cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comorbid mental disorders among adults in the mental health surveillance survey.

Abstract Purpose To examine the prevalence and correlates of mental disorder comorbidity in the adult U.S. household population. Methods Data are from a nationally representative sample of noninstitutionalized, civilian adults aged 18 years or older (n = 5653) who participated in the 2008–2012 Mental Health Surveillance Study. Mental disorders, including substance use disorders, were assessed by clinical interviewers using a semistructured diagnostic instrument. Analyses examined co-occurrence of mental disorders and associations with sociodemographic, functional impairment, and treatment correlates. Results Approximately one-third of adults (31.1%, or more than 15 million) with a past-year mental disorder had a co-occurring mental disorder. Correlates of comorbidity in adjusted models included being of young age, being of non-Hispanic white race/ethnicity, having low family income, and living in a large metropolitan area. Adults with comorbid mental disorders had lower mean levels of functioning and were more likely to report past-year treatment than adults with a single disorder; they also had higher estimates of past-year perceived unmet need for care (21.7% vs. 11.6%, P Conclusions About one in three adults with a mental disorder have a co-occurring mental disorder. Elucidating factors associated with co-occurrence may lend clues to shared etiologies, help improve prevention efforts, facilitate early identification, and improve treatment regimens.
Caregiver perceptions of a fruit and vegetable prescription programme for low-income paediatric patients

Objective The physical and social environments that surround children should support good health. However, challenges with food security and access prevent many children from consuming a healthy diet, which is critical to proper growth and development. The present study sought to gain a better understanding of primary care initiatives to address these issues in a low-income setting. Design Following the relocation of a paediatric clinic to a farmers’ market building and the implementation of a fruit and vegetable prescription programme, researchers conducted thirty-two semi-structured interviews with caregivers. Researchers elicited caregivers’ perceptions of clinic co-location with the farmers’ market; experiences with the prescription programme; opinions of the farmers’ market; and perceived impact on child consumption of fresh produce. Interview recordings were transcribed for textual analysis. Using thematic analysis, researchers examined qualitative data to identify patterns across transcripts and formulate emerging themes. Researchers concluded when data saturation was reached. Setting Flint, Michigan, USA. Subjects The majority of participants were female (91 %) and African American (53 %). Results Four recurrent themes emerged during interviews: (i) convenience of relocation; (ii) attitude towards prescription programme; (iii) challenges with implementation; and (iv) perceived impact of combined interventions. Caregivers indicated that the co-location and prescription programme increased family shopping at the farmers’ market, improved access to high-quality produce and improved food security. Conclusions A fruit and vegetable prescription programme involving a partnership between a farmers’ market and paediatric clinic was perceived as effective in improving food security, food access and child consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables.
Evaluating the response of conventional and water harvesting farms to environmental variables using remote sensing

Abstract The majority of people in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) live in rural communities and practice subsistence farming. Variations in climate and other environmental factors affect the stability of local food production. This instability makes the adoption of efficient farming techniques critical in helping farmers achieve food, income, and livelihood security. Agricultural water conservation techniques called water harvesting are being implemented to increase crop yields in SSA. These techniques have been shown to increase water productivity, nutrients, and organic matter in the soil. This paper uses high-resolution imagery to identify and differentiate between farms using conventional and water-harvesting farm methods. An ordinary least-squares regression model was used to correlate seasonal maximum normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) values with environmental factors for the different farming methods. The results suggest that water harvesting farm techniques have higher crop yields and are less dependent on precipitation than conventional farming methods. The methodology presented in this paper can be used to map use of water harvesting over large areas and monitor associated differences in productivity.
Scale model investigation of the effect of vertical load on the lateral response of micropiles in sand

Research regarding the effect of simultaneous axial and lateral (combined) loading on micropile foundations is limited and somewhat conflicting. This paper presents the results of a scale model stu...
Complications Predicting Perioperative Mortality in Patients Undergoing Elective Craniotomy: A Population-Based Study

Objective The objective of this study was to assess the independent effect of complications on 30-day mortality in 32,695 patients undergoing elective craniotomy. Methods The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program was queried for patients undergoing elective craniotomy from 2006 to 2015. Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine the effect of complications on mortality independent of preoperative risk and other postoperative complications. This effect was further assessed in risk-stratified patient subgroups using the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Surgical Risk Calculator. Results Of 13 complications analyzed, the 5 most strongly associated with mortality independent of preoperative risk factors were unplanned intubation (odds ratio [OR], 12.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 9.5–15.4; P 48 hours after surgery (OR, 9.9; 95% CI, 7.9–12.6; P Conclusions Of 13 complications analyzed, myocardial infarction, unplanned intubation, prolonged ventilator requirement, stroke, and renal failure showed the strongest association with mortality independent of preoperative risk, independent of other complications, and across all risk-stratified subgroups. These findings help identify causes of perioperative mortality after elective craniotomy. Dedicating additional resources toward preventing and treating these complications postoperatively may help reduce rates of failure-to-rescue in the neurosurgical population.
Educational and Clinical Pitfalls in Psychoanalytic Supervision

