cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Prospective Randomized Study of Inpatient IV Antibiotics for Community-Acquired Pneumonia: The Optimal Duration of Therapy

Study objective To compare therapeutic outcome and perform a cost-benefit analysis of inpatients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) treated with a shortened course of IV antibiotic therapy. Design A prospective, randomized, parallel group study with a follow-up period of 28 days. Setting Bronx Veterans Affairs Medical Center (VAMC) and the Castle Point VAMC; university-affiliated VAMC general medical wards from September 1993 to March 1995. Patients Seventy-two male veterans and 1 female veteran with 75 episodes of CAP defined by a new infiltrate on chest radiograph and either history or physical findings consistent with pneumonia. Study population was 42%(31) black, 33%(24) white, and 25%(18) Hispanic. Interventions Patients were randomized (1:1:1) to 1 of 3 treatment groups: group 1 received 2 days of IV and 8 days of oral therapy; group 2 received 5 days of IV and 5 days of oral therapy; and group 3 received 10 days of IV therapy. Antibiotics consisted of cefuroxime, 750 mg every 8 h for the IV course, and cefuroxime axetil, 500 mg every 12 h for the oral therapy. Measurements and Results No differences were found in the clinical course, cure rates, or resolution of chest radiograph abnormalities among the three groups. A significant difference was found in the length of stay (LOS) among the three groups. The mean±SD LOS was 6±3 days in group 1, 8±2 days in group 2, and 11±1 days in group 3. The shortened LOS could potentially save $95.5 million for the Department of Veterans Affairs and $2.9 billion for the US private sector. Conclusions Adult patients hospitalized for CAP who are not severely ill can be successfully treated with an abbreviated (2-day) course of IV antibiotics and then switched to oral therapy. A longer course of IV therapy prolongs hospital stay and cost, without improving the therapeutic cure rate.
Adrenocorticotropin Deficiency: Correction of Hyponatremia and Hypoaldosteronism with Chronic Glucocorticoid Therapy*

A 36-yr-old woman with a chronic wasting illness associated with hyponatremia and hypotension proved to have secondary adrenal insufficiency and low levels of GH and PRL. TSH, LH, and FSH responses remained normal. Aldosterone excretion was markedly reduced (0.74 eg/day) before replacement therapy was started, but normal renin and aldosterone responses to sodium restriction were observed after 6 months of corticosteroid treatment. These responses were maintained after acute steroid withdrawal despite the continued absence of ACTH. Chronically adequate glucocorticoid levels were necessary to maintain a normal aldosterone response in this patient. If there is also a pituitary factor required for this response, it does not appear to be ACTH.
Growth and characterization of n-type InP/InGaAs quantum well infrared photodetectors for response at 8.93 mm

We present experimental results on the growth and characterization of n-type InGaAs/InP quantum-well intersubband photodetectors for use at 8.93 µm. High-quality InGaAs/InP multiple quantum wells were grown by gas source molecular beam expitaxy, and then characterized by double-crystal x-ray diffraction and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy. Based upon the structural parameters determined by these methods, the photocurrent response spectra were simulated using a six-band effective bond-orbital model. The theoretical results are in excellent agreement with experimental data. Additional important device characteristics such as dark current, spectral response, and absolute responsivity are also presented.
Predicting the Type of Nanostructure Using Data Mining Techniques and Multinomial Logistic Regression

Abstract Nanotechnology and nanomaterials have a promised future in different aspects of modern life that involve medicine, environment, space, energy, electronics, security, and many others. While the applications of nanomaterials seem to be limitless, new challenges are also being posed. With regard to the type of one-dimensional nanostructure of Cadmium Selenide (CdSe), there are three possible morphologies presented: nanosaws, nanowires, and nanobelts. Since the synthesis of these morphologies are by trial and error, our goal in this paper is to use statistical and data mining techniques to predict the type of CdSe nanostructure. The methods used for prediction are: a multinomial logistic regression, a support vector machine, and a random forest. The results are compared using two statistical indices: sensitivity and specificity, and the factors that influence the possible nanostructure are identified. Based on the results, data mining techniques showed to be a better fit for prediction comparing to the multinomial logistic regression model. We also identify the levels of these factors that maximize the proportions of nanosaws, nanowires, and nanobelts.
Optimizing energy consumption and parallel performance for static and dynamic betweenness centrality using GPUs

Applications of high-performance graph analysis range from computational biology to network security and even transportation. These applications often consider graphs under rapid change and are moving beyond HPC platforms into energy-constrained embedded systems. This paper optimizes one successful and demanding analysis kernel, betweenness centrality, for NVIDIA GPU accelerators in both environments. Our algorithm for static analysis is capable of exceeding 2 million traversed edges per second per watt (MTEPS/W). Optimizing the parallel algorithm and treating the dynamic problem directly achieves a 6.9× average speed-up and 83% average reduction in energy consumption.
Toxic effects of boric acid on the German cockroach.

