cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Reversal of antithrombotic agents.

Anticoagulants are the mainstay of therapy for thromboembolic diseases. In addition to the more traditional agents, new oral anticoagulants, including dabigatran etexilate, rivaroxaban, and apixaban, have been shown to be effective across several indications. Bleeding is a serious complication associated with any anticoagulant, but many of the traditional parenteral and new oral agents do not currently have specific antidotes. This review describes available and future options for the reversal of the effects of anticoagulants, in particular the new oral agents and discusses current management strategies for bleeding events in clinical practice. Am. J. Hematol. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Efficient All-to-All Broadcast in Gaussian On-Chip Networks

With the development of multiprocessor system on chips (MPSoCs), it is expected that hundreds of computing cores will be operating on a single chip in the near future. This will require high-performance on-chip networks with very low latency to provide a communication substrate for the increasing number of cores. In this paper, we consider Gaussian on-chip networks that are of significant topological advantages over traditional mesh and torus networks in terms of diameter and average hop distance. Many applications on MPSoCs need global data movement and global control to exchange data and synchronize the execution among cores, which require all-to-all broadcast communication. In this paper, we propose an all-to-all broadcast algorithm suitable for on-chip implementation on the Gaussian network topology. The algorithm utilizes controlled message flooding based on a broadcast pattern, which can be described in a formal, generic way for each node in terms of a few simple operations and can be easily built into router hardware. Furthermore, the generic broadcast pattern also ensures a balanced traffic load in all dimensions in the network so that minimum total latency for all-to-all broadcast can be achieved. The algorithm overlaps message switching time with transmission time in a pipelined fashion to further reduce the total communication latency of all-to-all broadcast. Comparison results demonstrate the topological merits of Gaussian networks and ultralow latency of the proposed all-to-all broadcast algorithm.
Segmentation of road scenes using color and fractal-based texture classification

Presents a knowledge-based method for segmenting color images of road scenes. The knowledge base contains color and texture representations of objects typically found in such scenes. The segmentation algorithm uses the knowledge base to classify each image region according to its chromaticity and fractal dimension. A key feature of the texture classifier is its robustness with respect to image scale and contrast. We also discuss extensions of our method to other applications. >
Using Internship for Action Learning

One of the challenges of HRD is to identify promising students of management, and provide them with the kinds of apprenticeships which provide a test of whether the student is ready and able to link his classroom learnings with real performance challenges. Also the organization needs the opportunity to make a crucial contribution to the student's professional development, and to present a self development challenge beyond anything the classroom can provide. The training models presented here are general models applicable to undergraduate and graduate eduction, and adaptable to on‐the‐job professional development programs.
Statistics and Related Topics in Single-Molecule Biophysics

Since the universal acceptance of atoms and molecules as the fundamental constituents of matter in the early-twentieth century, molecular physics, chemistry, and molecular biology have all experienced major theoretical breakthroughs. Although researchers had to wait until the 1970s to see individual biological macromolecules one at a time in action, the field of single-molecule biophysics has witnessed extensive growth in both experiments and theory since then. A distinct feature of single-molecule biophysics is that the motions and interactions of molecules as well as the transformation of molecular species are necessarily described in the language of stochastic processes, whether one investigates equilibrium or far-from-equilibrium living behavior. For laboratory measurements following a biological process, analysis of experimental data obtained by sampling individual participating molecules over time naturally calls for the inference of stochastic processes. The theoretical and experimental development...
A distance measure between collections of distributions and its application to speaker recognition

This paper presents a distance measure for evaluating the closeness of two sets of distributions. The job of finding the distance between two distributions has been addressed with many solutions present in the literature. To cluster speakers using the pre-computed models of their speech, a need arises for computing a distance between these models which are normally built of a collection of distributions such as Gaussians (e.g., comparison between two HMM models). The definition of this distance measure creates many possibilities for speaker verification, speaker adaptation, speaker segmentation and many other related applications. A distance measure is presented for evaluating the closeness of a collection of distributions with centralized atoms such as Gaussians (but not limited to Gaussians). Several applications including some in speaker recognition with some results are presented using this distance measure.
Simultaneous Covariance Driven Correspondence (CDC) and Transformation Estimation in the Expectation Maximization Framework

This paper proposes a new registration algorithm, Co-variance Driven Correspondences (CDC), that depends fundamentally on the estimation of uncertainty in point correspondences. This uncertainty is derived from the covariance matrices of the individual point locations and from the covariance matrix of the estimated transformation parameters. Based on this uncertainty, CDC uses a robust objective function and an EM-like algorithm to simultaneously estimate the transformation parameters, their covariance matrix, and the likely correspondences. Unlike the Robust Point Matching (RPM) algorithm, CDC requires neither an annealing schedule nor an explicit outlier process. Experiments on synthetic and real images using a polynomial transformation models in 2D and in 3D show that CDC has a broader domain of convergence than the well-known Iterative Closest Point (ICP) algorithm and is more robust to missing or extraneous structures in the data than RPM.
Permanent Housing for Seasonal Workers? A Generalized Peak Load Investment Model for Farm Worker Housing

