cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Relation of nucleation and crystal-growth rate to the development of granitic textures

Analysis of crystal growth as a function of temperature for synthetic granite and granodiorite compositions in the system KAlSi/sub 3/O/sub 8/--NaAlSi/sub 3/O/sub 8/--CaAl/sub 2/Si/sub 2/O/sub 8/--SiO/sub 2/ under H/sub 2/O-saturated and undersaturated conditions yields quantitative data on the growth kinetics of quartz, alkali-feldspar, and plagioclase in these systems at 8 kbar and 400 to 900/sup 0/C. Measured growth rates vary from 3 x 10/sup -6/ cm/sec (about 3 mm/day) to 1 x 10/sup -10/ cm/sec (about 1 mm/yr), while nucleation density (nucleation sites/unit volume) varies from 0 to over 1 x 10/sup 8/ sites/cm/sup 3/. Crystal-growth rates commonly increase with increased undercooling. Maximum growth rates are lower in systems which contain a H/sub 2/O-rich vapor phase than in systems that are undersaturated with respect to H/sub 2/O. Number of nuclei (nucleation density), growth rate, and morphology for each of the minerals determines the texture of an ingeous rock. Results of this study show that long periods of time are not necessary to produce the textures commonly associated with igneous rocks. A relatively small number of large crystals may be produced by crystallization at a low undercooling in a few days. Volcanic (fine-grained) textures may be produced by crystallization at largemore » undercoolings, which produces a large number of small nuclei (high nucleation density, low growth rate). Coincidence of low nucleation density and high growth rate for alkali feldspar may explain the large alkali-feldspar crystals (phenocrysts or interstitial masses) sometimes found in granodiorites.« less
Studies in the Psychological Correlates of the Sound System of American English

(1964). Studies in the Psychological Correlates of the Sound System of American English. WORD: Vol. 20, No. 2, pp. 157-177.
Fabrication and performance of LaGaO3-Based tubular SOFC’s

Yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) is the most commonly used electrolyte material in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC’s). However, doped lanthanum gallate is an interesting alternative for use at intermediate temperatures (typically 600 – 750 °C). Commercially available La0.8Sr0.2Ga0.8Mg0.2O2.8 (LSGM) powder was mixed with a polymer-based binder system and extruded into two different size tubes. After sintering, the electrolyte tubes were approximately (a) 6 mm outside diameter, 0.55 mm wall thickness and 100–200 mm long and (b) 4 mm outside diameter, 0.22 mm wall thickness and 50–100 mm long. The tubes were then fabricated into SOFC’s, using a range of anode and cathode morphologies. The electrical performance of the cells was then tested using hydrogen as a fuel. A repeatable and constant power of over 2.5 W per cell was obtained at 800 °C and 0.7 V. The maximum power density of the tubular fuel cell with La0.6Sr0.4CoO3 cathode, Ce0.8Sm0.2O1.9 interlayer and a Ni anode was 482 mW/cm2. This paper will present the fabrication procedure and parameters, fuel cell performance test results, and the effect of electrode morphologies on the performance of the fuel cells.
Determination of anethole trithionein in anethole trithione tablets by HPLC

Aim To establish an HPLC method for determination of anethole trithione in anethole trithione tablets.Method The chromatography column is C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm),with a mobile phase consisting of methanol-water(80∶20).The flow-rate is 1.0 ml·min-1.The UV detection wavelength is set at 348 nm.Results The linear range of anethole trithione is 10.5~50.24 mg·L-1,r=0.999 8(n=5).The average recovery was 99.8%,with an RSD of 0.51%.Conclusion The method was proved to be simple,rapid and accurate for the quality control of an ethole trithione tablets.
Diagnosis of Rational Energy Use in Comprehensive Utilization of Lead-zinc Tailings

In view of the tailings characteristics of high content in S,CaO,and SiO2 at a lead-zinc mine,the scheme of comprehensive utilization of lead-zinc tailings was proposed,which is"lead-zinc re-election-sulfur recovery-building material of secondary tailings".The diagnosis of rational energy use was employed to analyze the energy consumption of the comprehensive utilization.The results showed that the concentrate grade of sulfur recycled reached 42%,the concentrate grade of iron recycled in magnetite reached 60%,and the unburned brick and cement which were made of the secondary tailings could be satisfied with industry standards.When manufactured cements with lead-zinc tailings,the burning efficiency of the rotary kiln system was low,in which 59.2% energy disbursement was worth of recovery,so the rotary kiln had great energy saving potential.
Malignant hyperthermia: slow sodium current in cultured human muscle cells

