cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Vietnam War Stories: Stories from All Sides

Wars are often described and discussed from a single point of view. Vietnam War Stories: Stories from All Sides is an interactive digital storytelling platform that incorporated video interviews recorded from over 150 Vietnam War veterans and survivors from all sides, including U.S., North Vietnam, South Vietnam, Europe, and Asia on a historically accurate map. This project utilizes the perspectives of network science to integrate digital historical multimedia artifacts into a coherent network of linked resources that can then be visualized and represented in an interactive prototype. This allows the historians, researchers, and scholars to easily access the previously undocumented and segmented historical content, and easily explore connections between them. It also serves as an educational platform, allowing the public to navigate war stories in a highly personal and engaging fashion. Most importantly, "Vietnam War Stories" enables historical argumentation and interpretations of the individual experiences of Vietnam War by presenting multiple accounts and perspectives from primary sources as previously undocumented evidence of both sides of the Vietnam War. Furthermore, "Vietnam War Stories" will inform the design of future platforms that will offer the veterans a way to connect with other veterans and survivors and empower them with a channel to share their own stories.
Repowering Women’s Hanbok

Fashion trends or items that once nearly vanished revive when they regain cultural, religious, social or economical significance in the given society during the specific time period. Hanbok almost disappeared as the everyday clothing due to the drastic westernization of Korea during the early to mid-twentieth century. This design scholarship is aimed at developing designs that adhere to aesthetics of women's hanbok but emphasize independence, initiative, and confidence of contemporary women. Overall visual image of this design is intended to emphasize empowerment along with harmony and balance of modern women's lives. This design represents independent and confident identity of contemporary women by employing see-through fabrics, angular lines, high standing collar, and fitted cuffs while adhering to elegant and classy aesthetics of traditional Korean women's hanbok by introducing wide pants in place of a skirt and using sheer silk organza fabrics, simplified straight lines, and handmade-fabric corsage.
Towards High-Efficiency Triple-Junction Bifacial III-V Nanowire-on-Silicon Solar Cells: Design Approaches Enabling the Concept

Using rigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA) for simulating absorption in GaAs0.73P0.27 and In0.81Ga0.19As nanowire (NW) arrays grown on 200 μm-thick active silicon substrate, geometrical parameters of the arrays corresponding to maximum broad-band absorption were established. Conditions for current matching between the NW and Si sub-cells were designed by optimizing the NW diameter (D top = 350 nm, D bot = 700 nm) and center-to-center distance (P top = 500 nm, P bot = 1000 nm), as well as making use of the waveguide properties of NWs and back surface reflectors.
Proposing BCG Vaccination for Mycobacterium avium ss. paratuberculosis (MAP) Associated Autoimmune Diseases

Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination is widely practiced around the world to protect against the mycobacterial infection tuberculosis. BCG is also effective against the pathogenic mycobacteria that cause leprosy and Buruli's ulcer. BCG is part of the standard of care for bladder cancer where, when given as an intravesicular irrigant, BCG acts as an immunomodulating agent and lessens the risk of recurrence. Mycobacterium avium ss. paratuberculosis (MAP) causes a fatal enteritis of ruminant animals and is the putative cause of Crohn's disease of humans. MAP has been associated with an increasingly long list of inflammatory/autoimmune diseases: Crohn's, sarcoidosis, Blau syndrome, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, autoimmune diabetes (T1D), multiple sclerosis (MS), rheumatoid arthritis, lupus and Parkinson's disease. Epidemiologic evidence points to BCG providing a "heterologous" protective effect on assorted autoimmune diseases; studies using BCG vaccination for T1D and MS have shown benefit in these diseases. This article proposes that the positive response to BCG in T1D and MS is due to a mitigating action of BCG upon MAP. Other autoimmune diseases, having a concomitant genetic risk for mycobacterial infection as well as cross-reacting antibodies against mycobacterial heat shock protein 65 (HSP65), could reasonably be considered to respond to BCG vaccination. The rare autoimmune disease, relapsing polychondritis, is one such disease and is offered as an example. Recent studies suggesting a protective role for BCG in Alzheimer's disease are also explored. BCG-induced energy shift from oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis provides the immunomodulating boost to the immune response and also mitigates mycobacterial infection-this cellular mechanism unifies the impact of BCG on the disparate diseases of this article.
Internal Carotid Artery Dissection Presenting as Partial Horner's Syndrome and Vertigo

Distinguishing between central and peripheral causes of vertigo can be challenging not only in an acute setting but also in chronic settings. A thorough review of systems and physical exam can assist providers in differentiating central versus peripheral etiologies and the need for urgent imaging. In this case, a 47-year-old man presented with vertigo, right-sided hearing loss, right-sided headache, and right-sided facial pain that began 4 weeks before while the patient was on a cruise ship. His physical exam findings were notable for anisocoria with right pupil 3.5 and left pupil 4.5, mild ptosis on the right side, positive Romberg test to the right, and Fakuda test with deviation to the right. Urgent magnetic resonance imaging revealed dissection of the right cervical internal carotid artery with a nonocclusive intramural hematoma. This case illustrates the importance of imaging in vertigo patients in which a central etiology is suspected. It further demonstrates that isolated partial Horner's or unilateral headache may indeed be the only presenting sign in a carotid dissection.
User Equipment Localization and Victim Estimation with Next-Generation PSC in Emergency Response

