cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Motif-Based Design for Connected Vehicle Systems in Presence of Heterogeneous Connectivity Structures and Time Delays

In this paper, we investigate the effects of heterogeneous connectivity structures and information delays on the dynamics of connected vehicle systems (CVSs), which are composed of vehicles equipped with connected cruise control (CCC) as well as conventional vehicles. First, a general framework is presented for CCC design that incorporates information delays and allows a large variety of connectivity structures. Then, we present delay-dependent criteria for plant stability and head-to-tail string stability of CVSs. The stability conditions are visualized by using stability diagrams, which allow one to evaluate the robustness of vehicle networks against information delays. To achieve modular and scalable design of large networks, we also propose a motif-based approach. Our results demonstrate the advantages of CCC vehicles in improving traffic efficiency, but also show that increasing the penetration of CCC vehicles does not necessarily improve the robustness if the connectivity structure or the control gains are not appropriately designed.
Assessing spatiotemporal relationships between wildfire and mountain pine beetle disturbances across multiple time lags

Native bark beetles and wildfire are among the most prominent natural disturbances in the conifer forests of western North America. Using multiple approaches and scales, researchers have sought to understand how each disturbance may, or may not, influence the subsequent likelihood or severity of the other disturbance. Our objectives were to complement existing research on the linkage of mountain pine beetle and wildfire disturbances by combining large-scale spatial data at variable temporal resolutions to characterize the discrepancy between observed and expected overlap areas of fire and beetle disturbances. Multiple time lags, differing by 1-yr intervals, spanning the 30-yr period 1984–2014 in the U.S. states of Washington and Oregon were examined for wildfire following bark beetle epidemics and for beetle epidemics following wildfire. We used existing spatial data sets of wildfires and insect pest disturbances to perform overlay analyses to characterize the two relationships. We also compared years of peak vs. non-peak fires, as well as the influence of several individual, large disturbances. We found a clear association of increased bark beetle epidemic shortly after wildfire. The evidence of an association between increased fire extent and severity following bark beetle epidemics was less straightforward, although it suggested that the nature of the observed patterns varied with fire severity. In some cases, individual disturbance seasons or events were highly influential on the overall trends. Variability in the results highlights the challenges of quantifying landscape-level relationships among disturbance types and supports the existing calls for further analyses with additional ecological variables.
Microsurgical Resection After Failed Gamma Knife Radiosurgery of Papillary Tumor of the Pineal Gland.

Abstract Primary papillary tumors of the pineal region (PTPR) are rare entities with distinct histopathological characteristics. Most common surgical approaches include the supra-cerebellar infratentorial corridor or the occipital interhemispheric approach. Gamma knife radiosurgery (GKRS) is an acceptable treatment modality for parenchymal tumors of the pineal gland, and often used as a primary treatment modality for asymptomatic and indolent lesions, and as an adjunct to surgical resection. In this presentation, we describe the surgical nuances of posterior interhemispheric approach in an elderly male with a previously failed empirical GKRS. Intraoperatively, the tumor was mostly avascular, presumed to be due to prior GKRS; however, a good tumor-brain interface allowed a gross total resection of the mass. Histopathological examination of the mass was consistent with PTPR. Post-operative course was uneventful and long-term follow up showed no signs of tumor recurrence. The video discusses radiological findings, clinic-pathological correlates, and emphasizes on key microsurgical techniques including the significance of patient positioning and incision type for meticulous resection of pineal tumors.
Resurgent Mass Partisanship Revisited: The Role of Media Choice in Clarifying Elite Ideology:

Elite polarization is at an all-time high. Has this division filtered down into the public, and is this trend being exacerbated by expanded media choice in the postbroadcast era? Using National Ann...
B7-H1 Influences the Accumulation of Virus-Specific Tissue Resident Memory T Cells in the Central Nervous System.

Therapies that target the PD-1/B7-H1 axis have revolutionized cancer treatment, yet precise knowledge of how this pathway provides benefit continues to evolve. Here, we report a novel role for the immune checkpoint ligand B7-H1 in the accumulation of tissue-resident memory CD8+ T-cells (TRM). After intracranial infection, Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) generates TRM that are maintained in the central nervous system (CNS) tissues of B7-H1WT animals. Although no differences in acute T-cell responses between B7-H1WT and B7-H1KO are observed, at long-term periods post-infection the maintenance of CD8+ TRM is diminished in B7-H1KO animals. This is accompanied by redistribution of the resident CD8+ population from primarily CD103+ TRM to a diminished population of TRM and a preponderance of non-specified PD-1+ CD103- CD8+ T-cells. T-cell transfer studies demonstrate that host B7-H1 is necessary for maintaining TRM and limiting accumulation of PD-1+ CD103- CD8+ T-cells. The lack of host B7-H1 results in compromised control of a heterologous virus re-challenge demonstrating a functional defect in TRM mediated virus control. This study reveals a new role for B7-H1 in TRM and pro-inflammatory PD-1+ CD103- CD8+ T-cell accumulation in the CNS and gives insight for using B7-H1/PD-1 blockade in modulating long-term T-cell protection.
Clopidogrel and coronary stenting: what is the next question?

