cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Antigens encoded by the 3'-terminal region of human T-cell leukemia virus: evidence for a functional gene

Antibodies in sera from patients with adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma or from healthy carriers of type I human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV) recognize an antigen of approximately 42 kilodaltons (p42) in cell lines infected with HTLV-I. Radiolabel sequence analysis of cyanogen bromide fragments of p42 led to the conclusion that this antigen is encoded in part by LOR, a conserved portion of the "X" region that is flanked by the envelope gene and the 3' long terminal repeat of HTLV-I. It is possible that this novel product mediates the unique transformation properties of the HTLV family.
A unique insert of leucyl-tRNA synthetase is required for aminoacylation and not amino acid editing

Leucyl-tRNA synthetase (LeuRS) is a class I enzyme, which houses its aminoacylation active site in a canonical core that is defined by a Rossmann nucleotide binding fold. In addition, many LeuRSs bear a unique polypeptide insert comprised of about 50 amino acids located just upstream of the conserved KMSKS sequence. The role of this leucine-specific domain (LS-domain) remains undefined. We hypothesized that this domain may be important for substrate recognition in aminoacylation and/or amino acid editing. We carried out a series of deletion mutations and chimeric swaps within the leucine-specific domain of Escherichia coli. Our results support that the leucine-specific domain is critical for aminoacylation but not required for editing activity. Kinetic analysis determined that deletion of the LS-domain primarily impacts k cat . Because of its proximity to the aminoacylation active site, we propose that this domain interacts with the tRNA during amino acid activation and/or tRNA aminoacylation. Although the leucine-specific domain does not appear to be important to the editing complex, it remains possible that it aids the dynamic translocation process that moves tRNA from the aminoacylation to the editing complex.
Nickel desorption kinetics from hydrous ferric oxide in the presence of EDTA

Abstract Introducing 10 μM EDTA to a system of nickel adsorbed to hydrous ferric oxide (HFO) at pH 8 promoted desorption of Ni as well as dissolution of HFO. By monitoring changes in the solution concentrations of Ni and Fe after the introduction of EDTA, it was possible to discern the important processes controlling Ni desorption. This study focused on the effect of the Ni concentration while all other variables were held constant. Under these conditions, Ni desorption and HFO dissolution occurred over two time domains. The first time domain was short ( 0.25 h), Ni desorption was slower and the solution Fe concentration did not increase measurably over an 8 h period. The rates of the observed processes were dependent on the Ni surface concentration, and were attributed to weakly bound surface species in the first time domain, and involved more strongly bound surface species in the second time domain. In the first time domain, increases in the surface concentration increased the Ni desorption rate and decreased the HFO dissolution rate for all surface concentrations studied. The Ni desorption rate in the second time domains also increased linearly with Ni surface concentration, but at surface concentrations >3.2 mmol Ni per mol Fe the Ni desorption rate began to approach a maximum value. At total Ni concentrations ⩾40μM, decreases in the solution Fe concentration were observed in the second time domain, and was attributed to metal exchange. This process may become rate limiting at long equilibration times.
Atmospheric oxygen and the volcanic gases

Many factors have played a part in the economy of atmospheric oxygen. The green plants, as is well known, take in carbon dioxide and water and under the action of sunlight and in the presence of chlorophyll manufacture and release oxygen. Meteors have temperatures of 2,500°C and above. The water-vapor in the upper atmosphere is therefore partially decomposed into hydrogen and oxygen by impact with meteors. If the upper atmosphere has the high temperatures assigned to it by Martyn (1,000°C) hydrogen will readily escape and oxygen will be added. These high upper-atmospheric temperatures may in themselves be high enough to partially decompose the water-vapor present and allow the hydrogen to escape. The stony meteorites contain approximately 36 per cent of oxygen. Spectroscopic analysis of meteors indicates that they vaporize into their constituent elements. These elements later recombine not only with themselves but also with the constituents of the atmosphere. It may be that in the recombination some oxygen is added to the atmosphere. There is a possibility that a very small amount of water-vapor is dissociated in the upper atmosphere by means of particles and radiation emitted from the Sun and other heavenly bodies. Escape of the hydrogen adds oxygen to the atmosphere. During thunderstorms electrical discharges cause a series of chemical reactions which affect the net amount of oxygen in the atmosphere.
A Multifunctional Interface Method for Coupling Finite Element and Finite Difference Methods: Two-Dimensional Scalar-Field Problems

A multifunctional interface method with capabilities for variable-fidelity modeling and multiple method analysis is presented. The methodology provides an effective capability by which domains with diverse idealizations can be modeled independently to exploit the advantages of one approach over another. The multifunctional method is used to couple independently discretized subdomains, and it is used to couple the finite element and the finite difference methods. The method is based on a weighted residual variational method and is presented for two-dimensional scalar-field problems. A verification test problem and a benchmark application are presented, and the computational implications are discussed.
Pulmonary hypoplasia in chondrodystrophic mice

