cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nanostructured magnetic CoNiP electrodeposits: structure–property relationships

Abstract Magnetic CoNiP thin film alloys were electrodeposited from chloride baths. The effects of solution composition, solution pH and film thickness on the magnetic properties, microstructure and phases of electrodeposited CoNiP films were investigated. Solution pH and NaH 2 PO 2 concentration significantly influenced the magnetic properties of CoNiP deposits. These films when deposited from solutions of pH 2.25, hard magnetic deposits ( H C,⊥ ≈2000 Oe and H C,// ≈1000 Oe) were obtained. X-ray diffraction revealed hcp structure consisting of nanocrystalline grains (∼50 nm) with preferred (002) planes as deposit P content and solution pH increased.
Time‐dependent quantum theory III. Model for vibrational relaxation in crystals

A one-dimensional model consisting of a “diatomic” spring attached on one side to a rigid wall and on the other side to a linear array of mass-springs is proposed as a model for the vibrational relaxation of small solute molecules in host lattices. A modification allowing a change in the equilibrium internuclear extension of the diatomic spring is also incorporated. The Hamiltonian divides naturally into pure diatomic, pure linear crystal, and the two mixed perturbation terms, one giving rise to stepwise vibrational cascade damping accompanied by phonon emission, and the other process, lattice relaxation, giving rise to phonon emission without any change of the quantum number of the diatomic spring. The cascade damping rate for a diatomic spring with a frequency less than the the maximum frequency of the linear crystal is calculated to second-order, and it is shown that the perturbation series converges in this range. An upper bound to the cascade damping rate for a diatomic spring with a frequency greater (i.e., 4.5 ×) than the cut-off frequency of the linear crystal is determined to be very small, λ ≦ 104 sec −;1. The rate for the lattice relaxation process corresponds to a line-width λ = 6 cm −1 at 0K. An explanation for the thermal quenching of the low-temperature luminescence of SO2 is based upon induced cascade-phonon emission.
Studies in the healing of intestinal anastomoses

We have assessed the security of anastomoses made by a variety of techniques, and under various circumstances. (a) In small bowel, inverting and everting silk anastomoses and stapled anastomoses give equivalent results. (b) With everting closures and anastomoses, healing is from the cut end, and not at the suture line. (c) Foreign material around an anastomosis produces leaks with any type anastomosis. (d) In the colon, inverting manual anastomoses and stapled anastomoses are equivalent, and superior to one-layer manual everted anastomoses. (e) Induction of early intestinal action by Prostigmin® and castor oil has no adverse effect on inverted, or stapled anastomoses, at any level of bowel, but increases incidence of anastomotic leaks in silk everting anastomoses of colon. (f) Stapled anastomoses made in presence of 24-hour perforative peritonitis, 48-hour devascularized bowel, and 48-hour intestinal obstruction are as secure as inverting anastomoses.
Osteoclast recruitment in response to human bone matrix is age related

Abstract The effect of bone matrix age on the recruitment and differentiation of osteoclast precursors was studied using the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) implant system. Devitalized mineralized bone particles (75–250 μm) were prepared from human femoral cortical bone obtained postmortem from 8 men (age range: 18–72 years). The particles were implanted onto the CAM and 8 days later implants were harvested and processed for light microscopic, morphometric or immunohistochemical analysis. Histomorphometric analysis was performed on samples representing each donor age. The analysis was grouped into three categories consisting of bone from young adults (18–20 years), adults (34–53 years) and aged individuals (67 years and older). Total osteoclast number, osteoclast number per bone particle, cell area, cell size, number of nuclei per cell profile, nucleocytoplasmic ratio, and the presence of a distinctive osteoclast antigen defined by monoclonal anti-body 121F were determined. Bone matrix from older individuals, and therefore the oldest age group (67 years and older), elicited significantly fewer multinucleated cells when compared to bone matrix from younger donors. The number of nuclei per cell profile was highest in the adult population (34–53 years), and there was a continuous increase in cell area with aging. As a consequence, the nucleocytoplasmic ratio decreased from the youngest to the oldest age group. These findings indicate that, relative to factors that affect the recruitment and differentiation of osteoclast precursor cells, bone matrix of older individuals is changed in quality and/or quantity compared to bone matrix from younger individuals. Is is hypothesized that this decline in osteoclast formation in response to older bone matrix may contribute to the impaired bone remodeling associated with aging.
Moving dipole inverse solutions using MEGs measured on a plane over the head

Since magnetoencephalograms (MEGs) are measurements of the magnetic field produced in the air around the head by electrical sources in the brain, it is possible to measure MEGs on some regular surface over the head such as a plane. Such measurements are easier to make than traditional measurements at a fixed distance from the head. This paper presents results of computer modeling studies of source localization errors caused by using MEGs measured on a plane over the head. It was found that non-spherical head shape does not have a greater effect on localization accuracy for measurements on a plane than for traditional fixed-distance measurements. The source localization errors were less than 1 cm for both types of measurement for sources in the cortical region of the brain. Localization errors were found to increase for sources at greater depth in the brain, but the errors using measurements on a plane were not found to be significantly larger than those using traditional measurements. Hence, because of the ease with which measurements on a plane can be made, more wide-spread use of such measurements should be considered.
The ignition of uranium

