cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
DoA Estimation and RMSE Characterization for 3D Massive-MIMO/FD-MIMO OFDM System

With the promise of meeting future capacity demands for mobile broadband communications, 3D massive-MIMO/Full Dimension MIMO (FD-MIMO) systems have gained much interest among the researchers in recent years. Apart from the huge spectral efficiency gain offered by the system, the reason for this great interest can also be attributed to significant reduction of latency, simplified multiple access layer, and robustness to interference. However, in order to completely extract the benefits of massive-MIMO systems, accurate channel state information is very critical. In this paper, a channel estimation method based on direction of arrival (DoA) estimation is presented for massive- MIMO OFDM systems. To be specific, the DoA is estimated using Estimation of Signal Parameter via Rotational Invariance Technique (ESPRIT) method, and the root mean square error (RMSE) of the DoA estimation is analytically characterized for the corresponding MIMO-OFDM system.
Particle Analysis for the Detection of Gunshot Residue. III: The Case Record

The final step in the development of the particle analysis method for gunshot residue detection was a program of case assistance for law enforcement agencies, carried out during the first nine months of 1977.
Open Reduction of Congenital Dislocation of the Hip with Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita

Congenital dislocation of the hip with arthrogryposis multiplex congenita is more difficult to treat than developmental dislocation of the hip by either nonsurgical or surgical means. We treated 5 patients (7hips) surgically from 1980 to 1995. The average age at the time of surgery was approximately 2 years, except for 1 patient who was operated on when aged 7 years. Four patients (6hips) were treated by open reduction (O. R.), derotation-varus osteotomy (D. V. O), and shelf operation or pelvic osteotomy. One patient (1hip) was treated by O. R. and D. V. O. Reduction was relatively successful in all patients, with no recurrence of dislocation. Range of motion of the hip could be maintained by aggressive and continuous motion exercise which was commenced 4 weeks after surgery with the removal of the hip spica cast.
Age Identification and Self-Concept in Later Adulthood

71 female volunteers (mean age 77.7 yr.) responded to questionnaires measuring age identification (self-identification as young, middle-aged, old) and self-concept (Tennessee Self-concept Scale). “Young/Middle-aged” self-identifications were associated with positive self-concepts, suggesting that chronologically older individuals may use denial of old age to insulate themselves from societal devaluation. It was pointed out that such “denial” of old age may or may not entail a denial of reality.
Culture, Behavior, and Pathology

This chapter explains how culture contributes to psychopathology in different ways. It is important to recognize the nature of cultural impact, depending on the different groups of disorders or the nature of psychopathology. Generally, psychopathology that is predominantly determined by biological factors, is influenced less by cultural factors, and any such influence is secondary or peripheral. In contrast, psychopathology that is predominantly determined by psychological factors is attributed to cultural factors. This basic distinction is necessary in discussing different levels of cultural impact on various types of psychopathology. These levels of distinction present how culture impacts psychopathology in various ways, namely, genetic, selective, plastic, elaborating, facilitating, discriminating, or reactive ways, for different groups of psychopathology, which vary from predominantly biologically, psychologically, socioculturally determined psychopathology. The chapter also discusses that there is a range of universally uniform psychopathologies versus culture-elaborated specific psychopathologies. The degree of cultural input varies between the extremes of distantly culture-related to closely culture related psychopathology. These integrated conceptual views are likely to assist in elaborating the subject of culture and psychopathology.
Vertebrate Endoderm Formation

Abstract The embryonic endoderm contributes to the epithelial lining of the digestive and respiratory system and associated organs such as the liver and pancreas. Data from a number of animal models demonstrate that a conserved gene regulatory network (GRN) controls endoderm germ layer specification during gastrulation in vertebrates. The transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling ligand Nodal induces this endoderm GRN by activating the expression of a key group of transcription factors including Sox17, FoxA, and Mix-like proteins. These transcription factors interact in a complex auto-regulatory loop; with both distinct and overlapping downstream target genes they regulate the segregation of the endoderm and mesoderm lineages from a transient mesendoderm progenitor. Other signaling pathways including Wnt, Notch, and FGF modulate the activity of the Nodal endoderm GRN but their relative importance appears to vary in different species. Our understanding of endoderm development in animal models has been translated into robust protocols to differentiate human endoderm in vitro from pluripotent stem cells. In addition to providing the possibility of regenerative medicine and a means of modeling human disease of endoderm tissues, the in vitro differentiation of endoderm from stem cells now provides a powerful model to further interrogate the molecular basis of human endoderm formation.
Structural and Biochemical Analysis of Protein–Protein Interactions Between the Acyl‐Carrier Protein and Product Template Domain

