cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A real time data acquisition and signal processing unit for biomedical applications

A data acquisition and signal-processing system for real-time bioelectrical signal recording and analysis is described. The hardware is designed to accommodate a variety of bioelectric signals: EKG, EMG, EEG, action potentials, movement, and respiration. The flexibility of the unit is achieved by software control of amplifier gain, bandpass filter bandwidth, and sampling conditions. The user downloads a customized data-acquisition program, generated on the host microcomputer, by one of three available interfaces (serial, parallel, or DMA). The unit provides analog signal conditioning, digitization, and processing of the signal(s) according to user requirements. Acquisition and feature extraction strategies can be adjusted online by the investigator or can be programmed to respond automatically to changes in the input signals. An onboard digital signal-processing chip allows the use of various fast algorithms for real-time frequency-domain analysis. Only extracted data are uploaded to the host for future analysis and graphical display. >
Simulation of keV clusters incident on gold targets

Using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, Shapiro and Tombrello predicted that keV clusters containing a mixture of light and heavy atoms can eject a substantial fraction of their lighter atoms away from a target surface, a phenomenon they designate “splash”. Recently, experiments by Diehnelt et al. and Brunelle et al. have shown evidence of fluorine and deuterium splash in systems of (NaF)nNa+ and deuterated valine, respectively, incident on gold targets. Although direct yields cannot be compared due to unknown ionization efficiencies in the experiments, this paper describes further simulations which provide insight into the experimental systems. For the (NaF)_(n)Na^+ clusters, our results agree reasonably well with the observed trend in fluorine splash as a function of cluster energy but predict a different dependence on cluster size. For the valine system, we find the same dependence of the yield on cluster size as the experiment.
Transmission Electron Microscopy of Multilayer Thin Films

The unique geometry of multilayer thin films, with layer thicknesses on the nanoscale, gives rise to a wide range of novel properties and behavior that are not observed in the bulk. The novel behavior is critically dependent on the microstructure of the films. This paper reviews the use of a range of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques to elucidate the structure, chemistry, and properties of multilayer thin films. The paper includes a brief introduction to the technological applications to which multilayer thin films are suited, followed by a description of the various TEM techniques. The final section of the paper presents the application of these techniques to various multilayer thin film systems.
Membrane-tethered Drosophila Armadillo cannot transduce Wingless signal on its own

Drosophila Armadillo and its vertebrate homolog beta-catenin are key effectors of Wingless/Wnt signaling. In the current model, Wingless/Wnt signal stabilizes Armadillo/beta-catenin, which then accumulates in nuclei and binds TCF/LEF family proteins, forming bipartite transcription factors which activate transcription of Wingless/Wnt responsive genes. This model was recently challenged. Overexpression in Xenopus of membrane-tethered beta-catenin or its paralog plakoglobin activates Wnt signaling, suggesting that nuclear localization of Armadillo/beta-catenin is not essential for signaling. Tethered plakoglobin or beta-catenin might signal on their own or might act indirectly by elevating levels of endogenous beta-catenin. We tested these hypotheses in Drosophila by removing endogenous Armadillo. We generated a series of mutant Armadillo proteins with altered intracellular localizations, and expressed these in wild-type and armadillo mutant backgrounds. We found that membrane-tethered Armadillo cannot signal on its own; however it can function in adherens junctions. We also created mutant forms of Armadillo carrying heterologous nuclear localization or nuclear export signals. Although these signals alter the subcellular localization of Arm when overexpressed in Xenopus, in Drosophila they have little effect on localization and only subtle effects on signaling. This supports a model in which Armadillo's nuclear localization is key for signaling, but in which Armadillo intracellular localization is controlled by the availability and affinity of its binding partners.
Sexual structures in Aspergillus: morphology, importance and genomics.

The genus Aspergillus comprises a few hundred species sharing a common asexual spore forming structure, the aspergillum. Approximately one-third of these species also produce a sexual stage, all bu...
A paradigm for handwriting-based intelligent tutors

This paper presents the interaction design of, and demonstration of technical feasibility for, intelligent tutoring systems that can accept handwriting input from students. Handwriting and pen input offer several affordances for students that traditional typing-based interactions do not. To illustrate these affordances, we present evidence, from tutoring mathematics, that the ability to enter problem solutions via pen input enables students to record algebraic equations more quickly, more smoothly (fewer errors), and with increased transfer to non-computer-based tasks. Furthermore our evidence shows that students tend to like pen input for these types of problems more than typing. However, a clear downside to introducing handwriting input into intelligent tutors is that the recognition of such input is not reliable. In our work, we have found that handwriting input is more likely to be useful and reliable when context is considered, for example, the context of the problem being solved. We present an intelligent tutoring system for algebra equation solving via pen-based input that is able to use context to decrease recognition errors by 18% and to reduce recognition error recovery interactions to occur on one out of every four problems. We applied user-centered design principles to reduce the negative impact of recognition errors in the following ways: (1) though students handwrite their problem-solving process, they type their final answer to reduce ambiguity for tutoring purposes, and (2) in the small number of cases in which the system must involve the student in recognition error recovery, the interaction focuses on identifying the student's problem-solving error to keep the emphasis on tutoring. Many potential recognition errors can thus be ignored and distracting interactions are avoided. This work can inform the design of future systems for students using pen and sketch input for math or other topics by motivating the use of context and pragmatics to decrease the impact of recognition errors and put user focus on the task at hand.
Time-Dependent SHG in Thin Film Germanium-Doped Silica Waveguides

