cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Using Survey and Focus Group Research to Learn About Parents' Roles in the Community College Choice Process:

Parents of the high school class of 2000 students who attended their local community college in fall 2000 responded to a mailed survey and participated in a focus group discussion. The study examined parents' expectations from the college, role in their sons' or daughers' college choice, and observations following their children's first year. Survey findings revealed parents had high academic goals for their children but overestimated academic abilities; they engaged in a variety of college search and choice activities. Focus group research enriched survey findings: Parents expected substantial communication directly from the college about their children's course choices and academic progress. Implications for practice and the value of using multiple research approaches are discussed.
Journey to Mount Horeb: Cognitive theory and 1 Kings 19:1–181

Using cognitive theory as a base, this article explores Elijah's experience of depression and God's response to Elijah. Beck's cognitive triad, which consists of a negative view of one's self and one's future, and a negative interpretation of one's experiences, provides the framework for understanding Elijah's sense of hopelessness. God's directive response to Elijah is discussed as being consistent with the therapeutic approach advocated by cognitive theory. The use of psychology in biblical studies is addressed as an emerging post-modern approach to interpreting scripture. 1This manuscript is based on a paper presented at the annual meetings of the Society of Biblical Literature (2006) and the Academy of Homiletics (2006).
Are Engineering Schools Masculine and Authoritarian? The Mission Statements Say Yes

After reading the mission statements of 20 engineering and liberal arts schools, business students recorded their impressions of a hypothetical successful student at each institution. Based only on institutional mission statements, engineering students were deemed significantly more likely to be dominant, forceful, and masculine and significantly less likely to defend their beliefs, or to be soft spoken, eager to soothe feelings, feminine, or likable. Additionally, for male subjects, the higher their own level of authoritarianism, the more likely they were to indicate that a successful student at an engineering institution was someone like themselves. Authoritarianism had no such predictive value for female subjects. Our results may illustrate why engineering schools might be having trouble attracting a more diverse group of students: a culture of masculinity and hierarchy may be so deeply entrenched that it is evident even to causal observers.
Strontium isotopes in Quaternary basalts of southeastern California

Abstract Strontium isotopic variations ( 87 Sr/ 86 Sr of 0.7029 to 0.7052) in Quaternary basalts of southeastern California, USA, are not readily explained by assimilation of crustal material similar to that contained as xenoliths in the basalt. Isotopic differences between chrome diopside (0.7016) and olivine (0.7087) from a lherzolite xenolith suggest that the isotopic variations in the basalts may be inherited from the source regions or modified by the upper parts of the mantle that were traversed by the lavas.
Review of Interpreting Land Records, by Donald A. Wilson

This book is a new title by a highly respected coauthor and seminar presenter well known to the boundary surveying community. The book includes: 1. Information on records research; 2. Information on surveying methods used in the United States over the past several hundred years; 3. Guidance for confirming a land record with physical evidence on-site; 4. Advice on using historic maps, photographs, and written documents in establishing a boundary for which official records are lost or corrupted; and 5. Definitions for historical words and phrases. Chapter 1 three pages is aptly titled “Introduction to Land Records.” Chapter 2 46 pages is titled “Geometry of the Description” and attempts to serve as an inclusive source on the subject. While significant portions of this chapter are covered in other publications, the author does include hard to find information related to the subject. Chapter 3 51 pages is titled “Records Research: Title Search or Deed Search” and, from a surveyor’s view point, furnishes exhaustive coverage of both subjects. Whether Mr. Wilson can convince the reader that the two areas of research are of equal importance has yet to be determined. Chapter 4 37 pages is titled “Rules of Construction” and covers this complex subject as well, and possibly better, than other respected authors. Many of the “rules” are rudimentary, with helpful explanations and copious footnotes. To Mr. Wilson’s credit, he has also added numerous “more advanced” concepts. Unfortunately, there are a few rules/concepts that maybe should have been excluded. As an example, the Habendum Clause at p. 111 includes a sentence containing 200-plus words followed by an even longer sentence. Also, occasionally, words are used in an unusual context. As an example, “lot” and “lots” are sometimes used to indicate sequentially created parcels rather than simultaneously created parcels. Chapter 5 22 pages is titled “Relative Importance of Conflicting Elements.” The first footnote in the chapter is misleading as one could infer that Courts have been at odds on the issue; this is simply not true because the Courts within a jurisdiction have been very consistent. Also, it is unclear what is attempting to be conveyed by the table shown on page 158. Chapter Six 16 pages is entitled “Exceptions and Reservations.” Chapter 7 nine pages is titled “Words and Phrases.” Possibly, some common errors should have been stated with the hopes that readers would take their authorship of documents more seriously. For instance, how many times have you seen the expression “ten foot on either side” ten foot in width when “ten foot on each side” 20 foot in width was clearly intended? Chapter 8 73
Unique, Shared, and Redundant Roles for the Arabidopsis SWI/SNF Chromatin Remodeling ATPases BRAHMA and SPLAYED

