cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Some theoretical aspects of the electrophoretic sedimentation of particles

Abstract This paper concerns the theoretical interpretation of the results of a previous experimental study of the sedimentation of oxidized fine aluminum and iron particles in waste kerosene under the influence of an electric field. Following the Kynch analysis of the mode of gravity sedimentation, a modified particle volume flux is introduced to compensate for the effect of the electric field strength. It is shown that if the local electric field strength at the settling interface is used as the true driving force for electrophoretic sedimentation, the settling curves can be predicted with reasonable accuracy, provided that electrical heating effects and consequent temperature changes in the system are taken into account. Some theoretical aspects of the effects of dielectric polarization on settling are also discussed and illustrated qualitatively by the experimental data. Finally, some of the factors which might be expected to affect the energy efficiency of a particle separator operating by electrophoretic sedimentation are considered.
Endogeneity of the inflationary impact of an aggregate supply shock

Abstract Robert Lucas' signal-extraction analysis predicts that the inflationary impact of an aggregate supply shock increases with the variance of nominal income. The model of this paper suggests that the inflationary impact of an aggregate supply shock is not unambiguous because a higher variance of nominal income increases the price sensitivity of aggregate demand and reduces the inflationary impact of the supply shock. It attempts to resolve this theoretical ambiguity by isolating a period when there was an obvious aggregate supply shock, 1974–1975. Inflation residuals from reduced-form equations for twenty countries are regressed, as dependent variables in separate equations, against the variance of nominal income. The results indicate that the Lucas effect dominates the postulated aggregate demand effect.
Fluorescence lifetimes and correlated photon statistics from single CdSe/oligo(phenylene vinylene) composite nanostructures

We present measurements of fluorescence intensity trajectories and associated excited-state decay times from individual CdSe/oligo(phenylene vinylene) (CdSe−OPV) quantum dot nanostructures using time-tagged, time-resolved (TTTR) photon counting techniques. We find that fluorescence decay times for the quantum dot emitter in these composite systems are at least an order of magnitude shorter than ZnS-capped CdSe quantum dot systems. We show that both the blinking suppression and associated lifetime/count rate behavior can be described by a modified version of the diffusive reaction coordinate model which couples slow fluctuations in quantum dot electron (1Se, 1Pe) energies to Auger-assisted hole trapping processes, hence modifying both blinking statistics and excited-state decay rates.
Aerodynamic Influence of Endwall Fences Located in the Vicinity of the Leading Edge-Endwall Junction of Nozzle Guide Vanes

Secondary flow characteristics like horseshoe vortices and related total pressure losses decrease turbine efficiency. Computerized simulations of potentially favorable modifications in turbine systems could provide a fast, numerical and inexpensive method of evaluating their effects on flow properties: This paper consists of a comparative numerical study of the flow characteristics of a domain containing a vertical cylinder subjected to cross flow and upstream endwall modifications. Analyzing the flow around a turbine nozzle guide vane (NGV) could be simplified by modeling it as a vertical cylinder with a diameter proportional to the leading edge diameter of the blade, and adding upstream endwall fences of varying dimensions and alignments could attenuate the development of a horseshoe vortex. A commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software package, Fluent, was used for the numerical analysis. To validate the modeling strategy, experimental data previously reported in the literature for conventional cylinders in cross flow were compared to the current predictions. A grid independence study was also performed. The lateral distance between the two legs of the horseshoe vortex downstream of the cylinder was decreased by 7% to 14%. All fence types effectively changed the location of the main horseshoe vortex roll-up. The height of the fence was more influential than the length of the fence in modifying flow characteristics. The existence of the fences slightly increased the mass-averaged total pressure loss far downstream of the cylinder; however, beneficial near-fence flow characteristics were observed in all cases. Also, it was noted that an endwall fence could possibly result in decreased interaction between the horseshoe vortices created by consecutive blades in a row of NGV blades, which would be expected to result in improved flow conditions within actual turbine passages.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Personality pathology in bulimics versus controls

The Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI) was administered to 37 bulimic women, as well as 32 female general psychiatric outpatients and 30 normal women in order to assess contrasts in prevalence of various types of personality pathology among the three groups. Bulimic women displayed significantly greater pathology on scales measuring dependent and avoidant characteristics. However, they were not significantly different from female psychiatric outpatients with regard to most types of personality pathology. Results are discussed within the framework of previous literature on personality characteristics and disorders within the bulimic population.
Uncertain and treacherous: The cannel coal industry in Kentucky

The mining of cannel coal was a small, but prestigious, component of the coal production of Kentucky in the 1800's and early 1900's. Cannel coal was retorted into liquid fuel, gasified as an enricher of municipal gas supplies, and distilled as a feedstock for the production of chemicals. Each peak in usage was subsequently tempered by a discovery of cheaper sources of liquid hydrocarbons.
Use of entomopathogenic nematodes and a new monitoring technique for control of fungus gnats, Bradysia coprophila (Diptera: Sciaridae), in floriculture