Lungs of day-18 fetal mice with hereditary chondrodysplasia (cho) were examined histologically and biochemically for pulmonary hypoplasia. Compared with normal littermate controls, the mutant's lungs were smaller by 37 (wet weight) and 22% (dry weight). Total DNA and protein per whole lung were decreased by 13 and 19%, respectively. The significantly smaller-than-normal terminal sacs observed in histological sections of the mutant's lungs corresponded with the greater difference (37%) in lung wet weight. The developmental mechanism for this disorder was further explored by examining the volumes of thoracic cavity and amniotic fluid. the volume of the thoracic cavity of newborn mutants was less than half that of controls, suggesting that the pathogenetic mechanism for the hypoplastic lungs in chondrodysplastic mice includes thoracic dystrophy. Measurement of the amniotic fluid volume revealed polyhydramnios in the mutant, thereby ruling out oligohydramnios as a mechanism. The relevance of this study to human pulmonary hypoplasia in short-limb chondrodystrophy is discussed.
Mercury sampling of open ocean waters at the picomolar level

Severe mercury contamination (30 times ambient levels) was observed in open ocean seawater samples collected at depth using a tested polyvinyl chloride (PVC) sampler in a classical hydrographic manner. Consistently smaller Hg concentrations (0.4 to 2.0 ng l−1) were obtained with an improvised technique using synthetic line suspended below the metal hydrographic cable; results agreed favorably with collections of the mixed layer obtained by hand and with samples collected at depth using the Schaule-Patterson sampler. These observations and additional tests with a synthetic hydrowire indicate that reactive Hg concentrations in the open ocean are, for the most part, considerably less than previously reported. While Hg distributions in the open ocean display no distinctive water column features, higher concentrations were observed in the northwest Atlantic Ocean (∼1.0 ng l−1) compared to the North Pacific (∼0.35 ng l−1). First-order geochemical modelling predicts a short (∼500 y) oceanic residence time for Hg, indicating that it may follow pathways in the oceans analogous to other very reactive elements, such as lead and manganese.
Counting orbits of a product of permutations

Abstract A formula is derived for the number of orbits of a product of permutation in terms of the number of orbits of the factors and the nullity of a matrix.
Oil spill, August 1944: the CULA expedition and the North Slope Inupiat

An oil spill that occurred on 21 August 1944 near the Inupiat village of Barrow on Alaska's North Slope provides the focus for a brief history of activity in the face of extreme conditions and the evolving relationship of US Navy personnel and Inupiat natives of the region. The emotional recollections of an Inupiat elder are contrasted with the growing respect of the navy personnel for the Inupiat. The economic and social effects of oil explorations towards the end of World War II and the early post-war years are briefly discussed. These events form a part of the socio-economic background of current and proposed arctic oil development.
Far field millimeter-wave imaging via optical upconversion

Millimeter-wave imaging has the unique potential to penetrate through poor weather and atmospheric conditions and create a high-resolution image. In pursuit of this goal, we have implemented a far-field imaging system that is based on optical upconversion techniques. Our imaging system is passive, in which all native blackbody radiation that is emitted from the object being scanned is detected by a Cassegrain antenna on a rotating gimbal mount. The signal received by the Cassegrain is passed to an optical modulator which transfers the radiation onto sidebands of a near-infrared optical carrier frequency. The signal is then passed to a low-frequency photodetector that converts remaining sideband energy to a photocurrent. Even though optical upconversion can produce loss, our system demonstrates low noise equivalent powers (NEP) due to the low-noise of the photodetection process. Herein, we present our experimental results and images obtained by using the far-field scanning system, which was assembled with commercially available components. In addition, we detail efforts to increase the resolution of the image and to compact the imaging system as a whole.
973-111 Improved Exercise Performance by Long-term Enalapril Treatment in Patients with First Anterior Myocardial Infarction: An One Year Follow-up Study

Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) therapy after MI reduces ventricular remodeling and improves survival. However, it is unclear whether exercise tolerance is enhanced by ACEI treatment commenced early after MI and continued long-term in an asymptomatic group of patients with acute MI. We studied 64 consecutive patients with first, Q-wave, and uncomplicated anterior MI. All received thrombolytic treatment with streptokinase and standard therapy. Patients were randomized to placebo (P. n = 22) or enalapril (E, n = 44) treatment for 1 yr. Symptom-limited treadmill exercise was done at months 1, 6 and 12 using a modified Naughton protocol. Both treatment groups were comparable, with a baseline EF of 38.2 ± 3 in the P group and 37.4 ± 2 in the E group. Average time to study randomization was 30 hrs. and 29 hrs. in the P and E groups after MI, respectively. Results mean ± SD. DP = Double Product 1m 6m 12m p(E vs. P) Duration (sec) P 707.7 ± 23 814.8 ± 28 852.0 ± 26 P l 0.001 E 735.3 ± 22 986.9 ± 26 1192.9 ± 25 at 6a 12 months Peak DP P 254.5 ± 12 275.3 ± 14 258.7 ± 19 E 237.1 ± 19 245.2 ± 18 260.7 ± 14 P = NS Peak V0 2 was also significantly better in the E group at 6 m and 12 m. Thus, despite similar peak DP and exercise duration at 1 m, the enalapril group manifested better exercise competence at 6 m and 12 m. We conclude that enalapril therapy in asymptomatic patients after anterior MI is associated with greater long-term exercise capacity.
MOLECULAR ANALYSIS OF COLLAGENS IN BLADDER FIBROSIS