Psychoanalytic supervision as one of the three basic categories of requirements for psychoanalytic training has remained constant for almost 60 years. The other two categories—the so-called training analysis and assorted course and clinical seminars—have also continued to be an integral part of psychoanalytic training. However, with the development of variable jurisdictional bodies and the proliferation of training institutes, there seem to have been more modifications regarding these other two categories, and fewer changes in psychoanalytic supervision as these pertain to the teaching and learning of the therapeutic aspects of psychoanalysis as well as to the evaluation of progress in training of the psychoanalytic candidate.
Schild's Ladder Parallel Transport Procedure for an Arbitrary Connection

We analyze the Schild's ladder parallel transport procedure for an arbitraryconnection. We demonstrate that the procedure, while it can be performed forany connection, in fact is only capable of detecting the symmetric part of thisconnection. In geometries with a symmetric connection it fulfills its goal toexpress connection and parallel transport of any vector in terms of geodesics ofsuch geometries.
Rethinking Community Involvement for Superfund Site Reuse

Many citizens and communities are continuously buffeted by forces outside of their control that can dramatically impair their quality of life. The decisions of people with little or no stake in a particular neighborhood or community — agencies of state and federal government, developers of property, leaders of multi-national industries and banks — affect the choice and affordability of the housing in which community members live, the transportation they use, the food they put on their table, the way they communicate with the outside world, the means to educate their children, the work they pursue, and, especially, their health, through the quality of the air they breathe and the water they drink.
CIRA: An Architecture for Building Configurable Immersive Smart-Rooms

Significant technological advancements in computer vision, natural language processing and other fields of computer science and engineering have made way for us to build new human-computer interfaces like a Cognitive Immersive Room (CIR). The CIR described in this work can “see”, “hear”, interpret and respond appropriately to a user or a group of users occupying it. However, bringing the state-of-the-art technologies together to respond to different levels of interpretations of multiple input sources under a unified system that can be easily re-configured to suit different purposes is a challenge. The possible use-cases and benefits of such a smart-room are exciting and limitless. To address this sky-high vision of a smart-room, we describe a software architecture, Cognitive Immersive Room Architecture (CIRA) that allows the room to be programmed for multiple use-cases by providing them spatial and contextual intelligence. In this project, given the relationship of the software with the physical attributes of a room, reconfigurability to various physical environments must be kept in mind. By providing resilience to changes in the lower-level devices, the architecture allows flexibility for researchers to enable different multi-modal interactions. The architecture also supports use-case and context-nesting. Thus, this work describes an architecture that enables a smart-room with multi-modal interaction, interpretation and reasoning. The CIRA supports nested contexts, multiple languages and multiple physical environments. We describe four such contexts (use-cases), two languages and two physical environments prototyped using this architecture and describe a pilot user-study.
Suprascapular Nerve Entrapment

This disturbance is not rare or unusual, but must be taken into consideration in evaluating patients suspected of having a tear in the rotator cuff. At times, the differentiation may be difficult, requiring the combined use of an arthrogram and EMG studies, along with a careful history and examination. It must also be considered in chronic shoulder disability, and may be associated with a history of acromioclavicular separation or fractures of the proximal humerus or of the scapula itself.
The ebb and flow of heteroplasmy during intra-species hybridization in Caenorhabditis briggsae

ABSTRACT Mitochondria are typically maternally inherited. In many species, this transmission pattern is produced by sperm-borne mitochondria being eliminated either from sperm before fertilization or from the embryo after fertilization. In the nematode Caenorhabditis briggsae, repeatedly backcrossing hybrids to genetically diverse males can elicit paternal mitochondrial transmission. Studies of other taxa also suggest that hybridization increases paternal mitochondrial transmission. Thus, hybrid genotypes might disrupt the systems that normally prevent paternal mitochondrial transmission. Given the reliance of a number of genetic analyses on the assumption of purely maternal mitochondrial inheritance, it would be broadly valuable to learn more about the processes embryos employ to prevent sperm-borne mitochondria from persisting in offspring, as well as the circumstances under which paternal transmission might be expected to occur. To quantify the tempo of paternal mitochondrial transmission in hybrids, we assessed the presence of paternal mitotypes in replicate lines at three timepoints spanning fifteen generations. All lines exhibited paternal mitochondrial transmission. However, this heteroplasmy always then resolved to homoplasmy for the maternal mitotype. Additionally, one nuclear locus exhibited allele transmission ratio distortion that might reflect mito-nuclear co-evolution. This study frames the genetic architecture of a hybrid genetic incompatibility that leads to paternal mitochondrial transmission and to a reduction in hybrid fitness.
Associations of Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances With Incident Diabetes and Microvascular Disease