Many seasonal workers are housed in transitory accommodations, including tents and vehicles. In this study, we analyze the supply side of this problem by assuming that a public agent must house the workers through direct public investment. A peak load model is adapted to develop investment rules for the least-cost provision of seasonal worker housing, adding an interacting multi-season component to existing models. Based on this model and the data from three prototype projects, the majority of the least-cost investment would be in permanent, but seasonally occupied, housing.
Timing and carrier recovery techniques in DSP based digital receivers

In conventional receivers, carrier recovery and timing recovery are performed in the analog domain by controlling the frequency and phase of voltage controlled oscillators (VCO) in their respective phase locked loop (PLL). When the control signal for these loops are generated in the sampled data domain by DSP techniques the digital samples must be brought to the analog domain by a pair of digital-to-analog converters (DAC). It is more cost effective to perform the entire signal processing function of the PLL in the digital domain and avoid the cost of the DAC and analog smoothing filter in the processing loops. In the full DSP implementation the receiver performs an initial complex down conversion with an asynchronous local oscillator set to the nominal final conversion frequency and then absorbs the residual carrier and phase uncertainty by data dependent control of a digital complex rotator. In a similar fashion sample timing is performed by the sampling the input signal with an asynchronous sampling clock operating at nominally twice the symbol rate and then absorbs residual frequency and phase of the sampling clock by resampling the data with a polyphase filter bank. >
PORTA HEPATIS IRRADIATION

Abstract The porta hepatis is frequently included in the fields employed for the radiation therapy of Hodgkin's disease. In addition, the porta is often the target of irradiation in obstructive jaundice resulting from cancer of the pancreas. However, there is no clear agreement regarding which lymph nodes are to be encompassed in the irradiation field, nor the precise location of the porta hepatis. Therefore, an assessment of the anatomy of the porta hepatis and its surface projection was undertaken. A study of twenty-one celiac arteriograms showed that the bifurcation of the portal vein into its right and left branches was a point that closely corresponded to the porta hepatis, and that the point could be marked on the surface using external landmarks. The rationale for irradiating the porta hepatis is quite different in these two conditions (Hodgkin's disease and biliary obstruction). The portal requirements are discussed in detail.
Measuring Progress with Normalized Energy Intensity

Energy standard ISO 50001 will require industries to quantify improvement in energy intensity to qualify for certification. This paper describes a four-step method to analyze utility billing, weather, and production data to quantify a company‟s normalized energy intensity over time. The method uses 3-pararameter change-point regression modeling of utility billing data against weather and production data to derive energy signature equations. The energy signature equation is driven by typical weather and production data to calculate the „normal annual consumption‟, NAC, and divided by typical production to calculate „normalized energy intensity” NEI. These steps are repeated on sequential sets of 12 months of data to generate a series of „sliding‟ NEIs and regression coefficients. The method removes the effects of changing weather and production levels, so that the change in energy intensity is a sole function of changing energy efficiency. Deficiencies of other methods of calculating NEI are identified. The method is demonstrated in a case study example.
Densest local sphere-packing diversity: General concepts and application to two dimensions

two-dimensional circular disk problem. We find and present the putative densest packings and corresponding RminN for selected values of N up to N=348 and use this knowledge to construct such a realizability condition and an upper bound. We additionally analyze the properties and characteristics of the maximally dense packings, finding significant variability in their symmetries and contact networks, and that the vast majority differ substantially from the triangular lattice even for large N. Our work has implications for packaging problems, nucleation theory, and surface physics.
Astronomy: weighing the baby.

Mass is the fundamental parameter in stellar astrophysics, but measuring mass is difficult, especially for young stars. A study of a youthful neighbour of the Sun provides insight into the accuracy of widely used calibrations.
We Need to Talk: The Impact on Care When Electronic Communication Replaces Verbal Communication Between Clinicians.

The proliferation of digital communication in healthcare is out-pacing the readiness of clinicians to implement safeguards that protect patients from technology-mediated communication failures. THE ACKNOWLEDGMENT THAT smartphones have become ubiquitous in our culture and have had an absorbing and even socially isolating effect in our society is hardly a new observation. Everywhere one goes, smartphones are part of the scene, whether it is dining at a restaurant, riding in public transportation or walking through a shopping mall, everyone, except the very young and the very old, seems to be interacting with their devices more than with the person they are with. Misinterpreted texts and delays in responses are the source of laughter, as it demonstrates what can go wrong when the message interpreted by the recipient is different from the message intended by the sender. But what happens when the preference for quick, to the point, electronic communication replaces the traditional telephone or face-to-face discussion between clinicians or when workflows and workspaces drive most or all communication to happen through the electronic health record (EHR)? What happens is a decline in interpersonal exchange of information which allows for collaboration, non-verbal augmentation of the message, and the just-in-time ability to ask clarifying questions. This in turn can cause communication errors than can result in harm. Today 85% of Americans own a cell phone, and they use this device for much more than making calls. In a survey conducted by the Pew Research Center in 2012, 87% of cell phone users between the ages of 18 and 64 years, use the device to send and receive texts, and an additional 50%use it to
Diel Periodicity of Euschistus conspersus (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) Aggregation, Mating, and Feeding

