cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Thermoelectric-Hydromagnetic Pump

A thermally powered pump for fluids which are electrically conducting, which utilizes the Lorentz force between an electric current induced by the Seebeck effect, and an external magnetic field is examined. The pressure rise in the pump is found to be proportional to the magnetic flux density while the flow rate is found to be inversely proportional to the magnetic flux density. Thus the pumping power and efficiency (both being proportional to the product of pressure rise and flow) are independent of the applied magnetic field. Calculations for a pump with constantan walls handling sodium and utilizing a temperature difference of 300 deg C show that a maximum efficiency of close to seven-tenths of a percent is possible. If the same pump is constructed with optimum thickness walls made of the semiconductor AgSbTe2 , it would have an efficiency of nearly six percent.
Network properties of crystalline polymorphs of silica

Abstract A method is presented for the study of structure in tetrahedrally coordinated networks. The motivation for this approach is that the now customary description of silica glasses as a continuous-random network, derived from Zachariasen's work, is no longer adequate for description of the structurally distinct states of glass that are presently being investigated. The local structure of the network under consideration is studied, giving a definition of that part of the structure which ought to be considered the local environment of a particular tetrahedron in the network. When these definitions are applied to the crystalline polymorphs, it is found that each of them can be distinguished without reference to either symmetry or unit cells.
Structural theorems for quasiasymptotics of distributions at infinity

Complete structural theorems for quasiasymptotics of distributions are presented in this article. For this, asymptotically homogeneous functions and associate asymptotically homogeneous functions at infinity with respect to a slowly varying function are employed. The proposed analysis, based on the concept of asymptotically and associate asymptotically homogeneous functions, allows to obtain easier proofs of the structural theorems for quasiasymptotics at infinity in the so far only known case: when the degree of the quasiasymptotic is not a negative integer. Furthermore, new structural theorems for the case of negative integral degrees are obtained by this method.
Subconjunctival Corticosteroid Therapy Complicated by Hyperinfective Strongyloidiasis

A 57-year-old man was treated for a corneal ulcer with a penetrating keratoplasty, followed by six weeks of a regimen of 4 to 8 mg of dexamethasone injected subconjunctivally daily. Before therapy, he was clinically well and 10% eosinophils were noted on his differential white blood cell count. He developed a gastric peptic ulcer with hemorrhage and severe strongyloidiasis of the stomach and duodenum that worsened as the ulcer responded to medical therapy. The strongyloidiasis resulted in physiologic gastric outlet obstruction by decreasing gastrointestinal motility. There was evidence of hyperinvasive and disseminated strongyloidiasis, complicated by meningitis and Serratia marcescens bacteremia. He survived and received thiabendazole treatment for strongyloidiasis, which was successful. Subconjunctival corticosteroids caused a systemic effect that changed asymptomatic Strongyloides infection into hyperinvasive strongyloidiasis.
ASIS&T 2011 plenary session: Preservation: The final frontier

Editor's Summary Tom Wilson, professor emeritus at the University of Sheffield, explored the perils and challenges of information preservation in a talk at the 2011 Annual Meeting. Wilson described 2011 technology as quaint from a future perspective and retraced the evolution of known document formats from cave painting and papyrus through clay, wood, paper, microfilm, laser discs and today's variety of digital record formats. Not only is the continuing evolution in formats a challenge in itself, but the content of bygone eras may not be comprehensible to those who follow. Decisions about what to preserve come into play, involving judgments at a point in time that may not be the same from a different temporal viewpoint. These issues, together with migration through versions of hardware and software, suggest keeping lots of copies in safe places, leading to impossibly huge amounts of data to store indefinitely. Wilson mused that reverting to paper, following digital librarian Brewster Kahle's lead, might be our best option.
Convex Lp approximation

In [7] Karlovitz developed an algorithm for finding best Lp approximations from certain finite-dimensional subspaces for p an even integer. It will be shown that this algorithm converges for 2 < p < co when the approximating subspace is replaced by certain closed convex subsets of a linitedimensional subspace. Furthermore, the restrictions which must be placed on the functions involved to ensure convergence are weakened. We shall consider the problem of approximating 0 by elements of a closed nonempty convex subset K which is contained in a finite-dimensional subspace and which does not contain 0. This is seen to be equivalent to the general problem of approximating a function f by elements of a closed convex subset G, with f 65 G and G contained in a finite-dimensional subspace, by simply translating all functions involved by -f. That is,
Continuously pumped rotating millikelvin cryostat

Abstract We report the construction of a rotating nuclear demagnetization cryostat which can be continuously operated. The refrigerator employs a quadruple concentric rotating vacuum seal. The minimum 3He temperature of this cryostat in the stationary state is 165 μK. In the rotating state there is a relatively large heat leak which depends both on the rotation rate and on the field in the main demagnetization magnet.
A heuristic algorithm for small separators in arbitrary graphs