Due to the advancement of mobile broadband communications, traditional public safety communications (PSC) network is no longer efficient in emergency response. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has initiated a research program for the next generation PSC. In this paper, we propose to locate and narrow search areas as well as victim estimation using wireless ad-hoc communication based schemes to accelerate the rescuing process in emergency responses. In the proposed approach, an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) based scheme is developed to narrow the search area. Moreover, we propose a distributed scheme using device-to-device communication to estimate the number of victims within a given search area. With the information provided by our proposed schemes, rescuers will have a better estimate of search areas and number of victims in emergence response scenarios. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed schemes are efficient and effective in the two targeted purposes. Our work will contribute significantly to the next generation PSC.
E-219 Utility of repeat angiography in aneurysmal-pattern angiographically negative subarachnoid hemorrhage

Background Some patients with aneurysmal-pattern subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) have a normal digital subtraction angiogram (DSA). Patients with angiographically negative subarachnoid hemorrhage (anSAH), including those with either perimesencephalic (panSAH) or aneurysmal-pattern hemorrhage (aanSAH, also known as diffuse anSAH), have an excellent prognosis if underlying vascular lesions are definitively excluded. Many centers perform a second DSA in these patients, but the rate of aneurysm detection on repeat DSA varies between studies, and the timing of this study is debated. Methods All patients initially diagnosed with aanSAH after a screening DSA at a single tertiary neurovascular referral center January 2006 – April 2018 were included in this study. Patients with perimesencephalic-pattern, sulcal hemorrhage and traumatic SAH were excluded. A systematic review and meta-analysis of positive second DSA was performed on published case series of patients with aanSAH and at least two serial DSAs. The primary outcome for this analysis was pooled incidence using a binary random-effects model with studies weighted by size. I-squared statistics were calculated to assess heterogeneity. Results Three patients (11.1%) with aanSAH and multiple DSAs were found to have a cerebral aneurysm on repeat DSA at our institution. Each aneurysm was small (2 mm or smaller in maximum diameter). In a systematic review of 26 studies on the utility of repeat DSA for aanSAH, the pooled rate of positive second DSA was 10.4% (95% CI 7.3% – 13.5%, P Conclusions About one in 10 patients with aanSAH have a ruptured cerebral aneurysm that is not detectable on initial DSA. These aneurysms tend to be very small and difficult to visualize using other imaging techniques. In patients with aneurysmal-pattern SAH and no detectable aneurysm, there is good evidence to perform a second DSA. Disclosures C. Nesvick: None. S. Oushy: None. K. Ravindran: None. L. Rinaldo: None. P. Kerezoudis: None. E. Wijdicks: None. G. Lanzino: None. A. Rabinstein: None.
Influence of interfacial oxide on the optical properties of single layer CdTe/CdS quantum dots in porous silicon scaffolds

Using a combination of continuous wave and time-resolved spectroscopy, we study the effects of interfacial conditions on the radiative lifetimes and photoluminescence intensities of sub-monolayer colloidal CdTe/CdS quantum dots (QDs) embedded in a three-dimensional porous silicon (PSi) scaffold. The PSi matrix was thermally oxidized under different conditions to change the interfacial oxide thickness. QDs embedded in a PSi matrix with ∼0.4 nm of interfacial oxide exhibited reduced photoluminescence intensity and nearly five times shorter radiative lifetimes (∼16 ns) compared to QDs immobilized within completely oxidized, porous silica (PSiO2) frameworks (∼78 ns). The exponential dependence of QD lifetime on interfacial oxide thickness in the PSi scaffolds suggests charge transfer plays an important role in the exciton dynamics.
Artificial neural network potential for pure zinc

Abstract Zinc (Zn), because of its aberrant c / a ratio, has proven difficult to model using classical interatomic potentials such as the Modified Embedded Atom Method (MEAM). The limitations of existing formalisms in modeling Zn have been overcome here using a machine learned interatomic potential. This potential is trained using a database of density functional theory(DFT) calculations generated using the generalized gradient approximation. The resulting feedforward perceptron has a minimal architecture with a single hidden layer of 20 neurons. Validation of the network generated potential demonstrates that the potential correctly reproduced the training database while also predicting the experimentally observed c / a ratio as a function of temperature. The network is able to simultaneously predict the correct c / a ratio while also finding the hexagonally close packed structure as the ground state, which has not been previously demonstrated with semi-emprical potentials. This potential shows various results which are in good agreement with DFT and experimental calculation and will be a useful tool in the simulation of Zn at the molecular dynamics scale.
The infall of dwarf satellite galaxies are influenced by their host's massive accretions

