cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Regulation of Encephalitogenic T Cells with Recombinant TCR Ligands

We have previously described recombinant MHC class II beta1 and alpha1 domains loaded with free antigenic peptides with potent inhibitory activity on encephalitogenic T cells. We have now produced single-chain constructs in which the peptide Ag is genetically encoded within the same exon as the linked beta1 and alpha1 domains, overcoming the problem of displacement of peptide Ag from the peptide binding cleft. We here describe clinical effects of recombinant TCR ligands (RTLs) comprised of the rat RT1.B beta1alpha1 domains covalently linked to the 72-89 peptide of guinea pig myelin basic protein (RTL-201), to the corresponding 72-89 peptide from rat myelin basic protein (RTL-200), or to cardiac myosin peptide CM-2 (RTL-203). Only RTL-201 possessed the ability to prevent and treat active or passive experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Amelioration of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis was associated with a selective inhibition of proliferation response and cytokine production by Ag-stimulated lymph node T cells and a drastic reduction in the number of encephalitogenic and recruited inflammatory cells infiltrating the CNS. The exquisitely selective inhibition could be observed between molecules that differ by a single methyl group (the single amino acid residue difference between RTL-200 (threonine) and RTL-201 (serine) at position 80 of the myelin basic protein peptide). These novel RTLs provide a platform for developing potent and selective human diagnostic and therapeutic agents for treatment of autoimmune disease.
Negative affect: The dark side of retailing

Abstract Shoppers in a negative mood state constitute a major market, some 10% of the population. Such shoppers are difficult to understand due to their conflicting motivations. These motivations influence shopper behavior, making it hard for those in a negative mood state to participate in the purchase process. To understand this difficult market segment, data from the 1996 Yankelovitch market research study of 4000 consumers were analyzed. The analysis shows that negative affect reduces shoppers' desire to search, to exert themselves, to make long-term plans. Shoppers who feel bad want “feel-good” purchases and are surprisingly interested in trying new products and new activities. These results suggest how retailers can better reach and satisfy those in this important market segment.
The Creative Society - and the Price Americans Paid for It

The Creative Society is the first history to look at modern America through the eyes of its emerging ranks of professional experts, including lawyers, scientists, doctors, administrators, business managers, teachers, policy specialists and urban planners. Covering the period from the 1890s to the early twenty-first century, Louis Galambos examines the history that shaped professionals and, in turn, their role in shaping modern America. He considers the roles of education, anti-Semitism, racism and elitism in shaping and defining the professional cadre and examines how matters of gender, race and ethnicity determined whether women, African Americans and immigrants from Europe, Asia, Latin America and the Middle East were admitted to the professional ranks. He also discusses the role professionals played in urbanizing the United States, keeping the economy efficient and innovative, showing the government how to provide a greater measure of security and equity, and guiding the world's leading industrial power in coping with its complex, frequently dangerous foreign relations.
Coupling, Parenting, and the Presence of Others: Intimate Relationships in Communal Households.

This paper considers the nature of couple and parent-child relationships when family space is public rather than private, and others are present as audiences, claimants on the intimate territory, and sources of alternative ties. Research on 35 urban communal households found an initial shift in the locus of social control when intimate relationships are conducted in the presence of "others. " Couples experience pressures toward individuation, autonomy, and egalitarianism, and a loss of sovereignty. Parents experience diminishing rulemaking and enforcing abilities and increased self-consciousness along with child care help. Children agedfive to eleven are the recipients of increased rule making by a large circle of adults.
Some Recollections of Experiences Associated with Cosmic-Ray Investigations

By 1930 a few investigators had begun to make continuous registrations of cosmic-ray intensity, using ionization chambers. Studies of any observed variations were naturally expected to provide some clue about the source of cosmic-rays.
Print I: a proposed system for the IBM type 705

The Print I (PRe-edited INTerpretive) system has been designed to meet the engineering and scientific computing needs of those Type 705 installations where such work is a secondary computing requirement. It is specifically tailored for this purpose and in general has no similarities to Type 705 systems designed for business and commercial applications. Although provision is made to move freely from abstraction to 705 commands and back, it is not recommended that PRINT I be tied to any business system for the reason that the restrictions of one type of usage will too often hamper the other.
Exact expressions for the first two moments of job flow time in a job shop

This paper presents analytical expressions for the moments of job flow time in a job shop by computing the moments of a random number of random variables assuming that the job shop satisfies the sufficient conditions of the Jackson decomposition principle. The mathematical equivalence of the proposed method to the Laplace transform method is shown and then demonstrated in a simple example. Then, expressions for the moments of job flow time in more realistic (and more complex) job shop settings are derived by computing the moments of a random number of random variables, provided that expressions for the moments of job flow time are available for the corresponding single stage shop. It is shown that the analytical expressions developed are exact as long as the assumptions of the Jackson decomposition principle hold. Any violation of these assumptions makes the derived expressions approximations, and their accuracy should be tested by simulation.
Bioaccumulation of 14C60 by the Earthworm Eisenia fetida

