cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A variational framework to model diffusion induced large plastic deformation and phase field fracture during initial two-phase lithiation of silicon electrodes

Abstract Silicon (Si) is considered to be a promising next-generation anode material for lithium-ion batteries. However, the large volume change during (de)lithiation processes causes fracture of Si electrodes, thereby limiting Si’s practical application in lithium-ion batteries. In this work, we formulate a variational-based fully chemo-mechanical coupled computational framework to study diffusion induced large plastic deformation and phase field fracture in Si electrodes. Into this framework we incorporate a recently developed reaction-controlled diffusion model to predict two-phase lithiation for amorphous Si (a-Si) and crystalline Si (c-Si) as well as diffusion induced anisotropic deformation for c-Si. The variational formulation suggests to consider the deformation field, the chemical potential, and the damage field as primary unknowns. The concentration field is considered as a local variable and is recovered from the chemical potential on the element level. We carry out several numerical simulations to show the performance of our computational model and point out the significance of accurately accounting for the presence of the reaction front when modeling diffusion induced fracture problems for both a-Si and c-Si electrodes. In addition, we investigate how the fracture energy release rate, electrode geometry, and geometrical constraints affect the fracture behavior of Si electrodes.
Enigmatic Qualities of the Gifted that Transcend Identification

(2012). Enigmatic Qualities of the Gifted that Transcend Identification. Gifted and Talented International: Vol. 27, No. 2, pp. 53-55.
Telenursing in the United States

Ask an average citizen what nurses do and where and how they do it. Shaped by the popular media, the answer is likely to describe nurses dressed in white uniforms scurrying around a central station in a hospital unit or emergency department, performing treatments or administering medications to their patients lying in bed in the surrounding rooms. While this scenario still exists in many traditional health-care settings, nurses are also practic­ing in a variety of less traditional arenas, one of which involves telehealth nursing, or telenursing.
Hersiliola brachyplura Strand, 1913 belongs to Oecobius (Araneae: Oecobiidae)

Under the spider family Hersiliidae, Platnick (2008) lists as nomina dubia the following two taxa described from “Jaffa-Rehoboth [Rehovot]” in Israel: Hersiliola brachyplura Strand, 1913 and H. brachyplura demaculata Strand, 1914. Platnick (2008) refers to Levy (2003: 25) but Levy, only commented that these taxa belong to the genus Oecobius (Oecobiidae), referring to “Victor Fet, in litt.” for that opinion, without making a formal transfer.
Microstructure of Crystallizable α-Olefin Molecular Bottlebrushes: Isotactic and Atactic Poly(1-octadecene)

Isotactic and atactic poly(1-octadecene) (iPOD and aPOD) have been synthesized by organometallic coordinative insertion polymerization of 1-octadecene. Analyzing X-ray and neutron scattering data of POD melts identifies their bottlebrush structures as flexible rods where the rod length is the extended backbone length and rod radius is the side chain coil dimension. Upon cooling, both iPOD and aPOD melts crystallize by fully extending their coiled side chains to form orthorhombic alkane crystals in iPOD and nematically ordered rotator alkane crystals in aPOD, as determined by X-ray scattering and Raman spectroscopy. Molecular dynamics simulations of isotactic and atactic 48-mers of 1-octadecene were applied to define and verify melt and crystalline structures and scattering peak assignments, respectively. Modeling suggests that side chains of both crystallized isotactic and atactic PODs align at 70° and 160° to the 4/1 spiral backbone of equal probability, at an average of 115°, and POD chains pack in an a...
Sensation seeking moderates television's cultivation of alcohol and tobacco beliefs: Evidence from a national study of French adolescents.

Abstract Background Television (TV) is a key socialization agent, especially amongst youth. According to cultivation theory, youth heavily exposed to TV content, where positive images of smoking and drinking abound, should hold more positive beliefs concerning drinking and smoking outcomes. This research investigates the role of the sensation-seeking personality trait in moderating this TV cultivation effect. Methods A French national research company contacted its panel members with children aged 13–17. Parents completed a short survey and were asked for consent for their child to participate in a study. The children were then contacted, informed, and asked for assent. Assenters completed a survey that included measures of TV exposure, personality traits, drinking and smoking behaviors, and beliefs about the outcomes associated with drinking and smoking (expectancies). Parental drinking, smoking, and strictness were included as controls. Results Survey data from 1040 adolescents (54.2% males) and their parents reveal that the relationship between cumulative TV exposure and drinking and smoking behavior, mediated through expectancies, is strongest amongst high sensation seeking adolescents. The moderated mediation analysis shows that sensation seeking trait moderates the relationship between TV exposure and the beliefs adolescents hold about the consequences of alcohol and tobacco use, which themselves are related to greater likelihood to engage in substance use. Conclusion Key personality traits and TV exposure levels must be accounted for to identify youth at risk of using substances at a time when many lifelong maladaptive behaviors and beliefs form.
The Influence of Salinity, pH, Temperature and Particles on Produced Water Oil Quantification Precision and Accuracy with Confocal Laser Fluorescence Microscopy

