in large animal models of sentinel lymph node biopsy. Indocyanine green was injected subcutaneously in Yorkshire pigs at various locations to model sentinel lymph node biopsy in gynecologic cancers, head and neck cancer, and melanoma. Fluorescence was detected by the camera system during operations and projected onto the imaging field, accurately identifying tissues containing the fluorescent tracer at up to 15 frames per second. Fluorescence information was projected as binary green regions after thresholding and denoising raw intensity data. Promising results with this initial clinical scale prototype provided encouraging results for the feasibility of optical projection of acquired luminescence during open oncologic surgeries.
A role of the adaptive immune system in glucose homeostasis

Objective The immune system, including the adaptive immune response, has recently been recognized as having a significant role in diet-induced insulin resistance. In this study, we aimed to determine if the adaptive immune system also functions in maintaining physiological glucose homeostasis in the absence of diet-induced disease. Research design and methods SCID mice and immunocompetent control animals were phenotypically assessed for variations in metabolic parameters and cytokine profiles. Additionally, the glucose tolerance of SCID and immunocompetent control animals was assessed following introduction of a high-fat diet. Results SCID mice on a normal chow diet were significantly insulin resistant relative to control animals despite having less fat mass. This was associated with a significant increase in the innate immunity-stimulating cytokines granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP1), and MCP3. Additionally, the SCID mouse phenotype was exacerbated in response to a high-fat diet as evidenced by the further significant progression of glucose intolerance. Conclusions These results support the notion that the adaptive immune system plays a fundamental biological role in glucose homeostasis, and that the absence of functional B and T cells results in disruption in the concentrations of various cytokines associated with macrophage proliferation and recruitment. Additionally, the absence of functional B and T cells is not protective against diet-induced pathology.
An integrated model for guiding the selection of treatment components for problem behavior maintained by automatic reinforcement

We evaluated the usefulness of 2 assessments to guide treatment selection for individuals whose prior functional analysis indicated that automatic reinforcement maintained their problem behavior. In the 1st assessment, we compared levels of problem behavior during a noncontingent play condition and an alone or ignore condition. In the 2nd, we assessed participants' relative preferences for automatic reinforcement and social reinforcers in a concurrent-operants arrangement. We used the results of these 2 assessments to assign 5 participants to a treatment based on noncontingent access to social reinforcers or to a treatment based on differential access to social reinforcers. We conducted monthly probes with the participants over 10 to 12 months to evaluate the effects of the treatment procedures. All participants showed reductions in problem behavior over this period.
Antimicrobial Functions on Cellulose Materials Introduced by Anthraquinone Vat Dyes

Many anthraquinone compounds have exhibited light-active properties in solutions and on materials under UVA or fluorescent light exposure. Two anthraquinone derivatives were incorporated onto cotton fabrics by a vat dyeing process. The dyed fabrics demonstrated light-induced biocidal functions, and the functions were durable against laundering and long-term light exposure. The structures and surface morphologies of the dyed fabrics were examined by using fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Mechanical properties of the fabrics were measured by using a tensile tester. The results revealed that the anthraquinone compounds have different light-activities, resulting in different surface and mechanical impacts on the cotton cellulose.
The Problem of the Compulsory Jurisdiction of the World Court

It can be argued that with regard to the paramount problem of the twentieth century, the establishment of effective international institutions for the achievement of peace and justice, the development of perhaps the most far-reaching significance has occurred in the judicial field.
Seasonal Dispersion Pattern of Liriomyza trifolii (Diptera: Agromyzidae) Infesting Bell Pepper

Dispersion indices were calculated for larval populations of Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) infesting bell peppers in a 0.4-ha field. These included the variance/mean ratio ( s 2/ m ), mean crowding ( m* ), Green's coefficient ( Cx ), the regression of m* on m , and the regression of log s 2 on log m . Regular distributions were occasionally observed for larvae during the initial ⅓ of each growing season. Early season plants were small and larval population densities per plant were <1.0. Aggregation, with some tendency toward randomness, was noted during most other portions of each season. Aggregation was best verified with seasonal regressions of m* on m and log s 2 on log m . Most values of Cx were nearly equal to 0.0, which suggested a tendency toward randomness. Cx was found to be independent of mean leafminer larvae population density and was considered a most reliable dispersion index.
Race and colorectal cancer screening compliance among persons with a family history of cancer.

