cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Perceptual and motor attribute ratings for 559 object concepts

To understand how and when object knowledge influences the neural underpinnings of language comprehension and linguistic behavior, it is critical to determine the specific kinds of knowledge that people have. To extend the normative data currently available, we report a relatively more comprehensive set of object attribute rating norms for 559 concrete object nouns, each rated on seven attributes corresponding to sensory and motor modalities-color, motion, sound, smell, taste, graspability, and pain-in addition to familiarity (376 raters, M = 23 raters per item). The mean ratings were subjected to principal-components analysis, revealing two primary dimensions plausibly interpreted as relating to survival. We demonstrate the utility of these ratings in accounting for lexical and semantic decision latencies. These ratings should prove useful for the design and interpretation of experimental tests of conceptual and perceptual object processing.
Resistance or Disconnection? A Relational-Cultural Approach to Supervisee Anxiety and Nondisclosure

Supervisee anxiety and resistance have long presented counselor supervisors with a dilemma in supporting the professional growth and client care of their supervisees. With a more contemporary and cultural perspective, relational-cultural theory (RCT) offers a relational approach for reframing supervisee anxiety and resistance of counselors-in-training and enhancing supervisory collaboration. RCT upholds the centrality of relationships as the key to growth and well-being. Through an RCT lens, supervisee anxiety and nondisclosure represent disconnections that can be overcome with mutual empathy, relational authenticity, and mutual empowerment. Applications of these RCT building blocks to supervision are described and illustrate the importance of connection for mutual professional growth by supervisee and supervisor.
Armed with expertise. The militarization of American social research during the Cold War

In 1956 the Office of the Chief of Psychological Warfare established a new institution, the Special Operations Research Office (SORO), in order to provide the armed services with access to social-s...
Transmural heterogeneity of norepinephrine uptake in failing human hearts.

Objectives. The aim of this study was to determine whether regional heterogeneity in myocardial sympathetic neural function measured by the uptake of norepinephrine could account for the spatial heterogeneity of beta-adrencrgic receptor down-regulation that occurs in the failing human heart. Background. Myocardial beta-adrenergic receptor density and function are diminished in patients with chronic heart failure. Down-regulation occurs predominantly in the subendocardium, suggesting that local rather than systemic alterations in sympathetic neural function may be responsible. Although some studies have implicated hypofunction of cardiac sympathetic nerves with defective norepinephrine uptake, others suggest increased cardiac sympathetic nerve activity with unimpaired uptake. Methods. We measured norepinephrine uptake by incubating transmural slices of the left ventricle from 19 patients who had chronic heart failure and three nonfailing control hearts with [3H]norepinephrine with or without desipramine, a neuronal uptake blocker. The density of uptake sites was measured in subepicardial and subendocardial myocyte regions with light microscopic autoradiography. Results. Although the amount of [3H]norepinephrine uptake varied considerably in failing ventricles, uptake was directly proportional (r = 0.46, p < 0.05) to beta1-adrenergic receptor density measured in additional slices with radioligand binding assays. In addition, marked transmural heterogeneity in [3H] norepinephrine uptake was consistently observed in failing ventricles. Uptake in subendocardial myocyte regions was significantly less than in subepicardial regions (mean [±SDj subepicardial/subendocardial uptake ratio 4.7 ± 4.8, p < 0.01). The extent of transmural heterogeneity in norepinephrine uptake was similar in patients with idiopathic and ischemic cardiomyopathy. In contrast, nonfailing hearts exhibited more uniform transmural [3H]norepinephrine uptake (subepicardial/ subendocardial uptake ratio 1.8 ± 1.2, p = NS). Conclusions. Specific [3H]norepinephrine accumulation is approximately fivefold lower in subendocardial regions of failing left ventricles than in subepicardial regions. These findings support the hypothesis that a subendocardial defect in norepinephrine uptake may chronically elevate local interstitial catecholamine levels and thereby down-regulate beta-adrenergic receptors in a spatially heterogeneous distribution.
Wanted: Tesseract. One Hypothesis on Languages, Cultures, and Ethics for Mind, Brain, and Education

For potential consideration by the Mind, Brain, and Education community, here is a modest but provocative hypothesis regarding the relationships between acquisition of languages, awareness of cultures, and development of ethics in human beings. Starting from the basic idea according to which “a fish does not know what water is,” and using both various literature sources and my personal experience of linguistic/cultural diversity, I postulate, using the mathematical metaphor of the “tesseract,” that mastery of several languages is not only essential to developing cultural awareness but also a key to (partial) access to global awareness. This might open research avenues for colleagues interested in some of these fields, or in all of them; if sound neuroscientific work, possibly combined with quantitative studies, proves the hypothesis right, then we may hope to take one small step toward more tolerance: yet another “giant leap for mankind”? Let us dream—it is not forbidden yet.
Analysis of the Verwey transition in magnetite