The evolution of second harmonic generation (SHG) in germanium doped silica planar waveguides is simulated numerically. Based on the asymmetric photoionization model, the total current in the waveguide is taken to be the sum of an asymmetric current and a current due to the resulting dc field. The interplay between these two currents causes the SHG to saturate in time. The saturation of SHG in length is due to diffraction.
Inhibition of Eukaryotic Initiation Factor 2 Alpha Phosphatase Reduces Tissue Damage and Improves Learning and Memory after Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury

Abstract Patients who survive traumatic brain injury (TBI) are often faced with persistent memory deficits. The hippocampus, a structure critical for learning and memory, is vulnerable to TBI and its dysfunction has been linked to memory impairments. Protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase regulates protein synthesis (by phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 alpha [eIF2α]) in response to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stressors, such as increases in calcium levels, oxidative damage, and energy/glucose depletion, all of which have been implicated in TBI pathophysiology. Exposure of cells to guanabenz has been shown to increase eIF2α phosphorylation and reduce ER stress. Using a rodent model of TBI, we present experimental results that indicate that postinjury administration of 5.0 mg/kg of guanabenz reduced cortical contusion volume and decreased hippocampal cell damage. Moreover, guanabenz treatment attenuated TBI-associated motor, vestibulomotor, recognition memory, and spatial learning and memory dysf...
Pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration in fetal lambs acclimatized to high-altitude long-term hypoxia: role of histone acetylation

High-altitude long-term hypoxia (LTH) is known to induce pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell (PASMC) proliferation in the fetus, leading to pulmonary arterial remodeling and pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. The mechanisms underlying these conditions remain enigmatic however. We hypothesized that epigenetic alterations in fetal PASMC induced by high-altitude LTH may play an important role in modulating their proliferation during pulmonary arterial remodeling. To test this hypothesis, we have analyzed epigenetic alterations in the pulmonary vasculature of fetal lambs exposed to high-altitude LTH [pregnant ewes were kept at 3,801 m altitude from ~40 to 145 days gestation] or to sea level atmosphere. Intrapulmonary arteries were isolated, and fetal PASMC were cultured from both control and LTH fetuses. Compared with controls, in LTH fetus pulmonary arteries measurements of histone acetylation and global DNA methylation demonstrated reduced levels of global histone 4 acetylation and DNA methylation, accompanied by the loss of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21. Treatment of LTH fetal PASMCs with histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor trichostatin A decreased their proliferation rate, in part because of altered expression of p21 at both RNA and protein level. In PASMC of LTH fetuses, HDAC inhibition also decreased PDGF-induced cell migration and ERK1/2 activation and modulated global DNA methylation. On the basis of these observations, we propose that epigenetic alterations (reduced histone acetylation and DNA methylation) caused by chronic hypoxia leads to fetal PASMC proliferation and vessel remodeling associated with vascular proliferative disease and that this process is regulated by p21.
Fertility of southern black farmers in 1900: evidence and speculation.

This paper examines variation in the fertility of southern black farmers near the turn of the century. The data source is a 1 in 750 sample of households taken from the 1900 manuscript census. Environmental and individual characteristics are used in regression analyses to predict the number of children ever born to married women between ages 15-44. Comparable results are presented for southern native white farmers. Results show substantially different predictors for the 2 groups. The fertility of blacks responded positively to the presence of manufacturing activity in their county while whites exhibited the opposite relationship. Further land shortages significantly depressed white fertility but were unrelated to black reproduction. A possible interpretation of these discrepant results is offered emphasizing the inferior social position of and restricted opportunities for southern blacks in the late 1800s. Finally it is concluded that a mix of voluntary and involuntary forces was probably responsible for the rural black fertility transition which began in the late 19th century. (authors)
Existential Psychotherapy With a Person Who Lives With a Left Ventricular Assist Device and Awaits Heart Transplantation A Case Report

This is a case report about long-term existential psychotherapy with a person who lived with a ventricular assist device after a fulminant heart attack and who awaited heart transplantation. The th...
Indirect Dominant Mode Rejection: A Solution to Low Sample Support Beamforming