The diel periodicity of pheromone-mediated aggregations and mating and feeding cycles of Euschistus conspersus Uhler (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) was investigated in a series of laboratory and Þeld experiments. The aggregation response of adult E.conspersus to lures loaded with the male-produced aggregation pheromone component methyl E2,Z4-decadienoate placed on com- mon mullein, Verbascum thapsus L., peaked in the early hours of the scotophase, at 2100 hours. Peak mating occurred at 2300 hours, with 78.5% of the insects in aggregations mating at this time. Aggre- gations dispersed and declined to 30% of their maximum level by dawn on pheromone-baited plants. Equal numbers of males and females were found within aggregations. Aggregations continued to form nightly and disperse by morning throughout a 72-h observation period on pheromone-baited and unbaited mullein plants. A laboratory analysis of feeding periodicity indicated that although feeding occurred throughout the 24-h observation period, the percentage of feeding insects was signiÞcantly higher during the scotophase. There were no differences between feeding rates of males and females. The implications of these Þndings for monitoring and management of E. conspersus are discussed.
The pressure of hot QCD

When heated and/or compressed, strongly interacting matter exhibits a rich phase structure. In this talk, I will concentrate on its behavior under variations of the temperature, which is most relevant for phenomenological applications such as in cosmology, heavy-ion collisions, and astrophysics. In particular, effective field theory methods can be used to combine lattice and continuum calculations, in order to obtain high-precision results for the relevant thermodynamic quantities such as the QCD pressure and equation of state. I will discuss the current status of this systematic approach to QCD thermodynamics, and point out the remaining (technical) problems.
Free Online Tools and Applications to Improve Teaching and Learning

With the current economy, 44 states anticipate budget shortfalls (McNichol, Oliff, & Johnson, 2011). Therefore, it is evident that not all schools, colleges, and universities can afford to buy online tools and applications. As educators, it is important to be aware of FREE online applications, which can be successfully used in on-campus, blended, and online settings, to improve learning and teaching for faculty and students, and increase productivity in administrative settings.
Under the Microscope: Looking at Libraries and Online Orientations

Orientations ease students’ transition into institutions of higher learning. Most published literature focuses on orientations that occur on the physical campus, but online orientations are equally, if not more, important in engaging a geographically diverse student body. Via online orientations, academic libraries have an excellent opportunity to participate actively in retention plans by helping students feel more comfortable within their institutions’ programs. This article presents the survey results of what is happening in online orientations and libraries across the United States.
Dynamics of Model Ionomer Melts of Various Architectures

Ion-containing polymers have potential as single-ion conducting battery electrolyte materials. Their conductivity is often too low for such applications due to the low dielectric polymer backbone and resulting strong aggregation of ions. We simulate coarse-grained ionomer melts (with explicit counterions) of various polymer architectures to understand the effect of polymer connectivity on the dynamics. We report on the polymer and counterion dynamics as a function of periodically or randomly spaced charged groups, which can be placed in the backbone or pendant to it. The spacer length is also varied. The simulations reveal the mechanism of ion transport, the coupling between counterion and polymer dynamics, and the dependence of the ion dynamics on polymer architecture. Within the ionic aggregrates, ion dynamics is rather fluid and relatively fast. The larger scale dynamics (time and length) depends strongly on the large scale morphology of the ionomer. Systems with percolated clusters have faster counter...
The Double, Comic Irony, and Postmodernism in Philip Roth’s Operation Shy lock

