cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Social Justice and the University Community: Does Campus Involvement Make a Difference?

We examined perceptions on school sense of community and social justice attitudes among undergraduates (N = 427; 308 women, 115 men; M age = 19.72, SD = 1.91), and how year in school and club membership affected these constructs. Results demonstrated that involvement with a greater number of clubs was associated with having a stronger school sense of community and more positive social justice attitudes. Multiple regression analyses demonstrated that year in school did not significantly predict social justice attitudes. Results suggested that greater involvement and sense of school belonging might be linked to social justice attitudes.
An Experimental Test of the Persuasive Effect of Source Similarity in Narrative and Nonnarrative Health Blogs

Background: Blogs, or websites containing online personal journals, are a form of popular personal communication with immense potential for health promotion. Objective: Narratives are stories with a beginning, middle, and end that provide information about the characters and plot. Source similarity refers to the degree to which the message source and each recipient are alike with respect to certain attributes. Narratives and source similarity have seldom been examined in tandem as strategies for health persuasion. Personal health blogs provide a suitable platform for such an investigation. This study examined the persuasive effects of message type and source similarity on participants’ intentions to adopt a specific health behavior (running for exercise). Methods: A total of 150 participants were randomly assigned to conditions (n=25 per condition) in a completely crossed, 2 (message type: narrative and nonnarrative) × 3 (source similarity: no similarity, non-health-related similarity, and health-related similarity) between-subjects experiment. First, in an online questionnaire, participants provided personal information in 42 categories and rated the relatedness of each category to running and then completed pretest measures of the dependent variables. Based on their responses, 150 personal health blogs were created. Two weeks later, the initial participants read the blog created with their personal characteristics and completed a questionnaire online. Results: The source similarity effect was stronger in nonnarrative than narrative blogs. When the blogs were nonnarrative, those with health-related similarities were more persuasive than those with non-health-related similarities. Narrative blogs generated more positive thoughts and stronger blogger identification than nonnarrative blogs. Conclusions: Health-related source similarity is key for persuasive health communication, especially when the messages are nonnarrative. [J Med Internet Res 2013;15(7):e142]
Metal enhanced fluorescence of the fluorescent brightening agent Tinopal-CBX near silver island film

Abstract Metal-enhanced fluorescence (MEF) studies of the optical brightener Tinopal-CBS (4,4′- distyrylbiphenyl sulfonic sodium salt) have been undertaken using steady-state and time resolved fluorescence measurements on silver island films (SiFs) deposited on glass slides and silver nano-particles adsorbed onto cellulose based filter paper. Nearly a 4.5 fold enhancement in fluorescence intensity is observed from both SiFs and nano-particle deposited cellulose filter paper. In addition an enhanced photostability and decrease in decay time is also observed on SiFs. These results are consistent with two distinct mechanisms of MEF, firstly coupling and transferring of the excited states energies of fluorophores to surface plasmons in the silver island deposited glass films, and secondly, an electric field enhancement effect, which facilitates enhanced absorption of the fluorophores. Our findings reveal significant benefits of enhanced luminescence and prolonged photostability of Tinopal CBS. As such, Plasmon-tinopal constructs offer new material opportunities as well as multifarious applications in the life sciences.
Domestic abuse and HIV-risk behavior in Latin American men who have sex with men in New York city.

Abstract This study was conducted with 273 Latin American men who have sex with men living in the New York metropolitan area. The results show that 51% of the men reported having experienced domestic abuse at least once in their relationships. Up to 12% of these men had been forced to have receptive anal sex without condoms by one of their partners since 1981. Thirty-three percent of the respondents reported having experienced verbal and psychological abuse, and 35% reported physical abuse (but not sexual) perpetrated by one of their partners. Statistical analysis found strong correlation between being a victim of physical and sexual abuse, and practicing receptive anal sex without condoms. Additional tests showed strong relationships between having experienced sexual abuse during childhood, using recreational drugs, having low self-esteem and self-worth, and experiencing domestic abuse in intimate adult relationships.
Can microRNAs control vascular smooth muscle phenotypic modulation and the response to injury

Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) migration and proliferation are critical events in vascular proliferative diseases. Recent studies have established microRNAs (miRNAs) as important mediators for the modulation of VSMC phenotype by targeting transcription factors and the cytoskeleton, which act as molecular switches for VSMC differentiation. The importance of miRNAs for VSMC development, differentiation, and function is evident by the fact that loss of the miRNA processing enzyme Dicer in VSMCs results in embryonic lethality due to severe vascular abnormalities. Similar abnormalities are observed in adult miR-143/145 knockout mice, indicating that these miRNAs are important for VSMC differentiation and function. However, since miR-143/145 knockout is not embryonically lethal, additional miRNA must be required during embryonic development of VSMCs. In addition, specific miRNAs such as miR-145, miR-21, and miR-221 have been found to regulate neointimal hyperplasia following vascular injury, which provides interesting possibilities for future therapeutical targets against vascular disease. Herein, we summarize recent advances regarding the role of miRNAs in VSMC phenotype modulation and response to injury.
The treatment of hypertension with 1-hydrazinophthalazine (Apresoline)

