cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Locomotor adaptation to resistance during treadmill training transfers to overground walking in human SCI

Treadmill training has been used as a promising technique to improve overground walking in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). Previous findings showed that a gait pattern may adapt to a force perturbation during treadmill training and show aftereffects following removal of the force perturbation. We hypothesized that aftereffects would transfer to overground walking to a greater extent when the force perturbation was resisting rather than assisting leg swing during treadmill training. Ten subjects with incomplete SCI were recruited into this study for two treadmill training sessions: one using swing resistance and the other using swing assistance during treadmill stepping. A controlled resistance/assistance was provided to the subjects’ right knee using a customized cable-driven robot. The subjects’ spatial and temporal parameters were recorded during the training. The same parameters during overground walking were also recorded before and after the training session using an instrumented walkway. Results indicated that stride length during treadmill stepping increased following the release of resistance load and the aftereffect transferred to overground walking. In contrast, stride length during treadmill stepping decreased following the release of assistance load, but the aftereffect did not transfer to overground walking. Providing swing resistance during treadmill training could enhance the active involvement of the subjects in the gait motor task, thereby aiding in the transfer to overground walking. Such a paradigm may be useful as an adjunct approach to improve the locomotor function in patients with incomplete SCI.
Abstract 4867: Whole transcript expression microarray profiling of normal colon and adenocarcinoma total RNA

Whole transcript expression profiling by microarray analysis is an important tool for understanding biological mechanisms and development, classifying tissue and tumor types, and identifying indicators for diagnosis and prognosis. This analysis measures the alternative splicing of exons from a given RNA transcript leading to the translation of a variety of proteins from a single RNA transcript. To address the need for whole transcriptome expression profiling from low quantities of total RNA, we have developed an exon expression workflow which includes custom and catalog human, mouse, and rat exon microarrays, a whole transcript labeling method, and analysis software. This fast and simple microarray-based method employs a modified linear amplification procedure to generate Cy-labeled cRNA representing the whole transcript. The labeling method, available in the Low Input Quick Amp Labeling WT Kit (LIQA WT), employs a mixture of oligo dT- and random nucleotide-based T7 promoter primers (WT Primer Mix) resulting in high cRNA yields and specific activities from low RNA inputs. The probes on the human, mouse, and rat SurePrint G3 exon microarrays were designed from the high quality content of the public databases, primarily RefSeq and Ensembl. Exon array results are analyzed for gene and exon-level expression using GeneSpring GX 11.5 software. The exon gene expression workflow allowed whole transcript gene expression profile comparisons to be made in fewer than two days. Comparisons of probe signals from technical replicate samples demonstrated high reproducibility with a wide dynamic range and comparable signals across a broad range of input amounts. High correlations were demonstrated in platform comparisons to both qRT-PCR and RNA-Seq. This new workflow was used to detect alternative splicing of exons between cancerous and normal cells resulting in gene and exon expression profiles consistent with the current literature. These results demonstrate the value of the new exon expression workflow in identifying known exons, alternative start and stop sites, mutually exclusive exons, and cassette exons in cancer research. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4867. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4867
Riemann problem and inverse Riemann problem of ( , 1) bi -analytic functions

Some Riemann problems and inverse Riemann problems of (λ, 1) bi-analytic functions and nonhomogeneous (λ, 1) bi-analytic systems are considered. These problems may be applied to interface problems of the elastic system in the plane. Dedicated to Professor JianKe Lu.
Dynamin self-assembles into rings suggesting a mechanism for coated vesicle budding.

DYNAMIN, a 100K member of the GTPase superfamily1, is the mammalian homologue of the Drosophila shibire gene product2,3. Mutations in shibire cause a defect in endocytosis leading to accumulation of coated pits and deep imaginations at the plasma membrane of all tissues examined4,5. Similarly, invaginated coated pits accumulate in mammalian cells overexpressing dominant-negative mutants of dynamin, establishing that dynamin is required for the formation of 'constricted' coated pits and for coated vesicle budding6. Whether dynamin functions in the classic GTPase mode as a molecular switch to regulate events leading to coated vesicle budding or instead actively participates as a mechanochemical enzyme driving coated vesicle formation is unclear7. Here we show that dynamin spontaneously self-assembles into rings and stacks of interconnected rings, comparable in dimension to the 'collars' observed at the necks of invaginated coated pits that accumulate at synaptic terminals in shibire flies4. We propose that invaginated coated pits become constricted by the assembly of dynamin into rings around their necks. A concerted conformational change would then close the rings and pinch off the budding coated vesicles.
Number of Primes and Probability Considerations

SEVERAL months ago Lord Cherwell1 directed attention to an apparent paradox which arises if one attempts to use probability considerations to determine the asymptotic density of prime numbers. The argument is this: The probability that a large number is not divisible by a prime p is 1/p. If we assume that such probabilities are independent for all pertinent trial divisors, we obtain as the density of primes near N2 the value ; the correct value, however, is .
Reconsidering Punitive and Harsh Discipline