AbstractPurpose: Fibrosis of bladder tissue is characterized by an abnormal deposition of connective tissue within different layers of the bladder wall, resulting in a low volume, high pressure vesical which may ultimately contribute to renal scarring and failure. These bladders are functionally referred to as "non-compliant" and may result from different etiologies: neurogenic, which encompasses myelodysplasia and spinal cord injury, or non-neurogenic, owing to obstruction or radiation therapy. To examine the molecular mechanisms responsible for this fibrosis, we have analyzed a well-characterized pediatric patient population for alteration(s) in collagen types I and III regulation at the protein and nucleic acid levels.Materials and Methods: Immunohistochemical localization of collagen subtypes (I, III, and IV) was carried out using type specific monoclonal antibodies. Total collagen was determined by hydroxyproline analysis, and subtype specific expression of collagenous proteins, following cyanogen br...
Electric Field Tuning of the Rashba Effect in the Polar Perovskite Structures

We show that the Rashba effect at the polar perovskite surfaces and interfaces can be tuned by manipulating the two-dimensional electron gas by an applied electric field, using it to draw the two-dimensional electron gas out to the surface or push it deeper into the bulk, thereby controlling the surface-sensitive phenomenon. These ideas are illustrated by a comprehensive density-functional study of the recently discovered polar ${\mathrm{KTaO}}_{3}$ surface. Analytical results obtained with a tight-binding model unravel the interplay between the various factors affecting the Rashba effect such as the strengths of the spin-orbit interaction and the surface-induced asymmetry. Our work helps interpret the recent experiments on the ${\mathrm{KTaO}}_{3}$ surface as well as the ${\mathrm{SrTiO}}_{3}/{\mathrm{LaAlO}}_{3}$ interface.
Inhibition by Trypanosoma cruzi of interferon-gamma production by mitogen-stimulated mouse spleen cells.

Abstract Infection by Trypanosoma cruzi is accompanied by severe immunosuppression during the acute period. As part of our studies, to define the alterations caused by Trypanosoma cruzi in lymphocyte function, we examined in this work the interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)-producing capacity of mitogen-stimulated mouse spleen and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in the presence or absence of blood forms of the parasite. Co-culture of phytohaemagglutinin- or concanavalin A-stimulated spleen cells from normal mice with T. cruzi significantly decreased the levels of IFN-γ activity found in the supematants at 48 or 72 h. In contrast, human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, though suppressed by T. cruzi in their capacity to proliferate upon mitogenic stimulation, showed no significant decrease in IFN-γ production. The addition of exogenous IFN-γ did not reverse the suppressive effect of T. cruzi on either mouse or human cells. These results revealed, for the first time, the ability of T. cruzi to impair IFN-γ production by activated mouse lymphocytes. The lack of restoration by exogenous IFN-γ suggested that the reduced levels of this lymphokine were not, at least by themselves, the causative factor of reduced lymphoproliferation.
Multiperipheral predictions for charge-transfer and prong cross sections

The relation between the charge transfer between hemispheres and the decrease of the $n$-prong cross section with energy is examined in several multiperipheral models and compared to preliminary experimental data. The data for charge transfer shows about equal amounts of neutral and charge transfer. Certain isospin-conserving models (the $A$ and $I$ models) fail to predict this, while other more general models simplify at this symmetry point. One of these new isospin models appears to be realistic.
Application of the aquifer's average characteristics for determining the onset of thermohaline convection in a heterogeneous aquifer

Abstract Due to layered deposition of sedimentary rocks, the aquifer's characteristics usually vary with the depth. Such variations are mainly significant in thick aquifers. The variable characteristics cause the aquifer to be heterogeneous. The basic equations used for the simulation of transport phenomena in the heterogeneous aquifer are nonlinear. Therefore, simulation of thermohaline convection in such a stratum requires complicated mathematical models. The present study considers the application of the aquifer's average characteristic method for such a simulation. According to this method, the model considers constant average characteristics of the aquifer, instead of considering variable local characteristics of the saturated porous medium. Such an approach considerably simplifies the calculations. The study verifies the applicability of the method for the predictions concerning diffusive thermohaline convection in a heterogeneous aquifer. On this basis the study presents an analysis of important features of dispersive thermohaline convection in a heterogeneous aquifer by applying the method of the aquifer's average characteristics.
Evaluation of the effect of liquid-surface adsorption on enthalpies of solution determined using gas-liquid chromatography