Abstract Experimental studies are reported of the ignition of pure uranium. Most of the experiments were performed by placing the metal samples in a flowing oxidizing atmosphere (either air or oxygen) within a furnace whose temperature was increasing at the rate of 10° C/min. The ignition temperature of the sample was determined graphically from the sample temperature-time record as the point of intersection between extensions of the pre-ignition heating rate and the post-ignition self-heating rate. The ignition temperature of 8.5-mm cubes of uranium from three sources (in air and in oxygen) was very close to 600° C; however, characteristic differences in reaction were apparent in the 400–500° C range. Metal in an “as-cast” condition self-heated to a greater extent in the 400–500° C region than did beta-quenched metal. Nitrogen-oxygen mixtures also increased selfheating in this region to a greater extent than did helium-oxygen mixtures. Ignition in air or oxygen was followed by spontaneous thermocycling. Peak burning temperatures in air were limited to about 1500° C, but in pure oxygen temperatures greater than 2150° C were recorded. Ignition temperature decreased with sample size. Studies with a series of cubes, wires and foils, with specific areas from 0.3 to 120 cm 2 /g, yielded an irregular decrease of ignition temperature from 640 to 315° C in oxygen. The irregularity occurred with ignition in the temperature region 400 to 500° C and was shown to be associated with the transition of the oxide from an autocatalytic form to a protective form. A simple mathematical model based upon isothermal reaction rate laws and simple heat transfer laws yielded an ignition temperature-specific area relationship which agreed well with the experimental results and which predicted the irregularity. Experiments with aggregate samples, i.e., bundles of wires and stacks of foils, showed that ignition temperature decreased with increasing aggregation as expected from simple heat transfer considerations. It was concluded that uranium ignitions in air and oxygen are thermal ignitions which can be explained in terms of a balance of heat losses and heat generated by the oxidation reaction.
Intramolecular C−H Bond Activation and Redox Isomerization across Two-Electron Mixed Valence Diiridium Cores

Metal−metal cooperativity enables the reaction of carbon-based substrates at diiridium two-electron mixed valence centers. Arylation of Ir20,II(tfepma)3Cl2 (1) (tfepma = bis[(bistrifluoroethoxy)phosphino]methylamine) with RMgBr (R = C6H5 and C6D5) is followed by C−H bond activation to furnish the bridging benzyne complex Ir2II,II(tfepma)3(μ-C6H4)(C6H5)H (2), as the kinetic product. At ambient temperature, 2 isomerizes to Ir2I,III(tfepma)3(μ-C6H4)(C6H5)H (3) (kobs = 9.57 ± 0.10 × 10−5 s−1 at 31.8 °C, ΔH⧧ = 21.7 ± 0.3 kcal/mol, ΔS⧧ = −7.4 ± 0.9 eu), in which the benzyne moiety is conserved and the IrIII center is ligated by terminal hydride and phenyl groups. The same reaction course is observed for arylation of 1 with C6D5MgBr to produce 2-d10 and 3-d10 accompanied by an inverse isotope effect, kh/kd= 0.44 (kobs = 2.17 ± 0.10 × 10−4 s−1 in C6D6 solution at 31.8 °C, ΔH⧧ = 24.9 ± 0.7 kcal/mol, ΔS⧧ = −6.4 ± 2.4 eu). 2 reacts swiftly with hydrogen to provide Ir2II,II(tfepma)3H4 as both the syn and anti isomers...
Carbon nanotube-MoS2 composites as solid lubricants.

Solid lubricants (SLs) characterized by low coefficients of friction (μ) and wear rates (w) drastically improve the life span of instruments that undergo extreme frictional wear. However, the performance of SLs such as sputtered or nanoparticulate molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), tungsten disulfide (WS2), or graphite deteriorates heavily under extreme operational conditions such as elevated temperatures and high humidity. Here, we present our preliminary results, which demonstrate that composites of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and MoS2 produced by electrodeposition of MoS2 on vertically aligned CNT films have low μ (∼0.03) and w (∼10−13 mm3/N·mm) even at 300 °C, which are about 2 orders of magnitude better than those of nanoparticulate MoS2-based coatings. The high load-bearing capacity of CNTs provides a strong enduring support to MoS2 nanoclusters and is responsible for their ultralow w. The incorporation of these composites in liquid lubricants reduces the friction coefficient of the liquid lubricants by ∼15%....
Effect of electron cooling on the electron lifetime on liquid 4He

Abstract Electron trapped in image potential induced surface states on liquid 4He can escape into the gas by thermal ionization. We have calculated the rate of ionization on the assumption that the electrons are strongly coupled to each other and weakly coupled to the liquid and gas. The first electrons to leave the surface extract their ionization energy from the kinetic energy of the remaining electrons. This adiabatic cooling effect rapidly lowers the electron temperature to a small fraction of the temperature of the surrounding gas and liquid.
Influence of flowering cover crops on Anagrus parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) and Erythroneura leafhoppers (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) in New York vineyards

