cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Export production and terrigenous matter in the Central Equatorial Pacific Ocean during interglacial oxygen isotope Stage 11

Abstract This study addresses changes in the absolute magnitude and spatial geometry of particle flux and export production in a meridional transect across the central equatorial Pacific Ocean's upwelling system during oxygen isotope Stage 11 and Stage 12 and compares these time periods to the current Holocene interglacial system. Temporal and spatial variability in several chemical proxies of export production, and in particular the distributions of Ba, scavenged Al, and P, are studied in a suite of sediment cores gathered along a cross-equator transect at 5°S, 2°S, 0°, 2°N, and 4°N. Because this latitudinal range preserves strong gradients in biogenic particle flux in the modern equatorial Pacific Ocean, we are able to assess variations in the relative magnitude of export production as well as the meridional width of the equatorial system through the late Quaternary glacial/interglacial cycles. During interglacial oxygen isotope Stage 11 the chemical proxies each indicate lower particle flux and export production than during Stage 12. These records are consistent throughout the transect during this time period, but geographic narrowing (during the interglacial) and widening (during the glacial) of the meridional gradient also occurs. Although carbonate concentration varies dramatically through glacial/interglacial cycles at all latitudes studied, the productivity proxies record only minimal glacial/interglacial change at 5°S and 4°N, indicating that the carbonate minima at these latitudes is controlled dominantly by dissolution rather than production. The chemical data indicate that although the spatial geometry of the system during Stages 11 and 12 indicates maximum productivity at the equator during both glacial and interglacial conditions, the absolute magnitude of export production integrated from 5°S to 4°N during Stage 11 was 25–50% less than during Stage 12, and also was 25–50% less than it is now.
IR Absorption and Raman spectroscopic study of reentrant-nematic liquid crystalline N-[4-(4-Octyloxy-benzoyloxy) Benzylidene]-4-Cyanoaniline (OBBC)

Abstract The IR absorption and Raman scattering of OBBC have been investigated in the solid, ReN, SmA and nematic phases. The intensity of the 2229 cm−1 band assigned to the C[tbnd]N stretching mode decreases with increasing temperature in the reentrant nematic phase; this is attributed to a change in the overlap of the molecules. While the IR bands at 1728 and 841 cm−1 also show a remarkable temperature dependence, Raman bands do not show significant temperature dependence in the liquid-crystal phases.
Note on a Fermat-type diophantine equation

Abstract Let p>5 be a prime number and ζ a pth root of unity. Let c be an integer divisible only by primes of the form kp−1, (k,p)=1 . Let Cp(i) be the eigenspace of the p-Sylow subgroup of ideal class group C of Q (ζ) corresponding to ω i , ω being the Teichmuller character. In this article we extend the main theorem in Sitaraman (J. Number Theory 80 (2000) 174) and get the following: For any fixed odd positive integer n (a) At least one of Cp(3),Cp(5),…,Cp(n) is non-trivial. (b) Cp(i)=0 for p−n−1⩽i⩽p−2. (c) 2 i ≢1 mod (p) for 1⩽i⩽n+1. Let q be an odd prime such that q≡1 mod (p) , and such that there is a prime ideal Q over q in Q (ζ) whose ideal class is of the form IpJ where J is non-trivial, not a pth power and J∈Cp(3)⊕Cp(5)⊕⋯⊕Cp(n). For such p and q, if xp+yp=pczp has a non-trivial solution x,y,z∈ Z , with (x,y,z)=1, then q∤ pcz p x+y . Let t(n)=n224n4. If log p>t(n) , then applying a result of Soule (J. Reine Angew. Math. 517 (1999) 209), we show that the above result holds with only condition (a) because the others are automatically satisfied. We also make a remark about the effect of Soule's result on the p-divisibility of hp+ (the class number of the maximal real subgroup of Q (ζ) ) which is relevant to the existence of integral solutions to xp+yp=pczp.
Dissipative effects in the formation of the 156 Er compound nucleus

Light-charged particles were measured in coincidence with evaporation residues for {sup 12}C+{sup 144}Sm, {sup 35}Cl+{sup 121}Sb, and {sup 60}Ni+{sup 96}Zr reactions which populate the compound nucleus {sup 156}Er at the same excitation energy. The particle spectral shape for {sup 12}C+{sup 144}Sm is harder than the other two reactions. A one-body dissipation model predicts that the fusion times for the {sup 35}Cl- and {sup 60}Ni-induced reactions are similar and are about twice as long as that of the {sup 12}C-induced reaction. Statistical model calculations considering particle evaporation during compound nucleus formation successfully reproduce the particle spectra for all the reactions. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}
Charge generation during filling of insulated tanks