OBJECTIVE Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are suspected endocrine disruptors widely detected across populations. We examine the extent to which PFASs are associated with diabetes incidence and microvascular disease. Secondarily, we tested whether a lifestyle intervention modifies associations and decreases concentrations. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We analyzed data from a prospective cohort of 957 participants from the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) trial and Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study (DPPOS). At baseline, participants were randomized to an intensive lifestyle intervention of diet, physical activity, and behavior modification or a placebo medication. We quantified plasma concentrations of six PFASs at baseline and 2 years after randomization. Participants were monitored for ∼15 years, repeatedly tested for diabetes, and evaluated for microvascular disease at the end of the follow-up. RESULTS A doubling in baseline branched perfluorooctanoic acid concentration was associated with a 14% increase in diabetes risk for the placebo (hazard ratio [HR] 1.14, 95% CI 1.04, 1.25) but not in the lifestyle intervention group (HR 1.01, 95% CI 0.92, 1.11, Pinteraction = 0.11). Mean change in plasma baseline branched perfluorooctanoic acid concentration was greater for the placebo (0.96 ng/mL; 95% CI 0.71, 1.22) compared with the lifestyle intervention group (0.31 ng/mL; 95% CI 0.14, 0.48) 2 years after randomization. Each doubling in N-ethyl-perfluorooctane sulfonamido acetic acid was associated with 17% greater odds of prevalent microvascular disease (OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.05, 1.31), and a similar association was observed for perfluorodimethylhexane sulfonic acid (OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.04, 1.35), regardless of treatment. CONCLUSIONS Some plasma PFASs were associated with diabetes and microvascular disease. Our results suggest that exercise and diet may attenuate the diabetogenic association of PFASs.
Foundations of Baghdad's Argument that Regions Lack Constitutional Authority Over Oil and Gas Development Agreements

Iraq’s oil wealth is well known. In recent months, the failure of that nation’s legislature to adopt a national oil law, and the interest of a variety of smaller and mid-sized international oil companies in exploiting the oil riches of the more stabile Kurdish Region, have combined to result in the Kurdish Regional Government striking oil development agreements with roughly a dozen separate entities. The legal validity of these agreements may be questioned under the terms of the Iraqi Constitution. In what follows, an effort is made to detail the most persuasive and forceful legal arguments that could be proffered by the central government to counter claims of regional governments possessing constitutional authority to enter into development agreements like those negotiated by the Kurds. In short, these arguments are based on the notion of the Constitution not assigning control over oil and gas activity to sub-central governmental entities.
Unsupervised Vehicle Recognition Using Incremental Reseeding of Acoustic Signatures

Vehicle recognition and classification have broad applications, ranging from traffic flow management to military target identification. We demonstrate an unsupervised method for automated identification of moving vehicles from roadside audio sensors. Using a short-time Fourier transform to decompose audio signals, we treat the frequency signature in each time window as an individual data point. We then use a spectral embedding for dimensionality reduction. Based on the leading eigenvectors, we relate the performance of an incremental reseeding algorithm to that of spectral clustering. We find that incremental reseeding accurately identifies individual vehicles using their acoustic signatures.
Coding Science Internships: Broadening Participation in Computer Science by Positioning Coding as a Tool for Doing Science

Computational tools, and the computational thinking (CT) involved in their use, are pervasive in science, supporting and often transforming scientific understanding. Yet, longstanding disparities in access to learning opportunities means that CT's growing role risks deepening persistent inequities in STEM [2]. To address this problem, our team developed and studied two 10-lesson instructional units for middle school science classrooms, each designed to challenge persistent barriers to equitable participation in STEM. The units aim to position coding as a tool for doing science, and ultimately, encourage a broader range of students, and females in particular, to identify as programmers. Students who participated (n=391) in a recent study of the units demonstrated statistically significant learning gains, as measured on an external assessment of CT. Learning gains were particularly pronounced for female students. Findings suggest that students can develop CT through instruction that foregrounds science, and in ways that lead to more equitable outcomes.
The Development and Production of the ADDC for the Micromegas Detector of the ATLAS New Small Wheel Upgrade

A series of upgrades will be implemented in the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) to allow luminosity increases in next ten years. The ATLAS experiment will also follow the similar upgrade steps. The Address in Real Time Data Driver Card (ADDC) is designed to transmit the trigger data in the Micromegas detector of the ATLAS New Small Wheel (NSW) upgrade. The Address in Real Time (ART) signals are generated by the front-end ASIC, named VMM chip, to indicate the address of the first above-threshold event which is used to generate the trigger decision. An ART ASIC is custom designed to receive the ART signals from the VMM chips and do the hit-selection processing. Processed data from ART ASIC will be transmitted out of the NSW detector to trigger processor through GBTx serializer, VTTx optical transmitter module and fiber optical links.The ART signal is critical for the ATLAS experiment trigger selection thus the functionality and stability of the ADDC is very important. After development and evaluation of four versions of prototype, the production of ADDC has been launched. 600 pieces of ADDCs will be assembled and tested with the automated test platform which includes a Xilinx VC707 FPGA development kit, a custom designed FMC mezzanine board and related firmware and software. With this test platform, all the functionalities and long-term stability of ADDC can be verified without other electronics of the NSW. This paper will introduce the ADDC prototype development, ART ASIC production packaging, ADDC production test procedure and test results.
An integrated exploratory approach to examining the relationships of environmental stressors and fish responses

