cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Chiral symmetry breaking in lattice electrodynamics

Abstract Chiral symmetry breaking is studied in lattice quantum electrodynamics in the quenched approximation by computer simulation methods. Simulations at zero temperature show that 〈 Ψ Ψ〉 is non-zero for all couplings e 2 greater than a critical value e c 2 . The sensitivity of 〈 Ψ Ψ〉 to short-distance features of the lattice action is studied by simulating variant gauge actions. Simulations on asymmetric lattices do not reveal significant temperature dependence in the symmetry breaking dynamics. Subtle effects and limitations of quenched calculations are discussed.
Localization of the zinc finger DNA-binding protein HIV-EP1/MBP-1/PRDII-BF1 to human chromosome 6p22.3-p24.

Abstract A variety of cellular proteins have been found to bind to related DNA sequences in the enhancer elements of the human immunodeficiency virus, the κ immunoglobulin gene, the class I major histocompatability complex gene, and the β-interferon gene. Recently, λgt11 gene expression cloning using ligated oligonucleotide probes complementary to these DNA binding motifs has been performed. An identical cDNA clone encoding a cellular protein, referred to as HIV-EP1, MBP-1, or PRDII-BF1, that binds to each of these sequences has been identified. This cDNA potentially encodes a 298-kDa cellular protein with two widely separated zinc finger binding domains, each of which binds to the same DNA sequence. As part of an effort to examine the chromosomal organization of cellular genes encoding transcription factors, we report the chromosomal mapping of the gene encoding this zinc finger protein (ZNF40) to chromosome 6p22.3–24.
Comparison of Three Photoelectric Methods of Image Evaluation

A photographic lens has been analyzed by three methods of photoelectric photometry: a spot scanner, a knife-edge scan, and a sine wave scanner. The study indicates the superiority of the sine wave response method for evaluating how the lens will reproduce sine waves. The knife-edge scan, however, contains all the information and for lens testing may be the simplest test yet described.
Current concepts and treatment of digitalis toxicity

Abstract Digitalis toxicity is among the most common adverse drug reactions, and may cause arrhythmias and conduction disturbances in as many as 1 of 5 patients. Particularly responsible are the electrophysiologic properties of digitalis in increasing the automaticity of subsidiary pacemakers, reducing the refractory period and prolonging conduction velocity in the atria and ventricles, and delaying conduction in the atrioventricular (A-V) node. Underlying these electrophysiologic effects are digitalis-influenced alterations of cardiac cell transmembrane movements of sodium and potassium; the induction of ectopic impulses due to increased automaticity appears to be caused by inhibition of the activity of the sodium-potassium membrane adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) pump. Digitalis can provoke every type of cardiac arrhythmia, and no specific disorder of rhythm can be considered absolutely pathognomonic of digitalis toxicity. The factors that predispose to digitalis toxicity, as well as the onset and duration of action of the agent, must be taken into account. Potassium has relatively little influence on the toxic and the contractile actions of digitalis when the cation is administered after the glycoside has been taken up by the myocardium. In contrast, alterations in serum potassium effected before treatment with digitalis may have drastic effects on the electrophysiologic and contractile actions of the glycoside; hyperkalemia reduces the binding of digitalis to the myocardium. Diphenylhydantoin, lidocaine and propranolol are effective in terminating digitalisprovoked tachyarrhythmias, usually without inducing or worsening A-V block. Atrial or ventricular pacing to achieve electrical overdrive of the ectopic focus may be used if standard measures fail. In complete heart block, potassium should not be administered; atropine and electrical pacing should be used.
The inclusion of music/the music of inclusion

The intention of this paper is to situate music within inclusive education. Intersections of music – widely regarded as a ‘talent’ or hyperability – and disability provide unique perspectives on social organisation in general and human valuation in particular. Music is a ubiquitous and an essential component of learning beginning in infancy. Curricula and institutions grounded in the Western classical music canon and its pedagogical regime of ‘talent’, ranking, and competition (pervasive in both the West and much of East Asia) serve more to deprive students of music than provide it. While this is particularly true of students with disabilities, a multicultural set of case studies also demonstrate that students are also deprived and demeaned through a variety of conflations of disability with racialisation, class discrimination, and gendering within music education.
Distributive Politics and Voter Turnout

Do distributive policies affect voter turnout? Drawing upon previous research on distributive politics and policy feedback, we hypothesize that more distributive federal grants increase the rate of voting. Our analysis using district-level data from 1993 to 2000 reveals that the larger amount and number of distributive federal grants allocated to congressional districts are associated with the higher percentages of voter turnout in the subsequent congressional elections. We address estimation problems that result from the reciprocal relationship between federal spending and voter turnout and of omitted variable bias by using an instrumental variable. Our findings imply that distributive policies advantage incumbent legislators partly because they are effective for mobilizing potential supporters.
Complication of benign tracheobronchial strictures by self-expanding metal stents.