This research involves charge generation measurements for various flammable fluids during filling of insulated tanks and relating static charging with flow rate and physicochemical parameters, especially changes in electrical conductivity. The objective is to correlate static charge measured inside baffled metal and polyethylene tanks as a function of impeller, Reynolds number, and the electrical conductivity of both the hydrocarbon and the dispersed water phase for a variety of flammable liquids. A product of the research is a correlation for polyethylene and other plastic insulated tanks for transfers of low conductivity liquid fuels. Also, a universal (dimensionless) correlation that relates the charging data to the colloidal nature of the mixture will be developed for static charge generation during impeller mixing of light hydrocarbons containing various concentrations of water in cylindrical tanks. The correlation of electrostatic data from this research will help make it possible to control electrostatic charges, and, as a result, greatly improve safety of operations involving flammable fluids in industry.
Generational Differences in Information Technology Use and Political Involvement

A structural equation model analysis of data from a 2003 national random sample survey (n = 478) on informational technology (IT) reveals important direct and indirect effects of generational demographic and attitudinal differences on electronic forms of political participation. Younger respondents reported more support for IT and fewer technological disadvantages compared to older respondents. Younger respondents showed more desire for public IT availability and e-political participation, whereas older respondents preferred traditional electoral involvement. The more educated held more favorable views of IT generally and of public IT access more specifically. Better-educated respondents were more active civically in both traditional and electronic forms of participation. Supportive technological views led to greater e-political participation and stronger interest in e-elections. Respondents with less concern and fear about IT were more likely to act as digital citizens and were more involved in e-politics and e-elections. Proponents of public IT access were more supportive of e-elections. Our model suggests that e-citizenry will compound existing societal divisions, as non-electronic voices are marginalized and electronic voices are amplified.
Dynamic management of bursty traffic over multiple channels

As systems capabilities expand, increasingly demanding applications are developed resulting in the need to further increase system capabilities. Concurrent with the emergence of new applications, link technologies also have progressed and new technologies have been successfully integrated into todays networks. The main traffic types of todays applications and legacy services are carried using one of two types of service: a circuit of bandwidth equal to one of many pre-determined granularity levels, and a packet flow that is traffic-shaped and offers statistical guarantees. However, the traffic may be bursty at times. We develop architectural concepts that when incorporated in a next generation network make it scalable, reliable, flexible, and above all, simple. In particular, we focus on an end-to-end paradigm that heavily relies on upcoming advanced technologies. Our architectural concept comprises a minimally two-level hierarchical network infrastructure: a fiber-optics-based circuit-switched Core Network (CN) at Level 0, and several Collection/Distribution Networks (CDNs) at Level 1. Both levels deploy multiple communication channels to transmit traffic from one end to the other and manages traffic in two steps: 1) the requests are accepted as long as resources are not fully committed; (2) traffic is scheduled dynamically to support the accepted requests just-in-time to allow sources to transmit. This approach reduces overall latency, increases the throughput, and reduces the overall blocking probability.
Identification of the activator system for antibody to Toxoplasma as the classical complement pathway.

In view of the many recent advances in our understanding of the composition and function of the complement system, it was decided to apply this newer knowledge to an investigation of the heat-labile activator required for the action of antibody to Toxoplasma gondii in the neutralization and dye tests. With use of antibody-coated toxoplasma trophozoites in a diluent of 0.2% gelatin in 0.85% NaC1 and alkaline methylene blue as indicator, various component-deficient sera were added to activate the antibody on the protozoan membranes. It was determined that the classical complement system is required for antibody activity and that the properdin system plays no role in the reaction. Human sera genetically deficient in C5, C6, C7, and C8 were shown to be inactive as activators of antibody to Toxoplasma. The addition of specific missing components immediately restored full activity to the deficient sera.
An Analysis of Fixed-Priority Schedulability on a Multiprocessor

A new feasibility test for preemptive scheduling of periodic or sporadic real-time tasks on a single-queue m-server system allows for arbitrary fixed task priorities and arbitrary deadlines. For the special case when deadline equals period and priorities are rate monotonic, any set of tasks with maximum individual task utilization umax and minimum individual task utilization umin is feasible if the total utilization does not exceed $$m(1-u_{\rm max})/2 + u_{\rm min}$$ .
Targeted therapy for the loss of von hippel-lindau in renal cell carcinoma: A novel molecule that induces autophagic cell death

Radiation and conventional cytotoxic chemotherapies are ineffective in treating renal cancer. Approximately 75 percent of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is associated with an inactivation of the tumor suppressor gene von Hippel-Lindau (VHL). We exploited the possibility of targeting VHL-deficient RCC through synthetic lethality using a high-throughput screening approach. In this screen, STF-62247 was identified to be selectively toxic and growth inhibitory to renal cells lacking VHL. We recently demonstrated that the cytotoxicity of STF-62247 is due to dysregulated autophagy. Furthermore, the reduction of protein levels of essential autophagy pathway components such as Atg5, Atg7 and Atg9 reduces sensitivity of VHL-deficient cells to killing by STF-62247. Loss of proteins involved in Golgi trafficking sensitized RCC with wild-type VHL to killing by STF-62247, indicating a potential role for these proteins as a target of the compound. Our study supports the concept of using synthetic lethality to selectively kill VHL-deficient cells that represents a new type of targeted therapy for the treatment of RCC.
The influence of sex on self‐perceptions and social stereotyping of aggressive communication predispositions

