cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Acute cocaine increases phosphorylation of CaMKII and GluA1 in the dorsolateral striatum of drug naïve rats, but not cocaine-experienced rats

Transport of GluA1-containing AMPA glutamate receptors to synapses in the nucleus accumbens, a process that involves phosphorylation of key serine residues by CaMKII, is associated with the reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behavior. A growing body of evidence indicates that the dorsal striatum contributes to aspects of cocaine addiction. However, the potential role of CaMKII-mediated phosphorylation of GluA1 subunits in the dorsolateral (DL) striatum during cocaine reinstatement has not been examined. In this study, rats were trained to self-administer cocaine and were partnered with saline-yoked rats that received injections of saline. Following extinction, each pair of rats received either a systemic priming injection of cocaine (10 mg/kg, i.p.) or saline. As expected, cocaine-experienced rats displayed robust reinstatement of cocaine seeking in response to a challenge injection, whereas yoked saline controls did not. The DL striatum was dissected immediately following the reinstatement test session. Results from Western blotting experiments showed increased pGluA1-ser831 and pCaMKII-thr286 in the DL striatum of saline-yoked rats given an acute injection of cocaine. This effect was absent in cocaine-experienced rats that received a saline injection, and no changes were observed following a priming injection of cocaine in cocaine-experienced rats. These results indicate that acute exposure to cocaine in drug naive rats increased CaMKII-mediated phosphorylation of GluA1-containing AMPA receptors in the DL striatum, an effect that was not observed during cocaine priming-induced reinstatement of drug seeking. It is possible; therefore, that increased phosphorylation of CaMKII and GluA1 following acute cocaine is a compensatory mechanism in the DL striatum.
Achieving optimal essential fatty acid status in vegetarians: current knowledge and practical implications

Although vegetarian diets are generally lower in total fat, saturated fat, and cholesterol than are nonvegetarian diets, they provide comparable levels of essential fatty acids. Vegetarian, especially vegan, diets are relatively low in alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) compared with linoleic acid (LA) and provide little, if any, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Clinical studies suggest that tissue levels of long-chain n-3 fatty acids are depressed in vegetarians, particularly in vegans. n-3 Fatty acids have numerous physiologic benefits, including potent cardioprotective effects. These effects have been demonstrated for ALA as well as EPA and DHA, although the response is generally less for ALA than for EPA and DHA. Conversion of ALA by the body to the more active longer-chain metabolites is inefficient: < 5-10% for EPA and 2-5% for DHA. Thus, total n-3 requirements may be higher for vegetarians than for nonvegetarians, as vegetarians must rely on conversion of ALA to EPA and DHA. Because of the beneficial effects of n-3 fatty acids, it is recommended that vegetarians make dietary changes to optimize n-3 fatty acid status.
Assessing the Psychological Consequences of Internalized Colonialism on the Psychological Well-Being of Young Adults in Ghana:

This study examined the psychometric properties of a revised version of the Colonial Mentality Scale in a sample Ghanaian young adults (CMS-G; N = 431). In addition, the degree to which mental heal...
A Simple Scum-Free Rearing Technique for Mosquito Larvae

The establishment and maintenance of laboratory colonies of organisms are fundamental necessities for both basic and practical biological research. In recent years, techniques for the maintenance and rearing of many mosquito species have been developed at various laboratories in many parts of the world (Ward and Kitzmiller 1963, Gahan 1966, de Meillon and Thomas 1966). However, one of the common problems encountered in rearing larvae is scum formation on the cultural medium (Fig. 1A). Effects of scum on mosquito larvae were well described by Asahina (1964) as follows: “One night's scum will kill off the earlier instar larvae as well as the pupae… the phenomenon (scum formation) is undoubtedly influenced by various conditions of the larval environment, for instance water temperature, nature and amount of diet, instar and number of larvae introduced.” He also suggested methods for controlling scum: (1) changing a portion of the rearing medium, (2) using broad-surface rearing pans, (3) keeping the medium at a rather low temperature, (4) using a food-suspension or supplying small amounts of food at intervals, (5) adding plant-infusion to the medium, (6) aerating the medium, and (7) placing absorbent material at the bottom of the rearing pan.
Cobalt stabilization of silver extraordinary optical transmission sensing platforms

Plasmon-mediated extraordinary optical transmission (EOT) is finding increased interest for biosensing applications. While Ag nanostructures are capable of the highest plasmonic quality factor of all metals, the performance reliability of pure Ag EOT devices is limited by degradation through environmental interactions. Here we show that EOT devices consisting of nanostructured hole arrays in Ag/Co bilayers show comparable transmission with that of identical hole arrays in Agthin films as well as enhanced reliability measured by the rate of resonance peak redshift and broadening with time. The Ag/Co EOT devices showed 2.6× and 1.9× smaller red shift in short timescales (20 days) and after 100 days, respectively, while they showed a 1.7× steady-state decrease in rate of bandwidth broadening. This improvement is likely due to the Co metal stabilizing the Agfilm from morphological changes by reducing its propensity to diffuse or dewet on the underlying substrate. The improved reliability of Ag/Co bilayer EOT devices could enable the use of their superior plasmonic properties for optical detection of trace chemicals.
Solid-state NMR studies of biomineralization peptides and proteins.

