cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract B03: Loss of the Polycomb mark at bivalent promoters leads to activation of intestinal stem cell genes in colorectal cancer

During tumor formation, transcription of many genes becomes deregulated. In order to elucidate epigenetic mechanisms responsible for this phenomenon, we analyzed genome-wide patterns of several histone marks, 5-methylcytosine (5mC) and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) in human stage II colorectal cancer and matching normal tissue samples. By using liquid chromatography—mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), we determined that colon tumors have strongly reduced global levels of 5hmC. However, Tet-assisted bisulfite sequencing showed that site-specific loss of 5hmC in tumors is not associated with localized aberrant CpG island hypermethylation. We observed that DNA hypermethylation is generally targeted to bivalent promoters, which loose H3K27me3 and the associated genes are repressed effectively. Importantly, loss of H3K27me3 at bivalent promoters is not always coupled with gain of 5mC. Instead, H3K27me3 loss is also frequently associated with activation of intestinal stem cell markers and stem cell regulators including LGR5, SOX9, CDX1, CDX2, KLF5, and SALL4 as well as activation of many genes linked to colorectal cancer progression such as MET, CLDN1, PTGS2 (COX-2) and CCND1 (cyclin D1). Activation of these genes correlates with accumulation of the active chromatin mark H3K4me3 at their promoters. Our study demonstrates two distinct features of H3K27me3 loss in cancer. Loss of H3K27me3 at bivalent genes can be accompanied by either gain of 5mC and strong repression or by persistence or gain of H3K4me3 and gene activation. We propose that instability of H3K27me3 coupled with selection for tumor-promoting events plays a major role in colorectal cancer progression most notably by causing activation of cancer driving genes including factors involved in stem cell maintenance. Citation Format: Maria A. Hahn, Arthur X. Li, Xiwei Wu, Daniel W. Rosenberg, Gerd P. Pfeifer. Loss of the Polycomb mark at bivalent promoters leads to activation of intestinal stem cell genes in colorectal cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Chromatin and Epigenetics in Cancer; Jun 19-22, 2013; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(13 Suppl):Abstract nr B03.
Quantitative technique for assessing the geomorphic thresholds for floodplain instability and braiding in the semi-arid environment.

For the semi-arid environment of southern California, a reach-scale classification system and conceptual model were created to synthesize the observed floodplain forms into three basic floodplain continuums: armored, non-armored, and active-regional alluvial fan. These continuums are comprised of three to five alluvial floodplain forms (cascade, step-pool, plane-coarse-bed, plane-mixed-bed, plane-fine-bed, pool-riffle, braided, and dune-ripple). For the non-armored floodplain continuum, a floodplain state diagram has been generated to quantitatively describe the natural downstream progression of floodplain forms and geometry, using specific stream power and the width-to-depth ratio as the state and shape metrics, respectively. Based on field data for 91 cross sections along 14 watercourses, this floodplain state diagram provided the basis to define geomorphic thresholds for floodplain instability and braiding using logistic regression analyses. This method for defining floodplain instability thresholds provides a unique management tool by providing both a systematic and a quantitative means to assess the stability state of watercourses and, thereby, provide a means for assessing the potential for the hazards associated with watercourse instability.
Dating San Andreas fault earthquakes with lichenometry

RegionalrockfalleventsintheSierraNevadaofCaliforniaare caused by distant earthquakes on the northern and southern San Andreasfaultaswellasbylocalearthquakes.Lichenometricdating of synchronous pulses of rockfalls that are presumed to be caused by five historical earthquakes suggests an accuracy of 2.2‐3.5 yr (95% confidence level) for dating young events. Comparison of lichenometric ages for prehistorical rockfalls with precise radiocarbon ages of surface-rupture times at the Pallett Creek and Wrightwood paleoseismology sites indicates that earthquakes on the southern San Andreas fault caused rockfalls 200 to 400 km to the north. A major rockfall event at about A.D. 1690 supports the Fumal et al. (1993) model for a San Andreas fault earthquake that was not detected at Pallett Creek. The A.D. 1690 event in the chronology indicates that the earthquake recurrence interval was shorter and that the degree of clustering of times of earthquakes was less on the Mojave segment of the San Andreas fault than previously thought.
Couette flows of rigid/plastic solids: analytical examples of the interaction of constitutive and frictional laws

Abstract The exact analytical solution under plane strain conditions is found for a hollow circular cylinder subjected to rotational friction on the inner surface and an uniform pressure on the outer surface. Two constitutive laws, a rigid/plastic hardening model with a saturation stress (Voce-Palm material) and a rigid/viscoplastic model (Bingham material), are considered as well as three interfacial laws, sticking, Coulomb sliding friction and Tresca shearing friction. The study focuses on general behavior of the solutions for various pairs of constitutive and interfacial models, such as existence and uniqueness and qualitative differences in solution. For the Voce-Palm material, it is shown that solutions do not exist for certain boundary conditions if only sticking or Coulomb friction are permitted. On the other hand, multiple solutions exist for certain boundary conditions if only sticking and Tresca friction are permitted. Existence is achieved under all boundary conditions if sticking and both frictional laws permitted simultaneously. Uniqueness and unambiguity are achieved if two interface selection principles are invoked: (1) sticking must occur if it is possible and (2) Coulomb sliding must occur if it is possible and sticking is not. Geometrical interpretation of results in the form of friction maps is provided to illustrate possible regimes of interfacial behavior for different boundary conditions.
Pseudo-stable states