Today, following coronary stenting, clopidogrel has largely replaced ticlopidine as part of combination antiplatelet therapy following coronary stenting primarily due to its better tolerability. While there is no randomized, blinded, efficacy trial of ticlopidine versus clopidogrel, there are ample data from a number of observational studies, randomized non-blinded trials, and a randomized blinded safety trial to prove that clopidogrel is not only safer than ticlopidine, but also at least as efficacious following stenting. With over 10,000 treated patients, pooled data suggest similar rates of stent thrombosis (clopidogrel 0.98% vs. ticlopidine 0.98%) and lower rates of major adverse cardiac events with clopidogrel (clopidogrel 1.63% vs. ticlopidine 4.52%, p<0.001), with a clear advantage for clopidogrel regarding adverse events (clopidogrel 5.91% vs. ticlopidine 9.75%, p<0.001). With clopidogrel's superior safety and at least equivalent efficacy, the question of “which thienopyridine?” post-stenting has been answered. Now the questions “how much?”, “how soon?” and “how long?” must be addressed. The Clopidogrel for the Reduction of Events During Observation (CREDO) trial is a multi-center, double-blind, randomized trial designed to answer these remaining questions. CREDO will evaluate the efficacy and safety of clopidogrel pretreatment versus no pretreatment, and prolonged (1 year), versus short-term (1 month) dual antiplatelet therapy in 2,000 patients undergoing planned or highly probable coronary intervention with a stent.
The beneficiation of lithium minerals from hard rock ores: A review

Abstract The demand for lithium minerals has increased considerably in recent years due to the application of lithium compounds in lithium ion battery technology, portable electronic gadgets and power storage systems. Spodumene is the main lithium bearing mineral which is currently being explored and processed due to its high lithium content and the extensive occurrence of deposits. This literature review focuses on the various techniques used in the beneficiation of lithium minerals from hard rock pegmatite ores. Dense media separation and flotation are the main beneficiation methods used for the separation of lithium minerals from ores. The close similarity in chemical and physical properties between lithium minerals and associated gangue minerals complicates the beneficiation of lithium minerals from ores. Surface chemistry of minerals, type of collector, pulp pH, chemical pre-treatment methods, and the presence of slimes play key roles in lithium minerals flotation. This review also deals with the beneficiation flowsheets employed at some of the larger lithium processing plants in the world. Spodumene from pegmatite deposits is expected to be the main source of lithium from ores at present although future sources would most probably include other minerals such as lepidolite, petalite, zinnwaldite, jadarite and hectorite.
What Is the Best Risk Stratification Tool for a Patient with a Suspected Upper GI Bleed

Initial management for upper GI bleeding should always focus on hemodynamic resuscitation prior to risk stratification. Once resuscitation has begun, the three most commonly used risk stratification tools are the Glasgow-Blatchford Score (GBS), the Rockall score, and the AIM65. The GBS has been validated as a tool to discharge patients from the ED for outpatient upper endoscopy. The Rockall score and the AIM65 are most helpful when deciding if the patient needs an intensive care setting and predicting mortality and for stratifying urgency of endoscopy. Lactate and lactate clearance after resuscitation may also be used as a predictor of patient outcomes in the setting of an upper GI bleed. There are no validated clinical decision tools for risk stratification of lower GI bleeding.
QualiSex: estudo da associação entre a qualidade de vida e a sexualidade nos idosos numa população do Porto

Introducao: A sexualidade e uma das dimensoes com impacto na qualidade de vida, mesmo na populacao idosa, mas nao existem estudos que evidenciem uma relacao entre ambos os parâmetros, nesta faixa etaria. O SF-12, questionario que avalia a qualidade de vida e que esta validado para a populacao portuguesa, integra oito aspectos: funcao fisica, desempenho fisico, dor, saude geral, vitalidade, funcao social, desempenho emocional e saude mental. Objectivos: Caracterizar a sexualidade na populacao idosa numa area urbana de Portugal e estabelecer relacao com a qualidade de vida. Metodos: Estudo observacional, transversal e descritivo, com componente analitico. A populacao estudada foram os utentes inscritos na Unidade de Saude Familiar de Ramalde, com idade ≥ 65 anos. Obteve-se uma amostragem aleatoria. Os utentes foram convidados telefonicamente a participar no estudo. Para aqueles que aceitaram agendou-se a realizacao de entrevista presencial, com um questionario estruturado em duas partes: uma elaborada pelos investigadores (variaveis sociodemograficas e variaveis relacionadas com a sexualidade); outra que corresponde ao questionario SF-12. A analise dos dados foi realizada atraves de estatistica descritiva e inferencial, recorrendo ao programa SPSS® v24. Resultados: A amostra incluiu 213 utentes, maioritariamente mulheres (59,2%), com idade media de 73 anos (desvio padrao=5,96). Metade dos utentes tinha vida sexual ativa (maioritariamente homens) e 75% referiu satisfacao com a vida sexual. O genero masculino atribuiu maior importância a vida sexual. Verificou-se uma associacao entre uma vida sexual ativa e algumas dimensoes do SF-12, em ambos os generos. A satisfacao das mulheres com a sua vida sexual relacionou-se com a dimensao “saude mental”. Discussao: Este estudo pioneiro focou um tema que tem sido negligenciado. Demonstrou-se a importância da sexualidade numa faixa etaria por vezes considerada “assexuada” e o seu impacto na qualidade de vida, o que reforca a pertinencia da abordagem destas questoes nas consultas.
Interstitial Irradiation of Carcinoma of the Prostate with 125Iodine and Simultaneous Extraperitoneal Pelvic Lymphadenectomy in 32 Patients: Trials, Tribulations and Possible Triumphs