Some heuristic random polynomial time algorithms for finding good cuts in arbitrary graphs are presented. A cut is good if there are a small number of edges across the cut and if the cut divides the set of vertices somewhat evenly. The algorithms obtain cuts from solutions to randomly chosen network flow problems based on the input graph. Probabilistic bounds for the goodness of the cut obtained in terms of the goodness of an optimal separator are derived. These bounds are valid for all input graphs. There is reason to think that the algorithm will perform better than the bounds indicate.
Bronchial Responsiveness to Exercise After Human Cardiopulmonary Transplantation

Heart-lung transplant (HLT) recipients characteristically display marked bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) to inhaled methacholine, but their bronchial responsiveness (BR) to exercise has not been reported. We measured BR to exercise in 13 stable HLT recipients, 13 normal control (NC) subjects and 13 asthmatic patients (AS). All subjects exercised for eight minutes on a bicycle ergometer at a work level designed to obtain and maintain 80 percent maximum heart rate, or to tolerance. The postexercise fall in FEV 1 was equivalent in the HLT group and the NC group (0 ± 0.2 L vs 0 ± 0.2 L:p = NS) in contrast to the AS group (– 0.6 ± 0.5 L:p (Chest 1989; 96:281–86)
Study of hot carrier relaxation in quantum wells by subpicosecond Raman scattering

Relaxation of hot carriers excited by subpicosecond laser pulses has been studied by Raman scattering in GaAs/AlAs multiple quantum wells with well widths varying between 100 and 1000 {Angstrom}. The hot phonon population observed by Raman scattering is found to decrease with the well width despite the fact that the hot electron temperature remains constant. The results are explained in terms of confinement of both electrons and optical phonons in quantum wells.
Bilateral internal carotid artery dissection from vomiting

Dissection of the internal carotid artery is responsible for approximately 5% of ischemic strokes in adults. The pathophysiology of dissection can be either traumatic or spontaneous. The true incidence of spontaneous dissection is unknown. Once considered very rare, an increased awareness, combined with noninvasive evaluation by ultrasound and magnetic resonance angiography, has demonstrated a more frequent occurrence. Trivial trauma (ie, rather than external blunt or penetrating trauma) such as vomiting has rarely been documented as causing bilateral dissection. It is well recognized by neurologists but often not by other physicians. Prognosis is good, but delay in diagnosis may result in residual neurologic deficits. It should therefore be suspected early, especially in younger patients presenting with transient ischemic attacks or stroke.
Morphine and naloxone effects on spontaneous unit activity in the caudate, central grey, and amygdala

Abstract 1. 1. This research was designed to answer three questions about morphine's physiological actions. 1.1. a) Is the effect the same in three brain areas (caudate, central grey, amygdala) which are commonly believed to mediate morphine effects? 1.2. b) Does morphine have a predominantly excitatory effect on neurons in the central grey? 1.3. c) Is there diurnal variation in the physiological effects? These issues were evaluated by monitoring morphine-induced changes in unit impulse activity simultaneously from the three regions at two different times of day (0600 and 1800 hours) in 27 acutely prepared rats. 2. 2. Morphine's (15 mg/kg, i.p.) principal effect was to depress unit activity in each brain area; depression was most prominent in the caudate and central grey, being least evident in the amygdala (anterior nucleus). Naloxone (1 mg/kg) generally reversed morphine-induced depression, but had no clear effects when given after saline. No diurnal effects of morphine or naloxone were evident. Neither morphine, nor naloxone given after morphine or after saline, had any clear effect on the variance of unit activity. 3. 3. The relative lack of depression in the anterior amygdala suggests that morphine does not affect all brain areas alike, even when the areas being studied are all thought to be primarily involved in mediating morphine action. The predominance of depression in the central grey does not readily support the hypothesis that morphine “excites” neurons there which are inhibitory and thus block transmission of nociceptive input. Diurnal effects, if they exist at all in this species, do not seem to have any substantial magnitude in these brain areas, under these conditions.
Biofeedback apparatus: List of suppliers

The popularity of biofeeback procedures has resulted in a wide variety of commercial products. This report lists 38 suppliers, the types of feedback devices available, and retail prices.
THE CHEMISTRY AND CELL BIOLOGY OF THE VACUOLAR PROTEINS OF SEEDS

Ultrastructural, cytochemical and immunochemical evidence obtained using different plant families supports a suggested model for the biosynthesis of the storage proteins of seeds. Aleurins of the legumin type are proposed to be homologous. The proposed homologues are usually hexamers or tetramers of a disulfide bridged subunit of the A-S-S-B type. The large observed variations in amino acid composition of the proposed homologues imply they are liberal proteins; i.e., large variations in the amino acid sequence of the subunits do not cause lethal effects nor change the function of the protein. The list of proposed legumiu homologues includes the legumins, glycinin, arachin, edestin and cocosin. Some unnamed cottonseed proteins also seem to qualify.
The primary sequence of rabbit α-globin mRNA