Under conditions of low sample support, a low-rank solution of the minimum variance distortionless response (MVDR) equations can yield a higher output signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) than the full-rank MVDR beamformer. In this paper, we investigate several low-rank beam- forming techniques, and we also propose a new beamformer that we refer to as the indirect dominant mode rejection (IDMR). We analyze the degradation in the output SINR caused by residual cross correlations embedded in the sampled covariance matrix due to low sample support. The IDMR beamformer is based on a parametric estimate of the covariance matrix, in which any cross correlation is canceled out. Simulations reveal that the IDMR beamformer yields a dramatic improvement in output SINR relative to the conjugate gradient (CG), principal component inverse (PCI), and dominant mode rejection (DMR) beamformers. In our investigation of the low-rank CG beamformer, we address the issue of whether the unity gain constraint in the look direction should be enforced a priori via the use of a blocking matrix or effected a posteriori through simple scaling of the beamforming vector. Remarkably, it is proven that the two methods yield exactly the same low-rank beamformer at each and every rank.
Eclectic radar signal processing via artificial intelligence

This paper examines the evolution of HF radar signal processing in terms of the ever-increasing range of signal decomposition options, both algorithmic and paradigmatic. A processing regime embodying a knowledge-based system is proposed as a means of effecting real-time selection and control of signal analysis procedures. >
The αβ T Cell Receptor Is an Anisotropic Mechanosensor

Thymus-derived lymphocytes protect mammalian hosts against virus- or cancer-related cellular alterations through immune surveillance, eliminating diseased cells. In this process, T cell receptors (TCRs) mediate both recognition and T cell activation via their dimeric αβ, CD3ϵγ, CD3ϵδ, and CD3ζζ subunits using an unknown structural mechanism. Here, site-specific binding topology of anti-CD3 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and dynamic TCR quaternary change provide key clues. Agonist mAbs footprint to the membrane distal CD3ϵ lobe that they approach diagonally, adjacent to the lever-like Cβ FG loop that facilitates antigen (pMHC)-triggered activation. In contrast, a non-agonist mAb binds to the cleft between CD3ϵ and CD3γ in a perpendicular mode and is stimulatory only subsequent to an external tangential but not a normal force (∼50 piconewtons) applied via optical tweezers. Specific pMHC but not irrelevant pMHC activates a T cell upon application of a similar force. These findings suggest that the TCR is an anisotropic mechanosensor, converting mechanical energy into a biochemical signal upon specific pMHC ligation during immune surveillance. Activating anti-CD3 mAbs mimic this force via their intrinsic binding mode. A common TCR quaternary change rather than conformational alterations can better facilitate structural signal initiation, given the vast array of TCRs and their specific pMHC ligands.
Radiative and Convective Driving of Tropical High Clouds

Using satellite cloud data from the Aqua Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and collocated precipitation rates from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR), it is shown that rain rate is closely related to the amount of very thick high cloud, which is a better proxy for precipitation than outgoing longwave radiation (OLR). It is also shown that thin high cloud, which has a positive net radiative effect on the top-of-atmosphere (TOA) energy balance, is nearly twice as abundant in the west Pacific compared to the east Pacific. For a given rain rate, anvil cloud is also more abundant in the west Pacific. The ensemble of all high clouds in the east Pacific induces considerably more TOA radiative cooling compared to the west Pacific, primarily because of more high, thin cloud in the west Pacific. High clouds are also systematically colder in the west Pacific by about 5 K. The authors examine whether the anvil cloud temperature is better predicted by low-level equivalent potential temperature (E), or by the peak in upper-level convergence associated with radiative cooling in clear skies. The temperature in the upper troposphere where E is the same as that at the lifting condensation level (LCL) seems to influence the temperatures of the coldest, thickest clouds, but has no simple relation to anvil cloud. It is shown instead that a linear relationship exists between the median anvil cloud-top temperature and the temperature at the peak in clear-sky convergence. The radiatively driven clear-sky convergence profiles are thus consistent with the warmer anvil clouds in the EP versus the WP.
Distributed Intrusion Detection with Intelligent Network Interfaces for Future Networks

Intrusion detection remains an important and challenging task in current and next generation networks (NGN). Emerging technologies such as multi-core processors and virtualization have changed the architecture of the building elements of NGN significantly, thus call for rethinking of how network processing is done. In this paper, we propose distributed intrusion detection using intelligent network interfaces where additional processing capabilities are available. We design and implement a prototype to perform pattern matching using network processors since pattern matching is one of the important workloads in intrusion detection. Through the experimental results, we show the feasibility and performance of distributed intrusion detection in next generation networks.
Multinuclear NMR and Powder X-ray Diffraction Studies of Si and Sn Clathrates of Alkali Metals: Vacancies, Disorder and Knight Shifts

The Structure I type binary metal clathrates of K/Si, Rb/Si and Cs/Sn have been synthesised and studied by powder X-ray diffraction and solid state NMR. Rietveld analysis shows that in all three materials some of the cages are empty, and that in the Cs/Sn clathrate there are vacancies in the Sn framework. The NMR results yield Knight shifts for 29Si and 39K and confirm that the Cs/Sn clathrate is not conducting. Many of the features of the NMR spectra can be understood in terms of the distributions of atom vacancies.
Freeze: engineering a fast repeater insertion solver for power minimization using the ellipsoid method