Corporal punishment and other harsh interventions continue to be widespread despite the fact that the leading theories or models of behavioral management do not support their effectiveness. There i...
Anesthesia for Dystocia and Anesthesia of the Equine Neonate

Equine anesthesia is complicated regardless of the procedure being performed. Anesthesia for the mare experiencing dystocia is complicated by the size of the fetus, positioning of the mare for the procedure, and concern over drug effect on the fetus through the neonatal period. Anesthesia of the neonate is complicated by multiple factors, specifically, sensitivity to the drugs administered. Ventilatory support, minimizing drugs administered, and minimizing anesthesia time are essential for a positive outcome.
An intelligent IT infrastructure for the future

An intelligent IT Infrastructure will deliver extremely high performance, adaptability and security to users in the future. Building on the advancements in utility computing, smart data centers, automation, virtualization and intelligent networks, Hewlett Packard Labs is positioning itself to redefine datacenters, networks, software and devices. This talk will provide an overview of research being performed at HP Labs on four areas that will enable an Intelligent Infrastructure: Computing, storage, networking and nanotechnology. 1) We're helping transition computing to exascale computing, in which every processor chip has multiple CPU cores, and a new generation of software puts these parallel processes to good use; 2) We're building a cloud-scale, intelligent storage system that is self-managed and enterprise-grade; 3) A programmable wired and wireless network platform will make the introduction of new features quick, easy and cost-effective; 4) And breakthroughs in nanotechnology are going to revolutionize the way data is collected, stored and transmitted, using technologies such as the memristor and photonic interconnects.
Design, Development, and Formative Evaluation of “Put Nutrition Into Practice” A Multimedia Nutrition Education Program for Adults

Abstract The purpose of this study was to design, develop, and formatively evaluate a computer-based multimedia nutrition education program for adults based on the Dick and Carey model of instructional design. The 4 phases of the study included analysis, design, development, and evaluation. Seventy-two volunteers from the US Air Force, aged 18 to 50 years, participated in focus groups, an E-mail survey, or a dietitian survey to establish the program's instructional goal of applying the principles of the Food Guide Pyramid to daily food choices. Objectives, assessment instruments, content, examples, and practice questions with feedback were written in the design phase. Four modules of instruction—Familiarization with Food Groups, Serving Sizes, Modifying a Menu, and Vitamins and Minerals—were programmed using HyperStudio. Eighteen subjects aged 22 to 40 years, with at least a high school education and an average knowledge of nutrition volunteered to participate in 1 of 2 formative evaluation phases. All subjects completed a pretest, 2 posttests, 3 embedded tests, and an attitude questionnaire to ascertain program weaknesses. One module was deleted after phase 1 because the material lacked relevance to subjects. In phase 2, only 4 of 15 subjects could identify serving sizes in module 2 and only 6 of 15 subjects could do the same on posttest 1. Back buttons and review screens were added to modules 2 and 3 to facilitate identification of serving sizes. We conclude that dietetics professionals should use systematic models of instructional design, such as the Dick and Carey model, to design effective nutrition education programs for the public. J Am Diet Assoc. 2000; 100:555-563.
Short communication: comparison of the effects of heat stress on milk and component yields and somatic cell score in Holstein and Jersey cows

The objectives of this retrospective study were to (1) investigate the effects of heat stress (HS) climatic conditions and breed on milk and component yield for Holstein and Jersey cows on the same farm and (2) determine the effects of breed on udder health as measured by somatic cell score during HS climatic conditions. Data were collected from Dairy Herd Improvement Association records of 142 Jersey and 586 Holstein cows from the Bearden Dairy Research Center at Mississippi State University (Mississippi State). Heat stress climatic conditions were determined using a temperature-humidity index (THI) to combine dry bulb temperature and relative humidity into one measure. Two analyses were conducted to determine the effects of HS. Heat stress was defined as THI ≥ 72, and reported as HS+ for the first analysis and HS for the second analysis. The first analysis compared breeds during HS+ and non-heat-stress (HS-) conditions. Holstein milk yield decreased during HS+, whereas Jersey milk yield increased. Milk fat percentage for Holstein and Jersey cows declined during HS+. Holstein fat-corrected milk yield decreased during HS+, whereas Jersey fat-corrected milk yield during HS+ did not differ from that during HS-. During HS+, somatic cell score increased in milk from Holstein and Jersey cows compared with HS-. In the second analysis, HS was categorized as mild, moderate, or severe. The corresponding THI values were THI ≥ 72 but <79, THI ≥ 79 but <90, and THI ≥ 90. Holstein milk yield declined during moderate and severe HS, whereas Jersey milk yield declined during severe HS. Holstein milk fat percentage was less during moderate and severe HS compared with milk fat percentage during mild HS. Jersey milk fat percentage did not differ with regard to HS category. Jersey cows appeared to be more heat tolerant than Holstein cows; however, Holstein cows still produced larger volumes of milk.
The Hoare and Smyth power domain constructors commute under composition