Nature has evolved sophisticated strategies for engineering hardtissues through the interaction of proteins, and ultimately cells, with inorganic mineral phases. This process, called biomineralization, is how living organisms transform inorganic materials such as hydroxyapatite, calcite, and silica into highly intricate and organized structures. The remarkable material properties of shell, bone, and teeth come from the activities of proteins that function at the organic–inorganic interface. A better understanding of the biomolecular mechanisms used to promote or retard the formation of mineral-based structures could provide important design principles for the development of calcification inhibitors and promoters in orthopedics, cardiology, urology, and dentistry. With the knowledge of the structural basis for control of hard tissue growth by proteins, scientists could potentially develop materials using biomimetic principles with applications in catalysis, biosensors, electronic devices, and chromatograph...
Surgical Site Infections Occurring after Hospital Discharge

Although surgical site infections (SSIs) occurring after hospital discharge cause substantial morbidity, their epidemiology is not well understood, and methods for routine postdischarge surveillance have not been validated. Inpatient and outpatient surveillance followed 5572 nonobstetric procedures among members of a health maintenance organization with extensive automated records. Records were screened for coded diagnoses, tests, and prescriptions and, if positive, were reviewed by reading full text. Questionnaires regarding the occurrence of an SSI were sent to the same patients and their surgeons. One hundred thirty-two SSIs were documented, of which 84% occurred after hospital discharge and 63% were managed outside the surgical facility. Postdischarge SSIs led to an average of 4.6 additional ambulatory encounters. Patient and surgeon questionnaires had a sensitivity of 28% and 15%, respectively. These data suggest that most SSIs occur after discharge and are not detectable by conventional surveillance. Nonetheless, they cause substantial resource utilization.
The E2F-DP1 Transcription Factor Complex Regulates Centriole Duplication in Caenorhabditis elegans

Centrioles play critical roles in the organization of microtubule-based structures, from the mitotic spindle to cilia and flagella. In order to properly execute their various functions, centrioles are subjected to stringent copy number control. Central to this control mechanism is a precise duplication event that takes place during S phase of the cell cycle and involves the assembly of a single daughter centriole in association with each mother centriole . Recent studies have revealed that posttranslational control of the master regulator Plk4/ZYG-1 kinase and its downstream effector SAS-6 is key to ensuring production of a single daughter centriole. In contrast, relatively little is known about how centriole duplication is regulated at a transcriptional level. Here we show that the transcription factor complex EFL-1-DPL-1 both positively and negatively controls centriole duplication in the Caenorhabditis elegans embryo. Specifically, we find that down regulation of EFL-1-DPL-1 can restore centriole duplication in a zyg-1 hypomorphic mutant and that suppression of the zyg-1 mutant phenotype is accompanied by an increase in SAS-6 protein levels. Further, we find evidence that EFL-1-DPL-1 promotes the transcription of zyg-1 and other centriole duplication genes. Our results provide evidence that in a single tissue type, EFL-1-DPL-1 sets the balance between positive and negative regulators of centriole assembly and thus may be part of a homeostatic mechanism that governs centriole assembly.
HONOLULU REEF RUNWAY DIKE

Criteria for design of a wave barrier to protect the proposed Honolulu International Airport Reef Runway from breaking waves were developed in wave flume model tests Structures with tribar and quarrystone armor units placed in single and multiple layers, on homogeneous and composite slopes, were subjected to both overtopping and non-overtopping breaking waves Data on wave runup, armor unit stability, quantities of overtopping water, and transmitted wave heights were obtained using a 1 50 bottom slope, which modeled the irregular coral bathymetry seaward of the proposed structure The model to prototype scale ratios ranged from 1 5 to 1 35 Model Tests indicated that the weight of armor units placed below one-third the water depth may be three-fourths that of the units located near the water surface It was noted that the maximum wave runup was 1 8 times the water depth fronting the structure Data were obtained concerning quantities of overtopping water and transmitted wave heights over the low barriers The study augments available criteria for economical design of structures subjected to breaking waves.
Cerebrovascular permeability changes during experimental meningitis in the rat.