Voltage-activated ion currents were measured in cultured skeletal muscle myoballs. Cultures were generated from biopsies from patients referred for diagnosis of susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia (MH); diagnosis of susceptibility (MH+) or nonsusceptibility (MH-) was made on the basis of in vitro halothane-induced contracture of a separate piece of biopsy. Measurements of ion currents were made at room temperature in the absence of anesthetic agents, using tight-seal whole-cell recording. Fast transient Na+ currents and delayed outward K+ currents were similar in magnitude and kinetics in cells from MH+ and MH- patients. An additional slowly inactivating inward current component was commonly observed in cells from MH+ patients. This current was blockable by tetrodotoxin and was carried by Na+ but not by Ba2+. The component was less frequently observed and was of a lower magnitude in cells from MH- patients. The increased magnitude of the slow inward current observed in cultured muscle cells from MH+ patients may be a manifestation of the lesion that causes MH.
The presidential platform on twenty-first century education goals

As social and economic problems change, so do the goals of education reformers. This content analysis of presidential debates transcripts, state of the union addresses, and education budgets from 2000 to 2015 reveals the ways in which presidents and presidential candidates have framed education goals thus far in the twenty-first century. Using Labaree’s (1997) framework of competing goals in American education, we found that democratic equality, social efficiency, and social mobility made their way into education discourse. Democratic equality occurred most frequently, followed by social efficiency, then social mobility. Presidents also used these goals in concert, applying symbolic language of equity to promote education policy initiatives framed as bolstering economic growth, America’s global competitiveness, and the opportunity for individuals to achieve the American Dream. Implications for federal education policy trends and frameworks for understanding the education goals of U.S. presidents in the 21st century are discussed.
Franz Volhard Lecture. Evolution of the medullipin concept of blood pressure control: a tribute to Eric Muirhead

THE HYPOTHESIS The medullipin system discovered by the late Eric E. Muirhead is a feedback blood-pressure control system operating from the renal medulla. In contrast to the renin-angiotensin system, which upregulates pressure, the medullipin system downregulates blood pressure. THE MECHANISM: A rise in arterial pressure has two important consequences. First, medullary blood flow increases, renal interstitial fluid pressure rises and there is a reduction in the medullary urea osmotic gradient. Second, secretion of medullipin I is increased, which circulates to the liver, where it is converted to the active hormone, medullipin II, by a P-450 cytochrome oxidase pathway. Both of these mechanisms work in parallel to reduce arterial pressure with an increase in the urinary excretion of sodium and water coupled with systemic arterial vasodilation by medullipin II.
Mathematical models of bubbles

In this paper we review recent attempts to model mathematically the price evolution of risk assets when they are undergoing bubble pricing. We consider both continuous processes and processes with jumps, and use the framework that, under a risk-neutral measure, the price process will be a strict local martingale (and not a ‘true’ martingale) when bubble pricing is present. Finally, we mention briefly the issue of causes for bubbles, and one approach to modelling them mathematically.
Robust homology-directed repair within mouse mammary tissue is not specifically affected by Brca2 mutation.

The mammary gland undergoes significant proliferative stages after birth, but little is known about how the developmental changes impact DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair. Mutations in multiple genes involved in homology-directed repair (HDR), considered a particularly accurate pathway for repairing DSBs, are linked to breast cancer susceptibility, including BRCA2. Using reporter mice that express an inducible endonuclease, we find that HDR is particularly robust in mammary tissue during puberty and pregnancy, accounting for 34–40% of detected repair events, more than in other tissues examined. Brca2 hypomorphic mutation leads to HDR defects in mammary epithelium during puberty and pregnancy, including in different epithelial lineages. Notably, a similar dependence on Brca2 is observed in other proliferative tissues, including small intestine epithelium. Our results suggest that the greater reliance on HDR in the proliferating mammary gland, rather than a specific dependence on BRCA2, may increase its susceptibility to tumorigenesis incurred by BRCA2 mutation. Mutations in homology-directed repair genes likeBRCA2are linked to breast cancer susceptibility. Here the authors generate mice with an inducible DNA break-reporter system and see high levels of homology-directed repair in proliferative mammary tissue and a general reliance on BRCA2 in various tissues.
Novel 6-slot 4-pole dual-stator flux-switching permanent magnet machine comparison studies for high-speed applications

This paper presents the study on a novel dual-stator 6/4 flux-switching permanent magnet (FSPM) machine for high-speed applications. Three different alternative topologies of dual-stator 6/4 FSPM machines are proposed and their performances regarding flux linkage, back electromotive force (back-EMF), torque density, and manufacturability are compared to the same specification of 10 kW and 15,000 rpm condition. Design considerations for each of the proposed topology are elaborated. The proposed dual-stator 6/4 FSPM machine is compared with the conventional 12/10 FSPM machine designed at the same power and speed rating. Results show that the proposed low-pole dual-stator 6/4 FSPM machine achieves a significant reduction of high-frequency losses including iron loss and magnet eddy current loss than the high-pole 12/10 FSPM machine. Thus the dual-stator 6/4 FSPM machine is more amenable for high-speed operation than the 12/10 FSPM machine because of less fundamental frequency required, less total loss, and more energy savings.
History, Principles, and Policies of Observation Medicine.

