cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Self-report assessment of social fear, discomfort, and assertive behavior.

Self-report invencories can be useful in gathering data on motoric responses, physiological activity, and cognitions. These measures can provide information concerning an individual's subjective experience or evaluation of these responses (1). Self-report measures of assertive behavior have assessed frequency of assertive responses, expressed fear of social interactions, and degree of discomfort experienced when behaving assertively. Only one instrument. the Assertion Inventory. has been designed to measure both the probability of certain social behaviors and the degree of discomfort experienced in these situations (2). The present study was designed to investigate the relationship between various self-report measures of assertive behavior, social fear, and discomfort and to determine whether other scales can be modified to provide comparable data. A sample of 109 adults (mean age of 28.7 yr.) was administered the Adult Selfexpression Scale (3), the Assertion Inventory, and the Fear Survey Schedule I11 (7). The two measures of assertion were presented as one scale with instructions to respond to each item in terms of response probability and degree of discomfort experienced. The Expanded Social Fear Scale (4) was scored from the Fear Survey Schedule 111. As expected, scores on the Adult Self-expression Scale and Assertion Inventory were strongly related (r = -.78); low scores on the former and high ones on the latter indicated lower frequencies of assertive behavior. Ratings of discomfort for the two scales generated the expected positive relationship (r = .73). Correlation of the discomfort measures with Hollandsworth's scale also gave positive coefficients (rs = .49, .53). The response probabilities from the Adult Self-expression Scale and Assertion Inventory correlated significantly w~th the measures of social fear (rs = -.36, .38. respectively) and discomfort (rs ranged from 2.39 to k.47) as previously reported (4, 5). These findings would support the contention of Wolpe (6) and others that fear of and subjective discomfort in social situations are associated with lower frequencies of assertive behavior. These findings also indicate that at least one other measure and perhaps most self-report inventories of assertion could be modified easily to provide such useful information. This increased flexibility would extend the usefulness of self-report inventories in working with individuals for whom assertive behavior poses a problem.
Application of remote sensing technology in research on mosquito-borne diseases: a review

As one group of the important diseases affecting human health, mosquito-borne diseases have long been the difficultproblems in disease control and prevention. With remote sensing(RS) technology, which has been successfully applied manytimes in the research on mosquito-borne diseases, the distribution of mosquito habitats can be monitored, and the developmentand progression of these diseases can be predicted. This paper reviews the progress in the application of optical satellite RS andpassive and active microwave RS in the research on mosquito-borne diseases, and it also discusses the prospect of mosquito-bornedisease research based on RS technology given the existing problems.
Frederick Jackson Turner

1885–1910 Dozent an der University of Wisconsin, 1910–1924 an der Harvard University; danach Mitarbeiter der Huntington Library; Gegner der ›germ theory‹, die alles Amerikanische auf europaische Ursprunge zuruckverfolgt; Entwickler der ›Frontier-These‹: Betonung der zentralen Rolle der westlichen ›Zivilisationsgrenze‹ fur die USGesellschaft.
Zusammenfassung: Hyperlipoproteinämie-Syndrome

Die vorangegangenen Seiten enthalten einen Abris der biochemischen Storungen und vielgestaltigen klinischen Manifestationsformen, die mit den verschiedenen Hyperlipoproteinamie-Syndromen sowohl sekundar wie primar (familiar) einhergehen.
Six Degrees of Integration: How Closely Will the TTIP Integrate the Transatlantic Market?

There are real differences in the varying conceptions of free trade. The TTIP brings these differences to the fore and makes addressing them unavoidable. The TTIP could push the boundaries of economic integration in a number ways, most prominently by trying to ‘smooth out’ regulatory differences between the United States and the European Union, and in the process moving us towards a single market. There are various ways this can be done—mutual recognition and harmonization are two of the main ones—but all involve reducing the variances between the regulation of different national markets. International economic governance involves a careful balancing of economic efficiency and national autonomy, and which conception of free trade to use has a real impact. If the proper balance is not achieved, groups from a wide range of political ideologies could be upset. The challenge for TTIP negotiators is to find that right balance.
Food Security and Nutrition

Can we feed the nine billion people in 2050? This is perhaps the most fundamental question related to future food security. So far our projections show that average food consumption will continue to increase in the future given the trends in key drivers of the global farm and food system discussed in earlier chapters. Although this is the most common approach in the literature, looking at the average rate of consumption alone is highly unsatisfying in world vast disparities where many households are now over-consuming food, even as others remain under-nourished. This chapter begins by looking at how food security is defined and measured, discussing the potential limitations of these metrics. In particular, we focus our discussion on the issue of food accessibility and how this is incorporated into the United Nations’ framework for calculating the incidence of hunger and caloric malnutrition worldwide. This gives rise to an approach based on the distribution of food consumption in each region. We will then revisit the historical trends in hunger and malnutrition as a prelude to our projections of the future distribution of food consumption and nutrition those households facing nutrition shortfalls using a modified version of the SIMPLE model. We conclude by taking a closer look at how these nutritional outcomes are influenced by future trends in agricultural productivity, biofuels and climate change.
Two-Dimensional Intrinsic and Extrinsic Ferromagnetic Behavior of Layered La/sub 1.2/Sr/sub 1.8/Mn/sub 2/O/sub 7/ Single Crystals