Abstract Fungus gnats, Bradysia coprophila, damage plant roots and are involved in transmitting serious plant pathogens. The entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema feltiae (SN) significantly reduced numbers of fungus gnat larvae in potting medium in greenhouse-grown poinsettias, Euphorbia pulcherrima, in comparison with Steinernema carpocapsae (All), the bacterial insecticide Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis, and the insect growth regulator kinoprene. Levels of insect control were indistinguishable between Steinernema feltiae (SN) and the organophosphate insecticide diazinon, suggesting that the use of S. feltiae (SN) may be both a biorational and an economical alternative to conventional chemical control. In a petri dish bioassay, second- and fourth-instar fungus gnats were significantly more susceptible than pupae to infection by S. feltiae (SN). However, pupae mere susceptible to some level of nematode infection not only by S. feltiae (SN), but also by S. feltiae (UK), S. carpocapsae (All), and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (NC). Potato discs placed on the potting medium proved to be a reliable method of monitoring fungus gnat populations in comparison to yellow sticky cards.
Accurate Global Potential Energy Surface and Reaction Dynamics for the Ground State of HgBr2

A global potential energy surface (PES) for the 1A‘ ground state of HgBr2 has been constructed in order to determine the rate constants for atmospherically important reactions involving mercury and bromine. The total energy of HgBr2 was calculated by the multireference configuration interaction level of theory with series of correlation consistent basis sets up to quadruple-ζ quality with subsequent extrapolation to the complete basis set limit. An additive correction for spin−orbit coupling was also included. The global PES was represented piecewise by interpolating three separate parts of the surface with the reproducing kernel Hilbert space method and connecting them smoothly by switch functions. Quasiclassical trajectory calculations carried out on the surface yielded 298 K thermal rate constants of 3.89 × 10-11 cm3/(mol·s) for the abstraction reaction HgBr + Br → Hg + Br2, 2.98 × 10-11 cm3/(mol·s) for the recombination reaction Br + HgBr → HgBr2, and 3.97 × 10-11 cm3/(mol·s) for the exchange reaction...
Electrochemical sample pretreatment coupled on-line with ICP-MS : Analysis of uranium using an anodically conditioned glassy carbon working electrode

Uranium may be accumulated at an anodized glassy carbon (GC) electrode at −0.15 V and stripped at +1.15 V, allowing electrochemical preconcentration and matrix elimination on-line with ICP-MS detection. Analyte levels ranging from 20 μg/L to subnanogram per liter were determined in matrix-free standards with good linearity and precision. Detection limits (3sy/x/slope) determined from standard addition plots were 0.12 ng/L with 10-min accumulation time, permitting the minor isotopes of uranium to be determined with good precision at total uranium concentrations as low as 5.0 μg/L. High levels of salt matrix moderately suppressed uranium deposition efficiency, and therefore stripping peak height, but could be compensated for by extended accumulation times. Matrix elimination of up to 20 000 mg/L Na was complete with just a 90-s cell washout time. Uranium was quantified in a certified seawater matrix, NASS-4 (certified uranium level 2.68 ± 0.12 μg/L), at several levels of dilution: recoveries ranged from 10...
Phonon Thermal Boundary Conductance in 1-D Chains: Comparison Between the Semiclassical and Nonequilibrium Green’s Function Formalisms

Thermal boundary conductance (hBD ) across solid interfaces is a limiting factor in many applications, especially as characteristic length scales of devices are decreasing to the nanoscale. Accurate prediction of this interfacial energy transfer, however, is difficult. The most widely used model for hBD prediction is the diffuse mismatch model (DMM), which considers the transmission of the incident phonon intensity across the interface for the case of thermal equilibrium between the two materials adjacent to the interface. This semi-classical model is limited by the equilibrium assumption, and breaks down for the case of two similar materials comprising the interface. Recently, the Nonequilibrium Green’s Function (NEGF) formalism has been extended to phonon transport. The NEGF formalism is rooted in nonequilibrium transport theory, making it ideal to study energy transfer applications, especially in nanosystems where the concept of thermal equilibrium breaks down due to the small dimensions of the transport regions. The purpose of this paper is to derive, from first principles, the NEGF formalism of thermal conductance, and compare the assumptions of this formalism to the semi-classical DMM assumptions. The NEGF formalism is derived for two simple 1-D examples, and the 1-D conductance and phonon transmission is calculated for a 1-D atomic chains of Si and compared to DMM calculations and experimental data.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
The numerical approximation of a delta function with application to level set methods

It is shown that a discrete delta function can be constructed using a technique developed by Anita Mayo [The fast solution of Poisson's and the biharmonic equations on irregular regions, SIAM J. Sci. Comput. 21 (1984) 285-299] for the numerical solution of elliptic equations with discontinuous source terms. This delta function is concentrated on the zero level set of a continuous function. In two space dimensions, this corresponds to a line and a surface in three space dimensions. Delta functions that are first and second order accurate are formulated in both two and three dimensions in terms of a level set function. The numerical implementation of these delta functions achieves the expected order of accuracy.
Seasonal Photochemical and Meridional Transport Model for the Stratosphere of Titan