Abstract This paper examines the composition of the Smyth and Hoare power domains (PS and PH) applied over the class of consistently complete algebraic partial orders represented by Scott's category of information systems. It is proposed that both orders of application yield equivalent domains. This is motivated by interpreting data elements in the Smyth as disjunction of propositions and those in the Hoare as conjunctions (as suggested by Scott), giving the two conjunctive-disjunctive forms for each of the double power domains. Then, using elementary category theory, it is shown that the images of any object under PS ○ PH and under PH ○ PS are isomorphic, and hence that both constructors are equivalent as functors.
Genomic profile of copy number variants on the short arm of human chromosome 8

We evaluated 966 consecutive pediatric patients with various developmental disorders by high-resolution microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization and found 10 individuals with pathogenic copy number variants (CNVs) on the short arm of chromosome 8 (8p), representing approximately 1% of the patients analyzed. Two patients with 8p terminal deletion associated with interstitial inverted duplication (inv dup del(8p)) had different mechanisms leading to the formation of a dicentric intermediate during meiosis. Three probands carried an identical ∼5.0 Mb interstitial duplication of chromosome 8p23.1. Four possible hotspots within 8p were observed at nucleotide coordinates of ∼10.45, 24.32–24.82, 32.19–32.77, and 38.94–39.72 Mb involving the formation of recurrent genomic rearrangements. Other CNVs with deletion- or duplication-specific start or stop coordinates on the 8p provide useful information for exploring the basic mechanisms of complex structural rearrangements in the human genome.
Bone mineral content in hypothyroid male patients with hormone replacement: a 3-year study.

Several studies have reported that short-term thyroid replacement to the euthyroid state in hypothyroid patients produces loss of both cortical and trabecular bone. However, long-term follow-up studies on this subject have not been reported. We conducted a 3 year follow-up study on 35 white male patients, including 24 patients (groups 1 and 2) with hypothyroidism receiving thyroid hormone replacement to the euthyroid state and 11 patients (groups 3 and 4) with Graves' disease. The bone mineral content of the distal radius was determined by single-photon absorption techniques with an iodine 125 source. It was found that there was no statistically significant difference in bone mineral content by year for any group, indicating no evidence of significant loss of cortical bone mineral by thyroid hormone replacement to the euthyroid state in hypothyroid patients.
Pleural Effusion After Ventricular Assist Device Placement: Prevalence and Pleural Fluid Characteristics

Background The occurrence of pleural effusion after ventricular assist device (VAD) implantation has been described; however, little has been elucidated about the nature, prevalence, or characteristics of the effusions. Our study details the prevalence of pleural effusion and pleural fluid characteristics in VAD patients at our institution. Methods We conducted a review of 22 consecutive patients undergoing VAD placement from August 2004 to January 2006. The clinical course of pleural effusions and their biochemical characteristics were studied by reviewing the patient charts and radiographs. Results Six of the 22 patients (18%) had pleural effusion before VAD placement. All 22 patients had effusions after VAD placement, with the majority being left sided (23%) or bilateral with left-sided predominance (41%). Four patients had large effusion, nine patients had moderate-sized effusions, and nine patients had small effusions. Nine patients (41%) required thoracentesis to relieve dyspnea. All were noted to have blood-tinged pleural fluid, and removal resulted in relief of dyspnea and improvement of clinical status. Seven patients had their pleural fluid examined in detail, and all met criteria for an exudate. No complications were experienced from thoracentesis. Conclusions Although pleural effusion is commonly seen in patients after VAD placement, this is the first study to examine the effusions in detail. In our series, pleural effusions developed in all patients, and most were either on the left side or bilateral. Those sampled were exudative in nature, blood tinged, and lymphocyte predominant. Drainage resulted in improvement in symptoms and was accomplished without complications.
The Job Search Experiences of HRM Graduates

Following the global economic crisis of 2008 which ushered in a period of high unemployment, the job search plight of university graduates has received much attention both in the scholarly community and the popular press. Despite the increased attention given to job search as an area of scholarly interest, there is a paucity of in-depth longitudinal qualitative studies examining the experiences of graduate jobseekers as they unfold over time. Through the analysis of interview data from 29 Human Resource Management (HRM) graduates we explored how their search experiences evolved over a three-month period. The unique contribution of this study is that it represents a move toward a more robust understanding of the job search experience. It also adds paradigmatic diversity to our understanding of graduates’ job search experiences by using a qualitative methodology. In addition, by allowing interviewees to talk about their experiences ‘in their own words’, it provides, what Denzin (2001) calls “thick descripti...
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in multiple myeloma.