Recent progress in constraining the massive accretions (>1:10) experienced by the Milky Way (MW) and the Andromeda galaxy (M31) offers an opportunity to understand the dwarf galaxy population of the Local Group. Using zoom-in dark matter-only simulations of MW-mass haloes and concentrating on subhaloes that are thought to be capable of hosting dwarf galaxies, we demonstrate that the infall of a massive progenitor is accompanied with the accretion and destruction of a large number of subhaloes. Massive accreted progenitors do not increase the total number of infalling subhaloes onto a MW-mass host, but instead focus surrounding subhaloes onto the host causing a clustering in the infall time of subhaloes. This leads to a temporary elevation in the number of subhaloes as well as changes in their cumulative radial profile within the virial radius of the host. Surviving associated subhaloes with a massive progenitor have a large diversity in their orbits. We find that the star formation quenching times of Local Group dwarf spheroidal galaxies ($10^{5} \mathrm{M_{\odot}} \lesssim \mathrm{M}_{*} \lesssim 10^{7} \mathrm{M_{\odot}}$) are clustered around the times of the most massive accretions suffered by the MW and M31. Our results imply that a) the quenching time of dwarf spheroidals is a good proxy of their infall time and b) the absence of recently quenched satellites around M31 suggests that M33 is not on its first infall and was accreted much earlier.
Re-collection and identity of Ooencyrtus californicus (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), and its new synonym, Ooencyrtus lucidus.

Girault (1917) very briefly described and diagnosed the encyrtid wasp species Ooencyrtus californicus Girault (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) with the following limited data (p. 22): “Sacramento, California, from bug eggs on Pinus sabiniana, September”. The first author examined its two syntypes, poorly mounted on a slide, of which only parts of the four antennae and a slightly damaged fore wing remain (Triapitsyn et al. 2020). They concluded that this species was better considered a nomen dubium until fresh specimens could be collected from the same host plant in or near the type locality. In July 2019, an effort was made to re-collect O. californicus from foothill (or gray) pine, Pinus sabiniana (Pinaceae), in the Oakhurst area of Madera County, California, USA, where this pine is abundant, but no specimens were captured. At the same time, a very similar insect was collected from sentinel eggs of the invasive stink bug Bagrada hilaris (Burmeister) in Riverside, California. This insect was cultured in the laboratory as part of a B. hilaris biological control program. Due to the poor preservation of the type specimens and in the absence of genetic evidence, it was impossible to positively and properly attribute specimens of this newly collected parasitoid to O. californicus. Therefore, to provide a much needed scientific name for this native egg parasitoid, it was described as Ooencyrtus lucidus Triapitsyn & Ganjisaffar in Triapitsyn et al. (2020). The two nominal species were separated based on minor differences in the proportions of the scape, pedicel, and first funicular segment of the female antenna (Triapitsyn et al. 2020). John S. Noyes, world expert on Encyrtidae and one of the reviewers of Triapitsyn et al. (2020), disagreed with the erection of O. lucidus as a new taxon based on the morphological similarities of the female antenna with that of O. californicus, so the description was published with the understanding that the two might be conspecific. But to settle this one way or another new specimens of O. californicus had to be collected to allow morphological and molecular analyses.
Confinement size determines the architecture of Ran-induced microtubule networks

The organization of microtubules (MTs) is critical for cells during interphase and mitosis. During mitotic spindle assembly, MTs are made and organized around chromosomes in a process regulated by RanGTP. The role of RanGTP has been explored in Xenopus egg extracts, which are not limited by a cell membrane. Here, we investigated whether cell-sized confinements affect the assembly of RanGTP-induced MT networks in Xenopus egg extracts. We used microfluidics to encapsulate extracts within monodisperse extract-in-oil droplets. Importantly, we find that the architecture of Ran-induced MT networks depends on the droplet diameter and the Ran concentration, and differs from structures formed in bulk extracts. Our results highlight that both MT nucleation and physical confinement play critical roles in determining the spatial organization of the MT cytoskeleton.
Effects of a Prompting Intervention on Teachers’ Use of Behavior-Specific Praise in an Urban Preschool

The purpose of this study was to examine whether the use of a prompting technique increased pre-school teachers’ use of behavior-specific praise (BSP) statements. Two early childhood teachers participated in the study; one served children aged three to four years, the other four to five years. Both classes consisted of students from low income neighborhoods and all were Black or African American. A single-subject research design was used to determine if an electronic prompting device called a MotivAider increased teachers’ use of BSP statements. Rates of BSP statements, general praise statements, and corrective statements were scored. Results indicated that the use of the MotivAider increased BSP statements for both teachers, minimally increased general praise for one teacher and reduced the number of corrective statements by both teachers.
Hydrophobic surface patterning with soft, wax-infused micro-stamps