The Chesapeake Bay is one of the mostproductive systems in the world. It is theNation's largest estuary (64,000 square miles)and is home to about 13 million people. Itsupports a variety of aquatic resources offlora and fauna. However, for the past 350years and especially in the last two to threedecades, there has been substantialdeterioration of the natural resources. Manyspecies of submerged aquatic vegetation andbenthic invertebrates have been diminished orbecome extinct. Commercial harvests of fish,crab and shell fish have also declined. In 1983, a Chesapeake Bay Agreement was signedby Pennsylvania, Maryland, the District ofColumbia, Virginia and the Bay Commission. Itwas subsequently amended in 1987 and 1992. TheAgreement identified the improvement andmaintenance of water quality as the mostcritical elements in the overall restorationand protection of the Chesapeake Bay. In orderto restore the Bay area and to conserve thefish resources, the causal relationshipsbetween the environmental stressors and thecomposition and health of the fish communitiesmust be understood. Multivariate ordination techniques are usefulexploratory tools to help elucidate latentenvironmental relationships, define specificbiocriteria and to generate hypotheses. Geographical information systems (GIS) is ananalytical technique for identifying spatialrelationships. In this project, an integratedmethodology involving the use of multivariateordination, statistical, and GIS techniques wasadopted. A non-metric multi-dimensionalscaling (NMDS) ordination technique wasemployed in conjunction with other statisticaltechniques (such as correlation analysis) andArcView GIS to analyze a huge data set from theMaryland Biological Stream Survey (MBSS). Theobjectives were to elucidate the intricaterelationships between a suite of environmentalfactors and fish conditions in the riverinesystem in the Chesapeake Bay and to evaluatethe effectiveness of this approach inexploratory analyses. The results showed that landuse issignificantly related to nutrient loading. Toa large extent, landuse and nitrates are alsoaffecting the composition and health of thefish communities in some subwatersheds in theChesapeake Bay. It was also found that theapproach adopted in this study is flexible,requiring few model assumptions. But it iscomprehensive and reliable, capable ofrevealing the impacts of environmentalstressors on the ecology, structure,composition and health of the fishcommunities.
Bio-oil-based phenol–formaldehyde resin: comparison of weight- and molar-based substitution of phenol with bio-oil

The objectives of this study were (i) to synthesize bio-oil-based phenol–formaldehyde resin to be used for the wood products industry, and (ii) to investigate the effect of phenol substitution (mol...
Abstract 6386: Combined PDE4 and VEGFR2 inhibition as a new preclinical rationale in clear cell renal cell carcinoma

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most lethal form of kidney cancer. Small molecule VEGFR inhibitors are widely used but are not curative and various resistance mechanisms have been described. Previous studies have indicated cross-talk between the cAMP pathway and the MAPK pathway, and the elevation of cAMP levels by inhibition of Phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) activities can result in growth arrest and/or cell death. In this study we focused on the effects of PDE4 in ccRCC. We first analyzed the expression of PDE4 in human RCC cell lines and found PDE4D to be dominantly expressed. PDE4D CRISPR Knockout (KO) was then performed on Caki-1 RCC cells and normal renal proximal tubular epithelial cells as control. Cell proliferation, cell cycle cAMP, MAPK plus PI3K/AKT signaling pathways were additionally analyzed to define the effects of PDE4D inhibition. PDE4D KO Caki-1 cells showed decreased cell viability and a higher apoptosis rate compared with wild type controls. Increased intracellular cAMP levels in PDE4D KO resulted in downregulated MAPK but not PI3K/AKT signaling in Caki-1 tumor cells. In addition, PDE4D KO Caki-1 cells demonstrated higher sensitivity to VEGFR inhibitors. To conclude, we provide a new preclinical rationale for dual PDE4/VEGFR2 inhibition in patients with ccRCC. While the MAPK signaling pathway is activated in ccRCC, dual inhibitors may improve the anti-tumor effects in a patient subset with evidence of MAPK involvement. Future work involving in vivo models will be useful to better define efficacy of this dual strategy of anti-tumor activity. Citation Format: Minghua Cao, Karol Nawalaniec, Yueming Luo, Romana Moench, Li-Li Hsiao, Ana Maria Waaga-Gasser. Combined PDE4 and VEGFR2 inhibition as a new preclinical rationale in clear cell renal cell carcinoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 6386.
Abstract 2500: Copy number variation in recurrent BRCA1/2 germline mutation-associated breast and ovarian cancers