In fungal non-reducing polyketide synthases (NR-PKS) the acyl-carrier protein (ACP) carries the growing polyketide intermediate through iterative rounds of elongation, cyclization and product release. This process occurs through a controlled, yet enigmatic coordination of the ACP with its partner enzymes. The transient nature of ACP interactions with these catalytic domains imposes a major obstacle for investigation of the influence of protein-protein interactions on polyketide product outcome. To further our understanding about how the ACP interacts with the product template (PT) domain that catalyzes polyketide cyclization, we developed the first mechanism-based crosslinkers for NR-PKSs. Through in vitro assays, in silico docking and bioinformatics, ACP residues involved in ACP-PT recognition were identified. We used this information to improve ACP compatibility with non-cognate PT domains, which resulted in the first gain-of-function ACP with improved interactions with its partner enzymes. This advance will aid in future combinatorial biosynthesis of new polyketides.
The Development of Self-Determination During Adolescence

The intent of this chapter is to provide an examination of the foundational skills, knowledge, and beliefs leading to the development of causal and agentic capabilities and action control beliefs during the adolescent years. The chapter overviews developmental milestones in knowledge, skills, and beliefs that emerge during adolescence and lead to enhanced self-determination, including choice making, self-initiation and planning, problem solving, decision making, goal setting and attainment, and self-regulation. The chapter concludes with a brief overview of issues in adolescent development as it pertains to motivational aspects of self-determination.
Reply to Doody

AbstractIn an earlier paper, we appealed to various empirical studies to make the case that the unconscious mind is capable of robust self-deception. Paul Doody has challenged our interpretations of that empirical evidence. In this reply we defend our interpretations, arguing that the unconscious is engaged in strategic and flexible goal pursuit.
Adult-Onset Henoch-Schonlein Purpura Duodenitis.

Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP) is an immune-mediated vasculitis. HSP presents with purple spots on the skin (purpura), arthralgia, digestive problems, and kidney injury. HSP is most commonly seen in children, and rarely presents in adults. The pathogenesis involves the deposition of immune complexes in small to medium size blood vessels which leads to necrosis and inflammation. Most patients recover after symptomatic treatment, while more severe cases are treated with steroids. We report a 28-year-old female patient who presented with two episodes of hematemesis, worsening abdominal pain, and bloody diarrhea. Physical examination showed erythematous, palpable, purpuric rashes on her thighs and lower legs. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) scan showed thickening of the duodenal wall, and upper endoscopy revealed mild gastric erythema and diffuse erythematous, hemorrhagic, friable mucosa with superficial, thick, adherent white exudate seen in the second portion of the duodenum, consistent with the diagnosis of HSP. We report on the clinical presentation of our patient, and review adult-onset HSP. J Clin Med Res. 2017;9(11):958-961 doi: https://doi.org/10.14740/jocmr3181w
The Evolution and Future of Service

This chapter describes the evolution of the service field over two eras that encompass its emergence, growth and eventual broadening into a multidisciplinary field. The first era, described with the metaphor of biological evolution, encompasses the development of the service marketing field across three stages: Crawling Out, Scurrying About, and Walking Erect. The second era witnessed the rapid expansion of the service field beyond service marketing. This era, described with the metaphor of social evolution, progresses through three additional stages: Making Tools, Creating Language, and Building Community. We expand on Building Community as the future of the service field with discussion of the state of Service Science , Management, and Engineering (SSME), the idea of adding service arts , the need to serve customers, and memes for building the service community. We envision a service field that is customer-centered, multidisciplinary and collaborative.
Influence of joining on the tensile behaviour of high density polyethylene pipe

The influence of two joining techniques, electrofusion versus butt fusion, on the tensile properties of HDPE pipes is presented and compared with a basic unwelded counterpart
Biomarkers of drug-induced liver injury: progress and utility in research, medicine, and regulation.

Introduction: The difficulty of understanding and diagnosing drug-induced liver injury (DILI) has led to proliferation of serum and genetic biomarkers. Many applications of these biomarkers have be...
Generating Novel Materials Using the Intrinsically Disordered Protein Ubx.

Abstract The development of functionalized materials is needed to enable diverse applications. Protein-based materials are typically biocompatible and biodegradable and can exhibit a wide variety of useful mechanical properties. Most importantly, gene fusion enables facile incorporation of active proteins into the materials. However, many protocols rely on denaturing conditions to stimulate materials formation. These conditions would be expected to inactivate any appended functional proteins. This chapter describes methods to create protein fibers and films in a mild aqueous buffer near neutral pH. This facile, inexpensive single-pot approach to materials assembly does not require any special equipment. Also included in this chapter are methods to fuse fibers to form fiber bundles, and to use fibers for cell culture. Although these methods were developed to generate materials from the Drosophila Hox transcription factor Ultrabithorax, they may also work for other self-assembling proteins, many of which have sequence features in common with Ubx.
The Racist Underbelly of Health Disparities in America.