In this paper, we demonstrate an easy-to-use and inexpensive stamping method that can be used to generate hydrophobic paraffin surface patterns on a variety of materials and surface geometries, including flat and curved surfaces. In this method, a waxy Parafilm sheet is placed on the back of a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) stamp containing microscale surface features; when heated above the melting temperature, the paraffin liquefies and diffuses into the stamp, which functions as a paraffin reservoir. The directional diffusion of the paraffin allows only a thin layer of liquid to be present at the micropatterned stamp surface. Hence, when it is put into contact with a target surface, it transfers a paraffin pattern with submicron lateral resolution and sub-100 nm thickness. By using XPS analysis to track paraffin diffusion process within the PDMS stamp, the diffusion coefficient in PDMS is estimated to be 5.3 x 10-11 m2/s at 65°C. In addition to improved patterning, the paraffin-saturated PDMS stamp removes the need for re-inking for consecutive patterning. In general, our process allows for rapid deposition of complex, multi-layer paraffin patterns on a variety of surfaces.
5-Month-Olds’ Categorization of Novel Objects: Task and Measure Dependence

To examine key parameters of the initial conditions in early category learning, two studies compared 5-month-olds' object categorization between tasks involving previously unseen novel objects, and between measures within tasks. Infants in Experiment 1 participated in a visual familiarization / novelty preference (VFNP) task with 2D stimulus images. Infants provided no evidence of categorization by either their looking or their examining even though infants in previous research systematically categorized the same objects by examining when they handled them in 3D. Infants in Experiment 2 participated in a VFNP task with 3D stimulus objects that allowed visual examination of objects' 3D instantiation while denying manual contact with the objects. Under these conditions, infants demonstrated categorization by examining but not by looking. Focused examination appears to be a key component of young infants' ability to form category representations of novel objects, and 3D instantiation appears to better engage such examining.
HCI Sorption by Dry NaHCO3 for Incinerator Emissions Control

The sorption of hydrochloric acid (HCI) by thermally decomposed sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) was investigated using a fixed-bed reactor containing sorbent particles dispersed in a bed of spherical glass beads. The gas flow rate (68° F and 760 mm Hg) was 0.039 cfm (1.1 liter/min) and the bed had a cross-sectional area of 0.0055 sq. ft. (5.1 sq. cm). The influence of particle diameter (10, 45 and 163 μm), temperature (225, 275, 375, 455, and 550° F), superficial gas velocity (11 and 21 fpm at reactor conditions, 375° F), and Inlet HCI gas concentration (415 ppm and 760 ppm in N2, 275 and 455° F) were studied. Results showed that HCI sorption increased strongly with increasing temperature but was only weakly dependent on particle diameter, superficial gas velocity, and HCI gas concentration.
An evaluation of virtual human appearance fidelity on user's positive and negative affect in human-virtual human interaction

The effectiveness of visual realism of virtual characters in engaging users and eliciting affective responses has been an open question. We empirically evaluated the effects of realistic vs. non-realistic rendering of virtual humans on the emotional response of participants in a medical virtual reality system that was designed to educate users to recognize the signs and symptoms of patient deterioration. In a between-subjects experiment protocol, participants interacted with one of three different appearances of a virtual patient, namely realistic, non-realistic cartoon-shaded and charcoal-sketch like conditions. Emotional impact of the rendering conditions was measured via a combination of subjective and objective metrics.
LSA field test

After almost four years of endurance testing of photovoltaic modules, no fundamental life-limiting mechanisms were identified that could prevent the twenty-year life goal from being met. The endure data show a continual decline in the failure rate with each new large-scale procurement. Cracked cells and broken interconnects continue to be the principal causes of failure. Although the modules are more adversely affected physically by hot, humid environments than by cool or dry environments there are insufficient data to correlate failure with environment. There is little connection between the outward physical condition of a module and changes in its electrical performance.
The Cybernetic Theory of Decision: New Dimensions of Political Analysis

List of Figures ix Preface to the Second Paperback Edition xi Preface xxi Chapter 1: Introduction 3 PART ONE: PARADIGMS OF THE DECISION PROCESS Chapter 2: The Analytic Paradigm 25 Chapter 3: The Cybernetic Paradigm 47 Chapter 4: Cognitive Processes 88 Chapter 5: Politics and Policy 140 PART TWO: THE POLITICS OF NUCLEAR SHARING 1956-1964 Chapter 6: Strains in the Alliance: Genesis of a Two-Value Problem 153 Chapter 7: The Development of Nuclear Sharing Proposals: 1956-1960 173 Chapter 8: The Rise of the Multilateral Force: 1961-1963 199 Chapter 9: Asendancy and Sudden Death of the Multilateral Force: 1963-1964 327 Chapter 10: Epilogue: Conclusions and Implications 327 Bibliography 343 Index 361
Compression of Project Schedules using the Analytical Hierarchy Process