Carriers of pathogenic germline mutations in BRCA1/2 are highly predisposed to breast and ovarian cancers. Although their primary tumors respond to DNA-damaging agents, such as platinum-based chemotherapy and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi), these malignancies often return as therapy-resistant recurrences. To identify genetic mechanisms of therapeutic resistance, we performed whole exome sequencing on 41 pairs of matched primary/recurrent breast and ovarian tumors from 27 BRCA1/2 mutation carriers. The cohort consisted of 14 ovarian cancer patients (nine BRCA1, five BRCA2) and 13 breast cancer patients (nine BRCA1, four BRCA2). Five patients received PARPi, 17 patients received platinums, and all patients received some type of chemotherapy prior to recurrence. First, we performed a segmentation analysis to assess copy number variation (CNVs) in each tumor. We calculated homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) scores for each tumor, but found no significant differences between matched primary/recurrent pairs. We noted that primary tumors had a relatively high average HRD score (55/100), which remained high in recurrences (52/100). Next, we totaled arm-level CNVs to generate aneuploidy scores for each tumor. Using a Wilcoxon signed rank test, we found that aneuploidy scores were significantly higher in recurrences than in matched primary tumors (p=0.007). This finding suggests that recurrences have more arm-level CNVs than primary tumors, but that acquired genomic abnormalities are not caused by HRD per se. Instead, arm-level CNVs indicate that replication errors or genome doubling events are more common in recurrences than in primary tumors. Lastly, we annotated all tumors9 CNVs with genes to interrogate potential effects on signaling pathways, including CNVs exclusive to each recurrence. Using Gene Set Enrichment Analysis with Hallmark gene sets, we identified pathways significantly (FDR q Citation Format: Jennifer Brady Shah, Bradley Wubbenhorst, John Pluta, Caitlin Feltcher, Lauren Schmucker, Kurt D9Andrea, Heather Symecko, Catherine Ruan, Anupma Nayak, Kara N. Maxwell, Susan Domchek, Katherine L. Nathanson. Copy number variation in recurrent BRCA1/2 germline mutation-associated breast and ovarian cancers [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 2500.
Constructing cultural identity through weaving among Ri-Bhoi women weavers: a symbolic interactionist approach

With this interpretive study, we sought to understand how weaving as an activity contributed to constructing women handloom weavers’ cultural identity in the region of Ri-Bhoi, a district in Meghalaya, India, by exploring weavers’ experiences through changing tides of modernization in the handloom industry of the region. We adopted a lens of symbolic interaction to consider the ways in which interactions within the Ri-Bhoi cultural context contributed to meanings about the women’s weaving activities and their cultural identities. An ethnographic approach was implemented using participant observation, field notes/journaling, and informal and formal interviews to collect relevant data. Analyses revealed four themes representing the value that Ri-Bhoi women weavers attached to various aspects of their weaving tradition, which in turn, supported their cultural identities: (a) maintaining the tradition of weaving through acquisition and exchange of knowledge, (b) securing social support from family and community, (c) maintaining the tradition of weaving through creation of textiles that symbolize tribe and culture, and (d) achieving a sense of fulfillment (i.e., joy, happiness, and pride). Further exploration revealed that the modernization of the Ri-Bhoi handloom industry increased engagement of women in weaving and their passion to preserve their tradition, which further strengthened their connection to weaving. Implications and future research directions are discussed.
Artificial light at night (ALAN) affects the stress physiology but not the behavior or growth of Rana berlandieri and Bufo valliceps.

Abstract Artificial light at night (ALAN) alters the natural light dark patterns in ecosystems. ALAN can have a suite of effects on community structure and is a driver of evolutionary processes that influences a range of behavioral and physiological traits. Our understanding of possible effects of ALAN across species amphibians is lacking and research is warranted as ALAN could contribute to stress and declines of amphibian populations, particularly in urban areas. We tested the hypothesis that exposure to constant light or pulsed ALAN would physiologically stress Rio Grande leopard frog (Rana berlandieri) and Gulf Coast toad (Bufo valliceps) tadpoles. We reared tadpoles under constant or pulsed (on and off again) ALAN for 14 days and measured corticosterone release rates over time using a non-invasive water-borne hormone protocol. ALAN treatments did not affect behavior or growth. Tadpoles of both species had higher corticosterone (cort) release rates after 14 days of constant light exposure. Leopard frog tadpoles had lower cort release rates after exposure to pulsed ALAN while toad tadpoles had higher cort release rates. These results suggest that short-term exposure to constant or pulsed light at night may contribute to stress in tadpoles but that each species differentially modulated their cort response to ALAN exposure and a subsequent stressor. This flexibility in the upregulation and downregulation of hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal axis response may indicate an alternative mechanism for diminishing the deleterious effects of chronic stress. Nonetheless, ALAN should be considered in management and conservation plans for amphibians.
Family Dynamics at the Intersection of Languages, Cultures, and Aspirations: Reflections of Young Adults from Immigrant Families:

This study examined family dynamics and parent–child relations that stem from the intersection of languages, cultures, and aspirations of first-generation parents and their U.S.-raised children. Ba...
Characterizing the SLOPE Trade-off: A Variational Perspective and the Donoho-Tanner Limit.