Critics have praised Philip Roth as one of the major Jewish American novelists, together with Bernard Malamud and Saul Bellow. Reviewers often compare Roth's style to that of a stand-up comic. His career has been summarized as starting in 1959 as a comic realist, Theodore Dreiser meets Jackie Mason, and culminating in something much more postmodern, the deconstructionists meet Jackie Mason. Roth's early, realistic novels (Goodbye Columbus, 1959; When She Was Good, 1967; Portnoy's Complaint, 1969) and his political and social satires (Our Gang, 1971; The Great American Novel, 1973) are more traditional than his novels of the 80s and 90s (The Ghost Writer, 1979; Zuckerman Unbound, 1981; The Anatomy Lesson, 1983; The Prague Orgy, 1985; The Counterlife, 1987; Deception, 1990; Operation Shylock, 1993; Sabbath's Theater, 1995). The subject matter of the later novels is the comic handling of fictional systems themselves. Novels engage in postmodern experimentation with multiple narrators in terms of their comic consciousness of their own fictivity. These novels explore all possible ways of doing narrative, as well as the connection between the told and the teller (exhibiting Roth's playfully comic use of details from his own life and even the use of his own name, as in Deception and Operation Shylock). Roth's comedy and satire are often directed at Jews and their customs. His use of Jewish stereotypes for scathing humor has alienated and angered some members of the Jewish community shaken by the Holocaust. The eminent critic Irving Howe, in "Philip Roth Reconsidered," called Portnoy's Complaint "a vulgar book" (77) and denounced Roth's shallow treatment of Jewish life. The essay set the tone for criticism by the Jewish citizenry, which was enraged by Roth's use of offensive traits for hyperbolic comedy, e.g., materialism in Goodbye Columbus; sexual preoccupation in Portnoy's Complaint; vitriolic quarreling in Operation Shylock; scandalous philandering in Sabbath's Theater.
Boll Weevil: Detection and Monitoring of Small Populations with In-field Traps

In-field traps were superior to other techniques for detecting very low populations of Anthonomus grandis Boheman in cotton fields. Five, 10, 15, 20, and 25 infield traps/ha were compared in an isolated cotton field in Arkansas. Only one punctured square and no live weevils were found in hand examinations during the experiment. No weevils or punctured squares were found with an insect collecting machine. A total of 25 overwintered weevils and 71 field generation weevils was captured with in-field traps from May 26-Sept, 7. Twenty-five traps/ha captured the majority of weevils caught during the test.
Toxic Pollution and School Performance Scores Environmental Ascription in East Baton Rouge Parish, Louisiana

The current study adds to the literature linking environmental pollution and disparities in educational outcomes among vulnerable populations by measuring variations in school performance scores in East Baton Rouge (EBR) Parish, Louisiana. The authors ask whether the unique, place-specific, results of a study such as the 2004 study by Pastor, Sadd, and Morello-Frosch, specifically the finding that schools’ academic performance scores are negatively related to proximity to major polluters, can be made somewhat more “general” by examining a similar relationship in another location. The authors closely approximate the model and methodology used by Pastor et al. and then respecify that model by including new independent variables with a particular focus on alternative and more nuanced measures of proximity to polluters as indicators of potential human exposure. Furthermore, they analyze the relationship between proximity and achievement in terms of disproportionate effects on human capital experienced by vuln...
Pumping a GaAs Optical Parametric Oscillator with Circularly Polarized and Depolarized Light

We demonstrate an optical parametric oscillator based on GaAs pumped with both a circularly polarized and a pseudo-depolarized pump. High symmetry in the nonlinear susceptibility tensor of GaAs enables pumping with “exotic” polarizations.
The experimental induction of hypomagnesaemia in goats.

SUMMARY A method for the selective removal of magnesium from the blood of anaesthetised goats is described, which uses suitably equilibrated cation-exchange columns. Preliminary experiments for the estimation of magnesium mobilisation rates in goats are described. Plasma magnesium concentration were reduced by 40% over 90 minutes. Concentrations returned to normal within 1 hour after magnesium removal ceased.
Impact of Cirrhosis on Resource Use and Inpatient Complications in Patients Undergoing Total Knee and Hip Arthroplasty

Abstract Background Cirrhosis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality and is an important risk factor for complications in surgical patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of cirrhosis with postoperative complications, length of stay (LOS), and costs among patients who underwent total knee arthroplasty (TKA) or total hip arthroplasty (THA). Methods Using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample between 2000 and 2011, we identified patients who had a primary TKA or primary THA. TKA patients were divided into 2 groups: (1) cirrhosis (n = 41,464) and (2) no cirrhosis (n = 5,721,297) and THA patients were divided into 2 groups: (1) cirrhosis (n = 27,401) and (2) no cirrhosis (n = 2,622,539). Patient demographics, comorbidities, perioperative complications, LOS, and incremental costs were analyzed. An additional subgroup analysis by cirrhosis etiology was performed. Results Multivariable analysis revealed cirrhosis was associated with 1.55 (95% confidence interval: 1.47-1.63) times higher odds of any complication after TKA and 1.59 (1.50-1.69) higher odds after THA. Adjusted outcomes showed cirrhotic TKA patients had $1857 higher costs and 0.30 days longer LOS and THA cirrhotic patients had $1497 higher costs and 0.48 longer LOS. We found similar results for each cirrhosis subtype but alcohol-related had the highest resource use and complication rate. Conclusion Patients with cirrhosis who are undergoing TKA or THA are at a significantly increased risk for perioperative complications, increased LOS, and higher costs. The perioperative complications and costs were highest among patients with alcohol-related cirrhosis.
53 MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY, DIFFUSION TENSOR IMAGING, AND MAGNETIC RESONANCE PERFUSION IN THE EVALUATION OF FIBROMYALGIA PATIENTS: A PROSPECTIVE STUDY.