Abstract Objectives Self-expanding metal stents are used to palliate benign strictures. We examined the complications of this approach. Methods Between 1997 and 2002, we observed recurrent airway obstruction and extension of benign inflammatory strictures after the placement of tracheobronchial Microvasive Ultraflex stents and Wallstents (Boston Scientific Corp, Natick, Mass), in 10 patients with postintubation strictures and 5 with other indications; all but 1 patient were referred to us. Patients with tracheal (9), subglottic (1), combined tracheal and subglottic (3), and bronchial (2) strictures had been treated with covered and uncovered Wallstents (6) and Microvasive Ultraflex stents (9). Results After stent insertion, stricture and granulations within previously normal airway were seen in all patients. New subglottic strictures resulting from the stent caused hoarseness in 4 patients. A bronchoesophageal fistula was found in 1 patient at presentation and a tracheoesophageal fistula in another during extraction of a Wallstent. Primary surgical reconstruction, judged to have been feasible before wire stent insertion in 10 patients, was possible after stenting in only 7 and failed in 2. Palliative tubes were placed in 60% (9/15). Self-expanding metal stents may lengthen luminal damage, incite subglottic strictures, and cause esophagorespiratory fistula in inflammatory airway strictures. The injury is severe, occurs after a short duration of stenting, and precludes definitive surgical treatment or requires more extensive tracheal resection. Conclusion The current generation of self-expanding metal stents should be avoided in benign strictures of trachea and bronchi.
The relationship between sample size and diversity in archaeological assemblages

Abstract Richness and diversity measures are commonly used in archaeology, as they provide valuable insight into the distribution and abundance of classes in stone, ceramic or faunal assemblages. However, richness and diversity measures can be (but are not always) prone to effects of sample size that potentially cloud their meaning. Various analytical techniques can be used to detect whether, in a particular sample, a relationship exists between richness and/or diversity values and sample size. But recently, based on an analysis of diversity in faunal assemblages, Cruz-Uribe (1988, Journal of Archaeological Science 15, 179–196) offered a general prescription: sample size effects on diversity are insignificant in samples larger than MNI of 25. If that conclusion is correct, it would profoundly simplify the use and interpretation of diversity indices. Unfortunately, after reviewing Cruz-Uribe's data and analysis, we conclude that the generalization that sample size effects disappear with samples of MNI over 25 is not demonstrably true of the original data set, nor exportable to others.
Post-processing procedures for an elliptic distributed optimal control problem with pointwise state constraints

We consider an elliptic distributed optimal control problem with state constraints and compare three post-processing procedures that compute approximations of the optimal control from the approximation of the optimal state obtained by a quadratic C 0 interior penalty method.
From Aset to Jesus The History of the Goddess Aset in Ancient Kemet From Circa 3000 bce Until the Removal of Feminine Salvation Circa 400 ce

Early Christians appropriated icons and stories from the Kemetic Spiritual System to create a belief system centered on the martyr Jesus. When reexamining the roles of the Kemet trinity of Asar, As...
Ultrastructural observation of anterior pituitary gonadotrophs following hypophysial portal vessel infusion of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone

Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) (50 ng) was infused with a microcannula into hypothalamo-hypophysial stalk portal vessels of adult male rats. Anterior pituitaries were prepared for electron microscopy at 1, 5, 10, 15, 30 and 60 minutes after infusion. Granule release (exocytosis) from gonadotrophs was stimulated within one minute. Evidence of increased protein synthesis began at 5-10 minutes but was not maximal until 15 minutes. The majority of new granules appeared in the Golgi apparatus at 15 and 30 minutes. This study provides morphological evidence for LHRH-induced hormone and synthesis release under physiological conditions.
How do single cell C4 species form dimorphic chloroplasts

Bienertia sinuspersici is one of only three higher land plant species known to perform C4 photosynthesis without Kranz anatomy through partitioning of photosynthetic functions between dimorphic chloroplasts in a single photosynthetic cell. We recently reported the successful separation of the two chloroplast types, and biochemical and functional analyses revealed differences in protein composition and specialization of photosynthetic functions. In Kranz type C4 species, spatial (or cell-specific) control of transcription of nuclear genes contributes to development of dimorphic chloroplasts, but obviously this cannot be involved in formation of dimorphic chloroplasts within individual photosynthetic cells. Therefore, we address here the question of how nuclear encoded proteins could be selectively targeted to plastids within a cell to form two types of chloroplasts. We discuss current knowledge of chloroplast differentiation in single cell C4 species and present three hypothetical mechanisms for how this c...
Jason-1 Precision Orbit Determination by Combining SLR and DORIS with GPS Tracking Data

With the implementation of the Jason-1 satellite altimeter mission, the goal of reaching the 1-cm level in orbit accuracy was set. To support the Precision Orbit Determination (POD) requirements, the Jason-1 spacecraft carries receivers for DORIS (Doppler Orbitography and Radiopositioning Integrated by Satellite) and GPS (Global Positioning System), as well as a retroreflector for SLR (Satellite Laser Ranging). The overall orbit accuracy for Jason will depend on the quality and the relative weighting of the available tracking data. In this study, the relative importance of the SLR, DORIS, and GPS tracking data is assessed along with the most effective parameterization for accounting for the unmodeled accelerations through the application of empirical accelerations. The optimal relative weighting for each type of tracking data was examined. It is demonstrated that GPS tracking alone is capable of supporting a radial orbit accuracy for Jason-1 at the 1-cm level, and that including SLR tracking provides addi...
Repeated social stress enhances the innate immune response to a primary HSV-1 infection in the cornea and trigeminal ganglia of Balb/c mice.