Boric acid is a slow-acting, inorganic insecticide whose mode of action has not been satisfactorily elucidated. Reported here is evidence which shows that ingested boric acid destroys the cellular lining of the foregut of German cockroaches,Blattella germanica (L.). This effect appears to be sufficient to bring about the death of the insects, perhaps ultimately by starvation. This finding is important because resistance to conventional insectivides may re-establish boric acid as a prominent cockroach control chemical.
An ultraminiature solid-state pressure sensor for a cardiovascular catheter

An ultraminiature solid-state capacitive pressure sensor that can be mounted in a 0.5-mm OD catheter suitable for multipoint pressure measurements from within the coronary artery of the heart is described. The transducer consists of a silicon 290*550*1.5- mu m/sup 3/ microdiaphragm surrounded by a 12- mu m-thick silicon supporting rim, both defined by the boron etch-stop technique. The transducer process features a batch wafer-to-glass electrostatic seal followed by the silicon etch, which eliminates handling of individual small diaphragm structures until die separation and final packaging. A hybrid interface circuit chip provides a high-level output signal and allows the sensor to be compatible with use on a multisite catheter having only two leads. >
Maori and the market : the Waitangi Tribunal

Le 06 fevrier 1840 les chefs maoris et un representant de la couronne britannique signent le Traite de Waitangi qui proclame l'egalite des droits entre maoris et colons anglais. Pour les maoris ce traite consacre l'instauration d'un partenariat avec l'Angleterre. Pour cette derniere, ce traite fait de la Nouvelle-Zelande une nouvelle colonie. Elle mene des lors une politique d'expropriation des terres, stimule un afflux de colons. En 1975, le Treaty of Waitangi Act cree un tribunal charge d'examiner les revendications des maoris et de contribuer a reparer les prejudices qu'ils ont subis. Il repond aux attentes des mouvements maoris, inspires par le mouvement pour les droits civiques afro-americain, qui s'attachent a lutter contre les expropriations et contre les discriminations sociales. L'A. examine les procedures mises en place par ce tribunal. Il encourage les negociations et les compromis plus qu'il n'a recours a l'injonction legale. Il est a l'origine du Maori Language Act, promulgue en 1987, qui fait du maori une langue officielle et instaure le bilinguisme a l'ecole. L'A. estime que ce tribunal rend actifs les maoris sur le plan des revendications. Le gouvernement neo-zelandais a instaure des quotas de peche qui permettent d'assurer la subsistance des populations maoris. Il a encourage la creation par les maoris d'entreprises de peche et de distribution des kiwis. L'A. regrette que ce tribunal n'ait pas permis d'etablir une veritable cooperation entre pakeha (blancs) et maoris
M ANTIGENS AMONG GROUP A STREPTOCOCCI ISOLATED FROM SKIN LESIONS

Three new provisional types of Group A streptococci have been identified among strains isolated from skin infections of American Indian children. A previously established type, Type 41, was also recognized among the pyoderma strains. Most of the skin streptococci with T-agglutination pattern 3/13/B3264 could be identified as Type 41 or as one of two new provisional types, Schoenborn (Type 52) and Hanson (proposed Type 53). Strains of the third new provisional type, Kingbird (proposed Type 54), agglutinated as 15/17/19/23/47, a T pattern not associated with skin infections in studies of other populations. Approximately half of the pyoderma strains examined were found to produce an M antigen; the proportion of M-typable strains from skin infections was found to be similar to that currently found in throat cultures of children with pharyngitis. The demonstration of M antigens in streptococci from skin lesions provides evidence of their potential virulence and should facilitate their classification in subsequent epidemiological studies.
N-silyl oxyketene imines are underused yet highly versatile reagents for catalytic asymmetric synthesis

A new class of stable, isolable N-silyl oxyketene imines derived from protected cyanohydrins is introduced. Utilization of these nucleophiles in Lewis-base-catalysed aldol additions allows access to either cross-benzoin or glycolate aldol-type products in good yields and exceptional selectivities by simply altering the conditions of the reaction.
Functional Categories in the Grammars of Children With Specific Language Impairment

Children with specific language impairment often show a serious limitation in their use of grammatical morphemes such as verb inflections and free-standing closed-class forms. The purpose of this s...
Trance-inductive poetry: a brief communication.

Abstract 2 concepts are presented in this report: (a) poetry with trance-inductive potency, and (b) trance-augmented aesthetic experience. The report is an update and revision into modern language of parts of Snyder's book, Hypnotic Poetry, published in 1930. A list of poems with strong trance-inductive potency is given. These are contrasted with a second list of poems with virtually no trance-inductive potency. Historic perspectives are given to clarify that most of the poems on the 2 lists were written during the Romantic period when many poets were actively striving to explore imagination as a creative faculty. An analysis is then given of the poetic techniques productive of the trance-inductive effect. These are (a) freedom from abruptness, (b) marked regularity of soothing rhythm, (c) refrain and frequent repetition, (d) ornamented harmonious rhythm to fix attention, (e) vagueness of imagery, and (f) fatiguing obscurities. Finally, practical advice is given on producing the trance-inductive effect.
Peroxide Production by Type 3 Strains of Group A Beta Hemolytic Streptococci

ConclusionsThese results demonstrate that Type 3 hemolytic streptococci produce peroxide under conditions determined by certain variability factors. This is also true of some other type strains. In manner of origin and in subsequent cultural behavior these peroxide-positive variants resemble the lactose-positive variants of B. coli mutabile. Peroxide formation by Type 3 strains was predicted by Mellon,6 who believed its apparent absence was due to temporary suppression of a special “growth phase” possessing this function. Whether suppression of peroxide formation in the white colonies is complete, or reduced to a degree not detectable by the present methods, remains a question.
Structure of transfer RNA-AMINOACYL TRANSFER RNA synthetase complexes investigated by nuclease digestion.