The low-field magnetization M and susceptibility {chi} are reported for the two-layered Ruddleson-Popper phase SrO(La{sub 1{minus}x}Sr{sub x}MnO{sub 3}){sub 2} for x = 0.4 (denoted La{sub 1.2}Sr{sup 1.8}Mn{sub 2}O{sub 7}) with an in-plane magnetic easy axis. As T approaches the Curie temperature (T{sub C} = 116 K) on cooling, where the metal-insulator transition occurs in zero-field, {chi} diverges as H{sup {minus}1/{delta}{prime}}, with {delta}{prime} = 21 {+-} 5. Also, near an extrinsic Curie transition attributed to {approximately} 0.1% volume fraction of intergrowths at T* = 2.47T{sub C}, M scales as (1 {minus} T/T*){sup {beta}}, with {beta} = 0.25 {+-} 0.02. These results can be understood within the context of 2D XY models, and provide a new perspective of the layered manganites.
Managerial Insights and Conclusion

The previous two chapters laid out, in some detail, the mechanism of the valuation of options on capacity based on a game-theoretic formulation. Beyond the actual valuation, which yielded the optimal tariff and the optimal reservation quantity for a variety of cases, a gain in economic efficiency resulting from the market set-up consisting of a contract and a spot market has been demonstrated. In this chapter, we strive to show what the practical implications of this innovative market scheme are. To this end, we shall shed some light on the ramifications of the early information obtained in the contract market session and of the risk-sharing property realized through the contingency contract. It will be useful to start by reviewing roles of financial derivative markets to set the stage for the discussion of markets for real assets beyond the commodity exchanges. Complementary to the general findings about industrial opportunities and gains, specific scenarios are analyzed via examples from the air cargo industry, markets for electricity and the tourism industry.
Small Acts of Disappearance: Essays on Hunger

Small Acts of Disappearance: Essays on Hunger By Fiona Wright. Giramondo. 2015. AUS$24.95 (pb). 224 pp. ISBN 9781922146939 Fiona Wright is an acclaimed writer from Sydney who is recovering from anorexia nervosa. In 2016, Wright was awarded the prestigious Kibble Literary Award for her semi-
Short-term complications associated with the use of transvaginal mesh in pelvic floor reconstructive surgery: Results from a multi-institutional prospectively maintained dataset.

AIMS Vaginal reconstructive surgery can be performed with or without mesh. We sought to determine comparative rates of perioperative complications of native tissue versus vaginal mesh repairs for pelvic organ prolapse. METHODS Using the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database, we concatenated surgical data from vaginal procedures for prolapse repair, including anterior and posterior colporrhaphy, paravaginal defect repair, enterocele repair, and vaginal colpopexy using Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) coding. We stratified this data by the modifier associated with mesh usage at the time of the procedure. We then compared 30-day perioperative outcomes, postoperative complications (bleeding, infection, etc), and readmission rates between women with and without mesh-based repairs. RESULTS We identified 10 657 vaginal reconstructive procedures without mesh and 959 mesh-based repairs from 2009 through 2013. Patients undergoing mesh repair were more likely to experience at least one complication than native tissue repair (9.28% vs 6.15%, P < 0.001), with the overall complication rate also being higher in the mesh group (11.37% vs 9.39%, P = 0.03). Procedures with mesh had a higher rate of perioperative bleeding requiring transfusion than native tissue repair (2.3% vs 0.49%, P < 0.001), and organ surgical site infection (SSI) (0.52% vs 0.17%, P = 0.02). There were no significant differences in rates of readmission, superficial, or deep SSIs, pneumonia, urinary tract infection, sepsis, or renal failure. CONCLUSIONS The use of vaginal mesh for pelvic organ prolapse repair appears to result in a higher rate of perioperative complications than native tissue repair. Patients undergoing these procedures should be counselled preoperatively concerning these risks.
Insights from Small-N Studies.

Small-N studies have been relatively uncommon in biology education research and are likely less familiar to instructors and administrators than large-N studies. This group of recent papers illustra...
An Imaged-Based Three-Dimensional Study of First Metatarsal Protrusion Distance in Women with and Without Hallux Valgus.

Background: First metatarsal protrusion distance (MPD) has been commonly studied as a characteristic of hallux valgus deformity. To date, the majority of investigations have used radiographic methods, with most reporting first metatarsal (ray) protrusion to be associated with deformity. As an alternative, this study used a three-dimensional (3-D) image acquisition and data analysis method to quantify MPD. Methods: Magnetic resonance images were acquired in weightbearing on 29 women (19 with hallux valgus; 10 controls). After the 3-D images were reconstructed into virtual bone models, two examiners measured MPD in relation to the navicular. In addition to a reliability analysis, a t test assessed for group differences in demographics, foot posture (hallux valgus, intermetatarsal angles), and MPD. Results: Group demographics were not different, while measures of hallux valgus and intermetatarsal angles were different (P < 0.01) between groups. The measurement of MPD was highly reliable (ICC 0.99; SEM 0.78 m...
Synthesis of Cyclic Megamolecules.