Abstract High-dose therapy and autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation are standard early treatment of patients with multiple myeloma. Tandem transplantation appears to provide additional benefit, particularly in patients with limited response to initial transplantation. Myeloablative allogeneic transplantation provides the only potential for cure, but has been largely abandoned because of high mortality rates. Newer and better induction regimens, rigorous analysis of results with autologous and allogeneic transplantation, and the development of risk-adapted stratification provide the impetus for this critical evaluation of the role of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in multiple myeloma.
Agnostic insurance tasks and their relation to compression

We consider the following insurance problem: our task is to predict finite upper bounds on unseen samples of an unknown distribution p over the set of natural numbers, using only observations generated i.i.d. from p. While p is unknown, it belongs to a known collection P of possible models. To emphasize, the support of the unknown distribution p is unbounded, and the game proceeds for an infinitely long time. If the said upper bounds are accurate over the infinite time window with probability arbitrarily close to 1, we say P is insurable. We have previously characterized insurability of P by a condition on the neighborhoods of distributions in P, one that is both necessary and sufficient. We examine connections between the insurance problem on the one hand, and weak and strong universal compression on the other. We show that if P can be strongly compressed, it can be insured as well. However, the connection with weak compression is more subtle. We show by constructing appropriate classes of distributions that neither weak compression nor insurability implies the other.
Some dynamical properties of the reactions of F atoms with HCl and DCl

Abstract Using a standardized minicomputer program, we have investigated the interpretation of the observed of F + HCl→HF+Cl in terms of both LEPS and HMF potential energy hypersurfaces. A reasonable best fit has been selected. Predicted excitation functions, impact parameter dependences and isotope effects are presented and discussed.
The Marshall Space Flight Center Turbine Test Equipment: Description and Performance

Performance evaluations of rocket engine turbopump drive turbines are difficult to obtain from turbopump or engine firings due to measurement limitations and operating point restrictions. The Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) Turbine Test Equipment (TTE) was developed to provide an accurate, economical method of measuring the performance of full-scale turbopump gas turbines. By expanding air at pressures as high as 435 psia (3.0 MPa) to atmospheric conditions, the TTE provides metered air at nominal conditions of 100 psia (0.69 MPa), 550 °R (350 °K), and 15 lbm/sec (6.8 kg/sec) with run times of 100 seconds or greater. A 600 hp (448 kW) direct current dynamometer and gearbox provide turbine power absorption for speeds up to 14,000 rpm. This paper describes the MSFC TTE and its performance including the performance envelope, turbine inlet flow quality, and measurement uncertainty.Copyright © 1993 by ASME
Self-consistent simulation of quantum transport in dual-gate field-effect transistors

A quantum transport model to investigate lateral resonant tunneling through one‐dimensional states in a dual‐gate field‐effect transistor is presented. A self‐consistent scheme based on the iterative extraction orthogonalization method for calculating the electronic properties of two‐dimensionally confined carriers is employed. The model successfully reproduces the multiple negative differential resistance in the I‐V characteristics; however, it is necessary to invoke nonuniformities and disorder at the heterointerface of the resonant tunneling structure to explain the observation of multiple negative differential resistance in the I‐V characteristics.
Investigations in progress in hydrologic laboratories

The investigations of which I shall speak deal with the occurrence and movement of water in the materials of the Earth's crust and are concerned with such fundamental properties of the materials as physical constitution, porosity, permeability, water-yielding capacity, and water-retaining capacity. The investigations are also concerned with the factors that control those properties and with the relation of those properties to one another and to many problems of hydrology, engineering, and agriculture.
Effects of year-round schooling on disadvantaged students and the distribution of standardized test performance ☆

Abstract Using detailed longitudinal data for the state of California, this paper estimates the effect of year-round school calendars on nationally standardized test performance of traditionally disadvantaged students. The student subgroups studied in this paper are: low socioeconomic status, limited English proficiency, Hispanic and Latino, and African American students. I find significant negative effects of multi-track year-round calendars on academic achievement for all subgroups examined, with only the limited English proficiency student subgroup producing unreliable estimates. Negative and significant results for another type of year-round calendar, single-track, are also found for the full sample of students and low socioeconomic status students.
Volume expansion enhances the recovery of renal function and prolongs the diuresis and natriuresis after release of bilateral ureteral obstruction: a possible role for atrial natriuretic peptide

AbstractPlasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) levels are elevated in patients with bilateral ureteral obstruction (BUO). To further evaluate the role of ANP in postobstructive diuresis, natriuresis and recovery of renal function, 3 groups of dogs were studied: Group 1, 6 dogs that underwent 48 hours of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO); Group 2, 6 dogs that underwent 48 hours of BUO; and Group 3, 6 dogs volume replete with normal saline during 48 hours of BUO. All 3 groups underwent hourly hemodynamic and clearance studies for 15 hours after the release of obstruction. Group 1 experienced no increase in either urine output or sodium excretion from the ipsilateral or contralateral kidney after release of obstruction. Groups 2 and 3 both experienced an initial diuresis and natriuresis after BUO (p less than 0.01). However, in Group 2 diuresis and natriuresis after BUO ceased at 5 and 2 hours, respectively, while in Group 3 both persisted for 10 and 9 hours, respectively. Before obstruction the GFR was...
A null-mutation in the Znt7 gene accelerates prostate tumor formation in a transgenic adenocarcinoma mouse prostate model