The purposes of this investigation were to: (1) determine whether sex differences exist in two aggressive communication predispositions, argumentativeness and verbal aggressiveness; (2) test for potential sex‐based stereotypes regarding those traits. In the analysis of stereotyping, sex was considered on two levels: (1) sex of the perceiver; (2) sex of the generalized group being judged. Results revealed that male respondents are significantly higher than female respondents in both aggressive communication predispositions (measured with the traditional self‐report instruments). In addition, both male and female participants perceive that generalized males are more argumentative and verbally aggressive than are generalized females. Implications of these findings to cross‐sex communication, communication training, and conflict management are discussed.
Implementation of a hexapod mobile robot with a fuzzy controller

Fuzzy logic has features that are particular attractive in light of the problems posed by autonomous robot navigation. Fuzzy logic allows us to model different types of uncertainty and imprecision. In this paper, the implementation of a hexapod mobile robot with a fuzzy controller navigating in unknown environments is presented. The robot, MKIII, interprets input sensor data through the comparison of values in its fuzzy rule base and moves accordingly to avoid obstacles. Results of trial run experiments are presented.
Universal design: lessons for wearable computing

When we as developers and designers create a system that requires user interaction-whether it is computer software, a kitchen appliance, or a door knob-we often fall victim to a common mistake: we use ourselves as the model for our system's potential users. Even developing for an "average user" is a pitfall that results in numerous users whose needs are overlooked. The average user might account for the largest spike under a bell curve, but nonaverage users account for a much larger percentage of the general population. Additionally, the number of people possessing all of the average attributes being considered in a design is very small. So, the designers' goal should be to broaden the section of the bell curve that their system targets. This concept is called universal design, and it's especially important in wearable computing because using a system while mobile and while in different environments can have a major effect on its usability.
Experimentation on Laguerre-Gaussian laser beams for QI application

It is well known that Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) laser beams with orbital angular momentum (OAM), resulting from a phase singularity and created from the readily available Hermite-Gaussian (HG) laser beam, carry the potential for providing an unlimited number of orbital angular momentum states that could be used for enhanced processing of quantum info mation (QI). This paper presents a comprehensive set of experimentation on the fabrication and use of computer generated holograms to create LG beams from the HG profile of an ordinary He-Ne laser and characterization thereof in preparation for QI applications.
Implementing drug abuse treatment services in criminal justice settings: introduction to the CJ-DATS study protocol series

Despite a growing pipeline of effective clinical treatments, there remains a persistent research-to-practice gap in drug abuse services. Delivery of effective treatment services is especially lacking in the U.S. criminal justice system, where half of all incarcerated persons meet the need for drug abuse or dependence, yet few receive needed care. Structural, financial, philosophical and other barriers slow the pace of adoption of available evidence-based practices. These challenges led to the development of a multi-site cooperative research endeavor known as the Criminal Justice Drug Abuse Treatment Studies (CJ-DATS), funded by the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA). CJ-DATS engages university-based research teams, criminal justice agencies, and community-based treatment providers in implementation research studies to test strategies for enhancing treatment service delivery to offender populations. This Introduction reviews the mission of NIDA, the structure and goals of the CJ-DATS cooperative, and the implementation studies being conducted by the participating organizations. The component Study Protocols in this article collection are then described. CJ-DATS applies implementation science perspectives and methods to address a vexing problem – the need to link offender populations with effective treatment for drug abuse, HIV, and other related conditions for which they are at high risk. Applying these principles to the U.S. criminal justice system is an innovative extension of lessons that have been learned in mainstream healthcare settings. This collection is offered as both an introduction to NIDA’s work in this area, as well as a window onto the challenges of conducting health services research in settings in which improving public health is not the organization’s core mission.
A novel inductive technique for microcantilever displacement detection

We present a novel inductive technique for detection of microcantilever displacement for sensing applications. We highlight the basic structure and evaluate its characteristics with the aid of modeling and simulation. Results generated by numerical simulations using ANSOFT compare well with those obtained from an equivalent circuit model using PSPICE. There are indications that the sensitivity of the inductive cantilever is about one order of magnitude higher as compared to piezoresistive silicon cantilevers of the same dimension under the same cantilever bending.
Perioperative management of diabetes: translating evidence into practice.