Abstract A two-dimensional photochemical transport model is developed for Titan's stratosphere. Transformed Eulerian mean equations are used to determine the meridional circulation. Mechanical forcing is modeled using eddy and Rayleigh friction, while thermal forcing is provided by Newtonian and eddy heating. The model contains 117 photolysis, chemical, and condensation reactions for 22 hydrocarbon species along with atomic and molecular hydrogen. The method of conservation of second-order moments is used for the meridional and vertical advection calculations (Prather, M. J. 1986. J. Geophys. Res. 91 , 6671–6681.). Coustenis and Bezard (1995. Icarus 115 , 126–140) analyzed the Voyager IRIS data to calculate hydrocarbon abundances from 53°S to 70°N. They determined that the ethane mixing ratio was approximately constant for all sampled latitudes. In the absence of meridional transport, photochemistry would yield higher concentrations of C 2 and C 3 hydrocarbon species near the equator than near the poles. Meridional advection results in enough tracer transport from low to high latitudes that the latitudinal distributions for ethane are much more uniform. The model shows methane is well mixed in Titan's stratosphere. Model mixing ratios for ethane and propane agree well with Voyager IRIS data; however, the model overestimates the abundances of acetylene and diacetylene. The model abundance for methylacetylene is within the Voyager observational uncertainty, but the abundance for mid-southern latitudes is at the high end of this uncertainty. The model does not accurately reproduce the observed ethylene abundances. Mid-latitude column densities (above 5 mbar) for ethane, propane, acetylene, and methylacetylene vary seasonal by 10, 14, 9.5, and 12%, respectively. Large seasonal variations for short-lived chemical species results in significant seasonal variations in the chemical production rates for organic polymers at middle and high latitudes.
Non-heart-beating organ donation: a defense of the required determination of death.

The family of a patient who is unconscious and respirator-dependent has made a decision to discontinue medical treatment. The patient had signed a donor card. The family wants to respect this decision, and agrees to non-heart-beating organ donation. Consequently, as the patient is weaned from the ventilator, he is prepped for organ explantation. Two minutes after the patient goes into cardiac arrest, he is declared dead and the transplant team arrives to begin organ procurement. At the time retrieval begins, it is not certain that the patient's brain is dead or that cardiac function cannot be restored. Procurement follows uneventfully, and two transplantable kidneys are retrieved. Many people now consider such cases of non-heart-beating organ donation to be ethically permissible. However, widespread disagreement persists as to how such practices are to be justified and whether such practices are compatible with the Uniform Declaration of Death Act (UDDA). In this paper, I argue that non-heart-beating organ donation can be ethically justified, that in the justified cases the patients are in fact dead, and that the early declarations of death required for such donation do comply with the UDDA.
A MODULAR APPROACH FOR DEVELOPMENT OF MINIATURE DETECTION SYSTEMS

This paper describes development of the modular microfluidic components and their integration, directed toward the development of an electrochemical immunoassay-based bio-chemical detection system. The entire system consists of an array of fluid reservoirs, microfluidic valves & pump, a sampling/reaction chamber with integrated electromagnetic filterless bio-separator and a detection chamber comprising of the filterless bio-separator and an immunosensor. The magnetic beads are used to capture and detect the target toxins/molecules. This paper discusses the performance of the fluidic components and presents the preliminary results and packaging aspects of the 1st generation fluidic system. The effect of component size on system performance is also discussed.
Patterns of Care Among Patients Receiving Radiation Therapy for Bone Metastases at a Large Academic Institution

Purpose This study evaluates outcomes and patterns of care among patients receiving radiation therapy (RT) for bone metastases at a high-volume academic institution. Methods and Materials Records of all patients whose final RT course was for bone metastases from April 2007 to July 2012 were identified from electronic medical records. Chart review yielded demographic and clinical data. Rates of complicated versus uncomplicated bone metastases were not analyzed. Results We identified 339 patients whose final RT course was for bone metastases. Of these, 52.2% were male; median age was 65 years old. The most common primary was non-small-cell lung cancer (29%). Most patients (83%) were prescribed ≤10 fractions; 8% received single-fraction RT. Most patients (52%) had a documented goals of care (GOC) discussion with their radiation oncologist; hospice referral rates were higher when patients had such discussions (66% with vs 50% without GOC discussion, P =.004). Median life expectancy after RT was 96 days. Median survival after RT was shorter based on inpatient as opposed to outpatient status at the time of consultation (35 vs 136 days, respectively, P Conclusions These data document excellent adherence to American Society for Radiation Oncolology Choosing Wisely recommendation to avoid routinely using >10 fractions of palliative RT for bone metastasis. Nonetheless, single-fraction RT remains relatively uncommon. Participating in GOC discussions with a radiation oncologist is associated with higher rates of hospice referral. Inpatient status at consultation is associated with short survival.
Interfacial instability and microstructural growth due to rapid solidification in laser processing

