cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Influence of the Annual Cycle in Meridional Transport on the Quasi-biennial Oscillation in Total Ozone

The equatorial stratospheric quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) in zonal wind and temperature is observed to be symmetric about the equator. The QBO in column ozone, although it is believed to be caused primarily by vertical displacements due to the meridional circulation associated with the equatorial temperature QBO, is asymmetric with respect to the equator, and is strongly linked to the phase of the annual cycle. In this note a simple one-layer model is used to demonstrate that the gross features of the observed QBO in total ozone can be attributed to meridional advection of the ozone perturbation by the annually reversing mean meridional Hadley circulation. This advection causes a displacement of the equatorial ozone anomaly toward the winter hemisphere, and thus produces an asymmetry with respect to the equator. It also modulates the amplitude of the ozone QBO, since the phase of the equatorial wind QBO with respect to the annual cycle may produce either constructive or destructive interference beween the effects of the annually reversing meridional transport and the vertical advection by the equatorial wind QBO.
Reaction kinetics and critical phenomena: rates of some first order gas evolution reactions in binary solvents with a consolute point.

We have measured the rate of carbon dioxide evolution in the aniline catalyzed decomposition of acetone dicarboxylic acid in a mixture of isobutyric acid + water near its consolute point. Within a temperature interval of 1 °C, which included the critical solution temperature, the first-order rate constant oscillated in magnitude by about 10% as it passed through three complete cycles of slowing down followed by speeding up. Whereas we can find no ready explanation for the speeding up, we suggest that, because the mixture contained no inert components, the slowing down should belong to the Griffiths−Wheeler class of strong critical effects [Phys. Rev. A 1970, 2, 1047]. As a check on this conclusion, we have measured the rate of the SN1 decomposition of benzene diazonium tetrafluoroborate in 2-butoxyethanol + water near the lower critical solution temperature and also the rate of the acid-catalyzed decomposition of ethyl diazoacetate in isobutyric acid + water near the upper critical solution temperature. B...
The Noise of Freedom: J. M. Coetzee's Foe

(1989). The Noise of Freedom: J. M. Coetzee's Foe. Critique: Studies in Contemporary Fiction: Vol. 30, No. 3, pp. 143-154.
EFFECT OF TESTOSTERONE PROPIONATE ON VARIOUS RESPONSIVE ORGANS OF IMMATURE RATS1

ONE OF THE OBVIOUS approaches to the problem of differentiating and of assay-ing sex hormones is to determine the characteristic curves produced by each in a variety of sensitive tissues which may be designated as target organs in test animals. The absolute effects and, presumably, the relationships between the curves may be expected to vary somewhat from colony to colony even when all due care is paid to accuracy of autopsy procedures. Hence individual curves must be worked out for the animal colony in each institution using the method. The results shown in the accompanying graph have been obtained in our rat colony in four-day assays of testosterone propionate.2 A Wistar strain of albino rats bred in our own colony was used exclusively. The initial age and weight ranges of the subjects were limited from 20 to 25 days and from 30 to 35 gm. respectively
Relaxation Processes in a System of Two Spins

Abragam and Pound's method for the calculation of the longitudinal relaxation time ${T}_{1}$ has been extended to the transverse relaxation time ${T}_{2}$. Explicit calculations have been carried out for a pure dipole-dipole interaction, showing that for an interacting pair of like spins, or for nuclei in paramagnetic solution, ${T}_{1}$ is exactly equal to ${T}_{2}$ in the extreme narrow case. For a pair of interacting unlike spins, it is shown that the longitudinal components of the magnetic moments do not have simple exponential decays. This gives rise to a steady and transient Overhauser effect. The transverse components, however, have in all cases, simple exponential decay defined by a single relaxation time ${T}_{2}$. A set of modified Bloch's equations is found, giving the correct equation of motion of the macroscopic magnetic moments of such a system of pairs of unlike spins.The equality of ${T}_{1}$ and ${T}_{2}$ has been verified in paramagnetic solutions, and a nuclear Overhauser effect has been observed in anhydrous hydrofluoric acid. If one assumes that the extreme narrow case corresponds to the actual motion, the experimental results are not consistent with the picture of a pure dipole-dipole interaction between the hydrogen and fluorine nuclei of a molecule without taking into account the effect of the other molecules.
Thermal issues in disk drive design: Challenges and possible solutions

The importance of pushing the performance envelope of disk drives continues to grow in the enterprise storage market. One of the most fundamental factors impacting disk drive design is heat dissipation, since it directly affects drive reliability. Until now, drive manufacturers have continued to meet the 40p annual growth target of the internal data-rates (IDR) by increasing RPMs and shrinking platter sizes, both of which have counteracting effects on the heat dissipation within a drive. In this article, we shall show that we are getting to a point where it is going to be very difficult to stay on this roadmap. We first present detailed models that capture the close relationships between capacity, performance, and thermal characteristics over time. Using these models, we quantify the drop-off in IDR growth rates over the next decade if we are to adhere to the thermal design envelope. We motivate the need for continued improvements in IDR by showing that the response times of real workloads can be improved by 30--60p with a 10K increase in the RPM for disks used in their respective storage systems. We then present two dynamic thermal management (DTM) techniques that can be used to buy back some of this IDR loss. The first DTM technique exploits the thermal slack between what the drive was intended to support and the currently lower operating temperature to ramp up the RPM. The second DTM technique assumes that the drive is only designed for average case operation and dynamically throttles its activities to remain within the thermal envelope.
Heavy metals in recovered fines from construction and demolition debris recycling facilities in Florida.