Purpose To determine if there are significant differences between fibromyalgia (FM) patients and healthy controls using three different functional brain imaging techniques to assess for differences in a number of brain areas that have been considered to play a role in pain processing. Materials and Methods All subjects (20 FM patients and 20 age-matched controls) underwent a conventional pre- and postcontrast MRI as well as completing extensive baseline clinical work-up including the McGill Pain Questionnaire and pain/pressure sensitivity testing. For 2D-CSI proton spectroscopy (TE/TR = 144/1500 ms), 18 1 × 1 × 1 cm voxels were placed in areas implicated in pain processing. Metabolite ratios were calculated for each voxel. DTI was performed using a single-shot spin-echo EPI technique along nine different directions with a b value of 1,000 s/mm2 and standardized 50 mm2 regions of interests (ROIs) were placed in a number of potential pain processing regions. For MR perfusion, 20 50 mm2 circular ROIs were placed in selected gray and white matter structures to allow calculation of relative quantitative data for mean time to enhance (MTE) and negative enhancement integral (NEI). Student9s t-test was used for statistical analysis. Results Analysis of the 2D-CSI data showed mean Cho/Cr ratios to be significantly higher in FM patients compared to normal controls in the right prefrontal subcortical white matter (p = .02) and the left parietal white matter (p = .04). Nonsignificant similar trends were seen in the left thalamus (p = .07) and the left internal capsule (p = .09). No significant differences were found in apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and fractional anisotropy (FA) values between fibromyalgia patients and normal controls in most of the different regions examined. A tendency for lower FA values was found in the parietal white matter in patients with fibromyalgia compared to the normal healthy controls, 0.256 ± 0.026 (mean ± SD) vs 0.273 ± 0.034, respectively (p = .06). Regarding MR perfusion, relative MTE values were significantly lower in FM patients compared to healthy controls in the following areas: bilateral insula, thalami, prefrontal dorsolateral gray matter, corona radiata, frontal white matter, parietal white matter, and right internal capsule. Conclusion Our data suggest that there are differences between FM patients and healthy controls in brain regions that have been implicated in pain processing. Larger studies are needed to better understand the determinants and consequences of CNS changes in FM, correlate with clinical symptoms, and evaluate the potential of functional imaging in disease monitoring and therapy response.
Therapeutic Error Calls Among Older Adults Reported to a Regional Poison Control Center in Alabama.

OBJECTIVES: Although Americans aged 65 years and older account for only 13.0% of the population, they consume one-third of all prescription medications each year. Increased life expectancy, age-related deterioration in health, and polypharmacy lead to a significant risk of potential medication errors. National Poison Data System studies have evaluated the older adult population and their interaction with poison centers; however, descriptive studies using regional poison center data to evaluate older adult-related medication errors, specifically in Alabama, have not been conducted. Our study assessed therapeutic errors in patients aged 65 years and older to evaluate the need for potential interventions by pharmacists and preventive education to reduce errors reported to the Regional Poison Control Center (RPCC) at Children's of Alabama. METHODS: A four-year retrospective analysis was conducted by gathering call-specific data from the RPCC toxiCALL database. Calls were included if they were made to the RPCC between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2013, involved patients aged 65 years and older, and were coded as unintentional therapeutic errors. Analysis of call data was conducted using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's EpiInfo version 7.0.9.7. RESULTS: A total of 1699 calls were evaluated for patient demographics (sex, age), call data (month, year, shift, caller site), reason for therapeutic error, clinical effects, medical outcome, management site, and reported substance details. Nearly 40.0% of the therapeutic errors were caused by patients taking or being given the same medication twice. Five of the 15 reasons for therapeutic errors accounted for nearly 82.0% of all calls reported. The reasons included taking or being given the same medication twice (37.3%), taking or being given the wrong medication (14.6%), using an incorrect dosing route (13.1%), other incorrect dosing errors (9.9%), and taking doses too close together (7.5%). The top individual substance involved in a therapeutic error was reported verbatim by callers as Spiriva inhalation capsules (10.5%). CONCLUSIONS: Therapeutic error calls represent a significant and increasing proportion of calls made by older adults to the RPCC. The frequent interactions between healthcare providers and patients create opportunities to prospectively prevent medication problems in older adult patients. Healthcare providers, specifically pharmacists, should encourage clients to always read the label on medications and should counsel patients carefully when dispensing a product that is not an oral preparation. In addition, although national drug take-back days are conducted biennially, patients should be encouraged to dispose of old medications and expired over-the-counter medications. The RPCC toll-free telephone number (800-222-1222) may be displayed to educate patients on its 24-hour/day availability. Current data will be used to implement programs for pharmacist interventions and to create appropriate educational material. Language: en
Tongue Muscle Response to Neuromuscular Diseases and Specific Pathologies