Abstract The kinetics of the disorder↪B2 order transformation in a binary alloy was studied in the pair approximation and by Monte Carlo simulations. When a state is approached for which the free energy has a saddle point, the kinetic evolution of the alloy slows or even stalls. Because the state at the saddle point is an unstable state, its apparent stability is deceptive. This special state at the saddle point is an example of a ‘pseudo-stable state’. It is shown that, a low temperatures, saddle points in the free-energy surface are expected. Close approaches to a saddle-point state are facilitated by a long time scale for the relaxation of long-range order.
Changes in free fatty acids and triiodothyronine in response to feeding in pigs.

Ten pigs were surgically implanted with jugular venous catheters. Blood samples were acquired before, during and after meals that occurred ad lib or after 5-hr or 17-hr fasts. 3,3′,5-Triiodothyronine (T3) concentration increased (p<0.05) from 0.49±0.04 to 0.91±0.13 ng/ml (mean±SE) following feeding only when the pigs had been fasted for 17 hr prior to the meal. In contrast, free fatty acid levels decreased (p<0.05) with feeding under ad lib, 5-hr fasted and 17-hr fasted conditions. Free fatty acid concentration decreased from 222±66 mEq/l to 91±20 mEq/l (mean±SE) in pigs fed ad lib. Free fatty acids may function as hunger signals or their decrease may serve as a satiety signal in free-feeding animals. T3 may buffer against a large caloric intake associated with large meals, by increasing dietary thermogenesis.
Linear Relationship between Plasma Concentration and Dosage of Sodium Valproate

Plasma valproate concentration was studied in 7 hospitalized nonepileptic patients who received sodium valproate at daily doses of up to 60 mg/kg. A linear relationship between dose and plasma concentration of valproate (r = 0.81--0.99) was found in each patient, although the slopes of the regression lines (reflecting clearance rates) varied twofold. This suggests that if the valproate plasma concentrations at two different doses are known and the clearance of valproate is not altered by concomitant administration of other drugs, it should be possible to predict the plasma valproate concentration that will result from further dose increments.
Women of the Paris Commune

Abstract Based on previously unpublished documents collected from major European archives in Paris, Amsterdam, and Brussels, this paper argues for a new interpretation of the political ideology and participation of the women of the Paris Commune of 1871. It concludes that the Commune represented a major rupture with both republican Jacobinism, embodied in the French Revolution and perfected in the Third Republic, and modes of citizenship practiced in the Second Empire— an Empire legitimated by the ideology of populism and the idealization of universal suffrage. Hence, it brings to light a feminism that cannot be reduced either to the liberal individualist discourse of rights, or to orthodox socialist theory.
Time elements in rectangular coordinates

In a paper by the second author (Nacozy, 1981), various time elements are presented for use with the Sundman time transformation. In that paper, the time elements are given in terms of Keplerian orbital elements. We give here the corresponding time elements in terms of rectangular coordinates. Extensive references are given in the previous paper and will be omitted here. We present additional numerical experiments comparing the use of time elements and time transformations together with the use of time transformations alone. The results indicate a reduction in computational error when time elements are used.
Soviet educational and cultural policies toward the Crimean Tatars in exile (1944–1987)

(1989). Soviet educational and cultural policies toward the Crimean Tatars in exile (1944–1987) Central Asian Survey: Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 69-88.
IMAGING THE AUDIENCE

Based on participant observation and ethnographic interviews this paper examines the ways in which the popular film business in India anticipates audiences. I explore filmmakers' perceptions of audiences and their attempts to map the audience in the absence of formal market research of the Hollywood variety. Through an identification of conceptualizations and classifications of audiences made by those within the film business, the paper addresses some of the constraints and challenges faced by filmmakers and the related construction of the audience.
Structure, bonding, and ligand-based reactions of zwitterionic boratoiridium(I) complexes with oxazolinyl scorpionate ligands

New tris(4,4-dimethyl-2-oxazolinyl)phenylboratoiridium(I) scorpionate-type compounds [Ir(To M )L 2 ] (L 2 = η 4 -C 8 H 12 and (CO) 2 ) and electrophiles form adducts that contain a bidentate IrTo M -coordination and an N –electrophile interaction of the third oxazoline instead of the oxidative addition product. The adduct with lithium chloride gives a unique heterobimetallic Li– O -oxazoline- N –Ir bridging structure that has been identified through X-ray crystallography. Density functional theory calculations provide thermodynamic data, orbital symmetries, and orbital energies that explain the formation of the observed iridium(I) products.
Classical {Kaluza-Klein} Cosmology for a Torus Space With a Cosmological Constant and Matter

A complete analysis is done for the classical Kaluza-Klein cosmology with a torus space, a cosmological constant, and matter. We show that only a negative cosmological constant with the extra dimension greater than one can provide an inflation and the entropy production in our space.
Ultra High Pressure Tribometer for Testing CO2 Refrigerant at Chamber Pressures up to 2000 psi to Simulate Compressor Conditions