Abstract A review is presented of work carried out in the author's laboratory concerning the thermodynamic and electrical transport phenomena in magnetite. The need for careful compositional control of single crystal growth is emphasized. With increasing deviations from the ideal Fe 3 O 4 composition the Verwey transition suddenly shifts from the first order to a higher order regime. This hitherto unrecognized feature is documented by a variety of experimental techniques and is rationalized in terms of a single formalism based on a mean field theoretic approach. The agreement between theory and experiment is very good. Various aspects of the theoretical analysis are discussed in detail; the formalism is of much more general appreciability than the limited use to which it was put in the resolution of the Verwey problem.
Mutual interactions of thorium, nickel and bismuth in ThNiBi solutions☆

Abstract Thorium and nickel, dissolved in liquid bismuth, were found to interact with each other and with the solvent to form a solid ternary compound of the apparent composition ThNiBi2. This interaction was studied, at 50° intervals, over the temperature range of 550–700°C. At each temperature studied, the joint solubility of thorium and nickel could be expressed as a mole fraction product, Kxp = XThXNi. The variation of Kxp with temperature can be expressed as log Kxp = 1·115−6379/T(°K). The standard free energy of formation of ThNiBi2 was estimated to be −51 kcal/mole at 650°C.
Effects of anti-triadin antibody on Ca2+ release from sarcoplasmic reticulum

The monoclonal antibody, mAb GE 4.90, raised against triadin, a 95 kDa protein of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), inhibits the slow phase of Ca2+ release from SR following depolarization of the T-tubule moiety of the triad. The antibody has virtually no effect on the fast phase of depolarization-induced Ca2+ release nor on caffeine-induced Ca2+ release. Since the slow phase of depolarization-induced Ca2+ release is also inhibited by dihydropyridines (DHP), these results suggest that triadin may be involved in the functional coupling between the DHP receptor and the SR Ca2+ channel.
An information avalanche

The Internet has added yet another dimension to the production and consumption of information. Long merely consumers of content, Internauts are now also major producers of it. Search engines make it possible to sift through the enormous quantity of material that is finding its way into digital form. Going online has become an adventure in discovery for those who eagerly surf the billions of Web pages housed in the global Internet. Because of its global reach, the Internet seriously threatens to undermine IP protection regimes that have long served copyright holders
Relay selection in cooperative networks with frequency selective fading

In this article, we consider the diversity-multiplexing tradeoff (DMT) of relay-assisted communication through correlated frequency selective fading channels. Recent results for relays in flat fading channels demonstrate a performance and implementation advantage in using relay selection as opposed to more complicated distributed space-time coding schemes. Motivated by these results, we explore the use of relay selection for the case when all channels have intersymbol interference. In particular, we focus on the performance of relaying strategies when multiple decode-and-forward relays share a single channel orthogonal to the source. We derive the DMT for several relaying strategies: best relay selection, random relay selection, and the case when all decoding relays participate. The best relay selection method selects the relay in the decoding set with the largest sum-squared relay-to-destination channel coefficients. This scheme can achieve the optimal DMT of the system under consideration and generally dominates the other two relaying strategies which do not always exploit the spatial diversity offered by the relays. Different from flat fading, we found special cases when the three relaying strategies have the same DMT. We further present a transceiver design which is proven to asymptotically achieve the optimal DMT. Monte Carlo simulations are presented to corroborate the theoretical analysis and to provide a detailed performance comparison of the three relaying strategies in channels encountered in practice.
Field-testing IMPACT EPIC research results in Itanium 2

Explicitly-Parallel Instruction Computing (EPIC) providesarchitectural features, including predication and explicitcontrol speculation, intended to enhance the compiler'sability to expose instruction-level parallelism (ILP) incontrol-intensive programs. Aggressive structural transformationsusing these features, though described in theliterature, have not yet been fully characterized in completesystems. Using the Intel Itanium 2 microprocessor,the SPECint2000 benchmarks and the IMPACT Compilerfor IA-64, a research compiler competitive with thebest commercial compilers on the platform, we providean in situ evaluation of code generated using aggressive,EPIC-enabled techniques in a reality-constrained microarchitecture.Our work shows a 1.13 average speedup(up to 1.50) due to these compilation techniques, relativeto traditionally-optimized code at the same inlining andpointer analysis levels, and a 1.55 speedup (up to 2.30) relativeto GNU GCC, a solid traditional compiler. Detailedresults show that the structural compilation approach providesbenefits far beyond a decrease in branch mispredictionpenalties and that it both positively and negatively impactsinstruction cache performance. We also demonstratethe increasing significance of runtime effects, such as datacache and TLB, in determining end performance and theinteraction of these effects with control speculation.
Assessing team workload and situational awareness in an Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR) simulation exercise