Race and colorectal cancer screening compliance among persons with a family history of cancer
Metal Emissivity Forecasting Model Based on SVM

For the characteristics of metal atoms,metal emissivity forecasting model based on support vector machine(SVM) is put forward.The characteristics of atom,such as atomic weight,radius,first ionization potentials,electronegativities are analyzed.The penalty and polynomial kernel function are chosen.Making use of definite training sample,metal emissivity forecasting model based on SVM is established.Model is validated by the case involving two testing samples.The result shows the validity of the method.
Influence of Rat Intestinal Hydrolase on Dispose of Flavonoids in Herb Epimedii

OBJECTIVE To study the influence of rat intestinal hydrolase on the d ispose of flavonoids(icariin,epimedin A,epimedin B,epimedin C)in Herb Epimedii.METHODS Using the rat intestinal perfusion model,the contents of the four flavonoids in perfusates were measured by HPLC and the permeability coefficients of different intestinal segments were calculated.RESULTS After adding LPH(lactasc phlorizin hydrolase)inhibitor gluconolactone,the permeabilities of 4 flavonoid compounds decreased in different intestinal segments,and their hydrolysis inhibition ratios in duodenum,jejunum,ileum,and colon according to the sequence were as follows:icariin,62%,50%,40% and 46%;epimedin A,55%,26%,21% and 14%;epimedin B,42%,40%,74% and 22%;epimedin C,42%,40%,52% and 35%,respectively.CONCLUSION The inhibitior of LPH could inhibit the hydrolysis of icariin and epimedin A,B and C.The lactasc phlorizin hydrolase might involve in the dispose of the flavonoids in Herb Epimedii in intestines.
Ageing in Africa by Nana Araba Apt

It is encouraging to see that a major organization such as the World Health Organization continues to strengthen its capacity to understand the phenomenon of ageing in the developing world, particularly in Africa. Dr Nana Apt prepared the background report, titled Ageing in Africa, for the WHO’s Ageing and Health Programme. Apt is an appropriate person to have written this report: she is a leading researcher on ageing in Africa and an important promotor of African ageing issues - particularly in her capacity and leadership role as the President of the African Gerontological Society (AGES International). The report is composed ofsix parts, as follows: Conceptual considerations; demographic change; the economic context; the social-cultural context; priority areas for action; and suggested policy actions. Apt’s purpose is to examine the ageing experience in Africa, particularly in the African modem environment, which includes changing values, attitudes and behaviour of societies as they experience population ageing and its implications forthe elderly. The modern environment is also contrasted with the traditional experience of African value systems.
Crowdsourcing and Brand Control

Abstract Crowdsourcing is the deliberate use of crowds to solve problems, create new products, and improve consumer experiences. When used by brands, crowdsourcing engages consumers by asking them to be part of a deliberate call to action. Crowdsourcing provides interesting and dynamic marketing opportunities for brands, given the consumer engagement it entails. This conceptual study examines the literature on crowdsourcing and brand community, and makes a series of propositions regarding this rich marketing arena. Herein, we discuss managerial implications of the relationship between crowdsourcing and brand community dynamics and propose a typology for brands to better assess customer bases and market realities.
Correlates of Continued Alcohol Consumption During Pregnancy: Implications for Health Promotion

Purpose: Too many women continue to drink alcohol during recognized pregnancy. This purpose of this study was to explore factors related to alcohol use during pregnancy. Design: Data came from reviews of charts from women that called the California Teratogen Information Service (CTIS) at some point during the time period from 1981 and 2006 and enrolled in a pregnancy outcome study. Subjects: Approximately 40% of the 181 women in the study sample were 25 years of age and younger, and most women had not previously given birth (61.3%). Measures: Chart extraction data included whether or not women discontinued alcohol consumption at anytime during pregnancy, at what point in their pregnancy they first contacted CTIS, and other demographic information. Results: Approximately 20% of women continued to drink alcohol throughout pregnancy and 37.6% contacted CTIS after the first trimester. Initiating contact with CTIS after the first trimester (p < .01) and being older than 25 years of age (p < .05) were both associated with continued drinking throughout pregnancy. Conclusion: Older women, still of reproductive age, may benefit most from health promotion interventions that focus on alcohol consumption during pregnancy.
Conclusion: Troubling Coercion and Consent—Everydayness, Ideology, and Effect in German and Italian Fascism