Abstract The growing interest for using the natural refrigerant carbon dioxide (CO2) in refrigeration and air-conditioning applications instead of HFC refrigerants, due to environmental concerns, has led to the development of an ultra high pressure tribometer (UHPT) specifically tailored for testing in CO2 environment. The existing research on tribology related to CO2 environment has focused on investigations at relatively low chamber pressures due to equipment restrictions. The UHPT is a unique tribometer that has been custom designed and manufactured to allow testing under CO2 refrigerant at environmental pressures comparable to those found in compressors. A special housing, which surrounds the tribological surfaces subject to testing, is capable of withstanding chamber pressures up to 13.8 MPa (2000 psi) and can be temperature controlled from 0°C to 100°C via a thermal control system. A multi-axis strain gauge force transducer measures the applied load, frictional forces, and moments during friction te...
Geographical Localization of International Technology Diffusion

Convergence in per capita income across countries turns on whether technological knowledge spillover are global or local. This paper estimates the amount of spillover from R&D expenditures in major industrialized countries on a geographic basis. A new data set is used which encompasses most of the world's innovative activity at the industry-level between the years 1970 and 1995. First, I find that technological knowledge is to a substantial degree local, not global, as the benefits from foreign spillover are declining with distance: on average, a 10% higher distance to a major technology-producing country such as the U.S. is associated with a 0.15% lower level of productivity. Second, technological knowledge has become more global over the sample period. As a determinant of productivity, foreign R&D has significantly gained in importance relative to domestic R&D, and the extent to which knowledge spillover decline with distance has fallen by 20%. The finding of a falling but still high degree of localization has important implications for macroeconomics and growth, trade, and regional economics.
Electrical properties of low-temperature GaAs grown by molecular beam epitaxy and migration enhanced epitaxy

Measurements on low-temperature GaAs epitaxial layers (LT-GaAs) grown by molecular beam epitaxy and migration enhanced epitaxy showed that the excess arsenic incorporated during growth played a crucial role in determining their electrical properties. The electrical transport in LT-GaAs grown by a standard molecular beam epitaxy proceeded mainly via a hopping process, which showed a higher activation energy and onset temperature than those usually observed in lightly doped semiconductors. Using migration enhanced epitaxy to grow LT-GaAs, we were able to substantially reduce the density of As-rich defects and to achieve a good Hall mobility in Be-doped LT-GaAs. The study presented here indicates that, with controlled excess arsenic incorporation during growth, LT-GaAs can vary in a range of conduction properties and thus can be engineered for different device applications.
SOIL FUNGI AND THE EFFECTS OF AN INVASIVE FORB ON GRASSES: NEIGHBOR IDENTITY MATTERS

We studied the effects of soil fungi on interactions between Centaurea mel- itensis, an exotic invasive weed in central California, and two co-occurring grasses, Nassella pulchra and Avena barbata. The fungicide benomyl reduced the abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in plant roots but did not affect non-AM fungi. Centaurea plants grown alone were >50% smaller with the resident microbial community intact than when benomyl was applied. When grown with Nassella, the effect of benomyl was reversed. Centaurea grew almost five times larger with the resident microbial community intact. Fungicide had no effect on the biomass of Centaurea grown with Avena, but biomass of Centaurea was significantly lower when grown with Avena than when grown with Nassella or alone. Photosynthetically fixed carbon may have been transferred from Nassella via soil fungi to Centaurea, constituting a form of soil fungi-mediated parasitism, but such a transfer did not occur from Avena to Centaurea. Second, Nassella may have been more inhibited by soil pathogens in the presence of Centaurea than when alone, and the inhibition of Nassella may have released Centaurea from competition. A third possibility is that Nassella has strong positive effects on the growth of soil fungi, but the positive feedback of beneficial soil fungi to Nassella is less than the positive feedback to Centaurea. Regardless of the mechanism, the difference in soil fungicide treatment effects on competition between Cen- taurea and Nassella vs. Centaurea and Avena has important implications for the invasion of California grasslands.
True aneurysm of digital artery

Abstract A case of a true aneurysm of the ulnar digital artery of the long finger following trauma is presented. Treatment by ligation and excision resulted in relief of symptoms. To our knowledge, a case of true aneurysm of a digital artery has not been previously reported.
Evaluation of microalgae cell disruption by ultrasonic treatment

Microalgae are a promising feedstock for biofuels because of their capability to produce lipids. Cell disruption is necessary to maximize lipid extraction. Sonication conditions were evaluated for breaking heterotrophic (Schizochytrium limacinum) and autotrophic (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii) microalgae cells. Cell disruption was estimated by Nile red-lipids fluorescence quantification in S. limacinum and by the release of intracellular chlorophyll and carotenoids in green microalga C. reinhardtii. In both species, approximately 800 J/10 mL was the energy input necessary to maximize cell disruption, regardless of the cell concentrations studied. Increasing sonication time produced increasing amount of free radicals, quantified by the formation of hydroxyterephthalate. Sonication energy beyond the level needed for cell disruption induced oxidation of arachidonic acid, a polyunsaturated fatty acid typically found in marine lipids. Careful control of sonication conditions is necessary to maximize oil extraction at the lowest operational cost and to prevent oil from free radical-induced degradation.
Miniaturized UWB Filters Integrated With Tunable Notch Filters Using a Silicon-Based Integrated Passive Device Technology