The present study investigates the effects of different produced water parameters, such as salinity, pH, temperature, and presence of colloidal particles, in oil quantification using confocal laser fluorescence microscopy (CLFM). The study simulates different produced water samples, which typically contains a mixture of oil, salts, and different concentrations of particles. The accuracy of the quantification was not affected by the environmental condition for any of the conditions investigated. On the other hand, under extreme environmental conditions, such as high pH (pH 8), salinity (250000 ppm), and temperatures (60 °C), the precision of the CLFM oil quantification was reduced. Changes in the average oil droplet size upon variation of the environmental conditions generally correlated with the change in CLFM measurement precision. Interfacial tension and DLVO interactions were further evaluated to gain a better mechanistic understanding of how the environmental conditions affect the size or colloidal st...
Human immunodeficiency virus infection of human bone marrow stromal fibroblasts

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) preferentially infects CD4 positive T cells and monocytes. Other human cell types have been reported to be infectable with HIV, including cells of mesenchymal origin. In this report, we show that both primary human bone marrow stromal fibroblasts and an immortalized human stromal fibroblast line are susceptible to HIV infection. These cells are capable of passing HIV to cells of lymphoid or myeloid lineage, and may thereby act as a reservoir of virus. This in vitro system may be a useful model for assessing the pathophysiology of hematopoietic dysfunction in AIDS patients.
Structure of Complex Operons

In 1961 and 1965, Jacob and Monod unified and systematized many of the facts then known about genetic regulation in bacteria. Starting with two prototypic examples, the lac operon of Escherichia coli and the bacteriophage lambda (which is more complex, but has many features in common with the lac operon), these authors developed a general scheme for regulation that might have been extendable to all genes of all organisms. This scheme has provided a conceptual nucleus and a source of terminology for almost all subsequent discussions of regulation, even though further experimentation has revealed some facts that could not be directly assimilated into the original framework of this scheme without modification or expansion.
Development of a robust, efficient process to produce scalable, superconducting kilopixel far-IR detector arrays

The far-IR band is uniquely suited to study the physical conditions in the interstellar medium from nearby sources out to the highest redshifts. FIR imaging and spectroscopy instrumentation using incoherent superconducting bolometers represents a high sensitivity technology for many future suborbital and space missions, including the Origins Space Telescope. Robust, high sensitivity detector arrays with several 104 pixels, large focal plane filling factors, and low cosmic ray cross sections that operate over the entire far-IR regime are required for such missions. These arrays could consist of smaller sub-arrays, in case they are tileable. The TES based Backshort Under Grid array architecture which our group has fielded in a number of FIR cameras, is a good candidate to meet these requirements: BUGs are tileable, and with the integration of the SQUID multiplexer scaleable beyond wafer sizes; they provide high filling factors, low cosmic cross section and have been demonstrated successfully in far-infrared astronomical instrumentation. However, the production of BUGs with integrated readout multiplexers has many time and resource consuming process steps. In order to meet the requirement of robustness and efficiency on the production of future arrays, we have developed a new method to provide the superconducting connection of BUG detectors to the readout multiplexers or general readout boards behind the detectors. This approach should allow us to reach the goal to produce reliable, very large detector arrays for future FIR missions.
Anxiety Symptoms, Depressive Symptoms, and Traditional Chinese Medicine Use in U.S. Chinese Older Adults.

This study examined the association between anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) use among U.S. Chinese older adults. Data was obtained from the Population Study of Chinese Elderly in Chicago (N = 3157; mean age = 72.8). Anxiety symptoms were assessed with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS‐A). Depressive symptoms were assessed with the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). TCM modalities included herbal products, acupuncture, massage therapy, Taichi, and other types of TCM. Although not significant, there was a trend indicating that higher levels of anxiety symptoms showed a higher rate of acupuncture use and massage therapy. Older Chinese Americans with depressive symptoms were more likely to use acupuncture and massage therapy; and they were less likely to use other TCM. Future research is needed to identify reasons for TCM use; and how these factors mediate or moderate the relationship between psychiatric symptoms and TCM use.
Preservice teachers’ beliefs about high-stakes testing and their working environments

In this exploratory mixed methods survey study, we assess preservice teachers’ (n=379) experiences with and beliefs about their high-stakes testing experiences and analyze how they relate to their beliefs about the role and efficacy of high-stakes testing in education and their future profession. Using Likert, vignette, and open-ended response opportunities, we gauged preservice teachers’ beliefs about accountability and the role of high-stakes testing in three ways: (a) what are their personal experiences with high-stakes testing, (b) what are their their beliefs about accountability and high-stakes testing in general, and (c) what role does accountability (and testing pressures) play in their future workplace preferences? Results indicate that preservice teachers’ experiences with and beliefs about high-stakes testing accountability vary based on gender, ethnicity, and previous experiences with high-stakes tests. Importantly, although in aggregate our participants reported they generally disliked the high-stakes tests they personally had to take in high school, subgroup analyses reveal that for those who took them during the NCLB era, they also saw high-stakes tests as good thing for education overall. Preservice teachers who were younger and “grew up” under NCLB and the height of high-stakes testing believed high-stakes tests to be a waste of time for them personally, but a useful way to evaluate teachers as an educational policy. Vignette and qualitative analyses of workplace preferences and rationales underscore some of the assumptions our preservice teachers hold about high-stakes testing as a policy mechanism to help explain this finding. We conclude with implications for policy and future research.
Impact of reduced rates of 2,4-D and glyphosate on sweetpotato growth and yield

