cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fashioning Black Masculinity: The Origins of the Dandy Lion Project

The first comprehensive exhibition of contemporary global black dandyism of its kind, The Dandy Lion Project was born in November 2010 with the exhibition titled Dandy Lion: Articulating a Re(de)fined Black Masculinity . This exhibition was a discussion about the refashioning and articulation of black masculinity. For those unfamiliar with the phenomenon, the black dandy’s look is highly tailored. He is a rebel—a modern-day representation of the African trickster. His style and identity generally contradict the stereotypes, boxes, categories, and ideas that a society has about him. The dandy represents a complicated dance between race, gender, power, and style. Primarily, dandyism as a fashion trend was born in Europe during the Victorian and Edwardian periods. More specifically, the dandy is mostly a British construct who came into being in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, but who simultaneously has French roots. He was classified as an individual whose self-importance, impeccable dress, and manners attract attention and afford status. A black dandy can be defined as a self-fashioned gentleman who intentionally appropriates classical European fashion with an African disaporan aesthetic and sensibilities. Ideally, the conversation sparked by this project will continue to challenge, evolve, and inform ideas of masculinity, class, gender, and sexuality.
Confidence in Dyadic Decision Making: The Role of Individual Differences

Groups typically express more confidence than individuals, yet how individual-level confidence combines during collaborative decision tasks is not well understood. We prescreened 686 community members using a novel confidence measure (a true/false trivia test) intentionally designed to be difficult (accuracy rates were not significantly better than chance) and randomly assigned 72 individuals to collaborate on a matched version of the same test in dyads composed of two low-confidence individuals, two high-confidence individuals, or one of each (“mixed”). Consistent with past research, we found that the confidence expressed by dyads was higher than the confidence expressed by individuals; importantly, however, this pattern varied markedly by dyad type, with low-confidence dyads showing the largest increase, mixed dyads showing a moderate increase, and high-confidence dyads showing no increase—despite the fact that all dyads showed similarly low accuracy (about 55%). These results highlight the conditions under which groups express greater confidence than individuals and offer insights for the composition of collaborative decision-making teams. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Blood loss during liposuction.

The ability to predict blood loss in liposuction surgery is essential to careful and safe planning of the surgical procedure. A study was undertaken to identify surgical techniques, injectable solutions, and instrumentation that would produce the least traumatic surgery and the lowest blood loss. The findings of this study provide guidelines that may be useful in planning surgery and preparing the patient for liposuction surgery. There was great variation in individual patient response; findings should be utilized as guidelines and cannot be relied upon for absolute prediction in the individual patient.
Efficiency Improvement for Path Detection and Tracking Algorithm in a Time-Varying Channel

This paper revisits estimation and tracking of channel parameters of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. Since initialization of channel parameters has always been regarded as a computationally complex problem, we develop a new parameter initialization method that exploits the nature of the data structure of channel measurements. For medium or large problems it leads to a more than 500 times runtime acceleration for parameter initialization. We show that the runtime of the new initialization method increases much more slowly compared with that of the traditional initialization method when the dimensions of measurement data or search grids grow.
MHD PbLi experiments in MaPLE loop at UCLA

Abstract Experiments on magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flows are critical to understanding complex flow phenomena in ducts of liquid metal blankets, in particular those that utilize eutectic alloy lead–lithium as breeder/coolant, such as self-cooled, dual-coolant and helium-cooled lead–lithium blanket concepts. The primary goal of MHD experiments at UCLA using the liquid metal flow facility called MaPLE (Magnetohydrodynamic PbLi Experiment) is to address important MHD effects, heat transfer and flow materials interactions in blanket-relevant conditions. The paper overviews the one-of-a-kind MaPLE loop at UCLA and presents recent experimental activities, including the development and testing of high-temperature PbLi flow diagnostics and experiments that have been performed since the first loop operation in 2011. We also discuss MaPLE upgrades, which need to be done to substantially expand the experimental capabilities towards a new class of MHD flow phenomena that includes buoyancy effects.
Transposed-Letter Priming Across Inflectional Morpheme Boundaries

This study reports findings from two experiments testing whether a transposed-letter (TL) priming effect can be obtained when the transposition occurs across morphological boundaries. Previous studies have primarily tested derivationally complex words or compound words, but have not examined a more rule-based and productive morphological structure, i.e., inflectionally complex words, using masked priming. Experiment 1 tested TL priming with nonword primes and inflected targets (FOCUSING). Nonword primes were formed by transposing letters either within the root morpheme (fcousing) or across two morphemes (focuisng). Experiment 2 used the same nonword primes, but had the root words as targets (FOCUS). Both experiments showed similar TL priming effects for within-morpheme and across-boundary positions, indicating that morphological decomposition takes place only after letter positions in a word have been assigned. This finding provides additional evidence to previous research testing derived and compound words showing TL priming regardless of the position of transposition.
Geographic Objects and the Science of Geography