We tested the hypothesis that providing nectar-producing cover crops will enhance the biological control of grape leafhoppers (Erythroneura spp.) by Anagrus wasps in commercial vineyards in New York, U.S.A. 2 We established three cover crops between vine rows in a commercial vineyard: buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum (Moench)), clover (Trifolium repens L.) and mowed sod (Dactylis glomerata L.). 3 There was no effect of cover crop on adult Anagrus in 1996, whereas in 1997 adults were more abundant within edge vines with buckwheat compared to vines with clover or sod; adults were more abundant at the vineyard edge, especially early in the season. 4 Parasitism of 'sentinel' leafhopper eggs was higher on vines with buckwheat compared to parasitism on vines with clover or sod in 1996; a similar, non- significant trend, was observed in 1997. 5 Neither the abundance nor the distribution of leafhoppers was influenced by cover crops, although in 1997 there was a trend toward greater numbers of nymphs on edge vines with buckwheat. 6 In a cage experiment, parasitism by Anagrus of leafhopper eggs on grapes was greater when adults had access to flowering buckwheat rather than buckwheat without flowers. 7 In a laboratory study, longevity of female Anagrus was increased when pro- vided with honey or sugar water compared to water only or nothing. 8 Our results suggest that parasitism of grape leafhoppers by Anagrus may be enhanced by providing floral resources within vineyards in New York, although it is unclear whether this will produce meaningful reductions in pest abundance.
Cloning and characterization of nitrogenase genes from Anabaena variabilis

Three cloned Klebsiella pneumoniae nitrogenase gene probes were used to perform genomic Southern hybridization analysis and to screen an Anabaena variabilis-Charon 30 genetic library for Anabaena nitrogenase genes. One of ten phage clones that were isolated using a Klebsiella nifHD gene probe was studied in detail. This clone (ABN 10) contains a 9 kb Eco R1 fragment which was observed in genomic Southerns. ABN 10 does not hybridize with a Klebsiella nifK gene probe. A 2.8 kb Hind III fragment that lies within the 9 kb Eco R1 fragment contains the linked Anabaena nifH and nifD genes; the nifK gene lies at least 4 kb away. Partial sequencing of the nifH and nifD genes confirmed their identity and showed strong conservation of amino acid sequence in comparison to Anabaena 7120, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Azotobacter vinlandii, and Clostridium pasteurianum. When the cloned Anabaena nif genes were put into Klebsiella cells on plasmids, they were not expressed, suggesting that the Anabaena promoters are not recognized by Klebsiella transcription factors.
A human factors approach to understanding patient safety during pediatric cardiac surgery

Abstract Pediatric cardiac surgery–a highly complex, low-error-tolerant field with patients who are normally sick and require complex corrections at a very early age–has long recognized the need to study human factors and their relationship to medical outcomes. The current study uses a multidisciplinary pediatric cardiac team at a high-volume institution (>300 cases per year) to study patient safety practices using human factors methods including a retrospective chart review, safety culture analysis, and observations of the team in the operating room. Preliminary results from observations include examples of major and minor events (ranked by potential patient consequences) compensated or uncompensated by clinical responses to such events, active and/or latent communication break-downs, and internal and external distractions. The culture of care was felt by the providers to be adequate and safety was not felt to be a problem despite the adverse events noted. Major events occurred most frequently during surgical correction and/or bypass run ( N =16) and post-bypass period ( N =17). Minor events occurred most frequently during the anesthesia period ( N =46) and during surgical correction and/or bypass run ( N =63). Internal and external distractions occurred most frequently during the surgical correction and/or bypass run ( N =167). The majority of clinical responses to problematic events observed occurred as a result of cognitive recognition by practitioners. There were no intra-operative deaths observed. No-harm events, near misses, and adverse events were observed and examples are provided. Future directions include linking observations to medical outcomes, video-recording operations to analyze technical adverse events or near misses, and surveying team members of major and minor events and clinical responses to these events.
Simulation of surface meteorology at the Pathfinder and VL1 sites using a Mars mesoscale model

[1] The Fifth-Generation Penn State/NCAR Mesoscale Model (MM5) has been adapted to study circulations in the Martian atmosphere. The NASA Ames Mars general circulation model (GCM) provides initial and boundary conditions. The meteorology of this Mars MM5 (the OSU MMM5) is compared with Pathfinder and Viking Lander 1 (VL1) data for late northern summer. The MMM5 uses an equator-crossing semiglobal polar stereographic mother domain, significantly reducing the boundary reflections inherent in Martian mesoscale simulations. Using two-way nests, simultaneous simulations of two regions are performed: (1) Chryse Planitia (Mars Pathfinder (MPF)/VL1) and (2) the central chasmas of Valles Marineris. Simulations are hydrostatic and dry. The MMM5 uses the same atmospheric radiation package as the GCM but a much enhanced near-surface vertical resolution and a different Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL) scheme. Model topography, thermal inertia, and surface albedo maps have all been developed using the most recent data from the Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) and Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) experiments. The diurnal cycles of surface air temperature, surface pressure, and surface wind all show improvement in comparison with the GCM. For certain regions the local surface pressure tidal amplitudes are strongly dependent on the resolution of the model and/or the topography; VL1 and MPF are in such a region. The diurnal cycles of wind are complex, and for many locations the near-surface winds are dominated by slope flows of multiple scales. Comparison with data indicates that resolving these slope flows is very important for simulating the diurnal wind cycle. At specific locations these slope flows dramatically influence the diurnal surface pressure cycle.
Bovine adrenal glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase III. Control of the activity by ascorbate, substrates, and hydrophobic molecules