Abstract The rabbit α-globin DNA insertion in the chimeric plasmid pHb72 (Liu et al., 1977) has been sequenced by the method of Maxam and Gilbert (1977). This has enabled us to determine the messenger RNA (mRNA) sequence beginning in the 5′ untranslated region 9 nucleotides before the initiation codon and extending through the first 361 nucleotides of the translated region. The data reported here overlap and are in complete agreement with sequences determined by Baralle (1977) for the 5′ end of the mRNA and by Proudfoot et al. (1977) for the 3′ end. Our sequence is also in agreement with the partial complementary RNA (cRNA) sequencing data which we reported previously (Paddock et al., 1977) and with the published amino acid sequence. Save for three uncertain nucleotides in the 3′ sequence determined by Proudfoot et al. (1977), this work marks the completion of the primary sequence of the rabbit α-globin mRNA. These observations reaffirm the high fidelity with which gene copies can be synthesized in vitro, cloned in a bacterial plasmid and maintained in the host. The general features of the mRNA nucleotide sequence are discussed with particular attention given to the base composition and codon preferences observed and to comparison of this sequence with other completed mRNA gene sequences. A new computer program has been used to search for the most stable base-pairing arrangement of the completed mRNA.
Effects of income and social awareness on consumer WTP for social product attributes

Abstract Recent developments in environmental and animal welfare issues, and the introduction of new production practices may have affected consumer attitudes and preferences toward differentiated product choice. Factors such as animal well-being, environmentally friendly production, and the use of antibiotics appear to be increasingly core consumer concerns. We link the aforementioned with Maslow's hierarchy of needs suggesting that the higher income consumers should be more altruistic in their consumptive behavior and test this by evaluating consumer preferences for these attributes in pork chops. We also test whether social consciousness of the consumers translates into choice behavior. Data was obtained by choice experiment surveys and mixed logit estimation was used to estimate consumers' willingness-to-pay for the credence attributes. Results reveal that both, higher income and socially aware consumers are on average willing to pay higher premiums for the antibiotic-free attribute, but not for other two social attributes. Also, the group of higher income consumers is highly heterogeneous in their preferences, whereas socially aware consumers tend to be more homogeneous in their preferences.
Tutorial CIFER-T2 Boeing's method for valuing high-risk high-return technology projects using real options

Technologists and engineers endeavor to design and propose leading edge concepts, but the development of these concepts ultimately depends on obtaining funds justified by a business case. This tutorial provides technologists with the business-case methods and tools to calculate the value of projects involving risky new technology or markets but potentially offer higher returns in the long run. These straightforward methods and tools have been adopted from sophisticated techniques used in the options markets, where investments in risky securities are routinely traded. We first present an example scenario for a new product and review a typical business case using net present value analysis. Next we develop a “what-if” multi-scenario business case model using Monte Carlo simulation. An introduction to real options is then provided. A real option, an option investment in “real” physical assets such as a technology or project, is based on the same concept as financial options. Finally, we determine a risk-averse investment decision using real options calculated with an intuitive and transparent algorithmic tool. Two classic option-value techniques are introduced: the Nobel Prize winning Black-Scholes formula and a graphical approach called the binomial lattice model. Finally, we introduce a new real option value algorithm, the Datar-Mathews Method that is both intuitive and transparent. In conclusion we show Business Engineering is a new approach that provides engineers with investment and risk modeling tools and methods that can be incorporated alongside standard systems engineering design modeling techniques to justify the targeting of project investment dollars to manage risk, shape value outcomes, and make better strategic decisions.
Gene expression profiles in the cerebellum and hippocampus following exposure to a neurotoxicant, Aroclor 1254: developmental effects.

Abstract The developmental consequences of exposure to the polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have been widely studied, making PCBs a unique model to understand issues related to environmental mixture of persistent chemicals. PCB exposure in humans adversely affects neurocognitive development, causes psychomotor difficulties, and contributes to attention deficits in children, all of which seem to be associated with altered patterns of neuronal connectivity. In the present study, we examined gene expression profiles in the rat nervous system following PCB developmental exposure. Pregnant rats (Long-Evans) were dosed perinatally with 0 or 6 mg/kg/day of Aroclor 1254 from gestation day 6 through postnatal day (PND) 21. Gene expression in cerebellum and hippocampus from PND7 and PND14 animals was analyzed with an emphasis on developmental aspects. Changes in gene expression (≥ 1.5 fold) in control animals identified normal developmental changes. These basal levels of expression were compared to data from Aroclor 1254-treated animals to determine the impact of gestational PCB exposure on developmental parameters. The results indicate that the expression of a number of developmental genes related to cell cycle, synaptic function, cell maintenance, and neurogenesis is significantly altered from PND7 to PND14. Aroclor 1254 treatment appears to dampen the overall growth-related gene expression levels in both regions with the effect being more pronounced in the cerebellum. Functional analysis suggests that Aroclor 1254 delays maturation of the developing nervous system, with the consequences dependent on the ontological state of the brain area and the functional role of the individual gene. Such changes may underlie learning and memory deficits observed in PCB exposed animals and humans.
Palladium metal nanoparticle size control through ion paired structures of [PdCl4]2− with protonated PDMAEMA