Carbon fullerenes, including buckminsterfullerene (C60), are increasingly available for numerous applications, thus increasing the likelihood of environmental release. This calls for information about their bioavailability and bioaccumulation potential. In this study, 14C-labeled C60 and 14C-phenanthrene (positive control) were added separately to soils of varying composition and organic carbon content (OC), and their bioaccumulation in the earthworm Eisenia fetida was compared. Biota-sediment accumulation factors (BSAF) were measured after 24 h depuration in soils with high C60 dosages (60, 100, and 300 mg-C60 kg−1 dry soil), which exceed the soil sorption capacity, as well as in soils with a low C60 dose (0.25 mg kg−1) conducive to a high fraction of sorbed molecular C60. The BSAF value for the low-dose soil (0.427) was 1 order of magnitude lower than for less hydrophobic phenanthrene (7.93), inconsistent with the equilibrium partition theory that suggests that BSAF should be constant and independent of...
MO-B-M100F-01: Proton Therapy

The clinical advantages of protonbeams have become widely recognized and there has recently been a significant increase in interest for building additional proton therapy facilities. There are currently over 25 institutions worldwide treating patients with protonbeams and over 50,000 patients have been treated. There are at least 25 new facilities in various stages of planning and building. However, the fraction of patients treated with protons each year remains extremely small compared to the total number of cancer patients treated with external beamphotons and electrons. The advantage of protonbeams lies primarily in their excellent dose localization as compared to that which can be achieved using photonbeams. Due to the Bragg peak characteristic in the depth dose of protonbeams, the integral dose from proton therapy is significantly less that that for photontreatments. This allows higher doses to be delivered to target volumes, resulting in increased rates of local control, and lower doses delivered to critical normal tissues, resulting in decreased rates of treatment‐related morbidity. There are many challenges associated with increasing the accessibility of proton therapy not the least of which is the very limited number of clinical staff with knowledge of and training in proton therapy. The aim of the present Continuing Education Course is to provide a basic understanding of the rationale for proton therapy,physics of protonbeams, technology of protonbeam acceleration and transport,delivery of protontreatments,protontreatment planning and clinical results of proton therapy. Educational Objectives: Understanding of 1. the physical characteristics of protonbeams and interactions in tissues. 2. the beam production and treatmentdelivery technology for protonbeams. 3. the clinical commissioning of proton therapybeams. 4. the basic principles of protontreatment planning. 5. the clinical results for proton therapy.
Modeled Impact of Anthropogenic Warming on the Frequency of Intense Atlantic Hurricanes

Several recent models suggest that the frequency of Atlantic tropical cyclones could decrease as the climate warms. However, these models are unable to reproduce storms of category 3 or higher intensity. We explored the influence of future global warming on Atlantic hurricanes with a downscaling strategy by using an operational hurricane-prediction model that produces a realistic distribution of intense hurricane activity for present-day conditions. The model projects nearly a doubling of the frequency of category 4 and 5 storms by the end of the 21st century, despite a decrease in the overall frequency of tropical cyclones, when the downscaling is based on the ensemble mean of 18 global climate-change projections. The largest increase is projected to occur in the Western Atlantic, north of 20°N.
Freshwater in flux

A surprising fraction of Earth's element cycling takes place in inland waters. Jonathan Cole suggests that interactions between these water bodies and the terrestrial biosphere are more extensive and interesting than previously thought.
Protection of mice with vaccinia virus recombinants that express the rabies nucleoprotein.

Abstract The role of rabies virus nucleoprotein (N) in protection against rabies was examined with recombinant vaccinia viruses expressing the N of the Challenge Virus Standard strain. Two chimeric plasmids were constructed with the open reading frame of the N gene placed downstream of the vaccinia P7.5 promoter (early/late class) or the vaccinia P11 promoter (late class), with each expression cassette flanked by vaccinia thymidine kinase (TK) sequences to enable marker rescue by TK insertional inactivation. Two recombinants were isolated that expressed the rabies N in infected cells as determined by radioimmunoprecipitation and immunofluoresence microscopy with an anti-N monoclonal antibody. Two groups of 25 ICR mice inoculated intradermally with the recombinants and challenged with 75 MFPLD50 of street rabies virus showed high survival ratios ( 22 25 and 21 25 ). Intramuscular inoculation, however, was not protective against 25 MFPLD50. The intradermally vaccinated mice developed non-neutralizing antibodies against rabies N.
Purpuric oral and cutaneous lesions in a case of drug-induced thrombocytopenia.

The cause of purpuric oral and cutaneous lesions was discovered when a careful drug history was taken.
The incremental validity of the Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Battery in predicting achievement for learning-disabled children.