Three to 5 days after a primary HSV-1 infection, macrophages infiltrate into the trigeminal ganglia (TG) and produce anti-viral cytokines to reduce viral replication. Previous research demonstrated that social disruption stress (SDR) enhances the trafficking of monocytes/macrophages from the bone marrow to the spleen and increases pro-inflammatory cytokine production in vitro and in vivo. The impact of SDR on the trafficking of these cells to loci of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection and subsequent function has not been examined. The following studies were designed to determine whether SDR would enhance the innate immune response during a primary HSV-1 infection by increasing the number of macrophages in the cornea and TG, thus increasing anti-viral cytokine production and reducing viral replication. BALB/c mice were exposed to six cycles of SDR prior to ocular infection with HSV-1 McKrae virus. Flow cytometric analysis of cells from the TG revealed an increase in the percentage of CD11b+ macrophages in SDR mice compared to controls. Immune cell infiltration into the cornea, however, could not be determined due to low cell numbers. Although gene expression of IFN-β was decreased, SDR increased gene expression of IFN-α, and TNF-α, in the cornea and TG. Examination of viral proteins showed decreased expression of infected cell protein 0 (ICP0), glycoprotein B (gB), glycoprotein H (gH) and latency-associated transcript (LAT) in the TG, however, expression of ICP0 and gB were elevated in the cornea of SDR mice. These results indicate that the innate immune response to HSV-1 was altered and enhanced by the experience of repeated social defeat.
A survey of renewable energy technologies for rural applications.

Abstract The availability of modern energy has long been recognized as one of the requirements for rural economic development. The recent advances that have been made in renewable energy technologies have broadened their applicability despite the recent decline in world oil prices. In this paper, we summarize the technology status of renewable energy technologies (photovoltaics, wind energy, hydro, and biomass technologies) that are considered appropriate for rural areas. In addition, we discuss the economic and institutional constraints that inhibit their widespread dissemination in rural areas.
Current options in chemoradiotherapy for rectal cancer

SUMMARY The management of rectal adenocarcinoma and the role of radiation in the adjuvant and neoadjuvant setting is evolving. Randomized clinical trials established the role of neoadjuvant chemoradiation (CRT), primarily in patients with T3/T4 and/or node-positive tumor presentations. Clinical trials comparing short-course radiotherapy with long-course CRT have been undertaken, and data supporting treatment with definitive CRT-reserving surgery for salvage is emerging. Clinical research to enhance the efficacy of the 5-fluorouracil-based CRT platform is being investigated, incorporating a variety of chemotherapeutics and targeted agents.
Improved Specimen Preparations for Electron Microscopy of FtsZ Protofilaments

FtsZ is a bacterial tubulin homolog that can polymerize into protofilaments and other structures in vitro. These in vitro structures have mostly been visualized by negative stain electron microscopy, but poor staining is a persistent problem. We have tested a previously described but underutilized technique of UVO (UV-Ozone) treatment of carbon coated grids (Burgess et al., J Struct Biol 2004). We mounted a low-pressure, mercury-vapor discharge lamp (Spectroline, Westbury,NY - short wave UV quartz pencil lamp, model 11SC-1) 5 cm from the grids and exposed them to UVO for 30-60 min (the lamp and grids are covered with a cardboard box). Negatively stained samples on UVO grids gave at least equal and usually better results than those treated by glow-discharge. Additionally, this method does not require a separate instrument, only a small pen-lamp and a box; thus it is also a cheaper and space-saving option. An alternative to negative stain is rotary shadowing, but the high glycerol concentrations required normally inhibit FtsZ polymerization. We have overcome this problem by using uranyl acetate (UrAc) as a fixative (Zhao&Craig, J Struct Biol 2003) prior to the rotary shadowing procedure, and have obtained images of intact FtsZ filaments. A drop of FtsZ filaments in assembly buffer was spread onto a small square of mica either by spraying or mica sandwich. The side of the square with filaments bound was then touched sequentially to drops of 2% UrAc (fix) and 0.2M ammonium acetate/30% glycerol (wash/shadowing buffer), drained and mounted on the vacuum evaporator stage for shadowing. The main advantage of rotary shadowing is high contrast, low background and high reproducibility of sample “staining”.
A static empty equipment allocation model for long-haul networks with constrained crew routes