This paper describes the synthesis of giant cyclic molecules having diameters of 10–20 nm. The molecules are prepared through the reactions of a fusion protein building block with small molecule linkers that are terminated in irreversible inhibitors of enzyme domains present in the fusion. This building block has N-terminal cutinase and C-terminal SnapTag domains that react irreversibly with p-nitrophenyl phosphonate (pNPP) and benzylguanine (BG) groups, respectively. We use a bis-BG and a BG-pNPP linker to join these fusion proteins into linear structures that can then react with a bis-pNPP linker that joins the ends into a cyclic product. The last step can occur intramolecularly, to give the macrocycle, or intermolecularly with another equivalent of linker, to give a linear product. Because these are coupled first- and second-order processes, an analysis of product yields from reactions performed at a range of linker concentrations gives rate constants for cyclization. We determined these to be 9.7 × 10...
A case report: anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis

N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antibody encephalitis is a potentially fatal autoimmune syndrome in which there is antibody production against the NMDAR causing profound dysregulation of neurotransmission. The syndrome is frequently associated with ovarian teratomas and women are disproportionately affected. Patients most often present with a constellation of neuropsychiatric signs and symptoms, including memory loss, hallucinations, and decreased level of consciousness. This condition is lethal if left untreated. Immunotherapy and surgical resection of the culprit malignancy often results in the rapid resolution of symptoms.
Interpreting Vague and Ambiguous Referring Expressions by Dynamically Binding to Properties of the Context Set

Referring expressions with vague and ambiguous modifiers, such as "a quick visit" and "the big meeting" , are difficult for computers to interpret because their words' meanings are in part defined by context, which changes throughout the course of an interpretation. In this paper, we present an approach to interpreting context-dependent referring expressions that uses dynamic binding. During the incremental interpretation of a referring expression, a word's meaning can be defined in part by properties from the current candidate referents--its denotation up to the previous word for the tentative interpretation.
Multiple Glass Transitions of Block Polymers. II. Differential Scanning Calorimetry of Styrene-Diene Block Copolymers

Earlier we reported on the synthesis, dilute solution characterization and torsion pendulum analyses of a series of ABA type styrene-diene block polymers which exhibited narrow molecular weight distributions and sharp block segments(1,2). The two phase nature of the styrene-diene block copolymers was evident from two distinct glass transitions (Tg) associated with the individual segment types. We now report the application of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to investigate the multiple Tg behavior of these block copolymers.
The dawn of gravitational-wave astrophysics

The biennial Harvard Sackler conference this year focused on gravitational-wave astrophysics, with a comprehensive programme that reviewed recent discoveries and discussed prospects for a bright future.
Abstract 279: Using the Familial Hypercholesterolemia ICD-10 Code to Track Clinical Management of Patients at a Tertiary Academic Center

Background: Many guidelines suggest a target LDL-C of <100 mg/dL in individuals with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) to avoid the lifelong burden of high LDL-C and onset of cardiovascular diseas...
High-κ Dielectric on ReS2: In-Situ Thermal Versus Plasma-Enhanced Atomic Layer Deposition of Al2O3

We report an excellent growth behavior of a high-κ dielectric on ReS2, a two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD). The atomic layer deposition (ALD) of an Al2O3 thin film on the UV-Ozone pretreated surface of ReS2 yields a pinhole free and conformal growth. In-situ half-cycle X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to monitor the interfacial chemistry and ex-situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to evaluate the surface morphology. A significant enhancement in the uniformity of the Al2O3 thin film was deposited via plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD), while pinhole free Al2O3 was achieved using a UV-Ozone pretreatment. The ReS2 substrate stays intact during all different experiments and processes without any formation of the Re oxide. This work demonstrates that a combination of the ALD process and the formation of weak S–O bonds presents an effective route for a uniform and conformal high-κ dielectric for advanced devices based on 2D materials.
White therapists addressing racism in psychotherapy: an ethical and clinical model for practice

Although racism has always been present in the therapy room, the recent political climate and flood of news stories highlighting racist narratives and behaviors have made race and racism more salie...
Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy Dosing in the Severely Underweight: A Case Report.