Blacksher is right to question how media and academia approach life contraction in low-education whites (Blacksher 2018). Tackling such a topic is difficult but necessary to foster dialogue. Indeed...
Patient Consequences of Abuse

The purpose of this chapter is to describe and comment on various infusion system problems that have a direct and adverse effect on patients.
Abstract 170: Worse Patency in Women After Endovascular Peripheral Vascular Intervention

Objectives: Women are suspected to have worse outcomes after lower extremity revascularization. We sought to study how patency differed among men and women undergoing endovascular peripheral vascul...
A Distributed Error and Anomaly Communication Architecture for Analog and Mixed-Signal Systems

With the increasing use of autonomous and mission critical systems, in field concurrent testing (i.e. testing while device is in operation) is becoming progressively more important. However, concurrent testing of analog and mixed-signal systems often needs to rely on anomaly indicators, because of the absence of clear 1/0 error conditions in analog circuits. In this paper we show how simultaneous monitoring of different but related anomalies across a mixed-signal system can lead to improved diagnosis of error conditions and rules out false errors. However, to achieve such kind of federated learning between different modules across the system, we need an architecture through which all modules within the system can communicate their anomaly information with minimum overhead. To that end, first, we develop a data structure (Weighted Alarm Collector - WAC) to efficiently encapsulate all the anomaly information in a system. Second, we show how WACs can be merged through hierarchies in a scalable manner. Based on this, we also develop an architecture to facilitate learning across different modules across hierarchies. The main benefits of this architecture are that a) it enables distributed error learning within a system and b) the architecture is scalable and can be built bottom up, which is compatible with current IP based modular design methodology. Finally we show some applications of this architecture on some common industry use-cases.
Fiber Intake Predicts Weight Loss and Dietary Adherence in Adults Consuming Calorie-Restricted Diets: The POUNDS Lost (Preventing Overweight Using Novel Dietary Strategies) Study.

BACKGROUND The effects of dietary composition on weight loss are incompletely understood. In addition to energy intake, fiber intake, energy density, macronutrient composition, and demographic characteristics have all been suggested to contribute to weight loss. OBJECTIVE The primary aim of this analysis was to assess the role of dietary fiber as a predictor of weight loss in participants who consumed calorie-restricted diets (-750 kcal/d from estimated energy needs) for 6 mo, using data from the POUNDS Lost (Preventing Overweight Using Novel Dietary Strategies) Study-a randomized trial that examined the effects of calorie-restricted diets varying in macronutrient composition on weight loss in adults. METHODS Data were randomly partitioned to a training data set (70%) in which the effects of fiber and other weight-loss predictors were identified using adjusted Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator and model averaging. The retained predictors were then fit on the testing data set to assess predictive performance. RESULTS Three hundred and forty-five participants (53.9% female) provided dietary records at baseline and 6 mo. Mean ± SD age and BMI for the full sample was 52.5 ± 8.7 y and 32.6 ± 3.9 kg/m2, respectively. Mean ± SD (99% CI) weight change at 6 mo for the full sample was -7.27 ± 5.6 kg (-8.05, -6.48 kg). The final, best fit model (R2 = 0.41) included fiber, energy density, fat, age, adherence, baseline weight, race, and changes from baseline in carbohydrate, fiber, PUFA, and MUFA intake, but the most influential predictor was fiber intake ($\hat{\beta }$ = -0.37; P < 0.0001). In addition, fiber was strongly associated with adherence to the macronutrient prescriptions (P < 0.0001). Interactions between race and adherence, age, baseline weight, carbohydrate, energy density, and MUFAs were also retained in the final model. CONCLUSION Dietary fiber intake, independently of macronutrient and caloric intake, promotes weight loss and dietary adherence in adults with overweight or obesity consuming a calorie-restricted diet. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00072995.
Investigating the relationship between corticosterone and glucose in a reptile

ABSTRACT The glucocorticoid hormone corticosterone (CORT) has classically been used in ecophysiological studies as a proxy for stress and energy mobilization, but rarely are CORT and the energy metabolites themselves concurrently measured. To examine CORT9s role in mobilizing glucose in a wild reptile, we conducted two studies. The first study measured natural baseline and stress-induced blood-borne CORT and glucose levels in snakes during spring emergence and again when snakes return to the denning sites in autumn. The second study manipulated the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis in male snakes in the autumn by taking a baseline blood sample, then subjecting individuals to one of five treatments (no injection, saline, CORT, adrenocorticotropin hormone and metyrapone). Subsequent samples were taken at 30 and 60 min. In both studies, we found that glucose levels do increase with acute stress, but that the relationship was not directly related to CORT elevation. In the second study, we found that none of the HPA axis manipulations directly affected blood glucose levels, further indicating that CORT may play a complex but not direct role in glucose mobilization in snakes. This study highlights the need for testing mechanisms in wild organisms by combining in situ observations with manipulative studies.
Factors at Multiple Scales Influence Recruitment from Herbaceous Wetland Seed Banks in the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley

In early successional stages, seedlings serve as a link between past and future wetland plant assemblages. Our objectives were to 1) enumerate seedling density in soil exposed to various hydrologic treatments 2) determine similarities between standing vegetation, germinated seedlings, and early successional stage assemblages, and 3) better understand effects of landscape-level factors on overall wetland seedling density. Soil samples were collected and standing vegetation characterized from 12 restored and three non-managed wetlands in the Mississippi River Alluvial Valley (MAV). Seedling germination was observed in a greenhouse experiment, while early-stage plant assembly was followed in outdoor mesocosms. Hydrology significantly affected seedling density, with constantly moist treatments increasing seedling germination above that observed in fluctuating or continually inundated treatments. Standing vegetation in MAV wetlands differed from germinated seedlings; however, germinated seedlings were similar in terms of structure and identity to early successional mesocosm assemblages, indicating close linkages of these two vegetation stages. When landscape-level factors were examined, we found that wetland size was positively correlated, and surrounding land use and watershed nitrogen (N) loading negatively correlated with seedling numbers. Thus, seedling dynamics were affected by factors internal and external to wetlands, necessitating landscape-scale perspectives when making management decisions, even for individual wetlands.
Chapter 20 – Protein Metabolism

The chapter provides an overview of protein metabolism in birds. This includes summarizing the protein composition of birds (e.g., in muscles and feathers), discussing the role of proteins, and outlining the importance of proteins in reproduction and immune functioning. The amount of specific proteins in organs is tightly controlled by shifts in the rates of both protein synthesis and degradation. The relative roles of protein synthesis and degradation are covered. Moreover, attention is focused on shifts in protein synthesis and degradation during physiological changes such as during growth, nutritional restriction, and the effects of hormones. For muscles, there are critical effects of nervous innervation and/or stretching of the muscle. Quantitative information on both whole-body and tissue protein synthesis and degradation is included. The digestion of proteins is discussed. This includes the initiation of protein digestion in the gizzard and proventriculus, and the relative roles of the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, colon, and ceca in protein digestion. There is consideration of the enzymes responsible for protein digestion. Amino acids are used as energy sources and have other roles in addition to being essential precursors for protein synthesis. The transporters for amino acids are discussed, including those in the gastrointestinal absorption of amino acids. Moreover, the mechanisms by which birds address the issues of nitrogenous waste and its excretion are outlined.
The WCT Formula II: An effective means to automatically differentiate wide complex tachycardias.

Abstract Background Differentiation of wide complex tachycardias (WCTs) into ventricular tachycardia (VT) or supraventricular wide complex tachycardia (SWCT) using conventional manually-operated electrocardiogram (ECG) interpretation methods is difficult. Recent research has shown that accurate WCT differentiation may be accomplished by automated approaches (e.g., WCT Formula) implemented by computerized ECG interpretation software. Objective We sought to develop a new automated means to differentiate WCTs. Methods First, a derivation cohort of paired WCT and baseline ECGs was examined to secure independent VT predictors to be incorporated into a logistic regression model (i.e., WCT Formula II). Second, the WCT Formula II was trialed against a separate validation cohort of paired WCT and baseline ECGs. Results The derivation cohort comprised 317 paired WCT (157 VT, 160 SWCT) and baseline ECGs. The WCT Formula II was composed of baseline QRS duration (p = 0.02), WCT QRS duration (p Conclusion The WCT Formula II is an example of how contemporary ECG interpretation software could be used to differentiate WCTs successfully.
Portable negative pressure environment to protect staff during aerosol-generating procedures in patients with COVID-19

Patients with COVID-19 often need therapeutic interventions that are considered high aerosol-generating procedures. These are either being performed by healthcare providers with potentially inadequate personal protective equipment or the procedures are being delayed until patients clear their viral load. Both scenarios are suboptimal. We present a simple, cost-effective method of creating a portable negative pressure environment using equipment that is found in most hospitals to better protect healthcare providers and to facilitate more timely care for patients with COVID-19.
Emerging hyperthermia applications for pediatric oncology.

Abstract Local application of hyperthermia has a myriad of effects on the tumor microenvironment as well as the host's immune system. Ablative hyperthermia (typically > 55 °C) has been used both as monotherapy and adjuvant therapy, while mild hyperthermia treatment (39–45 °C) demonstrated efficacy as an adjuvant therapy through enhancement of both chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Clinical integration of hyperthermia has especially great potential in pediatric oncology, where current chemotherapy regimens have reached maximum tolerability and the young age of patients implies significant risks of late effects related to therapy. Furthermore, activation of both local and systemic immune response by hyperthermia suggests that hyperthermia treatments could be used to enhance the anticancer effects of immunotherapy. This review summarizes the state of current applications of hyperthermia in pediatric oncology and discusses the use of hyperthermia in the context of other available treatments and promising pre-clinical research.
Dual-Sensitizer Photoanode for Bromide Oxidation

A dual-sensitizer mesoporous thin-film photoanode has been characterized for visible light-driven bromide oxidation in an aqueous pH 5.6 solution. The thin film is composed of interconnected nanopa...
Nonfatal use of firearms in intimate partner violence: Results of a national survey.