A major product recovered from the processing and recycling of construction and demolition (CD arsenic presented the greatest limitation to reuse when compared to the SCTLs. Lead was not found to pose a major problem, likely because of the relatively new building infrastructure in Florida, which results in less demolition debris and less material impacted by lead-based paint. The results of batch leaching tests conducted using simulated rainwater (mg/l) were compared directly to risk-based groundwater levels for Florida and were found not to pose a risk using existing risk assessment policies.
Resonant Cavity Electro-Optic Frequency Modulator For Heterodyne Evaluation Of HgCdTe Detectors At 2.0 Ghz

A resonant cavity electro-optic frequency modulator at 2.0 GHz was developed for high frequency heterodyne characterization of HgCdTe de-tectors. The standard technique for heterodyne evaluation of HgCdTe detectors beats a CO 2 laser with the filtered incoherent output of a black-body radiator. For detectors which will be incorporated into laser radar systems, it is desirable to perform characterization tests with a coherent, narrow band signal. The electro-optic modulation technique represents a quick, precise measurement that uses a signal which closely simulates the laser radar Doppler shifted return signal. In the electro-optic modulator, a 2.0 GHz microwave signal is coupled into a CdTe crystal to fre-quency modulate a CO 2 laser beam. A dielectrically-loaded cavity insures the phase velocity match of the microwave and the IR signal. The design also allows for modulation at higher order resonances, thus the HgCdTe detectors can also be characterized at 4.0 GHz. No such electro-optic modulator, operating in the GHz frequency range for the evaluation of high speed photodetector performance. is known to have been reported to date.
Superconductivity in a new ternary structure class of boride compounds

Abstract The occurrence of superconductivity at temperatures up to 9.6 K is reported for the system M(Rh0.85Ru0.15)4B4, where M can be Y or a rare earth element. In contrast, most members of the isostructural series MRu4B4 are either not superconducting or order magnetically instead. These materials were found to crystallize in a body-centered-tetragonal structure, with space group I41/acd and 8 formula units per unit cell. The atomic positions were determined through a structural study of the LuRu4B4 compound. These results are discussed with reference to the previously reported primitive tetragonal MRh4B4 system of superconducting or ferromagnetic compounds.
Religious attendance as reproductive support

We argue that a central function of religious attendance in the contemporary United States is to support a high-fertility, monogamous mating strategy. Although religious attendance is correlated with many demographic, personality, moral, and behavioral variables, we propose that sexual and family variables are at the core of many of these relationships. Numerous researchers have assumed that religious socialization causes people to feel moral reactions and engage in behaviors promoted by religious groups. On our view, mating preferences are centrally involved in individual differences in attraction to religious groups. In a sample of 21,131 individuals who participated in the US General Social Survey, sexual behaviors were the relatively strongest predictors of religious attendance, even after controlling for age and gender. Effects of age and gender on religious attendance were weaker and substantially reduced when controlling for sexual and family patterns. A sample of 902 college students provided more detailed information on religious, moral, and sexual variables. Results suggest that (1) moral views about sexual behavior are more strongly linked to religious attendance than other moral issues, and (2) mating strategy is more powerful than standard personality variables in predicting religious attendance. These findings suggest that reproductive strategies are at the heart of variations in religious attendance.
Random matrix based approach to quantify the effect of measurement noise on Hankel matrix

This paper focuses on the development of analytical methods for uncertainty quantification of the models obtained by the Eigensystem Realization Algorithm (ERA) to quantify the effect of noise in the input-output experimental data. Starting from first principles, analytical expressions are presented for the probability distribution of eigenvalues of the Hankel matrix by application of standard results in random matrix theory. This result naturally leads to a probabilistic method for model order determination (reduction). By application of further results from the theory of random matrices, we develop analytical expressions for the marginal probability density of eigenvalues. Numerical examples illustrate the applications of ideas presented in the paper.
Simplified analysis of gas/polymer selective solubility behavior

Etude de l'utilite des donnees de selectivite solubilite des gaz obtenus a partir des solvants de petites masses moleculaires pour la comprehension et la prediction de la selectivite solubilite de polymeres de masses elevees chimiquement semblables
Ford revisited: A critical review of the chronology and relationships of the earliest ceramic complexes in the New World, 6000-1500 B.C.