Guidelines recommend that patients treated with continuous renal replacement therapy be delivered an effluent dose of 20 to 25mL/kg/h. There is debate, especially at the extremes of body mass index, as to whether actual or ideal body weight (IBW) should be used in these dose calculations. A middle-aged woman with severe anorexia presented with 48 hours of altered mental status. Laboratory tests showed severe metabolic acidosis necessitating intubation, which was ultimately found to be due to nonprescribed use of metformin for weight loss. The patient became anuric and was initiated on continuous venovenous hemodialysis. Due to refractory acidosis, the modality was converted to continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration by adding postfilter hypertonic bicarbonate solution. Based on changes in sodium and bicarbonate levels over 4 hours with hypertonic bicarbonate solution, we were able to calculate an "effective" volume of distribution for this severely underweight patient. Our calculations suggest that IBW gives a better approximation of effective volume of distribution than actual body weight in a severely underweight woman. Inadequate effluent flow rate calculated based on actual rather than IBW may lead to insufficient correction of metabolic derangements in extremely underweight patients.
The COSO Framework in Emerging Technology Environments: An Effective In-Class Exercise on Internal Control

ABSTRACT We present an in-class scenario-based exercise by which accounting information systems students learn about the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) 2013...
Vitamin B12 deficiency presenting as pseudo-thrombotic microangiopathy: a case report and literature review

Pseudo-thrombotic microangiopathy (pseudo-TMA) is a recognized, yet uncommon, clinical presentation of vitamin B12 deficiency. Patients with pseudo-TMA present with microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (MAHA), thrombocytopenia and schistocytes. They are often misdiagnosed as thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura (TTP) and receive unnecessary therapy. Here, we report a case of a 60-year-old male who presented with thrombocytopenia and normocytic normochromic anemia. Anemia work-up was remarkable for severe B12 deficiency (<60 pg/mL) and a positive non-immune hemolysis panel. Peripheral smear was reviewed and showed anisocytes, poikilocytes, schistocytes and hypersegmented neutrophils. Vitamin B12 replacement (1000 mcg IM daily) was started, ADAMTS13 activity was sent and daily plasmapheresis was initiated. Over the next 3 days, the patient's hemoglobin and platelets were stable and the hemolysis panel showed gradual improvement. On day 4, ADAMTS13 activity results came back normal at 61%. Accordingly, plasmapheresis was discontinued, parenteral B12 replacement was continued and that resulted in gradual improvement and eventually cessation of hemolysis and normalization of hemoglobin and platelets. In this patient, parietal cell autoantibodies were positive and so the diagnosis of pernicious anemia was made. Patients with severe vitamin B12 deficiency may present with features mimicking TTP such as MAHA, thrombocytopenia and schistocytosis. An early and accurate diagnosis of pseudo-TMA has a critical clinical impact with respect to administering the correct treatment with vitamin B12 replacement and avoiding, or shortening the duration of, unnecessary therapy with plasmapheresis.
Current Methods and Advances in Simulation of Hemorrhage after Trauma.

As animal models fall out of favor, there is demand for simulators to train medical personnel in the management of trauma and hemorrhage. Realism is essential to the development of simulators for t...
Force Concept Inventory: More than just conceptual understanding

Conceptual knowledge, attitudinal measures, and problem-solving ability are all independently associated with postinstruction Force Concept Inventory performance.
Chapter 36 – Network Forensics

Today’s cyber criminal investigator faces a formidable challenge: tracing network-based cyber criminals. The possibility of becoming a victim of cyber crime is the number-one fear of billions of people. This concern is well founded. The findings in the annual CSI/FBI Computer Crime and Security Surveys confirm that cyber crime is real and continues to be a significant threat. Traceback and attribution are performed during or after cyber violations and attacks, to identify where an attack originated, how it propagated, and what computer(s) and person(s) are responsible and should be held accountable. The goal of network forensics capabilities is to determine the path from a victimized network or system through any intermediate systems and communication pathways, back to the point of attack origination or the person who is accountable. In some cases, the computers launching an attack may themselves be compromised hosts or be controlled remotely. Attribution is the process of determining the identity of the source of a cyber attack. Types of attribution can include both digital identity (computer, user account, IP address, or enabling software) and physical identity (the actual person using the computer from which an attack originated). Cyber crime has become a painful side effect of the innovations of computer and Internet technologies. With the growth of the Internet, cyber attacks and crimes are happening every day and everywhere. It is very important to build the capability to trace and attribute attacks to the real cyber criminals and terrorists, especially in this large-scale human-built networked environment. In this chapter, we discuss the current network forensic techniques in cyber attack traceback. We focus on the current schemes in IP spoofing traceback and stepping-stone attack attribution. Furthermore, we introduce the traceback issues in Voice over IP, Botmaster, and online fraudsters.
Estovers: Customary Communal Rights to Natural Resources in Rural England

In their recent book, The History of the World in Seven Cheap Things: A Guide to Capitalism, Nature, and the Future of the Planet. Raj Patel and Jason W. Moore write: When England’s King John was f...
Superconducting neural networks with disordered Josephson junction array synaptic networks and leaky integrate-and-fire loop neurons