Abstract Research on intimate partner violence (IPV) and firearms has typically focused on homicide, so there is limited information on how firearms are used in nonfatal ways, particularly in community samples. We sought to estimate the prevalence of nonfatal firearm abuse in the context of IPV, understand how and against whom firearms are used, and examine consequences of this abuse. Using a national web-based survey of US adults who experienced IPV (n = 958), we asked respondents about experiences with nonfatal firearm abuse, including the frequency of firearm behaviors and consequences. Based on screening data weighted to be nationally representative, we estimated that 9.8% (95% CI: 9.0%, 10.6%) of US adults – or nearly 25 million – have experienced nonfatal firearm abuse by an intimate partner (i.e., were threatened with a firearm, had a firearm used on them, or were threatened by a partner who possessed or had easy access to a firearm). IPV victims who experienced nonfatal firearm abuse commonly reported experiencing other forms of IPV. The most common behaviors included the partner displaying a firearm (67.5%) and threatening to shoot the victim (63.0%). The majority (80.5%) of perpetrators were male, and 49.2% of respondents had a child at home at the time of abuse. The most common consequences of nonfatal firearm abuse were concerns for safety (86.2%) and feeling fearful (82.7%). Additionally, 43.1% of respondents reported physical injury, and 37.4% missed days of work or school. Practice and policy around firearm access for IPV perpetrators should attend to nonfatal firearm use against intimate partners.
Shrinking Against Sentiment: Exploiting Behavioral Biases in Portfolio Optimization

High sentiment predicts low market returns and high arbitrage returns. This empirical evidence has important implications for portfolio optimization. Exploiting the eigenvalue-decomposition of the mean-variance portfolio, I show that its performance is the sum of two components: a market component and an arbitrage component. Using a shrinkage covariance matrix that shrinks the sample covariance toward the identity in the construction of mean-variance portfolios gives more relevance to the market component, and its relevance increases with the degree of shrinkage. Shrinking more when sentiment is low and less when it is high generates substantial economic gains to mean-variance investors.
The Remaining Ribosomal RNA Genes

As was pointed out in the opening chapter of this section, the ribosomal genes of eukaryotes other than the 5 S species are transcribed by DNA-dependent RNA polymerase I. Despite the large size of the mature genes, considerable progress has already been made in establishing their primary structures, including those of the flanking regions, intergenic spacers, and introns. Consequently, although the data available are understandably not overly abundant, they are amply sufficient to disclose both several features peculiar to the transcription of this class of biochemicals and their evolutionary relationships.
Secure routing using factual correctness

The routing protocols in use today operate on implicit trust among the different routers. Specifically, the distance vector routing (DVR) protocols compute routing tables in a distributed manner, based on this implicit trust. This trust model however fails to ensure the factual correctness of the routing updates, which is very critical for secure routing. We propose a neighbor update propagation model to ensure factual correctness and detect malicious activity by any subverted router. We also propose a secure DVR protocol based on this model using simple cryptographic primitives, and with minimal operational overhead.
Human activity recognition using LZW-Coded Probabilistic Finite State Automata

Human activity recognition has become an increasingly important field of research with many practical applications related to health care and leisure activities. The accessibility of inexpensive portable sensors, such as accelerometers, allows for a widespread use of this technology for both commercial and personal activity recognition. This paper develops a novel feature extraction approach to human activity recognition through the development of the Lempel-Ziv-Welch Coded Probabilistic Finite State Automata (LZW-Coded PFSA) to classify activities such as walking, jumping, running, waist rotations, and shoulder rotations. The PFSA reveal the underlying architecture of a given activity and classify it without making any a priori assumptions by inferring patterns from the sensor measurements. LZW-Coded PFSA select the optimal variable length state from the time-series data and compress it into class-separable state transition matrices π. This algorithm is robust to subject biases and is shown to be effective with a correct classification rate of 95.63%.
Effect of oral contraceptives on human endometrium in culture

Abstract Addition of oral contraceptives to the medium of human endometrial explants in organ culture caused histologically, histochemically, and biochemically detectable changes in the tissue. These alterations were similar to the response obtained in vivo and indicate that the synthetic hormones have a direct effect on the endometrium in addition to any other mode of action. The effects of the contraceptives in organ culture included proliferative and secretory changes similar to those cause by the natural ovarian hormones, increased deposition of glycogen in the glandular epithelium and in the stromal cells, and histologic changes in the stroma around the glands and the blood vessels.
Software process improvement: operations perspectives