This study examined the incremental validity of the Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Battery for older children (HRNB) over the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised in predicting scor...
Balancing innocence and guilt: A metaphorical analysis of the US supreme court’s rulings on victim impact statements

This paper examines the generative metaphor of the balanced scales of justice in the US Supreme Court’s three rulings on the constitutionality of victim impact statements (VIS). The analysis argues that balancing the rights of defendants against the rights of victims risks unfair treatment for both—a result that is obscured by the metaphor in the Court’s opinions. The paper identifies the liabilities of metaphorical reasoning in US Supreme Court rhetoric on victim impact statements and illustrates that metaphor is a necessary tool for critiquing those liabilities.
Simulated situations in group psychotherapy training revisited

A simulated group training model serves as the modality which best captures a balance of didactic and experiential elements, en vivo supervision and consultation, working with the trainees' most difficult clients in a therapeutic group. Limitations of this approach can be most appropriately addressed by personal psychotherapy outside of the training program.
Finding a most likely clone ordering from oligonucleotide hybridization data

Using an extension of a statistical model given by E. Lander and M. Waterman, we define the a posteriori probability of a clone ordering based upon oligonucleotide hybridization data. We give algorithms for computing the likelihood of a clone ordering and for finding a clone ordering of maximum likelihood. The dynamic programming algorithm for computing likelihoods runs in time O(mnc), where m is the number of oligonucleotide probes, n is the number of clones, and c is the coverage of the clone library. We use the Expectation-Maximization technique to maximize likelihoods.
Low-temperature epitaxial growth of thin metal films

We present a different mechanism to explain the occurrence of long-lived oscillations in diffraction spot intensities during epitaxial growth of metal films on fcc (100) substrates at low temperature. Rather than rely on the common picture of cyclical nucleation and growth to produce the oscillations, the model invokes ``downward funneling'' deposition dynamics to fourfold-hollow adsorption sites.
Evidence for non-cysteinyl coordination of the [2Fe-2S] cluster in Escherichia coli succinate dehydrogenase

The consequences of replacing Cys65 in the FrdB subunit of Escherichia coli fumarate reductase by Asp or Ala have been investigated in terms of bacterial growth, enzymatic activity, and the EPR/redox properties of the [2Fe-2S] cluster. An aspartic acid residue occupies the equivalent position in E. coli succinate dehydrogenase, and the FrdBCys65Asp mutation has little effect on cell growth, enzyme activity or the physical properties of the Frd [2Fe-2S] cluster. In contrast, the [2Fe-2S] cluster was not observed in the FrdBCys65Ala mutant showing that a coordinating residue is required at this position for assembly of this cluster and significant levels or enzymatic activity. These results support the presence of one non-cysteinyl, oxygenic ligand for the [2Fe-2S] cluster in E. coli succinate dehydrogenase.
Measurement and analysis of complex modulated motions in a weakly nonlinear system

Abstract The two-timing dynamics of a forced, weakly nonlinear system are considered. Experimental results on a roll-forced spherical pendulum verify the occurrence of slow-time, subharmonically and chaotically modulated oscillations in a frequency band near resonance; the modulatory behavior follows the occurrence of a Hopf bifurcation in the slow-time coordinates. A phase-sensitive detection method for experimentally isolating the slow-time behavior is described. A Lagrangian model for the pendulum is developed, and slow-time equations are presented. A two-thirds power scalling law relating roll angle to the appearance of the modulations is derived from the slow-time equations and tested with experimental results.
Quantitative determination of deuterium in laser fusion targets by inverse raman spectroscopy

Quantitative measurements of deuterium partial pressures in laser fusion targets are made by inverse Raman spectroscopy. Attenuation of atmospheric nitrogen inverse Raman signals is used for standardization of the system. This technique allows calibration curves to be made with long path gas cells. The measurements are accurate to ±20%.
Optical Preparation of Aligned Reagents

for it caused chemists not only to study the rates of reactions in the bulk with increasing interest but to attempt to relate them to the dynamics of individual reactive encounters There are several properties of the London potential for H, which are worth noting. First, the H, potential surface has
A climatology, synoptic assessment, and thermodynamic evaluation for cloud-to-ground lightning in Georgia: a study for the 1996 Summer Olympics

Abstract A lightning climatology within 50 km of nine outdoor venue locations for the 1996 Summer Olympics has been produced. Spatial and temporal patterns were analyzed for July and August from 1986 through 1993. Unusually active and inactive lightning days were isolated, and thermodynamic variables examined. At the inland sites, no pattern was found in the spatial distribution of cloud-to-ground lightning; that is, the lightning locations were random. At the one coastal site, Savannah, an inland maximum in ground flash density was observed. Although there was great day-to-day variability, there was a diurnal progression of lightning with a broad minimum from 0600 to 1400 UTC and a sharp maximum near 2200 UTC. Composite synoptic charts were produced for eight selected active days and eight selected inactive days. At the 500-hPa level the composite dewpoint depression in central Georgia was approximately 8°C less on active days than on inactive days. At the 850-hPa level the vector-averaged wind fields on...
Testing abstract distributed programs and their implementations: a constraint-based approach