Fully coupled randomly disordered recurrent superconducting networks with additional open-ended channels for inputs and outputs are considered the basis to introduce a new architecture to neuromorphic computing in this work. Various building blocks of such a network are designed around disordered array synaptic networks using superconducting devices and circuits as an example, while emphasizing that a similar architectural approach may be compatible with several other materials and devices. A multiply coupled (interconnected) disordered array of superconducting loops containing Josephson junctions [equivalent to superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs)] forms the aforementioned collective synaptic network that forms a fully recurrent network together with compatible neuron-like elements and feedback loops, enabling unsupervised learning. This approach aims to take advantage of superior power efficiency, propagation speed, and synchronizability of a small world or a random network over an ordered/regular network. Additionally, it offers a significant factor of increase in scalability. A compatible leaky integrate-and-fire neuron made of superconducting loops with Josephson junctions is presented, along with circuit components for feedback loops as needed to complete the recurrent network. Several of these individual disordered array neural networks can further be coupled together in a similarly disordered way to form a hierarchical architecture of recurrent neural networks that is often suggested as similar to a biological brain.
Public Theology and Public Missiology

Faithful public witness is an expression of the faith of particular communities of formation. Thus, demythologized public discourse should be rejected in favor of the outwardness (or mission) emerg...
Social Music Curation That Works: Insights from Successful Collaborative Playlists

Social interactions, such as sharing songs and listening together, are fundamental to the experience of music. Yet our understanding of these interactions and how they influence social dynamics with today's streaming platforms is lacking. To better understand successful instances of social music practice, we conducted a two-part study to investigate real-world usage of collaborative playlists (CPs). Using an exploratory survey, we queried CP users on characteristics---Who, What, When, Where, Why, and How---and practices around favorite CPs, which serve as concrete examples of successful social music curation on streaming platforms. We found these playlists to vary in group sizes, purposes, listening contexts, engagement behaviors, and content attributes. We also observed significant cross-category interactions; for one, group size led to differences in perceived roles and frequency of actions within users' favorite CPs. Subsequent interviews confirmed favorite CPs as being exemplary of success, and users further elucidated factors that engender and hinder CP success. Together, our results underscore the importance of social motivations for engaging in CPs and of building greater understanding around these experiences. To these point we derived six design implications to inform development of CP platforms and online music platforms at large.
GNSS spoofing detection through spatial processing

In this paper, we present an algorithmic framework for signal-geometry-based approaches of GNSS spoofing detection. We formulate a simple vs. simple hypothesis test independent of nuisance parameters that results in significantly reduced missed detection probability compared to prior approaches. It is highly tractable such that it can be computed online by the receiver. We employ a hypothesis iteration framework that finds spoofed subsets of satellites efficiently and accounts for the presence of weak multipath, for a provable decision behavior in safety-of-life applications. We support the theoretical derivations by showing results on previously published simulated and on-air data sets. We validate the measurement model and show robustness to multipath with flight data from a Dual Polarization Antenna (DPA) mounted on a C12 aircraft. Finally, we show the algorithm’s benefit on data recorded during a government-sponsored live spoofing event.
Change in Hay-to-Milk Price Responsiveness with Dairy Industry Expansion

The dairy industries in California, Idaho, and New Mexico expanded rapidly during the early 2000s. This study focuses on the expansion effects on milk-to-hay price responsiveness. Dairy industry expansion makes hay markets tighter, with less available marketable supply in most periods. The empirical models account for the expansion effect as well as those from hay exports and low stocks-to-use ratios that also cause changes in hay market demand characteristics. The results show that hay-to-milk price responsiveness increased after dairy expansion in all analyzed states. Low stocks-to-use and high exports dampened the responsiveness, but were not statistically significant for all analyzed states.
An objective measure of energy intake using the principle of energy balance.

Background The measurement of energy intake is central to the understanding of energy balance and predicting changes in body weight. Until recently, the most commonly used methods of assessing intake were self-reported diet recalls, diet diaries, or food-frequency questionnaires. These methods, however, are subject to systematic biases and are often inaccurate. Aim Review the validations and applications of an expenditure/balance method for measuring energy intake. Methods Review the literature regarding the theory and practice of objectively measuring energy intake based on the principle of energy balance i.e., energy intake is calculated from the measured total energy expenditure plus the change in body energy stores (ES). The attainable precision is modeled and compared with the accuracy and precision of validations against known energy intake. Results Measurement of energy intake, calculated in this way, is accurate to within 2% and has a precision of 4-37% depending on the expenditure and body composition methods used and the time interval between measures. Applications of this expenditure/balance (EB) method have provided novel data on the compliance to dietary restriction and its association with physical activity interventions, and the effects of bariatric surgery on energy intake and weight gain. Practical limitations to this method, however, include cost and limited access to the analyses required by the DLW method. Conclusion The EB method of objectively measuring energy intake is objective, accurate, and reasonably precise. It is practical for moderate-sized studies.
The flora on the High Line, New York City, New York: A 17-year comparison1

This study compares the lichen, moss, and vascular plant species found on the abandoned High Line rail line in 2002 with those found on a three-block remnant of the High Line between 30th and 33rd Streets and 12th Avenue in 2019. One hundred fifty-five species were identified in 125 genera belonging to 47 families in the 2002 study. The 2019 study identified 79 species within 68 genera belonging to 32 families. Ten lichens were identified in 2019; four were identified in 2002. The number of mosses found in 2019 remained the same (six species); four species were new to the study area, and four species found in 2002 were not relocated. The loss of vascular plant species on the old High Line in 2019 is a function of its reduced size, a three-block remnant of the original site. The increase in lichen diversity might reflect improved air quality and continued lack of disturbance to suitable substrates at the remnant site.
Cigarette smoking cessation attempts among current US smokers who also use smokeless tobacco

