cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Risk-Utility Paradigms for Statistical Disclosure Limitation: How to Think, But Not How to Act

Risk-utility formulations for problems of statistical disclosure limitation are now common. We argue that these approaches are powerful guides to official statistics agencies in regard to how to think about disclosure limitation problems, but that they fall short in essential ways from providing a sound basis for acting upon the problems. We illustrate this position in three specific contexts—transparency, tabular data and survey weights, with shorter consideration of two key emerging issues—longitudinal data and the use of administrative data to augment surveys.
Vibrational Dephasing of Carbonmonoxy Myoglobin

The autocorrelation function of vibrational frequency fluctuations of the CO ligand in carbonmonoxy myoglobin, C‰‰(t), is computed from molecular dynamics simulations. Electrostatic interactions are assumed to dominate the modulation of the CO vibrational frequency. The simulated C‰‰(t) is consistent with linear and nonlinear infrared spectroscopic measurements. The short-time decay of C‰‰ is dominated by dynamics of the distal histidine, and of a water molecule that can occupy the heme pocket. Correlated protein and solvent dynamics induce spectral diffusion of the CO frequency on longer time scales.
Cardiomyopathy, familial dilated

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a heart muscle disease characterized by ventricular dilatation and impaired systolic function. Patients with DCM suffer from heart failure, arrhythmia, and are at risk of premature death. DCM has a prevalence of one case out of 2500 individuals with an incidence of 7/100,000/year (but may be under diagnosed). In many cases the disease is inherited and is termed familial DCM (FDC). FDC may account for 20–48% of DCM. FDC is principally caused by genetic mutations in FDC genes that encode for cytoskeletal and sarcomeric proteins in the cardiac myocyte. Family history analysis is an important tool for identifying families affected by FDC. Standard criteria for evaluating FDC families have been published and the use of such criteria is increasing. Clinical genetic testing has been developed for some FDC genes and will be increasingly utilized for evaluating FDC families. Through the use of family screening by pedigree analysis and/or genetic testing, it is possible to identify patients at earlier, or even presymptomatic stages of their disease. This presents an opportunity to invoke lifestyle changes and to provide pharmacological therapy earlier in the course of disease. Genetic counseling is used to identify additional asymptomatic family members who are at risk of developing symptoms, allowing for regular screening of these individuals. The management of FDC focuses on limiting the progression of heart failure and controlling arrhythmia, and is based on currently accepted treatment guidelines for DCM. It includes general measures (salt and fluid restriction, treatment of hypertension, limitation of alcohol intake, control of body weight, moderate exercise) and pharmacotherapy. Cardiac resynchronization, implantable cardioverter defibrillators and left ventricular assist devices have progressively expanding usage. Patients with severe heart failure, severe reduction of the functional capacity and depressed left ventricular ejection fraction have a low survival rate and may require heart transplant.
Children's Behavioral Inhibition Over Age and Across Situations: Genetic Similarity for α Trait During Change

Ratings of behaviors pertaining to inhibition were observed for 130 twins participating in a longitudinal study. Ratings were available for four ages (12, 18, 24, and 30 months) and from three sources at each age: direct observations obtained in a laboratory setting, direct observations obtained in conjunction with infant mental testing, and a temperament measure from a questionnaire completed by parents. For the individual twins, the age-to-age correlations were in the moderate range (.26 to .64). The situation-to-situation correlations were generally in the same range (.17 to .64). When the twins were recombined into twin pairs, within-pair (intraclass) correlations indicated that monozygotic (MZ) twins were more concordant than dizygotic (DZ) twins for each of the behaviors at each of the ages. Also, the MZ twins were more concordant for the direction and degree of behavioral change from age to age or from situation to situation. These data provide additional evidence for the biological influence on behavioral inhibition, a characteristic that has been studied in temperament and personality research. The results suggest that the trait of behavioral inhibition and a change in the trait are genetically conditioned. In addition, it is suggested that the concept of trait be expanded to include the person-centered biological regulation of change.
Impedance functions for a rigid foundation on a layered medium

Abstract The problem of the harmonic forced vibrations of a massless rigid disc supported on an elastic layered medium is studied. The elastic medium consists of a layer of constant thickness placed on an elastic half-space. The contact between the layer and the underlying half-space is such that continuity of displacements and stresses at the interface is secured. Forced vertical, rocking and horizontal vibrations with harmonic time dependence are considered under the assumption of relaxed bonding between the rigid disc and the surface layer. The resulting mixed boundary value problems are reduced to sets of Fredholm integral equations that are solved numerically for a wide range of frequencies. The force—displacement relationships thus obtained present several differences with the corresponding results for a homogeneous half-space. In general, the rocking impedances are the least affected by layering, while the vertical impedances are the most affected. The impedances for a layered medium show a stronger frequency dependence than the impedances for the half-space. For intermediate and high contrast between the elastic properties of the layer and those of the half-space there is a considerable reduction of the radiation damping for low frequencies.
SIMULATING THE EFFECT OF SPREAD OF EXCITATION IN COCHLEAR IMPLANTS