Chromatin remodeling is emerging as a central mechanism for patterning and differentiation in multicellular eukaryotes. SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling ATPases are conserved in the animal and plant kingdom and regulate transcriptional programs in response to endogenous and exogenous cues. In contrast with their metazoan orthologs, null mutants in two Arabidopsis thaliana SWI/SNF ATPases, BRAHMA (BRM) and SPLAYED (SYD), are viable, facilitating investigation of their role in the organism. Previous analyses revealed that syd and brm null mutants exhibit both similar and distinct developmental defects, yet the functional relationship between the two closely related ATPases is not understood. Another central question is whether these proteins act as general or specific transcriptional regulators. Using global expression studies, double mutant analysis, and protein interaction assays, we find overlapping functions for the two SWI/SNF ATPases. This partial diversification may have allowed expansion of the SWI/SNF ATPase regulatory repertoire, while preserving essential ancestral functions. Moreover, only a small fraction of all genes depends on SYD or BRM for expression, indicating that these SWI/SNF ATPases exhibit remarkable regulatory specificity. Our studies provide a conceptual framework for understanding the role of SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling in regulation of Arabidopsis development.
Do Analysts Follow Managers that Switch Companies? An Analysis of Relations in the Capital Markets

We examine the importance of professional relationships developed between analysts and managers by investigating analyst coverage decisions in the context of CEO and CFO moves between publicly listed firms. We find that top executive moves from an origin firm to a destination firm trigger analysts following the origin firm to initiate coverage of the destination firm in 10% of our sample, which is significantly higher than in a matched sample. Analyst-manager “co-migration” is significantly stronger when both firms are within the same industry. Analysts who move with managers to the destination firm exhibit more intense and accurate coverage of the origin firm than they do in other firms and compared to other analysts covering the origin firm. The advantage no longer holds after the executive’s departure, and most of the analysts’ advantage does not carry over to the destination firm. However, the analysts do increase the overall market capitalization of firms in their coverage portfolio. Our results hold after Regulation Fair Disclosure, suggesting that these relationships are not based on selective disclosure. Overall, the evidence shows both the importance and limitations of professional relations in capital markets.
Anesthesia for Pediatric Deep Brain Stimulation

In patients refractory to medical therapy, deep brain stimulations (DBSs) have emerged as the treatment of movement disorders particularly Parkinson's disease. Their use has also been extended in pediatric and adult patients to treat epileptogenic foci. We here performed a retrospective chart review of anesthesia records from 28 pediatric cases of patients who underwent DBS implantation for dystonia using combinations of dexmedetomidine and propofol-based anesthesia. Complications with anesthetic techniques including airway and cardiovascular difficulties were analyzed.
Constrained image recovery in a product space

In image recovery a priori knowledge and the observed data give rise to constraints on the solutions. In general, the recovery problem can be posed as that of minimizing a pertinent cost function over the resulting feasibility set. In this paper we present a product space framework for solving such problems, which leads to simplified formulations and to efficient parallel algorithms. Feasibility problems, quadratic minimization problems, and convex minimization problems are discussed.
An assessment of the commercial photovoltaics measurements workshop

Abstract This assessment is primarily an attempt to delineate the specific measurements activities by the U.S. Federal Government which were seen as most critical to the development of a commercial photovoltaics industry. The establishment and maintenance of reference calibration standards for cell and module testing and the acquisition and dissemination of insolation data are two areas in which the U.S. Government is felt to be able to contribute uniquely to the embryonic photovoltaics industry. Other areas where measurement techniques are at present inadequate include materials qualification and in-line process control.
Evolutionary Biology and Personality Psychology Toward a Conception of Human Nature and Individual Differences