Human geography studies places—considered not just as spatiotemporal locations, but as places of human significance, such as nations, electoral districts, and parks. Such entities are generally thought of as depending on the beliefs and practices of the peoples who live there. The mind-dependence of such entities, however, leads some to doubt whether we can really make discoveries in human geography, and even whether the entities studied in human geography are real parts of our world. This paper examines the ways in which geographic entities may rightly be said to be mind-dependent, and what consequences this mind-dependence does and does not have regarding whether human geography may be a potential source of knowledge and discovery, and regarding whether we should accept that geographic entities exist.
Effects of aerobic exercise training on hemodynamic responses during psychosocial stress in normotensive and borderline hypertensive type A men: a preliminary report.

This study assessed the effects of aerobic exercise training on cardiovascular responses to a 5-min reaction time competition task. Twenty-seven Type A men (aged 30-56) participated in this randomized study in which 14 underwent supervised aerobic training and 13 strength training, with sessions scheduled three times per week for 12 consecutive weeks. Aerobic exercise training was associated with a 13.6% increase in VO2max compared to 2.9% for the strength group. The effects of aerobic exercise training were most evident in subjects whose initial casual blood pressure readings fell in the borderline hypertensive range (N = 5). These individuals exhibited a general reduction in diastolic blood pressure (i.e., during rest, competition, and recovery) which was associated with a fall in both heart rate and total peripheral vascular resistance. Furthermore, diastolic pressure reactivity to the competition task was attenuated in borderline hypertensive subjects who underwent aerobic conditioning. These data are interpreted as preliminary findings suggesting that borderline hypertensives may be particularly responsive to the cardiovascular benefits of aerobic conditioning. For patients who have progressed to this stage of hypertensive disease, aerobic exercise may be of ameliorative value.
The Influence of Spatial Ability on the Use of Dynamic, Interactive Animation in a Spatial Problem-Solving Task.

This protocol study investigated the differences in problem-solving strategies used by participants with lowand high-spatial ability on a spatial visualization task. The task required participants to draw the cross section of an imaginary 3D computer object. Participants had unrestricted access to two dynamic animations of the stimulus object during the task. Three sources of data were used to analyze performance: 1) frequency of animation use; 2) coded verbal reports; and 3) accuracy on the drawing task. Preliminary analyses suggest that high spatial participants interacted with the animations more frequently did lowspatial participants. High spatial participants also mentioned a greater variety and number of physical and spatial features of the stimulus object than low spatial participants. Finally, high spatial participants drew more accurate representations of cross sections than low-spatial participants.
Multiple eruptive milia

Multiple eruptive milia (MEM) is a rare skin condition characterized by sudden onset of multiple milia occurring mainly on the head, neck, and trunk. Milia are small, benign, 1- to 4-mm, white keratinous cysts. The lesions generally are asymptomatic and may arise spontaneously or secondary to a number of processes. Multiple eruptive milia are cosmetically troublesome and difficult to treat. We report the case of a 40-year-old man with an abrupt onset of MEM on the face.
Personality and Health: Progress and Problems in Psychosomatics

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the four models that are developed to explain the processes by which personality may influence health. Multiple models are often utilized to explain the way a specific personality dimension may be related to health. Many approaches to personality and health assign a central role to the concept of stress, which has been widely implicated in the development of disease. Demonstrated stress-illness relations are quite weak. The stress-moderation model assumes that stress causes illness and that dispositional factors make one more or less vulnerable to its pathogenic effects. Stress-moderation model is limited in some respects. Although the straightforward approach is appealing, researchers have generally been unable to identify stable categories of coping responses that are consistently adaptive or maladaptive. In contrast to the direct physiological linkages of the stress-moderation model, the health behavior model proposes that personality affects health via the quality of one's health practices. Health behaviors are increasingly recognized as contributing to the association between personality and disease. Constitutional predisposition model posits that individuals may be genetically predisposed to certain patho-physiological processes that influence both the development of subsequent illness and the behavioral, cognitive, and emotional aspects of measured personality. In illness behavior model, personality is hypothesized to affect illness behavior rather than actual illness. Illness can be defined as the presence of objectively measured patho-physiological processes— such as high blood pressure, documented organic disease, or death. Illness behavior refers to actions people take when they perceive themselves as ill.
The Henry George Theorem