Alterations in the blood-brain and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barriers occur during bacterial meningitis. Preventing barrier alterations is important as the increases in barrier permeability are thought to contribute to adverse neurological outcomes. The objective of this study was to characterize pharmacokinetically cerebrovascular permeability alterations during meningeal inflammation. 14C-Sucrose was used as a quantitative marker of cerebrovascular integrity 8 hr after induction of experimental meningitis by intracisternal injection of 0, 25 or 200 micrograms lipopolysaccharides. Serum and brain tissues were obtained after tracer dosing. 14C-Sucrose influx transfer coefficients (Kin(app)) and cerebrovascular volumes (Vbr) were calculated for each brain region. Regional Vbr values were unaffected by lipopolysaccharide pretreatment. However, statistically significant increases in 14C-sucrose K(in)(app) values were observed in various brain regions (1.6- to 3.3-fold from control; P < .05). These permeability alterations cannot be attributed to changes in the systemic pharmacokinetics of 14C-sucrose as total clearance and the volume of distribution were unaffected by lipopolysaccharide treatment. This approach can be used in future studies to examine the contribution of various inflammatory mediators to altered cerebrovascular permeabilities during experimental meningitis.
Efects of stray current on the corrosion behavior of typical grounded materials in northern Shaanxi soil simulation solution

The potential and corrosion current of pure zinc,pure copper and zinc/copper coupling structures with diferent distances to the stray current source in northern Shaanxi soil simulation solution were studied with a self-made stray current simulating instrument.Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS) was used to analyze the corrosion behavior of these grounded materials.It is found that there exists an obvious transition from the cathode to anode in the surface of pure zinc as a grounding material,and samples are seriously corroded in the anodic zone.The electrochemical reaction resistance of pure copper is much higher than that of zinc,revealing that copper has a better corrosion resistance in stray current containing media.When zinc is used as a sacrificial anode material and coupled with Cu,the potential of Cu is shifted to the more cathodic part.Previous Cu which located at the exit zone of stray current steps to the cathodic zone and then it is protected.
Mapping adipose and muscle tissue expression quantitative trait loci in African Americans to identify genes for type 2 diabetes and obesity

Relative to European Americans, type 2 diabetes (T2D) is more prevalent in African Americans (AAs). Genetic variation may modulate transcript abundance in insulin-responsive tissues and contribute to risk; yet, published studies identifying expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) in African ancestry populations are restricted to blood cells. This study aims to develop a map of genetically regulated transcripts expressed in tissues important for glucose homeostasis in AAs, critical for identifying the genetic etiology of T2D and related traits. Quantitative measures of adipose and muscle gene expression, and genotypic data were integrated in 260 non-diabetic AAs to identify expression regulatory variants. Their roles in genetic susceptibility to T2D, and related metabolic phenotypes, were evaluated by mining GWAS datasets. eQTL analysis identified 1971 and 2078 cis-eGenes in adipose and muscle, respectively. Cis-eQTLs for 885 transcripts including top cis-eGenes CHURC1, USMG5, and ERAP2 were identified in both tissues. 62.1 % of top cis-eSNPs were within ±50 kb of transcription start sites and cis-eGenes were enriched for mitochondrial transcripts. Mining GWAS databases revealed association of cis-eSNPs for more than 50 genes with T2D (e.g. PIK3C2A, RBMS1, UFSP1), gluco-metabolic phenotypes (e.g. INPP5E, SNX17, ERAP2, FN3KRP), and obesity (e.g. POMC, CPEB4). Integration of GWAS meta-analysis data from AA cohorts revealed the most significant association for cis-eSNPs of ATP5SL and MCCC1 genes, with T2D and BMI, respectively. This study developed the first comprehensive map of adipose and muscle tissue eQTLs in AAs (publically accessible at https://mdsetaa.phs.wakehealth.edu ) and identified genetically regulated transcripts for delineating genetic causes of T2D, and related metabolic phenotypes.
Active specific immunotherapy of melanoma

Active specific immunotherapy, or the use of tumor 'vaccines', attempts to stimulate the patient to reject his or her tumor. Nowhere has this approach been utilized more than in melanoma, often with encouraging results. The best results have occurred in the setting of minimal residual disease after resection of the primary tumor and involved lymph nodes, but responses have also been obtained in disseminated disease. Prolonged survivals of several years have been achieved in both settings, particularly the former, with little toxicity attributable to the treatment. Genetic and biochemical approaches promise considerably improved preparations of 'vaccines', with defined components and improved activity within the immediate future.
Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma of Palatal Minor Salivary Glands with Intracranial Extension: A Case Report and Literature Review

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) is one of the most common malignant tumors of both major and minor salivary glands. Although there are reports of parotid MEC tumors extending intracranially via the facial nerve, intracranial extension from MEC originating from minor salivary glands in the palate has not previously been reported. This report presents a case of MEC arising from the minor salivary glands of the palate and extending into the middle fossa via the foramen rotundum with perineural invasion of the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve. The patient received surgical intervention via a combined otolaryngology and neurosurgery approach to achieve gross total resection of the tumor. This was followed by adjuvant radiotherapy. The epidemiology, histopathology, and treatment of MEC originating from salivary glands are discussed.
Vision Loss and Recovery after Baerveldt Aqueous Tube Shunt Implantation

