cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Die Grenz-Plankostenrechnung im industriellen Rechnungswesen

Wenn im Rahmen dieser Festschrift uber die modernste Entwicklung im industriellen Rechnungswesen, die Grenz-Plankostenrechnung, berichtet wird, so sei dem Verfasser zunachst gestattet, darauf hinzuweisen, das die Plankostenrechnung nur ein Teil der umfassenderen betrieblichen Planungsrechnung ist, eine Rechnung, die teilweise eine andere Zielsetzung hat als das Rechnungswesen fruherer Jahre. Gedacht wird hier nicht an das Instrument einer staatlich gelenkten Planwirtschaft, sondern an eine umfassende, wirklichkeitsnahe und gezielte Planung uber alle Betriebsbereiche hinweg, die es gestattet, den ganzen Betrieb in jeder Arbeitsphase in der Hand zu haben und ihn wirtschaftlich sinnvoll zu steuern. Damit diese Planungsrechnung fur die Gegenwart und in noch starkerem Mase fur die Zukunft wirksam werden kann, mus sie so ausgelegt sein, das sie den wechselnden Anforderungen und Aufgaben, die ein pulsierender Industriebetrieb stellt, jederzeit gerecht werden kann.
Utility of the Pediatric Symptom Checklist for behavioral screening of disadvantaged children

Investigated the utility of a parent report measure designed specifically for behavior screening in the pediatric primary care setting for use with disadvantaged children and families. Results indicated that the Pediatric Symptom Checklist was significantly related to scores derived from the Child Behavior Checklist. Receiver Operator Characteristic analysis indicated the need for modification of the cutting score previously established with middle-class children. A model for screening children for psychopathology within the structural-organizational constraints of the pediatric primary care setting is presented.
Finite Volume Method

One major difference between the finite difference method (FDM) and the finite volume method (FVM) is that the FVM is based on the integral form of the governing equations instead of the differential form. In the FVM, this discretization is conducted over each control volume, which endows FVM with advantages of mass conservation and unstructured meshes. In this chapter, we will first introduce the integral form of the governing equation and show how to formulate this equation into the form for the discretization in the FVM. Then we will discuss the discretization process using a 2D example by including the boundary and initial conditions. Extensions from 2D to multidimensional problems will be made to allow for structured 3D and even more complicated meshes. In the practice problem section, the problem solved in the FDM chapter will be solved again with the FVM.
Open Educational Resources in Higher Education

Open Educational Resources (OERs) are changing the learning and teaching landscape in many different fields. In the area of higher education, OERs are swiftly becoming important elements in support of Open Educational Practices (OEPs) and the Open Education Movement. Research suggests that OERs and OEPs might be powerful vehicles for professional development, for teacher collaboration, and to enhance knowledge of technology in language pedagogy (Borthwick & Gallagher-Brett, 2014). Nonetheless, in spite of the increasing popularity of open education, little is known with regard to the production and use of OERs in languages other than English (Zancanaro & Amiel, 2017). This paper examines concepts, advantages and challenges related to Open Education and briefly reviews studies which discussed the production of OERs in languages other than English in higher education. The few studies addressing the development and use of OERs in languages other than English show that more research is needed to increase visibility of open education for less prominent languages and to support the Open Education Movement in higher education. DOI:10.2458/azu_itet_v6i1_berti
Faculty Views on International Students: A Survey Study

This article investigates perceptions of international students among faculty at a university in the United States. Based on data collected from a large-scale online survey (n=261), the study explores four issues: 1) faculty perceptions of international students’ positive attributes; 2) faculty perceptions of international students’ academic and social challenges; 3) faculty perceptions of their own challenges when teaching international students; and 4) statistically significant relationships between faculty views and their own background characteristics, including ethnicity, academic status, multilingual skills, birth place, and experience studying or living abroad. Results offer new insights on faculty beliefs and highlight key considerations in the hiring, training, and support of faculty to promote positive learning experiences for international students.
Strengthening the Electrodes for Li-Ion Batteries with a Porous Adhesive Interlayer through Dry-Spraying Manufacturing

The manufacturing technologies for electrodes have a great influence on the performance of Li-ion batteries. Manufacturing procedures largely determine the microstructure of electrodes, and thus af...
Delivery Room Management of a Preterm Infant

Abstract Resuscitation of a preterm infant requires a coordinated team effort. The ideal team contains a neonatologist, at least one nurse, and a respiratory therapist. The team should clearly delineate roles and assemble guidelines before delivery. Then, resuscitation should follow Neonatal Resuscitation Program guidelines as detailed in this chapter.
Stopping β-Blockers After Myocardial Infarction: Not So Fast!