Abstract Forty-two per cent of forty patients with hypertensive vascular disease had blood pressure determinations within normal limits after treatment with 1-hydrazinophthalazine (Apresoline). Another 23 per cent of the patients had a lowered blood pressure but not to constantly normal levels. The remaining 35 per cent of the patients had severe side effects from the drug, necessitating its discontinuance, although several of these patients had a lowered blood pressure during treatment.
Bone: Nature of the Calcium Phosphate Crystals and Cellular, Structural, and Physical Chemical Mechanisms in Their Formation

Calcium phosphate is the dominant solid mineral phase within the skeletal and dental tissues of vertebrates. This chapter concentrates on the structure and composition of the solid calcium inorganic orthophosphate (Ca–Pi) phase in bone and the mechanisms that are thought to induce the onset of this mineralization process as an example of biological mineralization in general. It is important to recognize that the Ca–Pi mineral phase is deposited in a living tissue and is a substance that is continuously being synthesized, resorbed and replaced by the action of living cells. Therefore, the composition, structure and other properties of the solid Ca–Pi mineral phase will change in space and time, depending on the general body metabolism and the local cellular functions in specific regions of bone. Similar considerations arise in studies of the mineralized tissues of invertebrates, where the crystals consist of various lattice arrangements of CaCO3 (calcite, aragonite, vaterite) deposited in hierarchical arrangement with the constituents of the ordered organic matrices. Furthermore, the nature of the Ca–Pi phase in bone is significantly different from synthetic, highly crystallized and geological hydroxylapatites, which is reflected in the physical, structural properties and physiological functions of the biological apatites. This chapter is an attempt to summarize at least some of the historical background leading to the more recent research over the past several decades. The focus here is on investigations at the molecular and nano-scales, now possible both theoretically and experimentally, which have been applied to determine the “nature” of the solid Ca–Pi mineral phase of bone and other calcified vertebrate tissues from the inception of mineralization to the changes that occur during crystal maturation (“crystal aging”) and the “normal” aging of the animal. The topics addressed below include an introduction to the basic concepts, relevant terminology and cellular events involved in bone …
Molecular organization of the glutathione reductase gene in Drosophila melanogaster.

Glutathione reductase catalyzes the conversion of the oxidized form of glutathione to regenerate reduced glutathione, which acts as a versatile intracellular reductant. The present study provides initial characterization of the glutathione reductase gene inDrosophila melanogasterand its response to experimentally induced oxidative stress.DrosophilacDNA clones were isolated, based on cross-hybridization to theMusca domesticaglutathione reductase cDNA. Genomic clones were isolated by cross-hybridization with theDrosophilacDNA as hybridization probe. Northern analysis of adultDrosophilapoly(A)+RNA, utilizing theDrosophilacDNA probe, revealed a hybridization signal in the 2-kb range. The entire sequence of one cDNA was determined. In addition to a coding domain of 1431 bases, the sequence included 206 bases upstream of a putative start codon and 355 bases downstream of a putative stop codon. Based on the cDNA sequence, the 476 amino acid sequence of theDrosophilaglutathione reductase gene was deduced and was found to have extensive similarities with the glutathione reductase gene from other species. Gene mapping of a 13-kb genomic fragment revealed that the glutathione reductase gene consists of at least two exons spanning approximately 5 kb. A first exon contains sequence for only the first 5 amino acids and the first base of the sixth and appears to be separated by a ca. 2.5-kb intron from the remainder of the coding region, which is confined to <2 kb. TheDrosophilaglutathione reductase is single copy and its cytogenetic position, as determined byin situhybridization, is 7D-E on the X chromosome. mRNA levels of glutathione reductase, measured by RT-PCR, increased in response to exposure to 100% ambient oxygen by almost twofold and administration of paraquat by greater than threefold. Exposure of flies to hyperoxia also induced a 60% increase in the activity of glutathione reductase and augmented the concentration of total glutathione by ca. 40% following an initial drop. The present study, besides providing an initial molecular characterization of the glutathione reductase gene inDrosophila,demonstrates its dynamic involvement in response to experimentally induced oxidative stress.
Measurement of Independent Variables Which Affect Communication: A Replication of Roberts and O'Reilly:

This study examines Roberts and O'Reilly's scales measuring trust in the immediate superior, desire for promotion, and perceived supervisory influence for 2700 personnel in a soft-goods company. These measures are particularly important since these variables have traditionally been identified as major factors affecting communications within organizations. Results partially support use of these scales. However, methodological difficulties with these scales are also pointed out, and it is suggested that they need further development.
Charge transport in molecularly doped polymers: a catalog of correlated disorder arising from long-range interactions