The mean diameter of palladium metal particles produced by citrate reduction of the (H+)n PDMAEMA/[PdCl4]2− aqueous system increases from 1.4 nm to 5.0 nm as the pH decreases from 6.3 to 3.3 and the (H+)n PDMAEMA/[PdCl4]2− species undergo conversion from a cross linked polymer network to a single chain structure.
Efficacy of Feeding Glucosinolate-Extracted Crambe Meal to Broiler Chicks

Glucosinolates and their breakdown products (nitriles) have long been implicated as toxic factors when feeding rapeseed (Brassica napus) meals and crambe (Crambe abyssinica) meals to poultry. Accordingly, various methods have been developed to remove these compounds from the meals to enhance their value as feed supplements. Glucosinolates and nitriles were extracted from commercially processed, defatted crambe meal by washing with water or various solvent-water mixtures: 50% isopropanol, 50% acetone, or 50% ethanol. In addition, crambe seed was extruded and extracted in the laboratory with isopropanol or hexane. Water washing of commercially defatted meal proved to be the most effective method of extraction, removing 95% of the glucosinolates and nitriles. Meals were fed to 7-d-old broiler chicks at 10% of the diet for 14 d. Weight gain decreased (P < .05) in most groups; however a greater decrease (P < .01) was observed in birds fed meals with high glucosinolate content. Feed intake also decreased (P < .05) in most groups; consequently, feed efficiencies were similar for all groups. No changes in serum chemistries, triiodothyronine, thyroxine, or tissue lesions were associated with glucosinolate or nitrile intake. A relationship (P < .05, r = .74) was found between weight gain and glucosinolate intake. No correlation was found between feed intake and meal glucosinolate or nitrile concentrations.
Role of irradiation in the management of superior vena cava syndrome

The records of 125 patients treated for superior vena cava syndrome secondary to malignant disease were reviewed retrospectively. The mean age of patients was 55 years. Bronchogenic carcinoma was the cause of the syndrome in 79% of cases, malignant lymphoma 18%, and other tumors 6%. Approximately 80% of the patients obtained good to excellent symptomatic relief. High initial dose radiation therapy (300-400 cGy daily for three fractions) yielded good symptomatic relief in less than 2 weeks in 70% of patients; conventional dose radiation therapy (200 cGy daily, five weekly fractions) yielded the same response in 56% of patients (p = 0.09). Lymphoma patients displayed a 1 year survival of 41%, small cell carcinoma 24%, and other types of bronchogenic carcinoma 17%. Combination of radiation and chemotherapy did not improve response rate, degree of symptomatic relief or long-term survival. Patients exhibiting symptomatic relief within 30 days had a significantly better survival rate than those who did not (p = 0.002). Thirteen percent of patients showed a recurrence of superior vena cava syndrome. There was no correlation between tumor regression and symptomatic relief. Side effects of therapy were minimal; dysphagia was the most common complaint (26% of patients).
Stress and Reactivity to Daily Relationship Experiences: How Stress Hinders Adaptive Processes in Marriage

Maintaining a relationship requires that intimates successfully navigate the ups and downs of their daily experiences with their partners. Intimates whose daily global satisfaction is heavily dependent on these experiences exhibit worse relationship outcomes than do intimates whose satisfaction is less sensitive to fluctuating daily experiences. The current studies examined how intimates' reactivity to daily experiences within the relationship is affected by their experiences of stress outside the relationship. Using diary data, Study 1 examined the covariance between spouses' daily global and specific relationship evaluations in 146 newlywed couples. Between-subjects analyses revealed that daily global satisfaction covaried with perceptions of specific relationship experiences more strongly in spouses experiencing more stress. Study 2 examined the within-person association between reactivity and stress using 7-day diaries collected at 3 time points over 4 years in a sample of 82 couples. Intimates' reactivity to daily relationship experiences was stronger when they were experiencing greater than normal stress. All findings held when controlling for the influence of various individual difference factors on reactivity. These findings highlight ways that adaptive relationship functioning may be constrained by external stress.
Blood-borne interleukin-1 alpha is transported across the endothelial blood-spinal cord barrier of mice.

1. Previous work has shown that one mechanism by which blood-borne interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1) may be able to affect the central nervous system (CNS) is by direct transport into the brain across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The BBB of the brain consists of endothelial (between blood and interstitial fluid) and ependymal (between blood and cerebrospinal fluid) barriers. Which of these barriers IL-1 can cross has not previously been investigated. At the spinal cord, which could be the site of action for some of the effects of IL-1 such as analgesia, the BBB consists only of the endothelial barrier. 2. We show here that IL-1 labelled with 125I (I-IL) is transported across the BBB of the spinal cord by a saturable system similar to the one previously described for the brain. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) showed that most of the material entering the spinal cord represented intact I-IL. The BBB of the spinal cord was no more leaky to radioactively labelled albumin than the BBB of the brain and was not disrupted by 50 micrograms kg-1 of IL-1. 3. Capillary depletion showed that most of the I-IL entered the parenchymal-interstitial fluid space of the spinal cord with only a modest amount being sequestered by the endothelial cells of its BBB. 4. I-IL entered the cervical, thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord equally well. I-IL entering at the brain and diffusing caudally was estimated only to account for about 1% of the total radioactivity found in the spinal cord after i.v. injection.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Arrangements defined by unitary reflection groups