See Article by Neumann et al For more than 3 decades, β-blockers have been the mainstay of medical treatment for patients with myocardial infarction (MI). By the mid-1980s, landmark studies by the Norwegian study group, the North American BHAT (Beta-Blocker Heart Attack Trial), and the ISIS-I (First International Study of Infarct Survival) had firmly established the ability of β-blockers to reduce mortality in MI.1 A meta-analysis by Freemantle et al1 of 82 randomized trials encompassing 54 234 MI patients found that β-blockers reduced the odds of death by 23% when used for longer than 6 months. Despite the overwhelming clinical importance in support of the use of β-blockers in reducing mortality, substantial underutilization persisted through the 1990s, such that only 1 in 2 ideal patients >65 years were prescribed therapy after hospitalization for an MI.2 These observations stimulated research to evaluate barriers of treatment, dispel misconceptions of β-blockers, and optimize treatment implementation. It also created a culture of ongoing quality improvement such that by the 2000s, the use of β-blockers after MI became so consistent that ongoing tracking as a quality indicator was no longer needed. Since the widespread adoption of β-blockers, there have been many advances in the treatment of MI such as dual antiplatelet therapy, statins, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, fibrinolytic therapy, and percutaneous coronary interventions. There have also been advances in the diagnostic ability of MI with the introduction of normal and high-sensitivity troponin assays that allow for identification of smaller infarctions. These factors have resulted in a substantial and progressive reduction in the risk of dying after an MI over the past several decades. This led investigators to question whether β-blockers, one of the earliest post-MI therapies, were still beneficial in this setting. Using data from the REACH registry (Reduction of Atherothrombosis for Continued Health), …
The effect of plant physiological responses to rising CO 2 on global streamflow

River flow statistics are expected to change as a result of increasing atmospheric CO2 but uncertainty in Earth system model projections is high. While this is partly driven by changing precipitation, with well-known Earth system model uncertainties, here we show that the influence of plant stomatal conductance feedbacks can cause equally large changes in regional flood extremes and even act as the main control on future low latitude streamflow. Over most tropical land masses, modern climate predictions suggest that plant physiological effects will boost streamflow, overwhelming opposing effects of soil drying driven by the effects of CO2 on atmospheric radiation, warming and rainfall redistribution. The relatively unknown uncertainties in representing eco-physiological processes must therefore be better constrained in land-surface models. To this end, we identify a distinct plant physiological fingerprint on annual peak, low and mean discharge throughout the tropics and identify river basins where physiological responses dominate radiative responses to rising CO2 in modern climate projections. Climate change is expected to impact river flows. Here, it is shown that plant physiological responses to increased CO2, rather than atmospheric changes, are the primary drivers of mean, peak and low flows throughout the tropics.
Creative Problem Solving in Art Therapy : An Overview of Benefits to Promote Resilience

Since its inception, the practice of art therapy has been shown to promote resilience in children. Recent neuroscientific research has better explained how and why art therapy strengthens the adaptive responses to adversity. Observations of clinical practice link early concepts of art therapy to expanding advances in neuroscience in a framework for the mechanisms that interdependently support creative problem solving and resilience. Creative problem solving is both a protective factor and an adaptive response in the pursuit of resilience. As a conduit for accessing and mitigating conflicted memories and affect, visual expression can organize cognitions and memories. The attuned relationship with the art therapist aids in the mirroring and repair of disruptions in attachment, and the rewards gained from engagement in art-making lead to both pleasure and mastery. Taken together, these mechanisms support creative problem solving: a theoretical construct of art therapy’s promotion of resilience.
Definitie en verschil tussen zelfverwonding en suïcide

Laat een ding meteen duidelijk zijn: zelfverwonding is een raadselachtig verschijnsel. Het onderscheidt zich in veel opzichten van suicide en moet ook verschillend worden behandeld. Tegelijkertijd is zelfverwonding een belangrijke risicofactor voor suicidepogingen. In dit hoofdstuk geef ik een definitie van zelfverwonding en onderscheid ik zelfverwonding van suicidaal gedrag. In het volgende hoofdstuk bespreek ik zelfverwonding als risicofactor voor suicidepogingen en geef ik specifieke suggesties om deze meest extreme vorm van zelfdestructie te voorkomen.
Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is a cancer of lymphocytes. Most non-Hodgkin lymphomas are of mature B-cell lineage, but T-cell and NK-cell lymphomas exist as well. Lymphomas most commonly involve the lymph nodes, but they commonly involve the blood and bone marrow as leukemias, and other body sites are often involved as well. Lymphomas are classified according to the 2008 World Health Organization classification scheme, which relies on immunological and genetic characteristics along with microscopic appearance for classification. Treatment depends on the proliferation rate of the lymphoma as well as the cell lineage and amount of body involvement. Treatment of lymphoma is frequently successful, but new therapies are being developed to treat lymphomas that are resistant to standard therapies.
Factor Graphs: Exploiting Structure in Robotics

Many estimation, planning, and optimal control problems in robotics have an optimization problem at their core. In most of these optimization problems, the objective to be maximized or minimized is...
Pharmacist-Led Mobile Health Intervention and Transplant Medication Safety: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.