Decrease of cellular zinc in the epithelium of the prostate has been implicated in the development of prostate cancer. To investigate whether ZnT7, a zinc transporter involved in intracellular zinc accumulation, played a role in prostate cancer development, we generated and characterized a transgenic adenocarcinoma mouse prostate (TRAMP) model with a Znt7-null genetic background. TRAMP mice (TRAMP/Znt7(-/-) and TRAMP/Znt7(+/+)) were euthanized at 6, 8, 16, and 28 weeks of age for histopathological analysis of the prostates and for the presence of prostate tumors and metastasis. At 6 and 8 weeks of age, TRAMP/Znt7(-/-) mice displayed higher frequencies of low grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) and high grade PIN, respectively, in the prostates than the age-matched TRAMP/Znt7(+/+) mice. At 16 weeks of age, 33% TRAMP/Znt7(-/-) mice had prostate tumors and one half of the mice with prostate tumors had tumor metastasized to the draining lymph nodes while no prostate tumor was detected in the control TRAMP mice. By 28 weeks, 67% TRAMP/Znt7(-/-) mice developed prostate tumors while only 22% control TRAMP mice had prostate tumors. Furthermore, apoptosis was reduced in the prostates of TRAMP/Znt7(-/-) mice. In conclusion, a null-mutation of the Znt7 gene accelerates prostate tumor formation in TRAMP mice.
An Integrated Model of Women's Representation

The concept of representation, as developed in Hanna Pitkin's seminal work, is a complex structure, whose multiple dimensions are hypothesized to be closely interconnected. Most empirical work, however, ignores the integrated character of representation and examines its several dimensions in isolation. The picture of representation that results is not so much incorrect as incomplete. This research tests an integrated model of representation linking formal, descriptive, substantive, and symbolic representation. Data on the representation of women in 31 democracies confirms the interconnections among the several dimensions of representation. The structure of electoral systems exerts powerful influences on both women's descriptive representation and symbolic representation. Descriptive representation, in turn, increases legislatures’ responsiveness to women's policy concerns and enhances perceptions of legitimacy. The effects of substantive representation, however, are much less than theory anticipates.
Iteration of phase window correlation and least-squares fit for Young's fringe pattern processing.

Correlation by means of phase windows that artificially create phase shifts is combined with the least-squares fit to provide a processing algorithm. A Young’s pattern is correlated by means of the phase windows to generate four patterns with phase shifts of 0°, 90°, 180°, and 270°. The phase of the Young’s pattern is derived from the four patterns. Then the derived phase is least-squares fitted to a phase plane. The above steps are repeated once to improve accuracy. Speckle noise is suppressed by the correlation operations, as well as a loop including phase calculation, fringe reconstruction, and smoothing. The magnitude and direction of the displacement associated with Young’s pattern are determined from the phase plane. The algorithm takes less calculation time than the fast Fourier transform method and does so with improved accuracy. Software has been developed and is used in the experiment.
Ru(bpy)32+ derivatized polystyrenes constructed by nitroxide-mediated radical polymerization. Relationship between polymer chain length, structure and photophysical properties

A series of polystyrene-based light harvesting polymers featuring pendant polypyridyl ruthenium complexes has been synthesized. The polymer backbones were prepared by nitroxide-mediated radical polymerization with a variable average molecular weight (Mn) ranging from ∼5500 to ∼24 000 g mol−1. Pendant Ru(II) polypyridyl complexes were grafted to the polymer backbone by azide–alkyne click chemistry to afford chromophore loaded polymers. The resulting polystyrene-based polychromophores with pendant Ru(II) polypyridyl complexes (PS-Ru) were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance and infrared spectroscopy, confirming the high efficiency of the click grafting. The photophysical and electrochemical properties of the series of PS-Ru polymers were characterized in solution and investigated as a function of polymer chain length and solvent. The electrochemical properties of PS-Ru maintained the characteristics of the individual Ru(II) polypyridyl units. Emission quantum yield and lifetime studies reveal that the metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) excited states are quenched to a variable extent depending on the molecular weight of the polymers, consistent with intramolecular energy transfer and self-quenching in polymers with longer chain lengths. To support the synthetic effort, molecular dynamics simulations of the polypyridyl ruthenium derivatized polystyrenes in different solvents were conducted.
Hyperbolicity and Change of Type in Sink Flow