IntroductionConcurrent use of cigarettes and smokeless tobacco is common, but little is known regarding the association of smokeless tobacco use with cigarette smoking cessation. Dual users may have lower cigarette consumption levels, which may also play a role in smoking cessation.MethodsThe 2010–2011 Tobacco Use Supplement to the Current Population Survey included 26,760 current cigarette smokers, of which 675 concurrently used smokeless tobacco. We compared characteristics of the most recent cigarette smoking quit attempt of the past year between dual users and exclusive smokers, using multivariate regression.ResultsDual users (45%) were more likely than exclusive smokers (37%) to have made a cigarette smoking quit attempt during the previous year (p<0.01), even after adjusting for demographic differences and cigarette dependence levels (ORadj 1.33, 95% CI 1.15–1.53). Half (48%) of dual users who made a quit attempt tried to quit “by switching to smokeless tobacco”. However, once in a quit attempt, dual users relapsed more quickly than exclusive smokers (Cox regression HRadj 1.13, 95% CI 1.02–1.26). There was no difference in 30-day abstinence rates on the most recent quit attempt (ORadj 1.09, 95% CI 0.88–1.37). For both groups, the best predictor of past 30-day abstinence was cigarette consumption level.ConclusionsCurrent cigarette smokers who also use smokeless tobacco are more likely to have tried to quit, but relapse more quickly than exclusive smokers, and are not more likely to have attained 30 day smoking cessation. Prospective studies at the population level are needed.
Effects of pH and Agitation on the Growth of Listeria monocytogenes Scott A in Brain Heart Infusion Broth Containing Combined Potassium Lactate and Sodium Diacetate during Storage at 4 or 10°C

The objective of this study was to compare the effects of pH on the growth kinetics of Listeria monocytogenes Scott A in static and agitated broths stored at 4 and 10 degrees C with and without a combination of 1.85% potassium lactate (PL) and 0.13% sodium diacetate (SDA) (3.3% of a 60% commercial solution, PURASAL P Opti. Form 4). The pH of brain heart infusion broth without (control) or with 1.85% PL + 0.13% SDA was adjusted to 5.5, 6.0, 6.5, and 7.5. L. monocytogenes Scott A was inoculated (at 10(2) CFU/ml) into pH-adjusted broth, which was stored at 4 or 10 degrees C with or without agitation. At pH 5.5, a listeriostatic effect was observed for the broth containing 1.85% PL + 0.13% SDA at 4 and 10 degrees C both with and without agitation. At pH 6.0, 1.85% PL + 0.13% SDA fully controlled the growth of L. monocytogenes Scott A in static broth at 4 degrees C for up to 20 days and significantly slowed the growth of the pathogen in agitated broth. At 10 degrees C, the growth of L. monocytogenes Scott A was significantly reduced by 1.85% PL + 0.13% SDA in agitated and unagitated broths. At pH 6.5, 1.85% PL + 0.13% SDA significantly suppressed the growth of L. monocytogenes Scott A at both 4 degrees C (P < 0.001) and 10 degrees C (P < 0.01). At pH 7.5, 1.85% PL + 0.13% SDA had a limited effect on the growth of L. monocytogenes Scott A in broth stored at 4 and 10 degrees C. At 4 degrees C, agitation decreased the lag time and increased the growth rate of L. monocytogenes Scott A at all tested pHs. A similar but less obvious trend was observed for broths stored at 10 degrees C. These results indicate that lactate-diacetate combinations effectively acted with low pH and temperature to inhibit the growth of L. monocytogenes Scott A.
NOMA: ITS ASSOCIATION WITH NUTRITIONAL DEPRIVATION AND PHYSICAL DEBILITATION. REPORT OF A CASE.

Abstract The ecologic, clinical, microbiologic, histologic, and therapeutic aspects of noma (gangrenous stomatitis) have been reviewed. A case report has been presented, with a discussion of clinical, roentgenographic, microbiologic, and therapeutic aspects, which emphasizes the significant contributions of the pooled knowledge of a hospital team in bringing about the successful resolution of a case of noma superimposed upon existing physical debilitation and malnutrition.
Childhood lead poisoning and the new Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines for lead exposure.