Although personality psychology sub- sumes the study of both individual differences and species-typical characteristics, the field has not yet resolved several key concerns: (a) what are the most important species-typical characteristics; (b) what are the most important ways in which individuals differ; and (c) how can species-typical characteristics and individual differences be reconciled within a general theory of personality. Evolutionary biology provides one set of criteria for identifying these characteristics and for designating relative importance among them. Genotypic universality, automaticity, and adaptation are examined as potential criteria for identifying important species-typical characteris- tics. Heritability, inclusive fitness, sexual selection, and assortative mating are evaluated as criteria for designating important individual differences. Sug- gestions are made for resolving some of the conceptual and operational difficulties entailed by implementing these criteria. It is argued that, although substantial problems remain, evolutionary biology can provide one means for identifying relations between individual differences and species-typical characteristics. Evolutionary biology and personality psychology, broadly conceived, share several common concerns. Both fields seek to identify enduring organismic characteristics and to locate their origins and func- tional significance in environments. Both fields deal with past and present adaptation. And both grant a central role to individual variation, which is the focus of most personality research and the sine qua non of evolution. These shared concerns suggest intriguing potential connections. This article attempts to offer directions for an integrative effort, while identifying some of the difficulties of this endeavor. The first section of the article identifies several key issues in personality psychology, with particular attention given to the separation between approaches emphasizing species-typical tendencies and those focusing on systematic variation around those ten- dencies. The second section identifies themes in evolutionary biology that parallel those in personality psychology, typological and population approaches, and highlights some of the alternative aims, assump- tions, methods, and limitations of each. The third section outlines three major directions for linking evolutionary biology and personality psychology. The final section attempts to identify some of the most promising programs for future research. Some Key Concerns in Personality Psychology
An intuitive approach to measuring protein surface curvature

A natural way to measure protein surface curvature is to generate the least squares fitted (LSF) sphere to a surface patch and use the radius as the curvature measure. While the concept is simple, the sphere-fitting problem is not trivial and known means of protein surface curvature measurement use alternative schemes that are arguably less straightforward to interpret. We have developed an approach to solve the LSF sphere problem by turning the sphere-fitting problem into a solvable plane-fitting problem using a transformation known as geometric inversion. The approach works on any arbitrary surface patch, and returns a radius of curvature that has direct physical interpretation. Additionally, it is flexible in its ability to find the curvature of an arbitrary surface patch, and the "resolution" can be adjusted to highlight atomic features or larger features such as peptide binding sites. We include examples of applying the method to visualization of peptide recognition pockets and protein conformational change, as well as a comparison with a commonly used solid-angle curvature method showing that the LSF method produces more pronounced curvature results.
Hypothyroid myopathy with a strikingly elevated serum creatine kinase level

Although serum creatine kinase (CK) levels are frequently modestly elevated in patients with hypothyroid myopathy, elevations in serum CK to the levels usually seen in inflammatory myopathies or dystrophies are rare. We report a patient with progressive proximal weakness and a serum CK level of over 29,000 IU/L, in whom subsequent laboratory evaluation identified profound hypothyroidism. Thyroid hormone replacement therapy resulted in resolution of clinical symptoms and a marked reduction in the serum CK level. Such a high serum CK level in a patient with hypothyroidism underscores the importance of assessing thyroid function in patients with weakness, regardless of serum CK levels, even when systemic symptoms and signs of hypothyroidism are minimal or absent.
Racial Differences among Users of Long-Term Care: The Case of Adult Day Care

A representative sample of 317 adult day care (ADC) participants from most ADC centers in Missouri in 1990 is analyzed to determine whether there are different patterns of ADC use by African-Americans and Whites. The data show that African-American elderly use ADC at twice the rate of older Whites. No racial differences were found in the functional or cognitive need levels of participants, but African-American participants are much more likely than Whites to depend on children as primary caregivers and to rely on Medicaid. Multivariate analysis shows that caregiver variables are as important as need, predisposing, and enabling variables in explaining the number of days per week of ADC used. African-American elderly will be especially affected by incorporating caregiver needs into research and policy.
Electronic/computational textiles and children's crafts

An astonishing array of new technologies is currently effecting a revolution in the professional design of textile artifacts. This integration of electronics and computation into textiles likewise suggests new directions in the practice of children's crafts. In this paper, we present a classification scheme that we believe will prove useful in structuring exploration and discussion of new directions in children's textile-based crafts. Within the context of this classification scheme, we describe several projects in our lab (along with early pilot-testing efforts) that offer examples of how children can work with computationally enriched textiles. We conclude by describing several extremely exciting-but nonetheless plausible-scenarios for continued work in this area.
Crossing Public-Private and Personal-Professional Boundaries: How Changes in Technology May Affect CEOs' Communication

When Chiquita Brands considered relocating its corporate headquarters, competing cities started Twitter campaigns to influence the decision by communicating directly with the chief executive officer. As he used the new microblogging channel, some of his previously private communication became public, some personal communication became professional, and some professional communication became personal. The case shows how social media can significantly affect chief executive officers’ communication by encouraging boundary crossing. Understanding the connections between the private versus public and personal versus professional rhetorical categories will help business communicators make wise choices as technology continues to introduce new social media and other channel options.
Rate of physical aging of polycarbonate at a constant tensile strain