This paper presents a new method for schedule compression of construction projects using the analytical hierarchy process (AHP). The method utilizes a multi-objective decision environment in which activities are queued for crashing based on the priorities established in that environment. Schedule compression is commonly needed in management of engineering, procurement and construction projects. A wide range of methods are introduced in the literature to perform schedule compression utilizing genetic algorithms, heuristic rules, near-optimum solutions using harmony search and analogy with the direct stiffness method for structural analysis. Although all these methods consider only cost in the process of schedule compression, a recently conducted survey, by the authors, indicates that project managers consider more than one factor in this process. In fact, the lack of consideration of factors beyond cost has been attributed to the limited use of existing methods. The method presented in this paper aims to circumvent the limitation of the existing methods. It utilizes the findings of a recently conducted survey questionnaire as well as the AHP to develop a multi-objective decision environment to perform schedule compression in a practical and flexible manner. It further allows for consideration of risk associated with the individual attributes considered in setting priorities for activity crashing. A numerical example is analysed to demonstrate the use of the developed method and to illustrate its practical features. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mathematics and Language

This essay considers the special character of mathematical reasoning, and draws on observations from interactive theorem proving and the history of mathematics to clarify the nature of formal and informal mathematical language. It proposes that we view mathematics as a system of conventions and norms that is designed to help us make sense of the world and reason efficiently. Like any designed system, it can perform well or poorly, and the philosophy of mathematics has a role to play in helping us understand the general principles by which it serves its purposes well.
Second-order acceleration models for a multiple model adaptive estimator in a FLIR tracker

The performance of a multiple-model adaptive estimator (MMAE) for an enhanced correlator/forward-looking-infrared tracker for airborne targets is analyzed in order to improve its performance. Performance evaluation is based on elemental filter selection and MMAE estimation error sizes and trends. The elemental filters are based on either first- or second-order acceleration models. Improved filter selection is achieved by using acceleration models that separate the frequency content of acceleration power spectral densities into nonoverlapping regions with second-order models versus the more traditional overlapping regions with first-order models. A revised tuning method is presented. The maximum a posteriori estimator is compared with the Bayesian MMAE. The calculation of the hypothesis probability is altered to see how performance is affected. The impact of the ad hoc selection of a lower bound on the elemental filter probability calculation to prevent filter lockout is evaluated. Parameter space discretization is investigated. >
Superficialis Sling (Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Tenodesis) for Swan Neck Reconstruction

Swan neck deformity, or hyperextension of the proximal interphalangeal joint, may occur secondary to trauma, rheumatoid arthritis, cerebral palsy, or Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, and can be treated with tenodesis of one slip of the flexor digitorum sublimis tendon. This technique has several variations, differing primarily in the specific location and method that a single slip of the flexor digitorum sublimis tendon is secured, but they all serve to create a static volar restraint against hyperextension. Options include tunneling the tendon through the bone of the proximal phalanx, attaching the tendon to the A1 or A2 pulley, or securing the tendon with bone anchors in the proximal phalanx.
Fully coupled approach to modeling shallow water flow, sediment transport, and bed evolution in rivers

[1] Our ability to predict complex environmental fluid flow and transport hinges on accurate and efficient simulations of multiple physical phenomenon operating simultaneously over a wide range of spatial and temporal scales, including overbank floods, coastal storm surge events, drying and wetting bed conditions, and simultaneous bed form evolution. This research implements a fully coupled strategy for solving shallow water hydrodynamics, sediment transport, and morphological bed evolution in rivers and floodplains (PIHM_Hydro) and applies the model to field and laboratory experiments that cover a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. The model uses a standard upwind finite volume method and Roe's approximate Riemann solver for unstructured grids. A multidimensional linear reconstruction and slope limiter are implemented, achieving second-order spatial accuracy. Model efficiency and stability are treated using an explicit-implicit method for temporal discretization with operator splitting. Laboratory-and field-scale experiments were compiled where coupled processes across a range of scales were observed and where higher-order spatial and temporal accuracy might be needed for accurate and efficient solutions. These experiments demonstrate the ability of the fully coupled strategy in capturing dynamics of field-scale flood waves and small-scale drying-wetting processes.
Enzymes, Extremely Thermostable

Introduction Extremely Thermostable Enzyme Discovery Direct Purification From Extreme Thermophile Biomass Expression Cloning Sequence Analysis of Genomic DNA Enzymes from Extreme Thermophiles General Characteristics Enzymes from Extreme Thermophiles Involved in Intermediate Metabolism Proteases from Extreme Thermophiles Glycosyl Hydrolases from Extreme Thermophiles Mechanisms of Thermostability Intrinsic Factors Influencing Protein Stability Extrinsic Factors Influencing Protein Stability Recombinant Extremely Thermophilic Enzymes Uses of Extremely Thermostable Enzymes General Considerations Polymerase Chain Reaction Replacements of Existing Industrial Enzymes New Opportunities Summary Bibliography Keywords: archaea; biomass; enzymes; hyperthermophilic; proteases; protein stability; thermostable
Long-term results of craniofacial implantation: a return to methyl methacrylate