Software has become one of the most integral parts of today's corporations, and the efficiency and maintenance of business processes and organizations depend largely on the improvement and capability of their supporting software and related solutions. Despite their importance and recent advances in software engineering, software development processes have not yet been clearly understood. It is reported that one-third of software projects are canceled before completion, and more than half of the projects cost at least twice their original estimates. Building on Nambisan and Wilemon's work on the cross-domain knowledge sharing between new product development and software development, this paper makes a further attempt to comprehend the software development process through examination of process improvements in related fields outside the software industry, such as new product development and operations management. Examining software process improvements from the perspective of new product development and operations management, the authors gain insights into future direction of software development process improvements.
Diagnostic assays for identification of anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive non–small cell lung cancer

In series dominated by adenocarcinoma histology, approximately 5% of non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) harbor an anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene rearrangement. Crizotinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor with significant activity against ALK, has demonstrated high response rates and prolonged progression-free survival in ALK-positive patients enrolled in phase 1/2 clinical trials. In 2011, crizotinib received accelerated approval from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of proven ALK-positive NSCLC using an FDA-approved diagnostic test. Currently, only break-apart fluorescence in situ hybridization testing is FDA approved as a companion diagnostic for crizotinib; however, many other assays are available or in development. In the current review, the authors summarize the diagnostic tests available, or likely to become available, that could be used to identify patients with ALK-positive NSCLC, highlighting the pros and cons of each.
Quasi-Born approximation prefiltering for noniterative inverse scattering

We study and illustrate quasi-Born approximation conditions which allow the solution of certain inverse scattering problems without iterations even though the corresponding forward map from scatterer to data is in general nonlinear due to multiple scattering. The proposed methodology focuses on a form of linearizing prefiltering which sheds fundamental, quantitative insight on the possibilities and challenges associated to solving certain inverse scattering problems without iterations.
A Further Look at the Intergenerational Transmission of Violence: Witnessing Interparental Violence in Emerging Adulthood:

The intergenerational transmission (IGT) of violence has been a main the oretical consideration to explain the link between interparental aggression in the family of origin and intimate partner violence (IPV) in subsequent intimate relationships. Studies have examined this theoretical link based on self reports of interparental violence witnessed during childhood and adolescence. However, no study has examined whether emerging adults who currently witness interparental violence are more likely to exhibit violence in their own intimate relationships. Data were analyzed from undergraduate students (N = 223) attending an ethnically diverse Southern California uni versity. Multivariate linear regression analyses were used to examine the impact of witnessing interparental violence on the physical and psycho logical IPV experienced in emerging adult relationships. The joint effects of witnessing both forms of interparental violence were also tested. Support for the intergenerational transmission of violence was identified for specific types of violence. Future directions of study and implications for prevention and treatment are offered.
Science Signaling Podcast: 2 February 2010

This is a conversation with Tomoshige Kino about a Research Article published in the 2 February 2010 issue of Science Signaling.
Retention of Some Water-Soluble Vitamins During Home Preparation of Commercially Frozen Potato Products

The retention of several water-soluble vitamins during home preparation of commercially frozen potato products was investigated. Retention values were lowest with ascorbic acid and folic acid. Depending on the potato product and the method of home preparation these values ranged from 53–91%, and from 14–75% for ascrobic acid and folic acid, respectively. Thiamin retention values varied between total retention in pan-fried hashbrowns to 59% in pan-fried shoestring French fries. Niacin values were not affected by home preparation whereas in the case of vitamin B6 values ranged from total retention to 79% retention.
Inhibition by selenium of DNA and RNA synthesis in normal and malignant human cells in vitro

Several studies have demonstrated differences between normal and malignant cells in their sensitivity to various effects of selenite. We have compared the effect of selenite on DNA and RNA synthesis in two pairs of normal and malignant human cell lines. One pair of cells, CCL-210 (normal lung fibroblasts) and A549 (lung adenocarcinoma cells), exhibited a large difference in their sensitivity to selenite but no significant difference in their sensitivity to selenodiglutathione. They also had a large difference in the level of intracellular sulfhydryl (SH) compounds. In contrast the other pair of cells, WI-38 (normal fetal lung fibroblasts) and WI-38VA (SV-40 transformed WI-38 cells) both had low levels of intracellular SH compounds and exhibited similar (low) sensitivity to selenite. Our results indicate that differences between normal and malignant cells in their sensitivity to selenite could be due to a difference in the reaction of selenite with intracellular sulfhydryl compounds to form selenotrisulfides.
Collection development policies based on approval plans

(1989). Collection development policies based on approval plans. Library Acquisitions: Practice & Theory: Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 39-43.
Rigorous three-dimensional coupled-wave diffraction analysis of single and cascaded anisotropic gratings