QGlycemic control before, during, and after surgery reduces the risk of infectious complications; in critically ill surgical patients, intensive glycemic control may reduce mortality as well. The preoperative assessment is important in determining risk status and determining optimal management to avoid clinically signifi cant hyper- or hypoglycemia. While patients with type 1 diabetes should receive insulin replacement at all times, regardless of nutritional status, those with type 2 diabetes may need to stop oral medi cations prior to surgery and might require insulin therapy to maintain blood glucose control. The glycemic target in the perioperative period needs to be clearly communicated so that proper insulin replacement, consisting of basal (long-acting), prandial (rapid-acting), and supplemental (rapid-acting) insulin can be implemented for optimal glycemic control. The postoperative transition to subcutaneous insulin, if needed, can begin 12 to 24 hours before discontinuing intravenous insulin, by reinitiation of basal insulin replacement. Basal/ bolus insulin regimens are safer and more effective in hospitalized patients than supplemental-scale regular insulin.
The Burgess inequality and the least kth power non-residue

The Burgess inequality is the best upper bound we have for incomplete character sums of Dirichlet characters. In 2006, Booker gave an explicit estimate for quadratic Dirichlet characters which he used to calculate the class number of a 32-digit discriminant. McGown used an explicit estimate to show that there are no norm-Euclidean Galois cubic fields with discriminant greater than 10140. Both of their explicit estimates are on restricted ranges. In this paper, we prove an explicit estimate that works for any range. We also improve McGown's estimates in a slightly narrower range, getting explicit estimates for characters of any order. We apply the estimates to the question of how large must a prime p be to ensure that there is a kth power non-residue less than p1/6.
Ignored, Neglected, And Abused: The Behavior Variable In Attitude‐Behavior Research

A fundamental area of concern for social scientists is the relationship between attitudes and behavior. In recent years there has been a plethora of work on the attitudebehavior relationship. This work is examined in light of earlier theoretical and methodological critiques offered by Blumer and Deutscher. Of specific concern is the conceptualization and measurement of behavior. A comprehensive collection of sixty-two recently published articles on the topic are examined. It is found that little consideration is given to how behavior is conceptualized and measured. One result of the treatment which it receives is that studies remain contradictory in their findings. Researchers can better contribute to theoretical and methodological advances by heeding interactionist advice to adopt techniques which respect the constructed nature of the social world. A promising foundation upon which to build is suggested by two theoretical pieces in the sample.
Education Reform and Accountability Issues in an Intergovernmental Context

Since the early 1980s, widespread expressions of concern about public education in the United States have been accompanied by various proposals for improving public school performance. This article develops a conceptual framework for analyzing education reform and accountability issues in an intergovernmental context. The writers then identify and discuss common themes in five prominent education reform efforts in the United States: (1) the promulgation of specific goals and requirements for public schools; (2) the introduction of open-enrollment plans; (3) the establishment of charter schools; (4) the encouragement of private contracting for the delivery of school services; and (5) the development of public and private voucher programs. While diverse, each of these efforts involves a deliberate attempt to change the accountability mechanisms in the delivery of education, and all have been affected by intergovernmental politics.
Design of high voltage tunable Shunt Interdigitated resonator based on Barium Strontium Titanate thin film

This paper reports a design methodology of tunable Coplanar Waveguide Shunt Interdigitated Capacitor (IDC) which is fabricated on a Barium Strontium Titanate (BST) thin film deposited on a sapphire substrate. The Shunt IDC can be utilized to develop a microwave resonator, a tunable notch filter or other promising applications. The designed resonant frequencies of resonators are in the range from 11.53GHz to 17.51GHz with a notch depth of −27.72dB (S21). The measured bandwidth is around 2GHz at −10dB. The tunable range of center frequency under bias voltage is 0.3GHz for bias voltage change from 0V to 50V. The EM structure and equivalent circuit model were developed for comparison with experimental data to find out the relationship of the capacitance, and parasitic inductance and resistance.
Divergent sexual selection via male competition: Ecology is key

Sexual selection and ecological differences are important drivers of speciation. Much research has focused on female choice, yet the role of male competition in ecological speciation has been understudied. Here, we test how mating habitats impact sexual selection and speciation through male competition. Using limnetic and benthic species of threespine stickleback fish, we find that different mating habitats select differently on male traits through male competition. In mixed habitat with both vegetated and open areas, selection favours two trait combinations of male body size and nuptial colour: large with little colour and small with lots of colour. This matches what we see in reproductively isolated stickleback species, suggesting male competition could promote trait divergence and reproductive isolation. In contrast, when only open habitat exists, selection favours one trait combination, large with lots of colour, which would hinder trait divergence and reproductive isolation. Other behavioural mechanisms in male competition that might promote divergence, such as avoiding aggression with heterospecifics, are insufficient to maintain separate species. This work highlights the importance of mating habitats in male competition for both sexual selection and speciation.
Role of amine structure on carbon dioxide adsorption from ultradilute gas streams such as ambient air.