Knut Wicksell had observed a peculiar aspect of public economics. Public finance raises revenue from residents, while public expenditures provide the public goods and services these residents enjoy. However, an income tax as the primary source of public finances acts to disconnect what is purchased and how much is paid for public goods. Charles Tiebout had championed the concept of the planned town that perhaps attracts residents that are homogenous in terms of income, preferences, and abilities, and provides them with a mix of public goods which they consume equally. Yet, Tiebout did not show that the public funds raised would be sufficient to pay for the optimal level of public goods. Joseph Stiglitz provided the model that connects the public finance and public expenditures side of the local jurisdiction. In doing so, he produced perhaps one of his most compact and elegant expositions in the theory of public finance — the theory known as the Henry George Theorem.
Resilience to Impact by Extreme Energy Absorption in Lightweight Material Inclusions Constrained Near a Critical Point

This work investigates a model design for lightweight, architected material inclusions that cultivate significant impact energy dissipation in structures. The inclusions are sustained near a critical point where damping is theoretically increased without bound. Using the principle, a material architecture and constraint mechanism are studied that exemplify the theory. Guided by a computational model and analysis, numerous specimens are fabricated and experimentation verifies that engineered material inclusions constrained nearer to critical points most effectively suppress structural dynamics following impact, minimize transmitted impulsive force, and better promote structural integrity. The concepts articulated here may find broad application for reusable, resilient protective structures.
Field Test Evaluations on E-3A Aircraft

At the present, chemical conversion coating (iridite) is used on the aluminum faying surfaces as the only protective finish that meets the EMP/EMI requirements. This procedure allows moisture to be trapped between the surfaces, resulting in severe corrosion. The nonconductive corrosion products that develop between these surfaces have proven to increase the impedance high enough to destroy the nuclear hardness of an weapon system.
Improvement in Compensation for Chronic Poststroke Homonymous Hemianopsia After Initiation of a Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor: A Case Report

Abstract Homonymous hemianopsia (HH) is a common adverse outcome after stroke. Spontaneous improvement more than 6 months poststroke is thought to be unlikely, and traditional visual rehabilitation techniques lack clear evidence of efficacy. The case presented is of a 22-year-old woman who demonstrated improved compensation of her stroke-induced HH after the initiation of a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). There is evidence supporting the use of SSRIs to improve poststroke cognitive impairment, motor impairment, and depression. This is the first case, however, demonstrating the potential novel use SSRIs to improve HH compensation after stroke, to our knowledge. Level of Evidence V
Surgical Histopathology for Suspected Oncocytoma on Renal Mass Biopsy: a Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis

To estimate the proportion of oncocytic renal neoplasms diagnosed on renal mass biopsy (RMB) confirmed on surgical pathology, a systematic review of MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane databases (1997 to 1 July 2016) was conducted quantifying all cases of reported oncocytic renal neoplasms on RMB suggestive of an oncocytoma. In addition, institutional data was assessed to identify additional cases. Concordance with surgical histopathology (positive predictive value [PPV]) was evaluated for patients undergoing surgery by performing a meta-analysis. In all, 10 RMB series, including institutional data, were included in the meta-analysis with 205 RMBs identifying oncocytic renal neoplasms and 46 (22.4%) proceeding to surgery. One additional study identified two neoplasms not captured by the primary RMB series for a total of 48 unique lesions included in the analysis. Surgical pathology showed oncocytoma (64.6%), chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (RCC; 12.5%), other RCC (12.5%), hybrid oncocytic/chromophobe tumour (6.3%), and other benign lesions (4.2%). PPV of oncocytoma on RMB was 67% (95% confidence interval 34-94%) with significant heterogeneity between studies (I2 = 71.8%, P < 0.01). Risk of bias was judged to be low for four of the 10 series. Confidently diagnosing a localised renal mass as a benign lesion, such as an oncocytoma, has implications for the ultimate management strategy a patient will undergo. RMB was found to be unreliable in confidently diagnosing a localised renal mass as an oncocytoma, with one in four found to be RCC on surgical pathology. Patients and physicians should be aware of the uncertainty in diagnosis when considering management strategies.
EFFECT OF OXYGEN ON AMINO ACIDS FERMENTATION

ABSTRACT A new criterion of oxygen supply was introduced to studies on the physiological effect of oxygen on amino acids fermentation. Degree of oxygen satisfaction (rab/KrM = restricted rate of cell respiration/maximum rate of cell respiration) was shown to be better than using the conventional criterion of dissolved oxygen. A notable finding, which was not discovered from measurements of dissolved oxygen, was that maximum production of Leu, Phe and Val was obtained when the cell respiration was partially inhibited to the following extent: the value of rab/KrM was 0.85 for Leu, 0.60 for Val and 0.55 for Phe fermentation.
ADAPTIVE AND INDUCTIVE DELIBERATIONAL DYNAMICS