A major concern of sweetpotato producers is the potential negative effects from herbicide drift or sprayer contamination events when dicamba is applied to nearby dicamba-resistant crops. A field study was initiated in 2014 and repeated in 2015 to assess the effects of reduced rates of N,N-Bis-(3-aminopropyl)methylamine (BAPMA) or diglycloamine (DGA) salt of dicamba, glyphosate, or a combination of these individually in separate trials with glyphosate on sweetpotato. Reduced rates of 1/10, 1/100, 1/250, 1/500, 1/750, and 1/1,000 of the 1× use rate of each dicamba formulation at 0.56 kg ha−1, glyphosate at 1.12 kg ha−1, and a combination of the two at aforementioned rates were applied to ‘Beauregard’ sweetpotato at storage root formation (10 d after transplanting) in one trial and storage root development (30 d after transplanting) in a separate trial. Injury with each salt of dicamba (BAPMA or DGA) applied alone or with glyphosate was generally equal to or greater than glyphosate applied alone at equivalent rates, indicating that injury is most attributable to the dicamba in the combination. There was a quadratic increase in crop injury and a quadratic decrease in crop yield (with respect to most yield grades) observed with an increased herbicide rate of dicamba applied alone or in combination with glyphosate applied at storage root development. However, with a few exceptions, neither this relationship nor the significance of herbicide rate was observed on crop injury or sweetpotato yield when herbicide application occurred at the storage root formation stage. In general, crop injury and yield reduction were greatest at the highest rate (1/10×) of either salt of dicamba applied alone or in combination with glyphosate, although injury observed at lower rates would be cause for concern after initial observation by sweetpotato producers. However, in some cases yield reduction of No.1 and marketable grades was observed following 1/250×, 1/100×, or 1/10× application rates of dicamba alone or with glyphosate when applied at storage root development.
Strain-induced excitonic instability in twisted bilayer graphene

The low-energy bands of twisted bilayer graphene form Dirac cones with approximate electron-hole symmetry at small rotation angles. These crossings are protected by the emergent symmetries of moir\'e patterns, conferring a topological character to the bands. Strain accumulated between layers (heterostrain) shifts the Dirac points both in energy and momentum. The overlap of conduction and valence bands favors an excitonic instability of the Fermi surface close to the neutrality point. The spontaneous condensation of electron-hole pairs breaks time-reversal symmetry and the separate conservation of charge within each valley sector. The order parameter describes interlayer circulating currents in a Kekul\'e-like orbital magnetization density wave. Vortices in this order parameter carry fermion numbers owing to the underlying topology of the bands. This mechanism may explain the occurrence of insulating states at neutrality in the most homogeneous samples, where uniform strain fields contribute to both stabilizing the relative orientation between layers and to the formation of an excitonic gap.
Pediatric foreign bodies of the ear: A 10-year national analysis.

Abstract Objectives To estimate the incidence of emergency department visits for pediatric ear foreign bodies. To identify the most common items and their trends. Methods The Nationwide Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) was queried for emergency department visits involving the diagnosis of foreign bodies in the ear including pinna and canal in children over the most recent 10-year span available. National incidence estimates and demographic data were extracted from the same database. Results Ear foreign bodies in children made up an estimated total 446,819 ED visits nationwide over the past 10 years. The mean age was 7.2 ± 4.3 years old. The majority (55.6%, n = 248,531) of cases were female. The most common class of objects found was jewelry, primarily embedded earrings and beads, accounting for 55.5% visits, followed by paper products at 7.1%, pens and pencils at 4.1%, desk supplies (erasers) at 3.7%, BBs or pellets at 3.5%, and earplugs and earphones at 3%. Females were significantly more likely to have jewelry foreign bodies, and males were significantly more likely to have foreign bodies from all other categories other than first-aid supplies. Conclusion Foreign bodies of the ear are a common reason for emergency department visits in children, primarily jewelry, paper products, and desk supplies. Recognition of commonly encountered objects can aid in both speedier recognition of unknown objects, as well as guide patient counseling.
Improving Obesity and Insulin Resistance by Targeting Skeletal Muscle MKP-1