Purpose This article will give a brief history, review the latest guidelines, discuss risk factors and sources, and discuss screening, diagnosis, and management of lead poisoning in children. Additionally, the role of the nurse practitioner (NP) caring for children will be reviewed. Data sources Review of published literature on lead poisoning and the 2012 lead prevention guidelines of the Advisory Committee on Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention (ACCLPP) of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Conclusions While lead poisoning levels have decreased over the past several decades, newer research has shown that even low levels of lead in the blood can have negative effects on children's intelligence and neurodevelopment. As a result, ACCLPP of the CDC issued new, stricter lead prevention guidelines in 2012. Implications for practice Lead exposure and lead poisoning are pediatric public health risks. Studies have shown that no level of lead is considered safe, and the emphasis has shifted to primary prevention of lead exposure. Despite the focus on primary prevention, the NP must remain vigilant in history taking, exploring risk factors, and screening children in order to assure the best possible outcome.
John Dewey and the Role of Scientific Method in Aesthetic Experience

In this paper I examine a controversy ongoingwithin current Deweyan philosophy of educationscholarship regarding the proper role and scopeof science in Dewey's concept of inquiry. Theside I take is nuanced. It is one that issensitive to the importance that Dewey attachesto science as the best method of solvingproblems, while also sensitive to thosestatements in Dewey that counter a wholesalereductivism of inquiry to scientific method. Iutilize Dewey's statements regarding the placeaccorded to inquiry in aesthetic experiences ascharacteristic of his method, as bestconceived.
The influence of cigarette smoking on prognosis after a first myocardial infarction : A report from the Framingham study

Abstract Some studies suggest a benefit from quitting cigarette smoking following initial myocardial infarction (MI). Follow-up of 458 subjects developing MI in the Framingham Study in terms of recurrent MI, mortality and cigarette smoking habits revealed the following. Of the 458 MI subjects 379 survived initial attack. Two hundred two of these had been cigarette smokers, 174 non-smokers, and three unknown. Comparison of outcome of those who stopped smoking and those who continued over a 6-yr period revealed a 62% reduction in mortality among the ex-smokers. No significant difference in recurrent MI rates was observed. Comparison of both groups rerisk factors shows no essential difference. These data suggest an overall benefit of quitting smoking following MI although this was not attributable to a reduction in recurrent MI.
GRID in E-business

Ian Foster and Carl Kesselman outlined Grid concepts in 1999 in their book “The Grid Blueprint for a new Computing infrastructure”. In a subsequent paper, “the Anatomy of the Grid”, the following definition was proposed for Grid as “a Technology that provides coordinated resource sharing and problem solving in dynamic, multi-institutional virtual organizations”. Looking further down in actual Grid flavours we have the following functional taxonomy: Compute Grid, Data Grid, Scavenging Grid, Aggregating Grid and Hybrid Grids.
Social responsibility in engineering based commercial organizations

Ethics of the engineering profession have evolved with the development of the technical side of this field. Engineering-based commercial organizations (EBCO)s are now showing that they are socially responsible by adding an environmental component or some other non-profit similar dimension to their activities. However, questions of how successful or effective these efforts are and what impact they have on society, are still to be answered. This paper looks more closely into the motivations and intended effect of this trend to allow for a better understanding of its effectiveness and to help identify potential future direction. To announce effort showing Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), EBCOs use a variety of tools, among which is the corporate website which is the most prolific. Used as a powerful marketing and advertising tool, the website always shows the newest, and most carefully positioned, image intended for the society to perceive. Therefore, a study of websites as powerful indicators of socially responsible engineering organizations was implemented. The fact that engineering firms include social responsibility projects could lead to a possible change of the organizations' public perception. However, a closer look to the cumulative efforts from the different engineering organizations was needed to find out how the links between these efforts and society in general, and links to engineers in specific. Data of the study were collected and analyzed following pre-set criteria, from different angles, like the geographical location of the organization, and its size, in relation to its local cultural norms and engineering ethical standards. Results indicate that whereas in developed countries importance was given to sustainability and goodwill, developing countries paid more attention to the community access to natural resources like water, and primary sector activities such as agriculture. Results also show that the economic and business aspect of the locality, where these EBCOs operate, continues to be a significant factor in what they do towards CSR.
A Diabetic Emergency One Million Feet Long: Disparities and Burdens of Illness among Diabetic Foot Ulcer Cases within Emergency Departments in the United States, 2006-2010.

Objectives To evaluate the magnitude and impact of diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) in emergency department (ED) settings from 2006–2010 in the United States (US).
Parameter estimation for generalized negative binomial distribution

The generalized negative binomial distribution (GNBD) has been found useful in the problems of random walk, queuing theory and branching processes. In this paper, GNBD parameters are estimated by the methods of (a) maximum likelihood, (b) fist two moments and proportion of zeros, (c) fit two moments and ratio of the first two frequencies, and (d) minimum chi-square estimation. The asymptotic relative efficiencies for the estimation methods are derived and compared. It is found that the method of minimum chi-square estimation is more efficient than the estimation methods in (b), and (c). From simulation results, the method in (b) seems to be the best when both bias and variance of the estimators are considered.
‘Cloverleaf’ crown ether resorcin[4]arenes

Abstract Crown ether resorcin[4]arenes 1a , 1b , and 2b with a novel connectivity have been prepared from diquinoxaline cavitands in yields of 68%, 73%, and 25%, respectively. The reaction involves bridging the contiguous oxygen atom pairs with tri-, tetra- or pentaethylene glycol ditosylates.
Cholinergic Interneurons Control Local Circuit Activity and Cocaine Conditioning