This paper presents a novel repeater insertion algorithm for the power minimization of realistic interconnect trees under given timing budgets. Our algorithm judiciously combines a local optimizer based on the dynamic programming technique and a global search engine using the ellipsoid method. As a result, our approach is capable of producing high-quality solutions at a very fast speed. Furthermore, our scheme is robust and does not need any manual tuning of the iteration-control parameters. We have developed a repeater insertion tool, called Freeze, using the proposed algorithm and applied it to various interconnect trees with different timing targets. Experimental results demonstrate the high effectiveness of our approach. In comparison with the state-of-the-art low-power repeater insertion schemes, Freeze requires 5.8 times fewer iterations on the average, achieving up to 27 times speedup with even better power savings. When compared with a dynamic programming based scheme, which guarantees the optimal solution, our tool delivers up to 50 times speedup with 0.9% power increase on the average.
HYDROGEOMORPHIC EFFECTS OF BEAVER DAMS IN GLACIER NATIONAL PARK, MONTANA

Sediment depth and stream-flow data from 10 beaver ponds illustrate that beavers (Castor canadensis) considerably influence hydrogeomorphic processes in low-order stream systems of Glacier National Park (GNP), Montana. Beaver ponds clearly trap sediment, and the depth and volume of sediment substantially increase with dam age. Beaver impoundments also reduce the velocity and discharge of streams emerging downstream of dams. Older beaver dams more efficiently reduce stream velocity and discharge than young dams. Three older dams actually precluded downstream discharge, redistributing water as hyporheic outflow. The ability of beavers to alter the hydrogeomorphic environment in the near vicinity of their ponds is dramatic, but future work is still needed to elucidate the relative importance of lowered stream energy versus the erosive potential of underloaded water downstream. [Key words: Castor canadensis, beaver dams, beaver ponds, sedimentation, biogeomorphology, hydrogeomorphology.]
Calcium uptake by chorioallantoic membrane: effects of vitamins D and K

The chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of birds is an epithelial tissue that actively transports large amounts of Ca during embryonic development. In this study the effect of vitamins D and K on Ca uptake by the CAM was studied. Four dietary treatments were used to produce eggs that are the following: deficient in vitamins D and K (-D/-K), sufficient in both (+D/+K), or deficient in one and sufficient in the other (-D/+K or +D/-K). Vitamin D-deficient (-D) Japanese quail embryos (from hens fed 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3) do not hatch because of severe Ca deficiency resulting from their inability to obtain Ca from shell, whereas vitamin K deficiency results in only 14% reduction in hatchability. The results demonstrate that Ca uptake by CAM is vitamin D dependent and only slightly vitamin K dependent. Ca-binding activity of CAM extracts was unchanged by vitamin K deficiency, and only a small increase was provided by vitamin D treatment. Vitamin D stimulated both Ca entry and exist from the chorion cells as indicated by the increased accumulated 45Ca in +D embryos. We conclude that vitamin D is essential for the utilization of eggshell Ca by the developing embryo and hence its survival, suggesting that Ca transport across the CAM is largely a vitamin D-dependent process.
Abstract 5199: Promotion of prostate cancer cell migration and invasion via CXCR3 signaling

Tumor cells exist within, and cross-communicate with their local milieu that includes non-neoplastic cells using a variety of soluble chemokines. CXCR3-binding chemokines have recently been implicated in breast cancer metastasis, though inversely correlated with prostate tumor growth. There are two CXCR3 isoforms differing by a 5′ splice variant, that vary in their distribution, with CXCR3A found mainly on cells of the hematopoietic lineage and CXCR3B the predominant species on adherent cells. These isoforms vary in their predilection for the four common ligands, and the consequences of signaling through these different isoforms can be divergent. How these two isoforms inform tumorigenesis and invasion still remains unclear. Here, we examined the expression and function of the two different variants of CXCR3 in prostate cancer cells. In contrast to normal prostate epithelial cells (RWPE-1), in which CXCR3B was the primary splice variant, CXCR3A was highly expressed in two tested prostate cancer cell lines (DU-145 and PC-3). Two known ligands of CXCR3, CXCL10/IP10 and CXCL11/IP9/I-TAC, were down-regulated in these two prostate cancer cell lines, while the CXCR3B-selective ligand CXCL4/PF4 was overexpressed, allowing for autocrine stimulation. Instead of inhibiting cell migration as in RWPE-1 cells, CXCL4/PF4 and CXCL10/IP10 promoted cell motility and invasiveness in both DU-145 and PC-3 cells in vitro, which might be a result of PLCβ3 activation. Overexpression of CXCR3B in DU-145 cells slightly decreased cell chemoattractant movement and invasion. These data suggest that the aberrant expression of CXCR3A and down-regulation of CXCR3B may promote prostate tumor metastasis via stimulating cell migration. (Funded by a VA Merit Award) Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5199.
Yield Response of Soybeans to Defoliation by the Mexican Bean Beetle (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