The history of observation medicine has paralleled the rise of emergency medicine over the past 50 years to meet the needs of patients, emergency departments, hospitals, and the US health care system. Just as emergency departments are the safety net of the health system, observation units are the safety net of emergency departments. The growth of observation medicine has been driven by innovations in health care, an ongoing shift of patients from inpatient to outpatient settings, and changes in health policy. These units have been shown to provide better outcomes than traditional care for selected patients.
Psychological symptoms and subsequent healthy lifestyle after a colorectal cancer diagnosis.

Objective Although medical professionals recommend lifestyle changes following a colorectal cancer (CRC) diagnosis to improve outcomes, such changes are not consistently implemented. This study examines whether higher distress is associated with lower likelihood of engaging in favorable behaviors after CRC diagnosis. Method Women from the Nurses' Health Study prospective cohort who completed anxiety (n = 145) and depression (n = 227) symptom scales within 4 years after receiving a CRC diagnosis were included. Measures of lifestyle (diet, physical activity, alcohol, smoking, body mass index [BMI]) were queried prediagnosis, when psychological symptoms were assessed (1988 and 1992, respectively), and then every 4 years thereafter until 2010. Women were categorized according to initial psychological symptoms levels and followed through 2010 or until last follow-up completed. Results Higher versus lower anxiety symptoms were significantly related to unhealthier lifestyle scores throughout follow-up (β = -0.25, CI [-0.44, -0.05]); however, the rate of change over time was similar across groups (pinteraction effect = 0.41). Stratified analyses hinted that higher anxiety and depression symptoms were related to increased odds of reporting a future unhealthy lifestyle within 10-years postdiagnosis. Beyond 10 years, anxiety became statistically unrelated with future lifestyle, and higher depressive symptoms were associated with lower odds of subsequently having an unhealthy lifestyle, albeit nonstatistically significant (OR = 0.35, 95% CI [0.10, 1.24], p = 0.10). Conclusions Among women with CRC, higher anxiety and depression symptoms were associated with subsequent unhealthier lifestyle in the 10 years following diagnosis. With replication, such findings may suggest that treating psychological symptoms early in the cancer trajectory may not solely reduce psychological distress but also promote healthier lifestyle. (PsycINFO Database Record
Thermal Engineering at the Limits of the CMOS Era

Abstract Thermal engineering has emerged as a critical component in the development of integrated circuits and associated electronics. Considerations span multiple physical length scales, from fundamental phonon heat conduction in individual transistors at nanometer length scales to systems level cooling at centimeter scales. With a rapidly evolving technology landscape toward the end of Moore’s law scaling, challenges in thermal engineering have broadened to include consideration of heat dissipation in transistors, self-heating in devices and interconnects, leakage power, the altered thermophysical properties of materials at scaled dimensions, electrothermal circuit simulations, packaging challenges for multichip and vertically stacked die packages, three-dimensional integration, systems on chip, new systems cooling technologies such as microchannel-based liquid cooling, and at the deep end of research, the thermal considerations for revolutionary logic devices. This chapter outlines key challenges in this rapidly changing landscape and summarizes the fundamentals relevant for tackling these myriad challenges. The chapter concludes by outlining thermodynamic limits for power density from a thermal standpoint.
Locating Event-Based Causal Effects: A Configural Perspective

Statistical models for the analysis of hypotheses that are compatible with direction dependence were originally specified based on the linear model. In these models, relations among variables reflected directional or causal hypotheses. In a number of causal theories, however, effects are defined as resulting from causes that did versus did not occur. To accommodate this type of theory, the present article proposes analyzing directional or causal hypotheses at the level of configurations. Causes thus have the effect that, in a particular sector of the data space, the density of cases increases or decreases. With reference to log-linear models of direction dependence, this article specifies base models for the configural analysis of directional or causal hypotheses. In contrast to standard configural analysis, the models are applied in a confirmatory context. Specific direction dependence hypotheses are analyzed. In a simulation study, it is shown that the proposed methods have good power to identify the sectors in the data space in which density exceeds or falls below expectation. In a data example, it is shown that the evolutionary hypothesis that body size determines brain size is confirmed in particular for higher vertebrates.
Predicting 30-Day Hospital Readmissions in Acute Myocardial Infarction: The AMI "READMITS" (Renal Function, Elevated Brain Natriuretic Peptide, Age, Diabetes Mellitus, Nonmale Sex, Intervention with Timely Percutaneous Coronary Intervention, and Low Systolic Blood Pressure) Score.

BackgroundReadmissions after hospitalization for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) are common. However, the few currently available AMI readmission risk prediction models have poor‐to‐modest predic...
General patterns of DNA repair and their possible significance as necessary protection from environmental radiation exposure.