Abstract Inherent rapid solidification during laser processing, such as laser cladding or surface alloying, can produce finer and newer microstructures having stable and metastable phases. A mathematical model is provided to predict and control rapidly solidified microstructures by analyzing the instability of the solid–liquid interface. The diffusion of solute atoms in the melt is analyzed by considering the nonequilibrium partition coefficient at the solid–liquid interface. The energy balance at the solid–liquid interface is used to examine the motion of the interface. Applying a small perturbation to the interface, the instability of the interface under different solidification conditions is discussed from the solution of the perturbed heat and mass transfer problems. The results demonstrate the influence of the solidification rate and partition coefficient on the instability of the interface leading to the formation of different types of microstructures. It is therefore possible to predict the microstructures by relating them to the nature of the interfacial instability. The results of this model indicate good agreement with the results of other models, and experimental data for the Fe–Ni alloys.
Ca ionophore-stimulated ion secretion in rabbit ileal mucosa: Relation to actions of cyclic 3′,5′-AMP and carbamylcholine

Addition of the Ca ionophore, A23187 (0.5 μg/ml) to the serosal side of stripped rabbit ileal mucosa, produced changes in ion transport qualitatively identical with those produced by cyclic 3′,5′-AMP (cAMP) and theophylline: an increase in short-circuit current and resistance, net secretion of Cl due both to a decrease in the unidirectional mucosa (m) to serosa (s) flux and an increase in the (s) to (m) flux, and net secretion of Na due to a decrease in (m) to (s) flux. Measurements of intracellular cAMP level demonstrated no change following incubation with the ionophore. Removal of Ca from the serosal bathing medium diminished the effects of A23187 but did not impair the action of theophylline. Furthermore, removal of Ca from both the mucosal and serosal bathing media by replacing it with Sr completely abolished the p.d. response to A23187. These results suggest that the ionophore elicits its secretory actions by increasing Ca influx into the epithelial cells. In a similar way, carbamylcholine and serotonin, secretagogues known to have no effect on intracellular cAMP level in intestinal mucosa, were shown to be dependent on extracellular Ca to produce their full electrical response (although, in the case of carbamylcholine at least, Sr can substitute for Ca). In contrast, the secretagogues vasoactive intestinal peptide and prostaglandin E1, which raise cAMP concentration in intestinal mucosa, do not appear to require external Ca. It is interesting to speculate that Ca is an intracellular mediator of intestinal ion and water secretion and that some intestinal secretagogues may act as Ca ionophores.
Potent inhibition of ornithine decarboxylase by β, γ unsaturated substrate analogs

Abstract Trans -3-dehydro-D, L-ornithine and trans -1, 4-diamino-2-butene have been synthesized and shown to be potent competitive inhibitors of ornithine decarboxylase. The KI′S for trans -3-dehydro-L-ornithine and trans -1, 4-diamino-2-butene are 2.2 and 2.0 μM respectively. Both analogs bind much more tightly to the enzyme than either ornithine or putrescine. Studies of chick embryo muscle cells in culture show results consistent with reversible inhibition of division and/or fusion by addition of trans -3-dehydro-D, L-ornithine to the culture medium.
Coupling Constants and SU(3) Classification of the Y0*(1405)

We present values for the $Y_{0}^{}{}_{}{}^{*}(1405)$ couplings to the $\overline{K}\ensuremath{-}N$ and $\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\Sigma}$ channels. The relative sign is that appropriate to an $\mathrm{SU}(3)$ singlet, but the relative magnitude differs by almost a factor of 3 from the corresponding $\mathrm{SU}(3)$ prediction.
Regional associations of methods used for suicide.

The pattern of associations between the suicide rates by various methods over the American states differed from that found over nations. Language: en
On-column labeling for capillary electrophoretic analysis of individual mitochondria directly sampled from tissue cross sections

This technical note reports on a new procedure to on-column-label organelles sampled from a tissue cross section into a fused silica capillary. These organelles are then analyzed by capillary electrophoresis with postcolumn laser-induced fluorescence detection. In this procedure, the fluorescent label does not come in contact with the tissue, which facilitates visualization of the sampled tissue cross section. In addition, on-column labeling allows for better control of the reaction time and fluorescent label concentrations. As a proof-of-principle, we show results of mitochondria from rat gastrocnemius muscle cross sections that were on-column-labeled with 10-N-nonyl acridine orange (NAO), a mitochondrion-specific probe, and compare them with results for NAO in-tissue labeling of the same tissue. The new organelle labeling procedure reported here may easily be extended to the analysis of individual organelles in other biological samples and may become a valuable tool in studies investigating the role of mitochondria in muscle aging and exercise physiology.
Biases Influencing Recommendation Letter Contents: Physical Attractiveness and Gender1