Abstract 1. 1. Earlier studies with bovine adrenal glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase demonstrated that the enzyme was highly susceptible to inactivation by a substance or substances present in the adrenal and removed during purification of the enzyme, and that the rate of inactivation was greatly accelerated by the presence of n- butanol at a concentration of 2%. The work reported here identified ascorbic acid as the principal inactivating factor whose action is potentiated by n- butanol . The highly purified enzyme is highly sensitive to concentrations of ascorbate several orders of magnitude lower than those found in the adrenal, and is protected from inactivation by 1 · 10 −3 M NADP + in the presence of 1% bovine serum albumin. 2. 2. Formation of hydrogen peroxide and free radicals by ascorbate appears not to be an obligatory intermediate in the inactivation process. Potentiation of ascorbate inactivation by hydrophobic alcohols and ketones is attributed to hydrophobic interactions of these substances with the enzyme. Attempts to restore activity after inactivation by ascorbate have been unsuccessful. 3. 3. The enzyme is also inactivated upon removal of NADP+ by dialysis. A 3-fold reactivation may be accomplished by incubation in the presence of NADP+ and β-mercaptoethanol.
Rural, Low-Income Mothers: Persistent Problems, Possible Interventions

Persistent economic, food security and civic engagement problems impact the lives of rural, low-income families. A longitudinal study of 524 mothers from 30 counties in 17 states revealed specific problems and possible interventions that can benefit individuals, families and communities. This article shares key findings from the Rural Families Speak study and offers three interventions with rationales for each. It also suggests an organizing framework that enables both individuals and groups within a community to analyze problems and issues and derive any imperative for action.
A critical analysis of propagation through optically induced photonic bandgap structures in photorefractive materials

Using a simple transmission line analogy and transfer matrices, we model optical propagation through one-dimensional photonic bandgap structures. Our objective is to analyze the frequency response of the reflectivity and transmittance in such devices with varying refractive index change, material thickness, angle of incidence and in the presence of possible defects. Our results should prove useful in providing guidelines for selection of optical materials such as photorefractives in which such bandgap structures can be programmably induced.
Finding the right balance: campus involvement in the collections allocation process

AbstractMany libraries have sought the best approach to allocating the collections budget. “History plus increment” is the standard for many libraries in the allocation of any new dollars to collections budgets. Other libraries have identified factors that help make the process of disbursing new money more objective including counts of faculty and students, literature size and costs, and program changes on campus.The Library of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign is striving toward a more open and understandable allocation process that uses an allocation formula, professional judgment of its librarians, and input from campus faculty and administration. Through this process, we work to achieve balance between formula and professional judgment, between decisions made outside the Library and within the Library, between competing disciplines and old and emerging fields for budget dollars.
Optimal multi-drug approaches for reduction of the latent pool in HIV

Abstract HIV disease is well-controlled by the use of combination antiviral therapy (cART), but lifelong adherence to the prescribed drug regimens is necessary to prevent viral rebound and treatment failure. Populations of quiescently infected cells form a “latent pool” which causes rapid recurrence of viremia whenever antiviral treatment is interrupted. A “cure” for HIV will require a method by which this latent pool may be eradicated. Current efforts are focused on the development of drugs that force the quiescent cells to become active. Previous research has shown that cell-fate decisions leading to latency are heavily influenced by the concentration of the viral protein Tat. While Tat does not cause quiescent cells to become active, in high concentrations it prevents a newly infected cell from becoming quiescent. In this paper, we introduce a model of the effects of two drugs on the latent pool in a patient on background suppressive therapy. The first drug is a quiescent pool stimulator, which acts by causing quiescent cells to become active. The second is a Tat analog, which acts by preventing the creation of new quiescently infected cells. We apply optimal control techniques to explore which combination therapies are optimal for different parameter values of the model.
The Composite Measure of the Defense Mechanism Inventory.

Abstract A reanalysis of previously published data suggests that the Defense Mechanism Inventory can be utilized to yield a composite measure of reaction to frustration by contrasting linearly the defenses of Turning-against-object and Projection against those of Principalization and Reversal-of-affect. Factor-analytic and correlational data support the exclusion of Turning-against-self from the composite measure. Studies of content validity are presented for the combination of the four defenses into one dimension. Patterns of interitem reliability are charted for the five defenses and the composite measure for both men and women. Internal consistency data are also presented for the standard scoring as well as for a modified method to explore the feasibility of simplifying and shortening the test-taking procedure.
Serological studies on sympatric Barbary sheep and mule deer from Palo Duro Canyon, Texas.