Obesity has reached a global epidemic and it predisposes to the development of insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and related metabolic diseases. Current interventions against obesity and/or type 2 diabetes such as calorie restriction, exercise, genetic manipulations or established pharmacological treatments have not been successful for many patients with obesity and/or type 2 diabetes. There is an urgent need for new strategies to treat insulin resistance, T2D and obesity. Increased activity of stress-responsive pathways has been linked to the pathogenesis of insulin resistance in obesity. In this commentary, we argue that chronic upregulation of MKP-1 in skeletal muscle is part of a stress response that contributes to the development of insulin resistance, T2D and obesity. Therefore, inhibition of MKP-1 in skeletal muscle is a potential strategy for the treatment of T2D and obesity. We highlight therapeutic strategies for potential targeting of MKP-1 in skeletal muscle for the treatment of metabolic diseases as well as other diseases of skeletal muscle.
Active-Sensing Structural Health Monitoring via Statistical Learning: An Experimental Study Under Varying Damage and Loading States

Active-sensing acousto-ultrasound structural health monitoring (SHM) constitutes an important family of methods for both metallic and composite structures. However, the presence of varying operational and environmental conditions in the real world can significantly affect their accuracy and robustness in the face of uncertainty. In this context, statistical learning methods that can be based on Gaussian Process regression models (GPRMs) and statistical time-series models can be incorporated in the damage diagnostic process to account for and properly represent such uncertainties. Towards this end, the main objective of this paper is the postulation and experimental assessment of two statistical learning approaches, based on GPRMs and time-varying time series models, for active sensing SHM under varying structural and loading states under uncertainty. The proposed methods involve GPRM representation of the non-linear mapping between the actual states with (i) traditional damage indices (DIs) and (ii) parameters of time-dependent autoregressive (TAR) models. The experimental validation and comparative assessment is based on a series of experiments on an aluminum coupon outfitted with a network of piezoelectric actuators/sensors subjected to different static loads under increasing damage size.
Competitive Outsourcing: Choosing between Value-Added Services and Key Component Supplying Capability

We examine outsourcing strategies of two competing firms. Each of the firms outsources product manufacturing to one of the two manufacturers. In addition to product manufacturing, the first manufacturer also produces a key component that is required by every product. On the other hand, the second manufacturer provides additional services that enhance product value. We characterize the firms’ equilibrium choice of outsourced manufacturers. We demonstrate that difference in the manufacturers’ operational advantages can result in asymmetric outsourcing decisions for ex-ante symmetric firms. Firm profitability can be Pareto improved when the manufacturer who produces the key component gains first-mover advantage. Moreover, that manufacturer can benefit from the entrance of a competitor in the key component market. Finally, even though the firms select their outsourced manufacturers based on self-interest, the resulting equilibrium outsourcing scenario can be the one that also maximizes profitability of the manufacturers and the entire supply chain.
We Were All Brits (1851–1914)

The point of departure for this narrative is the consummation, by 1851, of British world hegemony, which rests on the industrial and democratic revolutions and the appealing ideologies of free-trade and comparative advantage. The chapter tours the world showing how the different regions were opened by these ideologies, resulting in the articulation of the first industrial global economy. The chapter ends focusing on the three forces that did not fall into hegemonic line, two states and one ideology: Germany, the United States, and communism. These forces come front and center in the next chapter.
FDTD-how complex a problem can we solve?

Summary form only given. The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method is a straightforward solution approach for Maxwell's equations that involves no linear algebra. Being a fully explicit computation, FDTD avoids the difficulties with linear algebra that limit the size of frequency-domain integral-equation and finite-element models to order (10/sup 6/) field unknowns. FDTD models with as many as 10/sup 9/ unknowns have been run. From a computational standpoint, there is no intrinsic upper bound to this number, except for the possibility of unacceptable error accumulation in the propagating numerical wave modes in the FDTD space lattice as the problem size increases indefinitely. This paper explores the potential impact of advances in computer capabilities and FDTD algorithms upon the maximum feasible size and complexity of three-dimensional FDTD electromagnetic wave models.
Implication of improved upper bounds on |ΔL|=2 processes

Abstract We discuss implications of improved upper bounds on the |ΔL|=2 processes (i) K+→π−μ+μ+, from an experiment at BNL, and (ii) μ−→e+ conversion, from an experiment at PSI. In particular, we address the issue of constraints on neutrino masses and mixing, and on supersymmetric models with R-parity violation.
Mining API Error-Handling Specifications from Source Code

API error-handling specifications are often not documented, necessitating automated specification mining. Automated mining of error-handling specifications is challenging for procedural languages such as C, which lack explicit exception-handling mechanisms. Due to the lack of explicit exception handling, error-handling code is often scattered across different procedures and files making it difficult to mine error-handling specifications through manual inspection of source code. In this paper, we present a novel framework for mining API error-handling specifications automatically from API client code, without any user input. In our framework, we adapt a trace generation technique to distinguish and generate static traces representing different API run-time behaviors. We apply data mining techniques on the static traces to mine specifications that define correct handling of API errors. We then use the mined specifications to detect API error-handling violations. Our framework mines 62 error-handling specifications and detects 264 real error-handling defects from the analyzed open source packages.
The Biopsychosocial Model: “Reports of My Death Have Been Greatly Exaggerated”