A model was developed to simulate acoustically the effects of excitation spread in cochlear implants (CI). Based on neurophysiologic data, the proposed model simulates the electrical-current decay rate associated with broad and narrow types of excitation, such as those produced by monopolar and bipolar electrode configurations. The effect of excitation spread on speech intelligibility was simulated in normal-hearing subjects by varying the slopes of the synthesis bands in the noise vocoder. Sentences and monosyllabic words processed via 4-16 channels of stimulation with varying degrees of excitation spread were presented to normal-hearing listeners for identification. Results showed significant interaction between spectral resolution (number of channels) and spread of excitation. The effect of narrowing the excitation spread was minimal when the spectral resolution was sufficiently good (>8 channels) but it was significant when the spectral resolution was poor (4 channels). A significant decrement in performance was observed for extremely narrow excitation spread. This outcome is partly consistent with behavioral data obtained with cochlear implant studies in that CI users tend to do as well or better with monopolar stimulation than with bipolar stimulation.
What Lenny Bruce Really Died For

Book reviewed in this article: Ronald K. L. Collins and David M. Skover, The Trials of Lenny Bruce: The Fall and Rise of an American Icon
The HST survey of the Orion Nebula region

Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Dr., Baltimore MD, 21212email: robberto@stsci.eduAbstract.The HST Treasury Program on the Orion Nebula Cluster has been recently complet-ed (May 2005). Using 104 orbits of HST time we have imaged a eld ˘ 1=6 of a square degreenearly centered on the Trapezium stars. The survey, made with ACS, WFPC2 and NICMOS-Camera 3 in parallel, has imaged this cornerstone region with unprecedented sensitivity (23-24mag), dynamic range (˘ 12 mag), spatial resolution (50mas), and wide spectral coverage (9 l-ters from U to H). We have assembled the richest, most accurate and unbiased dataset of stellarphotometry for pre-main-sequence objects ever obtained, an essential tool for understanding ofthe star formation process in regions dominated by massive OB stars.Keywords. ISM: individual (M42, M43), stars: formation, stars: pre{main-sequence, ISM: jetsand outows, planetary systems: protoplanetary disks
Who Are You Calling Old? Negotiating Old Age Identity in the Elderly Consumption Ensemble

As the elderly population increases, more family, friends, and paid service providers assist them with consumption activities in a group that the authors conceptualize as the elderly consumption ensemble (ECE). Interviews with members of eight ECEs demonstrate consumption in advanced age as a group phenomenon rather than an individual one, provide an account of how the practices and discourses of the ECE's division of consumption serve as a means of knowing someone is old and positioning him/her as an old subject, and detail strategies through which older consumers negotiate their age identity when it conflicts with this positioning. This research (1) illuminates ways in which consumer agency in identity construction is constrained in interpersonal interactions, (2) demonstrates old identity as implicated in consumption in relation to and distinction from physiological ability and old subject position, and (3) updates the final stages of the Family Life Cycle model.
Microdoppler signature simulation of computer animated human and animal motions

This paper discussed about the simple technique for generating the microDoppler signatures of complex human and animal motions from computer animated data has been proposed. The Doppler spectrogram of the quadruped motion of the horse shows considerable variation from the biped motion of the human. The microDopplers from the different body parts of the horse have also been presented.
Is post cardiopulmonary bypass dysfunction a special form of stunning

It has been suggested that cardioplegic arrest during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) produces global myocardial ischemia with a risk of myocardial stunning. It has also been postulated that anesthetic technique may affect the course of post-CPB myocardial stunning via exaggerated myocardial depression. However, we have previously found that global ventricular and regional myocardial responses to halothane do not differ in post-CPB and pre-CPB dogs. Our examination of the effects of CPB on the beta-adrenergic function revealed that beta-adrenergic receptor function is only slightly decreased immediately following (i.e., 1 min) and 30 minutes post-CPB. A dose-response relationship was established for dobutamine, with decreased responsiveness noted at both times. Since other data show normal inotropic stimulation of stunned myocardium, decreases in dobutamine responsiveness cannot be explained by beta-receptor desensitization. Overall, these data indicate that CPB does not result in myocardial stunning. The differences between these data and others showing myocardial stunning following CPB may be due to several factors, such as anesthetic regimen, lack of coronary blood flow abnormalities, and a reduction in sarcoplasmic reticular damage due to the hypothermic conditions used.
Normal and inverse ringwoodite at high pressures