A variety of materials are currently implanted in the reconstruction of bony defects of the cranial vault. Traditionally, autologous bone demonstrates low rates of resorption, extrusion, and infection. Alloplastic materials are available in nearly unlimited supply and obviate donor site morbidity. One of the earliest alloplastic materials used in cranioplasty was polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), a malleable and inert implant material. More recently, biocompatible cements such as hydroxyapatite cement have gained rapid acceptance. However, our experience has led us to return to PMMA in craniofacial reconstruction because of its excellent cosmetic and functional results in addition to the low incidence of complications. In the last 6 years, we have implanted PMMA in the treatment of craniofacial defects in 30 patients with only one postoperative infection requiring implant removal. Three other minor complications resolved with expectant management. We believe that this low rate of complications was due, in part, to key methods of implant stabilization as well as the use of antibiotic-impregnated implant material. These methods are presented herein and are differentiated based on the use of PMMA for restoration of full-thickness defects versus augmentation of partial-thickness defects or bony deficiencies.
Distribution, half-life, and excretion of 14 C- and 3 H-labeled L-prolyl-L-leucyl-glycinamide in the rat.

H-Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2, a potentinhibitor of melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH) release [MSH-release inhibiting factor (MIF)], was labeled with 14C-leucine or 3H-proline and injected i.v. into rats. H-Pro-14C-Leu-Gly-NH2 was found to have a half-life of approximately 9 min and to be distributed in a space greater than that of the plasma volume. Relatively little radioactivity and no intact H-Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2 could be found in the urine 1 h after administration. 3H- and 14C-labeled-H-Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2 accumulated in the pineal, pituitary, kidney, liver, and adrenals; the elevated tissue to plasma ratio in the pineal, along with the identification of unchanged H-Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2 there, suggests the possibility of a direct influence of the hypothalamus upon the pineal gland.
Morphisms between supersymmetric and topological quantum field theories

Abstract We find that topological invariants, isomorphic to Donaldson polynomials, exist in chiral superfield theories. Twists between these invariants and those of the corresponding TQFT are given. In the topological sigma model, anticommuting charges of integer spin are found which together with the BRST charge, fill out a D = 2, N = 2 supersymmetry algebra.
Literature on fiscal support for community colleges

This chapter reviews recent literature on the external fiscal environment in which community colleges operate and on the ways community colleges adapt to changes in that environment.
Assessment of functional residual capacity using nitrogen washout and plethysmographic techniques in infants with and without bronchopulmonary dysplasia

Objective: In normal infants, functional residual capacity using plethysmography (FRCpleth) exceeds FRCN2 (using nitrogen washout) and the within-subject difference FRC(pleth−N2) indicates the part of pulmonary gas volume not ventilated during tidal breathing. We postulated that infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) have an elevated FRC(pleth−N2). Design: In a prospective study, FRC(pleth−N2) in healthy newborns (controls n = 17) was compared to that in neonates recovering from the respiratory distress syndrome without BPD (noBPD, studied at discharge, n = 13) and with BPD (BPD1 n = 14, studied at 36 post-conceptional weeks; BPD2 n = 16, at discharge). Measurements and results: Paired measurements, FRCpleth and FRCN2, were performed using a plethysmograph (Jaeger, Germany) and an open-circuit nitrogen washout technique (SensorMedics 2600, USA). In comparison to the controls (5.2 ml/kg), FRC(pleth−N2)/kg in noBPD (12.7 ml/kg, p < 0.001), in BPD1 (24.9 ml/kg, p < 0.001) and in BPD2 (13.5 ml/kg, p < 0.001) was significantly higher. Compared with that of the controls FRCpleth was significantly increased in BPD1 (p < 0.001) and FRCN2 was decreased in noBPD and both BPD groups. Conclusion: The FRC(pleth−N2) is a reliable indicator for pulmonary inhomogeneities in infants with respiratory diseases.
Changes in Glutamate Receptor Subunits within the Medulla in Goats after Section of the Carotid Sinus Nerves

The mechanisms which contribute to the time-dependent recovery of resting ventilation and the ventilatory CO2 chemoreflex after carotid body denervation (CBD) are poorly understood. Herein we teste...
Nanosecond Pulsed Laser Processing of Ion Implanted Single Crystal Silicon Carbide Thin Layers

Abstract The attractiveness of single crystal SiC in a variety of high power, high voltage, and high temperature device applications such as electric vehicles and jet engines is counteracted by the very high cost of substrates. Precision cutting of multiple micrometre thick SiC layers and transferring them to lower cost substrates would drive the cost down and allow expanding the use of single crystal SiC. In this study, laser beam processing has been utilized to exfoliate thin layers from a surface of single crystal SiC that was prepared with hydrogen and boron ion implantation. The layer thickness of 1 μm has been achieved by ion implantation that formed voids and microcracks under the surface at a layer of 150 nm thick. High energy laser pulses provided the layer removal and its transfer to bonded Si substrate has been shown. Exfoliated surfaces and topography have been evaluated with Scanning Electron Microscopy. Furthermore, thermal modelling of pulse laser irradiation of implanted multi-layer SiC material has been conducted and temperature profiles are obtained at different peak pulse intensity settings to optimize exfoliation process parameters. It was found that laser exfoliation mechanism can be further improved by higher optical absorptance of defect rich layer obtained with boron ion implantation.
Risk assignment in pediatric soft-tissue sarcomas: an evolving molecular classification.