A fundamental study on the adsorption properties of primary, secondary, and tertiary amine materials is used to evaluate what amine type(s) are best suited for ultradilute CO2 capture applications. A series of comparable materials comprised of primary, secondary, or tertiary amines ligated to a mesoporous silica support via a propyl linker are used to systematically assess the role of amine type. Both CO2 and water adsorption isotherms are presented for these materials in the range relevant to CO2 capture from ambient air and it is demonstrated that primary amines are the best candidates for CO2 capture from air. Primary amines possess both the highest amine efficiency for CO2 adsorption as well as enhanced water affinity compared to other amine types or the bare silica support. The results suggest that the rational design of amine adsorbents for the extraction of CO2 from ambient air should focus on adsorbents rich in primary amines.
D-Lactate metabolism and the obligate requirement for CO2 during growth on nitrite by the facultative lithoautotroph Nitrobacter hamburgensis

Nitrobacter hamburgensis X14 is a facultative lithoautotroph that conserves energy from the oxidation of nitrite () and fixes carbon dioxide (CO2) as its sole source of carbon. The availability of the N. hamburgensis X14 genome sequence initiated a re-examination of its mixotrophic and organotrophic potential, as genes encoding three flavin-dependent oxidases were identified that may function to oxidize lactate, providing energy and carbon for growth. The response of N. hamburgensis to d- and l-lactate in the presence (mixotrophy) and absence (organotrophy) of was examined. l-Lactate did not support organotrophic growth or stimulate mixotrophic growth. In contrast, d-lactate enhanced the growth rate and yield of N. hamburgensis in the presence of , and served as the sole carbon and energy source for growth in the absence of with ammonium as the sole nitrogen source. Lithoautotrophically grown cells immediately consumed d-lactate, suggesting that a lactate metabolic pathway is constitutively expressed. Nevertheless, a physiological adaptation to lactate occurred, as d-lactate-grown cells consumed and assimilated lactate at a faster rate than -grown cells, and the d-lactate-dependent O2 uptake rate was significantly greater in cells grown either organotrophically or mixotrophically compared with cells grown lithoautotrophically. Although d-lactate was assimilated and metabolized to CO2 in the presence or absence of , exposure to atmospheric CO2 or the addition of 0.75 mM sodium carbonate was required for mixotrophic growth and for optimum organotrophic growth on d-lactate.
Chemical biology of steroid and nuclear hormone receptors.

The nuclear hormone receptors are ligand-gated transcription factors that modulate gene expression by directly acting upon genomic DNA, and have been of profound interest across all biological disciplines. Recent advancements in this area have included the expansion of transgene activation through ligand–receptor engineering, drug development from structural design and the exploitation of innate ligand-specific associations towards developing novel conditional protein-based recombinant and diagnostic tools. These advancements come on the heels of exciting new modes of hormone action that challenge and expand upon the classic paradigms of hormone receptor function.
The microwave technology

The nature of microwave technology is defined in the discovery of microwave, which was initially used for military purposes. The invention of radar and microwave ovens are both attributed to this significant discovery. This paper explores significant applications of microwave technology and analyzed the impact on various aspects of this high technology. The new paradigm shift has resulted in tremendous social, economic and cultural impact on our society. Through its half-century of progress, microwave ovens, the most significant by-product of microwave technology, have revolutionized the food industry, creating a paradigm that has completely changed our life styles. Microwave technology finds its ways into numerous military applications. The new emerging technologies in microwaves have altered the future war outlook. The high power microwave technology used in developing intelligent and sophisticated modern weapon systems and radar systems has created tremendous advantages for the war. The paradigm in other industries such as telecommunications, IT, chemistry and many more is far-reaching beyond our perception. The superiority of microwave technology has demonstrated its power and the great commercial values as a result of these applications are discussed throughout this paper. The microwave truly created a new wave.
Learning theory and algorithms for forecasting non-stationary time series

We present data-dependent learning bounds for the general scenario of non-stationary non-mixing stochastic processes. Our learning guarantees are expressed in terms of a data-dependent measure of sequential complexity and a discrepancy measure that can be estimated from data under some mild assumptions. We use our learning bounds to devise new algorithms for non-stationary time series forecasting for which we report some preliminary experimental results.
The Practice of Law in the Peaceable Kingdom: Milner Ball's Theology of American Law

Milner Ball occupies a unique place in American legal thought. Over the decades, in many articles and four books, he has developed a coherent and critical theology of American law. He combines philosophical sophistication with a suspicion of the natural law tradition often invoked by philosophers and theologians in their understandings of law. This essay shows how Ball's contributions in three areas are animated by an underlying vision. The first section focuses on his conversations with Hannah Arendt. He generally agrees with Arendt in her skepticism about natural law and the importance of narrative and, in particular, the narrative of beginnings. On the other hand, he criticizes her account of the American beginning and her conviction that the Biblical tradition is politically irrelevant. The second section discusses Ball's account of the importance of story and theatre in American law, the centrality of finding the right metaphors for understanding law, his emphasis on legal rhetoric and legal practices, and his sharp criticism of the rule of law as the law of rules. The final section of the essay links both his narrative understanding of foundations and his theatrical account of legal procedures to the form of "religionless Christianity" he developed from two of his primary theological sources, Karl Barth and Dietrich Bonhoeffer.
Assessing the Evidence: The Effectiveness and Impact of Public Governance-Oriented Multi-Stakeholder Initiatives