Abstract The structure of the complex of Ile-tRNA synthetase and tRNA Ile has been studied by subjecting the free and bound nucleic acid to attack by specific nucleases. It was found that the anticodon region, which is quickly cut in free tRNA Ile by ribonucleases A and T1, is protected from attack in the synthetase-tRNA complex. In addition, cleavage at the 3′-terminus of the tRNA is inhibited by the bound protein. These results confirm by an independent method studies which showed that in the complex both the anticodon and 3′-terminus are blocked from oligonucleotide hybridization (Schimmel, P. R., Uhlenbeck, O. C., Lewis, J. B., Dickson, L. A., Eldred, E. W. and Schreier, A. A. (1972) Biochemistry 11, 642–646). Noncognate interactions were also explored. These included Tyr-tRNA synthetase with tRNA Ile and Ile-tRNA synthetase with tRNA Tyr Although no strong interaction was detected in the latter case, the former shows significant complex formation. This “incorrect” complex of tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase and tRNA Ile is protected from nuclease attack in a similar way as observed for the cognate complex. This suggests that the orientation of the noncognate enzyme on tRNA Ile is like that of the cognate enzyme.
Stability theorems for singular perturbation of eigenvalues

Two stability, i.e., convergence in multiplicity, theorems for eigenvalues of non-self-adjoint singular perturbation problems are proved in this paper. Use is made of quadratic interpolation between Hubert spaces to obtain an extension of the notion of a holomorphic family of type (B). Applications to singular perturbation problems for non-self-adjoint elliptic partial differential operators, and to singular potential perturbation problems with complex coupling constants, are presented.
A time of one's own? Female recollections of youth in Denmark at the turn of the twentieth century

The decades around the turn of the twentieth century mark a critical transitional moment in the history of European girlhood. These decades witnessed a significant expansion in educational opportunities for girls and young women, while a broad range of new jobs provided previously unknown options in the labour market. Based on 1,100 unpublished memoirswritten by Danish women, this article explores how these changes affected the lives and experiences of three successive generations of women who came of age from the 1880s to the 1930s.
Olfactory stimulation and olfactory bulb removal: Effects on territorial aggression in male Syrian golden hamsters.

The Syrian golden hamster exhibits territorial aggression in a laboratory setting, attacking much more when in the home cage than in the cage of another hamster. In expt. 1 it was found that female hamster vaginal discharge (FHVD) greatly inhibits the territorial aggression of males. In expt. 2 it was found that hamster territorial aggression is almost completely eliminated by bilateral olfactory bulbectomy but is unaffected by unilateral olfactory bulbectomy. However, bilateral olfactory bulbectomized (BOB) hamsters fought back normally if attacked first. Blinding increased the territorial aggression of male hamsters. In expt. 3 a peripheral means of impairing olfaction was used. The results suggest that it is the olfactory impairment, rather than the loss of some hypothetical non-sensory functions of the olfactory bulbs, that causes the elimination of territorial aggression after olfactory bulbectomy. Because of the extensive secondary and tertiary olfactory projections to the limbic forebrain and hypothalamus, and because most laboratory mammals are macro-osmatic, the nature and degree of olfactory control should be an important consideration in studies on the neural basis of social behavior.
Enabling High Performance Computational Science through Combinatorial Algorithms

The Combinatorial Scientific Computing and Petascale Simulations (CSCAPES) Institute is developing algorithms and software for combinatorial problems that play an enabling role in scientific and engineering computations. Discrete algorithms will be increasingly critical for achieving high performance for irregular problems on petascale architectures. This paper describes recent contributions by researchers at the CSCAPES Institute in the areas of load balancing, parallel graph coloring, performance improvement, and parallel automatic dierentiation.
Influence of emotional expression on the processing of gaze direction

Research demonstrates an influence of gaze direction in emotion recognition. Here we examined whether facial affect similarly influences recognition of gaze direction. Across two studies we found that averted relative to direct gaze was processed more quickly and accurately when coupled with fear, and direct relative to averted gaze with anger. Also evident was that slower overall gaze processing was associated with increased interaction effects between emotion and gaze. Examining individual differences, therefore, enabled us to extend previous research examining speed of processing as a moderator of the interaction effect, while holding constant task demands and stimulus features. Unexpectedly, a main effect emerged such that averted relative to direct gaze was found to be processed more quickly and accurately overall. This effect was not moderated by processing speed and is discussed as a potential stimulus-driven effect that may help explain discrepant findings in the literature.
Anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic activity of GD2 ganglioside-specific monoclonal antibody 3F8 in human melanoma cells