A study was made of the physical aging of an annealed polycarbonate film at a constant extension of 2.6% at 5 temperatures from 30 to 110°C. During stress relaxation at the constant extension, the storage modulus in tension, E′, was determined by imposing a sinusoidal strain of small amplitude at frequencies up to 25 Hz during an aging period, commonly of 5 h. Plots of log E′ against log f, where f is the frequency, gave parallel straight lines, each at a different aging (elapsed) time te. These lines were superposed by shifts along the abscissa. The obtained shift factors log a varied linearly with log te, the slope being the aging rate μ, a quantity introduced by Struik. The results show that μ is about 1.37 at 30°C and that it increases progressively with the temperature and becomes approximately 2.13 at 110°C. Another measure of the aging rate is the rate of increase of E′ with te, expressed as the percent increase per decade of the aging time. This quantity also increases progressively with the temperature from about 2.6% at 30°C to nearly 3.5% per decade of time at 110°C.
New evidence of iron and zinc interplay at the enterocyte and neural tissues

Because combined iron-zinc supplementation regimens are employed with increasing frequency in field trials to combat co-occurring iron and zinc deficiencies, there is a growing concern for potential antagonisms between these 2 metals. Several supplementation trials hinted at such a competition, and the intestinal divalent metal transporter-1 (DMT1) has often been cited as a possible site for its occurrence. We summarize new evidence showing that although iron does seem to reduce the absorption of zinc, the DMT1 is an unlikely site for this absorptive antagonism by virtue of the fact that zinc is not transported by the DMT1. We also propose a shift in thinking about iron-zinc interactions from the level of enterocyte to other sites/systems in the body that may be equally relevant for the outcome and interpretation of supplementation trials. We present an overview of iron and zinc absorption and function in neural tissue as one example of possible interactions.
Minireview: Pref-1: Role in Adipogenesis and Mesenchymal Cell Fate

Preadipocyte factor-1 [Pref-1; also called Dlk1 (Delta-like protein 1)] is made as an epidermal growth factor-repeat containing transmembrane protein that produces a biologically active soluble form by TNF-α-converting enzyme (TACE)-mediated cleavage. Soluble Pref-1 activates the MAPK kinase/ERK pathway. In adipose tissue, Pref-1 is specifically expressed in preadipocytes but not in adipocytes and thus is used as a preadipocyte marker. Inhibition of adipogenesis by Pref-1 has been well established in vitro as well as in vivo by ablation and overexpression of Pref-1. SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 9 (Sox9), a transcription factor expressed in preadipocytes to suppress CCAAT enhancer binding protein β and (C/EBP) δ expression, is required to be down-regulated before adipocyte differentiation can proceed. By activating MAPK kinase/ERK, Pref-1 prevents down-regulation of Sox9, resulting in inhibition of adipogenesis. Furthermore, by inducing Sox9, Pref-1 promotes chondrogenic induction of mesenchymal cells but prevents chondrocyte maturation as well as osteoblast differentiation. Thus, Pref-1 directs multipotent mesenchymal cells toward the chondrogenic lineage but inhibits differentiation into adipocytes as well as osteoblasts and chondrocytes. Pref-1, encoded by an imprinted gene, has also been detected in progenitor cells in various tissues during regeneration and therefore may have a more general role in maintaining cells in an undifferentiated state.
Structural materials for Gen-IV nuclear reactors: Challenges and opportunities

Generation-IV reactor design concepts envisioned thus far cater toward a common goal of providing safer, longer lasting, proliferation-resistant and economically viable nuclear power plants. The foremost consideration in the successful development and deployment of Gen-IV reactor systems is the performance and reliability issues involving structural materials for both in-core and out-of-core applications. The structural materials need to endure much higher temperatures, higher neutron doses and extremely corrosive environment, which are beyond the experience of the current nuclear power plants. Materials under active consideration for use in different reactor components include various ferritic/martensitic steels, austenitic stainless steels, nickel-base superalloys, ceramics, composites, etc. This paper presents a summary of various Gen-IV reactor concepts, with emphasis on the structural materials issues depending on the specific application areas. This paper also discusses the challenges involved in using the existing materials under both service and off-normal conditions. Tasks become increasingly complex due to the operation of various fundamental phenomena like radiation-induced segregation, radiation-enhanced diffusion, precipitation, interactions between impurity elements and radiation-produced defects, swelling, helium generation and so forth. Further, high temperature capability (e.g. creep properties) of these materials is a critical, performance-limiting factor. It is demonstrated that novel alloy and microstructural design approaches coupled with new materials processing and fabrication techniques may mitigate the challenges, and the optimum system performance may be achieved under much demanding conditions.
Underinsurance for recently recommended vaccines in private health plans.