In 1969, Ford offered a comprehensive model for the diffusion of ceramic production and Formative lifeways in the New World. Although criticized as simplistic, it was echoed by other “unitary” models, such as Lathrap's spread of Tropical Forest culture outward from a lowland South American hearth. Radiocarbon dates suggest that the earliest American pottery appears in the Amazon basin as early as 6000 B.C. However, there is little support for an “ex Amazonas lux” spread of pottery technology. Diffusionary models predict early complexes will resemble one another at first and then diverge over time, but comparative analysis reveals substantial variability even at the earliest time level. Heterogeneity among the earliest complexes indicates several likely hearths for the independent evolution of ceramic production, including (1) lowland Brazil, (2) northern Colombia, (3) coastal Ecuador, (4) coastal Peru, (5) central Panama, (6) southern Mesoamerica, (7) the southeastern United States, and (8) the central United States.
The p-nitrophenyl phosphatase activity of muscle carbonic anhydrase.

Carbonic anhydrase III from rabbit muscle, a newly discovered major isoenzyme of carbonic anhydrase, has been found to be also a p-nitrophenyl phosphatase, an activity which is not associated with carbonic anhydrases I and II. The p-nitrophenyl phosphatase activity has been shown to chromatograph with the CO2 hydratase activity; both activities are associated with each of its sulfhydryl oxidation subforms; and both activities follow the same pattern of pH stability. This phosphomonoesterase activity of carbonic anhydrase III has an acidic pH optimum (<5.3); its true substrate appears to be the phosphomonoanion with a Km of 2.8 mm. It is competitively inhibited by the typical acid phosphatase inhibitors phosphate (Ki = 1.22 × 10−3M), arsenate (Ki = 1.17 × 10−3M), and molybdate (Ki = 1.34 × 10−7M), with these inhibitors having no effect on the CO2 hydratase or the p-nitrophenyl acetate esterase activities of carbonic anhydrase III. The p-nitrophenyl acetate esterase activity of carbonic anhydrase III, on the other hand, has the sigmoidal pH profile with an inflection at neutral pH, typical of carbonic anhydrases for all of their substrates, and is inhibitable by acetazolamide (a highly specific carbonic anhydrase inhibitor) to the same degree as the CO2 hydratase activity. The acid phosphatase-like activity of carbonic anhydrase III is slightly inhibited by acetazolamide at acidic pH, and inhibited to nearly the same degree at neutral pH. These data are taken to suggest that the phosphatase activity follows a mechanism different from that of the CO2 hydratase and p-nitrophenyl acetate esterase activities and that there is some overlap of the binding sites.
The bireflections of a permutation

A bireflection of a permutation @q is an ordered pair (@f, @j) of permutations satisfying @f^2 = @j^2 = 1, @q = @[email protected] The family of bireflections of a permutation is studied. As a corollary an expression for the number of dihedral groups over @q in S"A is obtained.
Equivalence of macroscopic and microscopic Griffith conditions for subcritical crack growth

Exact relations are derived for a simple bond-snapping model of fracture and numerical results from a previous work are presented. A lattice model with a nonlinear cohesive force law is then considered. In both cases, the results confirm the equivalence of the microscopic and macroscopic Griffith conditions. The Griffith stress intensity is to be identified with the quiescent stress intensity.
Using the 1940 and 1950 Public Use Microdata Samples.

For those interested in historical evidence the Public Use Microdata Samples (PUMS) drawn from the U.S. decennial censuses present attractive resources and among their most appealing aspects is the opportunity they offer for comparative analyses across time. In this article we focus on just this appeal: comparative use of the 1940 and 1950 PUMS....We review critically the original censuses and the samples taken from them in an effort to provide a `users guide for researchers. We identify some of the more salient features of the original 1940 and 1950 censuses describe how sampling teams drew the PUMS data sets from them and then discuss the consequences of both the original and subsequent sampling designs. (EXCERPT)
Spontaneous eye-blinking and stereotyped behavior in older persons with mental retardation

Previous research indicates that abnormal stereotyped movements are associated with central dopamine dysfunction and that eye-blink rate is a noninvasive, in vivo measure of dopamine function. We measured the spontaneous eye-blinking and stereotyped behavior of older adults with severe/profound mental retardation living in a state mental retardation facility. Analyses revealed that the mean eye-blink rate of the residents that engaged in stereotypy was significantly lower than the rate for residents who did not exhibit stereotypy. Moreover, the stereotypy group also demonstrated greater variability in interblink intervals. These results provide further empirical support for the involvement of dopamine in stereotyped behavior and are consistent with an emerging motor control model of stereotypy.
Spectra and structure of phosphorus-boron compounds—XIV. Vibrational study of P-hexamethylcyclotriborophosphane, [(CH3)2PBH2]3.