Transnational multi-stakeholder initiatives (MSIs) – voluntary partnerships between governments, civil society, and the private sector – are an increasingly prevalent strategy for promoting government responsiveness and accountability to citizens. While most transnational MSIs involve using voluntary standards to encourage socially and environmentally responsible private sector behavior, a handful of these initiatives – the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI), the Construction Sector Transparency Initiative (CoST), the Open Government Partnership (OGP), the Global Initiative on Fiscal Transparency (GIFT) and the Open Contracting Partnership (OCP) – focus on information disclosure and participation in the public sector. Unlike private sector MSIs, which attempt to supplement weak government capacity to enforce basic social and environmental standards through partnerships between businesses and civil society, public sector MSIs ultimately seek to bolster public governance. But how exactly are these MSIs supposed to work? And how much has actually been achieved?The purpose of this study is to identify and consolidate the current state of the evidence for public governance-oriented MSI effectiveness and impact. Researchers collected over 300 documents and interviewed more than two-dozen MSI stakeholders about their experiences with five public governance oriented multi-stakeholder initiatives.This report provides a ‘snapshot’ of the evidence related to these five MSIs, and suggests that the process of leveraging transparency and participation through these initiatives for broader accountability gains remains uncertain. The report highlights the ongoing process of defining MSI success and impact, and how these initiatives intersect with other accountability actors and processes in complex ways. The study closes with key recommendations for MSI stakeholders.
Space Frame Analysis by Matrices and Computer

Structural theory and computational techniques utilized in high speed computer program that performs complete elastic analyses of large 3 dimensional frames; method makes it possible to analyze and compute structures composed of hundreds of joints and in excess of 1000 members; treatment described is sufficiently general to permit its application to any large scale computer.
Photomodulation spectroscopy of thin Ge films formed by molecular beam epitaxy on Si (111)

The photomodulated transmission spectrum of a single Ge layer grown at 500°C on the Si(1 11) surface by molecular beam epitaxy is reported. The nominal Ge layer thickness was 50 nm. The modulation spectrum of thicker layers is dominated by a threelobed structure centered 70–80 meV above the bulk direct band edge. This structure is ascribed to excitation-induced broadening of the lowest direct exciton.
Olabidocarpus Americanus (Acari: Listrophoroidea: Chirodiscidae) from the Hawaiian Hoary Bat, Lasiurus Cinereus Semotus, with Description of the Male

The male of Olabidocarpus amencanus is described from the Hawaiian Hoary Bat, Lasiurus cinereus semotus . The female is reillustrated from Hawaiian material.
Nonabsorbable versus absorbable sutures in large, hang-back medial rectus muscle recessions.

Purpose To investigate the value of nonabsorbable sutures in reducing the incidence of consecutive exotropia after large, "hang-back" medial rectus recessions. Methods The medical records of patients who underwent medial rectus recession of ≥6.5 mm in individuals ≤2 years of age, or ≥7.0 mm in those >2 years were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were divided into two groups based on suture material used: absorbable, polyglactin 910 sutures (44 patients); nonabsorbable, polyester sutures (50 patients). Preoperative measurements, ductions, strabismus surgery, and postoperative results were analyzed. Inadequate anchoring of the medial rectus muscle was suspected when consecutive exotropia developed 4-7 weeks after surgery after initial satisfactory alignment and was confirmed if during reoperation the medial rectus muscle appeared recessed >2 mm beyond the originally intended recession. Results Consecutive exotropia due to inadequate anchoring of the medial rectus muscle occurred in 11 of 66 muscles (17%) in the absorbable suture group. The muscle was found 6–10 mm posterior to the intended recession. Limited duction in the field of action of the involved medial rectus muscle occurred in 9 of the 11 muscles (82%). None of the eyes with nonabsorbable sutures showed inadequate anchoring. The incidence of consecutive exotropia was higher in the absorbable suture group (30%) than in the nonabsorbable suture group (6%) ( P Conclusions Using nonabsorbable suture for large, hang-back medial rectus recessions greatly reduces the incidence of consecutive exotropia that can occur when absorbable suture dissolves.
Grundlagen des EU-Rechts

Im folgenden Kapitel sollen die Rechtsquellen des Unionsrechts naher dargestellt werden. Fur die Rechtsgemeinschaft Europaische Union kommt die rechtliche Gestaltung uberragende Wirkung zu. In diesem Zusammenhang zu klarende Fragestellungen sind: Welche Arten von EU-Recht gibt es? Mussen nationale Gerichte und Behorden das Unionsrecht beachten?
Growth and operation tolerances for type II superlattice-based mid-infrared lasers