In order to understand the meanings of politics at the level of the state or the national polity, historians need to focus on more than just aggregate results and broad effects or the workings of institutional politics in organized public life. Such inquiry also requires innovative, highly focused, imaginative scrutiny of events, spaces, and individual lives if the impact and limits of state policies are to be understood. This chapter considers approaches to Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy within a broader and longer historiographical context going back to the 1960s and 1970s. It examines first how “society” became a discreet category of investigation, separate from “politics,” and then how “society” and “politics” became merged together again under the auspices of especially microhistory and the history of everyday life. Alltagsgeschichte can help illuminate how Fascist and Nazi ideas, both through coercion and more insidious means, permeated and shaped all aspects of the everyday, from sociability and common belonging through pedagogy to welfare and governmentality.
[Withdrawn] Avoid Setup: Insights and Implications of Generative Cinema

The Editorial Board of the Journal of Science and Technology of the Arts (CITARJ) has decided to formally withdraw the article “Avoid Setup: Insights and Implications of Generative Cinema", by Dejan Grba. After investigation, we have concluded that this article is substantially similar to previous publications by the same author: - Grba, D. (2016). AVOID SETUP Insights and Implications of Generative Cinema. Retrieved from http://dejangrba.dyndns.org/lectures/en/2016-avoid-setup.pdf - Grba, D. (2016). Avoid Setup: Insights and Implications of Generative Cinema. In R. Bogdanovic (Ed.), Going Digital: Innovation in Art, Architecture, Science, and Technology - Conference Proceedings. Strand. - Grba, D. (2016). AVOID SETUP: INSIGHTS AND IMPLICATIONS OF GENERATIVE CINEMA. In C. Soddu & E. Colabella (Eds.), Generative Art 2016 - Proceedings of XIX Generative Art conference.
A Novel Hands-Free Abdominal Compression Device for Colonoscopy Significantly Decreases Cecal Intubation Time: A Prospective Single-Blinded Pilot Study.

Abstract Background: Colonoscopy outcome is limited by endoscope looping, which leads to patient discomfort, prolonged procedure, and increased sedation requirement. Traditional manual abdominal pressure is imprecise and manually intensive. A hands-free abdominal compression device (ACD) may improve colonoscopy outcome. We aimed to assess the effect of a novel ACD on colonoscopy outcomes compared to manual pressure. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective single-blinded study of patients undergoing outpatient colonoscopy. The ACD (N-Doe Pillow™) was applied on 50 consecutive patients. Endoscopists were blinded to device usage. Control cases using manual pressure were randomly selected in a 2:1 manner. Primary outcome was cecal intubation time. Secondary outcomes included sedation requirement and complications. Subgroup analyses evaluated ACD effect on endoscopists with different experiences and patients at higher risk of difficult colonoscopy. Fisher's exact and Student's t-tests were performed for ...
The Creation of Education by Hispanic Women

This paper examines the experience of Hispanic females in the public school in relation to how alternative learning, which takes place outside of classroom activities and discussions, generates a distinct method by which to gain an education. Four major frameworks utilized in discussing minority participation in education are presented and a focus on gender differences in education is submitted. This is followed by information obtained through an in-depth interview process. Analysis of the information shows the failure to account for differentiation between male and female Hispanics presents an assimilationist posturing of research. By placing race/ethnicity, class, and gender on equal footing in research, the institution of education may learn to adapt itself to the unique process of becoming educated which has been developed by Hispanas.
About an A-Mazing Rubem Alves

Este artigo introduz Rubem Alves em dois momentos: um primeiro como academico e o segundo como poeta, escritor de contos e historias infantis. Em seguida, o artigo continua apresentando alguns dos principais temas no trabalho segundo de Alves atraves da analise dos capitulos deste dossie. Os autores deste dossie mostram de maneira cativante muitos dos temas centrais do pensamento de Alves, como a beleza, a perda, saudades e poesia, e expandem seu pensamento atraves de varias correlacoes, seja de conceitos ou com outros autores. O que este artigo faz e oferecer uma avaliacao critica dessas analises e do proprio trabalho de Alves.
Optimal design and operations of a flexible oxyfuel natural gas plant