A series of 32 patients with carcinoma of the prostate who underwent 125iodine interstitial irradiation to the prostate and simultaneous extraperitoneal pelvic lymphadenectomy was reviewed. The patients were segregated into 3 groups: group 1-patients with early localized low grade disease, group 2-patients with advanced localized high grade disease and group 3-patients with early localized high grade disease and those with advanced localized low grade disease. Owing to the high degree of predictability of the absence or presence of pelvic lymph node metastasis in patients in groups 1 and 2 and the morbidity associated with superficial pelvic lymphadenectomy we do not advocate this procedure in these patients. However, we advocate pelvic lymphadenectomy in patients in group 3 because of the unpredictability of lymph node metastasis. Furthermore, our data indicate that 1) the morbidity of the combined procedures is relatively low, with no patients becoming incontinent and only 12.5 per cent becoming impotent, 2) 125iodine interstitial irradiation of the prostate after transurethral prostatectomy is safer in terms of postoperative complications than is radical prostatectomy and 3) while superficial pelvic lymphadenectomy is not an innocuous procedure it generally is safe and, at times, an important diagnostic staging procedure.
Transcriptional profiling of Impatiens walleriana genes through different stages of downy mildew infection reveals novel genes involved in disease susceptibility

Abstract Impatiens downy mildew is a highly destructive disease of Impatiens walleriana , and economically important bedding ornamental crop. This disease is caused by a recently emerged pathogen Plasmopara obducens . Since both the host and pathogen are relatively less studied, there are only a few genomic resources available for both I. walleriana and P. obducens . In this study, we have analyzed transcriptional changes in I. walleriana in response to P. obducens infection during different stages of disease development. Our main goal was to identify candidate genes that may be involved in I. walleriana susceptibility to P. obducens . Since the genome of I. walleriana is not available publicly, we constructed and optimized a de novo transcriptome assembly consisting of 73,022 transcripts. Differential expression analysis based on this optimized de novo transcriptome assembly revealed 3,000 to 4,500 differentially expressed transcripts (DETs) at 0 hr, 12 hr, 48 hr, 120 hr, and 240 hr time points after infection. Functional annotation of these DETs revealed that numerous plant stress responsive genes are activated and deactivated throughout the infection cycle. Genes in the calcium signaling pathways, receptor-like kinases (RLKs) including 10 disease resistance associated RLK transcripts, powdery mildew resistance genes ( MLO ), and many other plant stress related genes were predominantly differentially expressed in I. walleriana in response to P. obducens . Analyses reported here provides molecular insights into the disease susceptibility mechanism of the Impatiens downy mildew, and lays out a strong foundation for future studies aimed at improving downy mildew resistance in I. walleriana .
Disparities in kindergarteners’ executive functions at kindergarten entry: Relations with parenting and child care

Abstract A growing body of research has begun to examine disparities in children’s early executive functions (EF), but few studies have examined disparities in EF based on parent education and whether parental beliefs regarding education and types of parental investments in early learning help explain them. The purpose of this study was to examine disparities in EF based on parental education at kindergarten entry and test whether parental beliefs and investments help explain these gaps. Using nationally representative data from the US Early Childhood Longitudinal Study (Kindergarten 2011) (n = 12,650), we found pronounced disparities in children’s EF at kindergarten entry, particularly for working memory. We also found that parent beliefs and investments were differentially associated with EF and that parental investments – frequent parent and child reading, a large number of books in the home, and enrollment in private center-based care – helped account for gaps in working memory.
The high school academy as a laboratory of equity, inclusion, and safety

Background and Context: Career academies emphasize learning in specific occupational contexts to enhance the relevance of student experiences. The premise is that the authenticity of occupational c...
Hierarchical taxonomy of psychopathology across development: Associations with personality

Abstract Normal-range personality provides a framework for the hierarchical organization of psychopathology. However, little is known about how personality-psychopathology associations differentiate across this hierarchy. The developmental aspects of this hierarchy and its personality framework are also understudied. We used National Comorbidity Survey data to construct bass-ackwards comorbidity models in age groups ranging from adolescence to middle adulthood and related the resulting dimensions to neuroticism, extraversion, and openness. Neuroticism showed stronger associations with internalizing versus externalizing and with broader versus narrower psychopathology dimensions. Extraversion showed comparatively weaker associations at all levels of psychopathology hierarchy. Openness was generally unrelated to psychopathology. Results were consistent across age groups, suggesting that psychopathology hierarchy and its relations with personality are largely stable across adolescence and adulthood.
Perception and practices of differential testing