Correlation functions for energetic disorder arising from charge-charge, charge-dipole, and charge-induced-dipole interactions are calculated. These are integrated to determine the mobility for transport in one dimension. Compatibility with the Poole-Frenkel law is examined as a function of temperature and concentration.
Materials for an exploratory theory of the network society

This article aims at proposing some elements for a grounded theory of the network society. The network society is the social structure characteristic of the Information Age, as tentatively identified by empirical, cross-cultural investigation. It permeates most societies in the world, in various cultural and institutional manifestations, as the industrial society characterized the social structure of both capitalism and statism for most of the twentieth century. Social structures are organized around relationships of production/consumption, power, and experience, whose spatio-temporal configurations constitute cultures. They are enacted, reproduced, and ultimately transformed by social actors, rooted in the social structure, yet freely engaging in conflictive social practices, with unpredictable outcomes. A fundamental feature of social structure in the Information Age is its reliance on networks as the key feature of social morphology. While networks are old forms of social organization, they are now empowered by new information/communication technologies, so that they become able to cope at the same time with flexible decentralization, and with focused decision-making. The article examines the specific interaction between network morphology and relationships of production/consumption, power, experience, and culture, in the historical making of the emerging social structure at the turn of the Millennium.
Gene transfer of β-adrenergic signaling components for heart failure

Heart failure represents one of the leading causes for morbidity and mortality in this country. Despite advances in clinical management, no significant improvements in prognosis have been achieved. Heart failure itself represents a final common endpoint for several disease entities, including hypertension, coronary artery disease, and cardiomyopathy. However, certain biochemical features remain common to the failing myocardium. Foremost among these are alterations in the β-adrenergic receptor signaling system including G protein and associated regulatory proteins. Recent advances in myocardial transgenic and gene transfer techniques have supported the hypothesis that, on a molecular level, the β-adrenergic receptor system is a viable therapeutic target for the treatment of heart failure. In this review, we will discuss the biochemical changes that accompany heart failure as well as corresponding novel therapeutic strategies that were uncovered by studies in transgenic mice as well as with β-adrenergic receptor based gene therapy studies in larger animals.
Characterization of in vivo salivary-derived enamel pellicle

Salivary proteins and glycoproteins that participate in the formation of 2-h in vivo enamel pellicle were determined utilizing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis [sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS)-PAGE and anionic PAGE]/Western transfer analyses, and specific radiolabelling/SDS-PAGE fluorography. The sensitivity of these methods permitted the identification of individual members of different salivary protein families. The major components of this pellicle were salivary alpha-amylase, cysteine-containing phosphoprotein (CCP or cystatins), salivary mucin and sIgA. Glycosylated amylase was present in larger quantity than the non-glycosylated species. Only CCP1 (cystatin SA-I) of the cysteine-containing phosphoprotein family was identified. The higher molecular-weight salivary mucin (MG1), but not the lower molecular-weight species (MG2), was detected. These results extend earlier observations regarding the selective nature of salivary protein adsorption to enamel surface by demonstrating that only specific members of salivary protein families are involved in 2-h in vivo enamel pellicle formation. The findings also suggest that individual family members may have different functions in the mouth.
Health Hazards and Academic Technology

Humorist Louis Lippman describes how proper lecture etiquette requires a professor to twist repeatedly between screen and paying customers to read and explain his Powerpoint projections. Such Rotary Academic Whiplash invariably results in the gravest of musculo-pedagogical distress. (Contains 1 note.) Language: en
Invariant subspaces of the Lawrence–Krammer representation

The Lawrence-Krammer representation was used in 2000 to show the linearity of the braid group. The problem had remained open for many years. The fact that the Lawrence-Krammer representation of the braid group is reducible for some complex values of its two parameters is now known, as well as the complete description of these values. It is also known that when the representation is reducible, the action on a proper invariant subspace is an Iwahori-Hecke algebra action. In this paper, we prove a theorem of classification for the invariant subspaces of the Lawrence-Krammer space. We classify the invariant subspaces in terms of Specht modules. We fully describe them in terms of dimension and spanning vectors in the Lawrence-Krammer space.
Solid-State NMR Study of Magnesium Incorporation in Aluminophosphate of Type 20

Magnesium aluminophosphate of type 20 (sodalite structure) was synthesized with two different levels of metal substitution. The amount of Mg from the gel entering into the crystal framework upon hydrothermal treatment varied to maintain Mg ordering in the lattice. The occluded tetramethylammonium hydroxide molecules could not be removed when the structure contained > 1 Mg/sodalite cage. At 1 Mg/sodalite cage, calcination resulted in the partial removal of Mg into the extraframework sites. Nevertheless, the calcinedmaterial contained two different bridging hydroxyl groups located at P(2Al,2Mg) and P(3Al,1Mg) sites corresponding to resonances at -19.3 and -27.7 ppm in the {sup 31}P spectrum, respectively. 15 refs., 6 figs., 2 tabs.
The effect of fineness of sulfadiazine and wetting agents on diffusion from ointment bases