A realistic and efficient tactical model is developed that is able to optimize equipment and crew movements in long-haul trucking networks so that drivers are able to return home within a reasonable amount of time. A unique feature of the model is that driver, tractor, and trailer routes are simultaneously optimized. An underlying assumption is that routes remain in place for extended periods; though the trailers, tractors, and drivers may flow across these routes at variable rates. We formulate a static linear programming model for this tactical problem, and propose a column generation algorithm. The algorithm is tested with real data from a less-than-truckload carrier and randomly generated test data. Networks with up to 40 nodes (including the 30-node real-life example) are successfully optimized. For our sample problems, we found that static routes produced solutions within an average 0.22% of the optimum under dynamic conditions, provided that variable flows are permitted across the static routes.
Nonlinear Kalman filtering techniques for terrain-aided navigation

The application of nonlinear Kalman filtering techniques to the continuous updating of an inertial navigation system using individual radar terrain-clearance measurements has been investigated. During this investigation, three different approaches for handling the highly nonlinear terrain measurement function were developed and their performance was established. These were 1) a simple first-order extended Kalman filter using local derivatives of the terrain surface, 2) a modified stochastic linearization technique which adaptively fits a least squares plane to the terrain surface and treats the associated fit error as an additional noise source, 3) a parallel Kalman filter technique utilizing a bank of reduced-order filters that was especially important in applications with large initial position uncertainties. Theoretical and simulation results are presented.
Synaptotagmin: A Ca 2+ sensor that triggers exocytosis?

It has been fifty years since the discovery that Ca2+ triggers the rapid exocytosis of neurotransmitters from neurons. One of the proteins that has a crucial role in this secretion event is synaptotagmin I, an abundant constituent of synaptic vesicles that binds Ca2+ ions through two C2 domains. These properties prompted the idea that synaptotagmin I might function as a Ca2+-sensor that triggers neurotransmitter release. So does synaptotagmin trigger exocytosis in a Ca2+-dependent manner, and, if so, how does it operate?
When the shoe is not an object: the chinela as thing in Lope de Vega's El caballero de Olmedo

This study conceives women's shoes in Lope de Vega's classic play El caballero de Olmedo [The Knight of Olmedo] to be what Bill Brown would call “things.” The first part of the article visualizes what an image of those shoes, or chinelas, might look like. It also contrasts Lope's treatment of chinelas in El caballero de Olmedo with another of his plays, Peribanez y el Comendador de Ocana [Peribanez and the Commander from Ocana], and with a short play by Miguel de Cervantes. The second part of the essay elucidates how the chinelas are not an object in El caballero de Olmedo through which characters acquire subjectivity nor are they conventional inanimate objects. Instead, they play an active role as character. Lope dramatizes the characterization through the shoes’ belatedness; they always arrive too late because Lope has transformed them into other stage props – words on a piece of paper about chinelas and ribbons from the chinelas.
Perspectives on the implementation of employee rights programs

In the past decade, employee rights have been an increasingly important and complex issue. This paper examines the benefits of successfully implementing employee rights programs and outlines factors that influence effective implementation. This includes a discussion of three general organizational approaches to employee rights issues and contextual factors that influence successful implementation of employee rights programs.
Lions or tigers or bears: Oh my! Hybrid visual and memory search for categorical targets

In many real world visual search tasks, we search for any of several targets (Are any of my Facebook friends at this party?). Such tasks are “hybrid” visual and memory searches where observers look...
AN EVALUATION OF METHODS FOR THE CONCENTRATION AND PURIFICATION OF INFLUENZA VIRUS

The concentration and purification of influenza virus by means of differential centrifugation in a vacuum type centrifuge, by adsorption on and elution from adult chicken red cells, by elution of the precipitate formed on freezing and thawing of allantoic fluid, by adsorption on and elution from embryonic chick red cells, and by combinations of the first method with each of the three succeeding methods, have been studied. Over-all yields of virus of about 50 to 70 per cent were obtained by these methods and combinations of methods except for somewhat lower yields when adsorption on and elution from adult chicken red cells was employed. However, the purified products obtained by methods involving only the use of red cells or the freezing and thawing technique were found to contain about 80 per cent of non-virus protein. The purified products obtained when differential centrifugation was used either alone or in combination with any one of the other methods were found to be indistinguishable and to consist of a fairly homogeneous component having a sedimentation constant of about 600 S. Such preparations possessed about 22,000 chicken red cell agglutinating units per mg. of protein nitrogen and solutions containing only about 10–14 gm. of the materials gave 50 per cent infectivity end points in chick embryos. The Sharples centrifuge was found to be almost as efficient as the vacuum type centrifuge for the concentration and purification of influenza virus and, because of its larger capacity, is recommended for the preparation of purified virus on a large scale.
Complex interaction between different proteinaceous components within the cell-wall structure of Candida albicans.