The diffraction by one or an arbitrary number of cascaded anisotropic planar gratings with slanted fringes is analyzed by using rigorous three-dimensional vector coupled-wave theory. Arbitrary angle of incidence and polarization are treated. The existence of uniaxial external regions and the treatment of both phase and amplitude anisotropic slanted gratings are included in the analysis. The anisotropy and the three-dimensionality of the problem cause coupling between orthogonally polarized waves. The Bragg conditions for various combinations of ordinary (O) and extraordinary (E) polarized waves are quantified. Sample calculations are presented for single anisotropic gratings (a lithium niobate hologram in air and an interdigitated-electrode-induced electro-optic grating in an optical waveguide), for two cascaded anisotropic gratings (a pair of interdigitated-electrode-induced gratings satisfying the OOO forward Bragg condition, the EEE forward Bragg condition, and the OOO backward Bragg condition), and for multiple cascaded gratings (a lithium niobate hologram with depth modulation). The same analysis applies in the limiting cases of isotropic materials, a grating vector lying in the plane of incidence, etc. Applications for this analysis include optical storage, switching, modulation, deflection, and data processing.
Oxygen Requirements of Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis in Tomato Juice; Ability to Grow in Aseptic Packages

Tomato juice was inoculated with spores of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis, placed in jars sealed with four polymers: oriented polypropylene (OPP), low density polypropylene with 4.5% ethyl vinyl acetate (LDPE + EVA), polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC), and polyethylene teraphthalate (PET); used in aseptic packages, serving as lids, heated in a boiling water bath for 10 min, and incubated at 35°C for up to 100 days. B. subtilis and-B. licheniformis grew at the surface of the food when OPP and LDPE + EVA were used, which caused the pH to rise above 4.6 in 60 days and above 5.0 within 100 days. The oxygen partial pressures were 0.20 and 0.18 atm per day, and the oxygen permeation ratios were 5.64 and 0.76 cc/day for LDPE + EVA and OPP, respectively.
Sex inventories: can questionnaires replace erectile dysfunction testing?

Abstract Objectives. "Paper and pencil" sexual inventories are widely used by the pharmaceutical industry for categorizing the severity of erectile dysfunction (ED) and for efficacy end points of drug therapy. The International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) evaluates several domains of male sexual behavior: erection, orgasm, desire, and satisfaction. We compared the subjective IIEF score for erectile function with the severity and etiology of ED as determined by pharmacologic testing with prostaglandin E 1 (PGE 1 ) and color duplex Doppler ultrasound testing (penile blood flow study [PBFS]). Methods. Five questions from the IIEF that require the patient to quantify his erectile performance were compared with PBFS data. Examiners were unaware of IIEF scores during testing. PBFSs were performed after PGE 1 injection, privacy, and self-stimulation; dosing was 6 μg (50 to 59 years) or 10 μg (60 years or older). PBFS diagnoses were arterial insufficiency (AI) for peak systolic velocity (PSV) less than 25 cm/s; cavernous venous occlusive disease (CVOD) for PSV greater than 35 cm/s and resistive index (RI) less than 0.9; and mixed vascular erectile dysfunction for a PSV from 25 to 35 cm/s and RI less than 0.9. A normal vascular diagnosis required a PSV greater than 35 cm/s and an RI of 0.9 or greater. Visual ratings of the erectile responses without Doppler assessment (inadequate, adequate, or excellent) were also compared with the IIEF and Viagra Study Group criteria (Q3+4). Results. Eighty-nine patients underwent the complete evaluation. Eight patients (9%) were found to be normal vascularly (mean PSV 40.9 cm/s, mean RI 0.99). Thirty-four patients (38%) had AI (mean PSV 17.5, mean RI 0.74), 33 patients (37%) had mixed vascular ED (mean PSV 29.1, mean RI 0.80), and 14 patients (16%) had CVOD (mean PSV 45.9, mean RI 0.73). The mean IIEF score for the normal responders was 13.3; patients with AI, mixed vascular ED, and CVOD had mean IIEF scores of 6.9, 8.5, and 8.1, respectively. IIEF and Q3+4 values differed significantly between the normal and abnormal groups ( P P P Conclusions. IIEF scores did not statistically differentiate among the specific etiologies of ED as determined by evidence-based testing with PBFS. Furthermore, patients with normal results after testing with PGE 1 (10 μg or less) had surprisingly low self-ratings of erectile performance (13 of 25 points). For the primary caregiver, the IIEF may help in the taking of the male sexual history, but for the specialist, sexual inventory scores will not distinguish among the various etiologies of vascular ED and do not predict the results of pharmacologic testing.
EDP application mix selection using zero-one programming

The problem of selecting a data processing system and determining the set of applications to be performed by the chosen system is one which confronts more as well as smaller firms every year. The use of management science techniques in making these crucial decisions has been very limited. Some firms which can afford the relatively high cost of doing so have implemented simulation packages {10, 25} or written a custom simulation model to assist in the selection or modification of hardware and software systems. Occasionally, simulation is used to evaluate alternative data management schemes after the equipment has been chosen. In all such situations the application mix is taken as given. The firm which cannot or will not undertake such a heavy commitment of funds is left with traditional system evaluation aids such as benchmarks or subjective assessments. These methods are unrigourous and imprecise and, again, the application set is assumed fixed.
Exploring the Effect of Parathyroidectomy for Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism After Kidney Transplantation