We present a first-principles computational study of the structural properties of ringwoodite and the influence of cation exchange on these properties as well as the enthalpy differences between ringwoodite and inverse ringwoodite. Our results agree with lowtemperature experiments, in that cubic ringwoodite is the stable structure up to 25 GPa. This pressure range encompasses the lower part of the mantle transition zone where ringwoodite is thought to be the most abundant phase. The equation of state as derived from experiment and theory are in good agreement. In contrast to normal ringwoodite, inverse ringwoodite compresses highly anisotropically and the compression mechanisms differ considerably for the two structures. The predicted enthalpy difference between normal and inverse ringwoodite is significantly smaller than that obtained from a simple ionic model (O’Neill and Navrotsky 1983), emphasizing the importance of including structural relaxation in models that address the energetics of order-disorder reactions, at least in the case of ringwoodite.
Power efficient routing trees for ad hoc wireless networks using directional antenna

In ad hoc wireless networks, nodes are typically powered by batteries. Therefore saving energy has become a very important objective, and different algorithms have been proposed to achieve power efficiency during the routing process. Directional antenna has been used to further decrease transmission energy as well as to reduce interference. In this paper, we discuss five algorithms for routing tree construction that take advantage of directional antenna, i.e., Reverse-Cone-Pairwise (RCP), Simple-Linear (SL), Linear-Insertion (LI), Linear-Insertion-Pairwise (LIP), and a traditional approximation algorithm for the travelling salesman problem (TSP). Their performances are compared through a simulation study.
A direct algorithm for computing reliability of a consecutive-k cycle

A consecutive-k cycle is a circular system such that the system fails if and only if any i consecutive components all fail. Reliabilities for consecutive-k cycles are usually computed by recursive equations. However, most recursive equations proposed so far for the cycle involve reliabilities for consecutive-k lines, requiring two passes where the first pass computes only the line reliabilities. A recursive equation involving cycles only is proposed that is simpler in form but much harder to understand on intuitive grounds. Another advantage is that the proposed cycle recursion has the same form as a line recursion previously proposed. Thus a uniform treatment of lines and cycles is possible. This uniform approach is used to obtain some explicit solutions of both line and cycle reliabilities for 2 >
Effect of Pore Size and Film Thickness on Gold-Coated Nanoporous Anodic Aluminum Oxide Substrates for Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Sensor.

A sensitive surface enhanced Raman scattering chemical sensor is demonstrated by using inexpensive gold-coated nanoporous anodic aluminum oxide substrates. To optimize the performance of the substrates for sensing by the Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) technique, the size of the nanopores is varied from 18 nm to 150 nm and the gold film thickness is varied from 30 nm to 120 nm. The sensitivity of gold-coated nanoporous surface enhanced Raman scattering sensor is characterized by detecting low concentrations of Rhodamine 6G laser dye molecules. The morphology of the SERS substrates is characterized by atomic force microscopy. Optical properties of the nanoporous SERS substrates including transmittance, reflectance, and absorbance are also investigated. Relative signal enhancement is plotted for a range of substrate parameters and a detection limit of 10−6 M is established.
3D Fabrication of Photonic Structures Embedded in Dielectric Materials

We report the fabrication of three-dimensional computer-generated holograms and optical waveguides embedded in glass using amplified and unamplified femtosecond laser pulses.
Tradeoffs between objective measures and execution speed in iterative optimization-based simulation (IOS)

In this paper an Iterative Optimization-based Simulation (IOS) framework is designed, developed and examined. This framework includes a threefold contribution of Simulation, Optimization and Database Manager. In this IOS model, optimization takes place repeatedly at the model's operational level to optimize the combination of system's state variables during the simulation run. Predefined trigger events momentarily pause the simulation and activate optimization in order to optimize the system's configuration. This cycle replicates until the simulation reaches its timespan. By deploying this promising IOS model, practitioners can take advantage of a long-term simulation run of their system, while it optimizing several times according to the occurrence of predefined incidents. The main concern here is the trade-off between simulation and optimization which is examined in this study. The results prove a positive impact of the IOS approach on the system's performance measures, although it takes longer to execute compared to the Non-IOS approaches.
Sports and recreational injuries in children and adolescents: prevention and education.

Youth and children's sports are becoming increasingly popular in America. Previous studies have shown that children and adolescents are not small adults in their responses to exercise and stress. As children around the world become involved in more competitive and organized sports activities, the frequency and severity of acute and overuse injuries continue to rise. Safety guidelines, protective equipment and prevention education are crucial to reducing pediatric recreational and sports injuries. Preventing injuries and ensuring safe athletic practices are necessary for children and adolescents to continue to receive benefits from organized sports and recreational activities. Efforts to minimize these injuries are warranted both to ensure the long-term health of children and to reduce medical costs. Language: en
Quantifying Random Variable Dependence Structure Through Copulas Theory for Probabilistic Assessment