This study measured the yield response of soybeans, Glycine max (L.) Merrill, to different levels of defoliation produced by Mexican bean beetle, Epilachna varivestis Mulsant. E. varivestis were allowed to feed on caged soybeans to produce continuous progressive defoliation over different consecutive growth stages. At appropriate growth stages, cages were removed, plant samples for defoliation measurements obtained, and the E. varivestis destroyed. At soybean maturity, counts of plants per plot, pods per plant, weight per seed, and plot yields were obtained. Yieldswere converted to a percentage of yield lossand regressions fitted to the relationship between percentage yield loss and defoliation. The percentage of yield loss was influenced by the leve] of defoliation, the growth stages over which defoliation occurred, and an undefined factor associated with different years, possibly environmental factors or planting date. Generally, defoliations which began at growth stages before the full seed stage had a significant effect on yield. The continuous progressive E. varivestis defoliations produced linear relationships between defoliation and percentage yield loss. The duration and level of accumulated defoliation by the beginning or full seed growth stage determined the slope of the regression. A decrease in either of the two factors reduced the slope. The yield component affected by E. varivestis defoliation in 1981-1983 was weight per seed, which decreased as defoliation increased
Ocular Adnexal Oncocytoma

Ocular oncytoma (oxyphilic adenoma), a lesion histologically similar to oncocytoma of salivary gland, is uncommon among ophthalmic tumors, most of which are reported in the surgical ophthalmological literature. A case report is presented with a review for the practicing pathologist of the features of these rare tumors of the eye.
Rhodiola and Panax quinguefolium mixture to enhance anoxia endurance of mice and its mechanism in vivo

Objective To discuss the effects of Rhodiola and Panax quinguefolium mixture on enhancing anoxia endurance function and its underlying mechanism. Methods We recorded the survival time of mice exposed to hypoxia under the normal pressure,with sodium nitrite poisoning,after acute cerebral ischemia in three corresponding methods respectively. Whole blood samples analysis were also performed. For each test,KM male mice were divided into four groups randomly,namely,low,medium,high dosage groups,0. 6,1. 2,1. 8 g / kg BW,amount to 10 times-,20 time-,and 30 times- dosage of the recommended level)( n = 12) and control group( n = 12). Each test group mice were fed with test substance at 20 ml / kg BW by gavage once a day for 30 days,and the control group mice with the same content of saline. The whole blood analysis test was also used to investigate the potential mechanism. Results In the normal pressure bearinghypoxia test,mice in all dosage groups survived longer than those in control group and presented a dose-effect relationship. Compared with the control group,survival time of high dose group increased 23. 39%( P 0. 05). In sodium nitrite poisoning test,the survival time of mice in high dosage group prolonged 46. 12% than those in control group( P0. 05). In acute cerebral ischemia test,breath time of mice in three dosage groups obviously prolonged by comparing with control group( P0. 01). The content of hemoglobin and the number of red blood cell had no significant change comparing with control group( P 0. 05). Conclusion It was proved that Rhodiola and Panax quinguefolium mixture could enhance anoxia endurance function of mice,and the mechanism might be decreasing the level of oxygen consumption of the organ,or even the whole body.
Crankshaft Chamfer Enhancement Technology and It's Application

Base on practice of deep rolling in plant and comprehend of crankshaft enhancement processes at present.Application of crankshaft enhancement methods and its enhanced principle was introduced and analyzed in this paper,which is to provide the references for improving performance and durability of crankshaft.
Genomic Organization of the Murine and Human IGH Locus

The Igh loci in mouse (chr 12) and human (chr 14) contain multiple variable (V), diversity (D), and joining (J) coding regions required to assemble heavy chain (H) variable regions through DNA recombination. Random VDJ joining occurs upstream of Cμ, that is, the nearest of multiple constant region genes early in B cell differentiation. The light chain (L) variable region gene is then assembled on a separate chromosome by VJ joining. H and L expression enables production of the H 2 L 2 antibody molecule, the H chain of which is expressed via alternative splicing of 3′ exons as either a membrane or secreted form. Alternative splicing also enables production of Cδ together with Cμ in mature B cells. Activation of mature B cells initiates somatic hypermutation of V genes, and the process of class switch recombination whereby DNA double-strand breaks occur in repetitive (switch) regions upstream of Cμ and of a second constant region gene-γ, e, or α. DNA recombination repairs the breaks and leads to excision of the intervening DNA. Noncoding intronic regions of the Igh locus contain a number of regulatory regions, including promoters for sense and antisense transcripts, binding regions for CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) and transcription factors, and enhancers.
Capacitive Accelerometer Made by Silicon Micromechanics

A capacitive accelerometer has been fabricated from Si 110 wafers using the silicon micromachining technique. The sensor basically consist out of an elastically suspended plate between two fixed capacitor plates.
On the synthesis and 31P{1H} NMR spectrum of (CO) 5W(μ-PPh2CH2PPh2) W(CO)5