The tongue is the only muscular organ in the craniofacial region and plays fundamental roles in almost all oral motor functions, including drinking, ingestion, chewing, swallowing, respiration, and speech. A number of neuromuscular diseases, such as epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, cerebral palsy, muscular dystrophy, Parkinson’s and Huntington’s diseases, and myasthenia gravis, significantly affect tongue motor functions. These negative impacts include reduced or complete loss of control in moving the tongue (tongue displacement) and/or changing the shape of the tongue (tongue deformation), tongue spasm or convulsion, muscle dystonia, and ankyloglossia. Several sensational disorders may also occur due to these neuromuscular diseases, including burning tongue, loss of taste function (ageusia), decreased ability to taste (hypogeusia), and changes in taste (dysgeusia). In recent decades, extensive studies have demonstrated that tongue size, volume, position, and neuromuscular activity, especially in the tongue base, are significantly implicated in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), a potential life-threatening disorder of breathing, which affects 2–4 % of the adult population (Schwab 2003; Schwab et al. 2003).
An Overview of Infections Associated With Soft Tissue Facial Fillers: Identification, Prevention, and Treatment

Purpose The purpose of this study was to provide an overview of infections associated with facial soft tissue fillers. Materials and Methods A literature review was performed which evaluated infections associated with facial soft tissue fillers. Results Infection rates with soft tissue fillers are low and are estimated at 0.04 to 0.2%. Most of these infections arise when skin contaminants infiltrate the injection site at the time of injection. These infections can occur early, up to several days after treatment, or delayed, occurring weeks to years after treatment. Reactions vary based on the filler absorbability and duration. Early recognition and treatment are important factors in managing our cosmetic surgery patients. Conclusion Although facial fillers are safe and predictable, infections can still occur. Oral and maxillofacial surgeons need to be able to prevent, recognize, and properly manage infections related to these popular injections.
Blind collaborative 20 questions for target localization

We consider the problem of collaborative target localization by several observers, called players, where the reliability of each player is unknown. As in our previous work [1] we formulate this problem as a 20 questions game with noise for collaborative players under a minimum entropy criterion. We extend the setting of [1] to the case where the players' error channels have unknown crossover probabilities. First, we use dynamic programming to characterize the structure of the optimal policy for constructing the sequence of questions. This generalizes the multiplayer policies derived in [1] for the known error channel setting. Second, we prove a separation theorem showing that a sequential bisection scheme achieves the same performance as the optimal joint queries. This generalizes the separation theorem recently derived for the known error channel case in [1]. Third, we derive bounds for the maximum entropy loss per iteration. Finally, we show that even for the one-dimensional case, the optimal query policy for the unknown error channel is not equivalent to a probabilistic bisection policy. This framework provides a methodology for simultaneous sequential estimation of target location and learning the error channels associated with the players.
Optimized Risk-Aware Nomination Strategy in Demand Response Markets

When wholesale prices are high and/or when the electricity system reliability is jeopardized, utilities have programs that encourage their customers to shed loads; these programs are called demand response (DR). Most large energy consumers, for example the buildings comprising Google's Mountain View, CA campus, have some ability to control, and therefore reduce, their demand, and in this way contribute to stabilizing the grid. In this paper, we present a novel risk-aware nomination strategy in DR programs where the capacity commitments are made one month-ahead. The proposed methodology gives special treatment to the variability in load response to DR signals, variability that stems from the uncertainty in month-ahead weather forecasts and the inherent unpredictability in load profiles. The framework incorporates an efficient procedure for statistically characterizing the drop in demand associated with thermostatically controlled, heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) loads in commercial buildings, as well as applying the derived models to nominate revenue-optimal bids. The methodology is reasonably generic and adaptable to different kinds of DR markets and customer demand profiles. By way of example, we work out the capacity nomination for the Capacity Bidding Program (CBP) offered by Pacific Gas and Electric Company (PG&E) that Google participated in with a fraction of its buildings.
Abstract PR08: Man's best friend for cancer driver-passenger discrimination