Background and objectives Medication safety events are predominant contributors to suboptimal graft outcomes in kidney transplant recipients. The goal of this study was to examine the efficacy of improving medication safety through a pharmacist-led, mobile health–based intervention. Design, setting, participants, & measurements This was a 12-month, single-center, prospective, parallel, two-arm, single-blind, randomized controlled trial. Adult kidney recipients 6–36 months post-transplant were eligible. Participants randomized to intervention received supplemental clinical pharmacist–led medication therapy monitoring and management via a mobile health–based application, integrated with risk-guided televisits and home-based BP and glucose monitoring. The application provided an accurate medication regimen, timely reminders, and side effect surveys. Both the control and intervention arms received usual care, including serial laboratory monitoring and regular clinic visits. The coprimary outcomes were to assess the incidence and severity of medication errors and adverse events. Results In total, 136 kidney transplant recipients were included, 68 in each arm. The mean age was 51 years, 57% were male, and 64% were Black individuals. Participants receiving the intervention experienced a significant reduction in medication errors (61% reduction in the risk rate; incident risk ratio, 0.39; 95% confidence interval, 0.28 to 0.55; P Conclusions We demonstrated a significant reduction in medication errors, adverse events, and hospitalizations using a pharmacist-led, mobile health–based intervention.
Online estimation of battery model parameters and state of health in electric and hybrid aircraft application

Abstract The accuracy of state of health (SOH) estimation function in battery management systems is an essential factor for ensuring the safety and reliability of battery systems in electric aircraft. Most common SOH estimation approaches are model-based and work with constant model parameters. However, the model parameters vary by the change in operating temperature and state of charge (SOC). The variation of model parameters has adverse impact on the accuracy of battery state's estimation if they are not updated. In this paper, an accurate online parameter estimation method is proposed for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) to increase the accuracy of the battery model. A more accurate model for the battery leads to a more accurate SOC and SOH estimation. An adaptive sliding observer is developed to estimate the SOC and capacity based on the proposed parameter estimator. An adaptive SOH estimation scheme is proposed to mitigate the temperature variation effect on the accuracy of the SOH estimation. The experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed parameter estimator along with the adaptive sliding observer on achieving accurate estimation of SOC and capacity. The proposed adaptive SOH shows good agreement with experiments by less than 1.3% estimation error at different operating temperature conditions.
Application-specific thermodynamic favorability zones for direct air capture of carbon dioxide.

An increased interest in the capture and conversion of carbon dioxide into valuable chemical products is fueled by impending societal and ecological consequences of increasing CO2 concentration in the atmosphere. This work utilizes Lackner's thermodynamic calculations for the capture of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere based on a single sorbent approximation to map thermodynamic favorability zones compatible with various applications. When a minimal amount of CO2 is removed from the air stream, −4.64 kcal mol−1 is estimated as the maximum free energy of binding for sorption to occur in atmospheric conditions at 1 atm pressure and room temperature. When complete scrubbing of CO2 from a dilute source is desired, a more negative free energy of sorption is needed, with an estimated −10.92 kcal mol−1 required for close to complete CO2 removal from the stream.
Genomic regions associated with Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae presence in nasal secretions of domestic sheep

Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae contributes to polymicrobial pneumonia in domestic sheep. Elucidation of host genetic components to M. ovipneumoniae nasal detection would have the potential to reduce the incidence of pneumonia. Nasal mucosal secretions were collected from 647 sheep from a large US sheep flock. Ewes of three breeds (Polypay n=222, Rambouillet n=321, and Suffolk n=104) ranging in age from one to seven years, were sampled at three different times of the production cycle (February, April, and September/October) over four years (2015 to 2018). The presence and quantity of M. ovipneumoniae was determined using a species-specific qPCR with 3 to 10 sampling times per sheep. Breed (P<0.001), age (P<0.024), sampling time (P<0.001), and year (P<0.001) of collection affected log10 transformed M. ovipneumoniae DNA copy number, where Rambouillet had the lowest (P<0.0001) compared with both Polypay and Suffolk demonstrating a possible genetic component to detection. Samples from yearlings, April, and 2018 had the highest (P<0.046) detected DNA copy number mean. Sheep genomic DNA was genotyped with the Illumina OvineHD BeadChip. Principal component analysis identified most of the variation in the dataset was associated with breed. Therefore, genome wide association analysis was conducted with a mixed model (EMMAX), with principle components 1 to 6 as fixed and a kinship matrix as random effects. Genome-wide significant (P<9x10-8) SNPs were identified on chromosomes 6 and 7 in the all-breed analysis. Individual breed analysis had genome-wide significant (P<9x10-8) SNPs on chromosomes 3, 4, 7, 9, 10, 15, 17, and 22. Annotated genes near these SNPs are part of immune (ANAPC7, CUL5, TMEM229B, PTPN13), gene translation (PIWIL4), and chromatin organization (KDM2B) pathways. Immune genes are expected to have increased expression when leukocytes encounter M. ovipneumoniae which would lead to chromatin reorganization. Work is underway to narrow the range of these associated regions to identify the underlying causal mutations.
Conceptualizing Consciousness as Arousal+Awareness – Historical Parallels from Indian Philosophy (P4.9-047)