ABSTRACT Deliberation can be modeled as a dynamic process. Where deliberation generates new information relevant to the decision under consideration, a rational decision maker will (processing costs permitting) feed back that information and reconsider. A firm decision is reached at a fixed point of this process - a deliberational equilibrium. Although there may be many situations in which informational feedback may be neglected and an essentially static theory of deliberation will suffice, there are others in which informational feedback plays a crucial role. From the point of view of procedural rationality, computation itself generates new information. Taking this point of view seriously leads to dynamic models of deliberation within which one can embed the theory of non-cooperative games.
Efficient Trial Design — FDA Approval of Valbenazine for Tardive Dyskinesia

In the case of valbenazine, which was recently approved for tardive dyskinesia, a small company pursued thoughtful, efficient trial design and an unusual application of remote assessment in clinical trials, and the FDA took an engaged and flexible approach to review.
Insulin-like growth factor signaling regulates developmental trajectory associated with diapause in embryos of the annual killifish Austrofundulus limnaeus

Annual killifishes exhibit a number of unique life history characters including the occurrence of embryonic diapause, unique cell movements associated with dispersion and subsequent reaggregation of the embryonic blastomeres, and a short post-embryonic life span. Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling is known to play a role in the regulation of metabolic dormancy in a number of animals but has not been explored in annual killifishes. The abundance of IGF proteins during development and the developmental effects of blocking IGF signaling by pharmacological inhibition of the insulin-like growth factor I receptor (IGF1R) were explored in embryos of the annual killifish Austrofundulus limnaeus Blocking of IGF signaling in embryos that would normally escape entrance into diapause resulted in a phenotype that was remarkably similar to that of embryos entering diapause. IGF-I protein abundance spikes during early development in embryos that will not enter diapause. In contrast, IGF-I levels remain low during early development in embryos that will enter diapause II. IGF-II protein is packaged at higher levels in escape-bound embryos compared with diapause-bound embryos. However, IGF-II levels quickly decrease and remain low during early development and only increase substantially during late development in both developmental trajectories. Developmental patterns of IGF-I and IGF-II protein abundance under conditions that would either induce or bypass entrance into diapause are consistent with a role for IGF signaling in the regulation of developmental trajectory and entrance into diapause in this species. We propose that IGF signaling may be a unifying regulatory pathway that explains the larger suite of characters that are associated with the complex life history of annual killifishes.
Searching for a collective ethos in interorganizational relationships

Globalization accelerates the need to accommodate the ethical guidelines of different cultures, the subject of many of the papers in the symposium. In a similar manner, the increased use of interorganizational relationships to accomplish projects accelerates the need to confront the value discontinuities in collaboration among representatives from the public, private, nonprofit, and volunteer sectors within American society. Rather than tackling the question of the precise principles to follow in models of interorganizational relationships versus the need for the thick descriptions of the particular, the focus of this paper is more middle-range. The paper outlines some suggested means of connecting the assumptions of several models of interorganizational relationships with the insights of models of establishing a collective ethos. The tone is meant to be tentative and suggestive of a way to begin connecting diverse strands of literature, the problematic posed by the increasing engagement of interorganizational relationships in public administration
A year in Madrid as described through the analysis of geotagged Twitter data

Gaining a complete picture of the activity in a city using vast data sources is challenging yet potentially very valuable. One such source of data is Twitter which generates millions of short spati...
Normalization of the Hyperadelic Gamma Function

(0.1) Our goal is to solve a problem posed in the paper [A2]. Our goal in the introduction is to explain the problem, referring to [A1] and [A2] for details and background, but not supposing much familiarity with those papers. To get started, consider the functional equations
Goodness-of-fit and diagnostics for proportional hazards regression models.

A common clinical study design follows patients over time, recording end-point events as they occur for each individual. In a cancer clinical trial with death as the endpoint, there can be at most one event per patient. In other cases, multiple events are possible — for example, studies of recurrent infections in bone marrow transplantation recipients. The study goal is to model the event rate as a function of covariates measured at baseline. In a clinical trial, these would typically include the treatment group, measures of disease severity, patient age, and other sociodemographic variables. The proportional hazards regression model is a popular tool.
What SNMP data can tell us about edge-to-edge network performance

With the high speeds of today's networks, monitoring information is most of the time either summarized or sampled. This policy is even more profound in network backbones, where aggregation of data from several sources and in very high speeds is often observed. The Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) [5] is widely used to provide aggregated link usage data from network components. These data, even without a great amount of detail, provide a valuable source for network administrators, aiding decisions about network routing, provisioning and configuration. SNMP data are simple to collect and maintain, providing a low disk space for historical network usage log.
Lessons Learned from a District-wide Implementation of a Computer Science Initiative in the District of Columbia Public Schools