Currently, one of the greatest challenges to the nation's intelligence community is the discovery of clandestine networks, typically in the context of counter-insurgency operations. MIT Lincoln Laboratory has developed an Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR) “Red/Blue” exercise in which two teams compete to discover a complex network within a simulated urban environment. The teams use wide-area persistent surveillance data, as well as decision support and situational awareness tools, to trace relationships between individuals, events, and sites. Information management, analysis, and tool interaction are some of the cognitive factors that contribute to varying levels of the team's workload and situational awareness. This paper describes an initial study of the relationship between workload and situational awareness (SA) in such a setting. The paper also presents observations regarding different roles within the teams and their corresponding workload and SA.
Contending Theories of Criminal Law: Statutory Penalties Versus Public Preferences

Consistent with the "consensus theory" of criminal law, the findings indicate substantial congruence between statutory penalties and the kinds of penalties preferred by respondents in an Arizona sample survey. Howeuer, that con gruence is largely peculiar to penalties as they apply to adult offenders. More over, when it comes to the magnitude of penalties, there is much less con gruence; and that finding lends support to the contending theory, the "conflict theory" of criminal law. Both theories are judged defective because neither accounts for enormous variation among types of crimes as to the congruence between statutory penalties and penalties preferred by the public.
DISQUISITIONS ON ORIGINAL ANTIGENIC SIN : II. PROOF IN LOWER CREATURES

Experiments in rabbits were designed to test the two unproven assumptions of the hypothesis proposed in the companion paper (1): that Original Antigenic Sin is fundamentally a restricted anamnestic response, and that there exists a trapping mechanism capable of deflecting antigen from one kind of cell and guiding it to another. It is shown that whole-body X-irradiation, sufficient to abolish primary but not secondary production of antibodies, leaves all manifestations of the Original Antigenic Sin untouched. This proves the first assumption. Primary immune animals challenged with very large doses of a related antigen produce an immediate response of cross-reactive antibodies, followed by a standard primary response to the challenging antigen. When boosted with an appropriate mixture of both antigens, the response is of standard secondary type to the homologous antigen, followed by a standard primary response to the crossreacting antigen. When animals are primarily vaccinated with a mixture of two related antigens, small booster doses of either will stimulate a standard secondary response only. When such animals are given very large booster doses of either antigen, the response is a compound of a homologous secondary and of an Original Antigenic Sin-type against the related antigen. Each of these findings demonstrates a corollary of the second assumption. The results are discussed in terms of the limitations they impose on theories concerned with the production of antibodies.
Some general features of random elastic scattering spectra

From international conference on ion beam surface layer analysis; Yorktown Heights, NY (18 Jun 1973). The dependence of the yields and the shapes of the energy distribution spectra generated by projectiles elastically scattered from smooth-surfaced random solid target materials on the stopping power of the material, on the scattering cross section and on the geometry of the experimental arrangement is computationally investigated. The effects of such secondary phenomena as straggling, angular beam divergence and loss of beam intensity with increasing penetration depth are neglected. General arguments demonstrate that these spectra are quite sensitive to the energy dependence of both the stopping power and the cross section, but to different extents depending on the geometry of the experimental arrangement. If the arrangement is such that the observed projectiles must travel a much larger path length to leave the target material after scattering than they travel to reach the scattering site, then the stopping power plays the dominant role in shaping the spectrum. Specifically, the spectrum tends to follow strongly the shape of the reciprocal of the stopping power versus energy curve. When the arrangement is such that these path lengths have the opposite relation, then the cross section comes into strongmore » competition with the stopping power in shaping the spectrum. These features are illustrated by the spectra calculated using two model stopping powers and simple power-law cross sections. One model assigns simple power-law energy dependence to the stopping power, while the other model assigns an energy dependence which approaches E/sup 1/2/ at low energies and E/sup -1/ x In E at high energies.« less
Purchasing, Pricing, and Quick Response in the Presence of Strategic Consumers

We consider a retailer that sells a product with uncertain demand over a finite selling season. The retailer sets an initial stocking quantity and, at some predetermined point in the season, optimally marks down remaining inventory. We modify this classic setting by introducing three types of consumers: myopic consumers, who always purchase at the initial full price; bargain-hunting consumers, who purchase only if the discounted price is sufficiently low; and strategic consumers, who strategically choose when to make their purchase. A strategic consumer chooses between a purchase at the initial full price and a later purchase at an uncertain markdown price. In equilibrium, strategic consumers and the retailer make optimal decisions given their rational expectations regarding future prices, availability of inventory, and the behavior of other consumers. We find that the retailer stocks less, takes smaller price discounts, and earns lower profit if strategic consumers are present than if there are no strategic consumers. We find that a retailer should generally avoid committing to a price path over the season (assuming such commitment is feasible)---committing to a markdown price (or to not mark down at all) is often too costly (inventory may remain unsold) even in the presence of strategic consumers; the better approach is to be cautious with the initial quantity and then mark down optimally. Furthermore, we discuss the value of quick response (the ability to procure additional inventory after obtaining updated demand information, albeit at a higher unit cost than the initial order). We find that the value of quick response to a retailer is generally much greater in the presence of strategic consumers than without them: on average 67% more valuable and as much as 558% more valuable in our sample. In other words, although it is well established in the literature that quick response provides value by allowing better matching of supply with demand, it provides more value, often substantially more value, by allowing a retailer to control the negative consequences of strategic consumer behavior.
The neuroanatomical axis for control of energy balance.