Underinsurance for vaccines presents financial barriers to vaccination. Preventive services coverage is of interest in national healthcare reform. To assess vaccine benefits coverage in private health plans. Private health insurance carriers were surveyed December 2008–June 2009 on policies regarding vaccine coverage in fully insured plans. Carriers were identified as multi-state, state-specific Blue Cross or local-independent carriers. Plan types included HMO, PPO, POS and ‘other.’ Full benefits coverage was defined as having benefits without a copay or coinsurance for a recommended vaccine. Analyses were conducted to examine associations between carrier type, plan type, and full benefits coverage. Fifty-one carriers (response rate = 56 %) provided data for 78 unique plans, reflecting over 47 million private plan enrollees. Full benefits coverage was highest for combined tetanus/diphtheria/acellular pertussis (74 %) and lower for pneumococcal conjugate (72 %), rotavirus (72 %), human papillomavirus (71 %), hepatitis A (68 %), meningococcal conjugate (67 %), inactivated influenza (67 %), live attenuated influenza (63 %) and zoster (57 %) vaccines. Compared with plans offered by state-specific Blue Cross carriers, significantly higher proportions of multi-state carriers and local independent carriers had plans with full benefits coverage for vaccines (p < 0.05). Compared with PPO and “other” plans, significantly higher proportions of HMO and POS plans had full benefits coverage for vaccines (p < 0.05). In this national study, levels of underinsurance for immunization leave room for improvement. State-specific Blue Cross plans and indemnity or high-deductible plans are least likely to offer full coverage for recently recommended vaccines, and may face changes with incorporation of “essential health benefits” requirements.
The marketization of foreign news

Audience segmentation is generally associated with strategic communication (such as advertising and public relations), where content is manipulated to suit reader preferences. News has generally been considered truth-telling unvarnished by such concerns. This article compares how news of the same humanitarian crisis was designed by 10 news organizations in seven countries for different market segments. Comparisons showed statistically significant differences in representation, influenced in part by what the audience-market was. Like advertising, news seemed to share an attribute with the strategic design of advertising and public relations. Increasingly carried online, news will be vulnerable to click-based customization of content like advertising is, taking us beyond currently observed geopolitical influences on segmentation to advertiser and market-based differences.
Preliminary results on crashes in a validation study for a new simulated assessment of driving performance for novice teen drivers

Background Driving simulators offer a safer alternative to on-road driving for driving performance evaluation. However, few protocols for novice teen drivers have been validated for ability to differentiate safe from unsafe driving performance. Aims To test the construct validity of a new simulated driving assessment by comparing count of crashes among novice teen and experienced adult drivers. Methods We recruited and enrolled novice teen (age 16–17, ≤90 days licensure) and experienced adult (age 25–50, ≥5 years licensure) drivers to complete 3 experimental drives which were designed to reflect the situations that led to the most prevalent types of teen crashes (left-turn, rear-end, and run-off-road events) identified in the National Motor Vehicle Crash Causation Survey. Using a fixed-base high fidelity driving simulator (160° field of view) we collected simulator data and derived variables for crashes (collisions with vehicles and run-off-road events). We describe results from initial participants with evaluable data (n=9 novice teen and n=7 adult experienced drivers). Results Preliminary results indicate the 9 novice teens had a total of 10 crashes (range per teen=0–3) and the 7 adult experienced drivers had a total of 4 crashes (range per adult=0–3). In the sample, 56% of the novice teen and 29% of the experienced adults drivers were involved in one or more crashes. Significance The results from our initial participants indicate support for the construct validity of our simulated driving assessment. With further validation, it has potential to facilitate cross-cultural comparisons of standardised evaluation of driver trainee strategies.
Connectors - a framework for building graphical applications in Squeak

Connectors is a framework for building structured drawing editors using Squeak. The rich component library provided with Connectors makes it easy to customize shapes and connectors, in many cases without writing any code. This paper describes how Connectors can be used to quickly construct a Squeak application for editing and visualizing structured data. It describes the entire process of developing a simple Connectors application, including customizing connectors, connection policy, shapes, toolbars, flaps, and worlds. Integration with the Genie gesture recognition system and the eToy tile scripting system is also described.
Consumer-Directed Community Care: Race/Ethnicity and Individual Differences in Preferences for Control

Purpose. Even though consumer-directed care models are being advocated for use among elder populations, there are few data on the extent of elder interest in participating in the management of community long-term-care services, who they want involved in making these decisions, or their perceptions regarding the relative importance of different service choices. In addition, little is known about how elder preferences for consumer direction may vary by race/ ethnicity. Design and Methods. With use of a cross-sectional research design, a sample of 731 elders including 200 African American, 200 Chinese, 131 Latino, and 200 White Western European American elders was investigated. New measures were created to assess level of control desired by elders in different areas of community long-term-care service delivery and preference for consumer direction. Results. Multivariate analyses found significant differences between and within race/ethnic groups for preferences for levels of consumer-directed care. Implications. Study findings suggest that consumer direction occurs along a continuum, with elders desiring control over some service areas but not others, and the importance of recognizing heterogeneity within racial/ethnic groups regarding consumer-directed care.
Assessing drug use during follow-up: direct comparison of candidate outcome definitions in pooled analyses of addiction treatment studies