Abstract Enthalpies of solution of n-hexane, carbon tetrachloride, benzene, and acetone in benzylacetone at 298.15°K were obtained using gas-liquid chromatography. Results for the first three solutes were compared with values based on calorimetric heats of mixing at infinite dilution, and discrepancies were observed whose magnitudes correlate qualitatively with the infinite dilution Raoult's law activity coefficients of the solutes in question. The discrepancies are believed to be the result of significant contributions from liquid-surface adsorption to the observed retention volumes. In the worst case (hexane), the error in the derived enthalpy is 0.3 kcal/mol.
Aminophylline increases cerebral metabolic rate and decreases anoxic survival in young mice

In weanling mice treated with pharmacologic doses of aminophylline, the concentrations of adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate and guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate in the brain increased 44 and 36 percent, respectively, and the cerebral metabolic rate was three times that in controls. In neonatal mice, therapeutic doses of aminophylline greatly decreased the rate of anoxic survival in vivo and the duration of gasping of the isolated head. The findings suggest caution in the use of this drug and other methylxanthines in hypoxic human newborns.
Optical and structural properties of NiMgO thin films formed by sol–gel spin coating

Abstract Ni 1−x Mg x O thin films across the full compositional range were formed by a low-cost sol–gel spin coating method. Optical transmission of the resultant films in the ultraviolet–visible spectral region increased to as high as 90% upon sintering, and X-ray diffraction verified an increase in crystallinity for sintering temperatures up to 1000 °C, with root mean square roughness below 1 nm when sintered between 600 and 800 °C. The lattice parameter of the rock salt Ni 1−x Mg x O films showed a linear shift with increased magnesium concentration, consistent with a Vegard's Law relationship between the two binaries. Optical energy gaps from 3.6 to > 6.5 eV were realized by adjusting the composition of the Ni 1−x Mg x O films, demonstrating the suitability of the ternary for optical devices in the UV-C spectral region.
A Comparison of Intrusion-Tolerant System Architectures

With the advancing sophistication of security attacks, protecting open systems is increasingly challenging. Intrusion tolerance should be part of overall in-depth security. This article compares three types of intrusion tolerant system architectures.
Buoyancy-induced Stokes flow in a wedge-shaped enclosure

Skew-symmetric flows are considered for wedge or opening angles of the sector in the range 0<α≤π. The basic structure and character of the motion depend critically upon the relative dominance, near the sector vertex, of the particular solution of the system with respect to the leading eigenfunction
DynaTune: circuit-level optimization for timing speculation considering dynamic path behavior

Traditional circuit design focuses on optimizing the static critical paths no matter how infrequently these paths are exercised dynamically. Circuit optimization is then tuned to the worst-case conditions to guarantee error-free computation but may also lead to very inefficient designs. Recently, there are processor works that over-clock the chip to achieve higher performance to the point where timing errors occur, and then error correction is performed either through circuit-level or microarchitecture-level techniques. This approach in general is referred to as Timing Speculation. In this paper, we propose a new circuit optimization technique "DynaTune" for timing speculation based on the dynamic behavior of a circuit. DynaTune optimizes the most dynamically critical gates of a circuit and improves the circuit's throughput under a fixed power budget. We test this proposed technique with two timing speculation schemes — Telescopic Unit (TU) and Razor Logic (RZ). Experimental results show that applying DynaTune on the Leon3 processor can increase the throughput of critical modules by up to 13% and 20% compared to the timing-speculative and non-timing-speculative results optimized by Synopsys Design Compiler, respectively. For MCNC benchmark circuits, DynaTune combined with TU can provide 9% and 20% throughput gains on average compared to timing-speculative and non-timing-speculative results optimized by Design Compiler. When combined with RZ, DynaTune can achieve 8% and 15% throughput gains on average for above experiments. Categories and Subject Descriptors B.6.3 [Hardware]: Design Aids — Optimization. General Terms Algorithms, Performance, Design, Experimentation
Perioperative management of the patient with pulmonary hypertension.

Patients with pulmonary hypertension are at increased risk for perioperative morbidity and mortality. Elective surgery is generally discouraged in this patient population; however, there are times ...
Modeling and Analysis of Metal Interconnect Resistance of Power IC's

The influence of metal interconnect resistance becomes increasingly critical as the power IC technology continues to advance. In this paper, we report a multilayer quasi-3D finite element analysis (FEA) approach to model the influence of metal interconnect resistance of power IC's. We have used this FEA tool to analyze and optimize a large number of metal interconnect designs. Three case studies will be reported in this paper: 1) optimization of single-layer metal interconnect design; 2) analysis of two-layer metal interconnect design, and 3) novel three-layer metal interconnect designs. The modeling results are compared to measured device data for model validation. Reasonable agreement was observed. Design guidelines were generated based on the modeling results.
A simple four-port parasitic deembedding methodology for high-frequency scattering parameter and noise characterization of SiGe HBTs