C Copula function u, v Random variables H Joint distribution F,G Cumulative Distribution Function, CDF F−1, G−1 Inverse CDF θ Correlation parameter R Aircraft range (nmi) V Velocity (ft/sec) TSFC Thrust specific fuel consumption (lbs/(lbsf · hour)) L Lift (lbsf) D Drag (lbsf) AR Wing aspect ratio Wi Weight initial (lbs) Wf Weight final (lbs) CL Lift Coefficient CD Drag Coefficient e Span efficiency factor PC Engine power code tWEmpty Technology impact factor for aircraft empty weight tCD,0 Technology impact factor for lift-independent drag tCD,i Technology impact factor for lift-dependent drag tTSFC Technology impact factor for thrust specific fuel consumption
Stability Analysis of Runway Schedules

By performing stability analysis on an optimal runway schedule, this paper derives a method to determine whether an optimized landing sequence of aircraft remains optimal after an arbitrary number of aircraft in that sequence are delayed by an arbitrary amount of time. We consider the problem of scheduling aircraft landing on a single runway with the objective of maximizing throughput under changing external conditions such as delays caused by weather. Instead of optimizing the schedule every time delays occur, stability criteria allow for fast evaluation of whether schedules remain optimal. This paper develops a method to compute stability regions for a set of schedules. Sensitivity analysis of the linear programming relaxation and a nonlinear relationship between the delay of individual aircraft and the incurred cost change for all landing sequences yield the stability information. Furthermore, the properties of a first-come–first-serve policy are studied by giving sufficient conditions and a heuristic condition for the optimality of first-come–first-serve sequences. The given results are shown to be also applicable to landing sequences obtained through local neighborhood search, sequences that obey a position shift constraint, and subsequences of landing sequences as used in a rolling horizon approach.
Symptoms of bacillary dysentery by laboratory confirmation and clinical diagnosis in 2006 at Haidian District,Beijing

Objective To study difference in symptoms of cases of bacillary dysentery by clinical diagnosis and laboratory confirmation, and to establish criteria for its diagnosis in order to reduce clinical misdiagnosis.Methods Stool of the patient with bacillary dysentery was cultured and identified for Shigella dysenteriae according to the national criteria for bacillary dysentery (GB 16002-1995). Clinical data of the patients with bacillary dysentery confirmed by bacteriologic culture were compared to those caused by other bacteria or those with no pathogen detected by laboratory.Results Fever could be seen in 87.50% of cases with bacillary dysentery confirmed by culture, nausea in 81.25%, tenesmus in 76.47%, more than seven stools per day in 68.75% and pussy and bloody stool in 12.5% of them. But, in patients with baciallry dysentery caused by other pathogens, fever could be found in 29.41%, nausea in 76.47%, tenesmsu in 29.41%, more than seven stools per day in 43.75% and pussy and blood stool in 6.25% of them. And, in patients with bacillary dysentery with no pathogen detected, fever could be found in 56.04%, nausea in 69.23%, tenesmus in 29.44%, more than seven stools per day in 46.74% and pussy and bloody stool in 3.30% of them. Diagnosis of bacillary dysentery was established for all the cases on the first day when they visited hospitals and one confirmed case was imported from other place outside Beijing.Conclusion One third of the confirmed cases of bacillary dysentery had no typical symptoms, and fifth of those with no pathogen detected or caused by other pathogen had typical symptoms of bacillary dysentery. Misdiagnosis for bacillary dysentery is common in clinical practice, so comprehensive professional training for clinicians should be strengthened.
An exploratory examination of order effects on CPA exam passage timeliness

Abstract We examine whether the order in which candidates take individual sections of the CPA exam is related to their timeliness of passing all four parts. We examine performance data from 121,234 unique candidates taking the exam during the period 2005–2013 and find that, on average, candidates who took the FAR section first passed all four sections more quickly than those who took any other section first. In addition, we find that candidates who took the BEC section first took, on average, significantly longer to pass the exam than those who took any other section first. We find some evidence that suggests that these findings are attributable to the fact that candidates who take and pass FAR (BEC) first were least (most) likely to lose credit for previously passed sections due to the requirement that all four sections of the examination be passed within an 18 month window. That is, candidates who take and pass FAR (BEC) first are least (most) likely to have to retake this section compared to all other sections.
Principles and Parameters Framework of Generative Grammar

The main task of linguistic theory “must be to develop an account of linguistic universals that, on the one hand, will not be falsified by the actual diversity of languages and, on the other, will be sufficiently rich and explicit to account for the rapidity and uniformity of language learning, and the remarkable complexity and range of the generative grammars that are the product of language learning” (Chomsky, 1965: 27–28). The Principles and Parameters (henceforth P&P) framework of generative grammar attempts to fulfill this goal by postulating a specific set of general mechanisms and principles of grammar that are assumed to be part of the innate knowledge a language learner brings to the task of language acquisition – more precisely, the acquisition of a grammar of a human language. To the extent that much of a speaker's knowledge of his/her language can be derived from this system of mechanisms and principles, the need for language-particular rules of grammar diminishes – thus contributing to an explanation for the rapidity and uniformity of language acquisition. From this perspective, much of the diversity across languages can be viewed as the result of systematic differences in the way the mechanisms and principles apply to the grammars of various languages. These differences appear to fall within a restricted range of options, referred to as parameters.
Self‐Assembly of Differently Shaped Protein–Polymer Conjugates through Modification of the Bioconjugation Site