Sera were collected from 12 Barbary sheep (Ammotragus lervia) and 11 mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) occupying sympatric ranges in Palo Duro Canyon, Texas. These were tested for leptospirosis, brucellosis, bovine virus diarrhea, anaplasmosis, vesicular stomatitis, bluetongue (BT), epizootic hemorrhagic disease (EHD), infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), and coccidioidomycosis. Serologic reactors were found to IBR in 3 Barbary sheep, BT in 6 Barbary sheep and 6 mule deer and EHD in 3 Barbary sheep and 4 mule deer. Possible ramifications of evidence for these diseases in wild herbivore populations in this area are discussed.
Formation of aluminum oxide scales in sulfur-containing high temperature environments

A model alloy consisting of Fe-18 wt pct Cr-6 wt pct Al was used to study the formation of α-aluminum oxide under various oxygen (1 to 10−20 atm) and sulfur (10−13 to 10−6 atm) partial pressures at 900 °C. Acoustic emission results indicate that at constanti,e2051-01 (10−20 atm) the oxide scale became much more resistant to isothermal cracking with increasing sulfur potentials. In addition, adherence of the oxide scale to the alloy was also enhanced and the oxidation rates increased with increasing sulfur potentials. Using inert palladium markers, the diffusion processes in the growing aluminum oxide scale were studied. In environments where oxygen was the only oxidant present, the results indicated that inward oxygen diffusion is the predominant scale growth mechanism. In contrast, oxides grown in sulfur containing environments revealed a drastic change of the marker position, indicating that the oxide growth occurred predominantly by outward aluminum ion diffusion. Oxide scale morphologies are shown using scanning and transmission electron microscopy.
Analysis of mRNA 5'-terminal cap structures and internal N6-methyladenosine by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography.

Abstract A simple procedure for determining the complete methylation profile of an mRNA molecule in a single chromatographic separation is described. The mRNA is selectively hydrolyzed to its component nucleosides leaving its cap 0 (m 7 GpppN′) or cap 1 (m 7 GpppN′m) structure intact. The hydrolysis products, which can include cap 0, cap 1, 2′- O -methylnucleosides (N″m) of cap 2 (m 7 GpppN′mpN″m) and internal N 6 -methyladenosine, are separated on an octadecyl reverse-phase column using a mobile phase containing acetonitrile and ammonium formate, a weak ion-pairing reagent. methyl - 3 H-labeled poly(A)-containing mRNA is used to demonstrate the efficacy of the procedure.
Multiple roles of β-catenin in controlling the neurogenic niche for midbrain dopamine neurons

Stem cell-based replacement therapy has emerged as a potential strategy to alleviate specific features of movement disorder in Parkinson9s disease. However, the current strategy to produce dopamine (DA) neurons from embryonic stem cells has many limitations, including the difficulty of generating DA neurons with high yields. Further insights into the mechanisms that control the neurogenesis of DA neurons will reduce or mitigate such limitations. It is well established that the ventral midbrain (vMB) contains the neurogenic niche that produces DA neurons. However, it is unclear how the microenvironment within this niche controls DA neurogenesis. Here, we show that β-catenin controls DA neurogenesis by maintaining the integrity of the neurogenic niche and the progression from progenitors to DA neurons. Using conditional gene targeting approaches, we show that regional deletion of β-catenin in the vMB by using Shh-Cre disrupts adherent junctions of progenitors and the integrity of radial glia in the vMB, which leads to a severe reduction in DA neurogenesis and perturbs the migration and segregation of DA neurons. By contrast, Th-IRES-Cre removes β-catenin in a subset of neural progenitor cells without perturbing the cellular and structural integrity of the vMB. Interestingly, loss of β-catenin in Th-IRES-Cre; β -Ctn fl/fl mutants negatively regulates neurogenesis by interfering with the progression of committed progenitors to DA neurons. Taken together, these results provide new insights into the indispensable functions of β-catenin at multiple stages during DA neurogenesis. They also suggest that β-catenin-mediated signaling pathways can be targeted to promote and expand DA neurons in cell-based therapeutic strategies.
Identification of Neuronal Isozyme Specific Residues by Comparison of Goldfish Aldolase C to Other Aldolases

A 2061 bp cDNA encoding a goldfish (Carassius auratus) aldolase was isolated from a goldfish brain library. The deduced 362 amino acid sequence is more similar to vertebrate brain (aldolase C) and muscle aldolases (aldolase A) than to the liver isozymes (aldolase B). Northern blot analysis indicates strong expression of the mRNA in brain but not in liver or muscle, which indicates that this is aldolase C rather than aldolase A. Analysis of all known vertebrate aldolase amino acid sequences reveals five residues; Leu-57, Arg-314, Thr-324, Glu-332, and Gly-350 that are present exclusively in aldolase Cs. The goldfish clone possesses all five residues. The residues are primarily located in the carboxyl-terminal region of the enzyme and may play a role in determining the neuronal isozyme-specific properties of the enzyme. Furthermore, the existence of an aldolase C in a teleost fish has implications with respect to the timing of genome duplication events that are thought to have been critical in vertebrate evolution.
A mode-mode coupling theory of chemical reaction in a dense fluid