In order to generalize ionizing radiation response ‘target theory’ has been developed and formalized by Lea [1]. This theory tends to emphasize the geometrical and statistical factors of radiation and to minimize the importance of biological modifications of injury. Also more recently [2, 3] efforts have been continued to fit radiation response data through geometrical parameters.
Self-Adjoint Eigenfunction Problems

This chapter describes self-adjoint eigenfunction problems. Many of the differential equations of mathematical physics are related to self-adjoint eigenfunction problems. As a special subcase, Sturm–Liouville equations are often self-adjoint eigenfunction problems. For partial differential equations, there are many results analogous to those mentioned in the chapter for ordinary differential equations. The chapter enumerates some of them for the Helmholtz equation in two dimensions. For the equation Δ 2 Φ + λΦ = 0 in a region R , with the boundary conditions a Φ + b ΔΦ, n = 0 given on the entire boundary of R (where n represents the unit normal): (1) all the eigenvalues { λ i } are real, (2) there are an infinite number of eigenvalues; there is an eigenvalue of least magnitude, but no largest one; and (3) the eigenfunctions { Φ i ( x , y )} form a complete set.
Book Review: Anshu Malhotra, Piro and the Gulabdasis: Gender, Sect, and Society in Punjab:

Anshu Malhotra, Piro and the Gulabdasis: Gender, Sect, and Society in Punjab, New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2017, 357 pp.
Responding to Divergent Trends: Vocational and Transfer Education at Community Colleges

Community colleges have long had multiple missions. The first community college was designed to relieve elite colleges of the burden of educating 18- and 19-year-olds. Thus, it was initially concei...
Enhanced Advocacy and Health Systems Training Through Patient Navigation Increases Access to Living-donor Kidney Transplantation.

BACKGROUND To date, no living donation program has simultaneously addressed the needs of both transplant candidates and living donors by separating the advocacy role from the candidate and improving potential donor comfort with the evaluation process. We hypothesized that the development of a novel program designed to promote both advocacy and systems training among transplant candidates and their potential living kidney donors would result in sustained increases in living-donor kidney transplantation (LDKT). To this end, we developed and implemented a Living Donor Navigator (LDN) Program at the University of Alabama at Birmingham. METHODS We included adult patients awaiting kidney-only transplant in a retrospective cohort analysis. Using time-varying Cox proportional hazards regression, we explored likelihood of living donor screening and approval by participation in the LDN program. RESULTS There were 56 LDN participants and 1948 nonparticipants (standard of care). LDN was associated with a 9-fold increased likelihood of living donor screenings (adjusted hazard ratio, 9.27; 95% confidence interval, 5.97-14.41, P < 0.001) and a 7-fold increased likelihood of having an approved living donor (adjusted hazard ratio, 7.74; 95% confidence interval, 3.54-16.93; P < 0.001) compared with the standard of care. Analyses by participant race demonstrated higher likelihood of screened donors and a similar likelihood of having an approved donor among African Americans compared with Caucasians. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that both advocacy and systems training are needed to increase actual LDKT rates, and that LDN programs may mitigate existing racial disparities in access to LDKT.
A Passive RFID Temperature Sensing Antenna With Liquid Crystal Elastomer Switching

An autonomous and continuously operating Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) temperature sensor is designed, manufactured, and tested. This sensor is battery-free and can detect temperature threshold crossings for multiple (room-to-cold and cold-to-room) temperature cycles, respectively. The proposed sensor conveys temperature threshold crossings through the controlled switching of its operating frequency within the 902-928 MHz Ultra High Frequency (UHF) RFID band. For the first time, shape morphing cold-temperature reactive Liquid Crystal Elastomers (LCEs), which provide reversible actuation, are utilized. The proposed sensor design consists of a patch antenna with a customized slot. A passive mechanical switch is connected across this slot and provides the frequency switching as it is activated and deactivated. The integration of this switch with the antenna is achieved using a co-simulation method. Furthermore, the cold-temperature reactive LCE triggers the switch when a temperature violation has occurred, thereby switching the operating frequency of the sensor based on temperature changes. Additionally, a high-dielectric constant substrate and a single matching network that operates at two discrete frequencies are used to design our compact frequency-domain temperature sensor. Moreover, based on the RFID platform, this sensor operates effectively in close-proximity to other sensors. Also, is provides identification and temperature information through an autonomous, continuous, and cost-effective design. Therefore, the proposed sensor has the potential for operation in the Internet of Things (IoTs) applications, where large amounts of data is collected from numerous sensors to extract valuable information for the benefit of users, manufacturers, and delivery companies in the virtual domain of the internet. Finally, ANSYS HFSS and Circuit Designer are used for the simulation modeling. The performance of our sensor is validated using measurements and simulations that agree very well.
Does Size Influence Jail Efficiency? An Analysis of Local Jails in the United States

This study examines the efficiency of local jails in the United States in 2016 using Data Envelopment Analysis with metafrontiers. Metafrontiers envelop jails that have a similar production technol...
Regulation of Cullin-RING E3 ligase dynamics by Inositol hexakisphosphate