Objective: We describe the understanding of consciousness in the works of the 11th century Indian Tantric philosopher Abhinavagupta, which strongly resembled the contemporary clinical classification of consciousness into two axes (of Arousal and Awareness). Background: Neurologists have been using the two-axis model to study disorders of consciousness for several decades. Arousal is the aspect that is present in wakefulness and reduced in sleep. Awareness refers to the “content” of consciousness – this might take visual, auditory, olfactory or other forms. Intriguingly, Abhinavagupta used similar terminology to describe consciousness in his works, such as the Tantrasara and the Paratrisika Vivarana. His Tantric philosophy held that consciousness was not opposed to matter, and thus contrasted with the Mind-Body dualism common in early modern Europe. Design/Methods: NA Results: For Abhinavagupta, consciousness was twofold - composed of (a) Prakasha (Light), and (b) Vimarsha (Reflection). Prakasha, the Light of consciousness, is described as the unchanging ground of everything, indivisible and changeless. He compares it to a smooth, polished mirror, in which all phenomena and objects appear as reflections. Vimarsha, or Reflection, is described as the phenomenon by which the Light of consciousness becomes aware of everything in the universe. Vimarsha can be of various objects, events or emotions. Thus, Prakasha parallels the modern concept of Arousal – without Arousal, there can be no consciousness, as in comatose patients. Vimarsha parallels the concept of Awareness - it cannot exist without Arousal, it can be of various objects or phenomena, and may combine them in various ways. In conditions like the Vegetative State, there can be Arousal with only limited Awareness. Conclusions: Abhinavagupta’s investigation of consciousness is part of the history of world neurology, and his twofold classification bore similarities to modern models. At this time, we assume that these similarities were a result of parallel evolution, but further investigation would be of interest. Disclosure: Dr. Venkatraman has nothing to disclose. Dr. Timalsina has nothing to disclose. Dr. Opal has nothing to disclose.
tidyMicro: a pipeline for microbiome data analysis and visualization using the tidyverse in R

The drive to understand how microbial communities interact with their environments has inspired innovations across many fields. The data generated from sequence-based analyses of microbial communities typically are of high dimensionality and can involve multiple data tables consisting of taxonomic or functional gene/pathway counts. Merging multiple high dimensional tables with study-related metadata can be challenging. Existing microbiome pipelines available in R have created their own data structures to manage this problem. However, these data structures may be unfamiliar to analysts new to microbiome data or R and do not allow for deviations from internal workflows. Existing analysis tools also focus primarily on community-level analyses and exploratory visualizations, as opposed to analyses of individual taxa. We developed the R package “tidyMicro” to serve as a more complete microbiome analysis pipeline. This open source software provides all of the essential tools available in other popular packages (e.g., management of sequence count tables, standard exploratory visualizations, and diversity inference tools) supplemented with multiple options for regression modelling (e.g., negative binomial, beta binomial, and/or rank based testing) and novel visualizations to improve interpretability (e.g., Rocky Mountain plots, longitudinal ordination plots). This comprehensive pipeline for microbiome analysis also maintains data structures familiar to R users to improve analysts’ control over workflow. A complete vignette is provided to aid new users in analysis workflow. tidyMicro provides a reliable alternative to popular microbiome analysis packages in R. We provide standard tools as well as novel extensions on standard analyses to improve interpretability results while maintaining object malleability to encourage open source collaboration. The simple examples and full workflow from the package are reproducible and applicable to external data sets.
The Relationship Rights of Children

Introduction 1. Why rights for children? 2. The existing relationship rights of children 3. Paradigmatic relationship rights 4. Why adults have the relationship rights they do 5. Extending the theoretical underpinnings of relationship rights to children 6. Rebutting defenses of the status quo 7. Implementing children's moral rights in law 8. Applications Appendix Notes.
Growth of Tube‐Like B‐N Compounds by Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD)

Boron rich tube-like B-N compounds are grown on Si (100) substrates using cobalt catalyst, diborane, and nitrogen by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The diameters of these nanotubes are up to hundreds of nanometers with lengths up to microns. In-situ mass-spectroscopy of the gaseous phase is used to identify the chemical reactants and products during CVD. The nanotubes are characterized by ESEM (Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope), Raman spectroscopy, and XPS (x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy). A diffusion-saturation-precipitation mechanism is proposed for tubular structure growth.
mRNAs and Protein Synthetic Machinery Localize into Regenerating Spinal Cord Axons When They Are Provided a Substrate That Supports Growth