In 1952, The British psychologist, H. J. Eysenck published a landmark study essentially concluding that psychotherapy was ineffective. Coincidently, at the time that Eysenck announced his findings, the number of psychologists providing psychotherapy was increasing dramatically (Norcross et al. 2011). Eysenck’s (1952) study was an obvious threat to a rapidly growing profession. The next 25 years were characterized by multiple studies refuting Eysenck’s claim culminating in one of the earliest published meta-analyses which concluded that the average person receiving psychotherapy was better off than 75 % of untreated individuals (Smith and Glass 1977) To date, The Rise and Fall of the Biopsychosocial Model has not incited a scholarly response comparable to that provoked by Eysenck. However, in the 5 years since the book appeared, Ghamei’s (2010) work has been widely cited by both advocates and critics of the biopsychosocial (BPS) model. As the book’s title suggests, Ghaemi devotes over 200 pages to challenging and systematically dismantling a theory that has become a mainstay of North American medical school curricula and postgraduate psychiatric education. Yet, it appears that the BPS may still be alive and well with recently published applications to orthopedics (Ayers et al. 2013), cardiology (Kirian et al. 2012), obstetrics and gynecology (Edozien 2015), as well as pediatrics and internal medicine (Crosby et al. 2015). While the psychiatrist, Roy Grinker used the term ‘‘biopsychosocial’’ in 1952, Engel (1977) is typically credited with describing the current version of the BPS in a 1977 Science article, ‘The need for a new medical model: A challenge to biomedicine.’ Engel argued that the prevailing biomedical worldview was outdated
Beitrag zur Kenntnis von Depressaria silesiaca Heinemann, 1870 (Lep. Oecophoridae)

Es wird uber Typenverbleib, Biologie und Verbreitung von Depressaria silesiaca Heinemann berichtet. Neben Abbildungen des Falters findet man Zeichnungen des mannlichen und weiblichen Kopulationsapparates.
Understanding Foreclosure Risk: The Role of Nativity and Gender:

Drawing on qualitative interviews and fieldwork, this paper examines the risk factors that lead families into mortgage default and foreclosure risk. While neoliberal ideology and policy recognize lower-income families as at greater risk, in this paper we argue that immigrants and women experience particular risks – separation and divorce, the expense of remittances, poorer treatment in rental markets, and conflicting experience of ownership between the United States and country of origin. When these differences are ignored, social policies cannot respond adequately to the disproportionate risk that women and immigrants face to homeownership.
CLASSIFICATION OF THE VAN HOVE SCENARIO AS AN SO(8) SPECTRUM-GENERATING ALGEBRA

The various nesting and pairing instabilities of the generalized Van Hove scenario can be classified via an SO(8) spectrum-generating algebra. An SO(6) subgroup is an approximate symmetry group of the model, having two six-dimensional representations ({open_quotes}superspins{close_quotes}). This group contains as subgroups both the SO(5) and SO(4) groups found by Zhang, while one superspin is a combination of Zhang{close_quote}s five-component superspin with a flux phase instability; the other includes a charge-density-wave instability plus s-wave superconductivity. This is the smallest group that can describe both striped phases and superconductivity. {copyright} {ital 1998} {ital The American Physical Society}
A comparison of various estimators of the mean of an inverse gaussian distribution

In this paper we consider the Inverse Gaussian distribution whose variance is proportional to the mean. Assuming that the data are available from IGD(,μ,c,μ 2), and also from its length biased version, simulation studies are presented to compare the MVUE and MLE in terms of their variances and mean square errors from both kinds of data. Some tables and graphs are provided to analyze the comparisons. Finally, some recommendations and conclusions are given when one or both kinds of data are available.
The importance of being earnestly selfish.

Agonist encounter can divert thymocytes into several unconventional T cell subsets, many of which exhibit regulatory properties. Unexpected findings indicate that agonist selection can drive the differentiation of interleukin 17–producing cells in the thymus.
Effectiveness of large catalyst pellets—An experimental study

The effectiveness of the interior surface of porous catalyst pellets was studied by measuring rates of reaction for the oxidation of carbon monoxide. The data were obtained with 10% NiO-on-alumina catalyst for particles of catalyst and for 3/4-inch spherical pellets made from the particles. Pellet rates of reaction per unit mass decreased with increasing pellet density as a consequence of the increased diffusion resistance. Rates per pellet showed a flat maximum as the density increased, as a result of the counter effects of increasing diffusion resistance and increasing surface area per pellet. Attempts to predict the pellet rates of reaction from the particle rate data failed. Errors in diffusivities and the presence of a skin diffusion effect do not appear to explain the discrepancy between predicted and observed effectiveness factors. The blocking of micropores during the pelletting process is suggested as a contributing factor.
Interferon Regulatory Factor-2 Directs Transcription from the gp91phox Promoter