Self-assembly of protein-polymer block copolymers is an attractive route for preparing biocatalytic materials. To clarify the effect of bioconjugate shape on self-assembly without changing the chemical details of either block, four different conjugation sites are selected on the surface of the model globular protein mCherry at residues 3, 108, 131, and 222 to alter the colloidal shape of the bioconjugate. All four mCherry-b-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) bioconjugates show qualitatively similar phase diagrams, indicating that self-assembly is robust with respect to changes in conjugation site. However, protein orientation has an effect on the location of the order-disorder transition concentration, and the stability of the disordered micellar phase is shown to be different for each conjugate. Differences in domain spacing also suggest changes in protein orientation within the lamellae.
DORMANCY IN THE FORAMINIFERA: A REVIEW

The Foraminifera are a diverse class of protists whose ubiquity in marine environments, small shells, and ease of collection have made them critical tools in bioindicator, bioassay, paleoenvironmental, and paleoceanographic research. Despite the plethora of applications and accompanying literature on foraminifers, many aspects of their biology and ecology remain unexplored. One of these aspects is dormancy, a life-history strategy involving suspension of active life, arrested development, and reduced or suspended metabolic activity, mediated either by internal physiological factors (known as diapause) or exogenous factors (known as quiescence). Dormancy is a widespread adaptation, playing a role in the life cycles of a huge variety of organisms. Yet, despite anecdotal and circumstantial evidence, very little research has directly addressed this aspect of foraminiferal biology. The relatively recent discovery of cryptobiotic propagules has revealed a fundamental role for dormancy in the life cycles of foraminifers, most prominently for dispersal. Moreover, culture studies with environmental applications have shown that post-propagule quiescence (i.e., in juveniles, sub-adults and adults) may be a common response to environmental stressors, allowing rapid recovery of populations following disturbance or otherwise unfavorable conditions. A review of publications on foraminiferal biology revealed that observations indicating the potential for dormancy have been recorded for at least six decades, and that this potential is well represented throughout the class in a variety of forms, suggesting that dormancy may be a basic adaptation in the Foraminifera. If dormancy is as widespread as the literature suggests, its role in structuring foraminiferal assemblages and determining global distributions in the geological past, present, and future is fundamental. Further research into the mechanisms of dormancy will expand understanding of its role in foraminiferal life cycles, and provide new perspectives in the many fields that utilize and apply foraminiferal data.
Progress report on studies of FAM-CF for gastric cancer and intraperitoneal administration of FUra-CF followed by cisplatin (DDP).

Randomized controlled trials have demonstrated that the response rate to 5-fluorouracil (FUra) in combination with leucovorin (CF) is approximately two-fold higher than the response rate to single agent FUra in patients with colorectal carcinoma (1–5). Since FUra alone has activity in other gastrointestinal cancers, our work has been directed toward evaluating the role of this combination for the treatment of other gastrointestinal cancers, using both the intravenous (IV) and intraperitoneal (IP) routes.
Mean Field Theory of Slip Statistics

A simple mean field model for the statistics and the dynamics of slip avalanches in slowly deformed solids is reviewed. Its universal scaling predictions are compared to experiments on slowly compressed single nanocrystals, microcrystals, bulk metallic glasses, and rocks, as well as to slowly sheared jammed granular materials, and to earthquakes. The remarkable agreement between model and experiments spanning 12 decades in length and a wide range of material structures implies that results on the slip statistics can be transferred from one solid material to another and from one scale to another. Potential applications of the results include materials testing, failure prediction, and hazard prevention.
An exploratory study of the influence of load and practice on segmental and articulatory variability in children with speech sound disorders

This exploratory treatment study used phonetic transcription and speech kinematics to examine changes in segmental and articulatory variability. Nine children, ages 4 to 8 years old, served as participants, including two with childhood apraxia of speech (CAS), five with speech sound disorder (SSD) and two who were typically developing. Children practised producing agent + action phrases in an imitation task (low linguistic load) and a retrieval task (high linguistic load) over five sessions. In the imitation task in session one, both participants with CAS showed high degrees of segmental and articulatory variability. After five sessions, imitation practice resulted in increased articulatory variability for five participants. Retrieval practice resulted in decreased articulatory variability in three participants with SSD. These results suggest that short-term speech production practice in rote imitation disrupts articulatory control in children with and without CAS. In contrast, tasks that require linguistic processing may scaffold learning for children with SSD but not CAS.
Zebrafish Neurobehavioral Assays for Drug Addiction Research