Perhaps in a decade or so, researchers may look back on current times and view it as an inflection point for the development of novel therapeutic modalities for the treatment of various human diseases. One particularly innovative approach involves targeting disease-modifying proteins for degradation by the proteasome, the large multisubunit protease responsible for the lion's share of regulated protein degradation in human cells (1). The technique uses the action of ubiquitin (UB) ligases, the enzymes that append polyubiquitin chains onto proteins that signal for degradation, and unleashes their activities on disease-causing proteins. Inducing proximity between the ubiquitin ligase and the target is accomplished by small molecule effectors that bind in shallow grooves on both the enzyme and the protein target, acting as “glue” and driving substantial affinities between two proteins that normally do not interact in cells (2, 3). While this may sound more like a futuristic treatment than reality, there are several Food and Drug Administration-approved therapies utilizing induced proximity to target proteins to the proteasome, and even more are in clinical trials (4). While one concern had been that molecular glues capable of promoting protein–protein interactions are quite rare, the study in PNAS by Lin et al. (5) is likely to change opinions on the matter. Before explaining the results from Lin et al. (5), a bit of background is necessary. Most of the current therapeutic molecular glues that target disease-causing proteins for degradation utilize the largest family of ubiquitin ligases in humans, the Cullin-RING (Really Interesting New Gene) ligases (CRLs) (6, 7). Some 200 of these enzymes can be found in our cells and account for at least 20% of all proteasome-dependent protein degradation. This grand number of enzymes associates with seven Cullin scaffold proteins, which bind to RING proteins (RBX1/2) that recruit ubiquitin-carrying enzymes. … [↵][1]1To whom correspondence may be addressed. Email: danny.scott{at}stjude.org. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Is It All in My Head? Self-reported Psychogenic Erectile Dysfunction and Depression Are Common Among Young Men Seeking Advice on Social Media.

OBJECTIVE To characterize themes of discussion and specific concerns expressed by users of an internet erectile dysfunction (ED) community using a mixed-methodology approach involving quantitative natural language processing (NLP) and qualitative annotation of content. METHODS We extracted posts and responses from the Reddit community r/ErectileDysfunction (3100 members) during June 2018 to May 2019. We applied an NLP technique called the meaning extraction method with principal component analysis to computationally identify themes of discussion. We manually annotated a subset (30%) of posts based on NLP-derived themes to evaluate specific content. RESULTS We analyzed 329 posts and 1702 responses. Meaning extraction method with principal component analysis identified key themes: hypogonadism symptoms, masturbation/sex, evaluation/treatment, alternative therapies, and partner factors (posts); and performance anxiety, hypogonadism evaluation, pornography, and pharmacotherapy (responses). Subset annotation of 100 posts revealed a median author age of 24 years (Interquartile Range (IQR): 20-31). 48% of discussants believed their ED was psychogenic, 38% reported depressive symptoms, and 2% mentioned self-harm/suicidality either attributed to or associated with their ED. 28% of discussants reported seeing a health care professional for ED, and 20% attempted abstinence from pornography/masturbation as a self-prescribed intervention. CONCLUSION Social media platforms like Reddit empower young men to discuss ED concerns. Fewer than one-third reported seeing a doctor for ED, suggesting that men turn to peers on the internet first, despite risk of misinformation. A majority attributed symptoms to psychological etiologies and excess pornography/masturbation. Depression, self-harm, and suicide emerged as potent concerns. These data underscore the importance of engaging proactively with young men, both in the consultation room and online.
Three-Dimensional Analysis of a Simulated Prebiotic Hydrothermal Chimney

Chemical gardens, which form self-assembling inorganic membrane structures, are important for a variety of applications, including simulating hydrothermal vent chimneys that may have provided an en...
ASSISTments Longitudinal Data Mining Competition Special Issue: A Preface

This special issue includes papers from some of the leading competitors in the ASSISTments Longitudinal Data Mining Competition 2017, as well as some research from non-competitors, using the same data set. In this competition, participants attempted to predict whether students would choose a career in a STEM field or not, making this prediction using a click-stream dataset from middle school students working on math assignments inside ASSISTments, an online tutoring platform. At the conclusion of the competition on December 3rd, 2017, there were 202 participants, 74 of whom submitted predictions at least once. In this special issue, some of the leading competitors present their results and what they have learned about the link between behavior in online learning and future STEM career development.
Implications of Methodological Advances for the Practice of Personnel Selection: How Practitioners Benefit from Meta-Analysis

We discuss how meta-analysis, a method for synthesizing research findings, can meaningfully impact personnel selection practices. Specifically, we review important changes in professional and legal practices from the past 30 years resulting from meta-analytic findings. The implications of using meta-analysis methods for evaluating utilities of selection procedures and for assessing relative predictive capabilities of three popular selection tools (general mental ability tests, personality tests, and structured interviews) are further discussed. Based on these implications, we propose that meta-analysis can play an important role in bridging the gap between academic research and organizational practices.
Medialization Laryngoplasty: A Review for Speech-Language Pathologists