The diffusion rates of microcrystalline and powdered sulfadiazine from several different types of ointment bases have been compared. From hydrophilic ointment bases microcrystalline sulfadiazine diffused more rapidly than the powdered drug. The addition of sodium lauryl sulfate to white ointment containing sulfadiazine increased slightly the liberation of microcrystalline sulfadiazine.
Chapter Three: Had We but World Enough, and Time …

Librarians hardly have time to learn the new technology before it changes, or they spend so much time learning new technologies they have no time to plan for its effective use or how to teach it to others. In the library world collection development, even after almost a decade of discussing access rather than ownership, has proved remarkably resistant to change at the operational level. Almost every librarian, as well as thoughtful university administrators and concerned faculty members, realizes that the ownership model requires fundamental restructuring
Integrating New Technical Staff: Implications for Acquiring New Technology

Hiring new staff in R&D provides an important opportunity for a firm to acquire new technological knowledge. It also takes a considerable length of time before new R&D staff become fully integrated into the organization. This study compares the communication patterns of new and veteran R&D staff as a function of their work activities. The results suggest that both the benefits and problems in the hiring and integration of new R&D staff is moderated by the type of research, development or technical service work involved. Particular attention should be paid to the integration of new staff involved in new product or process development, where the benefits of bringing in new people are great, but the communication barriers to overcome are also found to be the most serious.
Chemical vapor deposition of phase-rich WC thin films on silicon and carbon substrates

Abstract Chemical vapor deposition was used to deposit tungsten carbide from a mixture of WCl6, H2 and C3H8 at 750–1050 °C on silicon and carbon substrates. The phase composition of the films was correlated with substrate temperature, substrate position in the reactor, and total flow rates. X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were employed to investigate the surface and bulk properties of the thin films. Thick, adherent films of phase-rich hexagonal WC were deposited using 1.3 × 103 Pa total pressure, 1050 °C substrate temperature, and reactant flow rates of H2/C3H8/Ar/WCl6 = 1.8 × 10− 2/3.6 × 10− 3/8.9 × 10− 4/1.8 × 10− 4 mol/min, where Ar is the carrier gas. The surface composition was oxygen and carbon rich as compared with the bulk.
WE-D-9A-06: Open Source Monitor Calibration and Quality Control Software for Enterprise Display Management

Purpose: Medical display monitor calibration and quality control present challenges to medical physicists. The purpose of this work is to demonstrate and share experiences with an open source package that allows for both initial monitor setup and routine performance evaluation. Methods: A software package, pacsDisplay, has been developed over the last decade to aid in the calibration of all monitors within the radiology group in our health system. The software is used to calibrate monitors to follow the DICOM Grayscale Standard Display Function (GSDF) via lookup tables installed on the workstation. Additional functionality facilitates periodic evaluations of both primary and secondary medical monitors to ensure satisfactory performance. This software is installed on all radiology workstations, and can also be run as a stand-alone tool from a USB disk. Recently, a database has been developed to store and centralize the monitor performance data and to provide long-term trends for compliance with internal standards and various accrediting organizations. Results: Implementation and utilization of pacsDisplay has resulted in improved monitor performance across the health system. Monitor testing is now performed at regular intervals and the software is being used across multiple imaging modalities. Monitor performance characteristics such as maximum and minimum luminance, ambient luminance and illuminance, color tracking, and GSDF conformity are loaded into a centralized database for system performance comparisons. Compliance reports for organizations such as MQSA, ACR, and TJC are generated automatically and stored in the same database. Conclusion: An open source software solution has simplified and improved the standardization of displays within our health system. This work serves as an example method for calibrating and testing monitors within an enterprise health system.
Nature of Intermediates in Organo-SOMO Catalysis of α-Arylation of Aldehydes

The intramolecular alpha-arylation of aldehydes via organo-SOMO catalysis was investigated using density functional theory (B3LYP and M06-2X functionals). The geometries, spin densities, Mulliken charges, and molecular orbitals of the reacting enamine radical cations were analyzed, and the nature of the resulting cyclized radical cation intermediates was characterized. In agreement with experimental observations, the calculated 1,3-disubstituted aromatic system shows ortho selectivity, while the 1,3,4-trisubstituted systems show para, meta (instead of ortho, meta) selectivity. The selectivity change for the trisubstituted rings is attributed to a distortion of the ortho substituents in the ortho, meta cyclization transition structures that causes a destabilization of these isomers and therefore results in selectivity for the para, meta product.
Interactions between spacecraft and their environments

Spacecraft inevitably interact with their environments. Besides the interactions one immediately thinks of in space (zero-g, solar heating, atmospheric drag, expansion into vacuum conditions, etc.) other interactions are also important. Those of interest to spacecraft designers so far may be grouped under several headings; plasma interactions and spacecraft charging, impact of debris and micrometeoroids, chemical reactions with neutral species, radiation degradation, etc. Researchers have made great progress in defining and evaluating the interactions of spacecraft with their expected ambient environments near Earth and in interplanetary space. Some of these interactions are discussed with an eye toward expanding our knowledge into new environments, such as may be found at the moon and Mars, that will interact in new and different ways with exploring spacecraft and spacefarers.
European soil remediation research: 1992–1994