In this article, we use evidence to describe seven key lessons from a four-year district-wide computer science implementation project between Howard University and the District of Columbia Public Schools. These lessons are: (a) Get to know the school counselors (and other key personnel); (b) Expect personnel changes and strategic reorganization within school districts; (c) Be innovative to build and maintain community; (d) Be flexible when developing instruments and curricula; (e) Maintain a firm commitment to equity; (f) Develop tiered content and prepare to make philosophical adjustments; and (g) Identify markers of sustainability. We also include original curricula materials including the Computer Science Course Evaluation and the Computational Thinking Survey. The seven lessons and curricula materials provided in this study can be used to inform the development of future computer science researcher-practitioner partnerships.
Academic Reading: Comparing Students’ and Faculty Perceptions of Its Value, Practice, and Pedagogy

This cross-sectional study at a four-year college explored the alignment between students’ and faculty perceptions and behaviors regarding academic reading. Constructs from the academic reading lit...
Protein Substrates for Reaction Discovery: Site-Selective Modification with Boronic Acid Reagents

ConspectusChemical modification of natural proteins must navigate difficult selectivity questions in a complex polyfunctional aqueous environment, within a narrow window of acceptable conditions. L...
Heart Transplantation in Muscular Dystrophy: Selection is Crucial for Success

Purpose Patients with muscular dystrophy may have an associated cardiomyopathy, resulting in advanced heart failure requiring transplantation. However, the skeletal muscle dysfunction can result in respiratory impairment, dysphagia, and inability to participate in rehabilitation after heart transplantation. The purpose of this study was to describe the characteristics and outcomes of muscular dystrophy patients undergoing heart transplantation at our center. Methods We reviewed patients at our center status post heart transplantation between 2010 and 2017. Of the 646 patients, we identified 10 with muscular dystrophy. The demographics, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of these 10 patients with muscular dystrophy were compared to the 646patients without muscular dystrophy transplanted during this time period. Results The muscular dystrophy patients were all deemed acceptable to proceed by a neurologist with expertise in muscular dystrophy. They were younger (45 years vs 56 years; p = 0.006); had younger donors (27 years vs 35 years, p = 0.05); had lower creatinine (0.95 mg/dL vs 1.15 mg/dL; P = 0.01); and less pre-transplant diabetes (13% vs 52%; p = 0.03). There was no difference in sensitization, CMV IgG mismatch status, or Status 1A listing. The muscular dystrophy patients had 100% 1- and 5-year survival (Figure) and there was no difference in the incidence of cellular rejection, antibody-mediated rejection, or allograft vasculopathy between groups. Conclusion Patients with muscular dystrophy-associated cardiomyopathy may require heart transplantation. This analysis indicates that carefully selected patients can have excellent outcomes and therefore should be considered candidates for advanced heart failure therapies.
The androgen receptor regulates PSA expression and cell growth by two different mechanisms

935 Prostate cancer is almost universally detected by increased levels of prostate specific antigen (PSA) in the serum and expression of this serum marker is also used to determine tumor recurrence. However, over the last few years, clinicians have remarked about the lack of correlation between serum PSA levels and tumor volume or progression. The aim of these studies was to compare the pathways leading to PSA expression and proliferation in androgen-dependent LNCaP prostate cancer cells and its androgen-independent clone C4-2, which exhibit increased PSA expression. In androgen dependent cells, both PSA expression and growth is regulated by the activation of the androgen receptor (AR), a ligand activated transcription factor. Casodex, a competitive inhibitor of androgen binding to the AR, inhibited the growth of LNCaP but not C4-2 cells, but decreased PSA levels in both thus suggesting a dissociation between PSA expression and growth in C4-2 cells. Based on these results, we investigated whether signal transduction pathways known to regulate cell proliferation also affected PSA expression. The two best-known pathways regulating growth are those downstream of Ras and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K). Ras activates the mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPK) while the downstream effectors of PI3K include Akt and mTOR. In turn mTOR regulates the activation of p70S6 kinase, 4E-BP1 and e1F4G. The effect of these kinases on PSA expression and proliferation were evaluated by inhibition of the individual components with pharmacological inhibitors and small interfering RNA (siRNA). Proliferation rates were determined by MTT assay and by flow cytometry while protein expression was determined by immunoblotting. Treatment of LNCaP and C4-2 cells with PD98059, which inhibits p42/44MAPK activation, significantly decreased PSA expression but not proliferation. In contrast, the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 and the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin, inhibited cell growth but caused an increase in PSA expression, indicating that activation of PI3K and mTOR mediates proliferation but inhibit PSA expression. Downregulation of Akt by an Akt1-specific siRNA, decreased both growth and PSA expression. The downstream effectors of mTOR were also downregulated by specific siRNA. Inhibition of 4E-BP1, but not p70S6 kinase or e1F4G significantly decreased proliferation rates whereas e1F4G inhibition, but not that of p70S6 kinase or 4E-BP1, caused a significant upregulation of PSA expression, thereby indicating that mTOR9s effects on proliferation are mediated by 4E-BP1 while its effect on PSA expression are mediated by e1F4G. These results demonstrate for the first time that PSA expression and cell proliferation are differentially regulated downstream of AR activation - whereas PSA expression is mediated by Akt and p42/44MAPK activation and is inhibited by e1F4G, proliferation in prostate cancer cells is mediated by Akt and 4E-BP1.
The Pacific Meridional Mode and ENSO: a Review