Spontaneously occurring canine cancer represents one of the best cancer models. Herein we report a novel dog human comparison strategy that utilizes inter-species genomic arrangements occurring during the past >75 million years to tackle a central aim of cancer research, namely cancer driver passenger discrimination. After showing that spontaneous canine colorectal cancers share similar molecular pathogenesis mechanisms as their human counterparts (Tang et al., 2010; Youmans et al., 2012), we compared copy number abnormalities between the two species (Tang et al., 2013). This led to the identification of 73 driver candidate genes (DCGs) and 38 passenger candidate genes (PCGs). Importantly, DCGs differ from PCGs in every analysis conducted to assess their cancer relevance. Moreover, while PCGs9 functions appear random, DCGs9 are significantly associated with cell proliferation and epithelial cell polarities. We are conducting 3D culture to validate these functions, leading to the discovery of several new tumor suppressors and cell polarity genes. Besides colorectal cancer, we have also successfully applied this dog-human comparison strategy on triple negative breast cancers, of which copy number abnormalities are extensive. In summary, we have developed a novel approach to efficiently analyze the massive cancer genomic data generated by TCGA and others for cancer driver discovery. Tang, J., Le, S., Sun, L., Yan, X., Zhang, M., Macleod, J., Leroy, B., Northrup, N., Ellis, A., Yeatman, T. J., et al. (2010). Copy number abnormalities in sporadic canine colorectal cancers. Genome research 20, 341-350. Tang, J., Li, Y., Lyon, K., Camps, J., Dalton, S., Ried, T., and Zhao, S. (2013). Cancer driver-passenger distinction via sporadic human and dog cancer comparison: a proof-of-principle study with colorectal cancer. Oncogene. Youmans, L., Taylor, C., Shin, E., Harrell, A., Ellis, A. E., Seguin, B., Ji, X., and Zhao, S. (2012). Frequent alteration of the tumor suppressor gene APC in sporadic canine colorectal tumors. PloS one 7, e50813. This abstract is also presented as Poster B51. Citation Format: Shaying Zhao. Man9s best friend for cancer driver-passenger discrimination. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: The Translational Impact of Model Organisms in Cancer; Nov 5-8, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2014;12(11 Suppl):Abstract nr PR08.
Information needs of generalists and specialists using online best-practice algorithms to answer clinical questions.

Objective To better understand clinician information needs and learning opportunities by exploring the use of best-practice algorithms across different training levels and specialties. Methods We developed interactive online algorithms (care process models [CPMs]) that integrate current guidelines, recent evidence, and local expertise to represent cross-disciplinary best practices for managing clinical problems. We reviewed CPM usage logs from January 2014 to June 2015 and compared usage across specialty and provider type. Results During the study period, 4009 clinicians (2014 physicians in practice, 1117 resident physicians, and 878 nurse practitioners/physician assistants [NP/PAs]) viewed 140 CPMs a total of 81 764 times. Usage varied from 1 to 809 views per person, and from 9 to 4615 views per CPM. Residents and NP/PAs viewed CPMs more often than practicing physicians. Among 2742 users with known specialties, generalists ( N = 1397) used CPMs more often (mean 31.8, median 7 views) than specialists ( N = 1345; mean 6.8, median 2; P < .0001). The topics used by specialists largely aligned with topics within their specialties. The top 20% of available CPMs (28/140) collectively accounted for 61% of uses. In all, 2106 clinicians (52%) returned to the same CPM more than once (average 7.8 views per topic; median 4, maximum 195). Generalists revisited topics more often than specialists (mean 8.8 vs 5.1 views per topic; P < .0001). Conclusions CPM usage varied widely across topics, specialties, and individual clinicians. Frequently viewed and recurrently viewed topics might warrant special attention. Specialists usually view topics within their specialty and may have unique information needs.
Ammonia Activation, H2 Evolution and Nitride Formation from a Molybdenum Complex with a Chemically and Redox Noninnocent Ligand

Treatment of the bis(imino)pyridine molybdenum η6-benzene complex (iPrPDI)Mo(η6-C6H6) (iPrPDI, 2,6-(2,6-iPr2C6H3N═CMe)2C5H3N) with NH3 resulted in coordination induced haptotropic rearrangement of the arene to form (iPrPDI)Mo(NH3)2(η2-C6H6). Analogous η2-ethylene and η2-cyclohexene complexes were also synthesized, and the latter was crystallographically characterized. All three compounds undergo loss of the η2-coordinated ligand followed by N–H bond activation, bis(imino)pyridine modification, and H2 loss. A dual ammonia activation approach has been discovered whereby reversible M–L cooperativity and coordination induced bond weakening likely contribute to dihydrogen formation. Significantly, the weakened N–H bonds in (iPrPDI)Mo(NH3)2(η2-C2H4) enabled hydrogen atom abstraction and synthesis of a terminal nitride from coordinated ammonia, a key step in NH3 oxidation.
Nurse-Patient Interaction as a Treatment for Antepartum Depression: A Mixed-Methods Analysis [Formula: see text].