The hypothalamic feeding-center model, articulated in the 1950s, held that the hypothalamus contains the interoceptors sensitive to blood-borne correlates of available or stored fuels as well as the integrative substrates that process metabolic and visceral afferent signals and issue commands to brainstem mechanisms for the production of ingestive behavior. A number of findings reviewed here, however, indicate that sensory and integrative functions are distributed across a central control axis that includes critical substrates in the basal forebrain as well as in the caudal brainstem. First, the interoceptors relevant to energy balance are distributed more widely than had been previously thought, with a prominent brainstem complement of leptin and insulin receptors, glucose-sensing mechanisms, and neuropeptide mediators. The physiological relevance of this multiple representation is suggested by the demonstration that similar behavioral effects can be obtained independently by stimulation of respective forebrain and brainstem subpopulations of the same receptor types (e.g., leptin, CRH, and melanocortin). The classical hypothalamic model is also challenged by the integrative achievements of the chronically maintained, supracollicular decerebrate rat. Decerebrate and neurologically intact rats show similar discriminative responses to taste stimuli and are similarly sensitive to intake-inhibitory feedback from the gut. Thus, the caudal brainstem, in neural isolation from forebrain influence, is sufficient to mediate ingestive responses to a range of visceral afferent signals. The decerebrate rat, however, does not show a hyperphagic response to food deprivation, suggesting that interactions between forebrain and brainstem are necessary for the behavioral response to systemic/ metabolic correlates of deprivation in the neurologically intact rat. At the same time, however, there is evidence suggesting that hypothalamic-neuroendocrine responses to fasting depend on pathways ascending from brainstem. Results reviewed are consistent with a distributionist (as opposed to hierarchical) model for the control of energy balance that emphasizes: (i) control mechanisms endemic to hypothalamus and brainstem that drive their unique effector systems on the basis of local interoceptive, and in the brainstem case, visceral, afferent inputs and (ii) a set of uni- and bidirectional interactions that coordinate adaptive neuroendocrine, autonomic, and behavioral responses to changes in metabolic status.
Playing with food: moving from interests and goals into scientifically meaningful experiences

As science educators, we want all learners to see the relevance of science to their lives and the world in which they live. Achieving this goal, however, has proven to be a difficult endeavor. Many learners see science as useful only in school, and they face difficulties connecting science to the real world and to their own interests and goals. In our research project, Kitchen Science Investigators, we aim to start with learners' interests and goals in cooking. We then help them connect cooking to science, using play to help them see food as an object of investigation. We then transition learners into engaging in authentic scientific practices. In this paper we present three cases that highlight scientifically meaningful experiences for KSI learners and the ways play, facilitation, and artifacts bridge the gap between their interests and scientific practices.
Developmental Utilization of SpP3A1 and SpP3A2: Two Proteins Which Recognize the Same DNA Target Site in Several Sea Urchin Gene Regulatory Regions

SpP3A1 and SpP3A2 are DNA-binding proteins that interact specifically with the same target sites in the regulatory domains of the Strongylocentrotus purpuratus CyIIIa gene and also of several other known genes. In this work we used antibodies raised against recombinant P3A1 and P3A2 to quantitate these transcription factors in eggs and in the nuclear compartments of embryos of various stages. Both proteins are present in unfertilized eggs, and both enter the embryonic nuclei early in development, but only P3A2 remains present in nuclei at functional concentrations beyond the early gastrula stage. Combined with earlier measurements of P3A site binding at cleavage stages, these measurements show that P3A1 would be replaced by P3A2 at target sites in genes regulated by these factors.
Immediate effect of Ayres's sensory integration-based occupational therapy intervention on children with autism spectrum disorders.