The beneficial clinical effects of immunotherapy with GD2-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in melanoma and neuroblastoma patients have stimulated interest in characterizing the mechanisms underlying their antitumor effects. Previous studies have shown that GD2-specific mAbs mediate complement- and cell-dependent cytotoxicity and induce caspase-dependent apoptosis of tumor cells. In this study, we showed that GD2-specific mAb 3F8, which is undergoing clinical evaluation, inhibited the in vitro growth and induced apoptosis of melanoma cells. This effect was dose- and time-dependent, mediated by the interaction of mAb 3F8 combining site with GD2 ganglioside, associated with GD2 expression level on the cell surface, mAb internalization and increase of GD2 containing endosomes triggered by mAb 3F8. The induction of apoptosis by mAb 3F8 was mediated by caspase 3-, 7-, and 8-dependent pathways, downregulation of the anti-apoptotic molecules survivin and cytochrome c, and caspase 9 independent-AIF release fr...
Cesium XAFS Studies of Solution Phase Cs-Ionophore Complexation

X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) measurements have been made at the Cs LIII absorption edge on 1) 0.04 M concentrations of CsBr in 0.04 M Dibenzo-18-Crown-6 ethers (D18C6) in acetonitrile solution, and 2) crystalline CsBr, CsCl and CsF powders that were used as standards. Due to the many difficulties associated with obtaining high quality XAFS data on these systems, a custom-manufactured 5 mil thick Sc foil was used in conjunction with a Soller slit assembly to improve the XAFS signal to noise ratio by almost a factor of 6. XAFS analyses of the Cs-D18C6 solution show the presence of a 1:1 Cs-D18C6 complex with the Br counter-ion still in contact with the Cs atom. These results are consistent with previous wet chemical studies. The choice of a heavy backscattering Br anion reduces the error in determining the presence of a single backscattering counter ion among the lighter backscattering oxygen and carbon atoms of the crown ether complex. The ability of XAFS to directly probe the anion contact pairing to Cs complexed to a macrocycle opens many exciting avenues for improving extraction methodologies.
Am I the text? A reflection on Paul ricoeur's hermeneutic of selfhood

L'hermeneutique de Paul Ricœur est centree sur le probleme de l'interpretation de soi par le moyen de la reference semantique du monde du texte. Bien que Ricœeur poursuive un examen fort important du rapport entre le discours narratif et le processus de formation de l'identite, la facon dont il prolonge cette dynamique pour y inclure la question du sot est problematique. La distinction qu'il tente de tracer entre deux types d'identites, lies l'un a «ce qu'est» une personne (l'idem-identite) et l'autre a «qui» elle est (l'ipse-identite) enchevetre inevitablement sa comprehension de la pragmatique du soi dans la semantique de l'identite.
A case study of representational activity at a customer-centered business

It is not clear what kinds of content—information and interactive mechanisms—businesses should put into their online sites. The content of existing online businesses is driven by metaphors of the Web as either “online catalog” or “electronic paper.” Such content clearly underutilizes the interactive capabilities of online technologies. In this paper, it is argued that successful businesses have evolved “offline” practices that can beneficially be translated online. The paper shows how such practices can be uncovered by observing business representational activity and coding these observations in terms of the movement of information across media, enabling the systematic exploration of the space of potential interactive mechanisms. Specifically, a method for analyzing business representational activity is introduced. The method is demonstrated on a successful small business that at first might not appear to benefit from online content beyond that provided by the catalog metaphor. However, the analysis reveals several interactive mechanisms, including a product expert that personalizes a combination of products based on customer-specified problems and a mechanism that automatically calculates product consumption rates, sending customers e-mail reminders to repurchase near the end of a product’s life span.
Work in progress — Measuring and enhancing the entrepreneurial mindset of freshman engineering students

Much has been made of the need for our future generations to be more entrepreneurial; that is, creative or innovative, with the ability to act on opportunities. Establishing an entrepreneurial mindset in college students is important to sustain the competitiveness of US economic organizations and the socioeconomic lifestyle of the US population through value and job creation. Despite entreaties to be more entrepreneurial, assessing and methods to nurture creativity and innovation, especially in our technically capable college graduates, remains an elusive goal. The objective of this research is to measure the entrepreneurial mindset of freshman engineering students and to evaluate whether interventions that are introduced through the first year change that mindset and assist engineering students in becoming more entrepreneurial. The first stage of this research is to measure the entrepreneurial mindset of first-year engineering students and how it changes over their freshman experiences, potentially enhanced by interventions specifically aimed at changing freshmen engineers' attitudes, knowledge and skills relative to creativity and innovation.
Is a Separate Block of Time for Oral English Language Development in Programs for English Learners Needed