Sorted l1 regularization has been incorporated into many methods for solving high-dimensional statistical estimation problems, including the SLOPE estimator in linear regression. In this paper, we study how this relatively new regularization technique improves variable selection by characterizing the optimal SLOPE trade-off between the false discovery proportion (FDP) and true positive proportion (TPP) or, equivalently, between measures of type I error and power. Assuming a regime of linear sparsity and working under Gaussian random designs, we obtain an upper bound on the optimal trade-off for SLOPE, showing its capability of breaking the Donoho-Tanner power limit. To put it into perspective, this limit is the highest possible power that the Lasso, which is perhaps the most popular l1-based method, can achieve even with arbitrarily strong effect sizes. Next, we derive a tight lower bound that delineates the fundamental limit of sorted l1 regularization in optimally trading the FDP off for the TPP. Finally, we show that on any problem instance, SLOPE with a certain regularization sequence outperforms the Lasso, in the sense of having a smaller FDP, larger TPP and smaller l2 estimation risk simultaneously. Our proofs are based on a novel technique that reduces a variational calculus problem to a class of infinite-dimensional convex optimization problems and a very recent result from approximate message passing theory.
Capping protein integrates multiple MAMP signalling pathways to modulate actin dynamics during plant innate immunity

Plants and animals perceive diverse microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) via pattern recognition receptors and activate innate immune signalling. The actin cytoskeleton has been suggested as a target for innate immune signalling and a key transducer of cellular responses. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying actin remodelling and the precise functions of these rearrangements during innate immunity remain largely unknown. Here we demonstrate rapid actin remodelling in response to several distinct MAMP signalling pathways in plant epidermal cells. The regulation of actin dynamics is a convergence point for basal defence machinery, such as cell wall fortification and transcriptional reprogramming. Our quantitative analyses of actin dynamics and genetic studies reveal that MAMP-stimulated actin remodelling is due to the inhibition of capping protein (CP) by the signalling lipid, phosphatidic acid. In addition, CP promotes resistance against bacterial and fungal phytopathogens. These findings demonstrate that CP is a central target for the plant innate immune response.
What the Gut Can Teach Us About Migraine

During gestation, cells of the brain and gut develop almost simultaneously into the central nervous system (CNS) and enteric nervous system (ENS), respectively. They remain connected via the vagal nerve lifelong. While it is well known that the brain sends signal to the gut, communication is in fact bidirectional. Just as the brain can modulate gut functioning, the gut, and likely what we ingest, can in fact influence our brain functioning. We will first review both gastrointestinal (GI) function and migraine pathophysiology and then discuss evidence linking the migraine brain to various GI disorders. Lastly, we discuss the effects of gut microbiota on brain functioning and speculate how the gut and particularly diet may affect migraine.
Complimentary Role of CT/MRI in the Assessment of Aortic Stenosis

Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) and cardiac computed tomography (CT) have specific advantages and disadvantages that supplement, but do not supplant echocardiography as the major imaging modality used for management of patients with aortic stenosis (AS). In general, CMR provides more complete physiologic information than CT, but CT angiography has broader general applicability, as it is now frequently used for coronary angiography and is a main tool in pre-procedural planning and valve sizing for transcutaneous aortic valve replacement (TAVR).
Sequence-Selective Recognition of Double-Stranded RNA

The important role that noncoding RNA plays in cell biology makes it an attractive target for molecular recognition. However, the discovery of small molecules that bind such double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) selectively and may serve as biochemical probes and potential drug leads has been relatively slow. The surface of dsRNA is relatively uniform, dominated by negatively charged phosphates, and presents little opportunity for the traditional shape-selective molecular recognition. On the other hand, hydrogen-bonded base pairing is the key feature of nucleic acids and, therefore, inherently the most effective way of sequence-selective recognition of RNA. This chapter reviews recent progress in developing oligonucleotide analogues for selective binding to dsRNA. The emphasis is on hydrogen bonding to nucleobases, such as triple helix formation between RNA and peptide nucleic acids (PNAs). PNA having cationic nucleobase modifications binds to dsRNA with low nanomolar affinity and excellent sequence selectivity under physiologically relevant conditions. PNA is uniquely selective ligand for dsRNA as binding to the same sequences of dsDNA is at least an order of magnitude weaker. Conjugation of PNA with short lysine peptides further enhances binding affinity and RNA over DNA selectivity without compromising sequence selectivity of the triple helix formation. Preliminary results suggest that the modified PNAs can bind and recognize noncoding dsRNAs through the triple helix formation. The cationic nucleobase and backbone (Lys) modifications enhance the cellular uptake of PNA. Thus, modified PNAs may be promising compounds for detecting and interfering with the function of biologically relevant dsRNA in live cells.
Dichloroacetate Decreases Cell Health and Activates Oxidative Stress Defense Pathways in Rat Alveolar Type II Pneumocytes