The dimetallic complex, (CO)5W(μ-PPh2CH2PPh2)W(CO)5, is synthesized from either a 2:1 mixture of (CO)5W(NCMe) and (CO)5W(η1-PPh2CH2PPh2) or a 3:1 mixture of (CO)5W(NCMe) and PPh2CH2PPh2 in toluene at 60°C. The coupling constants, 2Jpp′ = 22.9 Hz, 1JWP = 246.9 Hz and3JWP′ = 4.5Hz are consistent with those reported in the literature for similar complexes. The complex (CO)5W(η1-PPh2CH2PPh2) is stable with respect to chelation at room temperature.
Lung cancer survival prediction from pathological images and genetic data — An integration study

In this paper, we have proposed a framework for lung cancer survival prediction by integrating genetic data and pathological images. Since molecular profiles and pathological images reveal complementary information on tumor characteristics, the integration will benefit the survival analysis. The gene expression signatures are processed using Model-Based Background Correction method. A robust cell detection and segmentation method is applied to segment each individual cell from pathological images to extract the image features. Based on the cell detection results, a set of extensive features are extracted using efficient geometry and texture descriptors. The supervised principal component regression model is fitted to evaluate the proposed framework. Experimental results demonstrate strong prediction power of the statistical model built from the integration of genetic data and pathological images compared with using only one of the two types of data alone.
Reoperation after total correction of tetralogy of Fallot

Fifteen patients have required repeat heart surgery after total correction of tetralogy of Fallot. Indications for reoperation included recurrent ventricular septal defect (VSD), 9 patients; tricuspid regurgitation, 2 patients; residual right ventricular hypertension, 1 patient; and infection of the right ventriculotomy, 3 patients. From this experience, we have drawn the following conclusions: (1) The need for reoperation after correction of Fallot's tetralogy is unusual; (2) although technically more difficult than the primary operation, the second operation does not cause an excessive mortality rate (13 of 15 survived), and (3) properly selected patients derive substantial benefit from reoperation.
Nutrient and pollutant metals within earthworm residues are immobilized in soil during decomposition.

Abstract Earthworms are known to bioaccumulate metals, making them a potential vector for metal transport in soils. However, the fate of metals within soil upon death of earthworms has not been characterized. We compared the fate of nutrient (Ca, Mg, Mn) and potentially toxic (Cu, Zn, Pb) metals during decomposition of Amynthas agrestis and Lumbricus rubellus in soil columns. Cumulative leachate pools, exchangeable pools (0.1 M KCl + 0.01 M acetic acid extracted), and stable pools (16 M HNO3 + 12 M HCl extracted) were quantified in the soil columns after 7, 21, and 60 days of decomposition. Soil columns containing A. agrestis and L. rubellus had significantly higher cumulative leachate pools of Ca, Mn, Cu, and Pb than Control soil columns. Exchangeable and stable pools of Cu, Pb, and Zn were greater for A. agrestis and L. rubellus soil columns than Control soil columns. However, we estimated that >98% of metals from earthworm residues were immobilized in the soil in an exchangeable or stable form over the 60 days using a mass balance approach. Micro-XRF images of longitudinal thin sections of soil columns after 60 days containing A. agrestis confirm metals immobilization in earthworm residues. Our research demonstrates that nutrient and toxic metals are stabilized in soil within earthworm residues.
Model Techniques in Meteorological Research

Scale-model investigations of fluid motion have long since proved their worth in such widely varied fields as aeronautics, ballistics, hydraulics, and naval architecture. New aircraft, projectiles, turbines, spillways, and ships are almost invariably tested at reduced scale before final acceptance of design, and prototype behavior is being predicted with ever-increasing accuracy. Particularly in the field of flood control and river regulation, economies of construction or improvements in design which model studies generally reveal have offset the costs of the studies many times over. It is therefore hardly surprising that meteorologists frequently wonder whether model techniques would not be useful in meteorological research as well.
Drosophila Models for Parkinson's Disease Research

Publisher Summary This chapter explores the Drosophila model for Parkinson's disease research. Abnormal accumulation of α-synuclein is associated with sporadic Parkinson's disease, and dominant point mutations in α-synuclein as well as increases in gene copy number cause familial Parkinson's disease. Microarray studies on heads of presymptomatic α-synuclein ﬂies reveal that select transcripts are affected, enriched in those that affect lipid processing, membrane transport, and, interesting in light of the role of other Parkinsonism genes. Using the basic model, a number of studies have revealed modiﬁers of the toxicity of α-synuclein to dopaminergic neurons. Abnormal folding or misfolding of the protein is likely involved, based on the abnormal accumulation of the protein into Lewy-body like structures. The studies on inclusion formation of α-synuclein suggested the possibility that accumulations of α-synuclein may be protective. It is indicated that expression of mutant Parkin proteins with point mutations or truncations, reflecting familial disease situations where only a single copy of the gene appears mutated, can exert a dominant toxic effect on age-dependent integrity and function of dopaminergic neurons.
IL-7 as a Membrane-Bound Molecule for the Costimulation of Tumor-Specific T Cells.