A study is made of the coupling between chemical reaction and diffusion in a dense fluid. Our analysis utilizes the projection operator formalism and a generalized Langevin equation that is based on irreversible, phenomenological equations of motion instead of conventional Hamiltonian mechanics. It also is shown that this same “non-Hamiltonian” theory provides a simple way of deriving Kawasaki's mode-mode coupling theory of diffusion.
Can Anopheles gambiae be infected with Wolbachia pipientis? Insights from an in vitro system

Wolbachia pipientis are maternally inherited endosymbionts associated with cytoplasmic incompatibility, a potential mechanism to drive transgenic traits into Anopheles populations for malaria control. W. pipientis infections are common in many mosquito genera but have never been observed in any Anopheles species, leading to the hypothesis that Anopheles mosquitoes are incapable of harboring infection. We used an in vitro system to evaluate the ability of Anopheles gambiae cells to harbor diverse W. pipientis infections. We successfully established W. pipientis infections (strains wRi and wAlbB) in the immunocompetent Anopheles gambiae cell line Sua5B. Infection was confirmed by PCR, antibiotic curing, DNA sequencing, and direct observation using fluorescence in situ hybridization. The infections were maintained at high passage rates for >30 passages. Our results indicate that there is no intrinsic genetic block to W. pipientis infection in A. gambiae cells, suggesting that establishment of in vivo W. pipientis infections in Anopheles mosquitoes may be feasible.
Transformation of hydroxylated derivatives of 2,5-dichlorobiphenyl and 2,4,6-trichlorobiphenyl by Burkholderia xenovorans LB400.

The polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)-degrading bacterium, Burkholderia xenovorans LB400, was capable of transforming three hydroxylated derivatives of 2,5-dichlorobiphenyl (2,5-DCB) (2′-hydroxy- (2′-OH-), 3′-OH-, and 4′-OH-2,5-DCB) when biphenyl was used as the carbon source (i.e., biphenyl pathway-inducing condition), although only 2′-OH-2,5-DCB was transformed when the bacterium was growing on succinate (i.e., condition non-inductive of the biphenyl pathway). On the contrary, hydroyxlated derivatives of 2,4,6-trichlorobiphenyl (2,4,6-TCB) (2′-OH-, 3′-OH-, and 4′-OH-2,4,6-TCB) were not significantly transformed by B. xenovorans LB400, regardless of the carbon source used. Gene expression analyses showed a clear correlation between the transformation of OH-2,5-DCBs and expression of genes of the biphenyl pathway. The PCB metabolite, 2,5-dichlorobenzoic acid (2,5-DCBA), was produced following the transformation of OH-2,5-DCBs. 2,5-DCBA was not further transformed by B. xenovorans LB400. The present study is significant because it provides evidence that PCB-degrading bacteria are capable of transforming hydroxylated derivatives of PCBs, which are increasingly considered as a new class of environmental contaminants.
Doppler assessment of the pulsatility index of the middle cerebral artery during constriction of the fetal ductus arteriosus after indomethacin therapy.

To investigate the effects of constriction of the ductus arteriosus on the pulsatility index of the middle cerebral artery, maximum velocity waveforms were obtained in 13 fetuses (one set of twins) whose mothers were treated with indomethacin for preterm labor ( n = 9) or polyhydramnios ( n = 3). Eleven of the fetuses manifested ductal constriction within 48 hours of therapy, whereas two fetuses had constriction after 1 week of therapy. Six of the 13 fetuses also manifested tricuspid insufficiency in association with constriction of the ductus arteriosus. All abnormal cardiac changes resolved in utero after discontinuation of indomethacin. No difference in the pulsatility index values of the middle cerebral artery was observed in the fetuses with ductal constriction but without tricuspid regurgitation ( n = 7) when the values were compared with those obtained in absence of ductal constriction (1.87 ± 0.37 vs. 1.88 ± 0.33). In the fetuses that manifested both ductal constriction and tricuspid insufficiency ( n = 6), the pulsatility index values in the middle cerebral artery were significantly lower in the presence of ductal constriction when compared with the values obtained in the absence of ductal constriction (2.22 ± 0.26 vs. 1.57 ± 0.34). These results indicate that a response to indomethacin sufficient to cause both ductal constriction and tricuspid insufficiency decreases the pulsatility index of the middle cerebral artery.
How well do we understand the synthesis of (ET) 2I3 by electrocrystallization? ESR and X-ray identification of (ET) 2I3 crystals which are mixtures of phases and observation of high-Tc states of (ET) 2I3, ranging from 2.5–6.9 K