This study investigated whether 2 well-known biases, gender and physical appearance, influence readers' perceptions of different types of letters of recommendation (LORs; inflated vs. noninflated). Based on 244 participants, a main effect for letter type was found. Applicants with inflated letters were more likely to be hired and were predicted to become more successful, despite readers recognizing that the inflated letter contained exaggerations. A 3-way interaction was also present. Gender and physical attractiveness did not influence reader perceptions when given an inflated letter, but when readers received a noninflated letter, attractive women were predicted to become most successful. These results demonstrate that readers may still be biased by irrelevant factors when reading LORs, emphasizing a need for letter reader training.
Approaching Perpetual Peace: Kant's Defence of a League of States and his Ideal of a World Federation

The standard view of Kant's position on international relations is that he advocates a voluntary league of states and rejects the ideal of a world federation of states as dangerous, unrealistic, and conceptually incoherent. This standard view reigns in both the Kant literature and the debates among Kantian political theorists. However much John Rawls and Jurgen Habermas, for example, may disagree over whether Kant is right to defend a voluntary association of states, their dispute is premised on the standard interpretation of Kant's position. In The Law of Peoples, Rawls's appeal to Kant's purported reasons for rejecting the ideal of a world government serves as a theoretical short-cut, relieving him of the task of discussing the desirability of a world federation of states. 1 In Habermas's 1995 essay on Kant's Perpetual Peace, the case for transforming the United Nations into a cosmopolitan democracy with strengthened coercive powers is preceded by a lengthy argument showing that Kant's position in Perpetual Peace is riddled with contradictions and that Kant's own principles should have led him to argue for a federative state of states with coercive powers. 2 In this essay I argue that the standard view of Kant's position is mistaken and that he in fact holds a third position that combines the defence of a voluntary league with an argument for the ideal of a world federation with coercive powers. I do so via an examination of the three main criticisms that are usually leveled against Kant. These criticisms can be found throughout the Kant literature and in the writings of Kant's opponents, but they are particularly central to recent attempts to use Kant against Kant to advocate the establishment of a world government. First, he is criticized for scaling back, on empirical grounds, the ideal of a state of states to that of a voluntary non-coercive league of states, while still maintaining that pure practical reason demands a state of states. Critics charge that consistency requires that he advocate a federative state of states with coercive powers, and that Kant's appeal to the fact that states do not want to join such an institution makes for a decidedly un-Kantian line of argument. 3 Second, critics object that a state of states is not a contradiction in terms and hence that Kant should not have rejected it on grounds of conceptual incoherence. 4 Third, critics regularly object that a mere league would not help bring about peace because there is no practical difference between a voluntary non-coercive league and no league at all. 5
Factors affecting student retention probabilities: A case study

A comprehensive model of retention based on Tinto’s goal commitment and institutional commitment combined with financial considerations is evaluated for the case of an urban public university enrolling large numbers of non-traditional students. The model was evaluated using data from all freshman and sophomore students over the years 1989–1992. White and minority students were also analyzed separately to determine if there were different sensitivities to various enrollment factors. Academic and social integration factors were found to be the most significant factors in persistence in these years. Financial considerations were of less importance in the persistence decision.
Nitrates in karst systems: a comparison of a relatively unimpacted system to impacted systems

Karst aquifers are highly susceptible to contamination because of the connection with surface water. Nitrate contamination is common; with most karst aquifers exhibiting some degree of impact. Horn Hollow Valley (HHV) in Carter County Kentucky is a karst aquifer system that appears to be minimally impacted by nitrate and chloride contamination. Sampling of the HHV area was conducted from June 2005 to November 2006. Nitrate as nitrogen (NO3-N) concentrations were between 0.13 to 1.54 mg/L; chloride concentrations ranged from 1.43 to 66.3 mg/L. Impact from anthropogenic sources are observed at 1 mg/L for NO3-N and 13 mg/L for chloride. Sources of nitrate are primarily soil organic matter and mineralized fertilizers. In addition to mineralized fertilizers, chloride appears to be contributed from road salts. Compared to waters from three other systems: the Mammoth Cave area, the southwestern Illinois sinkhole plain, and the Missouri Ozarks-Salem Plateau; waters from HHV exhibited lower concentrations of both NO3-Nand chloride. Waters from Mammoth Cave and the Missouri Ozarks tended to have higher NO3-N concentrations and similar chloride concentrations. Waters from southwestern Illinois had higher NO3-N concentrations and chloride concentrations. Overall, the karst aquifer of HHV appears to be a relatively pristine system, with minor human impacts.
Information Technology Adoption by Groups Across Time