This paper reports on the implementation of miniaturized ultra-wideband filters integrated with tunable notch filters using a silicon-based integrated passive device technology. An ultra-wideband bandpass filter is realized on a micromachined silicon substrate, showing an insertion loss of 1.1 dB, return loss of better than 15 dB, and attenuation of more than 30 dB at both lower and upper stop-bands, with a spurious-free response up to 40 GHz. The filter occupies only 2.9 mm 2.4 mm of die area. To address the in-band interference issues associated with ultra-wideband communication, very compact tunable notch filters are monolithically integrated with the bandpass filters. A two-pole tunable notch filter integrated with an ultra-wideband filter provides more than 20 dB rejection in the 5-6 GHz range to reject U-NII interferences, with a total footprint of 4.8 mm 2.9 mm. The power handling, linearity, and temperature stability of filters are characterized and presented in this paper.
INTRODUCTION: Special Issue on Indian Ocean Climate

In the past, great advances in Indian Ocean research have emerged after expeditions by research vessels such as the Discovery in the 1930s or international cooperative observational programs such as the International Indian Ocean Expedition (1960–65) and ship surveys during the World Ocean Circulation Experiment in the mid-1990s. However, Saji et al. (1999) and Webster et al. (1999), in two letters to Nature, with an introduction by Anderson (1999), used existing observational data to bring attention to an air–sea interaction phenomenon across the tropical Indian Ocean. It involved abnormally high sea surface temperatures in the west during the southwest monsoon, and large cold anomalies off Sumatra and associated easterly equatorial wind anomalies that last through the fall. This La Nina–like pattern tends to make the Indian Ocean SST pattern be more like the pattern in Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Ocean tropical regions. The terms Indian Ocean dipole (IOD) mode or Indian Ocean zonal mode (IOZM) have been used for this climate event, and the extent to which this mode is independent from ENSO quickly became controversial. In spite of the controversy, or rather perhaps because of it, the IOD/IOZM discovery has generated an unprecedented interest in Indian Ocean air–sea interaction. The 24 papers in this special issue reflect this revival of interest in the Indian Ocean region. Many of these papers are based on presentations given at the Climate Variability and Predictability Studies (CLIVAR) workshop hosted by the International Pacific Research Center in Honolulu, Hawaii, from 29 November to 3 December 2004. The first group of papers addresses the decadal and interannual variability in the Indian Ocean and its relation to El Nino and La Nina. Part of the controversy as to which extent IOD and ENSO are related depends on the definition of these events. Meyers et al. propose a new method to classify El Nino, La Nina, and positive and negative IOD events and use that method to identify independent and co-occurring events from 1876 to 1999, setting the stage for the subsequent papers in this group. In the paper by Tozuka et al., a 200-yr run of a coupled ocean–atmosphere model is analyzed for decadal variations of sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) and heat content over the Indian Ocean. Modulation of an El Nino–like basin-scale SSTA pattern and an independent interannual IOD pattern are found. In the following paper by Song et al., a similar decadal modulation is seen. They explore the feedbacks between oceanic heat content and the atmosphere in a 250-yr-long coupled atmosphere–ocean model over the Indian Ocean with emphasis on composite El Nino and IOD events. Co-occurrence of IOD and El Nino results in particularly strong anomaly patterns. Huang and Shukla, in two papers, use ensemble coupled ocean–atmosphere model runs to determine the link between remote and regional forcing in the Indian Ocean. It is
Base-pair mutation caused by four nitro-group containing aromatic amines in Salmonella typhimurium TA100, TA104, TA4001 and TA4006

Among p-phenylenediamine, benzidine and the analogues we previously tested, only the nitro-group containing 2-nitro-p-phenylenediamine, 3-nitro-o-phenylenediamine, 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine and 4,4'-dinitro-2-biphenylamine caused base-pair reversion in the histidine locus of Salmonella typhimurium TA100. In order to determine the types of mutations involved, such as transversion or transition, these four nitro-group containing compounds were tested with S. typhimurium strains TA100, TA104, TA4001 and TA4006. Dose-mutagenicity relationships occurred with TA100 and TA104. However, the majority of revertants from TA100 and TA104 were insensitive to inhibition by histidine analogue, DL-1,2,4-triazole-3-alanine. These results suggested that the occurrence of histidine revertants was predominantly induced by base-pair (point) mutations and not by suppressor gene mutations. The CG-TA transition and CG-AT transversion are the major types of mutation induced by all these compounds in TA100. The TA-AT transversion also contributed to the mutagenicity of 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine and 4,4'-dinitro-2-biphenylamine in TA104. These nitro-group containing compounds showed no mutagenicity in TA4001, but induced CG-GC transversion in TA4006.
Primary production in the subarctic Pacific Ocean: Project SUPER