Let V be a complex vector space of dimension I. An arrangement in V is a finite set d of hyperplanes, all containing the origin. Let L = L ( d ) be the set of intersections of elements of ~r Partially order L by reverse inclusion so that L has V as its minimal element and d as its set of atoms. The poset L is a finite geometric lattice with rank function r(X)= dim V/X, XE L. Without loss of generality we assume that N H ~ , H =0 is the maximal element of L and thus L has rank I. The characteristic polynomial z(L, t) of L is defined by
Single-sex Classes: Female Physics Students State Their Case

Since the passage of Title IX in 1972, gender equity has been addressed through means that reflect inclusion and integration by gender. Recent Supreme Court decisions such as the one deeming the Virginia Military Institute's admission policies to be unlawfully discriminatory against women suggest a reinforced and perhaps narrowed interpretation of appropriate means for attaining gender equity in public schools. This case and others also suggest that publicly funded single-sex programs may be in jeopardy. This study examines data collected from a girls-only physics class in a public coeducational high school. Interview and observation data from this class, as well as from a coeducational physics class taught by the same teacher, illustrate that the girls in the single-sex class made substantial gains in both academic achievement and in perceptions of themselves as competent learners of science.
PIGGYBACKING THRESHOLD PROCESSES WITH A FINITE STATE MARKOV CHAIN

The state-space representations of certain nonlinear autoregressive time series are general state Markov chains. The transitions of a general state Markov chain among regions in its state-space can be modeled with the transitions among states of a finite state Markov chain. Stability of the time series is then informed by the stationary distributions of the finite state Markov chain. This approach generalizes some previous results.
Social Network Composition and Sexual Risk-Taking Among Gay and Bisexual Men in Atlanta, GA

Social network composition is known to effect patterns of reported sexual risk-taking among men who have sex with men (MSM); however, consensus as to the directionality and size of these effects is lacking. We examined the relationships between novel aspects of social network composition and sexual risk-taking using a cross-sectional survey of 870 MSM. Social network composition was found to have mixed effects on reported sexual risk-taking: reporting proportionally more lesbian, gay, or bisexual (LGB)-identified friends and reporting friends who were on average significantly older than the respondent were both associated with reporting increased sexual risk, while reporting proportionally more LGB-identified friends in relationships and reporting a social network proportionally more aware of the respondent's homosexuality/bisexuality were both associated with reporting decreased sexual risk. The support structures created by differing social network compositions-and particularly the presence of LGB couples-may be a potential area for targeting sexual risk-reduction interventions for MSM.
A study of the molecular sources of nonideal osmotic pressure of bovine serum albumin solutions as a function of pH

The nonideal osmotic pressure of bovine serum albumin (BSA) solutions was studied extensively by Scatchard and colleagues. The extent of pH- and salt-dependent nonideality changes are large and unexplained. In 1992, Fullerton et al. derived new empirical expressions to describe solution nonideal colligative properties including osmotic pressure (Fullerton et al. 1992. Biochem. Cell Biol. 70:1325–1331). These expressions are based on the concepts of volume occupancy and hydration force. Nonideality is accurately described by a solute/solvent interaction parameter I and an "effective" osmotic molecular weight Ae. This paper uses the interaction-corrected nonideal expressions for osmotic pressure to calculate the hydration I values and "effective" osmotic molecular weight of BSA, Ae, as a function of pH. Both factors vary in a predictable manner due to denaturing of the BSA molecule. Both contribute to an increase in osmotic pressure for the same protein concentration as the solution pH moves away from the isoelectric point. Increased nonideality is caused by larger hydration resulting from larger solvent-accessible surface areas and by the decrease in "effective" osmotic molecular weight, Ae, due to segmental motion of denatured (filamentous) molecules.
Oral findings in osteoporosis. Part II: Relationship between residual ridge and alveolar bone resorption and generalized skeletal osteopenia

0 steoporosis is a major health problem for the elderly.’ The underlying clinical problem is a deficiency of bone mass, or skeletal osteopenia, resulting in fractures of the spine, the distal of the radius and ulna bones, and the neck of the femoral bone. It is estimated that 25% to 30% of all Caucasian women in the United States will experience a fracture related to osteoporosis by age 65.’ A possibly related and significant mandibular osteopenia (residual ridge resorption) appears to occur in edentulous patients, resulting in extensive residual ridge reduction. Extensive loss of bone may occur; and in patients who have no residual ridge, treatment with dentures is difficult and comfort and function are compromised.2-4 It has been suggested that there may be a relationship between residual ridge reduction and osteopenia of the remaining skeleton.‘, 5 It has also been suggested that periodontal disease, tooth mobility, and tooth loss are affected by and related to osteopenia.6-” The purpose of this study was to document the dentai findings in a group of female osteoporotic subjects and to determine the relationship between systemic and oral findings. Dental status was evaluated in terms of loss of mandibular ridge height, mandibular bone density, periodontal bone loss, and loss of teeth. The degree of generalized osteopenia was measured by determining total body calcium (total bone mass) by
Neoliberalism’s Last Lap? NASCAR Nation and the Cultural Politics of Sport:

This article examines the ways in which cultural and political intermediaries have endeavored to systematically reorganize the spectacles of North American stock car racing to reinscribe and re-present the hegemonic order of free-market capitalism. To this end, the authors draw from a complex synthesis of economic, social, and cultural theory to interrogate the political and corporate dimensions of “NASCAR Nation.” More specifically, they offer a critical investigation of the dialectic relationship between the expanding regimes of capital accumulation brought forth by neoliberal economic policy, its political imperatives and operatives, and the cultural politics that actively shape consumer experiences within the sport. They likewise interpret how corporate capitalism acts as a prevailing fixture within these spectacular spaces and fan-spectator praxis. In sum, they argue that the commercial precepts of the National Association for Stock Car Auto Racing (NASCAR) present a twisted contradiction, whereby NASCAR fans laud the same neoliberal market forces that both mesmerize their consumer sensibilities and simultaneously decimate their own postindustrial labor conditions.
Crystal structures of lithium-magnesium alloys at low temperatures

Abstract The crystal structures of Li-rich Li-Mg alloys uniquely offer the possibility of testing theories of the influence of valence-electron concentration on hexagonal axial ratio in the range 1.0–1.16 electrons per atom. The body-centered cubic phase at 78°K has a 0 = 3.475 A for Li + 13.4 atomic per cent Mg and 3.474 for 19.7 atomic per cent Mg, and the face-centered cubic phase at 78°K resulting from cold work has a 0 = 4.381 and 4.375 A respectively for the same compositions. The phase appearing on simple cooling was fully accounted for as close-packed hexagonal with stacking faults and with a and c lattice dimensions at 78°K as follows, respectively, for the atomic per cent Mg compositions listed: 4.6%, 3.099, 5.074 A; 8.8%, 3.098, 5.063; 12.5%, 3.110, 5.079 and 3.107, 5.073; 13.4%, 3.098, 5.073 and 3.098, 5.073; 16.3%, 3.104, 5.083. Distortion of c a to less than 1.633 by stresses, proposed by Goodenough, was observed in none of the alloys; the mean axial ratio was 1.6356. Difficulties of developing a quantitative theory are pointed out.
Kerr-cell-shuttered f/1.5 stigmatic spectrograph for nanosecond exposures

This paper describes a specially designed high-speed spectrograph that routinely provides information on the spatial distribution of the electron density of the gas flow in a high-performance shock tube. The instrument has a measured resolution of 1.5 A, a camera of f/1.5 aperture, and records the 3900–6700-A spectral region in a single 200 nsec exposure. Special features of the instrument include Kovar spacing plates for temperature compensation, orthogonal grating adjustments for quick alinement, a split-image view finder for focusing, and modular construction to allow different cameras and gratings to be used. Spatially resolved spectra, obtained with this instrument, of 15-km/sec shock waves traveling in air are presented.
State-of-the-art computed tomographic and magnetic resonance imaging of the gastrointestinal system

Among the major innovations in radiology of the gastrointestinal (GI) system are the replacement of classic invasive diagnostic methods with noninvasive ones and the improvement in lesion characterization and staging of pancreatobiliary malignancies. Developments in imaging technology have led to many improvements in the field of diagnostic GI radiology. With its fast and thin-section scanning abilities, multidetector-row CT (MDCT) strengthens the place of CT as the most efficient tool to diagnose, characterize, and preoperatively stage pancreatic neoplasms. MR cholangiopancreatography has widely replaced endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in the diagnosis and staging of pancreatobiliary malignancies. MR imaging, using phased-array or endorectal coils, demonstrates local tumor invasion accurately in rectal cancers and thus allows an improved surgical planning. Virtual colonoscopy with MDCTs is an efficient screening method for colon cancer, and MDCT enterography is becoming the standard imaging technique for many small bowel disorders. The continuing developments in CT and MR technology will most probably further improve the accuracy of these and other imaging applications in the near future.
Bladder cancer genotype stability during clinical progression.

Genomic instability is manifested by the accumulation of large numbers of mutations. The rate at which mutations accumulate has been difficult to estimate because serial comparisons are required. For further insight into how quickly mutations accumulate during clinical progression, cell lines sequentially isolated 6 or 11 months apart from two patients with metastatic bladder cancer were compared for loss of heterozygosity (LOH). The genomes were scanned at approximately 200 polymorphic microsatellite loci to increase the resolution and sensitivity for losses. The cell lines from both patients had evidence of genomic instability, with aneuploidy, chromosomal instability, and fractional allelic losses of 0.15 and 0. 48, respectively. However, additional changes were relatively infrequent, with more than 90% identity between the initial and recurrent cell lines. Allelic losses were not randomly scattered, but clustered on specific chromosomes. Therefore, the numbers of loci with further LOH during the clinical progression of some bladder cancers are small relative to the total number of loci with LOH, suggesting that most allelic losses accumulate before clinical presentation.
The mechanisms of n-butyllithium induced β-cleavage of 2-methyltetrahydrofuran and oxepane

Abstract The n-butyllithium induced β-cleavage reactions of 2-methyltetrahydrofuran and oxepane operate via different mechanisms. 2-Methyltetrahydrofuran undergoes an E2 elimination, whilst oxepane undergoes an α,β′-elimination involving initial deprotonation at the α-position followed by a transannular hydrogen transfer.
What do ratings of cancer-specific distress mean among women at high risk of breast and ovarian cancer?