Abstract An abstract program is a formal specification that models the valid behavior of a concurrent program without describing particular implementation mechanisms that achieve this behavior. Valid behavior can be modeled as the possible sequences of events that may be observed of a conforming concrete implementation of the abstract program. In this article, we address the problem of how to select event sequences from an abstract program to test its concrete implementation. Sequencing constraints make explicit certain types of required properties that are expressed only implicitly by the abstract program itself. The sequencing constraints derived from an abstract program can be used to guide the selection of event sequences during testing: sequences are selected to check the implementation for conformance to the required properties. We describe a constraint notation called CSPE and formally define CSPE constraints in the propositional modal μ-calculus. CSPE constraints can be automatically derived from abstract CCS and Lotos programs, and test sequences can be generated to cover the constraints. We describe a test sequence generation tool that can be used to partially automate this process. The test sequence generator inputs an abstract program and a list of constraints, and outputs a list of test sequences. The test sequence generator was used in an experiment to measure the effectiveness of the test sequences. We created mutations of a nontrivial concurrent Ada program in order to determine the mutation adequacy of a set of test sequences generated from an abstract program. The abstract program was a specification of the Sliding Window Protocol. The results of the experiment are reported.
Trauma and substance misuse: critical considerations in understanding the maelstrom.

Research has established that a relationship between trauma and substance use disorders (SUDs) exists. The nature of the relationship and its dimensions are not well understood. Nevertheless, it is...
The cusp as a source of magnetospheric particles

Abstract Observations made by the Polar satellite have shown that plasma of solar wind/magnetosheath origin is rammed into the high altitude polar cusp creating a diamagnetic cavity of large dimensions. The Earth’s dipole field can be excluded from this region in a turbulent manner with the magnitude of the field strength reaching close to zero nT at times. At such times energetic particles are produced in this region in intensities which exceed those measured in the trapping regions of the magnetosphere beyond L =6.5. These particles can then flow back out of the cusp along field lines that form the magnetopause. A fraction of these particles can enter the magnetosphere along the magnetopause on the dusk and dawn flanks. Due to existing gradients in the geomagnetic field, cusp accelerated ions can enter the magnetosphere along the dawn flank and electrons along the dusk flank. For those particles entering near the geomagnetic equatorial plane with pitch angles close to ninety degrees, they will drift along contours of constant magnetic field strength reaching deep into the nightside inner magnetosphere. From observations made by the Polar, ATS-6, and ISEE satellites it is argued that this cusp source appears to be capable of providing energetic ions to the magnetosphere and possibly energetic electrons which form the source population of the subsequent radial diffusion and formation of the radiation belts.
Resetting of RbSr ages of volcanic rocks by low-grade burial metamorphism

Abstract We report a nine-point RbSr whole-rock isochron age of 70±3 Ma (MSWD 3.97) for Mid-Jurassic volcanic rocks. The same rocks have also been dated by the UThPb method on zircon, giving a crystallization age of 166 ± 11 Ma, over twice as old as the RbSr age. The data demonstrate that whole-rock RbSr ages of volcanic rocks, even lava flows with SiO2 content as low as 57 wt.%, are susceptible to complete resetting. The rocks range in composition from rhyodacite tuffs to andesite lavas. The complete breakdown of all major minerals that contain Rb and Sr resulted in an alteration mineral assemblage consisting of phengite, albite, secondary quartz, and minor amounts of chlorite and epidote. Phengite is the K-bearing product of the breakdown of biotite and K-feldspar. Pressure during low-grade metamorphism of the volcanic rocks, estimated from phengite composition to have been in the range of 4 to 6 kbar, points to thrust-related burial as the main cause of resetting. Consequently, such reset isochrons may date large-scale events such as regional thrusting and metamorphism. The coherent resetting of the RbSr isochron suggests large-scale pervasive fluid movement during thrust-related burial metamorphism.
Metabolism of branched-chain fatty acids in Tetrahymena pyriformis W.

Abstract Cultures of Tetrahymena pyriformis W were supplemented with the branched short-chain acids, isobutyrate and α -methyl- n -butyrate. Growth inhibition occurred which was directly related to the concentration of the supplement. Growth of the cells with isobutyrate resulted in an enhancement in the levels of even iso and normal fatty acids, a decrease in odd iso fatty acids, and an elevation in fatty acids less than 18 carbons in chain length. The data indicate a reduction in overall cellular branched-chain synthesis. Polyunsaturated, long-chain iso acids were not detected. Addition of α -methyl- n -butyrate led to minimal incorporation (2%) of saturated long-chain anteiso fatty acids and to a marked increase in odd normal acids at the expense of odd iso and even normal acids in the glycerophospholipids and in neutral lipids. An elevation of odd normal α-hydroxy acids in the sphingolipids was observed. The metabolism of α -methyl- n -butyrate to propionyl-CoA which serves as a primer for odd normal acids would account for the observed changes. Unsaturated anteiso components were not detected. Enhancement of the amount of anteiso acids occurred when the cells were grown at low temperature with α -methyl- n -butyrate. Long-chain anteiso acids (C 15 , C 17 and C 19 ) were incorporated extensively into the glycerophospholipids at the expense of odd iso , odd normal and even normal acids. Anteiso unsaturates were not detected. Elongation of 15 : 0( ai ) and 17 : 0(ai) occurred. Retroconversion of 17 : 0(af) and 19 : 0(ai) was observed. Growth with 17 : 0( ai ) and 19 : 0( ai ) but not 15 : 0( ai ) led to the appearance of 19 : 0( ai , α-OH) in the sphingolipid fraction. The fact that addition of these long-chain anteiso saturates led to an enhanced incorporation into the glycerophospholipids compared to supplementation with α -methyl- n -butyrate indicates that a defect in the synthesis of long-chain acids occurs and that acyltransferase activity is not limiting in anteiso acid incorporation. A proposal is made to account for the low levels of unsaturated even iso acids and the lack of unsaturated anteiso acids based on Δ 9 desaturase specificity toward carbon chain length and the position of the methyl substituent in the fatty acid.
Ultrastructural comparison of ion beam and radiofrequency plasma etching effects on biological tissue sections