Tens of thousands engineers are contributing to Google's codebase that spans billions of lines of code. To ensure high code quality, tremendous amount of effort has been made with new testing techniques and frameworks. However, with increasingly complex data structures and software systems, traditional test case based testing strategies cannot scale well to achieve the desired level of test adequacy. Differential (Diff) testing is one of the new testing techniques adapted to fill this gap. It uses the same input to run two versions of a software system, namely base and test, where base is the verified/tested version of the system while test is the modified version. The output of two runs are then thoroughly compared to find abnormalities that may lead to possible bugs. Over the past few years, differential testing has been quickly adopted by hundreds of teams across all major product areas at Google. Meanwhile, many new differential testing frameworks were developed to simplify the creation, maintenance, and analysis of diff tests. Curious by this emerging popularity, we conducted the first empirical study on differential testing in practice at large scale. In this study, we investigated common practices and usage of diff tests. We further explore the features of diff tests that users value the most and the pain points of using diff tests. Through this user study, we discovered that differential testing does not replace fine-grained testing techniques such as unit tests. Instead it supplements existing testing suites. It helps users verify the impact on unmodified and unfamiliar components in the absence of a test oracle. In terms of limitations, diff tests often take long time to run and appear to generate noisy and flaky outcomes. Finally, we highlight problems (including smart data differencing, sampling, and traceability) to guide future research in differential testing.
The Psychosocial Effects of Blindness: Implications for Program Planning in Sex Education.

The initiation of programs in sex education and family life in schools and agencies serving blind persons requires that consideration be given during the program planning stage to identification of...
Thank You for Being a Friend: A Social Network's Role in Attracting Backers to Crowdfunded Campaigns

This paper uses daily panel data to study the effects that entrepreneurs' social networks have on the success of their projects seeking capital from a potentially large group of individual investor...
Nietzsche's Naturalism: Neither Liberal nor Illiberal

It is no longer controversial that Nietzsche is some kind of philosophical naturalist, a view I argued for throughout the 1990s and then systematically in my 2002 book. As one scholar wrote subsequently: “Most commentators on Nietzsche would agree that he is in a broad sense a naturalist in his mature philosophy.” But Nietzsche is also not a “liberal naturalist”: while he rejects both the supernatural (as any naturalist must) and physicalism (in this regard he is not an “illiberal” naturalist), he countenances the reality only of that which is explicable by the various Wisssenschaften (sciences). And these sciences, on Nietzsche’s view, undermine the objectivity (or mind- or attitude-independence) of values, the first-personal point of view, and much of our common-sense or “folk” picture of the world. “Liberal naturalists” with their tolerance for objective values and reasons, and much of the “manifest image,” are from Nietzsche’s standpoint still in thrall to the same impulses that gave us belief in God: they want human beings to be “special,” while Nietzsche says the philosopher’s task is to repudiate the “dignified verbal pageantry” and “the false old finery, debris, and gold dust of unconscious human vanity.”
A modal-based approach for estimating electric vehicle energy consumption in transportation networks

Abstract Electric vehicles (EVs) will play a central role in future energy-efficient and sustainable transportation systems. Compared to the operation of conventional vehicles, EVs provide significantly reduced energy consumption and lower operating costs. With conventional vehicles, fuel use ties directly to the instantaneous energy consumption required to provide motive power to the wheels. Predicting the energy use can be much more complex for EVs with hybridized powertrains because the onboard vehicle systems are trying to balance the provision of power to the wheels as well as manage the state of charge (SOC) of the battery pack. Traditional modeling methodologies for estimating real-world vehicle energy consumption either depend on numerical analysis of laboratory or on-road vehicle test data or the use of full-system simulation tools. Unfortunately, full-system simulation tools suffer from scaling problems in the context of large transportation network, necessitating the development of approaches that support large transportation network projections of modal EV operations and applicable modal energy use rates (energy use for various on-road modes of operation) to predict EV energy consumption. In this study, a new modal-based approach for estimating EV energy consumption is proposed. The modal-based approach considers the variance of vehicle operating conditions and supports energy estimation for large-scale transportation networks. The Department of Energy’s full-system vehicle simulation tool known as Autonomie® is used to generate energy consumption rates for specific simulations of on-road operating conditions. A sample of EV models was first developed in Autonomie® to simulate a wide range of operating conditions and generate energy use rates for selected EVs. Classification and regression tree (CART) analysis was then applied to the simulation output data to generate energy consumption rates under distinct on-road operating conditions, as represented by combinations of vehicle speed, acceleration rate, and battery state of charge (SOC). A large-scale regional travel demand analysis was performed for the Atlanta, GA metropolitan area, integrating a variety of EV market share scenarios. The CART-derived energy consumption rates are then applied to the model-predicted link-by-link traffic attributes to estimate fleet energy consumption. The modeling framework employs MOVES-embedded driving cycles to represent on-road operations for average speed operating conditions and random initial SOC start levels as model inputs. The model results suggest a 50% PHEV market share can achieve a 30% energy savings without significantly adding to electricity load. This modeling approach can be used to assess network-level energy use for a wide-variety of modeled transportation studies, such as evaluating transportation improvement plans, assessing the net impact on the electric grid, and forecasting the potential benefits of electrifying shared-autonomous vehicles under future scenarios.
In-Situ Dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid -Catalyzed Transesterification of Micro Algae Chlorella Sp. for Biodiesel Production