Abstract European soil remediation for contaminated sites is extensive in some countries and modest in others. Governments of European countries fund substantial research efforts in this field. Their objectives are (1) development of new concepts to achieve lower costs and greater availability of technology and (2) reduction of the differences generally perceived between soil concentration standards and the capability of available technology to meet such standards. Information on soil remediation research was gathered from four countries (Germany, the Netherlands, U.K., and Italy) and the European Union to provide the reader with better insights and opportunities to pursue further areas of joint interest. Four foci for critical soil remediation research in Europe were identified for this review. The first was the availability of individual chemical constituents to respective site cleanup technologies and to underlying mechanisms for remediation. Enhancement of the range of biological treatment potential (...
Some new results on electron transport in the atmosphere

The penetration, diffusion and slowing down of electrons in a semi-infinite air medium has been studied by the Monte Carlo method. The results are applicable to the atmosphere at altitudes up to 300 km. Most of the results pertain to monoenergetic electron beams injected into the atmosphere at a height of 300 km, either vertically downwards or with a pitch-angle distribution isotropic over the downward hemisphere. Some results were also obtained for various initial pitch angles between 0 deg and 90 deg. Information has been generated concerning the following topics: (1) the backscattering of electrons from the atmosphere, expressed in terms of backscattering coefficients, angular distributions and energy spectra of reflected electrons, for incident energies T(o) between 2 keV and 2 MeV; (2) energy deposition by electrons as a function of the altitude, down to 80 km, for T(o) between 2 keV and 2 MeV; (3) the corresponding energy depostion by electron-produced bremsstrahlung, down to 30 km; (4) the evolution of the electron flux spectrum as function of the atmospheric depth, for T(o) between 2 keV and 20 keV. Energy deposition results are given for incident electron beams with exponential and power-exponential spectra.
Measure of Acculturation for Chicano Adolescents

A paper-and-pencil measure of acculturation for Chicano adolescents was developed using multiple regression techniques and 924 Chicano and Anglo high school students in three Southern California co...
Studies of Sulfate Utilization by Algae 8. The Ubiquity of Sulfate Reduction to Thiosulfate

Cell-free extracts from several microorganisms, when prepared by methods originally devised for Chlorella pyrenoidosa (Emerson strain 3) and incubated anaerobically with ATP, Mg(2+), and 2, 3-dimercaptopropan-1-ol, are capable of reducing sulfate-(35)S to thiosulfate. These microorganisms include, in addition to C. pyrenoidosa (Emerson strain 3), several other strains of C. pyrenoidosa, Chlorella protothecoides, Chlorella vulgaris, Anacystis sp., Chlamydomonas reinhardi, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, and baker's yeast. Three of these organisms, E. coli, S. typhimurium, and baker's yeast, were previously reported by others to reduce sulfate to sulfite. Moreover, three mutant strains of S. typhimurium (Ba-25, Ce-363, and Bc-482) previously reported by other workers to be unable to reduce sulfate to sulfite also cannot form thiosulfate, and one mutant strain (Cd-68) reportedly able to form sulfite can also form thiosulfate. Taken together, this suggests that thiosulfate-forming activity may be a common feature of sulfate-reducing systems, and it may be present in enzymatic systems previously thought to be forming sulfite. Reasonably conclusive identification of thiosulfate is provided by ion exchange chromatography and by paper electrophoresis; the ambiguities associated with other analytical methods are discussed.
Inhibition of ribonuclease. Efficacy of sodium dodecyl sulfate, diethyl pyrocarbonate, protein ase K and heparin using a sensitive ribonuclease assay.

Abstract The effectiveness of several commonly used inhibitors of ribonuclease (RNAase) has been studied using the removal of radio-labelled leucine from leucyl-tRNA as a sensitive assay for RNAase activity. The inhibitors were tested under a variety of conditions, varying the temperature, the pH, and the source of RNAase. When each inhibitor is used separately in the presence of pancreatic RNAase, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) is the most effective; but during long exposures to temperatures above 0°C considerable amounts of RNA are still degraded. Combinations of inhibitors are more effective in preserving RNA; with this assay, a combination of SDS with diethyl pyrocarbonate is the most effective. Proteinase K acts as an inhibitor when used in combination with SDS; however, it has RNAase activity when used by itself. Diethyl pyrocarbonate, when used at the high range of concentrations employed by others for RNAase inhibition, reacts with RNA changing its charge. However, when diethyl pyrocarbonate is used in smaller amounts the effects on RNA are minimal, and when used in combination with SDS it effectively inhibits RNAase.
The hybrid finite boundary element solutions of waveguide problems