OBJECTIVE. This study examined the effects of Ayres�s sensory integration intervention on the behavior and task engagement of young children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Clinical observations and caregiver reports of behavior and engagement also were explored to help guide future investigations. METHOD. This single-subject study used an ABAB design to compare the immediate effect of Ayres�s sensory integration and a play scenario on the undesired behavior and task engagement of 4 children with ASD. RESULTS. No clear patterns of change in undesired behavior or task management emerged through objective measurement. Subjective data suggested that each child exhibited positive changes during and after intervention. CONCLUSION. When effects are measured immediately after intervention, short-term Ayres�s sensory integration does not have a substantially different effect than a play scenario on undesired behavior or engagement of young children with ASD. However, subjective data suggest that Ayres�s sensory integration may produce an effect that is evident during treatment sessions and in home environments.
The Evolvability of Arthropods

By many metrics, arthropods constitute one of the most successful animal phyla on our planet, manifest in extreme species richness, enormous diversity in morphologies and developmental modes, and successful radiation into nearly every inhabitable ecological niche available to multicellular organisms (Storch and Welch 1991; Brusca and Brusca 2000; Odegaard 2000; Valentine 2004; Gullan and Cranston 2004; Grimaldi and Engel 2005). In this chapter, we will explore some of the causes and mechanisms that have enabled arthropod diversification. We define evolvability broadly as a lineage’s capacity to generate phenotypic diversity over evolutionary time. We begin by exploring two prominent axes of diversification in the arthropods: evolvability in (1) developmental space and in (2) developmental time, and their respective contributions to facilitating innovation, diversification, and radiation within the Arthropoda. We end our chapter by examining the role of (3) developmental plasticity in arthropod evolution. In each context, we explore the genetic, developmental, and ecological mechanisms that may have allowed arthropods to diversify more than any other group of animals, the interactions among these mechanisms, and the emergent properties of these interactions. Throughout, we highlight key questions for future research, in particular as created by the increased integration of evolution and ecology with developmental biology and genomics.
Occupational Differences Between Alzheimer’s and Aphasic Dementias Implication for Teachers

We aimed to determine whether there is an association between teaching and the development of progressive speech and language disorders (SLDs). Occupation was compared between 100 patients with a progressive SLD, 404 patients with Alzheimer's dementia, and the 2008 US census. In SLDs, the most common occupation was teacher (22%) versus 8% in Alzheimer's dementia. The odds ratio (OR) of being a teacher in SLDs compared to Alzheimer's dementia was 3.4 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.87-6.17). No differences were observed in the frequency of other occupations. The frequency of teachers was higher in SLDs compared to the US census, OR of 6.9 (95% CI = 4.3-11.1). Farming, forestry, and fishing occupations were more frequent in SLDs compared to the US census. We identified an association between progressive SLDs and the occupation of teaching. Since teaching is a communication demanding occupation, teachers may be more sensitive to the development of speech and language impairments.
Differential Regulation by Magnesium of the Two MsbB Paralogs of Shigella flexneri

Shigella flexneri , a gram-negative enteric pathogen, is unusual in that it contains two nonredundant paralogous genes that encode the myristoyl transferase MsbB (LpxM) that catalyzes the final step in the synthesis of the lipid A moiety of lipopolysaccharide. MsbB1 is encoded on the chromosome, and MsbB2 is encoded on the large virulence plasmid present in all pathogenic shigellae. We demonstrate that myristoyl transferase activity due to MsbB2 is detected in limited magnesium medium, but not in replete magnesium medium, whereas that due to MsbB1 is detected under both conditions. MsbB2 increases overall hexa-acylation of lipid A under limited magnesium conditions. Regulation of MsbB2 by magnesium occurs at the level of transcription and is dependent on the conserved magnesium-inducible PhoPQ two-component regulatory pathway. Direct hexanucleotide repeats within the promoter upstream of msbB2 were identified as a putative PhoP binding site, and mutations within the repeats led to diminished PhoP-dependent expression of a transcriptional fusion of lacZ to this promoter. Thus, the virulence plasmid-encoded paralog of msbB is induced under limited magnesium in a PhoPQ-dependent manner. PhoPQ regulates the response of many Enterobacteriaceae to environmental signals, which include modifications of lipid A that confer increased resistance of the organism to stressful environments and antimicrobial peptides. The findings reported here are the first example of gene duplication in which one paralog has selectively acquired the mechanism for differential regulation by PhoPQ. Our findings provide molecular insight into the mechanisms by which each of the two MsbB proteins of S. flexneri likely contributes to pathogenesis.
Ongoing behavioral state information signaled in the lateral habenula guides choice flexibility in freely moving rats