Reducing the cost for kg of biodiesel produced from micro-algae species is an important issue and In situ transesterification process can be the key for the reduction of the overall cost. The yield of biodiesel from microalgae biomass was compared using consecutive steps (extraction-transesterification) and In situ transesterification processes. Chlorella sp. microalgae were investigated as a biomass for biodiesel production. The Dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid activity as a catalyst was tested for the two processes. DBSA catalyst accelerated the transesterification reaction, catalyzed the esterification reaction, reduced the formation of soap and had a hydrophobic structure. DBSA was verified to be a highly efficient catalyst for the Chlorella sp transesterification process. Methyl and ethyl alcohols were used in the processes. The parameters affecting on biodiesel yield and acid value for the In situ transesterification were optimized. The yield of biodiesel for the In situ transesterification process was higher than the yield for the two-step process (extraction-transesterification). The optimal conditions for the in situ transesterification process were found to be (alcohol to biomass ratio (v/w): 15, temperature: 338.15 K for methanol and 348.15 K for ethanol, catalyst ratio: 25%, reaction time: 4 h, mixing rate: 600 RPM).
Large Scale Structure Reconstruction with Short-Wavelength Modes

Large scale density modes are difficult to measure because they are sensitive to systematic observational errors in galaxy surveys, but we can study them indirectly by observing their impact on small scale perturbations. Cosmological perturbation theory predicts that second-order density inhomogeneities are a convolution of a short- and a long-wavelength mode. This arises physically because small scale structures grow at different rates depending on the large scale environment in which they reside. This induces an off diagonal term in the two-point statistics in Fourier space that we use as the basis for a quadratic estimator for the large scale field. We demonstrate that this quadratic estimator works well on an N-body simulation of size $(2.5\text{ }\text{ }{h}^{\ensuremath{-}1}\text{ }\mathrm{Gpc}{)}^{3}$. In particular, the quadratic estimator successfully reconstructs the long-wavelength modes using only small-scale information. This opens up novel opportunities to study structure on the largest observable scales.
Chondrocyte and Pericellular Matrix Deformation and Strain in the Growth Plate Cartilage Reserve Zone Under Compressive Loading

Long bones grow by a process in which chondrocytes within growth plate cartilage near the bone ends synthesize and mineralize a cartilaginous matrix that serves as a template for bone cells. The growth plate consists of several distinct zones, including a reserve zone (RZ) that lies between the epiphyseal subchondral bone plate and the proliferative zone (PZ). Mechanical loading of the growth plate modulates chondrocyte activity and bone growth, but the role of RZ in relation to this is unclear. To explore this, an axisymmetric, large deformation model was developed. In this model, chondrocytes were embedded at four different depths within the RZ between the SB and PZ. Growth plate cartilage was partitioned into sections to represent the RZ and the proliferative/hypertrophic zones and zone of provisional calcification (PC). Chondrocytes were surrounded by a layer of pericellular matrix (PCM). By including or excluding the PCM, we could examine the influence of the PCM on stress-strain distributions within and around the chondrocytes. The volume-averaged height, width and principal tensile strains in the cells and PCM varied with the cell depth within the RZ. The presence of the PCM resulted a 10% decrease in cellular hydrostatic pressure and in a 20% increase in the cellular maximum principal strains, except near the SB plate border where cellular maximum principal strains were amplified by 45%. This suggests that the PCM is a component of the cell’s mechanosensory mechanism and acts to reduce intra-cellular pressure while amplifying cellular strains.
Buying Secrecy: Non-Disclosure Agreements, Arbitration, and Professional Ethics in the #MeToo Era