We have previously described a monoclonal antibody, MAb DC3:H10, which recognized an epitope preferentially expressed on the surface ofCandida albicans germ tubes. In the present study we examined the MAb-reactive material further. Immunoblot analysis of the material purified partially by Sephadex G-200 and DEAE-Sephacel chromatography reacted with antibodies to theC. albicans C3d receptor (CR2). In an ELISA, MAb DC3:H10 captured antigen that was recognized by both anti-CR2 and anti-mp58 fibrinogen binding mannoprotein polyclonal antibodies. The MAb DC3:H10 failed to compete with either of these antisera in an ELISA. Indirect immunofluo-rescence (IIF) analysis showed differences in surface distribution for the MAb DC3:H10, the CR2, and the mp 58 epitopes. Dual labeling IIF experiments showed MAb DC3:H10 binding to be unaffected by binding of fibrinogen or anti-mp58 antibody. However, the binding patterns of MAb DC3:H10 were modified in the presence of anti-CR2 antibody, suggesting a complex interaction between these cell wall components.
Identification of Gyroscopic System With Complex Variable Coordinates

This paper presents a use of the complex coordinates (z = x + iy) for identifying a linear dynamic model of a flywheel energy storage system (FESS). The complex coordinate system transformation yields a compact linear system model, and eliminates the skew-symmetric gyroscopic elements in equation of motion. The paper presents some basic results from linear systems theory using states that are represented by complex variables. In particular, it is shown that the concepts such as controllability and observability can be applied to this system representation. In addition, it is shown that the Eigensystem Realization Algorithm (ERA) can also be applied to these systems. The paper also demonstrates the efficacy of the proposed identification technique by application to an actual FESS.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
What causes ion channel proteins to fluctuate open and closed

Ion channels in the cell membrane spontaneously switch from states that are closed to the flow of ions such as sodium, potassium, and chloride to states that are open to the flow of these ions. The durations of times that an individual ion channel protein spends in the closed and open states can be measured by the patch clamp technique. We explore two basic issues about the molecular properties of ion channels: 1) If the switching between the closed and open state is an inherently random event, what does the patch clamp data tell us about the structure or motions in the ion channel protein? 2) Is this switching random?
Primary biliary cirrhosis: for want of an X chromosome?

1PDH-E2 is aberrantly expressed in the luminal surface of epithelial cells in the small bile duct only in patients with PBC and is the target of activated T lymphocytes. 2 In patients with PBC, precursor frequencies of PDH-E2-specific T cells isolated from the liver and hilar lymph nodes increase 100‐150 fold compared with peripheral blood mononuclear cells. 3 The immunodominant epitope that is recognised by MHC class II restricted CD4+ T cells in patients with PBC is aminoacids 163‐176 of PDH-E2. 4,5 The immunodominant epitope recognised by MHC class I restricted CD8+ T cells is similar (aminoacids 159‐167). 6 This peptide induces proliferation of specific MHC class I restricted CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes from most patients with PBC who are positive for HLA-A*0201. The frequency of cytotoxic T lymphocytes recognising this epitope is increased ten-fold in liver compared with blood in patients with PBC. 6,7
Limb Infrared Monitor of the Stratosphere (LIMB) Experiment

The Limb Infrared Monitor of the Stratosphere (LIMS) radiometer is a satellite-borne six-channel multispectral scanning radiometer using a two-stage methane and ammonia solid-cryogen cooler to cool the (Hg, Cd)Te focal plane to 65 K. The LIMS experiment employs thermal IR limb sounding to provide vertical-profile measurement of temperature and of concentrations of O3, NO3, and H2O in the stratosphere on a global scale. The goals of the experiment and the expected accuracies of the measurements are outlined, and the radiance measured by the radiometer is analyzed. A program of correlative measurements designed for verification and augmentation of the LIMS data is discussed. Detailed descriptions are given of the LIMS components and optics, the detector capsule assembly, the solid-cryogen cooler, the four operational modes of the LIMS system, and the data-processor electronics. It is noted that prelaunch acceptance testing thus far completed indicates that the LIMS specification design requirements have been met, and the experiment's performance goals can be achieved.
Thalassia testudinum seedling responses to changes in salinity and nitrogen levels

The dominant seagrass in Florida Bay, Thalassia testudinum Banks ex Konig, is a stenohaline species with optimum growth around marine salinity (30–40PSU). Previous studies have examined the responses of mature short shoots of T. testudinum to environmental stresses. Our goal was to assess responses of seedlings to changes in water chemistry in Florida Bay that might occur as part of the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan (CERP). Specifically, we examined seedling survival, growth, photosynthesis, respiration and osmolality in response to hypo- and hyper-salinity conditions, as well as possible synergistic effects of depleted and elevated ammonium concentrations. The study was conducted in mesocosms on T. testudinum seedlings collected during August 2003 near Florida Bay. Hyper- and hypo-saline conditions were detrimental to the fitness of T. testudinum seedlings. Plants at 0 and 70PSU exhibited 100% mortality and a significant decrease in survival was observed in the 10, 50 and 60PSU treatments. Increased levels of ammonium further decreased growth in the lower salinity treatments. Seedlings in 30 and 40PSU had the greatest growth. Quantum yield and relative electron transport rate, measured using PAM fluorometry, showed a decrease in photosynthetic performance on either side of the 30–40PSU optimum. Tissue osmolality decreased significantly with decreased salinity but tissue remained consistently hyperosmotic to the media across all salinity treatments. Maintaining negative water potential and allocating more energy to osmoregulation may decrease the productivity of this species in salinity–stress conditions. Our results suggest that the salinity-tolerance limits of this seagrass at the seedling stage are not as broad as those reported for mature plants. Increased fresh water inflow, especially if co-occurring with an increase in water-column ammonium, could negatively affect successful recruitment of T. testudinum seedlings in northern regions of Florida Bay.
Cardiac catheterization device for the delivery of human mesenchymal stem cells