Abstract A previously unreported, perhaps widely occurring, phenomenon has been observed in the ESR examination of α- and s-(ET) 2I3 crystals prepared by electrocrystallization. Crystals that are in themselves α-s-mixtures have been identified. The unusual mixed-phase crystals were first discovered in attempts to alloy (ET) 2I3 and triiodides of closely related donors but have subsequently been detected in simple (ET) 2I3 electrocrystallizations. In all cases where mixed-phase systems have been isolated, crystals have been noted growing on the bottom of the anodic portion of the H-cell. It is not known at present whether the α/s-crystals were formed on the bottom, on the anode, or at both sites, although experiments are in progress to clarify this point. A second novel observation that has been made in investigating the mixed-phase systems is that crystals of (ET) 2I3 have been found that have high-Tc states, ranging from 2.5 to 6.9 K (rf penetration depth). It appears that α-, and s-, and s∗ (or αt)-(ET) 2I3 phases may all occur in one “single” crystal, thereby producing a range of Tcs from 1.5–8 K. In the minimum, these findings suggest that crystals of (ET) 2I3 prepared by electrocrystallization should be carefully screened. In all likelihood, the results have significant ramifications for electrocrystallization preparations in general. An ESR spectroscopic procedure has been developed for identifying and quantifying the composition of s-(ET) 2I3 crystals that are mixtures of phases.
Athletes' attributions for team performance: A theoretical test across sports and genders

This study investigated reasons that men and women college athletes gave for their teams' performances. Different predictions drawn from ego-serving bias theory (Miller & Ross, 1975), self-esteem theory (Dittes, 1959; Jones, 1973), and cognitive consistency theory (Festinger, 1957; Heider, 1958) were tested. Across three studies, men and women basketball players, and men football players responded to a measure of self-esteem and an attribution measure of internality/externality following team wins and losses. Results across the studies provided strong support for ego-serving bias theory. However, gender differences were observed in that the ego-serving tendency to internalize wins to a greater extent than losses was not significantly present for women basketball players as compared to men basketball and football players. Additionally, results provided partial support for cognitive consistency theory, while failing to support self-esteem theory.
Neural disease: Drosophila degenerates for a good cause

Human neurodegenerative disorders are typified by late onset cell loss in specific brain regions and stereotypic neuroanatomical and behavioral aberrations. Recent studies suggest that molecular genetic approaches in Drosophila may shed important new light on conserved mechanisms underlying such disorders.
Stability and cross-slip of [01] superdislocations in γ-TiAl

Abstract The stability of superpartial dislocations and their kink pairs in various slip planes is of great interest since the cross-slip of dislocations in γ-TiAl is profuse at high temperatures. Hence, the fundamental understanding of dislocation stability would promote further understanding of cross-slip behavior and anomalous hardening in this material. First the energy factor and the line tension factor have been calculated using Stroh's sextic formalism from RT to 1173 K. The {111} cross-slip of 〈101] type superdislocations occurs at relatively moderate temperatures while the {010) type cross-slip was observed at high temperatures. The elastic anisotropy effect in terms of interaction forces between superpartials was examined to understand the temperature dependent cross-slip behavior of the superpartial dislocations. The elastic stability of superpartials was checked on (111) and (010) planes. In addition, the interaction energy between a kink-pair formed on superpartials was calculated on various cross-slip planes.
Workload capacity considering NBTI degradation in multi-core systems

As device feature sizes continue to shrink, long-term reliability such as Negative Bias Temperature Instability (NBTI) leads to low yields and short mean-time-to-failure (MTTF) in multi-core systems. This paper proposes a new workload balancing scheme based on device level fractional NBTI model to balance the workload among active cores while relaxing stressed ones. The proposed method employs the Capacity Rate (CR) provided by the NBTI model, applies Dynamic Zoning (DZ) algorithm to group cores into zones to process task flows, and then uses Dynamic Task Scheduling (DTS) to allocate tasks in each zone with balanced workload and minimum communication cost. Experimental results on 64-core system show that by allowing a small part of the cores to relax over a short time period (10 seconds), the proposed methodology improves multi-core system yield (percentage of core failures) by 20%, while extending MTTF by 30% with insignificant degradation in performance (less than 3%).
From adaptive hypermedia to the adaptive web

Web systems suffer from an inability to satisfy heterogeneous needs of many users. A remedy for the negative effects of the traditional “one-size-fits-all” approach is to develop systems with an ability to adapt their behavior to the goals, tasks, interests, and other features of individual users and groups of users. Adaptive Web is a relatively young research area. Started in with a few pioneering works on adaptive hypertext in early 1990, it now attracts many researchers from different communities such as hypertext, user modeling, machine learning, natural language generation, information retrieval, intelligent tutoring systems, cognitive science, and Web-based education. Currently, the established application areas of adaptive Web systems are education, information retrieval, and kiosk-style information systems. A number of more recent projects are also exploring new application areas such as e-commerce, medicine, and tourism. While research-level systems constitute the majority of adaptive Web systems, a few successful industrial systems show the commercial potential of the field. This talk will review a number of adaptation techniques that have been developed and evaluated in the field of adaptive hypermedia and applied in adaptive Web systems. It will also present several examples of adaptive Web systems in different application areas. To answer the conference motto “interaction in motion” the talk will specially address the issue of developing adaptive systems for ubiquitous computing and mobile Web. It will discuss the needs and challenges of “adaptation in motion” and present some known success stories.
Defense of Cities by Antiballistic Missiles