Although intra-axonal protein synthesis is well recognized in cultured neurons and during development in vivo , there have been few reports of mRNA localization and/or intra-axonal translation in mature CNS axons. Indeed, previous work indicated that mature CNS axons contain much lower quantities of translational machinery than PNS axons, leading to the conclusion that the capacity for intra-axonal protein synthesis is linked to the intrinsic capacity of a neuron for regeneration, with mature CNS neurons showing much less growth after injury than PNS neurons. However, when regeneration by CNS axons is facilitated, it is not known whether the intra-axonal content of translational machinery changes or whether mRNAs localize into these axons. Here, we have used a peripheral nerve segment grafted into the transected spinal cord of adult rats as a supportive environment for regeneration by ascending spinal axons. By quantitative fluorescent in situ hybridization combined with immunofluorescence to unambiguously distinguish intra-axonal mRNAs, we show that regenerating spinal cord axons contain β -actin , GAP-43 , Neuritin , Reg3a , Hamp , and Importin β 1 mRNAs. These axons also contain 5S rRNA, phosphorylated S6 ribosomal protein, eIF2α translation factor, and 4EBP1 translation factor inhibitory protein. Different levels of these mRNAs in CNS axons from regenerating PNS axons may relate to differences in the growth capacity of these neurons, although the presence of mRNA transport and likely local translation in both CNS and PNS neurons suggests an active role in the regenerative process. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Although peripheral nerve axons retain the capacity to locally synthesize proteins into adulthood, previous studies have argued that mature brain and spinal cord axons cannot synthesize proteins. Protein synthesis in peripheral nerve axons is increased during regeneration, and intra-axonally synthesized proteins have been shown to contribute to nerve regeneration. Here, we show that mRNAs and translational machinery are transported into axons regenerating from the spinal cord into the permissive environment of a peripheral nerve graft. Our data raise the possibility that spinal cord axons may make use of localized protein synthesis for regeneration.
Modified parainguinal approach for cystic calculus removal in five equids

This report describes a modification of the parainguinal approach for removal of cystic calculi: a ventral midline laparotomy-guided parainguinal laparocystotomy. The ventral midline approach to the abdomen is rapid and routinely used by equine surgeons. With an arm introduced to the abdomen via the ventral midline, the surgeon is able to select the ideal parainguinal laparotomy incision location that allows bladder exteriorisation with the minimum amount of tension. Because the surgeon's hand is introduced via the ventral midline incision, the parainguinal incision can be sized to just allow exteriorisation of the urinary bladder and urolith, increasing extra-abdominal bladder security during cystotomy while reducing incision size in the parainguinal region. Finally, an assistant's hand via the ventral midline incision can maintain bladder stability within the parainguinal incision during cystotomy closure.
Optical filters for object detection and filter fusion to reduce false alarms

Summary form only given. The first steps in general scene analysis are detection of candidate regions of interest where objects may exist and the reduction of noise, clutter and false alarms. New algorithms to achieve these objectives are described. Initial test results will be given in the presentation. New optical correlator hardware can provide up to 1000 correlations per second. If this hardware is to be of general image processing use, it must be able to achieve different functions necessary in the different levels of computer vision.
In search of a candidate pathogen for giant cell arteritis: sequencing-based characterization of the giant cell arteritis microbiome.

Objective To characterize the microbiome of the temporal artery in patients with giant cell arteritis (GCA), and to apply an unbiased and comprehensive shotgun sequencing-based approach to determine whether there is an enrichment of candidate pathogens in the affected tissue. Methods Temporal artery biopsy specimens were collected from patients at a single institution over a period of 4 years, and unbiased DNA sequencing was performed on 17 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens. Twelve of the 17 patients fulfilled the clinical and histopathologic criteria for GCA, and the other 5 patients served as controls. Using PathSeq software, human DNA sequences were computationally subtracted, and the remaining non-human DNA sequences were taxonomically classified using a comprehensive microbial sequence database. The relative abundance of microbes was inferred based on read counts assigned to each organism. Comparison of the microbial diversity between GCA cases and controls was carried out using hierarchical clustering and linear discriminant analysis of effect size. Results Propionibacterium acnes and Escherichia coli were the most abundant microorganisms in 16 of the 17 samples, and Moraxella catarrhalis was the most abundant organism in 1 control sample. Pathogens previously described to be correlated with GCA were not differentially abundant in cases compared to controls. There was not a significant burden of likely pathogenic viruses. Conclusion DNA sequencing of temporal artery biopsy specimens from GCA cases, in comparison with non-GCA controls, showed no evidence of previously identified candidate GCA pathogens. A single pathogen was not clearly and consistently associated with GCA in this case series.
The Morphological Stability of Continuous Intergranular Phases

The morphological instability of continuous phases has received considerable attention subsequent to the first complete analysis of such phenomena by Rayleigh in 1878. As Rayleigh remarked, “[these] phenomena, interesting not only in themselves, but also as throwing light upon others yet more obscure, depend for their explanation upon the transformations undergone by a [cylindrical body] when slightly displaced from its equilibrium configuration and left to itself.”2 The well known result of the Rayleigh analysis is that any infinitesimal periodic perturbation with a wavelength exceeding the (cylinder) circumference will increase in amplitude, and eventually cause the formation of one discrete particle for each wavelength increment of cylinder.
A fundamental relationship between fairness and optimum throughput in TDMA protocols