SUMMARY Three dry etching techniques (Ar+ ion beam, O2+ ion beam, O2 radiofrequency electrodeless discharge) were compared with respect to preferential etching and damage to the ultrastructure of glutaraldehyde-fixed Epon-embedded frog skeletal muscle sections. SEM and TEM studies were performed on both unstained and stained (osmium tetroxide, uranyl acetate) sections. Etching effects were observed to differ for the various ion beam or plasma etching techniques. Whereas selective retention of electron dense structures (e.g. Z lines, nuclear heterochromatin) was observed for oxygen plasma etching, preferential etching of these components was observed using O2+ ion beam bombardment. Selectively etched Z lines and etch-resistant nucleoli were observed for both reactive (O2+) and inert (Ar+) ion beam sputtering after sufficiently high ion doses. The above suggest that selective etching under keV ion beam irradiation is related more to physical sputtering processes (momentum transfer) than to the chemical reactivity of the incident ion. Heavy metal post-fixation and staining had no qualitative effect on the nature of the selective etching phenomena. The above findings are significant in that they potentially influence both electron and ion microprobe measurements of etched biological specimens.
The metastatic niche: adapting the foreign soil

The 'seed and soil' hypothesis for metastasis sets forth the concept that a conducive microenvironment, or niche, is required for disseminating tumour cells to engraft distant sites. This Opinion presents emerging data that support this concept and outlines the potential mechanism and temporal sequence by which changes occur in tissues distant from the primary tumour. To enable improvements in the prognosis of advanced malignancy, early interventions that target both the disseminating seed and the metastatic soil are likely to be required.
Extinctions, traits and phylogenetic community structure: insights from primate assemblages in Madagascar

Understanding the origin and maintenance of community composition through ecological and evolutionary time has been a central challenge in ecology. However little is known about how extinction may alter patterns of phylogenetic and phenotypic structure within communities. To address this, we used past and present primate communities in Madagascar as our model system to explore how a large extinction event within a taxon may alter evolutionary relationships and phenotypic distributions within communities. We also explored the influence of environment on the structure of present-day lemur communities. We found a phylogenetic pattern of overdispersion in both past and present-day communities. However, trait structures, including relative dispersion of body masses and trophic niches were altered following extinction. We posit that the overdispersed phylogenetic patterns have resulted from the unique ecological and evolutionary history of Madagascar's primates including a rapid adaptive radiation in the presence of a broad niche-space available during colonization. Differences in trait structures between present and past primate communities may be reflective of the selective extinction process that eliminated the largest primates from the island. Habitat also appeared to influence the structure of present-day lemur communities. Lower divergence in patterns of phylogeny, body mass and activity rhythms were found in dry relative to wet habitats. This may be due to potential advantages of being small and nocturnal in environments with low productivity and hot dry climates. We suggest current studies exploring community processes should consider potential effects of past extinction events. Such work is important for understanding community assembly, coexistence, and mechanisms driving extinctions, particularly given the current extinction crisis facing ecosystems globally.
The uncertainties of space and time

be ~tke to think that the ~Irouncl under our feet is solid and perfectly rigid; but tile ! ; a r t h ' s Otlt{ar s h e l l a c t u a l l y s l i p s a r o u , d w i t h r o s p e e t t o i t s r o t a t i o n a x i s . T i / i s a x S s move's nrnund inside the Earth, causilqg tile North Pole to move ]n a circle that is about 7]() feet (or about 9 meter~) in radi,ls. Thig discovery was made hy an amateur astronomer, Seth Carlo Chandler, while di[[gentfy measnrin}~ the astronomical latitude ;It Camhridg,~, Hassachusetts. (The astronomical latitude is tile eomplelnen[ of the an}lie between the Earth's rotation axis and the local vertical or tile aaF, ie between t i l e local horizou and tile average position of the Pole S t a r . )
Modeling Chain Folding in Protein-Constrained Circular DNA