Pediatric soft-tissue sarcomas are increasingly being defined by both histologic appearance and underlying chromosomal abnormalities to determine their biologic behavior. Most sarcomas of this type have specific chromosomal translocations that create unique fusion genes. Expression of such fusion genes may have diagnostic, prognostic, and surveillance implications for the patient. This review analyzes the fusion gene expressions seen with seven of the major types of pediatric soft-tissue tumors and their impact on biologic behavior. In nearly 50% of the malignancies discussed, the diagnostic, prognostic, and surveillance implications of their specific fusion gene expressions are already defined or becoming established (alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma/ primitive neuroectodermal tumor, and synovial sarcoma). In the remainder of the tumors, these questions are rapidly being addressed. To facilitate future fusion gene studies, pediatric surgeons, pathologists, and oncologists need to work as a coordinated team to ensure proper tumor procurement. Large clinical cooperative trials involving biologic studies of pediatric soft-tissue sarcomas could facilitate advancement of knowledge in this area of pediatric oncology.
The Operant Manipulation of Vocal Pitch in Normal Speakers

A device consisting of variable electronic filters and voice-actuated relays was used to raise or lower the vocal pitch of four normal-speaking subjects by the differential reinforcement of selecte...
Expanding the chemistry of U3+ reducing agents

Abstract The U 3+ ion offers many opportunities for developing new actinide reaction chemistry. This review surveys the traditional non-aqueous U 3+ reduction chemistry in the literature and summarizes recent attempts to combine U 3+ reduction with ligand-based reductions to achieve multi-electron reduction with complexes of this ion. The purpose of this analysis is to better identify new possibilities for further expansion of the reduction chemistry of U 3+ .
Palatal myoclonus associated with extremity tremor

Palatal myoclonus associated with extremity movements such as myoclonus or tremor is uncommon and reports are rare. Five patients with palatal myoclonus and a rest tremor are presented. In four patients, a slow rest tremor (3 Hz or less) was present. The tremor persisted on sustained posture and finger-to-nose maneuvers and was usually not synchronous with the palatal movements. It was not associated with clinical manifestations of Parkinson's disease and occurred in conjunction with brain-stem infarction in three patients.
Understanding regional development mechanisms in Greater Beijing Area, China, 1995–2001, from a spatial–temporal perspective

Due to its rapid economic gains in recent decades, studies of China’s regional development have recently attracted scholarly attentions. Multi-scalar and multi-mechanism are proposed as crucial approaches in China’s regional studies. More advanced methodological development in GIS and spatial analysis also lends power to in-depth understanding of China’s regional development. This study examines the development mechanisms from a spatial–temporal perspective in Greater Beijing Area (GBA), China. In particular, with panel data of GBA from 1995 to 2001 at county level, the study intends to apply a spatial panel regression analysis to study the well identified regional development mechanisms, namely, institutional factors, globalization and urbanization. Based on the panel data analysis, a tentative geographically and temporally weighted regression (GTWR) is also proposed to explore the potentially varying relationships between economic development and its mechanisms from a space–time standpoint. Results from the analyses are quite interesting. First, when urbanization seems to hinder regional development in GBA with cross-sectional analysis, the spatial panel analysis indicates that urbanization contributes to GBA’s development in the 7 years span. Second, per capita foreign investment, which was usually deemed one of the major factors of globalization and a financial engine for regional development in the reform China, turns out to be a negligible mechanism in GBA’s development. Third, among all the development mechanisms, the government’s financial capability seems to dominate the regional development in GBA. GTWR analysis further revealed potential non-stationary relationships among the modeled variables, indicating that the functions of regional development mechanisms are inherently heterogeneous both spatially and temporally in GBA.
Xath5 Participates in a Network of bHLH Genes in the Developing Xenopus Retina

Abstract We examined the function of basic-helix–loop–helix (bHLH) transcription factors during retinal neurogenesis. We identified Xath5 , a Xenopus bHLH gene related to Drosophila atonal , which is expressed in the developing Xenopus retina. Targeted expression of Xath5 in retinal progenitor cells biased the differentiation of these cells toward a ganglion cell fate, suggesting that Xath5 can regulate the differentiation of retinal neurons. We examined the relationship between the three bHLH genes Xash3 , NeuroD , and Xath5 during retinal neurogenesis and found that Xash3 is expressed in early retinoblasts, followed by coexpression of Xath5 and NeuroD in differentiating cells. We provide evidence that the expression of Xash3 , NeuroD , and Xath5 is coupled and propose that these bHLH genes regulate successive stages of neuronal differentiation in the developing retina.
How a Detracked Mathematics Approach Promoted Respect, Responsibility, and High Achievement.