This study aims to determine the course of vision loss after Baerveldt aqueous tube shunt placement and identify risk factors associated with unexplained severe long-term vision loss, or snuff-out. We retrospectively reviewed 247 eyes of 222 patients who underwent Baerveldt implantations at one of two academic institutions. Postoperative vision loss at 6 months following surgery was categorized as mild-to-moderate versus severe and long-term versus transient. Long-term vision loss, defined as 3 or more lines of Snellen visual acuity (VA) loss compared with preoperative VA, occurred in 63 of 247 eyes (25.5%), and 39 had mild-to-moderate and 24 had severe loss. Of these 63 eyes, 18 had no identifiable cause of vision loss. On multivariate analysis, poorer Snellen VA on postoperative day 1 (POD1) was found to be a significant risk factor for long-term vision loss (). In addition, the negative change in preoperative versus POD1 Snellen VA () and the presence of split fixation involving the inferonasal quadrant on preoperative Humphrey visual field () were significant risk factors for snuff-out. Transient vision loss occurred in 76 of 242 eyes (30.8%). In conclusion, vision loss is not uncommon after Baerveldt surgery, with snuff-out occurring in 2.4% of cases in this study.
The crime kaleidoscope: A cross-jurisdictional analysis of place features and crime in three urban environments

Abstract Research identifies various place features (e.g., bars, schools, public transportation stops) that generate or attract crime. What is less clear is how the spatial influence of these place features compares across relatively similar environments, even for the same crime. In this study, risk terrain modeling (RTM), a geospatial crime forecasting and diagnostic tool, is utilized to identify place features that increase the risk of robbery and their particular spatial influence in Chicago, Illinois; Newark, New Jersey; and Kansas City, Missouri. The results show that the risk factors for robbery are similar between environments, but not necessarily identical. Further, some factors were riskier for robbery and affected their surrounding landscape in different ways that others. Consistent with crime pattern theory, the results suggest that the broader organization of the environmental backcloth affects how constituent place features relate to and influence crime. Implications are discussed with regard to research and practice.
Comparative first-principles studies of prototypical ferroelectric materials by LDA, GGA, and SCAN meta-GGA

Originating from a broken spatial inversion symmetry, ferroelectricity is a functionality of materials with an electric dipole that can be switched by external electric fields. Spontaneous polarization is a crucial ferroelectric property, and its amplitude is determined by the strength of polar structural distortions. Density functional theory (DFT) is one of the most widely used theoretical methods to study ferroelectric properties, yet it is limited by the levels of approximations in electron exchange-correlation. On the one hand, the local density approximation (LDA) is considered to be more accurate for the conventional perovskite ferroelectrics such as $\mathrm{BaTi}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ and $\mathrm{PbTi}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ than the generalized gradient approximation (GGA), which suffers from the so-called super-tetragonality error. On the other hand, GGA is more suitable for hydrogen-bonded ferroelectrics than LDA, which largely overestimates the strength of hydrogen bonding in general. We show here that the recently developed general-purpose strongly constrained and appropriately normed (SCAN) meta-GGA functional significantly improves over the traditional LDA/GGA for structural, electric, and energetic properties of diversely bonded ferroelectric materials with a comparable computational effort and thus enhances largely the predictive power of DFT in studies of ferroelectric materials. We also address the observed system-dependent performances of LDA and GGA for ferroelectrics from a chemical bonding point of view.
Edible Identities: Food as Cultural Heritage

The cultural politics of patrimony and place have been at the center of recent food scholarship but seldom are these issues as comprehensively explored as in Edible Identities: Food as Cultural Her...
Three-dimensional simulations of void collapse in energetic materials

We study the dynamics of void collapse and hot spot formation with 3D reactive void collapse simulations for various void shapes. We find that dimensionality plays an important role in hot-spot dynamics, underlining the importance of 3D simulations.
Local Systems on $\mathbb P$1 − S for S a Finite Set

I give the necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of Unitary local systems with prescribed local monodromies on P1 − S where S is a finite set. This is used to give an algorithm to decide if a rigid local system on P1 − S has finite global monodromy, thereby answering a question of N. Katz. The methods of this article (use of Harder–Narasimhan filtrations) are used to strengthen Klyachko's theorem on sums of Hermitian matrices. In the Appendix, I give a reformulation of Mehta–Seshadri theorem in the SU(n) setting.
Effects of alternating temperatures onAcarus siro L. (Acari: Acaridae)

Fecundity, longevity and survival to adulthood ofAcarus siro (L.) at constant and alternating temperatures were compared. Both fecundity and longevity were affected by alternating temperatures but the effect of the frequency of alternations was not significant. Significantly higher fecundity and longer life spans were recorded at constant temperatures of 14 and 21°C than at 28°C or at alternating temperature regimes. Alternating temperature regimes in comparison to constant regimes did not significantly change the number of males and females surviving to adulthood or the sex ratio. However, the lowest number of adults surviving was recorded when temperatures were changed every 12 h and the highest at a constant temperature of 14°C.
A Sense of Space: Conceptualization in Wayfinding and Navigation