An efficient method for sampling equilibrium configurations of DNA chains binding one or more DNA-bending proteins is presented. The technique is applied to obtain the tertiary structures of minimal bending energy for a selection of dinucleosomal minichromosomes that differ in degree of protein-DNA interaction, protein spacing along the DNA chain contour, and ring size. The protein-bound portions of the DNA chains are represented by tight, left-handed supercoils of fixed geometry. The protein-free regions are modeled individually as elastic rods. For each random spatial arrangement of the two nucleosomes assumed during a stochastic search for the global minimum, the paths of the flexible connecting DNA segments are determined through a numerical solution of the equations of equilibrium for torsionally relaxed elastic rods. The minimal energy forms reveal how protein binding and spacing and plasmid size differentially affect folding and offer new insights into experimental minichromosome systems.
Time-sharing in the IBM system/360: model 67

The basic architecture of the IBM System/360 makes it well suited to processing in a multiprogramming and multiprocessing environment. The Model 67 extends this basic architecture to provide the additional capabilities of an advanced time-sharing system.
Clinical and Molecular Studies of a Thyrotropin-Secreting Pituitary Adenoma

A 40-year-old woman, who had previously received radioactive iodine for hyperthyroidism, presumably due to Graves’ disease, subsequently was found to have inappropriately elevated serum TSH and α-subunit levels and a pituitary adenoma. Detailed clinical studies revealed marked serum TSH elevations (∼100 mU/L) with no circadian variation, but with 7 pulses/24 h. Serum α-subunit levels averaged 2.5 μg/L, with 13 pulses/24 h. Neither serum TSH nor α-subunit responded to TRH stimulation, nor did serum TSH change during dopamine infusion, but α-subunit levels did decline slightly. In contrast, during somatostatin infusion, serum TSH declined to 30% of baseline levels, while α-subunit levels did not change. Pituitary adenoma tissue obtained at the time of transsphenoidal surgery immunostained weakly with anti-TSHβ serum and strongly with anti-α-subunit serum. Northern blot analysis of RNA isolated from the tumor revealed TSHβ and α-subunit mRNA levels of normal length, while primer extension analysis showed a m...
Seasonal changes in the silicon cycle within a Gulf Stream warm-core ring

The silicon cycle within Gulf Stream warm-core ring 82-B was examined before and after spring stratification using silicon isotope tracers. In April, prior to stratification, the ring was isothermal and isohaline to 400 m. Ambient silicic acid concentrations were ca 3 μmol l−1 and biogenic silica concentrations ranged from 80 to 100 nmol l−1 throughout this depth range. Specific production rates tended to be greatest at the surface and were vertically uniform below 20 m. Net silica production occurred from the surface to 300 m on 25 April, about three times deeper than has been observed before in the sea. The zone of net production shoaled to 4 times the 1% light depth, indicating that the diatom assemblage was producing substantial amounts of silica at depths where little or no photosynthesis was taking place. By June, a seasonal pycnocline had developed and silicic acid concentrations were depleted to ⩽0.2 μmol l−1 in the upper 20–30 m. Vertically integrated particulate silica concentrations in the upper 80 m had increased four-fold compared to those for the upper 110 m in April/May. Siliceous biomass was concentrated in the upper 40 m, with a subsurface maximum of ca 1000 nmol Si l−1 within the seasonal pycnocline. The upper 80 m remained a zone of net silica production, but net dissolution was occurring at all depths >100 m. The average specific production rate of biogenic silica (0.0098 h−1) was five times less than observed during April/May (0.041 h−1), suggesting slower diatom division rates in the stratified water column. The decrease in specific production rates following stratification was nearly offset by the increased particulate silica levels such that the vertically integrated production rate of biogenic silica for the upper 80 m was essentially unchanged from that observed for the upper 110 m during April/May. The percentage of silica production that could be supported by in situ dissolution increased from ⩽30% for the upper 110 m during April/May to 68% for the upper 80 m in June. This transition from a “new production” cycle to a “regenerated production” cycle is the first observation of a seasonal trend in the silicon cycle in the surface ocean. Furthermore, while net silica production occurred throughout the upper 110–300 m in April, net silica production in June was confined to the relatively nutrient-rich waters below seasonal pycnocline, wih a near balance between silica production and dissolution in the oligotrophic watersabove (average production:dissolution = 1.03). These changes in the production:dissolution ratio and the increased reliance on new nutrients with depth imply that the cycling of particulate silica in June fit a two-layer model of stratified oceanic systems where nearly complete and rapid recycling of materials occurs within a nutrient-poor surface layer with a zone of net production below.
Studies on the biosynthesis of glucolipid in Tetrahymena pyriformis

Abstract 1. 1. Cell-free preparations from the protozoan Tetrahymena pyriformis rapidly convert glucose from UDP[14C]glucose into a chloroform-soluble form. 2. 2. The reaction has been shown to require UDPglucose and Mg2+ in addition to the enzyme and is reversed in the presence of an excess of U DP but not UMP or other nucleoside diphosphates. 3. 3. Only one radioactive glucolipid has been shown to be formed under our conditions. This compound is stable to mild alkaline hydrolysis, but dilute-acid hydrolysis rapidly releases free glucose. 4. 4. Sufficient material has not been obtained to permit the characterization of the lipid moiety, but the chemical and physical properties provide indirect evidence that the compound is probably a glucosyl-phosphoryl polyprenol of the type which are active as intermediates in glycosylation reactions.
Control strategies for electric vehicle (EV) charging using renewables and local storage