Women recruited from a hereditary cancer registry provided ratings of distress associated with different aspects of high-risk status and genetic testing and completed measures of general psychological distress, emotional and social health, and role functioning. Overall, high-risk status was rated as more distressing than undergoing genetic testing. Women without a personal history of cancer rated the level of distress associated with a positive test result to be greater than that associated with high-risk status. In contrast, level of distress associated with a positive test result was not significantly different from that associated with high-risk status for women with a personal history of cancer. Furthermore, women with a personal cancer history also anticipated that if they had an altered gene associated with increased risk of cancer, it would be less distressing than their diagnosis of cancer had been. Women with the highest ratings of cancer-related stress were less inclined to obtain testing, but were not more generally distressed or maladjusted. The need to interpret psychological distress and the stressfulness of genetic testing among high-risk women with respect to relevant comparison data is discussed.
SAFETY AND EFFICACY OF LY3015014, A NEW MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY TO PROPROTEIN CONVERTASE SUBTILISIN/KEXIN TYPE 9 (PCSK9) WITH AN INHERENTLY LONGER DURATION OF ACTION, IN PATIENTS WITH PRIMARY HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA: A RANDOMIZED, PLACEBO-CONTROLLED, DOSE-RANGING, PHASE 2 STUDY

PCSK9 antibodies under development require dosing every (Q) 2 weeks (W) or large monthly doses to maintain sustained LDL-C reductions. LY3015014 (LY) is a humanized monoclonal antibody with an inherently longer duration of action. This phase 2 study assessed the LDL-C lowering effect of LY given
Wireless control networks: modeling, synthesis, robustness,security

Control networks are based on time-triggered wireless substrates for industrial automation control, such as the WirelessHART and Honeywell's OneWireless. Control networks have fundamental differences over their sensor network counterparts as they also include actuation and the physical dynamics. A great challenge in such systems is understanding cross-cutting interfaces between computing systems, control systems, sensor networks, and time-triggered communications.A mathematical framework is first proposed for modeling and analyzing multi-hop control networks that use time-triggered communication protocols. We propose formal models for analyzing robustness of multi-hop control networks, where data is exchanged through a multi-hop communication network subject to disruptions. Time-triggered protocols enable our approach to becompositional and hence addresses the problem of designing scalable scheduling and routing policies for multiple control loops closed on the same multi-hop control network.We then present a method to stabilize a plant using just a network of resource constrained wireless nodes. As opposed to traditional networked control schemes where the nodes simply route information to and from a centralized controller, our approach treats the wireless network itself as the controller. The key idea is that each node updates its internal state to be a linear combination of the states of the nodes in its neighborhood. We show that this causes the entire network to behave as a linear dynamical system, with sparsity constraints imposed by the network topology. We provide a synthesis procedure to program the network controller and present a scheme that can handle node failures while preserving stability. We also consider the design of an intrusion detection system (IDS), which observes the transmissions of certain nodes in the network and uses that information to recover the plant outputs (for diagnostic purposes) and identify malicious behavior by any of the wireless nodes in the network.
Ultrastructure of Cellular Congenital Mesoblastic Nephroma

A detailed ultrastructural description of the cellular variant of congenital mesoblastic nephroma (CMN) is presented and compared to the classical form. Studied were 9 cases of the cellular variant, 6 mixed (cellular/classical) tumors, and 1 classical CMN. The occurrence of a broad selection of ultrastructural features was assessed using a semiquantitative scoring system. The results indicate that cellular CMNs are composed mainly of primitive mesenchymal cells, but also usually contain varying numbers of differentiating fibroblasts and myofibroblasts. This entity thus bears a closer resemblance at the ultrastructural level of organization to infantile fibrosarcoma than to conventional fibrosarcoma. Electron microscopy can be useful in distinguishing this relatively benign entity from the several malignancies with which it is sometimes confused.
Subsurface behaviours facilitate respiration by a physical gill in an adult giant water bug, Abedus herberti

Abedus herberti is an aquatic bug that carries a subalar store of atmospheric air for use during submersion. When submersed, adult bugs routinely show two patterns of behaviour we call gaping and dynamic gaping. We studied these behaviours to determine when they are expressed and tested the hypothesis that the behaviours serve a respiratory function. Gaping and dynamic gaping occurred when bugs were positioned sufficiently deep in water that they could not refresh air stores without releasing their hold on the substrate and floating to the surface. Gaping and dynamic gaping occurred more frequently as water depth increased, and bugs performing these behaviours remained submersed longer than bugs that did not express these behaviours. Bugs permitted to express gaping and dynamic gaping remain submersed longer than bugs that were experimentally prevented from performing the behaviours. Bugs also remained submersed longer in high oxygen water than in low oxygen water. We conclude that gaping allows the subalar air store to function as a physical gill and that dynamic gaping is a form of behavioural ventilation. Adult A. herberti are buoyant and must swim or hold onto a substrate to remain submersed. Extending submersion time increases predatory efficiency, reduces the frequency of surfacing, saves energy and reduces predation risk.
Omitting types in -minimal theories