This thesis addresses a gap in current cognitive work on fictive motion by exploring the factors involved in the production of fictive motion rather than the standard approach of investigating fictive motion processing.Part 1 of this study consists of an experimental study of the production of coextension path fictive motion (such as the ravine ran beside the trail) in language used by hikers as they move along a trail through a complex terrain.Part 2 is an ethnographic study of the wayfinding strategies recruited by American tourists in Paris in the production of general emanation path fictive motion (such as the museum overlooked the courtyard). The major findings in this work suggest 1) that the role of compression in conceptual blends is a facilitating force in the production of fictive motion, and 2) this facilitating force motivates a semiotic typology of fictive motion that refines Talmyʼs original analysis.
Structure of the Wave Function of Crystalline 4He

The nature of the wave function for quantum crystals has been an outstanding problem for some time. Although a Jastrow product wave function gives a qualitatively correct description of the liquid, and although such a wave function can describe a crystal, the result is in serious disagreement with experiment. The standard treatment is to construct a lattice and directly couple the particles to its sites. Although this gives fair numerical agreement with some crystal properties, it is at the expense of breaking the Bose symmetry of the crystal. We introduce here a new class of trial wave functions that are symmetric under particle exchange. They give a lower variational energy than, and have properties comparable with those given by trial functions in which atoms are explicitly localized.
Development of Efficiency in Visual Functioning: An Evaluation Process:

A review of the Diagnostic Assessment Procedure and related facets of the evaluation process within the Program to Develop Efficiency in Visual Functioning. Considers basic assumptions, rationale f...
Acoustic bianisotropic metasurfaces for broadband non-reciprocal sound transport

Acoustic bianisotropic materials are media in which the unconventional momentum—strain and stress—particle velocity couplings offer rich mechanical wave dynamics. For instance, transformation elastodynamics have revealed that bianisotropic media could enable extraordinary control over the propagation of elastic waves including the ability to cloak regions of space from detection with mechanical waves. The development of metamaterials have provided the tools to implement these unconventional materials and the first experimental acoustic bianisotropic materials have featured interesting properties such as independent engineering of transmission and reflection. However, despite recent work in this area, the wave dynamics enabled by mechanical bianisotropy have not been fully uncovered and explored. In this presentation we demonstrate experimentally the power of active bianisotropic metasurfaces to produce highly non-reciprocal sound transport in free space in a remarkably broadband fashion and in very compact materials. In addition, we show that this unusual mechanism for non-reciprocal sound propagation is truly linear and does not rely on any type of frequency conversion or other non-linear processes.Acoustic bianisotropic materials are media in which the unconventional momentum—strain and stress—particle velocity couplings offer rich mechanical wave dynamics. For instance, transformation elastodynamics have revealed that bianisotropic media could enable extraordinary control over the propagation of elastic waves including the ability to cloak regions of space from detection with mechanical waves. The development of metamaterials have provided the tools to implement these unconventional materials and the first experimental acoustic bianisotropic materials have featured interesting properties such as independent engineering of transmission and reflection. However, despite recent work in this area, the wave dynamics enabled by mechanical bianisotropy have not been fully uncovered and explored. In this presentation we demonstrate experimentally the power of active bianisotropic metasurfaces to produce highly non-reciprocal sound transport in free space in a remarkably broadband fashion and in very compac...
Direct Assimilation of Radar Reflectivity Data Using 3DVAR: Treatment of Hydrometeor Background Errors and OSSE Tests

AbstractDespite the well-known importance of background error covariance in data assimilation, not much study has been focused on its impact on the assimilation of radar reflectivity within a three...
Chimney-Patch Arterial Graft in Kidney or Pancreas Transplantation for Recipients with Heavily Calcified Iliac Arteries.

Iliac artery calcification is a common phenomenon complicating renal transplantation, particularly in those with diabetes. The potential for vascular clamp injury can threaten the renal allograft, ipsilateral lower extremity, or both. Utilization of internal balloon occlusion can allow for placement of a “Chimney Patch” graft, fashioned from a deceased donor artery, to the calcified vessel, eliminating the risk of clamp injury and minimizing warm ischemic time. We present a series of 6 patients transplanted with internal balloon occlusion with successful renal and pancreatic allograft function and no ipsilateral vascular complications. Internal balloon occlusion is a safe and effective adjunct for renal or pancreas transplant to prevent clamp injury with no adverse effect on allograft function.
Periodic Metallo-Dielectric Structures: Electromagnetic Absorption and its Related Developed Temperatures.

Multi-layer, metallo-dielectric structures (screens) have long been employed as electromagnetic band filters, either in transmission or in reflection modes. Here we study the radiation energy not transmitted or reflected by these structures (trapped radiation, which is denoted—absorption). The trapped radiation leads to hot surfaces. In these bi-layer screens, the top (front) screen is made of metallic hole-array and the bottom (back) screen is made of metallic disk-array. The gap between them is filled with an array of dielectric spheres. The spheres are embedded in a dielectric host material, which is made of either a heat-insulating (air, polyimide) or heat-conducting (MgO) layer. Electromagnetic intensity trapping of 97% is obtained when a 0.15 micron gap is filled with MgO and Si spheres, which are treated as pure dielectrics (namely, with no added absorption loss). Envisioned applications are anti-fogging surfaces, electromagnetic shields, and energy harvesting structures.
Anatomic Augmented Glenoid Implants for the Management of the B2 Glenoid.