Abstract The i.r. spectra of solid (3500-30 cm −1 ) and gaseous (3500-200 cm −1 ) P -hexamethylcyclotriborophosphane have been recorded along with the Raman spectra (3500-10 cm −1 ) of the solid, liquid, and gas. The vibrational data have been interpreted in detail on the basis of C 3υ molecular symmetry. The observed intermolecular vibrations in the solid state indicate only slight factor group effects. The molecular structure of P -hexamethylcyclotriborophosphane is discussed in relation to X-ray diffraction and recent NMR data.
Promoting Self-Determination Skills Among Youth with Special Health Needs Using Participatory Action Research

A team of 20 high school and college students with physical and/or health and orthopedic impairments was engaged in participatory action research (PAR) to systematically test strategies to solve problems they confronted in their daily lives. PAR goals were set by the participating youth with special health needs (YSHN) who were involved in every step of the research process from problem identification to dissemination of results. In the study reported here, all participants made progress in analyzing their personal needs, selecting a goal, and implementing a strategy to achieve the goal. In addition, the YSHN identified a common goal of visiting public venues, such as shopping malls, and conducted PAR projects to assess the accessibility of such venues. The results indicate that PAR is a viable method for involving YSHN with varied skills, limitations, and experiences to address personal issues as well as barriers they all confront. PAR appears to be a promising methodology for assisting YSHN in their quest for self-determination and the IDEA (1997) mandate to include adolescents in decision making.
First report of powdery mildew of Scabiosa columbaria (dove pincushions) caused by Erysiphe knautiae in North America.

Scabiosa columbaria L. (dove pincushions) is a perennial species introduced into North America, where it is grown as an ornamental landscape plant. Little information is available on pathogens attacking it in North America. Recently, the authors encountered a powdery mildew fungus on this host species in Washington and determined it to be Erysiphe knautiae Duby. This report describes the disease as well as diagnostic features and taxonomy of the causal agent.
Yeast COQ4 encodes a mitochondrial protein required for coenzyme Q synthesis.

Abstract The COQ4 gene coding for a component of the coenzyme Q biosynthetic pathway in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was cloned by a functional complementation of a Q-deficient mutant strain. Yeast coq4 mutant strains harboring the COQ4 gene on either single- or multicopy plasmids acquired the ability to grow on media containing a nonfermentable carbon source, synthesize Q6, and respire. COQ4 encodes a polypeptide containing 335 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 38.6 kDa. By Western blot analysis with a specific antiserum, Coq4p was shown to peripherally associate with the matrix face of the mitochondrial inner membrane. The putative mitochondrial-targeting sequence present at the amino-terminus of the polypeptide efficiently imported it to mitochondria in a membrane-potential-dependent manner. Steady-state levels of COQ4 mRNA were increased during growth on glycerol-containing medium, in accordance with a function in Q biosynthesis. The function of Coq4p is unknown, although its presence is required to maintain a steady-state level of Coq7p, another component of the Q biosynthetic pathway. The results presented here, along with those available from literature, are discussed in light of the recently proposed existence of a multisubunit complex functioning in Q biosynthesis (A. Y. Hsu, T. Q. Do, P. T. Lee, and C. F. Clarke, 2000, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1484, 287–297).
A role delineation study of hand surgery in the USA: assessing variations in fellowship training and clinical practice

Background We examined the fellowship experience of hand surgeons in the USA to identify gaps and variations in exposure to essential skills and knowledge during hand fellowship.
Prevalence of Bartonella henselae antibody in Florida panthers.

Serum samples from 28 free-ranging Florida panthers (Puma concolor coryi) and seven mountain lions from Texas (P. concolor stanleyana) living in south Florida (USA) between 1997 to 1998 were tested for antibodies to Bartonella henselae. Twenty percent (7/35) of the samples were reactive to B. henselae antisera with a subspecies prevalence of 18% (5/ 28) for Florida panthers and 28% (2/7) for cougars from Texas (USA). There was not a significant sex related difference in infection rates among the Florida panthers. Antibody prevalence was higher in panthers 2-yr (13%). Compared to studies of antibody prevalence in mountain lions (P. concolor) from California (USA), overall seroprevalence was lower as was prevalence in panthers >2-yr-old. However, the seroprevalence in animals <2-yr from southern Florida was similar to prevalences reported in mountain lions or domestic felids in California.
Tunneling of electrons from Si into thermally grown SiO2

Abstract Accurate measurements of electron tunneling at the SiSiO 2 interface were performed using the decay of surface potential following charging of the exposed oxide surface by positive corona ions. The surface potential was measured by an automated Kelvin-probe arrangement. Comparison of results for various substrate dopings, crystallographic orientations and oxide film thicknesses is presented. A model for tunneling based on electrons being confined within the lowest subband at the SiSiO 2 interface is also discussed and compared to the Fowler-Nordheim expression.
Regulation of CaCO3 formation in coccolithophores

Coccolithophores impact the ocean carbon cycle principally through the generation of CO2 during CaCO3 production. Coccolithophore biomineralization has been examined most extensively in Pleurochrysis carterae and Emiliania huxleyi both of which produce mineralized scales—coccoliths—composed of elaborate calcite crystals attached to an underlying organic base plate. Calcification of preformed base plates is mediated by acidic polysaccharides and occurs in Golgi-derived structures known as mineralizing vesicles. In Pleurochrysis a high capacity calcium-binding polysaccharide PS2 is required for efficient nucleation of calcitic protocrystals. A galacturonomannan PS3 is required for the growth and transformation of the protocrystals into a massive double disc of calcite. The genes that regulate expression of the glycans have not yet been identified. In addition to the coccolith-bearing diploid phases, Pleurochrysis and Emiliania possess both haploid and diploid non-calcifying stages, which are self-perpetuating via binary fission. One non-calcifying Pleurochrysis phase fails to synthesis PS2 and spontaneously reverts to the mineralizing morphotype in laboratory cultures. As yet, there is little information on environmental factors that effect the expression or silencing of calcifying genes or favor the growth of calcifying over non-calcifying phases. These issues will need extensive investigation, if we are to appreciate the role of coccolithophores in the regulation of atmospheric CO2 levels.
Hall effect in YbXCu4 and the role of carrier density in the YbInCu4 valence transition