The lateral habenula (LHb) plays a role in a wide variety of behaviors ranging from maternal care, to sleep, to various forms of cognition. One prominent theory with ample supporting evidence is that the LHb serves to relay basal ganglia and limbic signals about negative outcomes to midbrain monoaminergic systems. This makes it likely that the LHb is critically involved in behavioral flexibility as all of these systems have been shown to contribute when flexible behavior is required. Behavioral flexibility is commonly examined across species and is impaired in various neuropsychiatric conditions including autism, depression, addiction, and schizophrenia; conditions in which the LHb is thought to play a role. Therefore, a thorough examination of the role of the LHb in behavioral flexibility serves multiple functions including understanding possible connections with neuropsychiatric illnesses and additional insight into its role in cognition in general. Here, we assess the LHb's role in behavioral flexibility through comparisons of the roles its afferent and efferent pathways are known to play. Additionally, we provide new evidence supporting the LHb contributions to behavioral flexibility through organization of specific goal directed actions under cognitively demanding conditions. Specifically, in the first experiment, a majority of neurons recorded from the LHb were found to correlate with velocity on a spatial navigation task and did not change significantly when reward outcomes were manipulated. Additionally, measurements of local field potential (LFP) in the theta band revealed significant changes in power relative to velocity and reward location. In a second set of experiments, inactivation of the LHb with the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) agonists baclofen and muscimol led to an impairment in a spatial/response based repeated probabilistic reversal learning task. Control experiments revealed that this impairment was likely due to the demands of repeated switching behaviors as rats were unimpaired on initial discrimination acquisition or retention of probabilistic learning. Taken together, these novel findings compliment other work discussed supporting a role for the LHb in action selection when cognitive or emotional demands are increased. Finally, we discuss future mechanisms by which a superior understanding of the LHb can be obtained through additional examination of behavioral flexibility tasks.
CRITICALITY OF LOW ENRICHMENT U$sup 235$ IN HYDROGEN

ABS> Six experiments were performed on the uranium density in paraffin and water at 0.5 to 3.1 gm/cm/sup 3/. The H: U/sup 235/ atomic ratios varied from 200 to 1000. Calculations were performed, using two methods (NSA, l5: 15077). Results, represented tabularly and graphically, gave k/sub eff/= 1.00 plus or minus 0.01. Critical radii of unreflected spheres were calculated, and effects of an infinite paraffin reflector on the 2% enrichment calculations are given. (L.N.N.) Radiations
Pigmentation of the Tongue with Lapatinib Treatment in a Patient with Advanced Breast Cancer: A Case Report.

Treatment with lapatinib results in many toxicities. Described here is a novel toxicity, mucosal discoloration that developed after lapatinib was initiated in a breast cancer patient.
The Wisdom of Legislating for Anticipated Technological Advancements

The past four decades have been witness to the realization of ideas which, when first contemplated, seemed to resemble the prose of science fiction writers. Some seemingly far-fetched notions, such as robot pets, anti-sleeping pills, and ugly unisex jumpsuits, are now readily available. However, there are currently no colonies on the moon, and we are all still waiting to order our personal jetpacks from Amazon.com. Some are likely to remain in the realm of science fiction and will only be realized with the help of movie and television special effects artists. Yet through these entertaining glimpses into a potential future, we are left to wonder whether the law should be adapted to account for some of these anticipated technologies. At various times, Congress has chosen to wait and see if a scientific advancement adapts sufficiently under current law, and in other instances, it has tried to anticipate how technology will affect society and legislate accordingly. This article discusses whether it is better to legislate in contemplation of new technology or to wait and see how it develops. To avoid tangential considerations regarding the scope, influence, and mechanics of existing technology that are unrelated to the policy concerns, the issues raised in this article are examined by exploring whether the underlying purpose of a current law, specifically the Copyright Act of 1976, could be satisfactorily applied to magically animated pictures and paintings developed in J.K. Rowlings’ Harry Potter series. Using “magic” as the vehicle avoids these extraneous considerations, and the conclusions drawn can then be related back to unforeseen or developing scientific advances. As such, this article will discuss the application of aspects of the Copyright Act to a universe where the subjects of photographs and paintings are animated by magic, to determine if it is necessary to create legislation specific to this “technology” to address policy concerns regarding fixation and authorship. It asks whether current laws are adequate when applied to a world where magic exists, whether trying to legislate for future technologies is rational, and whether Congress should consider future potential technologies when contemplating or creating legislation, or whether such legislation stifles innovation. This article concludes that we should proceed with caution in allowing the potential effects of either technology in its infancy or future unrealized technology to influence our policy decisions before the science has had a chance to mature and develop, its effects on society better determined.
An Experiment in Natural Fracture

AbstractCobbles and angular chunks of obsidian were subjected to breakage by being sent through the mail. The resulting assemblages of “flakes” and “cores” were analyzed to evaluate various criteria for distinguishing natural fracture from intentional stone knapping.
Utilizing Reciprocity Principle for Double Plane Wave Dataset and Imaging

Summary Plane wave migration techniques can produce high quality migration results efficiently. Split-spread gathers containing both positive and negative ray-parameter information are required to implement plane wave migrations optimally. In this study, we investigate the reciprocity property of double plane wave (DPW) dataset. We show that application of reciprocity can be straightforward by decomposing shot gathers into DPW domain. Using a 2D line from SEG/EAGE salt model, we demonstrate a procedure to obtain a combined DPW dataset transformed from one-sided marine gathers. The combined DPW dataset approximates the DPW dataset transformed from split-spread shot gathers. We also show that utilizing the reciprocity principle can increase the DPW migration efficiency.
Antimicrobial defense mechanisms in the Salmonella typhimurium associated ex-germfree rat.