T potential performance of Type II InAs/GaInSb superlattice-based mid-wavelength infrared lasers is examined theoretically. Band structure engineering is employed to determine the superlattice growth parameters that minimize intersubband absorption and Auger recombination losses, resulting in optimized designs that minimize threshold current densities. Calculations are performed to assess the impact of uncertainties in superlattice layer thicknesses and the temperature of laser operation on these optimized laser designs. We find that growth accuracies of ±3.5A for InGaSb and ±0.25A for InAs layers are required to retain optimization. Moreover, it is demonstrated that threshold current densities of optimized superlattices typically do not obey a simple T0 characteristic temperature parameterization due to sharp structure in the intersubband absorption spectrum, whereas nano optimized structures can be described by T0 over a wider temperature range. The microscopic calculations employ accurate K.p superlattice electronic band structures and matrix elements, and evaluations of the gain, intersubband absorption, threshold carrier densities, and radiative and Auger recombination rates to obtain threshold current densities. Christoph Grein, J Phys Chem Biophys 2013, 3:5 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2161-0398.S1.002
Online BCI Typing using Language Model Classifiers by ALS Patients in their Homes.

AbstractThe P300 speller is a common brain-computer interface system that can provide a means of communication for patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Recent studies have shown that incorporating language information in signal classification can improve system performance, but this has largely been tested on healthy volunteers in a laboratory setting. The goal of this study was to demonstrate the functionality of the P300 speller system with language models when used by ALS patients in their homes. Six ALS patients with functional ratings ranging from 2 to 28 participated in this study. All subjects had improved offline performance when using a language model and five subjects were able to type at least six characters per minute with over 84% accuracy in online sessions. The results of this study indicate that the improvements in performance using language models in the P300 speller translate into the ALS population, which could help to make it a viable assistive device.
Final Report for the ADMX Phase 2a Project at the University of Washington

This is a final report of the ADMX Phase 2a program. This program is a project allowing for a sensitive axion dark-matter axion search at higher axion masses. The Phase 2a program also prepares the project for lower temperature anticipated in later operations. The Phase 2a program includes sensitive data-taking operations at two cavity modes, TM010 and TM020, allowing for faster data-taking operations and extending the search to higher and plausible dark-matter axion masses.
The influence of comorbid asthma on the severity of symptoms in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.

ABSTRACTObjective: The current study examined the association between asthma and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in a clinical pediatric sample. Methods: Demographic and neuropsychological data for children with a billing diagnosis of ADHD were extracted from a clinical database. Families completed standard rating scales. Seventy-one patients with a co-morbid asthma diagnosis were identified and matched by age to a group of 71 patients with only ADHD. Results: Children with asthma and ADHD were more likely to display clinically elevated levels of hyperactivity, externalizing behaviors, anxiety, and hyperactive/impulsive behaviors compared to children with ADHD alone. Boys with asthma and ADHD had more symptoms than boys with only ADHD of somatization and emotional internalizing, while girls with asthma and ADHD had more symptoms of hyperactivity/impulsivity, conduct problems, anxiety, and emotional internalizing compared to girls with only ADHD. Conclusions: Findings suggest that ...
Abstract 176: O-GlcNAc Transferase Promotes Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell De-differentiation

Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in mature vessels have a differentiated, contractile phenotype but retain the ability to reversibly de-differentiate in response to environmental cues. Plastici...
Comparing a Clinical Decision Tree vs. Standard of Care for Predicting ESBL+ Bacteremia in a VA Population

AbstractBackgroundAppropriate empiric antibiotic selection is very important in severe infections. The rise of infection by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative organisms, especially those with the extended-spectrum β-lactamase phenotype (ESBL+), has led to increasing use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, which further selects for more antimicrobial resistance. Improving empiric antibiotic selection is an important goal to preserve the effectiveness of current antibiotics and slow the rise of antimicrobial resistance. A proposed clinical decision tree to predict ESBL+ bacteremia performed well at the developer’s institution, but its external validity, such as in a VA population, is not known. We sought to compare an existing clinical decision tree with standard of care for predicting ESBL+ bacteremia in a VA population.MethodsPatients with positive blood cultures that grew E. coli and Klebsiella spp. were included For each patient, the first episode of bacteremia with the specified organisms was examined. Electronic medical records were examined for clinical and microbiological data. Previously described clinical decision tree was used to predict whether the isolate to be ESBL+. Empiric antibiotic selection (prior to antibiotic susceptibility testing reporting) by the emergency department and the primary inpatient service were collected.ResultsThe clinical decision tree correctly predicted the antimicrobial resistance status in 48/54 (88.9%) of episodes of bacteremia and identified 4/10 (40%) of ESBL+ isolates. Standard of care empiric antimicrobial prescribing by the emergency department (n = 23) was overly-broad in 39.1%, the targeted spectrum in 47.8%, and overly-narrow in 13.0%. Empiric antimicrobial prescribing by the primary inpatient service (n = 31) was overly-broad in 38.7%, the targeted spectrum in 48.4%, and overly-narrow in 12.9%. Transitioning from the emergency department to an inpatient service (n = 32), antimicrobials were empirically escalated in 34.4%, unchanged in 40.6%, laterally (similar antimicrobial spectrum) changed in 12.5%, and de-escalated in 9.4%.ConclusionIn a VA population, the clinical decision tree correctly predicted many patients, but performed less well in those who had ESBL+ bacteremia. Empiric prescribing by standard of care were suboptimal.Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.
Mutagenesis: The Outcome of Faulty Replication of DNA