This article describes the ways in which the mathematics department of an urban, ethnically diverse school brought about high and equitable mathematics achievement. The teachers employed heterogeneous grouping and complex instruction, an approach designed to counter status differences in classrooms. As part of this approach teachers encouraged multidimensional classrooms, valued the perspectives of different students, and encouraged students to be responsible for each other. The work of students and teachers at Railside School was equitable partly because students achieved more equitable outcomes on tests, but also because students learned to act in more equitable ways in their classrooms. Students learned to appreciate the contributions of students from different cultural groups, genders, and attainment levels, a behavior termed relational equity. This article describes the teaching practices that enabled the department to bring about such important achievements.
Endocrine changes during 48 hours of food withdrawal in the pregnant rhesus monkey in the last third of gestation.

We studied the hormonal responses in four pregnant rhesus monkeys between 112 and 149 days gestation. After 2 days, during which the monkeys were fed ad libitum, their food was withdrawn at 1500 h for 48 h while allowing free access to water. The food then was returned, and the animals were studied for a further 2 days. The mean maternal whole blood glucose concentration significantly decreased, and plasma cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) concentrations significantly increased within 30 h of food withdrawal (P < 0.05). The maternal plasma estradiol concentration increased significantly at 1000 h on the second day of food withdrawal (P < 0.05), whereas the plasma progesterone concentration did not change. The maternal blood glucose and plasma cortisol, DHEAS and estradiol concentrations returned to baseline by the second day of food replacement. We conclude that the stress of hypoglycemia and/or the attendant inability to eat, together or separately, stimulate maternal adrenal glucocorti...
The metalogic of economic predictions, calculations and propositions

Abstract Indeterminacy is a matter of concern in the analysis of ideal forms and this paper shows that Godel incompleteness and undecidability directly pertain to the analysis of theoretical economic systems - specifically, that certain solution concepts such as ‘predictions of characteristics of policy outcomes guided by a social welfare function’, ‘the existence of equilibrium’, ‘the existence of welfare optima’ are subject to Godel undecidability. This consideration brings into question the convention of a finite decision unit or economic actor, and the paper considers more-appropriate (metatheoretic) assumption structures and the implications of specifying richer information structures in microeconomics and choice theory.
Model error estimation in surrogate models of failure for composite materials

Abstract Failure theories in amorphous polymer utilize critical values of stress or strain invariants to determine the onset of damage. In polymer matrix fiber composite materials these theories have been extended to identify the location of failure. Some of these models use homogenization methods that render average values of stress and strain fields that do not represent the actual value of the fields neither in the fiber nor the matrix. The micromechanical enhancement method, MME, is able to approximate local values of strain fields to estimate failure location from homogenized strain fields by assuming a regular arrangement of fibers. In this work we study the error in the MME model in the determination of the critical strain invariants when compared to simulations that take explicitly into account non-regular fiber arrangements. Our results indicate the need to shift from deterministic simulations towards methods that quantify local variations of the microstructure such as fiber volume fraction distributions to determine the tails in the distribution of maximum strain invariant. Bayesian analysis shows that large variations in the fiber distribution have a negative impact in the MME model predictions.
The poet as judge: Assessing cultural and individual trauma in Jean Arasanayagam's Apocalypse '83 and Reddened Water Flows Clear

This paper considers the poetry of the largely overlooked Sri Lankan author Jean Arasanayagam, through the framework of trauma and trauma theory. Trauma theory is engaged through Arasanayagam's positioning of the authorial and narrator's voice in her poems. This positioning argues that her poetic voice speaks as a “poetic judge”, and that this authority allows it to comment on the act of ethnically marking and committing acts of violence against individuals. In doing so it both reinforces and questions tenets of trauma theory. The paper begins by outlining the concept of “poet as judge” with the assistance of Martha C. Nussbaum's work. It then moves into a discussion of cultural trauma, and an elaboration on individual trauma. The paper finishes by engaging with Elaine Scarry's call to “dis-imagine ourselves”, concluding that Arasanayagam's poetry can be seen as an example of “dis-imagining” and thus complicates notions of victimization and aggression within a Sri Lankan context. She refuses to mark victi...
Science and the Fate of the Human Soul in Tom Wolfe

Abstract This article investigates Tom Wolfe's assessment of the age-old debate between nature and nurture, the Cartesian mind–body problem, and the tensions between science, politics, and morality that result from the human struggle to explain what the components of a human being are. I begin with Wolfe's own study of what evolution and neuroscience tell us about the “Human Beast.” Wolfe is not certain that evolution tells the whole story of how human beings came to be who and what they are in the twenty-first century. Evolution got us to the point of speech but Wolfe is persuaded that at that point, evolution ended and speech took over. Speech, according to Wolfe, made the development of reason and ingenuity and the creation of culture possible. And it is culture, the shared set of human behavior, knowledge, and beliefs, manners, and mores, and, above all for Wolfe, status, which then informs human motivation and actions. Wolfe is open to the idea that neuroscience might eventually be able to explain ev...