Background: Selection of appropriate outcome measures is important for clinical studies of drug addiction treatment. Researchers use various methods for collecting drug use outcomes and must consider substances to be included in a urine drug screen (UDS); accuracy of self-report; use of various instruments and procedures for collecting self-reported drug use; and timing of outcome assessments. Objectives: We sought to define a set of candidate measures to (1) assess their intercorrelation and (2) identify any differences in results. Methods: Data were combined from completed protocols in the National Institute on Drug Abuse Clinical Trials Network (CTN), with a total of 1897 participants. We defined nine outcome measures based on UDS, self-report, or a combination. Multivariable, multilevel generalized estimating equation models were used to assess subgroup differences in intervention success, controlling for baseline differences and accounting for clustering by CTN protocols. Results: There were high cor...
Future livelihoods in Mexico City: A glimpse into the new millennium

Abstract This paper examines probable scenarios of Mexico City's future look ahead into the first quarter of the next century. Based upon current processes and trends, the likely demographic, economic, and cultural changes are identified. Specifically these include: a downturn in population growth, with settlement expansion moving even further outwards and some inner-city redevelopment; a gradually (middle)-aging population; an increasing local neighborhood orientation and a hybridization of culture; and rising tendency for the homeplace and workplace to overlap. Although major problems confront the city, the author remains optimistic about the medium and long-term resilience of the city and its inhabitants to survive, if not to thrive.
RU-486 blocks differentially suppressive effect of stress on in vivo anti-KLH immunoglobulin response

Exposure to stressors can affect various aspects of immune function, including the antibody response. We have previously reported that rats exposed to an acute session of inescapable tail shock (IS) show long-term reductions in anti-keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) immunoglobulin (Ig) M and IgG and a failure to expand Th1-like cells in response to KLH. To further investigate the potential role of decreased Th1-like cells in the IS-induced reduction of anti-KLH Ig, we examined two isotypes of IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a. Isotype switching is under cytokine control. Interleukin-4 helps B cells switch from making IgM to making IgG1, whereas interferon (IFN)-gamma helps B cells switch from making IgM to making IgG2a. In this paper we report that IS exposure reduces IFN-gamma levels 4 days after exposure to IS+KLH compared with immunized home cage controls. In addition, IS exposure reduced the Th1 cytokine-sensitive anti-KLH IgG2a but not Th2 cytokine-sensitive anti-KLH IgG1. This pattern of isotype reduction suggests that a failure to expand the Th1 cell, which results in less IFN-gamma, may contribute to the the IS-induced reduction in anti-KLH Ig. Glucocorticoids (GCs) differentially regulate Th1 and Th2 cells. Administration of the type II GC receptor antagonist RU-486 before IS blocked the IS-induced suppression in anti-KLH IgM, IgG, and IgG2a. Corticosterone (2.5 mg/kg), however, did not produce the suppression in anti-KLH Ig. These results support a role of corticosterone in mediating IS-induced reductions in in vivo antibody.
MK-801 reduces uptake and stimulates efflux of excitatory amino acids via membrane depolarization

MK-801 and related compounds reduce excitotoxic neuronal injury by blocking N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptorgated ion channels. These agents also cause neuronal vacuolization and block glutamate-induced astrocyte swelling, effects that may be unrelated to actions at the NMDA receptor. In the present study, high concentrations of MK-801 (100-1,000 microM) caused uncompetitive inhibition of glutamate uptake in astrocyte and neuronal cultures and stimulated D-aspartate efflux from astrocytes. MK-801 (500 microM) reduced the maximal velocity for glutamate uptake in astrocytes from 31 to 17 nmol.mg protein-1.min-1, whereas competitive NMDA receptor antagonists did not affect glutamate uptake. MK-801 also inhibited uptake of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Because both GABA uptake and glutamate uptake are electrogenic, one mechanism by which MK-801 could inhibit uptake is by membrane depolarization. Whole cell patch-clamp recording confirmed that MK-801 in the range of 100-1,000 microM caused dose-dependent and reversible depolarization. These concentrations are far higher than necessary to block NMDA receptors, and the findings suggest that actions at sites other than NMDA receptors could contribute to the effects of high doses of MK-801 in some experimental and clinical settings.
The Effects of Spatial Enclosure on Social Interaction Between Older Adults With Dementia and Young Children.