Let L be a first order language containing a binary relation symbol <.Definition. Suppose ℳ is an L-structure and < is a total ordering of the domain of ℳ. ℳ is ordered minimal (-minimal) if and only if any parametrically definable X ⊆ ℳ can be represented as a finite union of points and intervals with endpoints in ℳ.In any ordered structure every finite union of points and intervals is definable. Thus the -minimal structures are the ones with no unnecessary definable sets. If T is a complete L-theory we say that T is strongly (-minimal if and only if every model of T is -minimal.The theory of real closed fields is the canonical example of a strongly -minimal theory. Strongly -minimal theories were introduced (in a less general guise which we discuss in §6) by van den Dries in [1]. Extending van den Dries' work, Pillay and Steinhorn (see [3], [4] and [2]) developed an extensive structure theory for definable sets in strongly -minimal theories, generalizing the results for real closed fields. They also established several striking analogies between strongly -minimal theories and ω-stable theories (most notably the existence and uniqueness of prime models). In this paper we will examine the construction of models of strongly -minimal theories emphasizing the problems involved in realizing and omitting types. Among other things we will prove that the Hanf number for omitting types for a strongly -minimal theory T is at most (2∣T∣)+, and characterize the strongly -minimal theories with models order isomorphic to (R, <).
Application of Badger's Rule to Heme and Non-Heme Iron−Oxygen Bonds: An Examination of Ferryl Protonation States

To gain insight into the protonation state of enzymatic ferryl species we have examined the applicability of Badger's rule to heme and non-heme iron−oxygen bonds. Using density functional theory we have calculated re and νe for the Fe−O bonds of complexes with different axial ligands, iron-oxidation, oxygen-protonation, and spin states. Our results indicate that Badger's rule holds for heme and non-heme oxo and hydroxo complexes. We find that the long Fe−O bonds that have been reported in the crystal structures of the ferryl forms of myoglobin, horseradish peroxidase, cytochrome c peroxidase, and catalase deviate substantially from the values predicted by Badger's rule, while the short Fe−O bonds obtained from X-ray absorption measurements are in good agreement with Badger's rule. In light of our analysis we conclude that the ferryl forms of myoglobin, horseradish peroxidase, and cytochrome c peroxidase are authentic iron(IV)oxos with Fe−O bonds on the order of 1.66 A and pKa's < 4.
The inhibitory effect of polysaccharide on mumps virus multiplication.

Polysaccharides derived from type-specific Friedlander bacilli cause inhibition of the multiplication of mumps virus in the allantoic sac of the chick embryo. As little as 5 µg. of polysaccharide is effective as an inhibitor. Inhibition of multiplication is obtained when polysaccharide is injected as long as 4 days after inoculation of virus. Chemical studies have shown that the structural configurations of the polysaccharide responsible for specific serological activity are not identical with those which determine the inhibitory effect relative to mumps virus. The possible mechanisms of the inhibition of viral multiplication by means of polysaccharides are discussed.
Slip-based experimental studies of a vehicle interacting with natural snowy terrain

Abstract As longitudinal slip affects vehicle–pavement interactions on roads and hard surfaces, so too does it play an important role in interactions between vehicles and soft terrains, including snow. Although many slip-based models have been developed recently for tire–snow interactions (e.g., [1] and references cited therein), these models have only been partially validated, due to a lack of relevant experimental data. This paper presents comprehensive data from tests that were performed using a newly-developed test vehicle traversing natural snowy terrain, over a wide range of values for longitudinal slip, vertical load and torque via an effective accelerate/brake maneuver. Drawbar pull, motion resistance, wheel states and tire stiffness were presented as a function of slip; tire sinkage was obtained using a laser profilometer; strength and depth of snow were found using a snow micropenetrometer. The effects of the rear tire going over snow compacted by the front tire were also studied. The maximum traction force normalized by the vertical load is found to be ≈0.47, maximum motion resistance normalized by the vertical load is ≈0.4. Comparison of the trend and order-of-magnitude of test results with those from existing slip-based numerical model [1] shows good comparison in motion resistance, tire sinkage, and longitudinal stiffness, but indicates that a better traction model is needed to improve the comparison.
Impact of the wave number estimation in Underground Focusing SAR images

This work studies the impact estimating soil wave number in Underground Focusing SAR imaging for tunnel detection applications. It is demonstrated that poor underground imaging results when wave refraction at the ground surface is neglected, but that incorporating refraction with sufficiently high estimates of soil dielectric constant produce clear target images. Using a wrong wave number for the soil incorrectly predicts the tunnel's depth, but gives positive identification of its transverse and extent.