Abstract We co-optimize the design and operations of a flexible semi-closed oxygen-combustion combined cycle (SCOC-CC) carbon capture plant under time-varying electricity prices. The system consists of a cryogenic air separation unit, liquid oxygen storage, a gas turbine, a heat-recovery steam generator, and a steam turbine. The gas turbine is modeled allowing part-load operation. Computational optimization is used to maximize net present value (NPV) in order to examine the potential benefits achievable through upfront investments in increased flexibility (i.e., allowing price arbitrage between times of low and high price). Case studies of Germany and California are examined. Flexible SCOC-CC systems are not profitable in either region under current electricity prices. With electricity prices ≈ 2 times current prices, we find systems with positive NPVs. Oxygen storage is used in days with extreme price variability. Optimal designs favor constant operation, without over- or under-sizing system components and without additional oxygen storage. Sensitivity analyses show that external factors such as mean electricity price ( ± 200%), natural gas price ( ± 150%), and nominal discount rate ( ± 50%) have the strongest effect on NPV. Electricity price variability, which is thought to increase with increased penetration of renewables, does not strongly impact system design and profitability.
Vitamin D, Calcium, and the Epidermis

Abstract The major cell of the epidermis is the keratinocyte. Its proliferation and differentiation are regulated by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) and calcium acting through their respective receptors, the vitamin D receptor (VDR) and the calcium-sensing receptor. The keratinocyte makes its own 1,25(OH)2D from the vitamin D produced in the skin. The epidermis maintains a steep calcium gradient with highest concentration in the stratum granulosum. VDR and CYP27B1 have their highest expression in the stratum basale. Calcium and 1,25(OH)2D have overlapping and generally synergistic effects on keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation. Control of the different stages of differentiation is mediated in part via the differential distribution of coactivators. In the absence of VDR the epidermis is prone to tumor formation through a number of mechanisms including loss of the E-cadherin/catenin complex important for calcium signaling, decreased DNA damage repair, activation of Hedgehog signaling, and abnormalities in beta-catenin signaling. Similarly loss of VDR in conjunction with low calcium reduces stem cell activation thus delaying the epidermal response to wounding. Vitamin D and calcium are critical players in the maintenance and function of the epidermis.
Should sequels differ from original movies in pre-launch advertising schedule? Lessons from consumers' online search activity

Abstract Sequels have become a profitable strategy in the U.S. motion picture industry because of their strong name recognition. However, while the established positioning of a sequel may help insulate it from competing firms' advertising messages, its familiarity may cause moviegoers to be more easily satiated with advertising from the sequel. Therefore, this study examines how sequels differ from original concept movies in terms of their ad effectiveness. We focus our analysis on pre-launch periods, given these periods' importance in shaping the financial outcomes of motion pictures. We consider the weekly online search volume of a movie as a measure of consumer interest in it, and thus as an intermediate response to pre-launch advertising. We then develop a model that assumes ad effectiveness can decline, due to copy and repetition wearout, and increase, due to forgetting, over time. We find that copy wearout is greater for original movies, while repetition wearout and forgetting are greater for sequels. These findings suggest that sequels should allocate more in early pre-launch periods and less immediately before release, relative to originals, to maximize pre-launch consumer interest.
Pancreaticoduodenectomy: minimizing the learning curve.

Background: Pancreaticoduodenectomy outcomes improve as surgeon experience increases. We analyzed the outcomes of pancreaticoduodenectomy for any improvements over time to assess the learning curve. Methods: A retrospective study of patients undergoing consecutive pancreaticoduodenectomy by a single surgeon at the beginning of practice was performed. Operative factors and 90-day outcomes were examined and trends over the course of the 4-year time period were analyzed. Results: Between July 2011 and June 2015, 124 patients underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy (including total pancreatectomy, n=17) by open (n=93) or a laparoscopic (n=31) approach. The median operative time was 305 minutes which significantly improved over time. The median blood loss and length of stay were 250 mL and 6 days respectively which did not change over time. The pancreatic fistula rate, total morbidity, major morbidity, and mortality, and readmission rate was 7.5%, 41.1%, 14.5%, 1.6%, and 15.3% respectively and did not change over time. Pancreaticoduodenectomy was performed most commonly for pancreatic adenocarcinoma (51.6%) with a negative margin rate of 91.1% which significantly improved over time. Conclusions: The performance of pancreaticoduodenectomy improves as surgical experience is gained. However, a learning curve that impacts patient outcomes can be considerably diminished by appropriate training, high-volume practice/institution, proficient mentorship and experienced multidisciplinary team.
Advancing a Model of Secondary Trauma: Consequences for Victim Service Providers.