Abstract An unrealistically large value of the Gruneisen parameter is required to explain the valence transition which occurs at 42 K in YbInCu4 as due to a Kondo Volume Collapse. A hint as to the origin of the transition lies in the large change in carrier density which occurs at the transition, from trivalent semimetallic behavior at high temperature to mixed valent metallic behavior at low temperature. In this paper we report measurements of the Hall coefficient RH for temperatures in the range 15–300 K for a series of RXCu4 compounds (R = Yb, Lu and X = Au, Zn, Cd, Mg, Tl) that form in the cubic C15b structure. For all X the Hall coefficients are small (∼ 10−10 m3/C) so that the transport appears to be metallic. The observation that low carrier density is unique to RInCu4 leads us to hypothesize that the valence transition (which is also unique to YbInCu4) is connected with the existence of a quasigap, which is a common feature of the band structure of RXCu4. The quasigap allows for two competing hybridization states of the 4f electrons: a small TK semimetallic state and a large TK metallic state.
Biological and immunological characteristics of Trichinella pseudospiralis

In 1972 three new species were proposed for the genus Trichinella, which for 137 years had contained a single species, Trichinella spiralis (Owen,1835). One of these proposed species, Trichinella pseudospiralis, was markedly different from the others in that it was smaller in size, the muscle-stage larvae were not surrounded by a capsule, and it was capable of parasitizing birds. Owing to a lack of information on the normal host range, geographic distribution, biochemistry, immunology and normal variation in biological characteristics of these organisms, several authors supported the more conservative position of designating them sibling species, subspecies or races of Trichinella. The summary statement following the session on Parasite Genetics and Speciation at the 7th International Conference on Trichinellosis recommended that pseudospiralis be accepted as a new species of Trichinella. In this article George Stewart reviews the available information on the biological and immunological characteristics of T. pseudospiralis.
A U.S. government view of CATV and its future

This paper traces the development and regulation of cable television from the early 1950's to the present. It illustrates the increasing impact on broadcasting of expanding cable capacity and the Federal Communications Commission's regulatory response thereto, including the requirement of carriage and nonduplication of local signals, and regulation of the importation of distant signals. It considers the Commission's pending regulatory proposals, as well as proposed Congressional revision of the copyright law. It outlines the Commission's efforts to encourage the cable industry to provide true diversity of programming through local origination and leasing of channels to others, as well as the relationship between CATV and the telephone industry, and the Commission's efforts to prevent the latter from abusing its control of the poles which are normally essential to cable operation. Finally, the paper looks briefly at the future of cable regulation.
Association of lumbar fractures, abdominal aortic calcification, and osteopenia☆

Abstract Purpose The purpose was to assess if abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) and low bone mineral density (BMD) are associated with fractures on lumbar spine radiographs in trauma patients. Methods Retrospectively, 303 consecutive lumbar radiographs were independently reviewed by two radiologists for AAC, low BMD, and traumatic findings. Results Thirty-one percent of patients had low BMD, 34% had AAC, and 24% had both. Eleven percent of radiographs showed traumatic findings. Seventy-six percent of positive cases had low BMD ( P P Conclusion A higher index of suspicion for fractures is warranted when AAC and low BMD are present.
Effect of alpha‐adrenergic blockade and anticholinergic agents on the decentralized primate bladder

The effect of anticholinergic and alpha-adrenergic blocking agents on the primate bladder decentralized at the sacral level was studied. Both agents diminish the intravesical pressure response to filling and slightly increase capacity. Each appears to exert an independent effect.
Viral lymphomas: can antivirals be used to treat cancer?

AbstractCurrent knowledge suggests that EBV, KSHV and HTLV-1 contribute to lymphomagenesis by subverting the host-cell molecular signaling machinery to deregulate cell growth and survival. Some signaling pathways that are affected by these viruses are well characterized, such as the NF-kB pathway, which is activated by these three viruses to promote cellular survival by inhibiting apoptosis, thereby playing a critical role in tumorigenesis. Other pathways, such as MTOR and JAK-STAT are also likely involved in viral lymphomagenesis. This provides the opportunity to inhibit these cellular pathways using drugs developed for the treatment of other malignancies. However, since these compounds target cellular proteins, they always have the potential for toxicity. In the context of viral malignancies, we have the unique opportunity of targeting viral proteins, and developing completely specific therapies. Here we will examine the question of whether the pathobiology of EBV, KSHV and HTLV-1 will allow the use of ...
Vibration rotation bands of heated hydrogen halides