Tertiary hyperparathyroidism (tHPT) usually regresses after renal transplantation. Persistent tHPT after successful renal transplantation may require parathyroidectomy (PTX). PTX has been reported to be associated with deterioration of renal function and graft survival. We retrospectively analyzed 794 kidney transplants performed at our center with at least 3 years of follow-up to examine the effect of PTX on the renal function and graft survival. Forty-nine of the 794 renal transplant recipients were diagnosed with hyperparathyroidism (HPT) before transplant. Nineteen of 49 patients had persistent tHPT and underwent PTX after kidney transplants. Patients with HPT and non-HPT had similar 3-year graft survival (88% versus 84%, P = 0.51). PTX was associated with a decreased glomerular filtration rate at 3 years (44.7 ± 20.0 versus 57.7 ± 23.7 mL/min, P = 0.04); however, there was no statistical difference in the 3-year graft survival (71% versus 88%, P = 0.06). PTX in renal transplant recipients seems to be a safe and effective therapy for persistent tHPT. PTX may be associated with worsening glomerular filtration rate, but it may not be associated with significantly decreased long-term graft survival.
Financial Capability in Children: Effects of Participation in a School-Based Financial Education and Savings Program

A groundswell of interest in young people’s ability to understand and handle financial decisions has generated keen interest in financial knowledge and effectiveness of financial education. This study examines an innovative four-year school-based financial education and savings program, called “I Can Save” (ICS). Using a quasi-experimental design, the study examines quantitative and qualitative data to analyze program effects on financial knowledge. Elementary school children who participated in ICS scored significantly higher on a financial literacy test taken in fourth grade than comparison group students in the same school, regardless of parent education and income. Results suggest that young children increase financial capability when they have access to financial education and it is accompanied by participation in meaningful financial services.
RADIOACTIVITY MEASURED IN ALASKAN NATIVES, 1962-1964

Measurements of the cesium-137 content of northern Alaskan natives during the summer of 1964 indicated that the adults of the interior village of Anaktuvuk Pass had the highest average body burden: 1280 nanocuries of cesium-137. This is an increase of 200 percent over the average body burden found in the summer of 1962 and 100 percent over that found in the summer of 1963. The greatest burden found in a native in 1964 was 2.4 microcuries of cesium-137, but the highest burden of all, 3.0 microcuries, was measured in a non-native living mainly on caribou meat. Sodium-22 was found in samples of urine from Eskimos, and subsequently in the Eskimos themselves and in reindeer and caribou meat.
Synthesis of Boltorn 1,2,3‐triazole dendrimers by click chemistry

Second-, third-, and fourth-generation hyperbranched aliphatic polyols namely Boltorn® H20, Boltorn H30, and Boltorn H40 were endcapped with azido and activated acetylenic groups in good to excellent yields (75–95%) following an acid catalyzed procedure. The resultant terminally functionalized dendritic azido and acetylenic groups undergo 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition using methyl (or ethyl) propiolate and benzyl azide, respectively, under catalytic or noncatalytic conditions below 40 °C to yield 1,2,3-triazole dendrimeric polymers in 82–95% yield, under extremely mild conditions that could be applied for compounds sensitive to acid, base, or heat. The dendritic azido and activated acetylenic derivatives may act as novel scaffolds to tune the mechanical properties of different polymers. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 3748–3756, 2009
Multiple spot phenomena of 2-PAM and metabolite on paper chromatograms.

Abstract The anticholinesterase alkylphosphate antagonist, 1-methyl-2-aldoximino-pyridinium ion (2-PAM), and its major metabolite, 1-methyl-2-cyanopyridinium ion, have been shown to posses different paper chromatographic properties, depending on the anion present. Each of these pyridinium cations in the presence of two or more different anions can elicit a multiple spot phenomenon.
Carbon–hydrogen bond strengths in methyl formate and the kinetics of the reaction with iodine

The gas phase reaction I2 + HCOOCH3 HI + CH3I + CO2 has been studied spectrophotometrically in a static system over the pressure ranges I2 (6–39 torr) and HCOOMe (28–360 torr). In the temperature range 293–356°, the initial rate of disappearance of I2 is first order in [HCOOMe] and half-order in [I2]. The rate determining step is where k1 is given by where θ = 2.303 RT in kcal/mole. This activation energy gives a carbonyl CH bond strength of 92.7 kcal/mole. At 356° there was no evidence of abstraction of a methoxy hydrogen, so a lower limit of 100 kcal/mole may be placed on this CH bond strength. These ester CH bond strengths are discussed in relation to comparable values in aldehydes and ethers.