Many diseases in humans are the result of specific genetic mutations. In the etiology of cancer, mutagenesis plays a critical and complex role. DNA damage by chemicals or radiation usually increases the rate of polymerase errors, but the types and frequencies of mutations depend on the structure and conformation of the DNA lesion, the cells in which it is replicated, and the DNA sequence context. A survey of the research in this area is presented here.
For Haven's Sake: Reflections on Inversion Transactions

This article discusses inversion transactions, in which a publicly traded U.S. corporation becomes a subsidiary of a newly established tax haven parent corporation. In the last three years, an increasing number of these transactions have been taking place, undeterred by the shareholder-level tax imposed by the IRS on them in 1994. The article first discusses the reasons for the increasing popularity of the transactions and the tax goals they aim at achieving (primarily avoiding subpart F and U.S. earnings stripping). The article then discusses the tax policy implications of these transactions. In the short run, the article suggests that the proper response is a redefinition of the concept of corporate residency. The article criticizes the shareholder-based redefinitions embodied in some current anti-inversion proposals, and suggests instead adoption of a modified managed and controlled test for all corporations. In the longer run, inversions may lead to abandonment of residence based corporate taxation in favor of source-based taxation. If that is the case, it is imperative to preserve the corporate tax base by developing better methods of determining the source of income (for example, formulary apportionment), and by putting some limits on tax competition.
Integrating synchronous and asynchronous support for group cognition in online collaborative learning

The Virtual Math Teams (VMT) environment has recently integrated a wiki component into its text chat and shared whiteboard system. The wiki component serves a number of purposes, such as summarizing synchronous small-group interactions and sharing the results among groups in an asynchronous knowledge-building community. The VMT project is part of an effort to investigate group cognition--the accomplishment of problem-solving and knowledge-building tasks by small groups, particularly in online, distributed contexts. This paper is an experience report on the use of the VMT system with middle-school, high-school and junior college math students, with masters-level information science students and with research teams. It synthesizes findings from the analysis in many published case studies of VMT system usage and describes recent extensions to the system, integrating a social-networking portal, a knowledge-building wiki, a group-cognition chat room and a shared whiteboard with history, awareness and referencing tools.
Constructing a Meeting

Participants at Midwest frequently experienced frustration, ambiguity, and conflict in their relationships with each other—this is characteristic of life in an organized anarchy. But it would be a mistake to focus only on this ambiguity and confusion without examining the order and predictability that individuals also experienced. This sense of order was produced by the variety and cycle of gatherings in which participants engaged during their working day. Each day individuals were brought together in recurring as well as novel combinations by the gatherings that they were either obligated to attend (by prior commitment, due to their position at the center, etc.) or that they had themselves scheduled and/or organized. What these gatherings had in common was talk; as participants moved from a therapy session to a chat to a meeting, they continually talked to one another. Each one of the typical gatherings at Midwest was characterized by a particular pattern of speech and action as well as group expectations about what constituted “proper” speech and action and use of speech on these occasions, and, for the most part, everyone understood the difference between a chat and a meeting or a therapy session and a lecture. The similarities and differences, and sometimes confusion, between these types of gatherings will be discussed in detail in this and subsequent chapters.
Dependency Parsing for Weibo: An Efficient Probabilistic Logic Programming Approach

Dependency parsing is a core task in NLP, and it is widely used by many applications such as information extraction, question answering, and machine translation. In the era of social media, a big challenge is that parsers trained on traditional newswire corpora typically suffer from the domain mismatch issue, and thus perform poorly on social media data. We present a new GFL/FUDG-annotated Chinese treebank with more than 18K tokens from Sina Weibo (the Chinese equivalent of Twitter). We formulate the dependency parsing problem as many small and parallelizable arc prediction tasks: for each task, we use a programmable probabilistic firstorder logic to infer the dependency arc of a token in the sentence. In experiments, we show that the proposed model outperforms an off-the-shelf Stanford Chinese parser, as well as a strong MaltParser baseline that is trained on the same in-domain data.
Polynomial Expressions of Linear Transformations and Matrices

From a theoretical point of view, this chapter is the heart of the book. It uses essentially all results established before to prove a great deal of surprising results concerning matrices. This chapter makes heavy use of basic properties of polynomials which are used to study the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of matrices.