A new four-port scattering parameter (S-parameter) and broad-band noise deembedding methodology is presented. This deembedding technique considers distributed on-wafer parasitics in the millimeter-wave band (f>30GHz). The procedure is based on simple analytical calculations and requires no equivalent circuit modeling or electromagnetic simulations. Detailed four-port system analysis and deembedding expressions are derived. Comparisons between this new method and the industry-standard "open-short" method were made using measured and simulated data on state-of-the-art SiGe HBTs with a maximum cutoff frequency of approximately 180 GHz. The comparison demonstrates that better accuracy is achieved using this new four-port method. Based on a combination of measurements and HP-ADS simulations, we also show that this new technique can be used to accurately extract the S-parameters and broad-band noise characteristics to frequencies above 100 GHz.
Do air traffic flow problems interact-a preliminary analysis

Whether multiple, coincident traffic flow management (TFM) problems interact, i.e., whether unanticipated combination effects arise when multiple problems occur simultaneously, is investigated. The National Airspace System Performance Analysis Capability (NASPAC) simulation model is used. For the cases examined, it is observed (in the context of simulation modeling) that delays due to TFM congestion problems propagate through the system, but that the interaction effects of multiple problems are basically nil. >
Application of VCSEL's to a range of bioengineering assays

Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSEL) have been used for variety of applications including data storage, data readout, detection, and optical interconnects. Here, we present the application of VCSELs for manipulation and sorting of live cells.
The NIAAA BSN Nursing Education Curriculum: A Rationale and Overview

Since the 1980s, nurse educators have directly acknowledged the need for alcohol and health content in undergraduate nursing curricula (e.g., Church, 1995; Hoffman & Heinemann, 1987; Murphy, 1989)....
The Use of Laser Backscatter Instrumentation for the on-line measurement of the particle size distribution of emulsions

The response of the Partec laser backscatter particle size analyzer has been tested under a variety of conditions. Various materials posessing different light scattering characteristics have been examined and the response of the Partec instrument has been evaluated. In particular the system response to transparent particle systems (e.g. oil in water emulsions) tas been studied. It has been found that the Partec laser backscatter instrument provides reasonably accurate and reproducible results when used to characterize opaque, highly reflective particles such as hydrated alumina, but suffers from a lack of sensitivity to fine transparent particles such as oil droplets. The instrument does, however, readily detect the presence of opaque particle contaminants in oil-water emulsions.
PixNet: LCD-camera pairs as communication links

Given the abundance of cameras and LCDs in today's environment, there exists an untapped opportunity for using these devices for communication. Specifically, cameras can tune to nearby LCDs and use them for network access. The key feature of these LCD-camera links is that they are highly directional and hence enable a form of interference-free wireless communication. This makes them an attractive technology for dense, high contention scenarios. The main challenge, however, to enable such LCD-camera links is to maximize coverage, that is to deliver multiple Mb/s over multi-meter distances, independent of the view angle. To do so, these links need to address unique types of channel distortions, such as perspective distortion and blur.In this demo, we show how these LCD-camera links can be used to wirelessly transmit information. We present PixNet, an LCD-camera communication system. PixNet generalizes the popular OFDM transmission algorithms to address the unique properties of the LCD-camera link, including perspective distortion and blur. We have built a prototype of PixNet using off-the-shelf LCDs and cameras. In our demo, we will show our prototype communicating data from an LCD to a camera-equipped PC, over multi-meter distances and wide viewing angles.
Do We Know the Correct Hemoglobin Target for Anemic Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease

The major objectives of this article are to review hemoglobin outcome studies, focusing on the utility of purely observational approaches; the design limitations of hemoglobin target randomized trials; what is known from the trials that have been performed to date; and whether confident recommendations for target ranges can be made. The commonly observed association among lower hemoglobin levels, left ventricular hypertrophy, and higher mortality also has been seen within randomized trials when assigned hemoglobin targets were ignored; critically, however, corresponding relationships were absent when intention-to-treat principles were used, strongly suggesting noncausal associations and the need for randomized designs. This being said, hemoglobin typical target trials often have undesirable features, including inadequate blinding and the use of imbalanced, nonstandardized, nonblinded co-interventions. The trials published to date, spanning hemoglobin levels of approximately 7 to 13 g/dl, suggest that higher treatment targets enhance quality of life but at the price of higher BP, thrombotic events, and reduced dialysis adequacy in hemodialysis patients. To date, there is no convincing evidence that targets that approach the physiologic range (versus intermediate targets) have an effect on left ventricular size or survival. Therefore, depending on the outcome examined, higher hemoglobin levels may have beneficial effects, harmful effects, or no effect, leading to the unsatisfactory situation of having to make opinion-based tradeoff decisions. Whereas the available evidence suggests that 11 g/dl is a reasonable lower bound for the hemoglobin target range, the upper bound remains to be defined and targets above 13 g/dl cannot be routinely recommended.
The rough ground of translation and bilingual writing in Arun Kolatkar's Jejuri