Adult and larval zebrafish have been employed for studies of drugs of addiction in numerous excellent studies. This chapter outlines zebrafish neurobehavioral assays such as unconditioned (acute) locomotor responses, sensitization test, tolerance test, conditioned place preference, and self-administration for drugs including ethanol, cocaine, morphine, nicotine, D-amphetamine, heroin/THC and the opiate salvinorin A. Methodological details of assays including environmental parameters, design of testing chambers, treatment regimens and analysis are provided. Test for adult and larval zebrafish are addressed in separate sections. Established robust neurobehavioral assays in combination with powerful molecular genetic tools manifest strong prospects for discovery of underlying mechanism of drug use-behavior and development of pharmacotherapeutics for treatment of drug dependence using zebrafish.
Umbilical necrosis rates after abdominal-based microsurgical breast reconstruction

Abstract Background Umbilical stalk necrosis represents a rare, yet important complication after abdominal-based microsurgical breast reconstruction, which is both underrecognized and understudied in the literature. Once identified, umbilical reconstruction can be an extremely challenging problem. Methods All consecutive breast free flaps at a single institution from February 2004 to February 2016 were reviewed, excluding non–abdominal-based flaps. Patients were divided based on the development of umbilical necrosis postoperatively. Demographics, surgical characteristics, and other complications were compared between the groups. Results A total of 918 patients met the inclusion criteria, with 29 developing umbilical necrosis identified (3.2%). Patients developing necrosis tended to be older (49.4 yrs versus 52.9 yrs; P Conclusions Umbilical stalk necrosis was found to occur in 3.2% of patients and was associated with several preoperative comorbidities and intraoperative characteristics. This information should help influence intraoperative decision-making to prevent the development of this undesirable complication.
The Head-Direction Signal Plays a Functional Role as a Neural Compass during Navigation

The rat limbic system contains head direction (HD) cells that fire according to heading in the horizontal plane, and these cells are thought to provide animals with an internal compass. Previous work has found that HD cell tuning correlates with behavior on navigational tasks, but a direct, causal link between HD cells and navigation has not been demonstrated. Here, we show that pathway-specific optogenetic inhibition of the nucleus prepositus caused HD cells to become directionally unstable under dark conditions without affecting the animals' locomotion. Then, using the same technique, we found that this decoupling of the HD signal in the absence of visual cues caused the animals to make directional homing errors and that the magnitude and direction of these errors were in a range that corresponded to the degree of instability observed in the HD signal. These results provide evidence that the HD signal plays a causal role as a neural compass in navigation.
A Hierarchical Framework for Smart Grid Anomaly Detection Using Large-Scale Smart Meter Data

Real-time monitoring and control of smart grids (SGs) is critical to the enhancement of reliability and operational efficiency of power utilities. We develop a real-time anomaly detection framework, which can be built based upon smart meter (SM) data collected at the consumers’ premises. The model is designed to detect the occurrence of anomalous events and abnormal conditions at both lateral and customer levels. We propose a generative model for anomaly detection that takes into account the hierarchical structure of the network and the data collected from SMs. We also address three challenges existing in SG analytics: 1) large-scale multivariate count measurements; 2) missing points; and 3) variable selection. We present the effectiveness of our approach with numerical experiments.
Pneumatoceles in pediatric blunt trauma: Common and benign

Abstract Introduction Traumatic pneumatoceles are reported to be rare in children and to have an uncertain clinical significance. We report a single institution series of traumatic pneumatoceles to better define their frequency and clinical significance. Methods After obtaining approval from the IRB, data were extracted from the trauma registry of a level 1 pediatric trauma center on children diagnosed with a pulmonary contusion (International Classification of Diseases-9th edition diagnosis codes: 861.21 to 861.31) who presented between June, 2006 and September, 2016. Patient demographics, mechanism of injury, injury severity score, diagnosis and procedure codes, length of hospital stay, outcome, imaging techniques and findings with attention to the identification of a pneumatocele, were examined. Results Of the 10,229 trauma admission, 204 children were identified as having a pulmonary contusion, 25 of whom (12.3%) were diagnosed with a pneumatocele. Their mean age was 13years (3–17). Seventy-six percent (19) were male. The most common mechanism of injury was a motor vehicle collision (10), followed by falls (6), and sports (5). Sixteen children (64%) suffered a long bone fracture, 12 (48%) an abdominal solid organ injury and 3 (12%) a traumatic brain injury. The mean Injury Severity Score was 17 (9–34). Twenty-three patients presented as transfers. There were no fatalities. The pneumatocele was identified on chest computerized tomography (CT) alone in 15 (60%), on chest CT and chest radiograph (CXR) in 3 (12%), the upper portions of an abdominal CT in 6 (24%) and on CXR alone in 1 (4%). Seven patients were found to have a solitary pneumatocele and 18 patients had 2 or more. The largest pneumatocele was 3.7cm in diameter. Ten children (40%) were admitted to the intensive care unit, 3 of whom required intubation. One patient (4%) had a respiratory complication: pneumonia. Three patients underwent chest tube placement for: pneumothorax, hemothorax and hemopneumothorax. No child underwent intervention specific to the pneumatocele. Seventeen (68%) patients were seen in follow-up in Trauma Clinic and the remainder by another practitioner ranging from 1week to 6months after injury. One child (4%) underwent a follow-up chest CT to rule out a congenital pulmonary malformation 6months after injury and this demonstrated complete resolution of the pneumatocele. Conclusion The incidence of traumatic pneumatoceles among children with a pulmonary contusion was 12.3% in this series, but is probably higher given that only 24% were visible on radiographs and a small minority of children with pulmonary contusions underwent chest CT. Pneumatoceles are common in children with pulmonary contusions, but are usually small. The majority do not appear to be clinically significant nor require follow-up imaging. Level of evidence IV.
Broken, Cracked, and Missed Ceilings: Female and Minority Candidates in the Congressional Races of 2016