Myocardial infarctions are the leading cause of death for both men and women in the United States. Current treatment techniques return blood flow to the infarcted tissue, but do not replace the dead cells with contractile cells. Research pertaining to human mesenchymal stem cells has shown promise in the ability to regrow and proliferate cardiac myocytes. Biological microthreads have been shown to efficiently deliver cells to the heart. However, a minimally invasive device to deliver cell seeded biological threads is needed to move the technology into the clinic. Therefore, we developed a cardiac catheterization device to deliver microthreads seeded with human mesenchymal stem cells to the left ventricular wall.
Japan’s sports diplomacy in the early post-Second World War years

This essay outlines key cases of sports diplomacy practiced by Japan with the assistance of the Allied Occupation Authorities after the Second World War. Both Japan and the occupation overlord empl...
Body Mass Trajectories and Mortality Among Older Adults: A Joint Growth Mixture–Discrete-Time Survival Analysis

Purpose of the Study: The aim of this study was to investigate heterogeneity in body weight trajectories among older adults and their association with mortality risks. Design and Methods: Information on body mass index (BMI) and survival come from nine waves of the Health and Retirement Study, a 16-year survey of adults aged 51–61 at baseline (N = 9,703). We used a sex-stratified joint growth mixture-discrete time survival model to characterize BMI trajectory groups and their associated mortality. Results: Three distinct classes of BMI trajectories were identified: “stable overweight,” “obese gaining,” and “obese losing.” Relative to the stable overweight class, which comprised about 90% of the sample, the obese gaining class had approximately 50% higher mortality risk; the highest mortality was found in the obese losing category (OR > 2.7, p < .001). The results were similar for men and women. Implications: The findings highlight substantial heterogeneity in weight trajectories of older Americans, as well as large survival differentials across the classes. The direction of weight changes appears inextricably linked to the overall BMI level in terms of predicting older adults’ longevity. Weight loss is associated with particularly high mortality risk even when the typical BMI change is from obesity to overweight.
Nasal reduplication in Mbe affixation

It is well known that though reduplicative morphemes generally fill their content through copy from a base stem, some also display a portion of fixed material. Understanding the source of such fixed segmentism in reduplication has been a matter of controversy and the subject of ongoing research in phonological theory. A long-standing theoretical approach has attributed any fixed content to prespecified material (Marantz 1982, Yip 1982 and subsequent developments; see Alderete et al . 1999 for an overview). However, more recent work has presented an alternative. A fruitful line of inquiry has stemmed from the notion that fixed content in reduplicative affixation can be explained without prespecification, through the activity of phonological constraints that are well integrated into the phonotactics and segmental-featural system of the language (McCarthy & Prince 1994b, 1995, Urbanczyk 1996a, b, Spaelti 1997, Alderete et al . 1999). Alongside the issue of fixed segmentism stands the question whether templatic structures are required to determine the size and shape of reduplicative affixes or whether such properties can be made to follow from general constraints on prosodic structure (see work cited above; also McCarthy & Prince 1994a, Prince 1997, Gafos 1998a, b, Urbanczyk 1998; with foundation from McCarthy & Prince 1986, 1990). This paper brings a study of Mbe affixation to bear on these issues.
Interplant Movement of Potato Aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) in Response to Environmental Stimuli

Potato aphid, Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas), is a highly mobile aphid species that dominates aphid communities in Maine potato fields and may contribute to virus transmission between potato plants. We studied effects of simulated rain, wind, mechanical raking, fungicide application, reflective mulch, and predator [lady beetle, Harmonia axyridis (Pallast)] on the interplant movement of wingless adult potato aphids in greenhouse experimental arenas that imitated small segments of a potato field. The number of aphids dispersing from the central plant in the arena after a tested perturbation was recorded. Experiments were repeated with 3- to 4-wk-old plants with nonoverlapping canopies and with 4- to 5-wk old plants with canopies overlapping within rows. Aphids moved between potato plants even when canopies did not overlap and without any environmental perturbations. However, more aphids moved between larger plants with overlapping canopies. Rain significantly encouraged aphid movement between plants with nonoverlapping canopies. Wind, rain, and mechanical raking significantly encouraged aphid movement between plants with overlapping canopies. Regardless of canopy overlap, most aphids moved within the rows of potato plants. However, there was also considerable movement between the rows, even though the aphids had to walk over bare soil.
COMPLICATIONS OF SURGERY FOR ORAL MALIGNANCY

The post-operative complications on 100 patients who had surgery for oral malignancy were studied. Sixty-five per cent developed one or more complications, wound breakdown being the most common. Complications increased with the clinical staging of the tumour and the extent of the surgery, but were not significantly related to age (if under 80 years), site or whether radiotherapy had been previously employed.
Image restoration with multiplicative noise: incorporating the sensor nonlinearity