This chapter is based on the [1985] paper of Yoo, Ahrens, and Joseph. We consider the problem of steady fast flow of interpolated Maxwell models into a hole, and show that the flow field is partitioned into elliptic (subcritical) and hyperbolic (supercritical) regions. We analyze the characteristics and show that the vorticity changes type as in the experiments of Metzner, Uebler, and Fong [1969].
Design and properties of efficient tRNA:EF-Tu FRET system for studies of ribosomal translation

Formation of the ternary complex between GTP-bound form of elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu) and aminoacylated transfer RNA (aa-tRNA) is a key event in protein biosynthesis. Here we show that fluorescently modified Escherichia coli EF-Tu carrying three mutations, C137A, C255V and E348C, and fluorescently modified Phe-tRNA(Phe) form functionally active ternary complex that has properties similar to those of the naturally occurring (unmodified) complex. Similarities include the binding and binding rate constants, behavior in gel retardation assay, as well as activities in tRNA protection and in vitro translation assays. Proper labeling of EF-Tu was demonstrated in MALDI mass spectroscopy experiments. To generate the mutant EF-Tu, a series of genetic constructions were performed. Two native cysteine residues in the wild-type EF-Tu at positions 137 and 255 were replaced by Ala and Val, respectively, and an additional cysteine was introduced either in position 324 or 348. The assembly FRET assay showed a 5- to 7-fold increase of Cy5-labeled EF-Tu E348C mutant fluorescence upon formation of ternary complex with charged tRNA(Phe)(Cy3-labeled) when the complex was excited at 532 nm and monitored at 665 nm. In a control experiment, we did not observe FRET using uncharged tRNA(Phe)(Cy3), nor with wild-type EF-Tu preparation that was allowed to react with Cy5 maleimide, nor in the absence of GTP. The results obtained demonstrate that the EF-Tu:tRNA FRET system described can be used for investigations of ribosomal translation in many types of experiments.
The Commodity Terms of Trade, Unit Roots, and Nonlinear Alternatives: A Smooth Transition Approach

Market price dynamics for North American oriented strand board markets are examined. Specifically, the role of transactions costs are examined vis–`a–vis the law of one price. Weekly data for the January 3rd, 1995 through April 14th, 2006 period are used in the analysis. Nonlinearities induced by unobservable transactions costs are modeled by estimating smooth transition autoregressions (STARs). Results indicate that nonlinearity is an important feature of these markets and that the parity relationships implied by economic theory are generally supported by the STAR models. Implications for the efficiency of spatial market linkages are examined by estimating generalized impulse response functions.
STEPPING UP TO MOTHERHOOD AMONG INNER‐CITY TEENS

This mixed-methods, context-oriented study explored transitions to motherhood among pregnant and newly parenting inner-city teenagers (n= 80) attending an alternative public school. Additionally, a novel research approach was assessed. Using data from a 2-year psychotherapy trial, inductive content analyses of therapy sessions and post hoc interviews of clinicians were synthesized with questionnaires and other more traditional data sources to develop a strength-focused understanding of prominent life themes, as experienced by participants. Results suggested that, although few teens had planned to have a baby, a large majority were pleased to discover their pregnancies. A heightened sense of purpose emerged, connected with drastically increased safety-conscious behaviors. Still, public and familial alienation was common. Grandmothers and additional female mentors became central, and their support of the pregnancy was protective against teen mothers' depression. The research technique assessed in this study provided broad-ranging information with substantial validity and minimal time and expense.
A 4800-V grid-connected electric vehicle charging station that provides STACOM-APF functions with a bi-directional, multi-level, cascaded converter

This paper presents a new design for an ultra-fast, public electric vehicle (EV) charging station. Because of the multi-megawatt nature of such a station, the design is aimed at being appropriate for a medium voltage (MV) connection. Through the proper choice of a multi-level topology and staircase modulation, it is able to operate efficiently and provide galvanic isolation without the use of a large transformer. As a further benefit for this application, it is able to provide reactive, harmonic, and unbalanced load compensation. Simulation results are provided in Simulink to verify the effectiveness of the staircase modulation and capabilities of the topology.
Reproductive Disruption in Wild Longear Sunfish (Lepomis megalotis) Exposed to Kraft Mill Effluent

Worldwide, wild fish living in rivers receiving municipal and industrial discharges may experience endocrine disruption as a result of exposure to anthropogenic pollutants. The purpose of this stud...
Recent developments in the understanding and management of fibromuscular dysplasia.

Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) is a nonatherosclerotic disease of medium‐sized vessels that can present with arterial stenosis, beading, dissection, and aneurysm. While the most common sites of FMD are the renal and extracranial carotid and vertebral arteries, FMD has been reported in most arterial
Effect of Different Forms of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation on Experimental Pain

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of five different types of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on experimentally induced pain threshold and tolerance in healthy subjects. Fourteen subjects received the following treatments on different days: low frequency TENS, burst frequency TENS, hyperstimulation TENS, high frequency TENS with a low voltage galvanic stimulator, and high frequency TENS with a high voltage galvanic stimulator to the left upper extremity. Pain threshold and tolerance were tested with electric current on a fingertip of the left upper extremity before each treatment, immediately after each treatment, and 20 minutes after the end of each treatment. Data were analyzed using separate two-by-five analyses of variance with repeated measures for pain threshold and tolerance. No significant effects of treatment or time for pain threshold or tolerance were found. A significant interaction between treatment and time for pain threshold was found. Further study is needed to compare the effects of these treatments in patients with clinical pain.
Automated highway studies at the Ohio State University-an overview

A long-range program on various aspects of automated highway operations conducted at The Ohio State University (OSU) from 1964 to 1980 is described. This program included studies on headway safety policy, longitudinal control, lateral control, and highway system operations. The principal emphasis was on the design and development of reference system/controllers for both longitudinal and lateral vehicle control. Relate activities ranged from the theoretical development of control concepts to their realization and field testing. The policy and system operation studies guided the vehicle control activities and provided overall program direction. These resulted in a requirement for a 6.4-km, automated vehicle control facility that was almost completed when this work was terminated in 1980. >
Mental Health Outcomes Following Recent Parental Divorce The Case of Young Adult Offspring

The role of parental divorce in young adult adjustment has been overlooked in the divorce and developmental literature. This study addresses the association between recent parental divorce and mental health outcomes in young adults aged 18 to 23. Divorce decrees and driver's license registries in a single state were used to draw a sample of 485 White young adults, half of whom had experienced parental divorce within 15 months of the interview and the other half whose parents were still married. Comparison of the two groups indicated that at the bivariate level, parental divorce was associated with poorer mental health outcomes, but only among females. Furthermore, multivariate models estimating depression levels among these youth indicated that the significant effect of parental divorce on females was eliminated once parents' past marital quality was considered. Finally, the analyses indicated that dissatisfaction with current friendships or intimate relationships was predictive of greater depression in b...
Socio-ecological complexity and the restoration of river ecosystems

Understanding socio-ecological characteristics associated with rivers and their catchments, and using that understanding to effectively manage and restore river ecosystems, is an increasingly complex challenge. While great strides have been made in the last half century in understanding rivers as ecological systems, human exploitation of river water and riparian zones have frustrated river management to the point that many native species are imperiled or have become extinct, invasive species are rampant, water and sediment quality are in significant decline, environmental flows are neglected, and economic pressures are placing unprecedented demands on remaining resources. At the same time, there are societal expectations that river resources be restored or rehabilitated to functional states, even while climate change, population growth, flow diversion, and the proliferation of chemicals impose additional burdens in ways that are not adequately understood. Therein lies one of the great challenges of this century. Can river systems be realistically restored or rehabilitated and, if so, what are the approaches and scales that have a chance of being successful? The 2013 E. Baldi lecture addresses these questions by examining 2 examples of river restoration: identifying socio-ecological attributes from those examples that have been successful as well as aspects needing improvement, and presenting principles for improving river restoration in highly complex situations. The principles are designed to enhance resilience and promote adaptive capacity within social–ecological systems—systems that continue to evolve.
Mechanical aspects of second level packaging interconnection methods

Mechanical modeling of the main structural categories in second-level packaging is discussed, covering leadless chip carriers, pin-grid arrays, and flatpacks. Operational stress considerations focus on thermal loads, but manufacturing, handling, and dynamics are also considered. Development, test, and field conditions are related through mechanical analysis. >
On confounders: known and unknown.

COMMENTARY ON: Resnick DK, Rajpal S, Steinmetz M. Common pitfalls in interpretation of medical evidence: a case demonstration of misleading interpretation in the analysis of cervical spine fusions. Spine J 2009;9:905–9 ( in this issue ).
"On the Impersonality of the Modern State: A Comment on Machiavelli's Use of Stato”

The modern state, by contrast to the Aristotelian regime, is essentially impersonal. For Machiavelli, stato is extremely personal; yet, it is argued, Machiavelli laid the foundation for the modern state in his general and impartial advice to acquire stato. The argument proceeds by an analysis of Machiavelli's use of stato, after a brief consideration of its medieval counterparts.
Civil-Military Agonies in Nigeria: Pains of an Unaccomplished Transition:

The armed forces of Nigeria, in power for nearly three-quarters of the country'sindependent history, show little willingness to return to the barracks. Even if civilian rulewere restored, deep-rooted beliefs and practices will ensure that officers continue to playmajor political roles. The aborted 1993 presidential elections(generally regarded as fair anddecisive, but won by a candidate disliked by senior army leaders) manifested seriouslingering obstacles to military disengagement from politics. Successful establishment of a"Third Republic" along paths attempted earlier appears unlikely to succeed, due in particu-lar to limited military professionalism, ethnic tensions, and uncertainty about the nature ofdemocratization.
The Politics And Political Implications Of Oil And Gas Exploration In Africa: An Analysis Of American Oil Corporations In Nigeria