Both the U.S. House and Senate are underrepresented in terms of women, persons of color, and LGBT members. Hillary Clinton’s nomination as the first female presidential nominee of a majority party created expectations for increasing diversity in Congress. Despite Clinton losing the general election and not providing coattails, there were some positive developments in the 2016 election. Intersectionality was an important theme; women of color won several races. Victory for minority candidates was likely in districts having minority constituencies and/or where Clinton and Democratic Party had success. Presently, the success of underrepresented candidates is dependent on partisan trends and on whether the Republican Party will begin to close the gap with Democrats by fielding more diverse candidate pools.
The ubiquity of pleiotropy in human disease.

Pleiotropy has long been thought to be a common phenomenon in the human genome; however, until recently appropriate data was unavailable to test this hypothesis. Prior studies focused on assessing the prevalence of pleiotropy in only small subsets of phenotypes (≤ 53 phenotypes), without a truly comprehensive assessment of pleiotropy in the human genome. In this study, we determined the prevalence of pleiotropy, using the entire GWAS catalog (1094 disease phenotypes, 14,459 genes), as well as investigate the relationship between the degree of pleiotropy and the average effect size for each associating gene. The number of associating phenotypes per gene ranged from 1 to 53, with 44% of genes reported in the GWAS catalog associating with more than one phenotype. The proportion of genes shown to be pleiotropic has continued to increase as more studies are added to the catalog. We also found the degree of pleiotropy scales positively with a gene’s average effect size (r = 0.04, p value = 0.0003) and negatively with the variance of effect sizes in genes with a given number of associating phenotypes (r = − 0.590, p value = 0.0019). Based on this and prior work, it is becoming evident that pleiotropy is a common, if not ubiquitous, phenomenon. These results have implications in understanding disease etiologies, potentially common biology underlying even disparate diseases, and in elucidating the genotype–phenotype map.
Organometallic Derivatives of the Transition Elements: III. The Reaction of Alkynes with Transition Metal Atoms

Our previous interest in the nature of the products formed during the reaction of transition metal atoms with arenes, led naturally to an investigation of the reaction of such metal species with other unsaturated ligands, viz. alkynes. Previously published reports indicate that organometallic products are not detected in the reactions of alkynes with atomic nickel2 and chromium3, although there is some indication4 that nickel condensed with alkynes does form a metal-containing substance; in all reported cases, oligomerization of the alkyne was observed. We report here the reactions of nickel, iron, and manganese atoms with a variety of alkynes; the majority of this report is devoted to the reactions of nickel atoms which not only leads to oligomers, but also produce nickel-containing substances with useful catalytic properties. Thus, we are concerned here with two general subjects: (1) the reactions of metal atoms with alkynes and (2) the properties of the metal-containing products obtained from this reaction.
An ethnography of caste and class at an Indian university: creating capital

Despite having outlawed the caste system and the concept of untouchability in 1947, caste identity remains a cornerstone of social, political and economic life in India. Like other social instituti...
Foie gras in the freezer: Picard Surgelés and the branding of French culinary identity

How does Picard Surgeles, a frozen-food company with an international supply chain, thrive in France, a country where a well-developed and widely shared understanding of a national cuisine excludes...
Evaluation of Hydroplaning Risk on Permeable Friction Course using Tire–Water–Pavement Interaction Model:

Wet weather-related hazards such as hydroplaning can be reduced with the proper use of permeable friction course (PFC). At low rainfall intensities, PFC provides quick drainage of water and better ...
Labeling with Gaseous 14CO2 or by Feeding on Radioactive Tissues

To label hydra directly by feeding them on tissues that have been previously made radioactive or by exposing them to 14CO2, The ingested radioactive tissue labels the endoderm first and, within a day, most of the hydra’s cells (Lenhoff, 1961). The labeled 14CO2 passes directly into hydra and labels most intensely the interstitial cells and their derivative cells (Lenhoff, 1959); in the case of green hydra, the 14CO2 labels the endosymbiotic algae most intensely (Muscatine and Lenhoff, 1965).
Glycogenic Acanthosis, Hyperkeratosis, and Unusual Epithelial TUmors, Benign and Malignant