Abstract This essay is about the bilingual poetry of Arun Kolatkar (in Marathi and English), specifically about his book, Jejuri, published in two languages and bookending the career of the poet 34 years apart, from the publication of the English book of poems in 1976 to the posthumous publication of the Marathi Jejuri in 2010. It studies how a creative impulse can be said to relate to linguisticity as a faculty or endowment, independent of the language(s) in which it finds embodiment and realisation. The article raises questions about the concept of simple translation and demonstrates the complex variants in this hold-all term that deny any possibility of straightforward transfer of meaning from language A to language B in such a bilingual creative process.
Cation and Protein Composition of Ovarian Follicular Fluid of the Pig: Relation to Follicle Size

Follicular fluid was collected from dissected as well as undissected follicles of the pig. Follicular fluid volume and ovarian follicle weight were highly correlated and this correlation was used to estimate follicular size of undissected follicles. Concentrations of sodium, potassium, calcium, and protein were measured in follicular fluids taken from various-sized ovarian follicles. Mean concentrations (mM) of the atoms in the follicular fluid were Na (128.4 ± 4.5), K (15.9 ± 0.08), and Ca (2.34 ± 0.04). Protein concentration in the follicular fluid was 65 mg/ml. Relative to previous reports of serum concentrations of these ions the follicular fluid was K rich and Na poor. Furthermore, the concentrations of the ions and protein remained stable over the range of follicle sizes analyzed, although all components were negatively correlated with increasing size of ovarian follicle. The largest follicles analyzed contained a concentration of K approximately one-half that seen in all other sized follicles. Regression analyses indicated that the decreased amounts of Ca and K were statistically significant. Removal of ovarian follicles from the ovary and subsequent incubation in phy’iological saline (9% NaCl) resulted in the loss of calcium ions from the follicular fluid. These data indicate that a major portion of follicle growth occurs without niarked alterations in the concentrations of the osmotically active atoms, Na and K. However, the elevated levels of K atoms in the follicular fluid may indicate that secretory mechanisms are involved in fluid accumulation. The significance of these results to the process of follicular fluid accumulation are discussed.
Application of chemometric methods in Raman spectroscopic studies of molten salt system containing MgCl2-KCl: Experimental evidence for existence of Mg2Cl dimer and its Raman spectrum†

Investigation of the Raman spectra of the molten MgCl2-KCl system by the use of factor analysis indicates that the melt is a two-component system involving equilibrium between MgCl and Mg2Cl. The pure Raman spectra corresponding to these two species are recovered from the broad features via a self-modeling method.
A GIS-Based Model to Determine Site Suitability of Emergency Evacuation Shelters

In recent years, the increase in the number of hurricanes and other costal hazards in the US pose a tremendous threat to the residents of coastal states. According to the National Hurricane Center, Florida is the most vulnerable coastal state to hurricanes. Mitigation policies have been formulated to reduce mortality and provide emergency services by evacuating people from the hazard zone. Many of these evacuees, particularly the elderly or lower income populations, rely on evacuation shelters for temporary housing. Because of the cost and limited use, evacuation shelters are almost exclusively dual use shelters where the primary purpose of the facility is for some other public function (e.g. school, hospital, etc.). In 2000, the estimated shortage of public shelter spaces in Florida was about 1.5 million. The purpose of this study was to rank the existing and candidate shelters (schools, colleges, churches and community centers) available in the state based on their site suitability. The research questions examined in this study include: (1) How many candidate shelters are located in physically suitable areas (e.g. not in a flood prone area, not near hazardous facilities, etc.)?; (2) How many existing shelters are located in physically unsuitable areas, but in socially suitable areas (situated in areas with demand)?; (3) How many alternative existing and/or candidate shelters with high/very high physical suitability are located near physically unsuitable existing shelters and thus, may be better choices for a shelter?; and (4) How many existing shelters located in physically unsuitable areas are not near alternative existing and/or candidate shelters? A Geographic Information System-based suitability model integrating Weighted Linear Combination (WLC) with a Pass/Fail screening technique was implemented for the 17 counties of Southern Florida. It was found that 48% of the existing shelters are located in
In Vivo Cross-Linking and Immunoprecipitation for Studying Dynamic Protein:DNA Associations in a Chromatin Environment

Chromatin structure plays important roles in regulating many DNA-templated processes, such as transcription, replication, and recombination. Considerable progress has recently been made in the identification of large, multisubunit complexes dedicated to these nuclear processes, all of which occur on nucleosomal templates. Mapping specific genomic loci relative to the position of selectively modified or unique histone variants or nonhistone components provides valuable insights into how these proteins (and their modifications) function in their normal chromatin context. Here we describe a versatile and high-resolution method which involves two basic steps: (1) in vivo formaldehyde cross-linking of intact cells followed by (2) selective immunoprecipitation of protein-DNA complexes with specific antibodies. This method allows for detailed analyses of protein-DNA interactions in a native chromatin environment. Recently, this technique has been successfully employed to map the boundaries of specifically modified (e.g., acetylated) histones along target genes, to define the cell cycle-regulated assembly of origin-dependent replication and centromere-specific complexes with remarkable precision, and to map the in vivo position of reasonably rare transcription factors on cognate DNA sites. Thus, the basic chromatin immunoprecipitation technique is remarkably versatile and has now been used in a wide range of cell types, including budding yeast, fly, and human cells. As such, it seems likely that many more studies, centered around chromatin structure and protein-DNA interactions in its native setting, will benefit from this technique. In this article, a brief review of the history of this powerful approach and a discussion of the basic method are provided. Procedures for protein recovery as well as limitations and extensions of the method are also presented.
Duplication images in vascular sonography