Purpose The purpose of this study is to familiarize speech-language-pathologists with the current state of the science regarding medialization laryngoplasty in the treatment of voice disorders, with emphasis on current evidence-based practice, voice outcomes, and future directions for research. Method A literature review was performed in PubMed and Embase using the keywords vocal fold/cord and laryngoplasty, thyroplasty, augmentation, or laryngeal framework. Articles published between 2010 and 2020 were reviewed for data about clinical applications, technical approach, voice-related outcomes, and basic science or clinical innovations with the potential to improve patient care. A synthesis of data was performed from articles meeting the outlined search criteria. Conclusions As key members in the multidisciplinary care of voice disorders, speech-language pathologists need to be informed of current research in medialization laryngoplasty, a procedure commonly used for patients with glottic insufficiency. Advances in anesthetic technique, office-based procedures, and the development of materials with increased bio-tolerability over the past decade have led to innovations in treatment and improved patient outcomes. Recent applications of computational and bioengineering approaches have the potential to provide new directions in the refinement of currently available techniques and the improvement of patient-based treatment outcomes.
I'm not positive that's a positive:

Diagnosis is central to the function of the medical professions, and yet, making a diagnosis is as much art as science. There are many sources of error that result in the wrong diagnosis, including lack of knowledge, our cognitive biases, and the inevitable use of imperfect tests. Strategic use of diagnostic tests can aid the diagnostic process and make the veterinary practitioner invaluable to their clients. Unfortunately, failure to understand cognitive error, causal logic, and the concepts of diagnostic interpretation have led many clinicians down preventable paths of incorrect diagnoses and inappropriate treatment decisions. Poor diagnostic strategies, especially when applied to population-based decision making, can lead to devastating and costly errors. Blindly following a diagnostic formula is not a substitute for clinical judgment, but neither is clinical judgment sufficient in the absence of critical thought. Quantitative assessment of the predictive value of a diagnostic plan complements clinical judgment to enhance the decision-making process. Diagnostic testing, in the hands of a clinician with an appreciation for physical examination and history taking, aware of their own cognitive biases, and understanding of the importance of the predictive value of the test, becomes a powerful tool for helping clients improve the health of their cattle.
Integral Action Model Predictive Control with Actuator Fault Estimation

This paper develops a novel model predictive control (MPC) formulation for fixed wing aircraft with state and fault estimation. The primary contribution of this study is integrating an observer based method for simultaneous state and fault estimation with a standard MPC algorithm to accurately detect randomly occurring faults within the system inputs (actuators). The actuator faults are modeled as Loss Of Effectiveness (LOE). As this model predictive control algorithm is based on a delta-input formulation, the closed-loop system in both fault-free and fault conditions is stable, thus eliminating the need for the time consuming reconfiguration of the internal MPC model. The secondary contribution of this study is the application of this modified MPC scheme to detect actuator faults during flight control of fixed wing aircraft, verified through numerical simulations.
MathMap: Supporting Exploratory Problem Solving with Algebra

Tools that support problem-solving in mathematics tend to focus on reaching a solution directly. In practice, it is common to go down paths that do not obviously lead to the solution. This part of the process should be reflected in the tools students use to help them better learn problem-solving strategies. MathMap is an application designed to help high-school students learn how to solve algebraic problems by encouraging them to use multiple strategies, maintain the history of previous attempts, and allows them to meaningfully compare methods with other students.
Global Behavioral Compliance

This chapter assesses the current state of behavioral compliance, expressing support for the behavioral approach but arguing that some of the enthusiasm for it as producing a great step forward in the efficacy of corporate compliance is unrealistic. Though findings have contributed to a better sense of “what works” in compliance, this is slow-going, and the behavioral insights often seem to do better at helping understand why compliance sometimes fails—notwithstanding the significant resources directed toward that task—than establishing a clear roadmap toward getting things right. The problem is that the academic roadmap requires what to businesspeople seem like radical changes in beliefs, cultures, and practices. This new gospel has won relatively few converts in the hyper-competitive global economy. In that sense, the embrace of behavioral compliance is half-hearted and incomplete. The chapter reviews the subject of behavioral compliance, its academic support, and the promise and pitfalls going forward of adopting a more nuanced view of human nature in the compliance setting.
Enhancing biological control of corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea and thrips through habitat management and inundative release of Trichogramma pretiosum in corn cropping systems

Abstract Conservation-(habitat management) and augmentative biological control (field releases of natural enemies) are important pest biological control methods in agricultural systems. When these methods are employed at a critical stage of the crop and pest phenology, they can be effective and economically viable to suppress the target pest below its economic threshold. Field experiments consisting three treatments: (1) corn intercropped with sunn hemp (habitat management: conservation biological control), (2) corn monoculture with release of Trichogramma pretiosum (inundative biological control), and (3) corn monoculture as a control were conducted. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of (I) conservation- and inundative biological control (biocontrol-enhanced treatments) with corn monoculture in terms of improving parasitism of Helicoverpa zea eggs by T. pretiosum, (II) conservation biological control with corn monoculture on predation of H. zea eggs and thrips by Orius spp. Results showed parasitism of H. zea eggs on corn silks was greater in the biocontrol-enhanced treatments compared to the monoculture control, and was greater in the T. pretiosum released treatment compared to the habitat management. Abundance of Orius spp. in relation to prey availability was greater in the habitat management treatment compared to the monoculture control. Proportion of corn ears damaged in Trichogramma release plots was lower than other treatments. These results suggest that inundative release of T. pretiosum is a potentially more viable management tool for H. zea control in corn compared to the habitat management with sunn hemp as an intercrop.
Replication of bacteriophage M13: I. Sedimentation analysis of crude lysates of M13-infected bacteria