Given a number of short-range anti-ballistic missiles (ABM), one would like to distribute them among the possible targets in such a way as to minimize the fatalities which an attacker can cause. We have solved this mini-max problem by an elementary mathematical method. We found that there is an optimal distribution of the defending missiles which remains optimal independent of the size of the attack, provided the total number of defending missiles and the number of targets are reasonably large. Calculations for the U.S. indicate that the number of fatalities can be further reduced by a factor of 4 to 7 by means of passive defense, i.e., blast shelters, similar to those under Chinese cities.
Purification of functionally intact 1,4-dihydropyridine receptor from rabbit skeletal muscle by HPLC

Functionally intact 1,4-dihydropyridine receptors have been isolated from digitonin-solubilized skeletal muscle membranes with the combined use of Wheatgerm Lectin-Sepharose affinity chromatography and ion-exchange HPLC. Lectin affinity chromatography was used for the purification of glycoproteins containing N-acetyl-glucosamines residues. Separation of functionally intact 1,4-dihydropyridine receptor/calcium channel complex from Mg2+-ATPase, one of the most abundant glycoproteins in skeletal muscle T-tubular membranes, was successfully performed by HPLC on a TSKgel DEAE-5PW column.
The Artist in Contemplation: Love and Creation in Schiller's Philosophische Briefe

In addition to documenting the development of the author's philosophical world-view from his student days to his first years as an independent artist, Schiller's Philosophische Briefe provide a unique view into his continued endeavour to define and defend the artist's role in society. The examination of the artistic nature forms a remarkable subtext throughout the entire Philosophische Briefe project. It is certainly not Schiller's conscious intent to expose his own doubts and insecurities regarding the moral tendency of his profession. Indeed, his stance in the foreword to the work is so urgently self-assured that he betrays himself primarily by protesting too much. However, the frame narrative and the internal philosophical essay, the Theosophie des Julius, reveal just how much his early philosophy centres on the justification of the artist, and how tenuous this justification is. This article addresses the representation of the artist in each of the three sections that compose the Philosophische Briefe, with reference to other works of the same period that relate thematically. Taken together, these representations illuminate some of the key reasons why Schiller felt compelled to defend his life's pursuit, and against what or whom.
Physicians’ reactions to uncertainty in the context of shared decision making

Abstract Objective Physicians' reactions towards uncertainty may influence their willingness to engage in shared decision making (SDM). This study aimed to identify variables associated with physician's anxiety from uncertainty and reluctance to disclose uncertainty to patients. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional secondary analysis of longitudinal data of an implementation study of SDM among primary care professionals ( n =122). Outcomes were anxiety from uncertainty and reluctance to disclose uncertainty to patients. Hypothesized factors that would be associated with outcomes included attitude, social norm, perceived behavioral control, intention to implement SDM in practice, and socio-demographics. Stepwise linear regression was used to identify predictors of anxiety from uncertainty and reluctance to disclose uncertainty to patients. Results In multivariate analyses, anxiety from uncertainty was influenced by female gender ( β =0.483; p =0.0039), residency status (1st year: β =0.600; p =0.001; 2nd year: β =0.972; p β =−0.012; p =0.048). Reluctance to disclose uncertainty to patients was influenced by having more years in formal education ( β =−1.996; p =0.012). Conclusion Variables associated with anxiety from uncertainty differ from those associated with reluctance to disclose uncertainty to patients. Practice implications Given the importance of communicating uncertainty during SDM, measuring physicians' reactions to uncertainty is essential in SDM implementation studies.
Mapping of putative binding sites on the ectodomain of the type II TGF-β receptor by scanning-deletion mutagenesis and knowledge-based modeling

Binding surfaces of the type II transforming growth factor (TGF)-β receptor extracellular domain (TβRII-ECD) are mapped by combining scanning-deletion mutagenesis results with knowledge-based modeling of the ectodomain structure. Of the 17 deletion mutants produced within the core binding domain of TβRII-ECD, only three retained binding to TGF-β. Comparative modeling based on the crystal structure of the activin type II receptor extracellular domain (ActRII-ECD) indicates that the TβRII mutants which retain TGF-β binding are deleted in some of the loops connecting the β-strands in the TβRII-ECD model. Interpretation of the mutagenesis data within the structural framework of the ectodomain model allows for the prediction of potential binding sites at the surface of TβRII-ECD.
Competency for Execution Assessments: Ethical Continuities and Professional Tasks

Articles periodically portray as unethical those forensic mental health professionals who perform Competency for Execution (CFE) assessments. The present commentary reviews the ethics and practices in CFE evaluations. Particular attention is paid to individual ethical understandings, to developments in forensic practices related to CFE, and to conceptual and applied frames of reference that allow a means of organizing and approaching CFE tasks. A decision tree is offered to assist practitioners in recognizing factors that should be considered when making decisions about performing CFE and other types of evaluations in capital cases.