Abstract The higher J rotational structure of the near infrared bands of HF, HCl, and DCl has been measured. The values of Y 10 (≡ ω e ) and Y 01 (≡ B e ) for HF are calculated as 4138.32 ± 0.06 cm −1 and 20.9557 ± 0.0009 cm −1 , respectively.
Clinical Predictors of Port Infections within the First 30 Days of Placement

Abstract Purpose To identify risk factors for port infections within 30 days of placement. Material and Methods A retrospective chart review of port placements from 2002–2009 was conducted. Patients who had port removals secondary to infection within the first 30 days of placement were included. This group of patients was compared with a control group of patients with ports with no evidence of infection. For every one patient with a port infection, two control subjects were chosen of the same gender and new port placement during the same month as the corresponding patient with an infected port. Results From 2002–2009, 4,404 ports were placed. Of the 4,404 patients, 33 (0.7%) were found to have a port infection within 30 days of placement. Compared with the control group, the early infection group had a higher prevalence of leukopenia (21.2% vs 6.1%, P = .039) and thrombocytopenia (33% vs 12%, P = .0158). There was also a higher prevalence of an inpatient hospital stay during port placement and high international normalized ratio in the early infection group. Conclusions Low preoperative white blood cell and platelet counts were risk factors for early infection. Abnormal coagulation profiles and inpatient access of ports after placement could be additional risk factors.
Effect of hydrogen peroxide on the biodegradation of PCBs in anaerobically dechlorinated river sediments.

The ability to initiate aerobic conditions in dechlorinated anaerobic sediments was tested using hydrogen peroxide as an oxygenation agent. Hydrogen peroxide additions to the sediment induced aerobic polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) degraders as indicated first, by an increase in bacterial count and second by a decline in PCB concentration from 135 µg/g to 20 µg/g over a 96-day period. Dechlorinated anaerobic sediment seems also to harbor indigenous anaerobic and aerobic microorganisms with high PCB degradation abilities. Those results support the potential ofin situ degradation of PCBs using a sequential anaerobic-aerobic technique.
Reverse Radial Forearm Fascial Flap with Radial Artery Preservation

The reverse radial forearm fascial (RRFF) flap is widely used in soft-tissue reconstruction of the hand. The traditional RRFF flap incorporates the radial artery from the forearm and is perfused by retrograde flow through the palmar arch. In patients with an abnormal Allen test because of an incomplete palmar arch, the traditional RRFF flap is contraindicated unless a vein graft is used to reconstruct the radial artery. A simpler alternative approach for hand reconstruction in such patients is a distally based RRFF flap based on radial artery perforators, which preserves the radial artery. We used RRFF flaps based on radial artery perforators in five patients who had palmar or dorsal soft-tissue loss. All five recovered full hand function, and only one had any complications (full-thickness skin graft loss at recipient site). The RRFF flap based on distal radial artery perforators is suitable for thin coverage of soft-tissue defects in hands with either a complete or an incomplete palmar arch.
Shifting nanoscopic clock gears.

A recent report looks at a 'clock in a test tube' composed of the cyanobacterial proteins KaiA, KaiB and KaiC, revealing that these dancing proteins swap partners to keep track of time.
Soil Moisture Profile Development from Surface Observations by Principle of Maximum Entropy

In this study, the principle of maximum entropy concept is used to estimate the soil moisture profile to a depth of near 50 cm. The procedure involves the use of the surface observation as the principle constraint in physical space, and only requires that a water balance be kept at the surface so that the mean water content of the soil can be computed at each time step. Comparison to experimental data for the wet and dry phases of the infiltration cycle showed that the theoretical profile gave reasonable simulations as measured by the Nash Sutcliffe Efficiency Statistic. It was also demonstrated that the entropy principle, combined with the kinematic wave approximation, is capable of simulating the dynamic phase of the infiltration process if the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity is treated as a calibration parameter of the model.
Enhanced transformation of human fibroblasts by origin-defective simian virus 40.

Transformation of semipermissive human fibroblasts (HF) by wild-type simian virus 40 (SV40) or SV40 DNA is relatively inefficient compared with SV40 transformation of non-permissive rodent cells1. Whereas HF transformed with either SV40 or a subgenomic fragment of SV40 (that is incapable of making virions) containing the early region and the origin of DNA replication produce large amounts of free virus DNA2–5, established human cell lines transformed by SV40 harbour defective virus genomes6 that are incapable of initiating virus DNA replication (M. Botchan, personal communication). We have now investigated whether the low efficiency of transformation is directly related to the ability of SV40 DNA to replicate autonomously in semipermissive HF. We have compared the efficiency of transformation of HF by origin-defective SV40 DNA (SV ori−) with that of other derivatives containing a functional viral origin of replication, using the calcium phosphate co-precipitation technique7. The transforming potential of SV ori− mutants was found to be superior.
Aggregation for load servicing