Velocity sedimentation at high ionic strength, of DNA released from M13-infected bacteria lysed under gentle conditions, provides a simple method for separating phage-specific DNA components from bacterial DNA. 1. 1. Components sedimenting at rates of 0.71 and 0.57 times that of viral single strands are identified as component I replicative form (RFI-DNA) and component II replicative form (RFII-DNA), respectively. 2. 2. The major phage DNA component early ( 45 min) the major phage DNA component is intracellular single strands. 3. 3. The source of intracellular single strands is a pool of free DNA molecules rather than progeny phage particles.
Torsional inchworm ultrasonic piezomotor combining continuous rotation with precise control over angular positions and high torque output

The paper describes a piezoelectric motor that combines the merits of piezoelectric materials, such as high power density generated at electromechanical resonance, and a precise control of displacement. The motor utilizes a direct coupling mechanism between the stator, which is based on the shear piezoelectric response, and rotor, where a clutch drives the rotor via locking it. The direct coupling makes it possible to transmit the whole power generated in the piezoelectric element to the rotor, and thus achieve the high efficiency of the motor. It also allows combining two regimes of operation: continuous rotation and a stepwise motion within a 360° interval with a high resolution of angular displacement.
Effects of Social Franchised Reproductive Health Services on Access to Care

The key social goals in health service provision are quality and accessibility to the poor. Social franchises are one mechanism to achieve both goals, but little is known about their performance. The objective of this paper is to compare the cost per each percentage point increase in the proportion of poor clients for social franchises as compared to government providers. The study uses data from the Carolina Population Center Alternative Business Models (CPC-ABM) Surveys conducted in Pakistan, Ethiopia and the Indian states of Bihar and Jharkhand. There were two rounds of data collection and three survey modules directed towards establishments, providers and clients of family planning facilities. Baseline interviews occurred in 2001 prior to phasing in social franchised systems. Follow up interviews occurred in 2004. Exit interviews and facility inspections provided measures of service quality. Client interviews provided measures of socioeconomic position of clients at each facility. In Ethiopia, India, and Pakistan the respective numbers of facilities enrolled in the study were: 369, 1297, and 993. We model costs as a function of the price of inputs and the quantity of outputs, focusing on 3 specific outputs: numbers of visits, quality of facilities, and percent of clinic attendances by patients in the lowest socioeconomic quintile. Difference in difference estimators are used to identify the effects of social franchising on a facility's efficiency in reaching the poor. Preliminary results show that franchised clinics can produce improved service quality at lower cost than private non-franchised.
The water dimer: Theory versus experiment

Abstract Equilibrium O…O separations ( r e ) and bond energies ( D e ) are calculated for the water dimer, with electron correlation included at the Moller—Plesset (MP2 or MP3) level. Inclusion of corrections for basis set superposition error allows the experimental data for r e and D e to be bracketed. The r e for the dimer is significantly larger than the mean O…O distance in liquid water.
Wanted: a public health approach to prescription opioid abuse and diversion.

In this issue, Paulozzi, Budnitz, and Xi of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention describe mortality data from the National Center for Health Statistics and retail sales of controlled substances from the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA). The authors attribute rising opioid analgesic mortality to their medical use and ‘‘aggressive’’ pain management. Although these findings add to the growing body of evidence that describes adverse health consequences associated with increased abuse of prescription pain medications, they do not explain how prescribing or pain management relate to mortality. Evidence of causal relationships would be necessary to determine that a particular drug or prescriptions for pain management caused a death. The media often picks up such analyses and the result is that complex underlying problems of abuse and addiction are attributed to prescription drugs and their prescribers. Unwittingly, publicity about simple associations can exacerbate fears of appropriate medical use of prescription drugs among pain patients and the public, trigger more drug control, and increase fears of regulatory scrutiny among legitimate pre-
Development of a Strain of Rabbits with Congenital Simple Nonsyndromic Coronal Suture Synostosis Part II: Somatic and Craniofacial Growth Patterns

In the March 1993 issue of The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal we reported a female rabbit born in our laboratory with complete bilateral coronal suture (CS) synostosis. This follow-up study presents our attempts to breed the animal and establish a strain of craniosynostotic rabbits. The second part of this study presents longitudinal somatic and craniofacial growth data in offspring with coronal suture synostosis. Serial growth data from 72 animals were collected for the present study. The sample consisted of 11 animals (10 offspring and the original female) with complete nonsyndromic unilateral (plagiocephalic) or bilateral (brachycephalic) CS synostosis, 19 animals with partial CS synostosis, and 42 unaffected control litter mates. At 10 days of age, all animals had radiopaque amalgam markers placed on either side of the frontonasal, coronal, anterior lambdoidal, and sagittal sutures. Body weights and serial lateral and dorsoventral head radiographs were taken at 1.5 (10 days), 6, 12, and 18 weeks of age. All animals showed similar body weights at 1.5 weeks of age, while completely synostosed animals exhibited a slight (about 12%), but significantly (p < .001) lowered body weight by 18 weeks of age. Results revealed that by 1.5 weeks of age the completely synostosed animals already exhibited brachycephalic cranial vaults, midfacial hypoplasia, and increased flattening of the cranial base compared to unaffected siblings. This pattern continued through 18 weeks of age, with the partially synostosed animals exhibiting intermediate morphologies.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The effect of the spatial nonlocality of the Kirkwood g-factor on the determination of the long wavelength dielectric functions in dipolar fluids