Abstract Abstract 3035 Poster Board II-1011 Redirecting specificity to a selected cell surface tumor-associated antigen can be accomplished by the genetic modification of T cells to express a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR). Despite systematic modifications to the CAR endodomains to provide T cells with competent signaling, CAR-dependent T-cell activation may remain incomplete resulting in inferior in vivo persistence leading to a suboptimal therapeutic response. To improve T-cell survival and therefore an anti-tumor response, investigators have co-infused soluble recombinant cytokines such as IL-2 and IL-7. IL-7 is a homeostatic cytokine for T cells and supports survival of memory T cells. To provide IL-7 mediated signaling to T cells in the tumor microenvironment and thus enhance the proliferation and survival of CAR+ T cells, we constructed a version of IL-7 as a novel membrane-bound molecule (mIL7) designed to stimulate T cells in cis and trans. The mIL7 construct was electro-transferred with a CD19-specific CAR (on day 0) into primary T cells via multiple transposition of Sleeping Beauty DNA plasmids. These genetically modified T cells could be numerically expanded ex vivo without additional soluble cytokine supplementation on CD19+ artificial antigen presenting cells (aAPC) derived from K562. This resulted in the preferential outgrowth of T cells expressing both mIL7 and CAR (Figure A and B) while CAR+ T cells receiving no soluble cytokine supplementation did not sustain proliferation (Figure B). These mIL7+CAR+ T cells exhibited redirected specific lysis of CD19+ tumor targets. Significantly, the kinetics of propagation of mIL7+CAR+ T cells in the absence of exogenous cytokine was comparable to CAR+ T cells that were numerically expanded in the presence of soluble IL-2. Signaling by IL-7 receptor signal induction in mIL7+CAR+ T cells appeared comparable to signaling by soluble IL-7 in CAR+ T cells, as assessed by phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5). These data demonstrate that mIL7 can be expressed by CAR+ tumor-redirected T cells to enhance their proliferation without the need for additional cytokine support. These results have implications for the design of clinical trials to evaluate whether mIL7+CAR+ T cells can exhibit enhanced persistence and thus improved therapeutic potential. Download : Download high-res image (218KB) Download : Download full-size image Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
He’s Wearing a Dress

This chapter features the reactions of first graders to 10,000 Dresses by Marcus Ewert. The first graders struggled with understanding if the protagonist was “really” a boy or a girl. Analysis of these responses revealed that the students’ discourse was trapped by the male/female gender binary. Since discourse is constrained by language, at times everyone became tongue tied over pronouns. Occasionally children laughed, smiled, or giggled thinking this book was intended to be funny. Their dialogue is an example of what Bronwyn Davies (2003) calls gender category maintenance work, a response to actions that challenge society’s hegemonic construction of gender.
Molecular Ultrasound Imaging for the Detection of Neural Inflammation: A Longitudinal Dosing Pilot Study:

Molecular ultrasound imaging provides the ability to detect physiologic processes noninvasively by targeting a variety of biomarkers in vivo. The current study was performed by exploiting an inflam...
Electrically small printed monopole antenna for WLAN and WiMAX applications

This work surveys the electrically small printed monopole antennas found in literature and examine them based on the theory of electrically small antennas. Various techniques used in the miniaturization of printed monopole antennas are analyzed and their merits and demerits are explained. Further, a design of an electrically small tri-band printed monopole antenna is proposed. The design consists of a C-shape element, Inverted G-shape element and a defected ground plane. The antenna size is 0.14λ × 0.19λ. It operates in three bands, i.e., 2.34–2.5 GHz, 3.3–3.8 GHz and 5.15–6.2 GHz. A prototype of the proposed antenna is fabricated. The antenna achieves three distinct operating bands with its compact size and the measured results are in agreement with the simulations. This work further validates the theoretical design guidelines for small antennas and proves that miniaturization of an antenna is a compromise between bandwidth, gain and efficiency.
A numerical model study on Saint John River ice breakup

Ice jam floods are frequent occurrences throughout the Saint John River. Spring ice breakup, due to the freshet, are the most common and damaging. A coupled two-dimensional hydro and ice dynamics model was used to study the breakup and jamming processes on the 64 km reach of the Saint John River between Grand Falls and the Beechwood Generation Station. The model simulated the evolution of the 2012 ice breakup and jamming event, which caused record high flooding. The simulated results compared well with observed data and provided detailed information on the breakup processes. The study showed that both failure due to accumulation of ice at the cover leading edge and failure due to high rates of water level change from surges were important ice breakup processes. It was also found that one of the most significant factors in the flooding at Perth–Andover was the release of ice from above Grand Falls.
Bilinear Identification of Nonlinear Processes