The hybrid finite-element-boundary-element method is used to solve for the electromagnetic fields in and around waveguides. The method is shown to be well adapted for the solution of these problems. Finite elements are used to represent the waveguide, source structure, and region surrounding the waveguide. The boundary-element method is used to represent the exterior region and can be used to find the far field. An implementation using second-order elements is used to study a specific case. >
Pseudofunction theory of the electronic structure of InN

The energy-band structure of InN is predicted using the pseudofunction method (a first-principles, self-consistent local-density scheme). Some significant differences exist between this electronic structure and extrapolated empirical tight-binding theory for InN.
Model studies on the analysis of pyruvic acid acetal-containing polysaccharides by the reductive-cleavage method

Abstract The 4,6- O -(1-methoxycarbonylethylidene), -(hydroxyisopropylidene), and -(methoxyisopropylidene) acetals of methyl 2,3-di- O -methyl-α- d -glucopyranoside were subjected to reductive cleavage in the presence of triethylsilane and trimethylsilyl methanesulfonate-boron trifluoride etherate (Me 3 SiOMs-BF 3 ·Et 2 O), BF 3 ·Et 2 O, or trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate (Me 3 SiOSO 2 CF 3 ) and the mole fractions of products were determined as a function of reaction time. The 4,6-(1-methoxycarbonylethylidene) acetal was quite stable to reductive-cleavage conditions but isomerization of the initial R,S mixture of diastereomers to the more-stable S diastereoisomer was noted. In addition, a slow, regiospecific, reductive ring-opening of the acetal was observed to give 6- O -[1-(methoxycarbonyl)ethyl] derivatives. The 4,6-(hydroxyisopropylidene) acetal was very unstable under reductive-cleavage conditions. Both Me 3 SiOMs-BF 3 ·Et 2 O and Me 3 SiOSO 2 CF 3 catalyzed complete removal of the group, via the intermediate 6-[1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl] ether, but BF 3 ·Et 2 O gave a mixture of products. The 4,6-(methoxyisopropylidene) acetal was also very labile under reductive-cleavage conditions; Me 3 SiOMs-BF 3 ·Et 2 O catalyzed complete removal of the acetal, via the intermediate 6-[1-(methoxymethyl)ethyl ]ether, but the intermediate ether was quite stable in the presence of either BF 3 ·Et 2 O or Me 3 SiOSO 2 CF 3 . It is concluded from these studies that polysaccharides bearing 4,6- O -(1-carboxyethylidene) substituents can be analyzed directly by sequential permethylation and reductive cleavage. It is proposed that the identity of the substituted monomer and the positions of substitution of the acetal can be determined by sequential permethylation, ester reduction, and reductive cleavage.
Superheated drop nucleation for neutron detection

Moderately superheated drops of liquid in a gel will vaporize when exposed to neutrons. The basic characteristics of such detectors are described, with emphasis on a model for the dynamics of the process of vapor bubble nucleation.
Accomplishments in surgical adjuvant therapy for large bowel cancer.

In the past, effective surgical adjuvant therapy has been an elusive goal with little or no evidence of benefit from chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or radiation therapy. During the last 2 years, however, randomized trials have produced strong evidence of substantive progress. In colon cancer with regional nodal metastasis, therapy with combined 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and levamisole has resulted in a 41% reduction in the recurrence rate (P<0.00005) and a 41% reduction in the death rate (P=0.0052)
Polynesian Music, Captain Cook, and the Romantic Movement in Europe

A he link between ethnomusicology and music education has been strengthened in recent years by an increasing interest in teaching music of other cultures. Music educators thus may be interessted in learning how Captain James 1's arrival in Hawaii two hundred years ago affected the evolution of Polynesian and European music and art.
Uniqueness Theorems for Some Free Boundary Problems in Univalent Functions

Let Φ be a bounded positive continuous function in the complex plane C. We will consider the following problem. We can find a simply connected region Ω containing the origin such that the Riemann mapping function f Ω mapping the unit disk D onto Ω will satisfy We show that there is a unique solution which is starlike with respect to the origin when Φ satisfies We also show that if in addtion, ∂Φ/∂|w|>0 and −log Φ is subharmonic, then Ω will be a convex region.
Standardized Procedure for Analysis of Dynamic Modulus |E*| Data to Predict Asphalt Pavement Distresses:

A standardized procedure is presented by which various asphalt concrete mixtures can be compared and their expected performance can be assessed in a uniform manner with the simple performance test suggested by NCHRP 9-19: Superpave Support and Performance Models Management. The frequency sweep data generated from the test are available in terms of dynamic modulus |E*| versus frequency at the measurement temperature under different levels of confining stress [0, 20, 30 psi (0, 0.14, 0.21 MPa)]. The moduli versus frequency data at different temperatures are unified to form a single curve for each mixture through a normalizing parameter. The temperature at which the normalizing parameter becomes equal to 1 is designated the specification parameter Ts (°C) for assessing mixture performance. Each unified curve is fitted with a constitutive equation from which model parameters are evaluated. Slope B1 in the low-frequency region of the unified curve, when normalized with the term (T/Ts), results in a parameter t...
Translated by the author: My life in between languages

I started writing seriously in the 1960s when I was a student at Makerere University College, Kampala, Uganda. I wrote in English. It seemed natural. The writers that I had read and studied had wri...
Processing visual signals with nonlinear spatial filters.