Repressor elements in the gp91phox promoter are necessary to restrict tissue-specific transcription to mature phagocytes. Deletion of these elements leads to significant promoter activity in cell lines such as HEL and K562 that do not normally express gp91phox. The −100 to +12 base pair gp91phox promoter region is sufficient to direct maximal de-repressed transcription in these cells. However, promoter activity is dramatically decreased following a 16-base pair truncation that deletes an interferon-stimulated response element. This element interacts with IRF-1 and IRF-2, members of the interferon regulatory factor family of transcription factors. In addition, this promoter region is bound by a factor with properties similar to BID, a DNA-binding protein that also interacts with three upstream sites within the gp91phox promoter. Transient transfection studies using mutated promoters indicate that both the IRF and BID binding sites are required for maximal gp91phox promoter activity. Overexpression of IRF-1 or IRF-2 in K562 cells leads to transactivation of gp91phox promoter constructs, which is dependent on the presence of an intact IRF binding site. IRF-2 predominates in macrophages that express the gp91phox gene as well as in HEL and K562 cells. We conclude that IRF-2 and BID activate gp91phox promoter activity in the absence of transcriptional repression.
Diagnostics and Technical Status Monitoring of Electric Fuel Pumps for Aircrafts

The paper outlines selected operational problems associated with electric fuel pumps that are indispensable to build-up positive pressure upstream the plunger pump of turbojet engines. Any failure of that electric pump may lead to suction of air into the plunger pump and eventually the engine flameout. Comparison is made between two electric drives for fuel pumps: a three phase 115/208 VG, 400 Hz AC drive and a 26V DC drive. Attention is paid to serviceability of pumps and capacities of the AFIT to diagnose and monitor technical status of electric fuel pumps.
Autocrosslinkable methyl‐2‐phenylethylpolysiloxane stationary phase for capillary column gas chromatography

Methyl-2-phenylethylpolysiloxane polymers have been synthesized for comparison with methylphenylpolysiloxane stationary phases for gas chromatography. The 50% 2-phenylethyl polysiloxane was found to be autocrosslinkable at 260°C without addition of free redical initiator. Although the selectivity of this phase appears to be similar to the 50% phenyl polysiloxane, its thermal stability is not as high.
Effect of sulindac sulfide on metallohydrolases in the human colon cancer cell line HT-29

Matrix metalloproteinase 7 (MMP7), a metallohydrolase involved in the development of several cancers, is downregulated in the ApcMin/+ colon cancer mouse model following sulindac treatment. To determine whether this effect is relevant to the human condition, HT-29 human colon cancer cells were treated with sulindac and its metabolites, and compared to results obtained from in vivo mouse studies. The expression of MMP7 was monitored. The results demonstrated that sulindac sulfide effectively downregulated both MMP7 expression and activity. Furthermore, activity-based proteomics demonstrated that sulindac sulfide dramatically decreased the activity of leukotriene A4 hydrolase in HT-29 cells as reflected by a decrease in the level of its product, leukotriene B4. This study demonstrates that the effect of sulindac treatment in a mouse model of colon cancer may be relevant to the human counterpart and highlights the effect of sulindac treatment on metallohydrolases.
Food intake in rhesus monkeys following central administration of orexins.

Abstract Orexin A has been reported to stimulate food intake in rats while orexin B does not. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of orexin A or orexin B administration on food intake in adult, male rhesus monkeys. Food intake was measured at 2 and 8 h after the morning feeding following central injections of vehicle, orexin A (10, or 20 μg) or orexin B (10, 30, or 100 μg). When compared to vehicle injections, the 10 and 20 μg doses of orexin A decreased food intake at 2 h post-dose by 45% and 64%, respectively. Eight-hour food intake was decreased at only the 20 μg orexin A dose. Orexin B at all doses and time points did not alter food intake when compared to vehicle. These results indicate that orexin A exhibits anorectic activity while orexin B does not affect food intake in the rhesus monkey.
Asymmetry potentials, metabolism and sodium fluxes in gills of the blue crab, Callinectes sapidus

Abstract 1. 1. Blood Na+ concentrations of Callinectes sapidus were measured after acclimation of the animals to various salinities. Callinectes regulates hyperosmotically in salinities doww to fresh water. 2. 2. Respiration of isolated gill pieces is inhibited by ouabain and Na+-free medium but not by a Cl]−-free medium. 3. 3. Potential differences between blood and medium in intact animals were measured in different salinities in Callinectes sapidus, Carcinus maenas and Libinia emarginata. The euryhaline crabs have negative blood potentials in 50 per cent and 100 per cent sea water and positive potentials in 150 per cent sea water, while the stenohaline Libinia shows no blood potentials. 4. 4. Potentials across isolated Callinectes gills were measured in different salinities and are of opposite sign from the calculated diffusion potentials. 5. 5. Replacement of Na+ by choline or Cl− by acetate or sulfate changed the gill potentials from positive to negative, and addition of ouabain or DNP reduced these negative potentials to near zero. 6. 6. Sodium fluxes were measured across the gills and a net influx was found in the absence of an electrochemical gradient.
Simulations of nonuniform embossing: The effect of asymmetric neighbor cavities on polymer flow during nanoimprint lithography