This study will identify the extent in which American oil companies make billions daily from oil production, while local Nigerians suffer daily from poverty. The focus of this research will be on the population of Niger Delta, Shell Oil Company and the Nigerian government. I will define and establish an illustration of the poverty-structured environment that surrounds Niger Delta and the revenue success of Shell Oil Company and Nigeria’s government. This research will open the eyes of American oil companies, Nigeria’s federal government and people around the world to the revenue that is coming into Nigeria, but the communities are still living in poverty. Something needs to be done; if something is not done, some the people of Niger Delta will continue to retaliate.
The Maximum Term of an Entire Function

We will give in this chapter a proof that a suitable entire function can grow as fast as we please.
Against Bipolar Black Masculinity: Intersectionality, Assimilation, Identity Performance, and Hierarchy

I contend that popular representations of heterosexual black men are bipolar. Those images alternate between a Bad Black Man who is crime-prone and hypersexual and a Good Black Man who distances himself from blackness and associates with white norms. The threat of the Bad Black Man label provides heterosexual black men with an assimilationist incentive to perform our identities consistent with the Good Black Man image. The reason for bipolar black masculinity is that it helps resolve the white mainstream's post-civil rights anxiety. That anxiety results from the conflict between the nation's relatively recent determination that some black men merit inclusion into the mainstream and its longer-standing and ongoing belief that most black men should be excluded. Bipolar black masculinity addresses that anxiety by clearly demarcating which black men merit inclusion - only those who fit the assimilationist ideal. Bipolar depictions justify the status quo of the exclusion of most black men into jail or the lower-classes and the inclusion of only a token few white-acting black men into the mainstream. I draw my conclusions by utilizing Critical Race Feminism's intersectionality theory - analysis of the interplay between race and gender narratives. Intersectionality theory is usually applied to the multiply subordinated, such as women of color, rather than the singly subordinated, such as middle-class heterosexual black men. Extending intersectionality theory to heterosexual black men is justifiable when we consider the shared interests of the multiply and singly subordinated in defeating the Western epistemological system of the scaling of bodies. The scaling of bodies is the assumption that we must rank identity characteristics against a norm and organize society according to those hierarchies. Bipolar black masculinity seeks to seduce heterosexual black men into accepting the right to subordinate others as compensation for our own subordination. If heterosexual black men are to disrupt bipolar black masculinity, we must refuse to accept the right to subordinate others and construct an antihierarchical black masculinity.
Security for whose sake

(2005). Security for whose sake? Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists: Vol. 61, No. 5, pp. 22-23.
A Study of Some Aquatic Phycomycetes Isolated from Mexican Soils

Although Butler (1907) discovered more than thirty years ago that species of Pythium could be isolated from the soil, it was not until the application of Butler's cultural methods by Harvey (1925) that the widespread occurrence of the Saprolegniaceae and other water molds in the soil was generally appreciated. Subsequently, the phycomycetous soil flora has been studied in various parts of the world. Coker and Braxton (1926), Coker (1927), and Raper (1928) have made a series of studies of terrestrial forms of the Saprolegniaceae and closely related groups in North Carolina, Couch (1927) has isolated aquatic fungi from soils in New York, and Harvey (1927, 1928, 1930) has investigated the water molds occurring in Wisconsin soils, as well as those of Oklahoma, Mississippi, and Kentucky. The studies of Apinis (1930) in Latvia, Dissmann (1931) in Austria, Barnes and Melville (1932) in England, Cook and Morgan (1934) and Morgan (1938) in Wales, Hohnk (1935) and Richter (1937) in Germany, Nagai (1931) in Japan, and Cookson (1937) in Australia have shown that saprolegniaceous fungi as well as other groups of the aquatic Phycomycetes are widely distributed in soils throughout various parts of the world. These investigations have further demonstrated that while certain species previously found only in water are also quite common in the soil, other forms, including species of the genera Brevilegnia and Geolegnia, are apparently adapted for a strictly terrestrial mode of existence, and are to be found only as constituents of the soil microflora. H6hnk (1935) has clearly correlated the number of motile stages of the zoospores in various genera of the Saproleg-
A Hemophilic, Anaerogenic Paracolon Bacillus Found in a Case of Infected Bilateral Hydronephrosis

In the course of a systematic investigation of urinary infections primarily undertaken with the aim to reclassify by modern methods the various causative types and the subdivisions of the colon-paracolon group, we found an organism which was only cultivated on hemoglobin medium. This bacillus reverted atavistically to a saprophytic nongasproducing paracolon after artificial cultivation. A similar transformation of.type took place in the urine of the host following vaccination and clinical recrudescence. The organism is here described and an account given of the case from which it was obtained.