The properties of nonlinear spatial filters as a major part of the peripheral nervous system are investigated with respect to processing of two types of signals: a deterministic stepfunction and Gaussian noise. The nonlinearity of the nerve cell is treated as a threshold element. It is shown that certain unfavorable characteristics of linear filters do not occur in such nonlinear filters. The basic nonlinear effects of combined space-time-filtering are demonstrated by using bandpass filters.
An explication of reasoning in multiple inheritance systems through non-monotonic Horn clause logic

Abstract In this paper we present a new approach to explicate the IS-A link and the inheritance of properties down through IS-A links. We introduce the syntactic category of common nouns intended to represent kinds (or prototypes) of objects. We describe two sentence-forming operations: the attribution of membership of kinds to objects or objects of a certain kind, and the attribution of properties to objects or objects of a certain kind. We then argue that the inferential behavior of sentences is different depending on how the sentence was formed. Although the attribution of membership in a kind will always hold true for any instance, the attribution of a property may be overridden. We explicate the inferential behavior of these sentences in non-monotonic logic and present the proof theory and semantics for this non-monotonic logic.
Dijkstra's algorithm and Google maps

Dijkstra's Algorithm is known as the shortest path source. In this paper, we discuss this Algorithm and the applications that the algorithm has on the modern day. In this study, we provide a pseudo-code of the algorithm. It is the backbone of every navigation system. Google Maps is a typical application of this Algorithm.
Intrinsic paramagnetism of ferroelectrics

We consider the effects of an external magnetic field on a non-conducting ferroelectric. It is shown that the frequencies of optical dipole oscillations are split by a magnetic field, and that the gas of excitations is paramagnetic. They contribute a term to the specific heat, which increases with magnetic field.
The lattice Boltzmann method as a basis for ocean circulation modeling

We construct a lattice Boltzmann model of a single-layer, ‘ ‘ reduced gravity’ ’ ocean in a square basin, with shallow water or planetary geostrophic dynamics, and boundary conditions of no slip or no stress. When the volume of the moving upperlayer is sufficiently small, the motionless lower layer outcrops over a broad area of the northern wind gyre, and the pattern of separated and isolated western boundary currents agrees with the theory of Veronis (1973). Because planetary geostrophic dynamics omit inertia, lattice Boltzmann solutions of the planetary geostrophic equations do not require a lattice with the high degree of symmetry needed to correctly represent the Reynolds stress. This property gives planetary geostrophic dynamics a signie cant computational advantage over the primitive equations, especially in three dimensions.
The Public Agency as Polis Active Citizenship in the Administrative State

This article offers a view of active citizenship in an administrative context. It argues that the classic features of active citizenship-authoritative action, public interest focus, practical wisdo...
A Cross-Cultural Examination of Racial Identity and Racial Preference of Preschool Children in the West Indies

The present study investigated the racial attitudes of preschool children in the West Indies. The Clarks' 1947 study found that both Black and White preschool children evaluate White dolls more positively than Black dolls. In this study, 302 children from four islands in the West Indies were presented with Black and White Cabbage Patch dolls. A Black female examiner instructed the children to choose a doll to play with from two dolls identical in every respect except skin coloring. The standard Clark doll questions and four more questions added by the researcher were also individually administered. In addition, 34 of the 302 children were administered a multiple-alternative method instead of the original forced-choice method only. It was found the majority (71.9%) of West Indian children when presented with Black dolls and White dolls chose to play with the White doll. The implication is that in spite of the fact that the West Indies is composed of a majority Black population, the impact of colonialism ha...
An analysis of leaky modes excited on stripline structures

With the decreasing dimensions and increasing speed and complexity of integrated circuit devices has come an interest in the behavior of layered structure devices at high frequency. One such layered structure common to integrated circuit devices is the stripline. Although attention has been focused on the analysis of non-leaky higher order modes excited on stripline structures, little has been documented about the excitation of leaky modes on stripline structures. Leaky modes give rise to fields which carry power transversely away from the stripline guiding axis and as such, if excited can cause coupling between devices resulting in interference and crosstalk in integrated circuits. The analysis is begun by developing a Hertzian potential Green's function for a generalized impressed current source suspended in the space between two infinitely wide, perfectly-conducting plates. The Green's function established for the generalized current source is then specialized to a stripline structure by enforcing boundary conditions for tangential fields at the perfectly conducting surface of the center conductor. This results in an electric field integral equation (EFIE) for currents on the stripline.
Clarification of abc/2 Rule for ICH Volume