Dichloroacetate (DCA) is a water purification byproduct that is known to be hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic and to induce peripheral neuropathy and damage macrophages. This study characterizes the effects of the haloacetate on lung cells by exposing rat alveolar type II (L2) cells to 0–24 mM DCA for 6–24 hours. Increasing DCA concentration and the combination of increasing DCA concentration plus longer exposures decrease measures of cellular health. Length of exposure has no effect on oxidative stress biomarkers, glutathione, SOD, or CAT. Increasing DCA concentration alone does not affect total glutathione or its redox ratio but does increase activity in the SOD/CAT oxidative stress defense pathway. These data suggest that alveolar type II cells rely on SOD and CAT more than glutathione to combat DCA-induced stress.
Dynamics of switched arrival systems with thresholds

Examines a controlled single server fluid model where upper and lower limits are placed on the buffers. The authors study the case of a three buffer system in detail and describe the variety of possible closed loop behaviour between chaotic and periodic. The method of analysis is significantly different from the analysis in Chase, Serrano, and Ramadge (1993) for switched arrival systems with no thresholds. In particular, the authors take a topological rather then statistical approach to chaos in this paper. Also, they employ symbolic dynamics as an aid in the study of such systems end relate switched arrival systems with no upper limits to a particular subshift of finite type. >
Antibiotic-Mediated Inhibition of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) Infection: A Novel Quinolone Function Which Potentiates the Antiviral Cytokine Response in MARC-145 Cells and Pig Macrophages

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is an economically signifi cant agent for which there currently are no effective treatments. Development of antiviral agents for PRRSV as well as many other viruses has been limited by toxicity of known antiviral compounds. In contrast, antibiotics for non-virus microbial infections have been widely useful, in part because of their acceptable toxicity in animals. We report here the discovery that the quinolone- containing compound Plasmocin ™ , as well as the quinolones nalidixic acid and ciprofl oxacin, have potent anti-PRRSV activity in vitro. PRRSV replication was inhibited by these antibiotics in both cultured MARC-145 cells and cultured primary alveolar porcine macrophages (PAMs). Furthermore, sub-optimal concentrations of nalidixic acid synergized with antiviral cytokines (AK-2 or IFN-γ) to quantitatively and qualitatively inhibit PRRSV replication in MARC-145 cells or PAMs. The antiviral activity of Plasmocin and nalidixic acid correlated with reduced actin expression in MARC-145 cells. Repli- cation of the related lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus (LDV) was also inhibited in primary mouse macrophages by Plasmocin. These results are signifi cant to the development of antiviral strategies with potentially reduced toxicity, and provide a model system to better understand regulation of arterivirus replication.
The Cost of Complexity in Federal Student Aid: Lessons from Optimal Tax Theory and Behavioral Economics

The federal system for distributing student financial aid rivals the tax code in its complexity. Both have been a source of frustration and a focus of reform efforts for decades, yet the complexity of the student aid system has received comparatively little attention from economists. We describe the complexity of the aid system, and apply lessons from optimal tax theory and behavioral economics to show that complexity is a serious obstacle to both efficiency and equity in the distribution of student aid. We show that complexity disproportionately burdens those with the least ability to pay and undermines redistributive goals. We use detailed data from federal student aid applications to show that a radically simplified aid process can reproduce the current distribution of aid using a fraction of the information now collected.
Patterns of moral complexity

Larmore aims to recover three forms of moral complexity that have often been neglected by moral and political philosophers. First, he argues that virtue is not simply the conscientious adherence to principle. Rather, the exercise of virtue apply. He argues - and this is the second pattern of complexity - that recognizing the value of constitutive ties with shared forms of life does not undermine the liberal ideal of political neutrality toward differing ideals of the good life. Finally Larmore agrues for what he calls the heterogeneity of morality. Moral thinking need not be exclusively deontological or consequentialist, and we should recognize that the ultimate sources of moral value are diverse. The arguments presented here do not attack the possibility of moral theory. But in addressing some of the central issues of moral and political thinking today thay attempt to restore to that thinking greater flexibility and a necessary sensitivity to our common experience.
Análise de Resumos de Periódicos Escritos por Cientistas Japoneses, Americanos e Britânicos com Coh-metrix e Gramulator