Todayâ€™s technologies can support joint, but physically disparate work efforts. Some groups of professionals that could benefit from using these technologies do not adopt them, while others use the technologies frequently. This study provides an in-depth examination of how and when one organization accepted technology in their decision-making efforts. The research examines actual usage of the technology rather than the less strong, but more common measure, intention to use technology. As a result, the paper has helped bridge the gap between what people intend to do and what they actually do, thereby providing both a stronger theoretical basis for the TAM model and some insights into the evolution of the TAM model. It examines an emerging extension to the TAM and provides evidence of the behavior of users when they must act as a group.
Insights about Attitudes: Meta-Analytic Perspectives

Attitudes have long been a popular subject of inquiry for social psychologists and other researchers. Serving to integrate this research, meta-analytic techniques have been used to examine (a) whether people are differentially evaluated because they possess such prominent features as attractiveness or age, (b) whether fear arousal, distraction, message strength, involvement, and time of measurement are related to message-induced attitude change, and (c) the impact of attitudes on memory and behavior: The findings and implications of specific reviews within these general areas are critiqued, and it is concluded that carefully performed meta-analyses can yield a great number of important insights about attitudes.
Catalyst-infiltrated supporting cathode for thin-film SOFCs

The fabrication and electrochemical performance of co-fired,LSM-SYSZ [i.e., La0.65Sr0.30MnO3 (LSM) - (Sc2O3)0.1(Y2O3)0.01(ZrO2)0.89] supported thin-film cells were examined using humidified hydrogen as a fuel. Co-firing of bi-layers and tri-layers was successful at 1250 C by optimizing the amount of carbon pore formers. A power density of a factor of 2.5 higher than that recently reported for the same type of cell at 800 C [3] was obtained for a cell with cobalt infiltration into the supporting cathode: the peak power densities were 455, 389, 285, 202, 141mW/cm2 at 800, 750, 700, 650, 600 C, respectively, and in most cases power densities at 0.7V exceeded more than 90 percent of the peak output. Increasing the cathode porosity from 43 to 53 percent improved peak power densities by as much as 1.3, shifting the diffusion limitation to high current densities. Cobalt infiltration into the support improved those by as much as a factor of 2 due to a significant reduction in non-ohmic resistance. These results demonstrate that cobalt catalyst-infiltrated LSM can be effective and low-cost supporting electrodes for reduced temperature, thin film SOFCs.
Repeated stochastic tree problems

Abstract This letter extends the non-repeated stochastic tree problem. An approach to find the optimal time to cut down a mature tree is developed. A series of analytical results are reported.
Characterization of a Phenotype-Based Genetic Test Prediction Score for Unrelated Patients With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Abstract Objectives To determine the prevalence and spectrum of mutations and genotype-phenotype relationships in the largest hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) cohort to date and to provide an easy, clinically applicable phenotype-derived score that provides a pretest probability for a positive HCM genetic test result. Patients and Methods Between April 1, 1997, and February 1, 2007, 1053 unrelated patients with the clinical diagnosis of HCM (60% male; mean ± SD age at diagnosis, 44.4±19 years) had HCM genetic testing for the 9 HCM-associated myofilament genes. Phenotyping was performed by review of electronic medical records. Results Overall, 359 patients (34%) were genotype positive for a putative HCM-associated mutation in 1 or more HCM-associated genes. Univariate and multivariate analyses identified the echocardiographic reverse curve morphological subtype, an age at diagnosis younger than 45 years, a maximum left ventricular wall thickness of 20 mm or greater, a family history of HCM, and a family history of sudden cardiac death as positive predictors of positive genetic test results, whereas hypertension was a negative predictor. A score, based on the number of predictors of a positive genetic test result, predicted a positive genetic test result ranging from 6% when only hypertension was present to 80% when all 5 positive predictor markers were present. Conclusion In this largest HCM cohort published to date, the overall yield of genetic testing was 34%. Although all the patients were diagnosed clinically as having HCM, the presence or absence of 6 simple clinical/echocardiographic markers predicted the likelihood of mutation-positive HCM. Phenotype-guided genetic testing using the Mayo HCM Genotype Predictor score provides an easy tool for an effective genetic counseling session.
SiN based on-chip microresonator frequency combs and application to optical arbitary waveform generation

We report spectral phase characterization, compression, and shaping of on-chip microresonator combs. Both ∼5nm and ∼1nm free spectral range devices are explored.
Orion/MoonRise: A proposed human & robotic sample return mission from the Lunar South Pole-Aitken Basin