This paper reviews recent progress in understanding of the North Pacific Meridional Mode (NPMM) and its influence on the timing, magnitude, flavor, and intensity of the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The NPMM is a seasonally evolving mode of coupled climate variability and features several distinct opportunities to influence ENSO. They include: (1) A Wind-Evaporation-SST (WES) feedback-driven propagation of surface anomalies onto the equator during boreal spring, (2) Trade Wind Charging (TWC) of equatorial subsurface heat content by NPMM-related surface wind stress curl anomalies in boreal winter and early spring, (3) The reflection of NPMM-forced ocean Rossby waves off the western boundary in boreal summer, and (4) A Gill-like atmospheric response associated with anomalous deep convection in boreal summer and fall. The South Pacific Meridional Mode (SPMM) also significantly modulates ENSO, and its interactions with the NPMM may contribute to ENSO diversity. Together, the NPMM and SPMM are also important components of Tropical Pacific Decadal Variability; however, future research is needed to improve understanding on these timescales. Since 1950, the boreal spring NPMM skillfully predicts about 15–30% of observed winter ENSO variability. Improving simulated NPMM-ENSO relationships in forecast models may reduce ENSO forecasting error. Recent studies have begun to explore the influence of anthropogenic climate change on the NPMM-ENSO relationship; however, the results are inconclusive.
Microwave Spectrum and Molecular Structure of 3-Fluoro-1,2-epoxypropane and the Unexpected Structure of Its Complex with the Argon Atom

In common with the homologous 3,3-difluoro- and 3,3,3-trifluoro-species, 3-fluoro-1,2-epoxypropane is a small chiral molecule with a simple rotational spectrum, making it potentially useful for chiral analysis via conversion of enantiomers into spectroscopically distinct diastereomers through formation of noncovalently bound complexes. The rotational spectrum of 3-fluoro-1,2-epoxypropane (FO) and of its heterodimer with the argon atom are obtained, along with several isotopologues of each, using Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy from 5.6 to 18.1 GHz, and their structures determined. Surprisingly, the structure of 3-fluoro-1,2-epoxypropane-argon does not show a strong similarity to those previously determined for 3,3-difluoro-1,2-epoxypropane-argon and 3,3,3-trifluoro-1,2-epoxypropane-argon but instead is more analogous to that of propylene oxide-argon. Equilibrium structural parameters and mapped electrostatic potential surfaces obtained via quantum chemistry calculations are used in rationalizing this result.
Managing Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in Florida Strawberry with Flupyradifurone

Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood is a pest of strawberry in Florida, causing foliar and fruit damage to young plants. A field-plot study was conducted in 2015–16 to compare the efficacy of flupyradifuron...
A Novel Method to Predict Processor Performance by Modeling Different Architecture Parameters

Predicting processor throughput and performance is one of the essential aspects of computer architecture. It is crucial to model processor performance behavior for future architectures based on the existing data set. Modeling processor performance for a given workload enables architects to enhance processor features to meet specific performance targets for a given benchmark. Developing an estimation method to predict performance using one micro-architecture parameter is limited, given the need to model multiple parameters simultaneously. In this paper, we propose a novel performance prediction method for SPEC CPU 2006 and HDxPRT 2014 benchmarks based on a combination of measured and estimated performance data. The performance project model predicts processor performance while altering multiple microarchitecture parameters simultaneously such as memory speed, number of cores and the core frequency. We also present a detailed timing analysis for each processor sub-component. The model is verified to project performance with less than 5% error margin between projected and measured baseline.
Quasiordered, subwavelength TiO2 hole arrays with tunable, omnidirectional color response