A linear minimum mean-square-error deconvolution filter in the presence of multiplicative noise is derived. The importance of incorporating the nonlinear sensor characteristics into the restoration of noisy and blurred scanned photographic images is discussed. It is proposed to restore images in the 'exposure domain' where a linear convolutional relationship between the original and the observed images can be established. Results are presented on restoring photographic blurred images using the proposed filter in the exposure domain, whereas the use of the classical Wiener filter in the density domain, with additive noise assumption, does not yield any visible improvement. >
FEM1A and FEM1B: novel candidate genes for polycystic ovary syndrome

BACKGROUND: Human homologs (FEM1A, FEM1B, FEM1C) of nematode sex determination genes are candidate genes for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). We previously identified a FEM1A mutation (H500Y) in a woman with PCOS; FEM1B has been implicated in insulin secretion. METHODS: Women with and without PCOS (287 cases, 187 controls) were genotyped for H500Y and six FEM1A single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), five FEM1B SNPs and five FEM1C SNPs. SNPs and haplotypes were determined and tested for association with PCOS and component phenotypes. RESULTS: No subject carried the FEM1A H500Y mutation. FEM1A SNPs rs8111933 (P 5 0.001) and rs12460989 (P 5 0.046) were associated with an increased likelihood of PCOS whereas FEM1A SNP rs1044386 was associated with a reduced probability of PCOS (P 5 0.013). FEM1B SNP rs10152450 and a linked SNP were associated with a reduced likelihood of PCOS (P 5 0.005), and lower homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) for beta-cell function (HOMA-%B, P 5 0.011) and lower HOMA for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR, P 5 0.018). FEM1B SNP rs12909277 was associated with lower HOMA-%B (P 5 0.008) and lower HOMA-IR (P 5 0.037). Haplotype associations were consistent with SNP results, and also revealed association of FEM1B haplotype TGAGG with increased HOMA-%B (P 5 0.007) and HOMA-IR (P 5 0.024). FEM1C variants were not associated with PCOS. CONCLUSIONS: This study presents evidence suggesting a role for FEM1A and FEM1B in the pathogenesis of PCOS. Only FEM1B variants were associated with insulin-related traits in PCOS women, consistent with prior evidence linking this gene to insulin secretion. Replication of these associations and mechanistic studies will be necessary to establish the role of these genes in PCOS.
Facilitating Affectively to Increase Learning and Decrease Cheating in the Classroom

In today’s college environment there has been an influx of reports and news concerning student cheating, and dishonesty. This paper informs the reader how to affectively change the venue of learning today, by applying participatory facilitation skills to increase interest and retention with today’s students. This was espoused by Benjamin Bloom, through his work utilizing “Bloom’s Taxonomy of Learning.”
Efficient data-driven modeling with fuzzy relational rule network

An algorithmic approach for efficient identification of a fuzzy relational rule network (FR/sup 2/N) from data is presented. FR/sup 2/N uses a relational input partition for human-understandable modeling of linear interactions between the input variables. Mutual subsethood has been used to estimate the optimal interaction structure. An analytical relationship between the mutual subsethood measure and one of the parameters of the membership functions is derived. The use of this relationship results in a dramatic speed-up of the identification process.
Studies on the Oyster Community in Delaware: The Effects of the Estuarine Environment on the Associated Fauna

The purpose of this study was to determine the composition of the associated fauna of Delaware's oyster beds. Moreover the relative position of Delaware's oyster producing tributaries lends itself to testing the classic hypothesis concerning the effect of salinity on faunal distribution. Interaction of substrate was also studied. The local oyster beds are termed the bay beds which include planted and natural populations, and the river beds. From 1967 to 1971 approximately 800 samples have been collected and the majority of these were from the bay beds. In 1968 and 1969, 132 samples were systematically collected from the river beds and 19 from the bay beds. These were returned to the laboratory for special care in identification. Samples from fouling panels and oyster rafts provided additional species. 152 species were identified but only 133 species were statistically analysed because they were from the systematic collections. Nonparametric statistics were used. In order to facilitate analysis the top 23 species were selected for special treatment. In order of decreasing frequency of occurrence the species were: Sabellaria vulgaris, Conopeum tenuissimum, Panopeus herbsti, Nereis succinea, Palaemonetes vulgaris, Crassostrea virginica, Nassarius obsoletus, Polydora websteri, Membranipora tenuis, Garveia fransiscana, Bulanus improvisus, Diadumene leucolena, Aiptasiomorpha luciae, Melita nitida, Obelia longicyatha, Alcyonidium polyoum, Sertularia argentea, Crangon septemspinosa, Hydroides dianthus, Eurypanopeus depressus, Modiolus demissus, Parapleustes sp., and Hartlaubella gelatinosa. The diversity of species decreases up the estuary with decreasing salinity. Substrate can alter this pattern in particular cases. Within a given salinity range the presence of any firm substrate or mud influenced the nature of the community from epifaunal to infaunal. Four faunal units were recognized: the planted and natural beds, the four southern rivers, the Leipsic River, the Woodland Beach area. The Leipsic River area marks a critical transition zone with a rapid reduction in species. North of Woodland Beach brackish water conditions begin to prevail. The fauna was more diverse in late spring than in the fall but seasonality was not as marked as expected. The faunal composition of Delaware's oyster beds agrees with the cosmopolitan view of estuaries. The stability — time hypothesis proposed by SANDERS provides a theoretical basis to explain faunal distributions in Delaware's oyster community. The hardy nature and geologic history of this oyster community makes it a likely candidate as a sensitive indicator of environmental degradation in the estuary.
Maximizing Profit in Cloud Computing System via Resource Allocation