This paper describes a new mission concept called Orion/MoonRise that proposes to return samples from the Lunar far-side South Pole-Aitken Basin (SPAB) using a combination of a robotic Sample Return Vehicle (SRV) based on the MoonRise mission concept developed at National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) Jet Propulsion Laboratory, and the Orion Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle currently under development by NASA at Lockheed Martin. The mission concept proposes significant challenges for both robotic and human parts of the mission. Whereas there are many ways to execute this mission concept, one approach is for the Orion and the SRV to launch separately. We assume that the Orion will be staged at the Earth-Moon Lagrange Point 2 (EM-L2) and the SRV at EM-L1. Once both are in place, the SRV descends to the SPAB while the Orion provides critical relay coverage with ground control on Earth. During surface operations, the Orion crew tele-operate the lander sampling system and possibly deploy a sample fetch rover. Once the samples are collected, the Lunar Ascent Vehicle (LAV) launches towards the EM-L2 to rendezvous with Orion. The samples are then brought back to Earth for detailed sample curation and analysis by the scientific community. The Orion/MoonRise mission concept has many strengths worth noting: it provides a very exciting mission to be performed in cis-Lunar space, as a precursor to future human exploration beyond the Earth-Moon System and as a technology demonstration for future sample return from Mars; it implements a mission that is of tremendous value to the planetary science community; it provides an exciting and challenging mission for astronauts to perform and demonstrate in deep-space including remote teleoperations and sample rendezvous and capture; and finally it provides an exciting opportunity for the broad engagement of the general public.
Radioactivity and oceanography

The First International Symposium on Radioactivity and Oceanography was held during June 1–5, 1987, in Cherbourg, France. The theme of the meeting was “Radionuclides: A Tool for Oceanography.” The symposium was cosponsored by the French Society of Nuclear Energy (SFEN) and the French National Institute of Marine Technology (INTM), with support from 13 other organizations. The organizers report that 154 registered participants from 17 nations attended the symposium. The languages of the meeting were French and English; simultaneous translations were provided.
On the microphysics of the magnetotail reconnection region

Abstract We shall review the theories of the tearing mode instability and its implications for the reconnection process in the magnetotail. It is shown that in the thin plasma sheet whose width is comparable to the ion inertial length, the Hall current effect is important. The Hall current effect has not been taken into account so far in the collisionless tearing mode theory. It is argued that the previous collisionless tearing mode theory would not be complete, since the neglect of the Hall current effect leads to an artificial exclusion of the vorticity excitation term from the basic governing equations of the instability.
Previous sexual experience alters the display of paced mating behavior in female rats

The present study tested whether the display of paced mating behavior in female rats over four weekly tests is affected by sexual experience and whether test parameters, i.e., ending the test based on time or number of stimulations received, influence behavioral changes. In Experiment 1A rats with nonpaced sexual experience returned to the male more quickly overall compared to sexually naive rats in a 30-min test of paced mating behavior. In Experiment 1B, rats received four weekly 30-min tests with one, different, male rat partner each week. Over the four tests, rats returned to the male significantly more quickly after intromissions, but significantly more slowly after ejaculations. Experiment 2A tested whether sexual experience would influence paced mating behavior in tests with a 15-intromission end criterion and the male replaced after ejaculation. Rats tested weekly under 15-intromission test conditions returned to the male significantly more quickly after intromissions, but no behavioral change was observed after ejaculations. When those same rats were given a 30-min test of paced mating behavior (Experiment 2B), they returned to the male significantly more slowly after ejaculations. Collectively, these data show that sexual experience influences the display of paced mating behavior in female rats and that the test parameters interact with sexual experience to influence the nature of the changes. Sexual experience may facilitate behaviors that promote reproductive success in female rats.
Biochemical characterization of cloned Aspergillus fumigatus phytase (phyA).

The gene for Aspergillus fumigatus phytase (phyA) was cloned and expressed in Pichia pastoris. The enzyme expressed was purified to near homogeneity using sequential ion-exchange chromatography and was characterized biochemically. Although A. fumigatus phytase shows 66.2% sequence homology with A. ficuum phytase, the most widely studied enzyme, the cloned phytase showed identical molecular weight and temperature optima profile to the benchmark phytase. The pH profile of activity and kinetic parameters, however, differed from A. ficuum phytase. The cloned enzyme contains the septapeptide RHGARYP motif, which is also identical to the active site motif of A. ficuum phytase. Chemical probing of the active site Arg residues using both cyclohexanedione and phenylglyoxal resulted in the inactivation of phytase. The cloned A. fumigatus phytase, however, was more resistant to phenylglyoxal-induced inactivation. Both cloned A. fumigatus and A. ficuum phytases were identically affected by cyclohexanedione. Both the thermal characterization data and kinetic parameters of cloned and expressed A. fumigatus phytase indicate that this biocatalyst is not superior to the benchmark enzyme. The sequence difference between A. fumigatus and A. ficuum phytase may explain why the former enzyme catalyzes poorly compared to the benchmark enzyme. In addition, differential sensitivity toward the Arg modifier, phenylglyoxal, indicates a different chemical environment at the active site for each of the phytases.
Causal attributions in marital violence: Theoretical and methodological issues

Abstract The present manuscript explores the relevance of attribution theory to the study of marital violence and reviews existing data regarding attributions offered by spouses in violent relationships. The data revealed that abused women generally do not blame themselves for their husbands' violence; however, they attribute the violence to unstable causes. Abusive men offer external attributions for their own violence. Several factors (e.g., the severity, duration, and frequency of violence) may influence the types of attributions offered by spouses for marital violence. The relationship between the attributions offered and spouses' reactions to the violence was explored. For example, abused women who cite “love” or “economic hardship” as reasons for remaining in their relationship are the most likely to stay in their abusive marriages. Methodological weaknesses in the current literature are examined and areas to be explored in future research are suggested.
The oxidation-reduction potentials of parsley ferredoxin and its selenium-containing homolog