Objective. The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics and phenomena of duplication (or mirror) images in vascular sonography. Methods. We retrospectively reviewed 5 cases of vascular sonography that produced duplication images performed between June 30, 2009, and January 10, 2010. The 5 vascular studies included the subclavian artery (2), subclavian vein (1), carotid artery (1), and abdominal aorta (1). The characteristics of the color flow images and spectral Doppler waveforms in the artifactual vessels and in the true vessels were analyzed. Sources and mechanisms of producing duplication images were assessed. Results. We were able to generate color flows in the artifactual vessels that were the same as in the true vessels in 2 cases. However, we were able to generate images in which the apparent flow directions in the artifactual vessels differed from the actual flow observed in the true vessels in all 5 cases by changing the orientation of the ultrasound beam relative to the true flow and the reflecting surface. Conclusions. Duplication images result from mirror reflections producing multipath artifacts. The appearance of the flow in an artifactual vessel on color Doppler imaging strongly depends on the angle of the incident sound beam and the surface structure of the strong reflector relative to the flow in the true vessel. Alternating the scanning plane and the angle of the incident sound beam to the reflector may help distinguish a duplication artifact from a true vessel in ambiguous cases.
Delivery Of Accounting Information Systems Study Tools Through The Internet

This paper presents the Internet as an alternative mechanism for delivering Accounting Information Systems (AIS) study tools. First, a comparison between Internet and tradi-tional delivery methods, such as pencil and paper, disk and CD-ROM is presented. The main advantages of the Internet over the other delivery forms are increased flex-ibility and ease of distribution. Next, we present an Internet study tool that was devel-oped for students learning cardinalities, which is a difficult data modeling topic cov-ered in many AIS courses. We first look at the design of the study tool. Then, we dis-cuss some of the features of the study tool: interactivity, multimedia, distribution and flexibility. Finally, we report some of the lessons learned from the actual delivery of the AIS study tool through the Internet.
Suspended Solid-state Membranes on Glass Chips with Sub 1-pF Capacitance for Biomolecule Sensing Applications

Solid-state membranes are finding use in many applications in nanoelectronics and nanomedicine, from single molecule sensors to water filtration, and yet many of their electronics applications are limited by the relatively high current noise and low bandwidth stemming from the relatively high capacitance (>10 pF) of the membrane chips. To address this problem, we devised an integrated fabrication process to grow and define circular silicon nitride membranes on glass chips that successfully lower the chip capacitance to below 1 pF. We use these devices to demonstrate low-noise, high-bandwidth DNA translocation measurements. We also make use of this versatile, low-capacitance platform to suspend other thin, two-dimensional membrane such as graphene.
Legacy: Professor Slawomir Magala (Slawek)

Purpose – Professor Slawomir Magala is a full professor of Cross-Management at the Department of Organization and Personnel Management in Rotterdam School of Management (RSM), Erasmus University (RSM, 2015). His education stems from Poland, Germany and the USA, and has taught and conducted research in China, Egypt, Kazakhstan, Croatia, Estonia, the United Kingdom and Namibia. He is a former Chair for Cross-Cultural Management at RSM and has achieved many things, from being editor-in-chief of the Journal of Organizational Change Management (JOCM), to receiving the Erasmus Research Institute in Management (ERIM) Book Award (2010), for The Management of Meaning in Organizations (Routledge, 2009). It has received honors for being the best book in one of the domains of management research. It was selected by an academic committee, consisting of the Scientific Directors of CentER (Tilburg University), METEOR (University of Maastricht) and SOM (University of Groningen). All these research schools are accredited ...
The biology of aging, with particular reference to the musculoskeletal system.

A broad assessment of the current status of knowledge of biologic gerontology is presented. The extent to which the aging phenotype is due to primary aging processes, or to lifestyle, or to disease processes is discussed. Particular emphasis is placed on the aging of the musculoskeletal system. Both bone and skeletal muscle are discussed within the framework of our current knowledge of aging
Diffraction Scattering of Hadrons: The Theoretical Outlook

This is a review of the salient features of high energy diffraction scattering of hadrons. It begins with a summary of the experimental situation for those processes which persist at very high energies: the diffractive processess: and defines the underlying exchange mechanism called the Pomeron. A review is made of the key features of the multiperipheral model, since it lies at the beginning of all studies of diffraction. Its virtues and blemishes are exposed. Then we turn to various models which attempt to add unitarity to the multiperipheral model. From the point of view of the direct channel we consider absorptive models, eikonal models, and the multiperipheral bootstrap. The t channel is taken next, and an exposition of the formulation and major results of Reggeon field theory is given. (AIP)
Historiographies of the tradition of rhetoric: A brief history of classical funeral orations