A general relationship is established between fairness and throughput in TDMA protocols. We prove the fundamental result that, under quite general conditions, fairness and optimum throughput imply each other in TDMA protocols, in the sense that if one of them holds then the other is automatically guaranteed to hold. The result has the important practical consequence that in cases when packet loss is characterized by a loss function, satisfying certain natural properties, it is enough to guarantee fairness to automatically obtain a guaranteed maximum throughput. Or, conversely, maximum throughput will automatically lead to fairness.
Fragility Analysis of Highway Bridges Based on Long-Term Monitoring Data

This article describes how fragility curves are used to represent the vulnerability of a bridge in seismic regions of highway transportation networks. Because these networks have hundreds or thousands of bridges, it is impossible to study each individual bridge, so bridges with similar properties are grouped together and are represented by the same fragility curve. However, this approach may be inadequate at times for different reasons because bridges with similar geometrical and material properties could have different ages and could deteriorate at different rates. Moreover, certain bridges are unique such as a cable stayed bridge or a suspension bridge. Fragility curves are calculated based not only on the geometry and material properties, but also on vibration data recorded by a structural health monitoring system. The fragility curves are used to track changes of the structural parameters of a bridge throughout its service life. Based on vibration data the fragility curves are updated reflecting a change in structural parameters. Fragility curves based on vibration data, whenever these are available, represent the vulnerability of a bridge with greater accuracy than fragility curves based only on the geometry and material properties. This article demonstrates the applicability of structural health monitoring to generate more reliable fragility curves. This is useful not only for bridges that are unique, which are usually the first to be instrumented, but for every instrumented bridge as well.
An evaluation of benthic nutrient regeneration in a projected flood control impoundment

Abstract A flood control impoundment, which would also serve as a recreational facility, was proposed as part of the Upper Quaboag River watershed in western Massachusetts. To predict the impact exerted by a muck substrate on water quality and recreational benefits, a physical model was constructed in the laboratory. From the experiment, it was determined that the rate of nutrient release across the mud‐water interface was sufficient to encourage algal blooms, restrict secondary productivity, and thereby limit the use of the proposed impoundment for recreational purposes.
A-NEONATAL STATUS SCORE OF TRANSPORTED NEWBORNS AS A PREDICTOR OF TERM MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY

A-NEONATAL STATUS SCORE OF TRANSPORTED NEWBORNS AS A PREDICTOR OF TERM MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY
Pharmacogenetic interactions between beta-blocker therapy and the angiotensin-converting enzyme deletion polymorphism in patients with congestive heart failure.

Background —Activation of the renin-angiotensin and sympathetic nervous systems adversely affect heart failure progression. The ACE deletion allele ( ACE D ) is associated with increased renin-angiotensin activation; however, its influence on patient outcomes remains uncertain, and the pharmacogenetic interactions with β-blocker therapy have not been previously evaluated. Methods and Results —We prospectively followed 328 patients (age, 56.1±11.9 years) with systolic dysfunction (left ventricular ejection fraction, 0.24±0.08) to assess the impact of the ACE D allele on transplant-free survival (median follow-up, 21 months). Transplant-free survival was compared by genotype for the whole cohort and separately in patients with (n=120) and those without β-blocker therapy (n=208) at the time of entry. Transplant-free survival was significantly poorer for patients with the D allele (1-year percent survival II/ID/DD =94/77/75; 2-year=78/65/60; ordered log-rank test, P =0.044). In patients not treated with β-blockers, the adverse impact of ACE D allele was dramatically increased (1-year percent survival II/ID/DD =95/75/67; 2-year=81/61/48; P =0.005). In contrast, in patients receiving β-blocker therapy, no influence of ACE genotype on transplant-free survival was evident (1-year percent survival II/ID/DD =91/80/86; 2-year=70/71/77; P =0.73). Conclusions —In a cohort of patients with systolic dysfunction, the ACE D allele was associated with a significantly poorer transplant-free survival. This effect was primarily evident in patients not treated with β-blockers and was not seen in patients receiving therapy. These findings suggest a potential pharmacogenetic interaction between the ACE D/I polymorphism and therapy with β-blockers in the determination of heart failure survival.
Effect of dietary carbohydrate and monensin on expression of gluconeogenic enzymes in liver of transition dairy cows