The proliferation of smart meters enables a load-serving entity (LSE) to aggregate customers according to their consumption patterns. We demonstrate a method for constructing groups of customers who will be the cheapest to service at wholesale market prices. Using smart meter data from a region in California, we show that by aggregating more of these customers together, their consumption can be forecasted more accurately, which allows an LSE to mitigate financial risks in its wholesale market transactions. We observe that the consumption of aggregates of customers with similar consumption patterns can be forecasted more accurately than that of random aggregates of customers. The model we propose enables an LSE to offer discounted rates to low-cost customers because it can purchase electricity for them more cheaply than it can for the general population.
Continuous fields of land cover for the conterminous United States using Landsat data: first results from the Web-Enabled Landsat Data (WELD) project

Vegetation Continuous Field (VCF) layers of 30 m percent tree cover, bare ground, other vegetation and probability of water were derived for the conterminous United States (CONUS) using Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) data sets from the Web-Enabled Landsat Data (WELD) project. Turnkey approaches to land cover characterization were enabled due to the systematic WELD Landsat processing, including conversion of digital numbers to calibrated top of atmosphere reflectance and brightness temperature, cloud masking, reprojection into a continental map projection and temporal compositing. Annual, seasonal and monthly WELD composites for 2008 were used as spectral inputs to a bagged regression and classification tree procedure using a large training data set derived from very high spatial resolution imagery and available ancillary data. The results illustrate the ability to perform Landsat land cover characterizations at continental scales that are internally consistent while retaining local spatial...
Pressure drop and He II flow through fine mesh screens

Fluid acquisition systems for He II transfer devices will utilize gallery arms to ensure that the fluid encounters the pump inlet. In near term experiments such as Superfluid Helium on Orbit Transfer (SHOOT), the preferred configuration consists of several rectangular channels which have one side made from a Dutch weave stainless steel screen having 325 x 2300 wires per inch. The effective pore diameter for this screen is about 5 microns. The present paper reports on measurements of pressure drop across a screen when it is subjected to a flow of liquid helium. The experiment measures the time rate of change of the level in two different helium reservoirs connected by a screen-blocked channel. Results with normal helium are compared with predictions based on the Armour-Cannon (1968) equations. The He II data show considerable deviation from the classical result. A discussion of the He II pressure drop results in terms of two fluid hydrodynamics is included.
SU‐FF‐T‐42: A Novel Approach to Scar Boost in Mesothelioma Treatment

Purpose: To evaluate the potential advantages of high dose rate(HDR) brachytherapy for boosting mesothelioma incisions extending beyond the hemithoracic target volume. HDR treatment was compared with abutted, enface electron fields. Methods and Materials: One case describes catheter placement, dosimetric advantages, setup uncertainties, and treatment delivery. The right lateral decubitus position, in alpha cradle, was selected to permit consideration of HDR versus electrons. Comparative analyses of treatment plans were performed, and HDR setup and dosimetry were preferred. The HDR treatment utilized 3 catheters atop 5mm of bolus. The HDR setup required physician to confirm catheter placement. Tape, 5mm bolus, and wet towels secured the catheters and provided shielding. The prescription was 3.0Gy to 1.2cm from catheter including bolus (7mm depth in tissue). Dwell positions every 5mm were used to cover the entire length of the scars (22cm and 34cm). The corresponding electron plan required 5 thin strip cutouts and a physician present to approve field setup and feathering of the junctions. A phantom was used to simulate treatment of lesion with electrons and entire process was timed. Results: The total setup and treatment time for 6 HDR treatments was approximately 270minutes (time varies with activity, prescription dose, and volume) compared with 450minutes for 15 electron fractions (2Gy/fraction). Planning time for either modality is comparable. Electron treatments involve additional time for cutting blocks, measuring cutout factors, and physician approved junction changes. One additional concern is dose homogeneity caused by feathering electrons versus brachytherapy which provides a reliable dose distribution. Conclusions: HDR brachytherapy provided an optimal solution over the complicated and time‐consuming electron treatment and should be considered as a viable option for mesothelioma patients with a considerable scar length beyond hemithoracic target volume. Clinical data to support the use of brachytherapy over electrons for coverage of incisional scars is still needed.
Isolation and Characterization of a cDNA Clone Encoding the Major Hsp70 of the Pea Chloroplastic Stroma

The 70-kD heat shock proteins (hsp70s) are a group of ubiquitous, highly conserved molecular chaperones that have been implicated in a variety of processes, ranging from DNA replication to protein folding and transport. To learn more about the evolution and possible functions of higher plant chloroplastic hsp70s, we isolated a cDNA clone encoding the major stromal hsp70 of pea chloroplasts, which we term CSS1 (Chloroplastic Stress Seventy). This cDNA clone encodes a 75,490-D protein that is very closely related to an hsp70 from the cyanobacterium, Synechocystis. CSS1 is nuclear encoded and synthesized as a higher molecular mass precursor with a chloroplastic transit peptide approximately 65 amino acids long. CSS1 mRNA was detected in RNA samples from leaves and roots of pea (Pisum sativum) plants grown at 18 degrees C but increased 9- and 6-fold, respectively, after brief exposure of the plants to elevated temperature. We discuss the possible role(s) of CSS1 in chloroplastic protein transport and other processes.
Detection and quantification of previous myocardial infarction by exercise-redistribution tomographic thallium-201 scintigraphy