To the Editor: There appears to be a common misperception that the denominator of 2 in the ICH calculation for Volume=abc /2 is attributable to use of 5-mm slices in CT. This is not the case. Calculating Volume=abc /2 is based on the assumption that the ICH volume can be approximated by an ellipsoid. This is a good assumption as long as the hemorrhage is not multilobulated or otherwise very irregular in shape. An …
An Iterative Solver-Based Infeasible Primal-Dual Path-Following Algorithm for Convex Quadratic Programming

In this paper we develop a long-step primal-dual infeasible path-following algorithm for convex quadratic programming (CQP) whose search directions are computed by means of a preconditioned iterative linear solver. We propose a new linear system, which we refer to as the augmented normal equation (ANE), to determine the primal-dual search directions. Since the condition number of the ANE coefficient matrix may become large for degenerate CQP problems, we use a maximum weight basis preconditioner introduced in [A. R. L. Oliveira and D. C. Sorensen, Linear Algebra Appl., 394 (2005), pp. 1-24; M. G. C. Resende and G. Veiga, SIAM J. Optim., 3 (1993), pp. 516-537; P. Vaida, Solving Linear Equations with Symmetric Diagonally Dominant Matrices by Constructing Good Preconditioners, Tech. report, Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 1990] to precondition this matrix. Using a result obtained in [R. D. C. Monteiro, J. W. O'Neal, and T. Tsuchiya, SIAM J. Optim., 15 (2004), pp. 96-100], we establish a uniform bound, depending only on the CQP data, for the number of iterations needed by the iterative linear solver to obtain a sufficiently accurate solution to the ANE. Since the iterative linear solver can generate only an approximate solution to the ANE, this solution does not yield a primal-dual search direction satisfying all equations of the primal-dual Newton system. We propose a way to compute an inexact primal-dual search direction so that the equation corresponding to the primal residual is satisfied exactly, while the one corresponding to the dual residual contains a manageable error which allows us to establish a polynomial bound on the number of iterations of our method.
On the Mixing Coefficient in the Parameterization of Bolus Velocity

Mesoscale eddies in the ocean play an important role in the ocean circulation. In order to simulate the ocean circulation, mesoscale eddies must be included explicitly or parameterized. The eddy permitting calculations of the Los Alamos ocean circulation model offer a special opportunity to test aspects of parameterizations that have recently been proposed. Although the calculations are for a model in level coordinates, averages over a five-year period have been carried out by interpolating to instantaneous isopycnal surfaces. The magnitude of ‘‘thickness mixing’’ or bolus velocity is found to coincide with areas of intense mesoscale activity in the western boundary currents of the Northern Hemisphere and the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. The model also predicts relatively large bolus fluxes in the equatorial region. The analysis does show that the rotational component of the bolus velocity is significant. Predictions of the magnitude of the bolus velocity, assuming downgradient mixing of thickness with various mixing coefficients, have been compared directly with the model. The coefficient proposed by Held and Larichev provides a rather poor fit to the model results because it predicts large bolus velocity magnitudes at high latitudes and in other areas in which there is only a small amount of mesoscale activity. A much better fit is obtained using a constant mixing coefficient or a mixing coefficient originally proposed by Stone in a somewhat different context. The best fit to the model is obtained with a coefficient proportional to l 2/T, where l is the radius of deformation, and T is the Eady timescale for the growth of unstable baroclinic waves.
West Michigan Supply Management: A Year in Review

The recovery continues. In April of 2009, Grand Rapids began recovering from one of the worst recessions in recent history. For 2010, the recovery continued unabated for the entire year. However, as of the end of the year, the lofty economic levels of 2006 were still far from reach. Because of this unusually slow recovery, the 2007-2009 economic downturn will always be referred to as the “Great Recession.”
Properties of bread made from frozen dough containing waxy wheat flour

The quality of bread made from frozen dough is diminished, and staling rate is increased by changes that occur during freezing and storage. New cultivars of waxy wheat flour (WWF), containing higher levels of amylopectin, may help improve the quality of baked products. Bread quality and staling were investigated for bread containing 0–45% WWF and 55–65% water after freezing and 90-day frozen storage. The specific volume was highest with 15% WWF substitution and 60% water in bread made from both unfrozen and frozen dough. With higher levels of WWF and lower water content, bread staling rates decreased. Bread with higher levels of WWF were darker and had greater color variation. 1H NMR studies showed that bread with greater WWF and water had higher transverse relaxation (T2) times (9–11 ms), but less change in T2 during storage. This research demonstrated that specific combinations of WWF and water produced a better quality of bread after dough freezing.
COMMENTARY: Seeking Environmental Justice through Public Participation: A Community-Based Water Quality Assessment in Bayview Hunters Point

Low-income, minority residents of the Bayview Hunters Point (BVHP) community in San Francisco, California, face considerable environmental hazards. There are strong beliefs within the community tha...