Objective:To examine the impact of spatial enclosures on social interaction between older adults with early stage dementia and young children.Background:Intergenerational interaction through meanin...
Barriers to Cost and Clinical Efficiency with Telehomecare and Proposed Solutions

Efficiency gains are often promoted as a benefit of using technology. In home care, telehealth technology provides an opportunity for cost and clinical efficiency gains through the efficient use of monitoring technology in conjunction with in-person contact. However, most telehomecare programs use the technology in addition to the in-person visits. This study was a randomised controlled field study comparing the effects of a telehomecare intervention that substitutes for some standard home care services for patients following hospital discharge for heart failure with the effects of standard home care services alone. Contrary to study goals, findings revealed the patients in the technology group received more visits and a longer period in home care than the usual care group. As requested in the conference call for papers, the purpose of this paper is to describe the issues and barriers the team faced in implementing a substitution protocol and to propose solutions that may promote cost and clinical efficiency in future work. Keywords-telehealth; telehomecare; visit pattern; efficiency.
Application of the ordered-subsets transmission reconstruction algorithm to contrast-enhanced dual-energy digital breast tomosynthesis

Contrast-enhanced dual-energy digital breast tomosynthesis (CE-DE-DBT) has a potential clinical impact for diagnostic breast imaging. Typically, CE-DE-DBT involves iodine contrast injection, image acquisitions at high energy (HE) and low energy (LE), weighted subtraction of the acquired data and finally reconstruction of the subtracted data. The resulting reconstruction displays iodinated structures against a noisy background that is the residual of imperfect subtraction of the anatomical breast structure. We hypothesize that CE-DE-DBT can be improved by using a reconstruction that yields better signal contrast and stronger background suppression as compared to that obtained using conventional reconstructions. We replace the commonly used FBP and SART reconstructions by a penalized likelihood reconstruction, OSTR (ordered-subsets transmission reconstruction). We used an ordinary quadratic smoothing regularizer as well as an edge-preserving Lange prior. OSTR is applied separately to the HE and LE data with weighted subtraction performed in the reconstructed domain. We obtained projection data using a Siemens CEDET DBT scanner and a customized CIRS020 phantom that reflected adipose and glandular spatial variability and included an array of iodine inserts of varying contrast and size. The data was scatter corrected and reconstructed using the three methods. We measured image quality by SDNR (signal-difference-to-noise-ratio) at each of the 16 iodine inserts. In all 16 cases, SDNR was best for OSTR and worst for FBP. Our iodine inserts had high contrast, but in a clinical setting, it may be important to visualize weaker iodine signals. OSTR, a form of penalized likelihood reconstruction, may find use in improving CE-DE-DBT.
THE ACTIN CYTOSKELETON IN HYPHAL CELLS OF SCLEROTIUM ROLFSII

The distribution of the actin cytoskeleton was examined in hyphal tips of the plant pathogenic fungus Sclerotium rolfsii. Actin was visualized with light microscopy using immunofluorescence techniques and with ultrastructural immunocytochemistry. Computer-aided, three-dimensional reconstruction analysis of ultrathin serial sections and immunoblot analysis techniques were also employed in this study. Immunofluorescence data indicated that the majority of actin was localized in brightly fluorescent plaques that were principally localized in the first 10 to 12 gm of the hyphal tip. Focusing through the hyphal cell revealed that most plaques were positioned in the peripheral cytoplasmic regions. Actin microfilaments were not resolved at the light microscopic level; however, coarse actin fibers oriented parallel to the long hyphal axis were observed in subapical regions and in association with septa. A diffuse, amorphous cytoplasmic staining was present in the apical regions of the hypha except for that area occupied by the Spitzenk6rper. Ultrastructural immunocytochemistry and three-dimensional reconstruction analysis suggested that the fibrillar coating of filasomes contained actin and that filasomes represented the ultrastructural equivalent of actin plaques. Immunoblot analysis of total protein extracts separated by one-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis identified two actin related proteins, one with a relative molecular mass of 43,000 and the other migrating with a slightly higher molecular mass of 47,500.
The effect of hospital organizational characteristics on postoperative complications.

ObjectivesTo determine if there is a relationship between the risk of postoperative complications and the nonclinical hospital characteristics of bed size, ownership structure, relative urbanicity, regional location, teaching status, and area income status.MethodsThis study involved a secondary anal
Unique carboxyl-terminal sequences of wild type and alternatively spliced variant forms of transforming growth factor-α precursors mediate specific interactions with ErbB4 and ErbB2

Unique carboxyl-terminal sequences of wild type and alternatively spliced variant forms of transforming growth factor-α precursors mediate specific interactions with ErbB4 and ErbB2
Are graduate social work students mindful