Thirty-four multiparous Holstein cows were used in a randomized block design to evaluate the effects of feeding nonforage fiber sources (NFFS), monensin, or their combination on expression of gluconeogenic enzymes in the liver during the transition to lactation. The addition of 0 or 300 mg/d of monensin to a conventional (CONV) or NFFS prepartum diet was evaluated in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. The NFFS diet was formulated by replacing 30% of the forage component of the CONV diet with cottonseed hulls and soyhulls. The CONV and NFFS basal diets were fed at dry-off and continued through parturition. Monensin was fed from -28 d relative to calving (DRTC) through parturition. At calving, all cows were placed on the same diet. Liver biopsy samples obtained at -28, -14, +1, +14, and +28 DRTC were used to determine pyruvate carboxylase (PC) and cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK-C) mRNA expression. Feeding NFFS resulted in greater (P < 0.05) prepartum DMI compared with the CONV diet. There was no effect of prepartum diets on postpartum DMI or average milk production to 56 d of lactation. Expression of PC mRNA was elevated (P < 0.05) at 1 d postpartum, but there was no effect of NFFS or monensin on PC mRNA abundance. Expression of PEPCK-C mRNA at calving was increased (P < 0.05) with prepartum monensin feeding. The data indicate that feeding monensin to transition cows induces hepatic PEPCK-C mRNA expression before calving. The increased expression of hepatic PEPCK-C mRNA with monensin feeding suggests a feed-forward mechanism of metabolic control in ruminants that links molecular control of gluconeogenesis with the profile of rumen fermentation end products.
The Emotional Stroop Task and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: a Meta-Analysis

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with significant impairment and lowered quality of life. The emotional Stroop task (EST) has been one means of elucidating some of the core deficits in PTSD, but this literature has remained inconsistent. We conducted a meta-analysis of EST studies in PTSD populations in order to synthesize this body of research. Twenty-six studies were included with 538 PTSD participants, 254 non-trauma exposed control participants (NTC), and 276 trauma exposed control participants (TC). PTSD-relevant words impaired EST performance more among PTSD groups and TC groups compared to NTC groups. PTSD groups and TC groups did not differ. When examining within-subject effect sizes, PTSD-relevant words and generally threatening words impaired EST performance relative to neutral words among PTSD groups, and only PTSD-relevant words impaired performance among the TC groups. These patterns were not found among the NTC groups. Moderator analyses suggested that these effects were significantly greater in blocked designs compared to randomized designs, toward unmasked compared to masked stimuli, and among samples exposed to assaultive traumas compared to samples exposed to non-assaultive traumas. Theoretical and clinical implications are discussed.
Determination of ambient aerosol sulfur using a continuous flame photometric detection system. I. Sampling system for aerosol sulfate and sulfuric acid

A system for measurement of ambient levels of aerosol sulfur using a flame photometric sulfur analyzer (FPD) with a heated denuder for SO2 removal has been developed. Cyclic addition of ammonia permits discrimination between sulfuric acid and other sulfate aerosols. The effects of changes in ambient water vapor concentration and barometric pressure on the FPD sulfur response have been quantitatively evaluated, and it is shown that other environmental effects on sulfur response may be eliminated by frequent and proper zeroing. Calibration plots and ambient data are presented which demonstrate the specificity and sensitivity of the system to < 1.0 ppb aerosol sulfur.
Treatment of early Parkinson's disease. Part 1.

The management of early Parkinson’s disease (PD) involves the treatment of motor symptoms and, increasingly, non-motor symptoms. Given the fast pace of clinical research in PD, clinicians are faced wi
Spherical minimax location problem using the euclidean norm: formulation and optimization

The minimax spherical location problem is formulated in the Cartesian coordinate system using the Euclidean norm, instead of the spherical coordinate system using spherical arc distance measures. It is shown that minimizing the maximum of the spherical arc distances between the facility point and the demand points on a sphere is equivalent to minimizing the maximum of the corresponding Euclidean distances. The problem formulation in this manner helps to reduce Karush-Kuhn-Tucker necessary optimality conditions into the form of a set of coupled nonlinear equations, which is solved numerically by using a method of factored secant update with a finite difference approximation to the Jacobian. For a special case when the set of demand points is on a hemisphere and one or more point-antipodal point pair(s) are included in the demand points, a simplified approach gives a minimax point in a closed form.
Changing the metal ion selectivity of rabbit muscle enolase by mutagenesis: effects of the G37A and G41A mutations.

Abstract During the reaction catalyzed by enolase, a mobile loop, residues 36–45, closes over the active site. In order to probe the role of this loop movement in catalysis, the glycines at positions 37 and 41 of rabbit muscle enolase (ββ) have been mutated to alanines. The mutant forms–G37A and G41A–of enolase are both active, but have altered selectivity for divalent cations. G37A, when assayed with Mg2+, has 12% the activity of the wild type. However, it is twice as active as wild type when assayed with Mn2+, Zn2+, or Co2+. G41A has 4% the activity of the wild type with Mg2+, is more active than wild type with Co2+, and slightly less active than wild type with Mn2+ and Zn2+. The kinetic isotope effect for both mutants is greater than that of the wild type with all 4 divalent cations. These results indicate that the flexibility of this loop has subtle effects on catalytic activity.
The USF Proteins Regulate Transcription of the Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Receptor but Are Insufficient for Cell- Specific Expression