Fabrication, optical characterization, and simulation of subwavelength TiO2 hole arrays exhibiting geometry-tunable, omnidirectional color response across the visible spectrum is described. Partially suspended TiO2 grating “membranes” (hole arrays supported by a high void-fraction, low-index underlayer) with quasiperiodic hexagonal order were created on an Si substrate using colloidal lithography, metal mask, plasma-based pattern transfer, and XeF2 etching. Optical measurements under specular and diffuse reflection conditions, along with finite-difference time-domain simulations, indicated that the omnidirectional color response of the hole arrays emerges from a broad distribution of Fano resonance states formed by coupling between guided and internal Fabry–Perot (FP) cavity modes of the TiO2 layer. Higher-order FP resonances from the external cavity formed between the TiO2 layer and substrate control the apparent color when devices are viewed in direct light. The simulated modal behavior of arrays was found to be very sensitive to the degree of Si removal from the underlayer, in agreement with experimental observations. The fabrication methodology presented herein is substrate-agnostic and can be employed to fabricate suspended, subwavelength hole arrays in many material systems, with potential application to optical filters and reflectors, photocatalytic electrodes, photovoltaics, and sensors.
Wnt/β-catenin signaling regulates adipose tissue lipogenesis and adipocyte-specific loss is rigorously defended by neighboring stromal-vascular cells

Abstract Objective Canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling is a well-studied endogenous regulator of mesenchymal cell fate determination, promoting osteoblastogenesis and inhibiting adipogenesis. However, emerging genetic evidence in humans links a number of Wnt pathway members to body fat distribution, obesity, and metabolic dysfunction, suggesting that this pathway also functions in adipocytes. Recent studies in mice have uncovered compelling evidence that the Wnt signaling pathway plays important roles in adipocyte metabolism, particularly under obesogenic conditions. However, complexities in Wnt signaling and differences in experimental models and approaches have thus far limited our understanding of its specific roles in this context. Methods To investigate roles of the canonical Wnt pathway in the regulation of adipocyte metabolism, we generated adipocyte-specific β-catenin (β-cat) knockout mouse and cultured cell models. We used RNA sequencing, ChIP sequencing, and molecular approaches to assess expression of Wnt targets and lipogenic genes. We then used functional assays to evaluate effects of β-catenin deficiency on adipocyte metabolism, including lipid and carbohydrate handling. In mice maintained on normal chow and high-fat diets, we assessed the cellular and functional consequences of adipocyte-specific β-catenin deletion on adipose tissues and systemic metabolism. Results We report that in adipocytes, the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway regulates de novo lipogenesis (DNL) and fatty acid monounsaturation. Further, β-catenin mediates effects of Wnt signaling on lipid metabolism in part by transcriptional regulation of Mlxipl and Srebf1. Intriguingly, adipocyte-specific loss of β-catenin is sensed and defended by CD45-/CD31- stromal cells to maintain tissue-wide Wnt signaling homeostasis in chow-fed mice. With long-term high-fat diet, this compensatory mechanism is overridden, revealing that β-catenin deletion promotes resistance to diet-induced obesity and adipocyte hypertrophy and subsequent protection from metabolic dysfunction. Conclusions Taken together, our studies demonstrate that Wnt signaling in adipocytes is required for lipogenic gene expression, de novo lipogenesis, and lipid desaturation. In addition, adipose tissues rigorously defend Wnt signaling homeostasis under standard nutritional conditions, such that stromal-vascular cells sense and compensate for adipocyte-specific loss. These findings underscore the critical importance of this pathway in adipocyte lipid metabolism and adipose tissue function.
Substrate-dependent stereospecificity in samarium-mediated allylic benzoate reductions

Abstract A series of experiments were performed to determine if SmI2(H2O)n reductions of allylic benzoates was stereospecific to alkene geometry. The results indicate that for alkyl-substituted alkenes, the reaction is stereospecific (i.e. the cis- and trans-isomers select for the opposite major diastereomer). However, the introduction of a phenyl substituent causes the reaction to become non-stereospecific, both cis- and trans-isomers converging to the same major diastereomer. A potential rationale is presented based on stabilization of a proposed organosamarium intermediate by the phenyl group that allows for isomerization of alkene geometry to a sterically preferred trans-configuration at the transition state. The data provide further insights into the mechanism of this reaction, the nature of allylic organosamarium complexes, and the unique reactivity of benzene rings in samarium-mediated transformations.
Effects of the Big Five personality traits on tipping attitudes, motives, and behaviors

Abstract Knowledge about the personality predictors of tipping attitudes, motives, and behaviors could shed light on the psychological processes underlying tipping and might allow service workers to better predict and manage their tip incomes. To those ends, analyses of online survey data revealed numerous direct and indirect (through tipping motives) Big Five personality trait effects on tipping attitudes and behavior. For example, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness and Openness affected tipping likelihood and tip sizes through its enhancement of intrinsic tipping motives. Also, the effects of Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, and Neuroticism on leaving sub-normative (
Transgressive Trans Desires as Epistemology: A Radically Practical Resource: Review of Sex, Sexualities, and Trans Identities: Clinical Guidance for Psychotherapists and Counselors, by Gary J. Jacobson, Jan C. Niemara, and Karalyn J. Violeta, Jessica Kinglsey Publishers, 2020. 304 pp. ISBN 9781785926181 (paperback)