This essay argues that the six surviving funeral orations from the classical Greek period should be understood as instances of laudatory discourse designed to fulfill the institutional function of glorifying the Athenian state. This perspective enables the critic to examine the changes this discourse underwent as the object of its glorification—the state‐changed. It also reveals the incompleteness of treatments by Kennedy and others that present funeral orations as essentially similar parts of a continuous tradition. This project demonstrates how history functions as interpretation and why rhetorical artifacts should be understood as functioning both to veil and to unveil the concrete operations of structures of domination.
Psychotherapy dropout : the influence of ethnic identity and stigma on early termination.

Although clients continue to drop out of psychotherapy, researchers have made few inroads into understanding the dropout phenomenon. Clinical studies have reported client dropout rates based on demographic factors (e.g., race, socioeconomic status, educational status). However, few studies have investigated the cultural correlates that may underlie these demographic factors and affect client termination. Furthermore, none have provided an empirically driven explanation as to why some clients drop out more often than others. In two studies, I explore dropout in two settings: a community mental health center and a university counseling center. Guided by current theory and research, I will examine the association between clients’ ethnic identity, the stigma they experience, and their decision to terminate therapy. Through logistic regression, I will seek to explore these cultural influences on the dropout process. It is expected that the study will contribute to current research and assist practitioners in preventing dropout.
Reply to Ziegler et al.: Electrorheological technology to make chocolate healthier and tastier

As noted by Ziegler, Hayes, and Lambert (1), most publications in food science are about food compositions and their related health effects. However, our paper (2) focuses on a new electrorheological (ER) technology, which works with all samples from major chocolate manufacturers in reducing chocolate’s viscosity and lowering the fat level. Ziegler et al. (1) agree that current chocolate products are healthy and tasty. Our technology does not change the composition of these chocolate samples, but reduces their viscosity and lowers the fat level, thus making them healthier and tastier. The title of our paper (2) simply illustrates this key point. We do not list the compositions of our tested chocolate … [↵][1]1To whom correspondence should be addressed. Email: rtao{at}temple.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Happy together: microbial communities that hook up to swap electrons

The discovery of direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET) and cable bacteria has demonstrated that microbial cells can exchange electrons over long distances (μm-cm) through electrical connections. For example, in the presence of cable bacteria electrons are rapidly transported over centimeter distances, coupling the oxidation of reduced sulfur compounds in anoxic sediments to oxygen reduction in overlying surficial sediments. Bacteria and archaea wired for DIET are found in anaerobic methane-producing and methane-consuming communities. Electrical connections between gut microbes and host cells have also been proposed. Iterative environmental and defined culture studies on methanogenic communities revealed the importance of electrically conductive pili and c-type cytochromes in natural electrical grids, and demonstrated that conductive carbon materials and magnetite can substitute for these biological connectors to facilitate DIET. This understanding has led to strategies to enhance and stabilize anaerobic digestion. Key unknowns warranting further investigation include elucidation of the archaeal electrical connections facilitating DIET-based methane production and consumption; and the mechanisms for long-range electron transfer through cable bacteria. A better understanding of mechanisms for cell-to-cell electron transfer could facilitate the hunt for additional electrically connected microbial communities with omics approaches and could advance spin-off applications such as the development of sustainable bioelectronics materials and bioelectrochemical technologies.
Is Outpatient Total Hip Arthroplasty Safe

Abstract Background Safety data for outpatient total hip arthroplasty (THA) remains scarce. Methods The present study retrospectively reviews prospectively collected data from the 2005-2014 American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Database. Patients who underwent THA were categorized by day of hospital discharge to be outpatient (length of stay [LOS] 0 days) or inpatient (LOS 1-5 days). Those with extended LOS beyond 5 days were excluded. To account for baseline nonrandom assignment between the study groups, propensity score matching was used. The propensity matched populations were then compared with multivariate Poisson regression to compare the relative risks of adverse events during the initial 30 postoperative days including readmission. Results A total of 63,844 THA patients were identified. Of these, 420 (0.66%) were performed as outpatients and 63,424 (99.34%) had LOS 1-5 days. Outpatients tended to be younger, male, and to have fewer comorbidities. After propensity score matching, outpatients had no difference in any of 18 adverse events evaluated other than blood transfusion, which was less for outpatients than those with a LOS of 1-5 days (3.69% vs 9.06%, P Conclusion After adjusting for potential confounders using propensity score matching and multivariate logistic regression, patients undergoing outpatient THA were not at greater risk of 30 days adverse events or readmission than those that were performed as inpatient procedures. Based on the general health outcome measures assessed, this data supports the notion that outpatient THA can appropriately be considered in appropriately selected patients.