BACKGROUND: The U.S. Preventative Services Task Force guidelines recommend pregnant women be screened for depression and adequate systems be in place to treat this condition. OBJECTIVE: This study ...
The role of fluid turbulence on contact electrification of suspended particles

Abstract A probabilistic version of a well-known phenomenological model for contact electrification is used to examine the effect of fluid turbulence on charge development for suspended particles as a function of the particle Stokes number. The distribution of particle collisions and particle charge appear to approach asymptotic states for high values of the Kolmogorov-scale Stokes numbers, exhibiting approximately normal distributions. The influence on particle contact electrification of differences in initial charge carrier density and in particle size are examined.
TRIPS Agreement Flexibilities and Their Limitations: A Response to the UN Secretary-General's High-Level Panel Report on Access to Medicines

Members of the World Trade Organization (“WTO”) must establish minimum standards of patent protection that are consistent with the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (“TRIPS Agreement”), including for pharmaceutical products. In describing the “flexibilities” accorded pursuant to the TRIPS Agreement, however, the Report of the United Nations Secretary-General’s High-Level Panel on Access to Medicines (“HLP Report”) strays far from principles of treaty interpretation under the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties. While the HLP Report correctly identifies and catalogues a number of flexibilities that are explicitly referenced in the patent provisions of the TRIPS Agreement — such as transitional periods for least developed countries or deference relating to patent exhaustion — the HLP Report finds other flexibilities that are derived only from an improper interpretation of the Agreement. Particularly problematic is the HLP Report’s encouragement of WTO Members to make use of a broad “freedom to determine” — for themselves — the meaning of substantive requirements of patentability in the interests of advancing short term access to existing medicines. After describing the principles of treaty interpretation, the article outlines the patent-related TRIPS flexibilities and their limitations, including (i) ex ante flexibilities, relating to the initial grant of the patent, and (ii) ex post flexibilities, relating to the rights conferred to a patent owner. In doing so, the article highlights instances where the HLP Report inappropriately recommends and encourages WTO Members to disregard substantive requirements of the TRIPS Agreement. Finally, the article considers TRIPS-plus protections as an additional “flexibility” available to WTO Members.
Frustration across the periodic table: heterolytic cleavage of dihydrogen by metal complexes.

This perspective examines frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) in the context of heterolytic cleavage of H 2 by transition metal complexes, with an emphasis on molecular complexes bearing an intramolecular Lewis base. FLPs have traditionally been associated with main group compounds, yet many reactions of transition metal complexes support a broader classification of FLPs that includes certain types of transition metal complexes with reactivity resembling main group-based FLPs. This article surveys transition metal complexes that heterolytically cleave H 2 , which vary in the degree that the Lewis pairs within these systems interact. Many of the examples include complexes bearing a pendant amine functioning as the base with the metal functioning as the hydride acceptor. Consideration of transition metal compounds in the context of FLPs can inspire new innovations and improvements in transition metal catalysis. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Frustrated Lewis pair chemistry’.
Phase II study of pazopanib in combination with paclitaxel in patients with metastatic melanoma.

Purpose This phase II study evaluated the safety and clinical activity of pazopanib, a potent and mutlitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFRs)-1, -2 and -3, platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR)-α and β, and cKit, in combination with metronomic paclitaxel in patients with metastatic melanoma.
Beyond Survival: Using Games to Thrive in Lecture

Music theory presents a challenge for both students and instructors. Students enter the course with extremely varied levels of prior knowledge and are expected to become fluent with the nomenclature of the discipline in a relatively short period of time. Adding to the challenge is the fact that music theory is commonly taught in a traditional lecture format, in part because instructors perceive it as efficient lack of training in alternative pedagogical techniques. In order to be successful, a teaching approach for music theory (and other courses with similar characteristics) needs to be both efficient and effective. Theory Survivor is an instructional strategy that utilizes the efficiency of lecture and capitalizes on the academic and social benefits of cooperative learning with the added motivational benefits of a games-based approach. This strategy has an innate popular appeal and capitalizes on group cohesion, extrinsic rewards, and positive peer pressure as motivational factors. Theory Survivor goes beyond mere survival to produce a rich educational environment within which students thrive.
The Simplest Lagrangians

Classical field theory is founded upon the action functional $$S = \int L dx$$ (1.1) where L, the action density or Lagrangian, is a function of the field variables and of their derivatives, and the integral is over all spatial variables and time. The equations of motion are obtained from the principle of least action: the variation of S must vanish under fixed boundary conditions.
Modeling the regulation of oxygen consumption by nitric oxide.

Nitric oxide (NO) is not only a potent gaseous vasodilator regulating blood flow, but also a reversible inhibitor of mitochondrial 02 consumption. Mathematical models for NO biotransport were recently reviewed by Buerk, who pointed out that previous models for 02 transport to tissue must be revised to include multiple effects of NO. To address this issue, we developed and solved coupled mass transport models including O2-dependent properties of NO synthases, Michaelis-Menten kinetics, and known inhibitory effects of NO on mitochondrial 02 consumption, recently reviewed by Brown.
Gray, Lila Ellen. Fado Resounding: Affective Politics and Urban Life. Durham and London: Duke University Press, 2013.

Lila Ellen Gray’s Fado Resounding: Affective Politics and Urban Life has the feel of a magnum opus. Ambitious in its breadth, it is clear from the get-go that this study is no small undertaking. Indeed, this is the first full-length ethnography of Portuguese fado published in English. Gray does not hedge by underpromising, and by the final afterword following six meticulously researched and theorized chapters, she has delivered a major contribution to fado scholarship.