Although myocardial perfusion scintigraphy at rest accurately diagnoses myocardial infarction (MI), the prevalence and size of previous MI is overestimated by exercise-redistribution thallium-201 studies. A new, quantitative approach to the analysis of tomographic thallium-201 scintigrams was developed in order to determine whether the presence and extent of MI could be determined. Sixty patients undergoing cardiac catheterization for chest pain syndromes, including 28 with previous MI, were studied by exercise and 3-hour delayed thallium-201 scintigraphy, with use of the 7-pinhole tomographic technique. Circumferential profiles of the postexercise and 3-hour radiotracer distribution were generated from apical, midventricular and basal left ventricular slices. The 3-hour profile fell below normal limits in 24 of 28 patients (86%) with remote MI, but was also abnormal in 9 of 22 patients (41%) with coronary disease but no MI. All missed MIs were either inferior or subendocardial and were associated with normal ejection fractions. To distinguish between MI and slowly resolving ischemic defects, a quantitative approach was used. MI area was calculated as the area in which the 3-hour profile fell below the 3-hour normal limits, and a redistribution area in the MI zone was determined as the area between the postexercise and 3-hour profiles in the region where the 3-hour profile was abnormal. The MI area was 1,000 +/- 980 units in patients with MI, vs 79 +/- 120 units in patients without MI (p less than 0.001), whereas the redistribution area was higher in patients without MI (1,240 +/- 810 vs 430 +/- 400 units, p less than 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Semi-inverse method for predicting stress-strain relationship from cone indentations

A method for determining the stress–strain relationship of a material from hardness values H obtained from cone indentation tests with various apical angles is presented. The materials studied were assumed to exhibit power-law hardening. As a result, the properties of importance are the Young's modulus E , yield strength Y , and the work-hardening exponent n . Previous work [W.C. Oliver and G.M. Pharr, J. Mater. Res. 7, 1564 (1992)] showed that E can be determined from initial force–displacement data collected while unloading the indenter from the material. Consequently, the properties that need to be determined are Y and n . Dimensional analysis was used to generalize H/E so that it was a function of Y/E and n [Y-T. Cheng and C-M. Cheng, J. Appl. Phys. 84, 1284 (1999); Philos. Mag. Lett. 77, 39 (1998)]. A parametric study of Y/E and n was conducted using the finite element method to model material behavior. Regression analysis was used to correlate the H/E findings from the simulations to Y/E and n . With the a priori knowledge of E , this correlation was used to estimate Y and n .
Zinc deficiency and anorexia in rats: The effect of central administration of norepinephrine, muscimol and bromerogocryptine

Anorexia is a major manifestation of zinc deficiency, but the mechanism(s) for this anorexia are not well defined. In this study we investigated the effects of three modulators of feeding response on the food consumption of zinc deficient rats. Zinc deficient rats showed partial resistance to norepinephrine, eating significantly less at the 20 micrograms dose than the zinc sufficient ad lib controls, and food ingestion could not be induced at the 10 micrograms dose. Similarly, higher doses of the GABA agonist, muscimol, were required to induce feeding in the zinc deficient animals compared to the zinc sufficient controls. The dopamine agonist, bromergocryptine, failed to induce feeding in the zinc deficient animals. These findings are compatible with the concept that zinc deficiency produces a generalized decrease in receptor responsibility, possibly secondary to alterations in membrane fluidity.
WE-D-T-617-05: Evaluation of the New Exradin A16 Micro-Chamber for the Purpose of Water Measurements of Small SRS Collimator by Comparison to Film Dosimetry and Monte-Carlo Calculations

Purpose: Direct water measurements of small fields in general and small SRScollimators in specific have been a long known problem. The typical ion chambers, which are used with 3D water phantoms have a volume of about 0.125cc, which is not suitable for measuring small fields. The recently introduce Exradin A16 chamber, with a volume of 0.007cc was designed to overcome the problem by allowing accurate measurements of small fields in water. The purpose of this work is to validate the suitability of this chamber for small fields water measurements. Method and Materials: In order to evaluate the suitability of the A16, depth dose curves and a set of profiles were taken with this ionization chamber using SRScollimators ranging from 1cm to 4cm in diameter, in steps of 0.25cm increment. The scans were then compared with film dosimetry of the same collimators and Monte‐Carlo simulations. The films used were the Kodak XDR extended range films in Perspex phantom, which were scanned and analyzed using the Vidar 16 scanner and the RIT software. The Monte‐Carlo simulation was done using the BEAMnrc code. For the larger collimators (2.5cm and up) a set of water measurement were performed also using the standard Wellhoffer chambers (0.125cc) Results: The result showed excellent matching between all evaluations media (water measurements with the A16 and the standard chamber, film dosimetry and Monte‐Carlo simulation). The only discrepancy was with deeper depths in the films, which was due to the phantom used. Conclusion: The A16 is suitable and should be used for small field water measurements.