With increasing demand for high performance computing and data storage, distributed computing systems have attracted a lot of attention. Resource allocation is one of the most important challenges in the distributed systems specially when the clients have some Service Level Agreements (SLAs) and the total profit in the system depends on how the system can meet these SLAs. In this paper, an SLA-based resource allocation problem for cloud computing is considered and a distributed solution to this problem is presented. The processing, data storage, and communication resources are considered as three dimensions in which optimizations are performed. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed heuristic algorithm is robust (produces high quality solutions independent of the initial solution provided) and produces solutions very close to the "optimum" (best solution found by Monte Carlo simulation).
Biogeochemical interactions affecting hepatic trace element levels in aquatic birds

Knowledge of elemental interactions is important to the toxicological assessment of wildlife in the geochemical environment. This study determines the concentrations of Al, As, B, Ba, Be, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, Li, Mg, Mn, Hg, Mo, Ni, Se, Ag, V, and Zn in aquatic bird liver, fish liver, whole bivalves, insects, and waters in several aquatic ecosystems in northern California. There is evidence of strong in vivo and environmental interactions, including the observation of manganese as a possible cofactor or indicator in selenium bioaccumulation. The nearest neighbor selenium correlation in aquatic bird liver tissue that results from this work is Cd–Mn–Se–Hg–As. The correlation of liver selenium to manganese in vivo and the result that the majority of the variance in liver selenium concentration is contained in the manganese term of the regression model relating Se to Cd, Mn, and Hg is new knowledge in the study of aquatic birds. A linear relationship between liver selenium and environmental manganese (water and sediment) is found in the data, suggesting a water chemistry compartmentalization or activation of toxicants. Alternatively, the hepatic concentrations of selenium, manganese, and iron suggest induction of enzymes in response to oxidative stress.
The N2O–carbon reaction: The influence of CO and potassium on reactivity and populations of oxygen surface complexes

Abstract N 2 O reduction on two different chars promoted with potassium was investigated using temperature programmed reaction, as well as isothermal reaction followed by temperature programmed desorption. It was found that potassium promotion significantly increased the N 2 O reduction activity of the phenolic resin char, but not for the Wyodak coal char. Additional CO in the reactor feed gas had no discernible effect on the N 2 O reduction rate of the phenolic resin char, but it did significantly increase the reactivity of the promoted, demineralized Wyodak coal char. The latter is attributed to residual mineral matter impurities in the coal that are not removed by the demineralization process used.
Characteristics of atrial tachycardia due to small vs large reentrant circuits after ablation of persistent atrial fibrillation.

Background While macroreentrant atrial tachycardias (ATs) have been reasonably well described, little is known about small reentrant circuits. Objective To compare characteristics of large and small reentrant circuits after ablation of persistent atrial fibrillation. Methods Seventy-seven patients (age 61±10 years; left atrium 46±6 mm; ejection fraction 0.52±0.13) underwent a procedure for postablation AT. The p-wave duration, circuit size, electrogram characteristics, and conduction velocity were determined. Results AT was due to macroreentry in 62 (80%) patients, a small reentrant circuit in 13 (17%), and a focal mechanism in 2 (3%). The p-wave duration during small reentrant ATs was shorter than that during macroreentry (174±12 ms vs 226±22 ms; P Conclusions AT due to a small reentrant circuit after ablation of atrial fibrillation may be distinguished from macroreentry by a shorter p-wave duration and the presence of long-duration electrograms at the critical site owing to extremely slow conduction. These features may aid the clinician in the mapping of postablation ATs.
Sources of Performance in CRF Transfer Training: a Business Name-tagging Case Study

This paper explores methods for increasing performance of CRF models, with a particular concern for transfer learning. We consider in particular the transfer case from political news to hard-to-tag business news, and show the effectiveness of several methods, including a novel semi-supervised approach.
Body identity development: definitions and discussions

AbstractAs the fields of body psychotherapy and dance/movement therapy mature, they tend to create their own theoretical models. This article articulates a theory of body identity that may provide conceptual resources for these fields, both theoretically and clinically. The historical and developmental roots of body identity are discussed and contextualised, both socioculturally and psychologically. Body identity development is mapped onto a current developmental theory called narrative identity, resulting in a more inclusive discourse of multiple selves and non-conforming identities. The concept of body narrative is introduced, and is seen as the mechanism for the development of body identity. Clinical implications are discussed, though further work is needed to ‘flesh out’ how body identity is navigated in body-centred psychotherapies.