ABSTRACTDoes the current common practice of traditional teaching of social work coupled with experiential learning in field placements foster mindfulness in graduate students? Using the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (Brown & Ryan, 2003) a cohort of 100 MSW (Master of Social Work) students were surveyed on their development of mindfulness during their first and last semesters. Instead of an increase in mindfulness, a significant decrease was found. During qualitative interviews, students reported multiple opportunities within their MSW experience to learn and practice mindfulness. Yet, these opportunities were not sufficient to raise the mindfulness level of the MSW cohort. Future studies which identify effective means to increase student mindfulness are recommended.
Constructing Academic Community: Power, Relationality, Hospitality, and Conversation

Academic community can be considered from a variety of disciplinary perspectives. Exploring it from a philosophical point of view can incorporate other perspectives and identify basic common agencies that enable or diminish community. Using a philosophical organic perspective, I explore the four common agencies of power, relationality, hospitality, and conversation. I have primarily in mind the academic community that faculty create.
Application of Coordinated Control System for 600 MW Supercritical Units in Chongxin Power Station

The coordinated control system for 660MW supercritical unit is analyzed,it has been optimized during the commissioning of the unit.The practice result shows that the unit is stability and the regulating quality is excellent,in the load range of 40%~100% MCR,the unit makes fine in the adaptability to the variety of load.This work provides a good reference for the design of the coordinated control system of large supercritical unit.
“Always on and always on them”: Portable radios and the creation of the mobile media experience:

This article investigates the early history of portable radio in the United States from 1920 through 1954. As the first mobile electronic device, the portable radio reveals important information about how the mobile media experience has developed over time. Portable radio afforded several new experiences that are relevant to today’s media landscape: it allowed users to create customizable, mobile media environments that they could take with them wherever they went; it redefined the radio listening context by allowing users to bring their preferred forms of entertainment with them when travelling to unfamiliar places; and it facilitated more continuous media consumption habits. This interdisciplinary essay combines close textual analysis of historical newspaper articles and advertisements, which are viewed through the lens of a range of media theories. The goal is to uncover some of the complex effects of early mobile media and to lay the groundwork for future in-depth studies of mobile media history.
Cellular Activity of New Small Molecule Protein Arginine Deiminase 3 (PAD3) Inhibitors

The protein arginine deiminases (PADs) catalyze the post-translational deimination of arginine side chains. Multiple PAD isozymes have been characterized, and abnormal PAD activity has been associated with several human disease states. PAD3 has been characterized as a modulator of cell growth via apoptosis inducing factor and has been implicated in the neurodegenerative response to spinal cord injury. Here, we describe the design, synthesis, and evaluation of conformationally constrained versions of the potent and selective PAD3 inhibitor 2. The cell activity of representative inhibitors in this series was also demonstrated for the first time by rescue of thapsigargin-induced cell death in PAD3-expressing HEK293T cells.
A Profile of Direct Mail Purchasers in U.S.A. and New Zealand

This cross cultural study examines direct mail purchasers and non-purchasers in New Zealand and the United States. Telephone surveys were conducted in Auckland in New Zealand, and Des Moines in the United States. Direct mail purchasers and non-purchasers in the two samples were examined for similarities and differences in demographic, and purchase behavioral characteristics. The findings are presented and discussed.
Urinary Tract Infections Caused by Proteus mirabilis

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common nosocomial infections. Proteus mirabilis is a frequent cause of these infections in individuals with abnormal urinary tracts or using indwelling catheters (CAUTIs). Since most research on non-E. coli uropathogens has been conducted on P. mirabilis, this organism serves a model of pathogenesis for these types of infections. To establish and infect the urinary tract, P. mirabilis must possess virulence factors to adapt to the local environment and to evade the host immune response. The virulence factors known to be involved in UTIs caused by P. mirabilis include adhesins, motility, biofilm formation, immunoavoidance, toxins and nutrient acquisition. The annotation of the P. mirabilis genome and transcriptome profiling have allowed for better understanding of the disease process caused by this bacteria in the urinary tract. This chapter reiterates previous works discussed in the first edition and introduce current research being performed on this uropathogen.
Fractures of the proximal radius and ulna: Coronoid fractures

Abstract Fractures of the coronoid were previously reported based on their size. More recently, a mechanistic approach has been taken to improve the way in which these fractures are managed. Coronoid fractures should be understood insofar as how they relate to other injuries in the elbow. The goal of this chapter is to educate the reader on the types of coronoid fractures based on their mechanism of injury and associated ligamentous and bony injuries. The body of the chapter describes the coronoid fractures identified in axial loading—posterolateral rotatory and posteromedial rotatory instability patterns. Next, a description of surgical technique based on the injury patterns is presented. Finally, the biomechanics, postoperative rehabilitation, and outcomes after coronoid fracture fixation are discussed. A specific section devoted to complications is found at the end of the chapter.