This interdisciplinary study comprises two complementary analyses on a corpus of journal abstracts written in English by American, British, and Japanese scientists. The fi rst analysis uses the computational tool Coh-Metrix to assess text at the discourse level. The second analysis uses the computational tool the Gramulator to compare the frequency of n-grams across the three sources of abstracts. The Coh-Metrix and Gramulator analyses both suggest signifi cant differences between all three varieties of English. The greatest differences were apparent when comparing abstracts written by Japanese and English speakers; however, a number of differences were also apparent when comparing the British English and American English varieties. The results lend weight to the conclusion that native-English speakers (reviewer, editor, or reader) of either the British or American variety may interpret Japanese-English texts as lacking in key areas of the proto-typical style of the English register. Our findings provide information for instructors, course developers, and scientists on how and where text might be modifi ed in order to facilitate the production of more native-English-like representations.
Oral aluminum penicillin in dental surgery: Report of 51 cases treated with complete freedom from postoperative complications

0 Ir’% of the more common misconceptions prevailing among the laity. from a dental aspect, is the erroneous belief t,hat a dentist will not extract an abscessed tooth in the acute sta.ge of infection. This belief has been perpetuated to a large degree by the fact that many dentists themselves fall heir to the same idea and are reluctant to intervene in these cases. This reluctance on the part of many dentists is partially justified because the extraction of such a tooth does, in fact,, require greater care and precaution than is normally demanded. This care and precaution consists primarily in providing proper medication for the patient so as to prevent possible spread of the infection after extraction is accomplished. The drugs which now ef?iciently serve this purpose are certain sulfonamides and antibiotics. Of the two groups of drugs, the antibiotics are the more desirable inasmuch as comparatively wide segments of the populace exhibit allergy or sensitivity toward the sulfonamitlrs. Penicillin is still considered the antibiotic of choice in tlcntistry. hcc;t~~sc pracdcwlly all organisms causing oral or dental infection are l~enicillin-sensitize. Add to thi;i the fact that the incidence of allergy and sensitivity is fairly small with penicillin, and we see further evidence for the selection of this antibiotic. h’urther, it has been demonstrated that the possibilities of producing penicillin-resistant organisms are far less than have previously been supposed. It would appear, then, that with such an armamentarium at his disposal, there would be little reason for the dentist, to hesitate over the cxtraetion of an abscessed tooth. Such has not been t,he case, however, since it, has also been true in the past that to prorido maximum cfficicncy, it was necessary to administer penicillin parenterally. T~nfortunatel~, most dentisls do not have tlrc l)h\-sic31 ofcil 5itii:tIiciti :‘rcfldil L'CSO!i.i? itself into securing a foi~ni of penicillin which Jvould lie as effective, or nearlyas effective, orally as parenterally. The chief barrier to tht oral acli~lillistl’ation o.f the soluble salts of penicillin is the fact that. a consitlerable portion of the dru g is destroyed by the acidity of thtt stomach. Further. iflilcti\-atiolr occurs in the colon 11l1x~lg11 the elaboration of the enzyme penicillinase by local bacterial flora. ~~-_I
Healthy intakes of n-3 and n-6 fatty acids: estimations considering worldwide diversity.

Background: The worldwide diversity of dietary intakes of n-6 and n-3 fatty acids influences tissue compositions of n-3 long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs: eicosapentaenoic, docosapentaenoic, and docosahexaenoic acids) and risks of cardiovascular and mental illnesses. Objective: We aimed to estimate healthy dietary allowances for n-3 LCFAs that would meet the nutrient requirements of 97-98% of the population. Design: Deficiency in n-3 LCFAs was defined as attributable risk from 13 morbidity and mortality outcomes, including all causes, coronary heart disease, stroke, cardiovascular disease, homicide, bipolar disorder, and major and postpartum depressions. Dietary availability of n-3 LCFAs from commodities for 38 countries and tissue composition data were correlated by best fit to each illness in deficiency risk models. Results: The potential attributable burden of disease ranged from 20.8% (all-cause mortality in men) to 99.9% (bipolar disorder). n-3 LCFA intake for Japan (0.37% of energy, or 750 mg/d) met criteria for uniformly protecting >98% of the populations worldwide. n-3 LCFA intakes needed to meet a tissue target representative of Japan (60% n-3 in LCFA) ranged from 278 mg/d (Philippines, with intakes of 0.8% of energy as linoleate, 0.08% ofenergy as α-linolenate, and 0.06% of energy as arachidonic acid) to 3667 mg/d (United States, with 8.91% of energy as linoleate, 1.06% of energy as α-linolenate, and 0.08% of energy as arachidonic acid). Conclusions: With caveats inherent for ecologic, nutrient disappearance analyses, a healthy dietary allowance for n-3 LCFAs for current US diets was estimated at 3.5 g/d for a 2000-kcal diet. This allowance for n-3 LCFAs can likely be reduced to one-tenth of that amount by consuming fewer n-6 fats.