The question of what is right or healthy is something that cannot be answered simply by natural laws of the biological organism… It depends partly on what conditions people live in, what their way ...
Contribution of Lymphotoxin-Beta Receptor Signaling in Oral Cancer Pain

Oral cancer pain is difficult to treat with limited efficacy or rapid development of tolerance and severe side effects of available medications. The immune system has been shown to play a critical role in controlling chronic pain, however, very few studies have explored its role in oral cancer pain. We have identified novel targets that have shown to play a significant role in mediating persistent inflammation in autoimmune and chronic inflammatory disease. The Lymphotoxin-beta receptor and its ligand LIGHT (TNFSF14), belong to the family of tumor-necrosis factor and have shown to be expressed in a variety of cells that make up the microenvironment. The current study explores the contribution of LIGHT and LTβR in mediating oral cancer pain. An orthotopic tongue cancer pain model using human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells were employed for all experiments. We determined effect of local injection of LIGHT and LTβR antagonistic antibody (LTβRIg) on tumor-induced pain behaviors including feeding behaviors and Von Frey thresholds in the face. Body weights and tumor volumes were also measured. Further, we determined expression of LTβR and LIGHT in several cell types within tumor-bearing tongues using immunohistochemistry. Our data showed that local injection of LIGHT reversed tongue-tumor induced reduction in feeding behavior and increased body weights compared to vehicle group. Conversely, injection of local LTβRIg worsened tumor-induced feeding behavior and decreased body weights compared to the control group. LIGHT and LTβRIg had no effect on tumor volumes. Anatomical analyses showed LTβR expression in cancer cells and stromal cells within the tumor and LIGHT expression in immune cells. Taken together, our data demonstrate that LIGHT/LTβR signaling may inhibit oral cancer-induced pain via modulating downstream signaling in OSCC cells and the associated stromal cells which in turn may control peripheral lingual sensory nerve activities. Title: LIGHT and Lymphotoxin targeting for the treatment of chronic orofacial pain conditions. R01 DE029187 from NIH/NIDCR.
Development of white matter tracts between and within the dorsal and ventral streams

Abstract The degree of interaction between the ventral and dorsal visual streams has been discussed in multiple scientific domains for decades. Recently, several white matter tracts that directly connect the dorsal and ventral streams have become possible to study using automated and reproducible methods. The developmental trajectory of this set of tracts, the posterior vertical pathway (PVP), is yet to be described. We propose an input-driven model of white matter development and provide evidence for the model by focusing on PVP development. We used reproducible cloud-computing methods and diffusion imaging from adults and children (ages 5-8 years) to compare PVP development to that of tracts within the ventral and dorsal pathways. PVP microstructure was more adult-like than dorsal stream microstructure but less adult-like than ventral stream microstructure. Additionally, PVP microstructure was more similar to the microstructure of the ventral than dorsal stream and was predicted by performance on a perceptual task in children. Overall, results suggest a key role for the PVP in the development of the dorsal visual stream that may be related to its ability to facilitate interactions between ventral and dorsal streams during learning. The results are consistent with the proposed model, suggesting that the microstructural development of major white matter pathways is related, at least in part, to the feed-forward propagation of sensory information within the visual system. Significance Statement Understanding white matter development is important to building predictive models that can inform interventions and targeted educational methods. We propose and provide evidence for an input-driven model of white matter development. We tested an uncharted aspect of human brain development. Namely, how the recently described posterior vertical white matter tracts develop. Our results suggest a feed-forward developmental progression along the known direct anatomical connections from posterior visual areas to anterior ventral and dorsal areas. Our results suggest fundamental biological mechanisms that clarify the role of white matter in predicting human learning and behavior.
Effect of geomorphic channel restoration on streamflow and groundwater in a snowmelt-dominated watershed

[1] Reengineering of stream channels is a common approach used to restore hydrologic function in degraded landscapes, but there has been little published research analyzing its effectiveness. A key challenge for impact assessment is disentangling the effects of restoration from climate variability. Trout Creek, near Lake Tahoe, California, was reengineered to reestablish hydrologic connectivity between the stream and its former floodplain. Gauges located above and below the site, along with groundwater well measurements, were used to analyze prerestoration and postrestoration hydrology. Results show that restoration has a seasonal impact with statistically significant increases in streamflow during the summer recession period and decreased groundwater table depths across a wide range of streamflow conditions. Paired gauges and statistical models that are robust to serial autocorrelation demonstrate a feasible approach for assessing hydrologic restoration in regions where climate patterns lead to substantial within-year and between-years variation in streamflow.