The B2 glenoid is defined by Walch et al. as a glenoid that is biconcave with posterior erosion accompanied by posterior humeral head subluxation. This creates unique challenges for the treating or...
Sex Differences in the Association of Family and Personal Income and Wealth with Fertility in the United States

Evolutionary theory predicts that social status and fertility will be positively related. It also predicts that the relationship between status and fertility will differ for men and women. This is particularly likely in modern societies given evidence that females face greater trade-offs between status and resource acquisition and fertility than males. This paper tests these hypotheses using newly released data from the 2014 wave of the Survey of Income and Program Participation by the US Census, which has the first complete measures of fertility and number of childbearing partners for a large, representative, national probability sample of men and women and also contains comprehensive measures of economic status as measured by personal and family resources, including income from all sources and all assets. Multivariate analyses show that personal income is positively associated with total fertility and number of childbearing unions for men only. For men, personal net worth is positively associated with number of childbearing unions; it is also positively associated with fertility for married men with a spouse present. These findings support evolutionary predictions of a positive relationship between status, access to mates, and reproductive success for males. Whereas personal income and personal net worth are negatively associated with total fertility and number of childbearing unions for women, family income (net of personal income) is positively associated with total fertility for women. For married men living with a spouse, family income (net of personal income) is negatively associated with total fertility. These findings are consistent with evolutionary theory given the existence of greater trade-offs between production and reproduction for women in an advanced industrial society. For women and men, family net worth (net of personal net worth) is negatively associated with number of childbearing unions and fertility. Implications are discussed.
Strategic planning committees on U.S. public company boards: Axiomatic or paradoxical?

Abstract This study examined the strategic planning process used in U.S. public company boardrooms, with a particular focus on companies that used board-level Strategic Planning Committees (SPCs) as opposed to those that engaged the full board in strategic planning oversight (which we call “strategic planning overall” or “SPO” firms). Based on interviews with 8 SPC members and 12 directors from SPO firms, we found a number of similarities in SPC and SPO processes, as well as a number of key differences. Overall, it is clear that there often can be a fundamental tension between management and directors with respect to the responsibility for strategic planning. There also can be significant information asymmetries arising from agency theoretic assumptions requiring board independence and arms-length interactions. Organizational scope may, within limits, constrain these assumptions. Such conditions increase both resource and information processing demands on the board, creating a need for greater formality in the board's strategic planning processes. These demands increase the need for paradoxical approaches that can accommodate greater flexibility in board-management interactions. The paradox lies in the board's ability to simultaneously meet and balance agency theoretic, resource dependence based and information processing demands. The contrasting organizational logics that are in play result in paradoxes that influence whether and in what form a board-level SPC should be constituted. The evidence suggests that constituting and structuring SPCs to embrace more collaborative interactions between the board and management could be helpful in dealing with the contrasting requirements and tensions that arise in certain firms. Embracing paradoxes and modifying governance approaches to include collaborative interactions with management may also help in ensuring that the board's strategic planning processes are equipped to deal with the challenges that confront the organization. Ultimately, individual company directors will need to determine whether and in what form a board-level SPC would add value to their governance structure and processes. Our interview-based evidence suggests that firm size and director experience are important considerations in the choice of how the board should oversee strategy.
3D printed tubular lattice metamaterials with engineered mechanical performance

We numerically and experimentally report 3D tubular lattice metamaterials with sinusoidal ligaments, which enable the deformation pattern to switch from bending to stretching. A non-linear J-shape stress-strain response and auxetic behavior over a large deformation range are observed due to the intrinsic deformation mechanism. Numerical analyses further demonstrate that the proposed tubular lattice metamaterials exhibit a high degree of tunability for Poisson's ratio and mechanical responses. In particular, the design flexibility can be harnessed to create heterogeneous tubular structures that can morph into target shapes. The findings presented here provide insights to develop 3D architected metamaterials with various potential applications, such as tissue engineering, biomedical devices, and stretchable electronics.
Light-Induced Dynamic Control of Particle Motion in Fluid-Filled Microchannels.