Cholinergic neurons are widespread, and pharmacological modulation of acetylcholine receptors affects numerous brain processes, but such modulation entails side effects due to limitations in specificity for receptor type and target cell. As a result, causal roles of cholinergic neurons in circuits have been unclear. We integrated optogenetics, freely moving mammalian behavior, in vivo electrophysiology, and slice physiology to probe the cholinergic interneurons of the nucleus accumbens by direct excitation or inhibition. Despite representing less than 1% of local neurons, these cholinergic cells have dominant control roles, exerting powerful modulation of circuit activity. Furthermore, these neurons could be activated by cocaine, and silencing this drug-induced activity during cocaine exposure (despite the fact that the manipulation of the cholinergic interneurons was not aversive by itself) blocked cocaine conditioning in freely moving mammals.
Return of pituitary-adrenal function after adrenal enucleation or transplantation : diurnal rhythms and responses to ether

Adrenocortical diurnal rhythms and responses to ether vapor were studied in rats 1, 3, and 5 weeks after bilateral adrenal enucleation, autotransplantation, or sham transplantation in order to 1) determine whether diurnal rhythms in the plasma corticosterone concentration and adrenal responsiveness to ACTH are dependent on innervation of the adrenals, 2) compare regeneration of function of transplanted and enucleated adrenals, and 3) investigate adrenal mass-related nonsteroidal inhibition of ether-stimulated ACTH secretion. Rats in both enucleate and transplant groups exhibited significant morning-evening differences in adrenal and plasma corticosterone concentrations and significant adrenocortical responses to ether 3 and 5 weeks, but not 1 week, after surgery. The morning-evening differences in corticosterone concentration occurred in the absence of significant morning-evening variation in the plasma ACTH concentration, supporting our previous finding of a diurnal rhythm in adrenal responsiveness to ACTH. The responsiveness rhythm cannot be dependent on adrenal nerves unless transplanted adrenals receive functionally specific reinnervation within 3 weeks. The processes of regeneration of function after enucleation and after transplantation are similar; there were no differences in plasma or adrenal corticosterone values between rats in enucleate and transplant groups at any time or under any condition tested. As regeneration progressed, plasma ACTH responses to ether declined in both enucleate and transplant groups in the absence of changes in plasma corticosterone feedback. These results support our previous finding of adrenal mass-related nonsteroidal suppression of ACTH responses to ether.
Mechanisms governing maintenance of Cdk1/cyclin B1 kinase activity in cells infected with human cytomegalovirus.

Previous work has demonstrated dysregulation of key cell cycle components in human cytomegalovirus (HCMV)-infected human fibroblasts, resulting in cell cycle arrest (F. M. Jault, J.-M. Jault, F. Ruchti, E. A. Fortunato, C. L. Clark, J. Corbeil, D. D. Richman, and D. H. Spector, J. Virol. 69:6697-6704, 1995). The activation of the mitotic kinase Cdk1/cyclin B, which was detected as early as 8 h postinfection (p.i.) and maintained throughout the time course, was particularly interesting. To understand the mechanisms underlying the induction of this kinase activity, we have examined the pathways that regulate the activation of Cdk1/cyclin B1 complexes. The accumulation of the cyclin B1 subunit in HCMV-infected cells is the result of increased synthesis and reduced degradation of the protein. In addition, the catalytic subunit, Cdk1, accumulates in its active form in virus-infected cells. The decreased level of the Tyr15-phosphorylated form of Cdk1 in virus-infected fibroblasts is due in part to the down-regulation of the expression and activity of the Cdk1 inhibitory kinases Myt1 and Wee1. Increased degradation of Wee1 via the proteasome also accounts for its absence at 24 h p.i. At late times, we observed accumulation of the Cdc25 phosphatases that remove the inhibitory phosphates from Cdk1. Interestingly, biochemical fractionation studies revealed that the active form of Cdk1, a fraction of total cyclin B1, and the Cdc25 phosphatases reside predominantly in the cytoplasm of infected cells. Collectively, these data suggest that the maintenance of Cdk1/cyclin B1 activity observed in HCMV-infected cells can be explained by three mechanisms: the accumulation of cyclin B1, the inactivation of negative regulatory pathways for Cdk1, and the accumulation of positive factors that promote Cdk1 activity.
Solution of a problem on the identification of parameters by the distribution of the maximum random variable: a multivariate normal case

In this paper we solve the problem of unique factorization of products ofn-variate nonsingular normal distributions with covariance matrices of the form ∑, ∑ ij =pσ i σ j fori‡j, =σ 2 ,j=j,p‡0.
Developing an Instrument for Information Quality for Clinical Decision Making

This study develops a questionnaire to measure nurses' perceptions of information quality for clinical decision making in hospital settings. The instrument is developed through a pretest, pilot test, and full survey process. A total of 214 questionnaires were received from chief nursing officers in the full survey process. Principal component analysis and Cronbach's alpha are used to confirm the validity and reliability of the instrument, respectively. The reliability for each factor was above. 80, exceeding the common threshold of. 70 Research possibilities for the use of the instrument are briefly discussed.