Expression of the FSH receptor (FSHR) is limited to granulosa cells of the ovary and Sertoli cells of the testis. Previous studies showed that an E box in the proximal promoter of the FSHR gene is required for transcription and that the predominant E box binding proteins are the ubiquitous transcription factors, upstream stimulatory factor 1 (USF1) and USF2. Through cotransfection analysis, we have shown that both wild-type and dominant negative forms of the USF proteins regulate the rat FSHR promoter and that transcriptional activation of FSHR required several domains within the amino-terminal portion of the USF proteins. Analysis of the FSHR promoter region using in vivo genomic footprinting indicated that the E box is occupied by proteins in Sertoli cells but not in cells that fail to express the receptor, despite the presence of the USF proteins. To help delineate the regions of the rat FSHR gene required for correct spatial and temporal expression, transgenic mice harboring two constructs containing variable amounts of 5'-flanking sequence (5,000 bp and 100 bp) were generated. Examination of 16 different transgenic lines revealed varied transgene expression profiles with multiple lines having different amounts of ectopic expression and two lines failing to express the transgene. In addition, little or no expression was observed in Sertoli cells. These studies indicate that additional regulatory sequences outside the region from -5,000 to +123 bp are needed for proper expression in Sertoli cells.
Posttraumatic Growth in Treatment-seeking Female Assault Victims

The importance of measuring growth outcomes following a traumatic event has been highlighted in recent literature (e.g., Linley, Joseph: Journal of Traumatic Stress 17:11-21, 2004). Although reports of growth are abundant, the relationship between growth outcomes and post-trauma distress remains unclear, with studies yielding conflicting results regarding this relationship. The purpose of the present study was to explore the interrelationships among growth outcomes and measures of depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among 100 female treatment-seeking physical and sexual assault victims. Although the majority of women reported some degree of growth in this study, and growth scores were comparable to those from other samples, measures of depression and PTSD were not significantly related to growth scores. The implication of these findings and future direction for research are discussed.
Lymphoblastic lymphoma with histiocytic phagocytosis ("starry sky" appearance) in adults. Guide to prognosis.

Initial biopsies of cervical, supraclavicular and axillary lymph nodes from 185 adults with lymphoma who did not have the anatomical distribution of Burkitt's lymphoma were reviewed. All patients were seen at the Mayo Clinic between 1952 and 1964. A “starry sky” appearance (marked histiocytic phagocytosis) was present in 18% of the 85 immature (lymphoblastic) lymphomas but was absent in the 100 mature (lymphocytic) lymphomas, while moderate phagocytosis was noted in 19% of the former and only 9% of the latter. In the group with lymphoblastic lymphoma no patients exhibiting marked phagocytosis survived 5 years; 12% of the patients who had moderate phagocytosis survived 5 years as did 31% of the patients who had no evident phagocytic activity in their tumors. The presence and degree of histiocytic phagocytosis are ancillary clues to prognosis in adult patients with lymphoblastic lymphoma.
Vegetation re-establishment on a hardwood forest site denuded by brine

Abstract Brine from active oil wells seeped through the soil of a forested site in north-western Pennsylvania and killed all vegetation in its path, leaving the affected area unproductive and unsightly. After the brine source was eliminated, herbaceous plants, shrubs and forest tree seedlings became established and developed rapidly. Establishment began in the first year and by Year 4 the site had developed into a healthy young forest. Results show that Allegheny hardwood forest sites damaged by brine water will rapidly revegetate once the brine discharge is stopped if there is a seed supply and if the area is fenced to exclude deer.
An ABA inducible WRKY gene integrates responses of creosote bush (Larrea tridentata) to elevated CO2 and abiotic stresses

Abstract The physiological and molecular responses of Larrea tridentata , an evergreen desert shrub, to elevated CO 2 , and abiotic stresses were examined to enhance our understanding of the crosstalk of hormones, stresses, and elevated CO 2 in signaling. Under nonlimiting conditions of water and nutrients, elevated CO 2 increased both ABA and starch concentrations in leaves by two-fold. Combinations of elevated CO 2 and water deficit treatments further increased the concentrations of ABA, but not starch. A transcription factor, LtWRKY21, was cloned from Larrea tridentata to address questions regarding crosstalk at the molecular level. The expression of LtWRKY21 was enhanced by elevated CO 2 , water deficit, high salinity, and wounding. In addition, ABA, jasmonic acid (JA), and glucose induced the expression of LtWRKY21 . However, cold and heat treatments decreased the wounding-induced LtWRKY21 mRNA level. Transient expression of LtWRKY21 suggests that this transcription factor acts as an activator of ABA signaling and as a repressor of gibberellin (GA) signaling. These results suggest that LtWRKY21 might function as a key regulator of signaling networks in Larrea tridentata .
Repetition and Emotive Communication in Music Versus Speech

Music and speech are often placed alongside one another as comparative cases. Their relative overlaps and disassociations have been well explored (e.g. Patel, 2010). But one key attribute distinguishing these two domains has often been overlooked: the greater preponderance of repetition in music in comparison to speech. Recent fMRI studies have shown that familiarity – achieved through repetition – is a critical component of emotional engagement with music (Pereira et al., 2011). If repetition is fundamental to emotional responses to music, and repetition is a key distinguisher between the domains of music and speech, then close examination of the phenomenon of repetition might help clarify the ways that music elicits emotion differently than speech.