Abstract The issue of whether to separate English language development (ELD) into a separate instructional block or whether to integrate it with reading/language arts instruction is an unanswered question with theoretical and practical implications. We addressed this question by observing instruction across the year in 85 kindergarten classrooms that varied in (a) whether ELD was a separate block and (b) whether the program was characterized as English immersion or bilingual. Observational data indicated that classrooms with separate ELD blocks had greater percentages of instructional time devoted to oral language and literacy activities for both types of programs. In comparison to English learners in classrooms without separate ELD blocks, English learners in classrooms with separate ELD blocks had modestly but significantly higher English oral language and literacy scores on the Woodcock Language Proficiency Battery, controlling for fall performance. Educational implications are discussed.
Quantifying the effect of dose inhomogeneity in brachytherapy: Application to permanent prostatic implant with 125I seeds

Abstract Purpose: To quantitate the influence of dose inhomogeneity on brachytherapy efficacy. Methods and Materials: A computed tomography-based system of planning, implementation and evaluation was used to generate tumor-specific dose-volume histograms of eight permanent 125 I implants of prostate cancers. The radiobiological effect was then assessed, voxel by voxel, in terms of the biologically effective dose and the associated cell inactivation. The overall cell survival of the entire target volume was then computed. To evaluate the influence of inhomogeneity, the dose-volume histogram was modified in an iterative fashion, with the corresponding surviving fraction calculated after each step. Specifically, the volume in the highest dose bin was combined with that in the next bin to give a new frequency distribution from which cell survival was generated. Tumor control probability (TCP) was also used as an endpoint, using the same iterative procedure. Results: Doses 20–30% higher than D99 (the dose that covered 99% of the target volume) contributed to additional cell inactivation, but still higher doses did not further increase cell kill. With homogeneous irradiation at D 99 as a reference, we defined the inhomogeneity enhancement factor as the ratio of the biologic effective dose of the actual implant to that of the reference dose distribution. The calculated enhancement factors were inversely dependent on tumor potential doubling time (Tp), about 1.2 – 1.3 for a Tp of 30 days, and between 1.3 and 1.7 if Tp=10 days, with higher values for implants with low D99. Dose inhomogeneity enhanced TCP. For implants with high control probabilities, doses significantly higher (> 20%) than the D99 value did not further enhance the tumor control probabilities. In contrast, for implants with relatively low tumor control and D 99 values, the control probability continued to increase with doses significantly higher than D 99 , up to a dose of 2 × D 99 . The underlying reasons were the incorporation of patient "population averaging" in the calculation and the saturation of tumor control dose response at about 120 Gy. Conclusion: Dose heterogeneity in implants increased tumor cell kill and local control probability, although doses > 20% higher than the prescription dose is wasted. The increase the beneficial effect of dose inhomogeneity may be greatest when most needed.
Interpersonal feedback: a social relations perspective.

The social relations model (SRM; Kenny, 1994) is a statistical model for studying interpersonal perception and behavior that can be meaningfully applied to the group therapy situation. It consists of four primary components that correspond to (a) the general emotional or attitudinal climate of the group, (b) the perspective of the perceiver providing the feedback, (c) the group’s consensual view of the target who receives the feedback, and (d) the unique relationship between the perceiver and the target. Because of its rigor and specificity, the components of the SRM may serve as a heuristic for thinking about interpersonal feedback in group therapy. A case example is used to demonstrate how an SRM perspective could guide therapists’ ways of conceptualizing feedback.
Calculated Beam-Loading Effects in the NAL Main-Ring RF System

The synchronous transfer of beam from the booster into the NAL main ring results in a partial turn of beam circulating in the main ring. This situation presents large step changes in beam-loading to the main-ring RF system which must be handled by the cavity-regulation loops. The behavior of the main-ring RF system under these conditions has been studied with the aid of the IBM S/360 Continuous System Modeling Program (CSMP). The CSMP provides an analysis of system behavior starting from a system block diagram and a description of the driving functions. This paper describes the RE system under study and the response predicted by the program to a variety of beam-loading conditions.
Dual-band CMOS transceiver with highly integrated front-end for 450Mb/s 802.11n systems

A 3-stream, 802.11n WLAN MIMO transceiver, with fully integrated PAs and LNAs in both 2.4GHz and 5GHz bands, and a T/R switch in the 2.4GHz band, was implemented in a standard 90nm CMOS technology. The transmitter achieves an EVM of -28dB at output power of 19dBm and 17dBm in the 2.4GHz and 5GHz bands, respectively. The transmitter power consumption per Mb of data, in 3-stream mode, is 3.7mW/Mb and 4.5mW/Mb in the 2.4GHz and 5GHz, respectively. This is four times lower comparing to the single stream (SISO) mode. The receiver NF is 4dB in both bands, and power consumption is 1.6mW/Mb and 1.7mW/Mb, in the 2.4GHz and 5GHz bands, respectively.
The role of hemispheric activation in person perception: evidence for an attentional focus model