We’ve heard the horrific reports of sexual assault on children, women, and men, in the context of the workplace, Hollywood, sports, and even sacred places. Now. But often these incidents took place many years ago, and we are just learning why and how. Secret settlements. Deals reached in private to buy secrecy in exchange for the release and dismissal of claims. Oftentimes through private and alternative dispute resolution (ADR) processes such negotiation, mediation, or arbitration. In most cases, the parties were represented by lawyers, loyal advocates, who are also officers of the court; third-party neutrals serving as mediators or arbitrators administered the dispute resolution process. While the immediate cases were privately resolved, the accused harasser/predator remained at large. This paper examines the role, use, and possible misuse or complicity of lawyers, neutrals, and ADR in the process of procuring and enforcing “secret settlements” in cases that effectively shielded predators, harassment, and other misconduct and left similarly situated non-parties at risk. This Article examines the existing rules, structures, and rationales for confidentiality and private dispute resolution, alongside the ethical considerations for lawyers, neutrals, and the ADR process in reaching and enforcing “secret settlements.” The paper explores the legal and ethical considerations for the professionals involved in situations where a secret settlement or provision for non-disclosure leaves similarly situated non-parties at risk. The Article counsels that lawyers, neutrals, and ADR consider the impact on others and protection of vulnerable persons from potential harm as professional ethics obligations in the advocacy and representation of parties to private settlements in order to ensure integrity of people, process, and substantive outcomes.
Recruitment of US Adolescents and Young Adults (AYA) into Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)–Related Behavioral Research Studies: A Scoping Review

The objective of this scoping review was to examine the range of published evidence on recruitment approaches and outcomes of US adolescents and young adults (AYA) ages (18–29 years) into human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–related behavioral research studies during the past 10 years. Implementation of effective behavioral research strategies among HIV at-risk and infected AYA is key to ending the HIV epidemic and necessitates successful recruitment strategies. A comprehensive search was executed across four electronic databases. Of the 1697 identified studies, seven met inclusion criteria with six of these seven directed to HIV prevention. Most studies used online recruitment as part of a hybrid strategy, and combined field-based/in-person and online methods. Recruitment strategies and outcomes, resources and compensation, procedures for consent, and timelines varied among all seven studies. Our results highlight the need for development of recruitment models in alignment with behavioral strategies aimed to treat and prevent HIV among US AYA.
The Ties that Bind: Implicit Contracts and Management Practices in Family-Run Firms

This paper investigates the impact of family CEOs on firm organizational choices and the causes and consequences of these decisions. We focus on second-generation (dynastic) family firms, collect new data on CEO successions for over 900 firms in Latin America and Europe and merge it with unique data on organizational choices, specifically, structured management practices. We use variation in the gender composition of the outgoing CEOs' children for identification. There is clear preference for male heirs: conditional on number of children, having at least one son is correlated with a 30pp higher likelihood of dynastic family succession. As the gender composition of the outgoing CEO's children is unlikely to affect decisions on mid-level managerial practices, we use it as an instrumental variable for family succession. Dynastic CEO successions lead to almost one standard deviation lower adoption of structured management practices, with an implied productivity decrease of about 10%. We rationalize this finding with a new conceptual framework that accounts for the importance of implicit employment commitments to employees of dynastic firms in determining the adoption of monitoring technologies. We find empirical evidence that, controlling for lower levels of knowledge and skills of family CEOs, concerns for reputation and "family name" can play a role in constraining investment in structured management practices. Overall, our empirical results shed new light on dynastic firms' persistent performance deficit and apparent lag in the adoption of structured management practices.
Debiasing graph representations via metadata-orthogonal training

In real world graphs, the formation of edges can be associated with certain sensitive features of the nodes (e.g. gender, community, reputation). In this paper we argue that when such associations exist, any downstream Graph Neural Network (GNN) will be implicitly biased by these structural correlations. To allow control over this phenomenon, we introduce the Metadata-Orthogonal Node Embedding Training (MONET) unit, a general neural network module for performing training-time linear debiasing of graph embeddings. MONET operates by ensuring that the node embeddings are trained on a hyperplane orthogonal to that of the node features (metadata). Unlike debiasing approaches in similar domains, our method offers exact guarantees about the correlation between the resulting embeddings and any sensitive metadata. We illustrate the effectiveness of MONET though our experiments on a variety of real world graphs against challenging baselines (e.g. adversarial debiasing), showing superior performance in tasks such as preventing the leakage of political party affiliation in a blog network, and preventing the gaming of embedding-based recommendation systems.
Epidural electrical stimulation for spinal cord injury

A long-standing goal of spinal cord injury research is to develop effective repair strategies, which can restore motor and sensory functions to near-normal levels. Recent advances in clinical management of spinal cord injury have significantly improved the prognosis, survival rate and quality of life in patients with spinal cord injury. In addition, a significant progress in basic science research has unraveled the underlying cellular and molecular events of spinal cord injury. Such efforts enabled the development of pharmacologic agents, biomaterials and stem-cell based therapy. Despite these efforts, there is still no standard care to regenerate axons or restore function of silent axons in the injured spinal cord. These challenges led to an increased focus on another therapeutic approach, namely neuromodulation. In multiple animal models of spinal cord injury, epidural electrical stimulation of the spinal cord has demonstrated a recovery of motor function. Emerging evidence regarding the efficacy of epidural electrical stimulation has further expanded the potential of epidural electrical stimulation for treating patients with spinal cord injury. However, most clinical studies were conducted on a very small number of patients with a wide range of spinal cord injury. Thus, subsequent studies are essential to evaluate the therapeutic potential of epidural electrical stimulation for spinal cord injury and to optimize stimulation parameters. Here, we discuss cellular and molecular events that continue to damage the injured spinal cord and impede neurological recovery following spinal cord injury. We also discuss and summarize the animal and human studies that evaluated epidural electrical stimulation in spinal cord injury.
‘My Senses Couldn’t Always Deceive Me’