The design of remotely programmable microfluidic systems with controlled fluid flow and particle transport is a significant challenge. Herein, we describe a system that harnesses the intrinsic ther...
Deprescribing anticholinergic medication in the community mental health setting: A quality improvement initiative

Abstract Background Chronic anticholinergic medication (ACM) prescribing with antipsychotics when no longer clinically indicated can lead to serious side effects and adversely impact patient quality of life. Objectives Through modifications of previously described deprescribing strategies undertaken in an academic, schizophrenia clinic, this quality improvement (QI) project aimed to bolster ACM deprescription where clinically appropriate among patients with schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders at a community mental health center. Methods A multidisciplinary team involving clinical pharmacists and psychiatrists created web streaming video medical education accredited modules, supplemented by small groups sessions and case consultations, and provided these to psychiatrists and nurse practitioners at a community mental health center over a one-year period. Electronic medical record reports were also generated, highlighting patients who were receiving one of two ACM used in the clinic: benztropine and/or trihexyphenidyl; these were periodically distributed to support appropriate deprescription. Patient education infographic material focused on ACM were also created and deployed. Results One hundred and twenty-six patients were identified as receiving benztropine or trihexyphenidyl in March 2019. One hundred and six (84%) were on one or both of these medications for at least six months. The mean (±SD) age of the study sample was 53.4 (±12.6) years; a third of the sample was over 60 years. Thirty-seven patients, or 29.4%, had their ACM discontinued or the dosage reduced. Deprescription was not associated with age, sex, race, or diagnosis. Deprescription was not associated with antipsychotic polypharmacy, first versus second generation, or oral versus long acting preparation. Conclusions These results suggest that deprescription of ACM in a community mental health center can occur with prescriber education and support. However, results from previous stages of this QI project, where much higher rates of deprescription were demonstrated, indicate the important benefit of more direct clinical pharmacist support and involvement in the process.
I'll Know What You're Like When I See How You Feel: How and When Affective Displays Adjust Behavior-Based Impressions

Accumulating evidence suggests that targets' displays of emotion shape perceivers' impression of those targets. Prior research has highlighted generalization effects, such as an angry display prompting an impression of hostility. In two studies, we went beyond generalization to examine the interaction of displays and behaviors, finding new evidence of augmenting effects (behavior-correspondent inferences are stronger when behavior is accompanied by positive affect) and discounting effects (such inferences are weaker when behavior is accompanied by negative affect). Thus, the same display can have different effects on impressions depending on the behavior it accompanies. We found evidence that these effects are mediated by ascribed intentions and that they have a boundary: When behaviors and affective displays are repeated, the augmenting and discounting power of displays appears to wane.
On Narco-Coyotaje: Illicit Regimes and Their Impacts on the U.S. – Mexico Border

Many have debated whether or not human smugglers, known as coyotes, are involved with drug trafficking organizations. Scholars have largely rejected so-called “narcocoyotaje”, however; we hope to problematize this narrative by adding a new theoretical layer to the discussion. Namely, we explore the ways in which different criminal activities produce hierarchies and control illicit activities within the clandestine geography of the US – Mexico border. These “illicit regimes” operate against the State, creating a hierarchy that dominates other illicit activities in order to maximize profit, avoid detection and consolidate power. While other studies have explored the relationships between the State and illicit practices this article takes the relationship between two illicit industries as its object of study. Doing so will help us move past the simply binary question about whether or not coyotes are involved with drug cartels, and allows us to understand what is being produced by this relationship, and its consequences for everyone involved.
Teaching Skin Cancer Detection to Medical Students Using a Dermoscopic Algorithm.

Introduction Early detection of melanoma skin cancer improves survival rates. Training family physicians in dermoscopy with the triage amalgamated dermoscopic algorithm (TADA) has high sensitivity and specificity for identifying malignant skin neoplasms. In this study we evaluated the effectiveness of TADA training among medical students, compared with practicing clinicians. Methods We incorporated the TADA framework into 90-minute workshops that taught dermoscopy to family physicians, primary care residents, and first- and second-year medical students. The workshop reviewed the clinical and dermoscopic features of benign and malignant skin lesions and included a hands-on interactive session using a dermatoscope. All participants took a 30-image pretest and a different 30-image posttest. Results Forty-six attending physicians, 25 residents, and 48 medical students participated in the workshop. Mean pretest scores were 20.1, 20.3, and 15.8 for attending physicians, resident physicians and students, respectively (P<.001); mean posttest scores were 24.5, 25.9, and 24.1, respectively (P=.11). Pre/posttest score differences were significant ( P<.001) for all groups. The medical students showed the most gain in their pretest and posttest scores. Conclusion After short dermoscopy workshop, medical students perform as well as trained physicians in identifying images of malignant skin lesions. Dermoscopy training may be a valuable addition to the medical school curriculum as this skill can be used by primary care physicians as well as multiple specialists including dermatologists, gynecologists, otolaryngologists, plastic surgeons, and ophthalmologists, who often encounter patients with concerning skin lesions.
A Longitudinal Study of Parenting Conditions on Two Adult, North American River Otters' (Lontra Canadensis) Repetitive Behavior.