Abstract Primary production was measured on four cruises to the subarctic Pacific Ocean as an integral component of the SUPER Project (SUbarctic Pacific Ecosystem Research). Results from 26 in situ experiments and 9 simulated in situ experiments yielded production rates that were significantly higher than measured during the earlier Canadian Weather Station program. The new estimate of annual primary production is ca 170g C m−2y−1, over three times greater than previously thought. Maximum production rates of over 1g C m−2d−1 also exceeded recent measurements made with ultraclean sampling technique. Photosynthesis versus irradiance experiments yielded average light-saturated, chlorophyll-specific assimilation rates of ca. 60mgC mgChl−1d−1, which, when combined with local estimates of algal C/Chl, suggested that the specific growth rate of phytoplankton exceeded one doubling per day under optimum conditions of irradiance. Although no spring phytoplankton blooms have ever been observed in the offshore subarctic Pacific, the primary production rates in this region are among the highest reported in any open-ocean environment; production per unit biomass does not seem limited to any extent. Removal processes, such as grazing and sinking, must necessarily play a major role in controlling the standing crop of phytoplankton in the subarctic Pacific.
Science Signaling Podcast: 6 November 2012

This is an interview with Michael Frohman, senior author of a Research Article that appears in this issue of Science Signaling . Frohman’s group has investigated the role of the enzyme phospholipase D1 (PLD1) in the tumor microenvironment. PLD1 produces the lipid phosphatidic acid, which acts as a second messenger in many signaling pathways and promotes proliferation, survival, and metastasis of cancer cells. When tumor cells were implanted into mice lacking PLD1, the resulting tumors were smaller and less vascularized than those that developed in wild-type mice and produced fewer lung metastases. Treating wild-type mice with a PLD1 inhibitor also inhibited tumor growth and metastasis, suggesting that inhibiting the activity of PLD1 might be a useful approach for treating human cancers.
Multipole Radiation in Charged-Particle Scattering

This paper formulates the general problem of photon emission in particle scattering using a classical and quantum mechanical approach. The connection between the classical short collision time (SCT) and Born results is examined for various special classifications of problems. In the dipole case the two formulations yield results that can be expressed in the same form and for arbitrary scattering potential. For quadrupole emission the SCT and Born results are the same only for a short-range potential, however. The quadrupole problem is more sensitive to details in the process because the calculation requires an expansion of the total amplitude for the process to lowest order in the photon wave number or momentum. The special case of photon emission associated with spin-flip transitions during scattering is considered for spin-1/2 particles. Like classical magnetic dipole radiation, there is no infrared divergence feature for this type of emission.
Pedagogy of Notation: Learning Styles Using a Constructivist, Second-Language Acquisition Approach to Dance Notation Pedagogy

ABSTRACTFour undergraduate dance majors learned Motif Notation and Labanotation using a second-language acquisition, playful, constructivist approach to learning notation literacy in order to learn and dance the Parsons Etude. Qualitative outcomes were gathered from student journals and pre- and post-tests that assessed for levels of improved language fluency. A Kolb Learning Styles Inventory 4.0 was completed by the students and was also conducted on the teaching-learning activities to determine if affinities existed between activities and Learning Style preferences. Results were compared to level of engagement and contentment among students to determine whether preferred Learning Style is an indicator of learning engagement among dance students who study notation.
Community Structure and Depressive Disorders

Both sociological and psychiatric theory suggest that the incidence of depressive disorders should be higher in communities where opportunities for occupational success are inadequate relative to aspirations. Such community structures would block many residents from reaching their occupational goals. Presumably, this structurally induced achievement failure is experienced as personal failure, leading to depression for some. Ecological correlations for 27 communities indicate that low opportunity-high aspiration communities have higher rates of hospitalized depression as expected. All educational groups have higher rates of depression in communities where achievement is blocked, but the impact of community structure is greatest on the better educated. The distribution of depressives is better explained by the ratio of opportunities to independently measured aspirations than it is by the opportunity level alone.
An improved shift-invariant artificial neural network for computerized detection of clustered microcalcifications in digital mammograms

A shift-invariant artificial neutral network (SIANN) has been applied to eliminate the false-positive detections reported by a rule-based computer aided-diagnosis (CAD) scheme developed in our laboratory. Regions of interest (ROIs) were selected around the centers of the rule-based CAD detections and analyzed by the SIANN. In our previous study, background-trend correction and pixel-value normalization were used as the preprocessing of the ROIs prior to the SIANN. A ROI is classified as a positive ROI, if the total number of microcalcifications detected in the ROI is greater than a certain number. In this study, modifications were made to improve the performance of the SIANN. First, the preprocessing is removed because the result of the background-trend correction is affected by the size of ROIs. Second, image-feature analysis is employed to the output of the SIANN in an effort to eliminate some of the false detections by the SIANN. In order to train the SIANN to detect microcalcifications and also to extract image features of microcalcifications, the zero-mean-weight constraint and training-free-zone techniques have been developed. A cross-validation training method was also applied to avoid the overtraining problem. The performance of the SIANN was evaluated by means of ROC analysis using a database of 39 mammograms for training and 50 different mammograms for testing. The analysis yielded an average area under the ROC curve (A(z)) of 0.90 for the testing set. Approximately 62% of false-positive clusters detected by the rule-based scheme were eliminated without any loss of the true-positive clusters by using the improved SIANN with image feature analysis techniques.
Sexual Harassment in Women's Jails:

The pernicious problem of sexual harassment continues to infest criminal justice workplaces. The research indicates and theory predicts that the incidence level of this behavior is particularly hig...
Simultaneous determination of nitrite and nitrate in dew, rain, snow and lake water samples by ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatography

Abstract A simple, fast, sensitive and accurate reversed-phase ion-pair HPLC method for simultaneous determination of nitrite and nitrate in atmospheric liquids and lake waters has been developed. Separations were accomplished in less than 10 min using a reversed-phase C 18 column (150 mm × 2.00 mm i.d., 5 μm particle size) with a mobile phase containing 83% 3.0 mM ion-interaction reagent tetrabutylammonium hydroxide (TBA-OH) and 2.0 mM sodium phosphate buffer at pH 3.9 and 17% acetonitrile (flow rate, 0.4 mL/min). UV light absorption responses at 205 nm were linear over a wide concentration range from 100 μg/mL to the detection limits of 10 μg/L for nitrite and 5 μg/L nitrate. Quantitation was carried out by the peak area method. The relative standard deviation for the analysis of nitrite and nitrate was less than 3.0%. This method was applied for the simultaneous determination of nitrite and nitrate in dew, rain, snow and lake water samples collected in southeast Massachusetts. Nitrate was found being present at 4.79–5.99 μg/mL in dew, 1.20–2.63 μg/mL in rain, 0.32–0.60 μg/mL in snow and 0.12–0.23 μg/mL in lake water. Nitrite was only a minor species in dew (0.62–0.83 μg/mL), rain (
PL-01: Is Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) really metabolic surgery? The importance of the bariatric impact of surgery

Background: Physiologic studies in rodents and preliminary human studies have suggested that RYGB improves T2DM via metabolic changes, long before the bariatric or weight loss effects, leading to the concept of “metabolic surgery.” To test this hypothesis, we studied insulin-dependent T2 diabetics undergoing RYGB to determine if T2DM remission in this treatment-resistant subgroup occurred independent of weight loss. Methods: Of all patients undergoing RYGB from 2000-2006 (n 1546) with 12 months follow-up, 318 were diabetic (21%) and 73 of these (23%) were insulin-dependent. 4 type I diabetics (7.4%) were excluded leaving a study population of 69 patients. Statistical significance was set at P 0.05 using the student t-test, ANOVA, and logistic regression as appropriate. Results: After RYGB, all 69 insulin-dependent diabetics achieved a reduction in dose and/or number of medications at 28.7 16.0 months. 33 (48%) demonstrated remission of T2DM defined as cessation of diabetic medications with an HbA1C 7%. Preoperative BMI, age, number of medications, years of diabetes diagnosis, years on insulin therapy, and HbA1C did not differentiate between those who attained remission versus those still on medications. From the multivariant analysis, the only significant predictor of remission was % excess weight loss (odds ratio 6.25, P 0.01). %EWL was greater in remission patients as early as 3 months post-op (P 0.03) and also at 6, 12, and 24 months. Conclusion: RYGB was found to uniformly improve the medication requirements of patients with insulin-dependent T2DM. %EWL was a significant factor predicting remission of T2DM in this insulin-dependent population. Although early physiologic mechanisms may contribute, the data support that weight loss (bariatric effect) following RYGB is either a causative factor in the remission of T2DM or a result of such mechanisms. PII: S1550-7289(08)00370-5
Initial results with an electrothermal bipolar vessel sealer.

An electrothermal bipolar vessel sealer (EBVS; Ligasure, Valleylab, Boulder, CO, USA) was developed as an alternative to suture ligatures, hemoclips, staplers, and ultrasonic coagulators for ligating vessels and tissue bundles. The EBVS seals vessels up to 7 mm in diameter by denaturing collagen and elastin within the vessel wall and surrounding connective tissue. This study is the first to determine the clinical efficacy and safety of this instrument and delineate its potential timesavings in both experimental (animal) and clinical scenarios. A prospective review of the author’s clinical experience with the EBVS in laparoscopic and open operations from October 1998 to March 2000 was performed. In addition, five Yorkshire domestic pigs underwent 150-cm small intestine resections (n=10) using the EBVS (n=5) and suture ligatures (n=5). Measurements included time to complete intestinal resection, the number of applications per minute for each method, and the presence of postapplication bleeding. Statistical analysis was performed using Student’s t-test. The EBVS was used in 98 cases (46 laparoscopic and 52 open) with a mean of 43 applications (range, 10–150 applications) per case. The operations included 53 colon and/or small bowel resections (54.1%), 24 fundoplications (24.5%), 12 gastric resections (12.2%), 3 splenectomies, 2 pancreatectomies, 1 adrenalectomy, 1 bilateral salpingooopherectomy, 1 pancreatic cyst-jejunostomy, and 1 vagotomy with gastrojejunostomy. In all these cases, the EBVS was intended to be the only means of vessel ligation. An alternative ligation technique was required for bleeding in only 13 (0.3%) of more than 4,200 applications of the EBVS. No postoperative hemorrhagic complications occurred. There was an estimated mean reduction in operative time of 39 min per open procedure, and a mean prolongation in operative time of 8 min per laparoscopic procedure when the EBVS was used in lieu of suture ligatures, hemoclips, staplers, or ultrasonic coagulators. In the animal model, the mean time for completion of the intestinal resection was 251.9 s for the EBVS and 702.0 s for ligatures (p<0.001). The mean number of applications per minute was 7.6 for the EBVS and 1.8 for ligatures (p<0.001). No postapplication bleeding was seen. Initial clinical results from the use of EBVS in laparoscopic and open procedures demonstrate it to be safe and effective, reducing operative time in open procedures. Suture ligatures, ties, hemoclips, and other ligating techniques were used rarely (0.3%) after an application of the EBVS. In an experimental animal model, the EBVS was significantly faster and more efficient (more applications per minute) than ligatures for intestinal resection.
Intrastriatal injections of dynorphin A fragments potentiate the dorsal immobility response in rats.