A burgeoning body of scholarship is attempting to understand, normalize, and ameliorate the emotional strain of victim service provision. The literature, however, has yet to fully theorize the haza...
Evaluation of Patwardhan Technique in Second Stage Caesarean Section

Background: Caesarean sections done at full cervical dilatation with impacted fetal head are technically very difficult and are associated with increased incidence of maternal and fetal morbidities. The objective of this study was to compare the maternal and neonatal morbidities between the Patwardhan technique and the Push method for extraction of the fetus in second stage caesarean section. Methods: This is retrospective analysis of all caesarean sections done in the second stage at tertiary care centre at Dehradun, UK, India from 2014 to Dec 2016. Women with single fetus, with anterior vertex, at term with a deeply impacted fetal head into pelvis, in whom decision of caesarean section was already taken, were included in the study. Results: The patients were divided into two groups, Group 1 (study group) consists of all cases in which extraction of fetus was done by Patwardhan technique and group 2 (control) in whom extraction of fetus was done by push method and extracted as vertex. Complications like extension of the incision, injury to surrounding organs , PPH, need for blood transfusion and neonatal outcome in terms of weight , APGAR and NICU stay were compared in both groups Out of these 120 cases,56 belonged to group A .( Patwardhan) and 64 belonged to group B (push method ). Traumatic PPH and blood transfusions were significantly less in Patwardhan as compared to Push method (3%,16%,p=.0049). There were significantly less uterine incision extension seen in Patwardhan group as compared to Push method (5%, 22%, p=.0031).Baby outcome was almost similar in both the groups. While complications are inherent in both the techniques Patwardhan method has been shown to cover considerable advantage in prevention of maternal morbidities. Conclusions: Patwardhan is a useful manoeuvre in intra operative disengagement of fetal head in second stage CS and it should be learnt and practiced as the primary technique.
Semantical Games and Aristotelian Categories

In earlier papers, I have sketched an approach to logical and linguistic semantics that embodies some of the same ideas on which Wittgenstein’s notion of language game is based.1 One of these ideas is that in order to appreciate the semantics of a word (or any other primitive expression of a language) we should study its function in the rule-governed human activities that serve to connect the language (or the fragment of a language) with the world. What Wittgenstein called “language games” can typically be considered such linking activities. In the languages (or parts of languages) that I will study in this chapter, certain activities of this kind are construed as games in the strict sense of the mathematical theory of games. They are called “semantical games”, and the semantics based on them is called game-theoretical semantics. Its basic ideas are explained most easily by reference to formal but interpreted first-order languages. Such a language, say L, can be assumed to have a finite number of primitive predicates that are interpreted on some given fixed domain D.
The Social Fabric Matrix, the Principles of Institutional Adjustment, and Individual Action

The social fabric matrix (SFM) together with the principles of institutional adjustment (PIA) may be used within the theoretical framework of the Veblenian dichotomy. This combination advances the conceptual and empirical reach of both. The Veblenian dichotomy is used to analyze the relationship of instrumental and ceremonial behaviors to institutions. It ties together the PIA and the SFM. The SFM identifies and incorporates several components for examining a problem and attempting to develop policies. The analysis of change is an important aspect of Institutional economics. Change involves adjustment of ceremonial behaviors to instrumental ones. Change in both group and individual behavior is controlled by the PIA. Habit adjustment is the individual counterpart to institutional adjustment. Perception of circumstances and consequences control behavior, and perceptions are controlled by habits. The potential directions and ability of an institution/habit to change can be informed by use of the SFM. The subject matter of this chapter is the connection of these and their application to institutional and individual adjustment.
Complications of Myomectomy

The potential complications associated with myomectomy can be encountered regardless of the surgical approach. This chapter addresses the complications specific to the laparoscopic and trans-cervical or hysteroscopic approaches. Each potential complication will be discussed with the intent to prevent its occurrence. However should these complications occur the subsequent discussion should help the surgeon manage and or correct the complication
Localization and Physiological Role of Melatonin Receptors in the Visual and Circadian Systems