Captive animal welfare research focuses on husbandry, enrichment, enclosure space, visitor effects, and opportunities for species-typical behavior (e.g., foraging, territoriality, and social intera...
Factors affecting contamination and infiltration of Escherichia coli K12 into spinach leaves during vacuum cooling

Abstract While it has been understood that vacuum cooling can result in bacterial infiltration into plant leaves, the details of the contamination and infiltration pathways could be explored further. We investigated contamination/infiltration pathways via experimental and modeling work wherein 1) microorganisms (Escherichia coli strain K12) external to the vacuum cooling chamber moved into it during repressurization and deposited on surfaces; 2) moist organic matter (e.g. mud or bird or animal feces) brought in with the produce could boil during depressurization, aerosolizing microorganisms and spreading them to produce; and 3) microorganisms present on surface water infiltrated into the leaves during repressurization. For external contamination, it was not possible to draw microorganisms in aerosolized form from an adjacent chamber; however, dried cultures deposited in the inlet readily contaminated the interior of the vacuum chamber. Boiling of moist organic matter within the chamber resulted in significant redistribution and contamination of chamber surfaces. For the infiltration pathway, the quantity of microorganisms entering into spinach tissue depended on vacuum level and rate of repressurization. Experimental data and model predictions show that infiltration is greatest when repressurization is slow (3.1 log CFU/g); under rapid repressurization, little (2.4 log CFU/g) or no infiltration occurs. Over the range studied (600–900 Pa), experimental data show that the pressure level during vacuum cooling did not significantly affect infiltration rate. Model predictions are in agreement on general trends, showing a slight influence of pressure level on infiltration. The contamination and infiltration pathways investigated here can be minimized in practice, improving microbial safety of vacuum cooling processes.
Nitric oxide donors as potential treatment for cancers.

5520 Nitric oxide (NO) inhibits the function of mitochondria and the expression of Hypoxia Inducible Factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α). We recently found, via in vitro cell invasion assay, that the invasive potential of several highly invasive human cancer cell lines in culture were enhanced by hypoxia, that the NO donor, sodium nitroprusside (SNP), and also a number of mitochondrion-specific inhibitors strongly inhibit invasion, and that SNP down-regulates the expression of Hypoxia Inducible Factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) in these cells. These data suggested that NO inhibits invasion of the cancer cells via multiple mechanisms, including impairment of mitochondria, and inhibition of HIF-1. To further address the role of mitochondria in cancer cell invasion, we attenuated the respiration of the cells, via expressing a shRNA for Fe-S, a subunit of complex III of mitochondria, and found that the invasion potential of the cells that are deficient for Fe-S is strongly decreased. We conclude (i) that NO inhibits invasion of the cancer cells via multiple mechanisms, including impairment of mitochondria, and inhibition of HIF-1 and (ii) that NO donors are potential anti-cancer metastasis drugs. These studies would shed light on the application of NO donors to the treatment of cancer, could lead to the establishment of a novel group of drugs for cancer, differing from traditional anti-cancer drugs by their low toxicity and novel mechanisms of action.
Principle of Inclusion and Exclusion

Suppose we have a set of N objects that have various properties α, β, γ, … λ. Each of the objects may any or none of the properties. Let Nα be the number of objects that have property α. Some of these objects may have other properties in addition to property α; that doesn’t matter. (In fact, that’s the whole idea!) Similarly, let Nβ be the number of objects that have property β, and so on.
Papilloedema associated with dural venous sinus thrombosis

Papilloedema is a diagnostic term used exclusively to describe optic disc oedema associated with increased intracranial pressure. Septic cerebral venous sinus thrombosis has become an increasingly rare cause of papilloedema because of the widespread availability of antimicrobial agents; however, it is imperative for optometrists to maintain vigilance for this pathologic process. Presented is a case of a 77-year-old Caucasian male with a complaint of blurred vision and non-specific, diffuse headache. He had a right sixth cranial nerve palsy and bilateral disc oedema. Raised intracranial pressure was confirmed by lumbar puncture. Neuroimaging, including magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance venography in conjunction with cytological assessment of the cerebral spinal fluid led to a probable diagnosis of mastoiditis causing multiple dural venous sinus thrombi of the superior sagittal and right transverse sinuses. Sequential evaluation of this complex case is displayed along with pertinent differential diagnoses for optic disc oedema and a review of current standards for diagnosis and management of papilloedema from dural sinus thrombosis.
Bordered Heegaard Floer homology: Invariance and pairing

We construct Heegaard Floer theory for 3-manifolds with connected boundary. The theory associates to an oriented, parametrized two-manifold a differential graded algebra. For a three-manifold with parametrized boundary, the invariant comes in two different versions, one of which (type D) is a module over the algebra and the other of which (type A) is an A-infinity module. Both are well-defined up to chain homotopy equivalence. For a decomposition of a 3-manifold into two pieces, the A-infinity tensor product of the type D module of one piece and the type A module from the other piece is HF^ of the glued manifold. As a special case of the construction, we specialize to the case of three-manifolds with torus boundary. This case can be used to give another proof of the surgery exact triangle for HF^. We relate the bordered Floer homology of a three-manifold with torus boundary with the knot Floer homology of a filling.