Abstract Identification of nonlinear processes using bilinear models is presented. To avoid direct estimation of the bilinear model parameters, a dynamically equivalent input/output model structure is developed through an analysis of the observability of the bilinear system. Calculation of the Volterra kernels from the input/output model parameters is presented and the overparameterization of the input/output model form is examined by comparison with the Volterra series model form. Constraint equations calculated from this guarantees the dynamic equivalence of the input/output and state-space forms. The input/output model parameters are estimated through an extended least-squares method. An example of a fluid catalytic cracking unit (FCCU) is presented.
Strategic Approaches to Sequence Analysis

It has now been nearly 30 years since Sanger and his colleagues first showed that a protein (insulin) has a unique amino acid sequence1. The tools they developed to generate fragments, to isolate small peptides, to determine amino acid compositions, and to establish end groups defined the frontier of protein chemistry at that time, but have been replaced over the years by procedures with greater efficiency, speed and sensitivity. Moore, Stein and their colleagues2,3 introduced more quantitative procedures. Edman replaced end group analysis with the stepwise degradation procedure bearing his name4 and led us towards automated instruments which allow us to perceive answers before we forget the questions. It is becoming routine that the sequence of a purified protein is determined as a normal part of a complete program to study the structural basis of its function and control.
Tumor bulk as an independent marker of anti-EGFR therapeutic benefit in metastatic colorectal cancer.

e15054Background: Molecular testing and location of the primary tumor (right-sided (R) versus (vs) left-sided (L)) are useful in predicting the clinical benefit of the anti-epidermal growth factor ...
BEYOND STAGE FRIGHT: A CASE OF GLOSSOPHOBIA-INDUCED SUDDEN CARDIAC ARREST

Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) in structurally normal hearts is often due to familial syndromes such as catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT), Wolff-Parkinson-White, Long QT syndrome (LQTS) and Brugada syndrome. These can be differentiated by electrocardiography (EKG), imaging
Genetic Potential and Gene Expression Landscape in Flax

Flax is an important domesticated crop that is farmed for the production of linen textiles and for its oil seeds that contain many important human health-promoting compounds. Flax is one of the earliest domesticated crops, yet progress in genetic, genomic, and transcriptomic analysis of important agricultural traits has been relatively slow. Major gene expression studies have examined bast fiber development, seed development, and stress responses. These studies have identified some key genes involved in oil production and highlight some unique aspects of the cell wall of bast fibers which is of great interest to linen producers and cell wall biologists. Following the recently published genome sequence, flax is currently poised for further amelioration of economically important traits through directed breeding approaches and molecular genetics. Here, we review some of the major transcriptomics studies on flax development, highlight the major discoveries, and provide some perspective on further development of this crop.
A Holistic Analysis of the Intestinal Stem Cell Niche Network

Although many studies into the intestinal stem cell (ISC) niche have been carried out, they have focused on the role of a single cell type or molecular signal. However, no holistic comparisons of the predominant cell types and signals present within the intestinal mucosa have been conducted to date. We utilize bulk RNA sequencing to profile 20 different mucosal cell types covering four major cell categories: epithelial, stromal, endothelial and immune. We further examined the stromal signaling environment using scRNAseq to provide a more comprehensive view of the signaling microenvironment within the intestinal mucosa. We identified the primary signals for the major ISC regulatory pathways and their respective cellular sources. Our analysis suggests that a niche network exists, with no single cell type being responsible for ISC self-renewal, proliferation, or differentiation; rather, each cell type within the network carries out specific functions in a highly cooperative and coordinated manner.
Association of Household Pets, Common Dietary Factors, and Lifestyle Factors with Clostridium difficile Infection

Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is one of the most common hospital-acquired infections and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Since owning a cat or dog could enrich the gut microbiome, we hypothesized that it would be protective against CDI. We conducted a survey study on patients tested for CDI in order to assess whether living in the presence of a pet is associated with a decreased risk of CDI. We surveyed subjects aged 18–90 over a 14-month period using a retrospective case–control design. Subjects with CDI were matched by gender and age to patients who tested negative and had no prior history of CDI. A web-based survey was provided to subjects by mail or assisted by phone. Conditional logistic regression was used to assess for associations between CDI and the various risk factors. 205 CDI positive and 205 CDI negative subjects (response rate of 50.2%) were included. After matching for age and sex, living with a cat or dog was not associated with negative CDI testing. Exploratory multivariable modeling identified an unexpected association between positive CDI testing and high meat intake (OR 2.13, 95% CI 1.21–3.77) as well as between positive CDI testing and cat allergies (OR 1.88, 95% CI 1.02–3.46). Living with a cat or dog was not associated with negative CDI testing. Several novel risk factors for CDI have been identified including high meat intake and cat allergies.
Book review essay on Nell Haynes, Social Media in Northern Chile and Juliano Spyer, Social Media in Emergent Brazil

Social Media in Northern Chile, and Social Media in Emergent Brazil, are part of the large-scale anthropological research project and book series Why We Post, 1 available as physical books and free...