This paper presents continuum simulations of viscous polymer flow during nanoimprint lithography (NIL) for embossing tools having irregular spacings and sizes. Simulations varied non-uniform embossing tool geometry to distinguish geometric quantities governing cavity filling order, polymer peak deformation, and global mold filling times. A characteristic NIL velocity predicts cavity filling order. In general, small cavities fill more quickly than large cavities, while cavity spacing modulates polymer deformation mode. Individual cavity size, not total filling volume, dominates replication time, with large differences in individual cavity size resulting in non-uniform, squeeze flow filling. High density features can be modeled as a solid indenter in squeeze flow to accurately predict polymer flow and allow for optimization of wafer-scale replication. The present simulations make it possible to design imprint templates capable of distributing pressure evenly across the mold surface and facilitating symmetric polymer flow over large areas to prevent mold deformation and non-uniform residual layer thickness.
Immediate versus delayed one-stage sternal débridement and pectoralis muscle flap reconstruction of deep sternal wound infections.

Background:The management of postoperative deep sternal wound infection varies widely based on the discretion of the cardiovascular surgeon and the plastic surgeon.Methods:Analysis of patients with deep sternal wound infection undergoing one-step radical sternal debridement and muscle flap reconstru
On the steady-state error of the fading memory filter

The steady-state error of the fading memory filter is studied for stable, two-dimensional models with an uncertainty in the form of a constant, unknown control input. For a set of these models, it is observed that any age-weighting of the data can cause an error greater than that of the Kalman filter. This contradicts previous assumptions about the fading memory filter.
Plant strategies for resistance to pathogens

Abstract Genetic dissection of the various responses that plants activate upon recognition of pathogen attack have made clear that the plant is able to induce not only local defenses but also a carefully regulated mixture of different systemically induced defense mechanisms. In Arabidopsis , much progress in defining the underlying molecular mechanisms of systemic acquired resistance has been achieved and additional disease resistant mutants have been identified from diverse screens.
Urinary excretion of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) and related indoles in normal subjects.

Abstract A new procedure for determining urinary serotonin in normal subjects was presented. In 23 normals, mean serotonin excretion was 5.28 ± 1.95 μg/h. An improved 5-HIAA test was given. It can be used as a screening method in suspected metastatic carcinoid syndrome patients or for obtaining rapid 5-HIAA results in metabolically normal subjects not taking interfering drugs. A longer and more specific 5-HIAA method was described wherein 5-HIAA and 5-HTP were separated from each other and from serotonin and all three measured independently. Normal subjects failed to show significant increases in urinary serotonin excretion following ingestion of bananas, although their 5-HIAA output levels may approach levels characteristic for metastatic carcinoid patients. 5-HTP determination may be a useful adjunct to urinary serotonin and 5-HIAA in the diagnosis of metastatic carcinoid syndrome, but is subject to severe interference by phenacetin-containing drugs.
Synthesis of [11C]dapoxetine.HCl, a serotonin re-uptake inhibitor: biodistribution in rat and preliminary PET imaging in the monkey.

[11C]Dapoxetine.HCl, S-(+)-N,N-dimethyl-a-[2-(naphthalenyloxy)ethyl] benzenemethanamine hydrochloride, a potent serotonin re-uptake inhibitor was prepared from its mono-methyl precursor, S-(+)-N-methyl-a-[2-(naphthalenyloxy)ethyl]benzene methanamine hydrochloride. Biodistribution was determined in rats at 5, 30 and 60 min after injection and preliminary PET studies were performed in a Rhesus monkey. 11CH3I was bubbled into a solution of S-(+)-N-methyl-alpha-[2-(naphthalenyloxy)ethyl]benzene methanamine hydrochloride (3.0 mg in DMSO) and the mixture was heated at 110 degrees C for 8 min. [11C]Dapoxetine.HCl was purified by HPLC on a C18 cartridge eluted with MeOH:phosphate buffer, pH 7,2 (75:25) with a 10% yield (end of synthesis). The time required for the synthesis was 40 min, from the end of bombardment. Radiochemical purity of the final product was > 99% and specific activity was routinely > 400 mCi/mumol [EOS]. In the biodistribution studies the highest concentration (%ID/g +/- SEM) of dapoxetine.HCl was detected in lung: 4.56 +/- 0.27 (5 min), 1.28 +/- 0.18 (30 min) and 0.67 +/- 0.04 (60 min). Brain accumulation was 0.76 +/- 0.02 (5 min), 0.46 +/- 0.04 (30 min) and 0.27 +/- 0.01 (60 min). Preliminary PET studies demonstrated significant displaceable binding in the cerebral cortex and subcortical grey matter. These results demonstrate that [11C]dapoxetine.HCl can be prepared in high purity and may be useful for the in vivo evaluation of serotonin re-uptake mechanisms.
Orthodromic temporalis tendon transfer: anatomical considerations.