Gilbert Ryle and a number of other philosophers have argued that Descartes’ claim his senses could always deceive him is false. Ryle’s argument is the well-known ‘counterfeit coins’ argument. A similar argument, featuring forged paintings, has been advanced by Jay Rosenberg. Both Ryle’s and Rosenberg’s arguments are refutations by logical analogy. In this paper, their arguments are exposed and reconstructed, and it is shown and how and why their refutations by logical analogy fail. It is then noted that, even so, they could be right about the invalidity of Descartes’ argument. A close examination of Descartes’ argument, however, shows that there is nothing wrong with it.
About 70% Of Participants Know That The Canonical Deception Paradigms Measure Dishonesty

Four paradigms dominate the study of behavioral ethics: the coin task, the die task, the matrix task, and the sender task. Over 60,000 people have participated in experiments with these paradigms, ...
Fate of Quantum Many-Body Scars in the Presence of Disorder

The role of disorder in quantum simulators that implement many-body scars ---a phenomenon that avoids thermalization--- is investigated, showing that robust scar signatures can be detected in near-term devices.
Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease: Diagnosis, Imaging, and Classifications

Legg-Calve-Perthes disease (LCPD) is a self-limited childhood hip disorder of unknown etiology that can produce permanent deformity of the femoral head. Legg of the United States, Calve of France, and Perthes of Germany independently described the disease in 1910 [1]. The onset of LCPD occurs between 2 and 15 years of age with a peak between 4 and 9 years. Sundt in 1920 reported that boys were four times more likely to have the disease than girls and that 10 % of patients developed bilateral disease [2]. Molloy in 1966 [3] and Catterall in 1981 [4] reported similar findings with bilateral disease occurring in 10–15 % of patients and male-to-female ratio of 4–5:1. The diagnosis of LCPD requires plain radiography and careful history taking as its symptoms and physical findings are nonspecific and it is a diagnosis of exclusion. Other pediatric conditions that produce femoral head osteonecrosis or LCPD-like changes on radiography must be ruled out through history, physical examination, and radiographic assessment.
Respiratory Influences on Acid-Base Status and Their Effects on O2 Transport during Prolonged Muscular Work

During exercise of short duration in healthy man, the increase in alveolar ventilation is precisely matched to the increased tissue CO2 production. Hence arterial is closely regulated near resting levels and the only change in pH is secondary to an uncompensated metabolic acidosis.
Lexicalizing directional and nondirectional motion in Emai

Motion expressions in Emai, an Edoid language of Nigeria, are examined within the lexical typology of Talmy [1985]. Both directional and nondirectional motion structures involving the MANNER verb la 'to run' are analyzed, though only the former, syntactically expressed by verbs in continuous series, poses a particular problem for interpretation. Three hypotheses concerning the semantic composition of these serial verbs are considered and evaluated in terms of their distributional constraints. It is concluded that nondirectional motion can be lexicalized by either of two patterns [MOTION+MANNER] PATH or MOTION PATH ... MANNER, while directional motion allows only the single lexicalization pattern MANNER [MOTION+PATH]. Typologically, these reflect two of the incorporation patterns Talmy has identified as characteristic in languages of the world.
( BAl 12 )Cs:mA cluster-assembled solid

First-principles calculations on the geometry and stability of ${\mathrm{Al}}_{\mathrm{n}}$${\mathrm{B}}_{\mathrm{m}}$ clusters have been carried out to examine the effect of size, composition, and electronic-shell filling on their relative stability. It is shown that although Al and B are both trivalent, a ${\mathrm{BAl}}_{12}$ cluster is more stable than an ${\mathrm{Al}}_{13}$ by 3.4 eV. The enhanced stability is shown to arise due to the relaxation of surface strain in the Al cage when the central Al is replaced by a smaller B atom. Replacement of an additional Al by B to produce ${\mathrm{B}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Al}}_{11}$ results in deformation of the icosahedral ${\mathrm{BAl}}_{12}$ cage and reduces the stability. The possibility of forming crystals using ${\mathrm{BAl}}_{12}$ and Cs is examined via total-energy calculations. It is shown that a solid with icosahedral or cuboctahedral ${\mathrm{BAl}}_{12}$ and Cs and having the CsCl structure is metastable and could be synthesized.
An improved first stability advanced fuel tokamak Apollo-L3