Two studies assessed the role of hemispheric activation in person perception. Results of Study 1 supported an attentional focus model of hemispheric differences in person perception as opposed to a stereotyping/individuating model. Relative to left hemisphere-activated participants, right hemisphere-activated participants made more individuating judgments and engaged in more trait level stereotyping, whereas left hemisphere-activated participants engaged in more global stereotyping. In Study 2, greater individuation by participants under higher levels of motivation and ability was shown to be mediated by relatively greater right hemisphere activation. Results of both studies are interpreted in terms of an attentional focus model of person perception. Implications for dual process models of social perception are also discussed.
Blueschist, Eclogite, Paired Metamorphic Belts, and the Early Tectonic History of Hispaniola

Eclogite, associated glaucophane- and garnet-bearing inclusions, serpentinite, micaceous schist and marble, an amphibolite-serpentinite-quartz dike complex, and blueschist define a 180-km-long blueschist belt along northern Hispaniola. In central Hispaniola 80 km south is a parallel greenschist belt. The two belts are separated by a major fault zone. Both belts are of Cretaceous age or older. This occurrence of paired metamorphic belts in Hispaniola is apparently unique to the Greater Antilles. It probably reflects a more rapid convergence during subduction of the Caribbean and American plates in the Hispaniola area than in areas to the east or west. The subduction zone dipped southward beneath Hispaniola before and during the Cretaceous Period. During middle and late Eocene time, tectonic activity in the area changed to vertical uplift and perhaps horizontal offset along the fault zone that separated the two metamorphic belts and along parallel faults to the north. Rapid uplift during this time led to tectonic emplacement and exposure of earlier Benioff zone fragments.
Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3 Suppresses Hepatitis C Virus Replication in an mTOR-Dependent Manner

We and others have observed that hepatic levels of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) are significantly higher in persons with chronic hepatitis C, particularly those who are nonresponders to interferon (IFN) treatment, than in healthy individuals. However, the relationship between SOCS3 and hepatitis C virus (HCV) replication remains unclear. Given its putative role, we hypothesized that SOCS3 is permissive for viral replication. We therefore used the OR6 cell line, which harbors a genotype 1b full-length HCV replicon, and the genotype 2a full-length HCV strain JFH1 infection system to analyze the effects of SOCS3 overexpression and short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated knockdown on HCV replication. We further analyzed the role of mTOR in the effects of SOCS3 by treating selected cells with rapamycin. OR6 cells and JFH1-infected Huh7.5.1 cells expressed significantly less SOCS3 than control cells. Furthermore, inhibition of HCV replication with the HCV protease inhibitor BILN 2061 restored SOCS3 protein levels. SOCS3 overexpression in OR6 cells and JFH1-infected Huh7.5.1 cells resulted in significantly lower HCV replication than that in the control cells, despite SOCS3-related inhibition of STAT1 phosphorylation and type I IFN signaling. In contrast, JFH1-infected cells with stable SOCS3 knockdown expressed higher levels of HCV proteins and RNA than did control cells. SOCS3-targeting shRNA also knocked down mTOR and phospho-mTOR. The mTOR inhibitor rapamycin reversed the inhibitory effects of SOCS3. In independent investigations, SOCS3 unexpectedly suppressed HCV replication in an mTOR-dependent manner. These findings suggest that increased SOCS3 levels consistently observed in chronic IFN nonresponders may reflect a compensatory host antiviral response to persistent infection and that manipulation of SOCS3/mTOR may offer benefit against HCV infection.
Self-organizing neural networks for unsupervised color image recognition

Presents a new self-organizing neural network system for color image recognition for any given image data set without a priori information about the number of clusters or cluster centers. The system has a self-organizing feature that utilizes multiple valued information in the process of updating weights between the input layer and distance layer. This model has the shape of a one dimensional ring-structure, with every neuron influencing its two nearest neighbors. Input vectors are distributed to each neuron in parallel. The model showed good convergence properties for several test data sets. Comparisons with original color images and reconstructed images are also presented. >
Comparative-Generative Models of a New Guinea Melodic Structure1

Using a New Guinea music system for illustration, three methods of melodic description are utilized: (1) the flow diagram, (2) formulas, and (3) a geometric model. The three methods are proposed as useful tools in the areas of melodic description, comparison of musical styles or systems and composing in a given ethnic style or system.
Numerical analysis of size reduction of municipal solid waste particles on the traveling grate of a waste-to-energy combustion chamber

The size reduction of municipal solid waste (MSW) particles on the reverse acting traveling grate of a waste-to-energy (WTE) combustion chamber was estimated by means of a numerical model combining the particle size distributions (PSD) of MSW and combustion residues and the Shrinking Core Model (SCM). This new integrated model was used to simulate the particle behavior on the grate. During their travel on the moving grate, the sizes of the particles are reduced by combustion, breakage, and compaction. This study shows the calculation of the particle size change using this model and comparison of the numerically derived PSDs of MSW and ash particles with experimental data. There is good agreement between calculated and measured values.
Training snakes to find object boundaries and evaluating them