The production of melatonin is driven by internal circadian clocks and modified by the environmental light/dark cycle (Krause and Dubocovich, 1990). It now appears that melatonin in turn regulates neural structures involved in visual and circadian processing. Melatonin receptors are located in the retina where they can mediate dark adaptive processes in the eye, inhibit retinal dopaminergic systems, and influence the transmission of light signals to the brain (Blazynski and Dubocovich, 1991; Dubocovich, 1985, 1988a,b; Dubocovich and Takahashi, 1987; Laitinen and Saavedra, 1990a). Melatonin receptors also are found in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus, an area which receives direct retinal input and is thought to contain circadian pacemakers (Reppert et al., 1988; Laitinen and Saavedra, 1990b; Rivkees et al., 1989; Siuciak et al., 1990). The melatonin receptors in the SCN are likely to be involved in melatonin’s ability to synchronize and reset circadian rhythms (Benloucif, S. and Dubocovich M.L., 1994a; Warren et al., 1993). Other retinal target nuclei such as the superior colliculus/optic tectum also contain putative melatonin receptors which may function to modulate visual processing (Krause et al., 1992; Siuciak et al., 1991; Rivkees et al., 1989; Beresford et al., 1994; Stankov and Fraschini, 1993). In some species, melatonin receptors are observed all along specific visual pathways. For example in avian brain, the tectofugal pathway, which is involved in brightness discriminations, and the accessory optic pathway, which mediates visual-ocular reflexes, appear to be regulated at every level by melatonin receptors (Siuciak et al., 1991; Rivkees et al., 1989; Krause et al., 1994a). The cellular effects of melatonin receptors in the visual system are not well understood, but presynaptic regulation and inhibition of cyclic AMP are two functions which have been demonstrated (Dubocovich, 1985, 1988a; Iuvone and Gan, 1994; Krause et al., 1992, 1994a,b).
Defining Tennis Content in Upper Elementary Physical Education

Tennis is a lifelong physical activity that is played from young childhood to adulthood. Tennis can be used to meet several of SHAPE America's National Standards and Grade-level Outcomes for K–12 Physical Education in elementary school. Specifically, tennis is tied to outcomes relative to “striking with a short implement” in the manipulative skills category in National Standard 1. While the learning outcomes in striking are not specific to tennis, tennis provides a context for their teaching. This article introduces an evidenced-based knowledge packet of 14 instructional tasks to teach tennis to upper elementary students. The focus of this packet is on beginning tennis, which would be taught to upper elementary grades students who are transitioning from learning discrete skills to learning to apply those skills in developmentally appropriate games. The tasks in the knowledge packet are underpinned by Rink's four stages of game development model and the concept of content development.
Efficacy of PD-1 inhibitors in patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with KRAS or EGFR T790M mutations.

e20513Background: Immune checkpoint blockade(ICB) has revolutionized the treatment of progressive NSCLC with its durable benefit when compared to cytotoxic agents. In the era of personalized medici...
Investigations of the Potential Interactions Between Pre-emergence Residual Herbicides, Variety, and Seed Treatments in Soybean

Field experiments were performed in 2016 and 2017 in Missouri to determine whether interactions exist between PRE herbicides and seed treatments in soybean. The experiments consisted of a randomized complete block design with factorial arrangements of varieties, seed treatments, and herbicides. We selected two genetically similar varieties of soybean, one with known tolerance to PPO-inhibiting herbicides and one with known sensitivity. Each variety of seed received three separate seed treatment mixtures (STMs): (1) STM1, imidacloprid plus prothioconazol + penflufen +metalaxyl plus metalaxyl plus Bacillus subtilis + B. pumilis, (2) STM2, Pasteuria nishizawae plus thiamethoxam plus prothioconazol + penflufen +metalaxyl plus metalaxyl plus B. subtilis + B. pumilis, and (3) STM3, fluopyram plus imidacloprid plus prothioconazol + penflufen +metalaxyl plus metalaxyl plus B. subtilis + B. pumilis. Chlorimuron-ethyl + flumioxazin + pyroxasulfone, chlorimuron-ethyl + flumioxazin +metribuzin, and chlorimuron-ethyl + sulfentrazone were applied PRE to each variety and seed treatment combination at 1× and 2× the labeled use rate. Chlorimuron-ethyl + sulfentrazone treatment at the 2 × rate resulted in greater injury of 8% and 14% to the sensitive variety than the tolerant in 2016 and 2017, respectively; this was the highest injury observed from any herbicide treatment in either year. In 2017, chlorimuron-ethyl + sulfentrazone resulted in the greatest height reductions in both varieties, but this reduction was more evident in the sensitive (19%) than in the tolerant (6%) variety. Overall, yield differences between the two varieties were not consistent between years, and for both varieties, the sulfentrazonecontaining treatments resulted in the highest yield losses. The results of this research indicate that there is a larger interaction between herbicides and varieties than there is between herbicides and seed treatments, or seed treatments and varieties.Nomenclature: Chlorimuron-ethyl; flumioxazin; fluopyram; imidacloprid; metalaxyl; metribuzin; Pasteuria nishizawae; penflufen; prothioconazol; pyroxasulfone; sulfentrazone; thiamethoxam; soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr
A General-purpose Distributed Programming System using Data-parallel Streams