The Kirkwood g-factor that determines the long wavelength dielectric constant of a simple, isotropic, translationally invariant dipolar fluid is given by an integral of a dipole-dipole correlation function over a spherical region of a nonzero radius R(K) chosen such that any further increase in the radius leads to no change in the value of the integral, thereby defining a Kirkwood correlation length R(K). For radii less than the correlation length the integral defines a radius dependent (nonlocal) Kirkwood g-factor, implying a nonlocal dielectric function. The nonlocal nature of these quantities has important consequences for the determination of the long wavelength dielectric function from dipole fluctuations via the Kirkwood-Frohlich connection. The dipole-dipole correlation function (the volume dipole auto-correlation function) commonly used in this determination involves particles residing solely within a sphere of radius R, unlike the correct correlation function which involves either a single particle with those particles in a spherical volume of radius R(K) or those particles in a spherical volume of radius R with those residing within a spherical volume of radius R+R(K). A procedure is suggested for extracting the infinite system dipole-dipole correlation function from results of simulations performed on finite spherical samples. Using some results reported in the recent literature, relative to the accurate correlation function the commonly used correlation function ranges from 27% too small for a sphere having a radius comparable to the Kirkwood correlation length to 4% too small at a radius of seven times that correlation length. As a result, the apparent dielectric constants, as determined by the conventional procedure of using the fluctuations of the sum of dipoles in a finite fixed volume, are also too small. This suggests that a dielectric constant extracted from computer simulations using a total dipole-total dipole correlation function in a given volume with other geometries and/or boundary conditions will result in similar errors.
Analyzing change in spatial data by utilizing polygon models

Analyzing change in spatial data is critical for many applications including developing early warning systems that monitor environmental conditions, epidemiology, crime monitoring, and automatic surveillance. In this paper, we present a framework for the detection and analysis of patterns of change; the framework analyzes change by comparing sets of polygons. A contour clustering algorithm is utilized to obtain polygon models from spatial datasets. A set of change predicates is introduced to analyze changes between different models which capture various types of changes, such as novel concepts, concept drift, and concept disappearance. We evaluate our framework in case studies that center on ozone pollution monitoring, and on diagnosing glaucoma from visual field analysis.
TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT DEVELOPMENT OF ANAGYRUS PSEUDOCOCCI (HYMENOPTERA: ENCYRTIDAE) AS A PARASITOID OF THE VINE MEALYBUG, PLANOCOCCUS FICUS (HOMOPTERA: PSEUDOCOCCIDAE)

Abstract The influence of temperature on Anagyrus pseudococci (Girault) development and overwintering was investigated to improve biological control of the vine mealybug, Planococcus ficus (Signoret), in California vineyards. At a constant 32 °C, egg development required 2 days, larval development ranged from 0.7 ± 0.1 (second instar) to 1.9 ± 0.1 (fifth instar) days, and pupal development was 3.9 ± 0.1 days. Under eight constant temperatures (12, 14, 17, 22, 27, 32, 34, and 36 °C), A. pseudococci completed development (egg to adult eclosion) from 14 to 34 °C. Development times ranged from 79.1 ± 1.0 days (14 °C) to 10.2 ± 0.3 days (34 °C). We determined optimal, maximum and minimum development temperatures to be 24.7, 36.0 and 11.6 °C, respectively, and the thermal constant is 223.5 degree-days. We compared these laboratory-derived temperature relationships to A. pseudococci field-monitored populations from March through November. Laboratory-data suggests there are seven to eight A. pseudococci generations during this period, two generations to each vine mealybug generation. Overwintering studies show that A. pseudococci emergence was concentrated over a 15 day period in early May, regardless of when vine mealybugs were exposed (October 2001 to March 2002). Results suggest that cues other than temperature are used to synchronize overwintered A. pseudococci adult emergence with field availability of vine mealybug.
Dispersion Relation for Nonrelativistic Potential Scattering

A new dispersion relation for nonrelativistic potential scattering, when the potential has a finite extent, is derived by completing the contour of integration along a semicircle of infinite radius in the lower half of the complex $\ensuremath{\lambda}$ plane ($\mathrm{Re}\ensuremath{\lambda}=k$). The residue terms then explicitly exhibit the contributions from virtual states and radioactive decaying states. Resemblance between the residue term arising from a radioactive decaying state and the Breit-Wigner resonance formula is noted and the Breit-Wigner formula is shown to follow correctly from the analytic properties of the $S$ matrix.