Elevated whitish plaques of the esophageal mucosa have long been familiar to pathologists. At times they have been reported as leukoplakia or as hyperkerotosis. Their true nature was first pointed out by Rywlin and Ortega.1 They found such plaques in all of 27 consecutive autopsies of patients over 50 (Fig. 8-1 A and B.). The plaques are composed of enlarged clear cells of the prickle cell layer, the cellular enlargement being caused by accumulations of glycogen giving them a characteristically pale or vacuolated appearance (Fig. 8-2.). The cellular enlargement produces the plaque, and thus they are not hyperplasias, although sometimes so reported. They are not associated with keratosis or with atypia. Their gross appearance is that of discrete oval slightly elevated firm whitish plaques from a few millimeters to 1.5 cm in diameter. They are usually distributed along the ridges of the longitudinal mucosal folds.
EMA-BEM-NAH-SEA Path to a Dynamic Filter Model for Violin Radiativity

By subsuming experimental modal and radiation analysis results on many violins, boundary element method computations for a violin undergoing soundpost removal, nearfield acoustical holography for port (f-holes) radiation, and statistical energy analysis into a generalized structural acoustics framework it is possible to construct a dynamic filter model for the averaged-over-sphere radiativity of the traditional, properly setup violin over the frequency range from 0.2 to 6 kHz. This model treats the low frequency “deterministic” region below 660 Hz—where all violins show two cavity and three body modes—three always radiating strongly through the f-holes, two with strong surface radiation, one hardly radiating, and one requiring induced surface motion to radiate—as a simplified dual-Helmholtz resonator where two low-lying bending modes “pump” the lowest Helmholtz-resonator-like cavity mode. The mid-high frequency region uses a band-averaged, “statistical” structural acoustics approach built on a distributed-excitation statistical mobility function (SEA) to incorporate bridge filter and critical frequency effects. Both regions were rejoined at 630 Hz where all violin quality classes had a common value. This dynamic filter model is capable of simulating the effects on violin radiativity of top-back plate and bridge tuning, holding the violin or soundpost removal, singly or in combination.
Medical Malpractice Primer for Practicing Interventional Radiologists

Abstract Medical professional liability (MPL), also commonly referred to as medical malpractice, is a costly issue in health care today, accounting for roughly 2.4% of total health care expenditure in the United States. Almost all physicians currently in clinical practice will either be subject to a lawsuit themselves or work with someone who has. Given a lack of formal structured education about MPL in medicine for trainees, this review aims to define and discuss the relevant concepts in MPL as a reference for early career interventionalists to understand the current medicolegal environment and learn best practices to avoid litigation.
Variable Duty Control of Three-Phase Voltage Source Inverter for Wireless Power Transfer Systems

This paper presents duty control and analysis of the three-phase voltage source inverter (VSI) to adjust the output power for three-phase wireless power transfer (WPT) applications. Analytical results show significant reductions in the inverter dc link ripple current with the three-phase system over single-phase WPT counterparts. Simulation and experimental results for an 18 kW three-phase series-series WPT system are included to validate the duty control and analysis. Experimental results also demonstrated the output voltage can be controlled over a wide range by adjusting the inverter duty.
Characterization of 3D-printed capacitors created by fused filament fabrication using electrically-conductive filament

Abstract Desktop fused filament fabrication (FFF) printers (3D printers) are ubiquitous rapid prototyping (RP) and additive manufacturing (AM) devices used by small and large companies as well as hobbyists. Their attractiveness stems from the inexpensive hardware, inexpensive plastic materials, affordable CAD environments, and short training times. This research explores design of capacitors as passive electrical elements created by the FFF printing process using electrically-conductive graphene - polylactic acid (PLA) filament. Capacitors (6.5 pF to 63.9 pF) are designed, constructed, and characterized. A number of tests are performed resulting in a set of build recommendations. With this capability to directly create capacitors integrated within 3D printed physical objects designers can produce new and/or improved electrical and mechatronic devices.
Clinical features and prognosis of patients with spontaneous coronary artery dissection

Abstract There have been inconsistent reports regarding the clinical features and characteristics of patients diagnosed with spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD). In addition, predictors of mortality in SCAD patients are unknown. We evaluated the prevalence, clinical characteristics, medical management, and predictors of in-hospital mortality of SCAD-related hospitalizations using data from a single health care system from January 1, 2008, to December 31, 2018. Among 30,425 patients who presented with an acute coronary syndrome, 375 (1.2%) patients were diagnosed with SCAD. Of these, the mean age was 52.2 ± 12.8 years, 64.3% were women, and 44% were white. SCAD was significantly associated with emotional stress, fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD), chronic kidney disease (CKD), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), peripheral artery disease (PAD), and carotid artery disease compared with non-SCAD acute coronary syndrome (all p-values