The increase of electric vehicle (EV) and plug-in hybrid-electric vehicle (PHEV) adoption creates a need for more EV supply equipment (EVSE) infrastructure (i.e., EV chargers). The impact of EVSE installations could be significant due to limitations in the electric grid and potential demand charges for residential and commercial customers. The use of renewables (e.g., solar) and local storage (e.g., battery bank) can mitigate loads caused by EVSE on the electric grid. This would eliminate costly upgrades needed by utilities and decrease demand charges for consumers. This paper aims to explore control systems that mitigate the impact of EVSE on the electric grid using solar energy and battery banks. Three control systems are investigated and compared in this study. The first control system discharges the battery bank at a constant rate during specific times of the day based on historical data. The second discharges the battery bank based on the number of EVs charging (linear) and the amount of solar energy being generated. The third discharges the battery bank based on a sigmoid function (non-linear) in response to the number of EVs charging, and also takes into consideration the amount of renewables being generated. The first and second control systems recharge the battery bank at night when demand is lowest. The third recharges the battery bank at night and during times of the day when there is an excess of solar. Experiments are conducted using data from a private site that has 25 solar-assisted charging stations at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) in Oak Ridge, TN and 4 at a public site in Nashville, TN. Results indicate the third control system having better performance, negating up to 71% of EVSE load, compared with the second control system (up to 61%) and the first control system (up to 58%).
Basel Core Principles and Bank Risk: Does Compliance Matter?

This paper studies whether compliance with the Basel Core Principles for effective banking supervision (BCPs) is associated with bank soundness. Using data for over 3,000 banks in 86countries, we find that neither the overall index of BCP compliance nor its individual components are robustly associated with bank risk measured by Z-scores. We also fail to find a relationship between BCP compliance and systemic risk measured by a system-wide Zscore.
Modification of spleen cell subsets by chronic cocaine administration and murine retrovirus infection in normal and protein-malnourished mice

Abstract We have developed an experimental mouse model to study the effect of daily cocaine administration on the immune system during an acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Mice were infected with LP-BM5 murine leukemia virus, a retrovirus which causes immunosuppression with the development of functional murine AIDS. Increasing doses of cocaine given by daily intraperitoneal injection for 11 weeks reduced body weight. A daily cocaine injection in some mice as well as a saline injection in others showed a decrease in the percentage of Thy 1.2 + , CD4 + and CD8 + cells, while both treatments increased the percentage and absolute numbers of B-cells per spleen. Saline and cocaine treatment induced an increase in γ-IFN and TNF-α production by splenocytes. Cocaine treatment favored a decrease in sIL-2R secretion. Saline and cocaine treatment had slightly different effects on the splenocytes of protein-malnourished mice. Cocaine treatment induced an increase in the percentage of CD8 + cells. Saline and cocaine treatments decreased the number of Mac 1 + cells in the spleen. Moreover, saline- and cocaine-treated protein-malnourished mice splenocytes did not present the increase in γ-IFN production as well-nourished mice splenocytes showed. Retrovirus-infected mice showed a decrease in the percentage of Thy 1.2 + and CD8 + cells and an increase in the percentage and absolute numbers of CD4 + , IL-2R + , Mac 1 + and B-cells. Cocaine partially prevented the enlargement of lymphoid organs due to lymphoid cell proliferation induced by murine retrovirus infection, but had little effect on the elevated percentage of CD4 + cells or B-cells or the depressed numbers of CD8 + cells associated with virus infection. However, cocaine did reduce the number of activated IL-2R + cells and macrophages (Mac 1 + ) in addition to reducing the total number of cells per spleen in all subsets in retrovirus-infected mice, but not in uninfected controls. Cocaine treatment and retrovirus infection alone or in combination suppressed the release of sIL-2R into supernatant fluid during in vitro culture of splenocytes. These data illustrate that cocaine treatment modulates cell proliferation in retrovirus-infected mice and thus modifies the absolute number of cells in those subsets already altered by retrovirus infection. Retrovirus-infected and retrovirus-infected cocaine-treated protein-malnourished mice showed similar results.
Lysosomotropic acid ceramidase inhibitor induces apoptosis in prostate cancer cells.