Abstract We have measured the oxidation-reduction potential of parsley ferredoxin and its derivative in which the two atoms of labile sulfide have been replaced by selenide. The values are –0.416 V (25°, pH 7.94) and –0.378 V (25°, pH 8.14) for the sulfur and selenium derivatives, respectively. Both values show a slight negative dependence on pH.
Imprecision and incompleteness in relational databases: survey

Abstract Most database systems are designed under assumptions of precision and completeness of both the data they store and the requests to retrieve data, even though in reality these assumptions are often false. In recent years, considerable attention has been given to issues of imprecision and incompleteness in databases. The article surveys and compares the basic approaches that address these issues in relational databases.
The application of cell recycle to continuous fermentative lactic acid production

A continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) with cell recycle was used to produce lactic acid from glucose usingLactobacillus delbreuckii NRRLB445. A volumetric productivity of 76 gm/1-h was obtained with an effluent concentration of 35 gm/1 lactic acid and a residual glucose concentration of less than 0.02 gm/l.
An EMG-driven model to estimate muscle forces and joint moments in stroke patients

Individuals following stroke exhibit altered muscle activation and movement patterns. Improving the efficiency of gait can be facilitated by knowing which muscles are affected and how they contribute to the pathological pattern. In this paper we present an electromyographically (EMG) driven musculoskeletal model to estimate muscle forces and joint moments. Subject specific EMG for the primary ankle plantar and dorsiflexor muscles, and joint kinematics during walking for four subjects following stroke were used as inputs to the model to predict ankle joint moments during stance. The model's ability to predict the joint moment was evaluated by comparing the model output with the moment computed using inverse dynamics. The model did predict the ankle moment with acceptable accuracy, exhibiting an average R^2 value ranging between 0.87 and 0.92, with RMS errors between 9.7% and 14.7%. The values are in line with previous results for healthy subjects, suggesting that EMG-driven modeling in this population of patients is feasible. It is our hope that such models can provide clinical insight into developing more effective rehabilitation therapies and to assess the effects of an intervention.
Skeletal turnover and total body elemental composition during extended calcitonin treatment of Paget's disease.

Abstract Twenty patients with generalized symptomatic Paget's disease had serial measurements of radiocalcium turnover and/or total body elemental composition by in vivo neutron activation analysis during long-term calcitonin therapy. Despite maintained clinical improvement, seven of 15 patients showed partial or total loss of the initial decelerating effect of calcitonin on skeletal turnover, whereas the remaining eight patients maintained the calcitonin-induced deceleration. The changes in skeletal turnover were roughly proportional to the induced changes in serum alkaline phosphatase and urinary hydroxyproline. However, disparities in the magnitude of the changes among the three parameters were not uncommon. Total body calcium was increased by a mean of 22% above predicted prior to calcitonin and decreased significantly by 4% during long-term calcitonin treatment. Total body phosphorus, nitrogen, and sodium also decreased. The phosphorus and sodium losses appeared to be mostly from the skeleton. These data confirm histologic evidence of the disappearance of pagetic bone, resumption of normal lamellar bone formation, and radiographic evidence of a decrease in bone volume during calcitonin treatment and indicate the relative magnitude of this effect. The action of calcitonin in this regard possibly represents a specific effect on Paget's disease beyond its general skeletal effect to reduce cellular activity.
A framework for the development of an assessment tool for children with disabilities

We describe a framework for the development of a gaming environment for the assessment of children with a spectrum of disabilities (GE-CDA tool). A typical case example is that of Cerebral Palsy (CP). We follow an evidence-based approach to identify the required domains which need to be addressed in the GE-CDA tool. Three different axes are considered, namely the domain of disability (cognitive, physical, psychological and behavioral), the function to be assessed for those domains (i.e. hand-eye coordination, working memory capacity) and the assessment method for each one of the functions. We plan to use Minecraft to develop the assessment tool, since it supports activity based mini-games (fishing, archery, maze, puzzles, etc.) and also allows for modifications, serving as an ideal platform for our GE-CDA tool.
ROC analysis in medical imaging: a tutorial review of the literature

Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis measures the “diagnostic accuracy” of a medical imaging system, which represents the second level of diagnostic efficacy in the hierarchical model described by Fryback and Thornbury (Med Decis Making 11:88–94, 1991). After describing the historical origins of ROC analysis, this paper reviews the importance of sampling cases appropriately, designing an observer study to avoid bias, and collecting data on a useful scale. A variety of methods for fitting ROC curves to observer data and testing the statistical significance of apparent differences are then reported. Finally, generalized forms of ROC analysis that require lesion localization or allow more than two states of truth are surveyed briefly.