SummaryGermfree rats were monoassociated with Salmonella typhimurium. Early responses included increases in serum α- and β-globulins and a decrease in albumin. A presumably nonimmune γ-globulin fraction of slow electrophoretic mobility showed a similar increase, while carbon clearance values increased 50- to 100-fold. During the second week of association γ-globulin levels increased substantially. This was paralleled by a considerable increase in homologous agglutinating antibody, which first became evident 3 days after association. Both gamma globulin concentration and agglutinating antibody reached a plateau after the second week. At the end of that week, albumin, α- and β-globulin levels, and the carbon clearance index had returned to practically preassociation levels. The nonimmune gamma globulin fraction likewise had regained its preassociation immunoelectrophoretic appearance. It is concluded that while nonspecific defense mechanisms are a major protective factor during the first week after associat...
Effect of ethinyl estradiol on plasma 17-hydroxycorticosteroids, ACTH responsiveness and hydrocortisone clearance in man.

Summary1. Ethinyl estradiol in doses of 0.1 and 0.5 mg daily by mouth caused marked elevations in plasma 17-hydroxycorticosteroid levels in 18 post-menopausal and castrate females and in 2 patients whose hypopituitarism was associated with only moderate decreases in adrenocortical secretory capacity. 2. No increases in plasma 17-OHCS levels during ethinyl estradiol therapy were found in a male Addisonian and in a patient with a pituitary tumor and marked secondary adrenocortical insufficiency. 3. Elevations in plasma 17-OHCS were accompanied by augmented responsiveness to a standard ACTH infusion in all 10 of the post-menopausal females studied and in 1 of 2 patients with hypopituitarism. 4. A marked delay in rate of plasma clearance of infused hydrocortisone was present in all 4 of the ethinyl estradiol treated patients so tested. 5. The data suggest that ethinyl estradiol causes an alteration in hydrocortisone metabolism.
Reduction of Fluorinated Cyclopropene by Nitrogenase

Reduction of the first known halogen-containing substrate by nitrogenase (N2ase), 3,3-difluorocyclopropene (DFCP), was investigated. Reduction requires both N2ase proteins (MoFe and Fe protein), ATP, and an exogenous reductant (dithionite, DT), as with N2 and known alternative substrates of the enzyme. Two major products providing evidence for reductive C–F bond cleavage were confirmed, propene (P1, requiring 6e–/6H+) and 2-fluoropropene (P2, 4e–/4H+). Both were identified by GC-MS and NMR spectroscopy, and had the same Km constants (0.022 atm, 5.4 mM). Reduction of 1,2-dideuterated DFCP (d2-DFCP) further revealed that (i) in both P1 and P2, two deuterium atoms are retained, one on carbon-1 and one on carbon-3, indicating that C═C bond cleavage rather than C–C bond cleavage is involved during DFCP reduction at least to P2 (assuming no F migration); (ii) no selectivity was observed in formation of cis and trans isomers of 1,3-d2-2-fluoropropene, whereas cis-1,3-d2-propene is the predominant 1,3-d2-propene ...
Research on Command Firing System Program for Triple-seat Aircraft

The command firing system is used to control orders and time intervals for the emergency escape of aircrews from the triple-seat aircraft. According to requirements of domestic multi-seat command firing system,development of the command firing system of the triple-seat aircraft is described, provides the reasonable and feasible program, and conducted the theoretical analysis and anthropomorphic calculation for the program.also concludes that an essential engineering research on the command firing system of three-seat aircraft could be carried out only after careful consideration and reasonable designing program.
Considerations on Emergency Treatment of Group's Food Poisoning

The occurrence of food poisoning event is of suddenness and fierceness.Therefore,once it takes place,it is supposed to carry on the field response in the shortest time as well as the investigation and treatments to toxicant personnel.In view of state-owned enterprise's collective mode of repast,this paper aims at the discussion on three stages of food poisoning event ranging from its occurrence to handling process with emphasis on elaborating the role of food health supervisor in food poisoning emergency processing.
Telelectures vs. workshops in continuing professional education. I. Research procedures and design of lectures and workshops.