Purpose Alterations in ceramide metabolism have been reported in prostate cancer (PCa), resulting in escape of cancer cells from ceramide-induced apoptosis. Specifically, increased expression of lysosomal acid ceramidase (AC) has been shown in some primary PCa tissues and in several PCa cell lines. To determine if this represents a novel therapeutic target, we designed and synthesized LCL204, a lysosomotropic analog of B13, a previously reported inhibitor of AC
On the relation between tourism and trade: A network experiment

Current literature on world global trade and tourism indicates these two areas are related and may influence each other. This study investigates the relationship between international tourism and international trade flows using an approach based on network sciences. In this paper, bilateral trade-exports data and inbound tourist arrival data were modeled as weighted directed networks and then analyzed for possible common properties. The empirical results show strong weighted degree correlation and strong PageRank correlation between trade and tourism networks. This paper shows the relationship using metrics derived from network sciences.
Magnetic-field-induced transition: from an Anderson insulator to a quantum Hall conductor

We report the first experimental observation of a magnetic-field induced transition from an Anderson insulator to a quantum Hall conductor in a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) system. With sufficiently strong disorder, the 2DEG is an Anderson insulator with a divergent resistance at B=0. The 2DEG is transformed into a quantum Hall conductor when the lowest Landau level is filled. This magnetic-field-induced delocalization is consistent with a recently proposed global phase diagram for the quantum Hall effect
The Inverse Commutant Lifting Problem. II: Hellinger Functional-Model Spaces

In this second part of the paper (Ball and Kheifets in Integral Equ Oper Theory 70(1):17–62, 2011) we further develop the ideas in Kheifets (Operator theory and interpolation, vol OT 115. Birkhauser, Basel, pp 213–233, 2000; Interpolation theory, systems theory and related topics, vol OT 134. Birkhauser, Basel, pp 287–317, 2002) to obtain a more concrete function-theoretic form of Theorem 8.4 of the first part in terms of Hellinger model space (Theorems 3.3, 4.3 below). This leads to generalizations of classical results of Arov and to characterizations of the coefficient matrix-measures of the lifting problem in terms of the density properties of the corresponding model spaces. In Sect. 5 we apply our results to the classical Nehari problem.
Surface chemistry of Pu oxides

Abstract X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to examine the surface chemistry of a variety of Pu(IV) compounds, including PuO2 and Pu(OH)4. The Pu 4f, O 1s and C 1s binding energy regions were line shape fit to unequivocally demonstrate that multiple species are present. Surface hydroxyls were ubiquitous in all PuO2 samples exposed to H2O vapor or ambient air, and persisted with heating to 590 °C. Active surface sites for the reaction of H2O and other small molecules and spectral features consistent with pure stoichiometric PuO2 can be regenerated by thermal energy or by effects of a radiation field. Evidence of higher valence Pu species was observed in some treated samples with the formula PuO2+x.
Immunoglobulin-Positive Cells: Their Appearance in the Mixed Lymphocyte Reaction

In mixed lymphocyte cultures prepared with thoracic duct lymphocytes from allogeneic rats, approximately 20 percent of all blast cells that appeared at the end of 72 hours of incubation had surface receptors for rabbit antibody to rat immunoglobulin.
The ascorbate oxidase activity of Chelex treated ceruloplasmin.

Abstract Chelex treated CP has been shown to have ascorbate oxidase activity. The reaction catalyzed is at least many hundred times that predicted from a stoichiometric reaction between ascorbate and the Cu(II) of CP. The CP catalyzed oxidation of ascorbate is not affected by bovine serum albumin and Neocuproine, both of which completely inhibit the Cu(II) catalyzed reaction. Numerous significant kinetic differences have also been observed between the ceruloplasmin and Cu(II) catalyzed reactions.
Deglycosylation of a native, protease-sensitive glycoprotein by peptide N-glycosidase F without protease inhibitors.

Abstract The glycoprotein fibrinogen was deglycosylated in its native state and in the absence of protease inhibitors by peptide N -glycosidase F following removal of protease contaminants from the enzyme by HPLC. Fibrinogen is sensitive both to proteolysis by contaminants which may constitute as little as 0.2% of the enzyme protein and to denaturation by 1,10- o -phenanthroline, the only substance known to inhibit the proteolysis. Thus removal of protease contaminants from the enzyme is a prerequisite for the deglycosylation of native fibrinogen. The starting material for the present method is the final material obtained from the purification described by A. L. Tarentino, C. M. Gomez, and T. H. Plummer (1985, Biochemistry , 24 , 4565). Three sequential passages over a PolyCAT A (20 × .46 cm) cation-exchange column and elutions with a linear gradient of NaCl from 0 to 0.4 m were necessary to completely overcome the tenacious but noncovalent association of peptide N -glycosidase F with contaminants that proteolyze fibrinogen. All three chromatographic runs could be completed in 1 day. Using this “protease-free” enzyme at up to a 1:20 molar ratio, fibrinogen that is completely deglycosylated and native has been generated in order to determine the role of the carbohydrate moieties in its function.
Evidence Evaluation for Bayesian Neural Networks Using Contour Monte Carlo

Bayesian neural networks play an increasingly important role in modeling and predicting nonlinear phenomena in scientific computing. In this article, we propose to use the contour Monte Carlo algorithm to evaluate evidence for Bayesian neural networks. In the new method, the evidence is dynamically learned for each of the models. Our numerical results show that the new method works well for both the regression and classification multilayer perceptrons. It often leads to an improved estimate, in terms of overall accuracy, for the evidence of multiple MLPs in comparison with the reversible-jump Markov chain Monte Carlo method and the gaussian approximation method. For the simulated data, it can identify the true models, and for the real data, it can produce results consistent with those published in the literature.