We describe how to teach deformable models (snakes) to find object boundaries based on user-specified criteria, and we present a method for evaluating which criteria work best. These methods prove indispensable in abdominal CT images. Further work is needed in heart ultrasound images. The methods apply in any domain with consistent image conditions characterizing object boundaries, for which automated identification is nontrivial, perhaps due to interfering detail. A traditional strongest-edge-seeking snake fails to find an object's boundary when the strongest nearby image edges are not the ones sought. But we show how to instead learn, from training data, the relation between a shape and any image feature, as the probability distribution (PDF) of a function of image and shape. An important but neglected task has always been to select image qualities to guide a model. Because success depends on the relation of objective function (PDF) output to shape correctness, it is evaluated using a sampling of ground truth, a random model of the range of shapes tried during optimization, and a measure of shape closeness. The test results are evaluated for incidence of 'false positives' (scoring better than ground truth) versus incorrectness, and for the objective function's monotonicity with respect to incorrectness. Monotonicity is measured using correlation coefficient and using the newly introduced distance from closest increasing function. Domain-dependent choices must be tested. We analyze several Gaussian models fitting image intensity and perpendicular gradient at the object boundary, as well as the traditional sum of gradient magnitudes. The latter model is found inadequate in our domains; some of the former succeed.
Improving interdisciplinary research: Integrating the social and natural sciences

Abstract The relationship between social sciences and natural sciences in the natural resource area is explored. Five barriers to joint involvement of the social and natural sciences include the weakness of the social sciences, a perceived illegitimacy of the social sciences, the punishments associated with interdisciplinary research, the lack of disciplinary support structures, and conflicts over power and control. Progress toward bringing research together in these two clusters of disciplines might be enhanced by institutional and administrative support to develop specific research structures for interdisciplinary natural resource related research; the physical, social, and organizational integration necessary to improve the image of interdisciplinary research and to increase rewards for individual scientists; and efforts to improve the science by specific funding for interdisciplinary natural resource research.
Characterization of Pd/V Multilayer Structures by High-Angle Annular Dark-Field Microscopy and High Resolution Tem

The structures of e-beam evaporated Pd/V multilayer thin films, which were fabricated at different substrate temperatures, have been characterized by high-angle annular dark-field microscopy and high resolution electron microscopy techniques. X-ray scattering and crosssectional electron microscopy showed that both the Pd and V layers are composed of small textured crystallites with dominant orientations of Pd (111) and V (110). It is found that Pd/V multilayers with high chemical modulation can be fabricated at substrate temperatures around 350 K and at a deposition rate of 0.2 nm/s. Here high-angle annular dark-field microscopy has been shown to provide direct information about the compositional variation of the interlayers of these ML.
NATO's evolving purposes and the next Strategic Concept

Is there a conflict between the Alliance's original and enduring purpose of collective defence and its post-Cold War crisis management functions? This is an ill-framed debate, because the home base must be secure in order to support expeditionary power projection. The allies have, moreover, moved away from a static, reactive, and territorial concept of collective defence towards a more ‘proactive’ and ‘anticipatory’ approach. Some experts have even referred to a ‘deterritorialization’ of collective defence. Other issues also illustrate the changing dimensions of collective defence—missile defence, cyber warfare, space operations, the risk of state-sponsored terrorism involving weapons of mass destruction, political–military dynamics in the Middle East and the Asia–Pacific region, and the risk of a non-Article 5 operation becoming a collective defence contingency. Despite disagreements on how to pursue shared goals, the allies may yet demonstrate that they have the vision and political will to meet the new challenges. The question of the Alliance's ‘level of ambition’ in capabilities is inseparable from that of its agreed purposes and burden-sharing to achieve them.
Differential growth response to increasing growing stock and structural complexity in even- and uneven-sized mixed Picea abies stands in southern Finland

Widespread application of the selection system will depend on whether creating stands with uneven-sized (UES) structures comes at the expense of net periodic annual basal area increment (PAI) compared with stands with even-sized (ES) structures. I modeled PAI on growing stock and structural complexity over 12 years in midrotation stands with ES and UES structure types. Average PAI of the largest trees did not differ among types and decreased with increasing stocking, whereas PAI of the smallest trees in the UES type declined with stocking. Trees ≥ 10 cm in diameter grew more slowly in the ES type than the UES type, but no difference was seen after incorporating small trees (down to 5 or 2 cm). In the ES type, PAI of most trees increased linearly with increasing stocking, whereas in the UES type, it increased only up to ∼20 m2·ha−1. As structural complexity increased, PAI of the largest trees increased in the ES type, whereas PAI of all but the largest trees decreased in the UES type. Neither silvicultural...
The relationship between early attachment and adolescent risky behaviors with changes in loneliness in a mediating role.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EARLY ATTACHMENT AND ADOLESCENT RISKY BEHAVIORS WITH CHANGES IN LONELINESS IN A MEDIATING ROLE Sze Sze Tong April 12, 2013 The premise that attachment in the early stages of development is influential on future development has been extensively researched. Though research denotes that attachment in early development does influence behavioral outcomes in later stages of development, the path of influence is an indirect one, often involving more temporally proximal mediating variables (i.e. mediating variables that occur in the time between the assessment of attachment in the early stages and the measurement of behavioral outcome variables in the later stages of development). Previous research in this area has identified various mediating variables: relationship variables, individual child characteristics, environmental variables, and behavioral constructs. Of these constructs, internalizing behaviors is not as extensively researched. Also, these mediating variables are generally measured at one time point between the predictor variable and the outcome variable which does not adequately represent the dynamic nature of these constructs. This dissertation extends current research by examining the impact of temporal changes in an often neglected construct within the umbrella of internalizing behaviors, childhood loneliness, on the relationship between attachment in the early stages of development and risk behaviors in the later stages of adolescence.
The Expanding Role of the mammalian Target of RapamycinComplex 2 (mTORC2) in Cellular Metabolism

The mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) nutrient-sensing pathway plays a fundamental role in cell growth, and proliferation, as well as in tumor metabolism. mTOR is the catalytic subunit that nucleates two functionally and structurally distinct complexes namely; mTORC1 (mammalian Target of Rapamycin Complex 1) and mTORC2 (mammalian Target of Rapamycin Complex 2). mTORC1 integrates inputs from nutrients, growth factors, and environmental cues; and transduces signals to downstream targets to promote anabolism and decrease catabolism. As such, mTORC1 is considered a master regulator of metabolism, cell growth, and proliferation. mTORC1 is activated by PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinases)-Akt/PKB (protein kinase B) and Ras- ERK ( extracellular signal-regulated kinase) pathways, both of which are the most common oncogenic signaling pathways activated in cancer. Recently, mTORC2 emerged as an important contributor to cellular and tumormetabolism. mTORC2 receives inputs mainly from growth factors and regulates the organization of actin cytoskeleton, cell survival, and cellular metabolism. This review focuses on the role of mTORC2 in cellular metabolism and cancer metabolism. Understanding the underpinning of mTORC2 signaling and targeting both mTORC1 and mTORC2 complexes, holds promise for regimens in cancer early detection, monitoring, and treatment.
Surface superconductivity and Hc3 in UPt3.

Surface superconductivity is studied within Ginzburg-Landau theory for two classes of models for the order parameter of UPt{sub 3}. The first class assumes two independent one-dimensional order parameters ({ital AB} models), while the second assumes a single two-dimensional order parameter ({ital E} models). {ital H}{sub {ital c}3} is calculated for all cases where the surface normal and magnetic field lie along high-symmetry directions. Assuming specular reflection, it is found that except when {ital H}{parallel}{ital c}{bold {circ}}, the ratio {ital H}{sub {ital c}3}/{ital H}{sub {ital c}2} is either unity or equals its {open_quote}{open_quote}{ital s}-wave{close_quote}{close_quote} value 1.695, although the precise {ital H}{sub {ital c}3} vs {ital T} curve predicted by the {ital AB} and {ital E} models differs for various geometries. The results are compared with recent experiments, and predictions are made for future experiments. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society.}
Comprehensive Public Water Supply Planning

Comprehensive planning for public water supplies in New York provides a logical method of anticipating 50-yr water utility needs. It introduces a general plan to meet the requirements of a multimunicipal area based on long-range population and water usage projections. Comprehensive planning may be divided into two elements: one involving the individual study; the other a systematic scheme integrating all studies into a statewide master plan. Major successes of the program include the completion of studies for nearly every county and adherence to the defined scope of services. Program flexibility has produced changes resulting in the broader definition of study areas. Periodic updating and review of the statewide system, if employing an automation data process, will require the creation of a uniform data base from the many different types of data presently available.
Notes: Probability as Applied to the Design of Experiments in Health, Physical Education, and Recreation

(1955). Notes: Probability as Applied to the Design of Experiments in Health, Physical Education, and Recreation. Research Quarterly. American Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation: Vol. 26, No. 4, pp. 486-487.
Impact of the 2010 resuscitation guidelines training on layperson chest compressions

BACKGROUND: Survival from cardiac arrest is sensitive to the quality of delivered CPR. In 2010, updated international resuscitation guidelines emphasized deeper chest compressions and faster rates, yet it is unknown whether training laypersons using updated guidelines resulted in changed CPR performance. We hypothesized that laypersons taught CPR using the 2010 guidelines performed deeper and faster compressions than those taught using the 2005 materials. METHODS: This work represents a secondary analysis of a study conducted at eight hospitals where family members of hospitalized cardiac patients were trained in CPR. An initial cohort was trained using the 2005 guidelines, and a subsequent cohort was trained using the 2010 guideline materials. Post training, CPR skills were quantifi ed using a recording manikin. RESULTS: Between May 2009 to August 2013, 338 subjects completed the assessment. Among the subjects, 176 received 2005 training and 162 underwent 2010 training. The mean compression rate in the 2005 cohort was 87 (95%CI 83–90) per minute, and in the 2010 cohort was 86 (95% CI 83–90) per minute ( P=ns), while the mean compression depth was 34 (95% CI 32–35) mm in the 2005 cohort and 46 (95%CI 44–47) mm in the 2010 cohort (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Training with the 2010 CPR guidelines resulted in a statistically significant increase in trainees' compression depth but there was no change in compression rate. Nevertheless, the majority of CPR performed by trainees in both cohorts was below the guideline recommendation, highlighting an important gap between training goals and trainee performance.