This research project was developed to compare actual learning by participants in the currently popular telelecture method of instruction with the older, tried-and-true workshop approach.
Mining the Epigenetic Landscape: Surface Mining or Deep Underground

With improvements in epigenomic profiling assays and with increasing amounts of epigenomic data in public repositories, new opportunities are available to understand normal epigenomes and their cancer-related perturbations. Nascent comparative epigenomic analyses have the potential to provide insights into cancer etiology, identify clinically relevant cancer biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Much of the epigenomic data generated by large consortium projects and small projects are now publicly available at epigenomic data portals. Several computational tools and methodological framework are developed to perform comparative epigenomic analysis. However, the methods for comparative epigenomic analysis are in their infancy and numerous challenges are faced when mining heterogeneous epigenomic datasets. In this chapter, we describe types of epigenomic data available in public repositories, epigenomic tools for comparative analysis, and address challenges faced when mining epigenomic datasets. We also illustrate the utility of mining epigenomic data by providing use cases that utilize publicly available data and tools to provide example into types of analysis that are possible.
Acquiring knowledge of affective events from blogs using label propagation

Many common events in our daily life affect us in positive and negative ways. For example, going on vacation is typically an enjoyable event, while being rushed to the hospital is an undesirable event. In narrative stories and personal conversations, recognizing that some events have a strong affective polarity is essential to understand the discourse and the emotional states of the affected people. However, current NLP systems mainly depend on sentiment analysis tools, which fail to recognize many events that are implicitly affective based on human knowledge about the event itself and cultural norms. Our goal is to automatically acquire knowledge of stereotypically positive and negative events from personal blogs. Our research creates an event context graph from a large collection of blog posts and uses a sentiment classifier and semi-supervised label propagation algorithm to discover affective events. We explore several graph configurations that propagate affective polarity across edges using local context, discourse proximity, and event-event co-occurrence. We then harvest highly affective events from the graph and evaluate the agreement of the polarities with human judgements.
Mapping Antarctic phytoplankton physiology using autonomous gliders

The integration of a FIRe sensor into a glider allows us to map, with high temporal and spatial resolution, phytoplankton physiological responses to physical forcing. Different missions were designed to evaluate the temporal and spatial variability of phytoplankton physiology by using a drift and a station keeping mission, respectively. Diel cycles collected show a clear diurnal variations driven by incident radiation, with both maximal fluorescence and photosynthetic efficiency (in any light adapted phytoplankton) showing reduced values only in the upper 10–15 meters of the water column at the highest irradiances. Further analyses comparing different MLD regimes have shown different photoacclimation responses (light saturation parameter, Ek) resulting from differences in solar radiation exposure conditions (both time and intensity), reflected in the depth of the ML. Further analyses include determining a method to correct the FIRe glider fluorescence profiles in the upper ocean during daytime by comparing the maximum fluorescence during the highest irradiance (daytime) with the lowest irradiance (nighttime).
Stable approximations of set-valued maps

Abstract The celebrated Lax’ principle “stability and consistency implies convergence” is adapted to the case of nonlinear equation and even inclusions (multivalued equations) through a convenient concept of stability. It requires the definition of “contingent derivative” of single or set-valued maps and states that a family of maps is stable if and only if the inverses of their contingent derivatives are bounded. An extension of the Banach-Steinhauss theorem to the set-valued analogues of continuous linear operators is also provided, as well as relations between pointwise and graph convergence of sequences of set-valued maps.
Industrial environmental education: an enabling strategy for design for the environment (DFE)

This paper describes some of the course design elements that lead to successful design for the environment courses in industrial settings. Developing an environmental education program can enable and facilitate the incorporation of environmental thought processes and design approaches into the design function of a company. Targeting the design function affords leverage to achieve business success with manufacturing processes and products that have environmental attributes. I recommend that course designers address the following elements: upper management support, class composition and scope, the job relevance of the education, team–based education, recruitment of teachers, identification of class participants, creating activity–based collaborative learning environments, and cultural adaptation of educational material where appropriate.
An entropy-based framework for efficient post-disaster assessment based on crowdsourced data

After a disaster, authorities need to efficiently collect and analyze data from the disaster area in order to increase their situational awareness and make informed decisions. The conventional data acquisition methods such as dispatching inspection teams are often time-consuming. With the widespread availability of mobile devices, crowdsourcing has become an effective alternative means for data acquisition. However, the large amount of crowdsourced data is often overwhelming and requires triage on the collected data. In this paper, we introduce a framework to crowdsource post-disaster data and a new prioritization strategy based on the expected value of the information contained in the collected data (entropy) and their significance. We propose a multi-objective problem to analyze a portion of the collected data such that the entropy retrieved from the disaster area and the significance of analyzed data are maximized. We solve this problem using Pareto optimization that strikes a balance between both objectives. We evaluate our framework by applying it on bridges inspection after the 2001 Nisqually earthquake as a case study. We also investigate the feasibility of sending the crowdsourced data to the crowd for reviewing. The results demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed framework.
Blepharoplasty in asian patients-ethnic and ethical implications.

Because blepharoplasty on Asian patients, also known as a double-eyelid operation, has the controversial potential to alter characteristically ethnic features, physicians must ask patients why they are seeking these procedures. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.
Geophysics and Seismology / Structural Geology and Neotectonics - University of Michigan

the "story" of a data set or collection, describing its origin and life cycle within a research project.