Objectives To define (1) at-risk structures during the orthodromic temporalis tendon transfer and (2) achievable tendon length without temporal releasing incisions or perioral lengthening materials. Methods Ten fresh cadavers provided 20 hemifaces for dissection. Measurements and photographic documentation were used to examine the parotid duct, masseteric artery, inferior alveolar nerve, internal maxillary artery, and mobilized tendon relative to adjacent landmarks. Results The parotid duct was found in a reproducible region posterior to the melolabial crease and inferior to a parotid duct reference line. The masseteric artery was found posterior to the posterior-most attachment of the tendon at its exit from the sigmoid notch (mean, 14.5 mm). The inferior alveolar nerve was found posterior to the anterior edge of the ascending ramus (mean, 18.3 mm). The internal maxillary artery coursed superiorly from posterior to anterior along the medial mandible near the coronoidectomy site. The tendon reached beyond the melolabial crease in 17 of 20 hemifaces (85%). Conclusions The parotid duct reference line and the melolabial crease allow estimation of the parotid duct location. Anatomical relationships between the tendon, parotid duct, neurovasculature, and anatomical landmarks underscore the importance of deliberate soft-tissue retraction and subperiostial elevation to minimize injury. The tendon alone usually provides adequate length for orthodromic suspension.
The elementary learning disability process group and the school psychologist

This paper proposes a model of a process group conducted with elemetary learning disabled students. The school psychologist is proposed as leader of the group. Five goals are identified and the process of the group is discussed. Specific procedures are mentioned to enable the school psychologist to conduct a process group. The process group can be an effective addition to the various intervention strategies used with learning disabled children.
Dendritic cell microvilli: a novel membrane structure associated with the multifocal synapse and T-cell clustering

Polarizing effects of productive dendritic cell (DC)–T-cell interactions on DC cytoskeleton have been known in some detail, but the effects on DC membrane have been studied to a lesser extent. We found that T-cell incubation led to DC elongation and segregation of characteristic DC veils to the broader pole of the cell. On the opposite DC pole, we observed a novel membrane feature in the form of bundled microvilli. Each villus was approximately 100 nm in diameter and 600 to 1200 nm long. Microvilli exhibited high density of antigen-presenting molecules and costimulatory molecules and provided the physical basis for the multifocal immune synapse we observed during human DC and T-cell interactions. T cells preferentially bound to this site in clusters often contained both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells.
Neural network modeling of physical properties of ground wheat.

ABSTRACT Physical properties of ground materials from roller mills are affected by the characteristics of wheat and the operational parameters of the roller mill. Backpropagation neural networks were designed, trained, and tested for the prediction of three physical properties of ground wheat: geometric mean diameter (GMD), specific surface area increase (SSAI), and break release (BR). Eight independent variables were used as input data. Compared to conventional statistical models, the accuracy of prediction was improved substantially, as reflected by the significant reduction in root mean squared error (RMS), relative error (RE), and the increase in coefficient of determination R2 (>0.98). The neural network models are, therefore, capable of predicting the physical properties of the ground wheat.
Predicting responses to climate change requires all life-history stages

The bog fritillary butterfly (Bolaria eunomia) alights onto Persicaria bistorta. This species of butterfly can be found in bogs, moist tundra, and willow seeps throughout the north-temperate region of the Northern Hemisphere. Photo: Camille Turlure. In Focus: Radchuk, V., Turlure, C. & Schtickzelle, N. (2013) Each life stage matters: the importance of assessing response to climate change over the complete life cycle in butterflies. Journal of Animal Ecology, 82, 275–285. Population-level responses to climate change depend on many factors, including unexpected interactions among life history attributes; however, few studies examine climate change impacts over complete life cycles of focal species. Radchuk, Turlure & Schtickzelle (2013) used experimental and modelling approaches to predict population dynamics for the bog fritillary butterfly under warming scenarios. Although they found that warming improved fertility and survival of all stages with one exception, populations were predicted to decline because overwintering larvae, whose survival declined with warming, were disproportionately important contributors to population growth. This underscores the importance of considering all life history stages in analyses of climate change's effects on population dynamics.
Poly(styrene-co-vinylbenzophenone) as Photoactive Antimicrobial and Selfdecontaminating Materials

Photoactive structures such as benzophe- none chromophoric groups were incorporated onto poly- mers by using a Friedel-Crafts acylation reaction. The structures and properties of the resultant polymers, poly (styrene-co-vinylbenzophenone) were evaluated as the ratio of benzoyl chloride to phenyl groups in polystyrene in the acylation bath increased. The results proved that the poly (styrene-co-vinylbenzophenone) in different contents of benzophenone groups was successfully prepared, and the contents of the benzophenone chromophoric group branched in the resultant polymer increased as the amount of benzoyl chloride in acylation bath increased. Also, the poly (styrene-co-vinylbenzophenone) copolymers revealed superior special activities such as antibacterial abil- ity. � 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 109: 3173- 3179, 2008