The Apollo-L3 conceptual reactor design utilizes D-/sup 3/He fuel in a first stability tokamak configuration with direct conversion of synchrotron radiation to electricity as well as thermal conversion of surface heat and neutron energy. An update of the parameters of the design is given, and analyses of certain critical issues of Apollo-L3 are reported. These include plasma startup, loss of fast ions by magnetic ripple, safety analyses, and tritium storage. The update has led to an increase in the major radius by about 40 cm and an increase in the cost of electricity by about 10%. An alternative to direct energy conversion of the synchrotron radiation is to convert the energy using a thermal cycle; this increases the cost by another 10%. Startup of the plasma using a small amount of tritium eliminates the need for auxiliary heating other than that provided by the current drive system. Analysis of accident scenarios led to a possible offsite early dose of 3.6 rem for a LOCA without burning of the organic coolant and 103 rem if the organic coolant burns. On the basis of the expected temperature of the shield in a LOCA accident and the radioactive inventory, Apollo-L3 qualifies for a level of safety rating of one. >
Control of interconnected systems of finite spatial extent

In this paper, a new approach is presented for the control large-scale spatially distributed systems. These systems are encountered in several applications such as automated vehicles in a platoon, micro electro mechanical systems and paper machine processes. In order to obtain tractable algorithms, existing methods for the control of large-scale systems assume that they are spatially invariant, which usually means that the systems considered have infinite spatial extent. This paper shows how to achieve spatial invariance for systems that are finite in space, thus making the tractable linear matrix inequality-based algorithms for the control of spatially invariant systems available for practical application.
Studying upper bounds on sensor network lifetime by genetic clustering

In this paper we introduce the maximum lifetime sensor clustering (MLSC) protocol for calculating the upper bound on the lifetime of a sensor network. The new protocol can maximize the K-of-N network lifetime. Also, a novel genetic clustering algorithm is introduced to form optimal clusters. Simulation results show that our model can extend the sensor network lifetime to five times over that of existing approaches.
A human-mouse hybrid cell line that stably expresses chemotaxis to N-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine.

Summary Human leukocytes, which contain monocytes and neutrophils that exhibit chemotaxis to fMet-Leu-Phe, were fused with the mouse macrophage RAW264-TG3 cell line, which exhibits chemotaxis to endotoxin-activated mouse serum but not to fMet-Leu-Phe. From such fusions twelve cell lines were isolated, all of which migrated to endotoxin-activated mouse serum. Four of the cell lines also exhibited chemotaxis to fMet-Leu-Phe, and of these cell lines, only one, WBC264-9, retained the capacity to migrate to fMet-Leu-Phe after culture for 20 or more passages. Determination of the number of chromosomes and analysis of the electrofocusing patterns of human and mouse hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase activity showed that WBC264-9 was derived from a human-mouse cell fusion. WBC264-9, a stable macrophage cell line that exhibits chemotaxis to fMetLeu-Phe, provides a model system to investigate attractant-specific biochemical reactions.
Electrotonus in medullated nerve

Abstract A deterministic length-constant equation for medullated nerve is derived on the basis of established engineering principles of transmission of electromagnetic energy. All of the essential core parameters are considered. Results show that the length constant is approximately linear with fiber diameter under certain conditions. The local circuit current is not confined to the nodes of Ranvier, however. The leakage current through the first internode of a typical motor nerve is 20% of the total local circuit current. The medullary sheath is, therefore, a poor insulator. A perfectly insulating sheath contributes little to improving the electronic spread.
Chilaiditi’s Sign: A Rare Cause of Abdominal Pain

A 57-year-old woman with anxiety, depression, fibromyalgia, and bipolar disorder presented for evaluation of abdominal pain and constipation of 8 months duration. The pain was constant, gnawing, and occurred diffusely over her abdomen. The patient had associated increased gas and bloating. She had been having a bowel movement every 3 days without any bright red blood per rectum or melena. Bowel movements would improve the abdominal pain and bloating. There was no associated weight loss, fevers, or night sweats. Physical examination revealed a soft non-distended abdomen with normal active bowel sounds. The patient had diffuse tenderness supra-umbilically without any rebound or guarding. Laboratory tests, including a complete blood count, basic metabolic panel, and liver function tests, were unremarkable. CT scan of the abdomen revealed an abnormally malpositioned cecum and proximal right colon located within the right anterior subphrenic space immediately adjacent to the right lobe of the liver, consistent with Chilaiditi’s sign (Figure 1 and Figure 2). There was no evidence of obstruction or intraperitoneal free air.
Relations of central and brachial blood pressure to left ventricular hypertrophy and geometry: the Strong Heart Study.

ObjectiveWe previously demonstrated stronger relations of central vs. brachial blood pressure, particularly pulse pressure, to carotid artery hypertrophy and extent of atherosclerosis. Data regarding the relative impacts of central and brachial pressures on left ventricular hypertrophy and geometry
Study of an EEG based Brain Machine Interface System for Controlling a Robotic Arm

We present a methodology to explore the capabilities of an existing interface for controlling a robotic arm with information extracted from brainwaves. Brainwaves are collected through the use of an Emotiv EPOC headset. The headset utilizes electroencephalography (EEG) technology to collect active brain signals. We employ the Emotiv software suites to classify the thoughts of a subject representing specific actions. The system then sends an appropriate signal to a robotic interface to control the robotic arm. We identified several actions for mapping, implemented these chosen actions, and evaluated the systemâs performance. We also present the limitations of the proposed system and provide groundwork for future research.