In this paper we present DtCraft, a distributed execution engine that enables a new powerful programming model to streamline cluster computing. Applications are described in a set of data-parallel streams, leaving difficult execution details and concurrency controls handled by our system kernel transparently. Compared with existing systems, DtCraft is unique in (1) an efficient stream-oriented programming paradigm using modern C++17, (2) an in-context resource controller and task executor based on Linux container technology, and (3) ease of development from prototyping machines to production cloud environments. These capabilities power industry applications and create new research directions in machine learning, stream processing, and distributed multimedia systems.
Some Factors Regulating the Striped Bass Population in the Sacramento–San Joaquin Estuary, California*

ABSTRACT The abundance of young and adult striped bass (Morone saxatilis) in the Sacramento–San Joaquin Estuary is related to the magnitudes of water diversions and of water flows in the estuary. Principal variations in survival occur during the first two months of life. Density-independent mortality caused by the loss of young bass in water diversions is a major factor regulating population size. Population size also is directly related to flow rates, which serve to control the transport of young bass to suitable nursery areas, which in turn influence survival through factors such as food availability.
Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors

This chapter introduces and, to a limited extent, solves one of the classical problems associated with linear processes: their decomposition into well-behaved, independent component subprocesses. What is especially noteworthy and exciting about the material is that it uses all of the major concepts introduced so far, including the representation of linear transformations, real and complex inner product spaces, and the theory of determinants. The final theorem of Section 9.3 is as exquisite as any work of art.
Two‐Dimensional Nanocrystals Produced by Exfoliation of Ti3AlC2.

Treatment of Ti3AlC2 powders in HF (2 h) results in exfoliation and formation of two-dimensional Ti3C2 layers with OH and/or F surface groups and conical scrolls.
Prostatic Stromal Tumors of Uncertain Malignant Potential.

ABSTRACT We present a 53-year-old man with a multilocular solid and cystic mass measuring 19 cm on cross-sectional imaging. After undergoing pelvic mass excision, final histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of primary prostatic stromal tumor of uncertain malignant potential (STUMP). Prostatic STUMPs are rare mesenchymal tumors with diverse histologic patterns. They are distinct from prostatic stromal sarcomas as they do not behave aggressively, although some may occasionally demonstrate local recurrence after resection. Due to their unpredictable malignant potential, lack of correlation between histologic patterns, and sarcomatous differentiation, these patients warrant surgical excision and close follow-up.
Genetic Improvement of Guayule (Parthenium argentatum A. Gray): An Alternative Rubber Crop

Among the more than 2000 plant species known to synthesize rubber, guayule, Hevea and Taraxacum kok-saghyz produce commercial grade rubber and latex. Guayule (Parthenium argentatum A. Gray), originates from the Southern Texas and Northern Mexico deserts, and is receiving wide attention as a natural rubber crop that could successfully grow in arid and semiarid regions. Continued improvement of guayule for higher biomass, rubber production and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, as well as maximizing agronomic practices are necessary to meet the increasing demand of the guayule rubber industry. Early domestication and commercialization efforts have all centered on using natural guayule stands and unimproved germplasm as a source of natural rubber. However, limited and sporadic breeding efforts have slowed down guayule’s genetic gains compared to other crops. This chapter summarizes the most recent breeding progress, biotechnological advancements, and agronomic practices to increase guayule rubber and other industrial byproducts. This provides plant breeders an insight into the status of guayule improvement and possible directions to speed up the breeding progress.