Abstract The effects of bilateral intrastriatal injections (2.0 μg/side) of Dynorphin A 1–17 (Dyn A 1–17) and Dynorphin A 1–8 (Dyn A 1–8) and their related nonopioid fragments upon the dorsal immobility response (DIR) over a 1-h time course were investigated. Dyn A 1–17 and Dyn A 2–17 potentiated the duration of the DIR 5 min postinjection, whereas Dyn A 1–8 and Dyn A 2–8 potentiated the DIR duration at each time point over the hour with their greatest effect at 15 min. An SC injection of 4 mg/kg naloxone 15 min prior to central injections blocked the potentiation of the DIR effects of Dyn A.
Communicating spinal arachnoid cysts: Diagnosis by delayed metrizamide computed tomography

A case of an extradural spinal arachnoid cyst is presented with emphasis on the neuroradiologic characteristics of this lesion. The cyst was definitely diagnosed by delayed metrizamide spinal computed tomography. Extradural spinal arachnoid cysts, or diverticula, have been the subject of much discussion in the neuroradiologic and neurosurgical literature. However, the appearance of a communicating arachnoid cyst on delayed spinal computed tomography after metrizamide myelography is heretofore undescribed in the English language neurosurgical literature.
Acute Myeloid Leukemia With Basophilic Differentiation (AML, M-2B) in a Cat

A 4-year-old, neutered male Domestic Shorthair cat with a history of depression, anorexia, and weight loss was diagnosed with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). The cat tested positive by both the feline immunodeficiency virus antibody test and feline leukemia virus enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test. Results of cytochemical stains on peripheral blood and bone marrow specimens indicated acute myeloid leukemia with unusual basophilic differentiation (AML, M-2B).
Informing tendon tissue engineering with embryonic development

Tendon is a strong connective tissue that transduces muscle-generated forces into skeletal motion. In fulfilling this role, tendons are subjected to repeated mechanical loading and high stress, which may result in injury. Tissue engineering with stem cells offers the potential to replace injured/damaged tissue with healthy, new living tissue. Critical to tendon tissue engineering is the induction and guidance of stem cells towards the tendon phenotype. Typical strategies have relied on adult tissue homeostatic and healing factors to influence stem cell differentiation, but have yet to achieve tissue regeneration. A novel paradigm is to use embryonic developmental factors as cues to promote tendon regeneration. Embryonic tendon progenitor cell differentiation in vivo is regulated by a combination of mechanical and chemical factors. We propose that these cues will guide stem cells to recapitulate critical aspects of tenogenesis and effectively direct the cells to differentiate and regenerate new tendon. Here, we review recent efforts to identify mechanical and chemical factors of embryonic tendon development to guide stem/progenitor cell differentiation toward new tendon formation, and discuss the role this work may have in the future of tendon tissue engineering.
HOPE: A Hybrid Optimistic checkpointing and selective Pessimistic mEssage logging protocol for large scale distributed systems

Future generation supercomputers will be message-passing distributed systems consisting of hundreds of thousands of processors. As the size of the system grows, failure rate increases. Hence for the success and deployability of such large scale systems, scalable checkpointing and recovery protocols need to be implemented. Existing checkpointing and rollback recovery protocols used for providing fault tolerance in distributed systems are not scalable to such large systems. In this paper, we address this important and timely issue and propose a scalable group-based Hybrid Optimistic checkpointing and selective Pessimistic mEssage logging (HOPE) protocol. Performance evaluation indicates, our protocol takes a balanced approach to lower checkpointing and message logging overhead and enhances scalability.
Lithography strategy for printing 0.35 um devices

This paper discusses two lithography strategies for printing 0.35 micrometers features: broad band deep ultraviolet (DUV) lithography using a chemically amplified resist dyed to an optical density of 0.40 per micrometers and the use of high numerical aperture (NA) i-line lithography with an advanced i-line resist. Lithographic results such as linearity, exposure and focus latitudes, reflective notching control, and post exposure bake (PEB) delay time are compared. Results on product wafers are also illustrated. Finally, experimental data is compared with PROLITH/2 simulations.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Auto-SCT improves survival in systemic light chain amyloidosis: a retrospective analysis with 14-year follow-up

Optimal treatment approach continues to remain a challenge for systemic light chain amyloidosis (AL). So far, Auto-SCT is the only modality associated with long-term survival. However, failure to show survival benefit in randomized study raises questions regarding its efficacy. We present a comparative outcome analysis of Auto-SCT to conventional therapies (CTR) in AL patients treated over a 14-year period at our institution. Out of the 145 AL amyloidosis patients, Auto-SCT was performed in 80 patients with 1-year non-relapse mortality rate of 12.5%. Novel agents were used as part of induction therapy in 56% of transplant recipients vs 46% of CTR patients. Hematological and organ responses were seen in 74.6% and 39% in the Auto-SCT arm vs 53% and 12% in the CTR arm, respectively. The projected 5-year survival for Auto-SCT vs CTR was 63% vs 38%, respectively. Landmark analysis of patients alive at 1-year after diagnosis showed improved 5-year OS of 72% with Auto-SCT vs 65% in the CTR arm. In the multivariate analysis, age <60 years, induction therapy with novel agents, kidney only involvement and Auto-SCT were associated with improved survival. In conclusion, Auto-SCT is associated with long-term survival for patients with AL amyloidosis.
The Role for Clinician Educators in Implementing Healthcare Improvement

Clinician educators—who work at the intersection of patient care and resident education—are well positioned to respond to calls for better, safer patient care and resident education. Explicit lessons that address implementing health care improvement and associated residency training came out of the Academic Chronic Care Collaboratives and include the importance of: (1) redesigning the clinical practice as a core component of the residency curriculum; (2) exploiting the efficiencies of the practice team; (3) replacing “faculty development” with “everyone’s a learner;” (4) linking faculty across learning communities to build expertise; and (5) using rigorous methodology to design and evaluate interventions for practice redesign. There has been progress in addressing three thorny academic faculty issues—professional satisfaction, promotion and publication. For example, consensus criteria have been proposed for both faculty promotion as well as the institutional settings that nurture academic health care improvement careers, and the SQUIRE Publication Guidelines have been developed as a general framework for scholarly improvement publications. Extensive curricular resources exist for developing the expert faculty cadre. Curricula from representative training programs include quantitative and qualitative research methods, statistical methodologies appropriate for measuring systems change, organizational culture, management, leadership and scholarly writing for the improvement literature. Clinician educators—particularly those in general internal medicine—bear the principal responsibility for both patient care and resident training in academic departments of internal medicine. The intersection of these activities presents a unique opportunity for their playing a central role in implementing health care improvement and associated residency training. However, this role in academic settings will require an unambiguous development strategy both for faculty and their institutions.
Laboratory and field evaluation of a combined fluid-loss-control additive and gel breaker for fracturing fluids

More than 200% increase in fracture conductivity and permeability was obtained when a new degradable fluid-loss-control additive was used in place of silica flour (SF) in 40-lbm crosslinked hydroxypropyl-guar (HPG) fracturing-fluid systems. The new additive, and organic acid particulate (OAP), slowly degraded into water-soluble monomeric units at temperatures {ge}150{degrees}F after fracture stimulation experiments. The high-acid-content degradation product then acted as an excellent HPG gel breaker and effectively cleaned the proppant packs. As a fluid-loss-control additive, the measured wall-building coefficients were as good as, or better than, those of SF in crosslinked-gel, linear-gel, and N{sub 2}-foam systems. This paper summarizes a 2-year study of the evaluation and application of this new product in fracturing-fluid systems.
Accessing proximal aspects of folds and flexures during colonoscopy: impact of a pediatric colonoscope with a short bending section

Accessing proximal aspects of folds and flexures during colonoscopy: impact of a pediatric colonoscope with a short bending section
SOME AMINO ACID SEQUENCES IN BOVINE-LIVER CATALASE.

Abstract The object of this investigation is the determination of the amino acid sequence of bovine-liver catalase (EC 1.11.1.6). Because N-terminal amino acids cannot be detected by the fluoroinitrobenzene procedure or the phenylthiohydantoin method, no information can be obtained in this way about the number of subunits or polypeptide chains in the molecule. Examination of tryptic hydrolysates has resulted in the isolation of 53 peptides of which the amino acid composition and, in many instances, the sequence have been determined. Consideration of the data leads to the conclusion that the catalase molecule of 250 000 molecular weight probably consists of four identical subunits. If this be so, each subunit should contain about 540 residues of which approximately 460 have been detected in peptides from ezymatic hydrolysates.
Comparative adsorption of adenine and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) at an aqueous solution | mercury interface

Summary The relative extent of adsorption of adenine and NAD + at the 10-μ M level from a solution of pH. 4.8 and 0.5 M ionic strength (McIIvaine buffer) has been measured as a function of potential by an inverse normal pulse polarographic technic at a dropping mercury electrode (d.m.e.). Normalization of the pulse polarographic current resulting from pre-concentration of the electroactive species through adsorption compared to the current expected for a simple diffusion-controlled electron-transfer indicates that NAD + is strongly adsorbed over a broader potential range than adenine, and that its surface concentration is slightly greater; causes for such behavior are considered. Other normalization approaches indicate NAD + to be strongly adsorbed but comparably to adenine when account is taken of the relative effective areas occupied on adsorption.