cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Practical Applications for Using Peer Assessment in Physical Education Teacher Education Field Experiences.

Peer assessment (PA) occurs in many higher education programs. However, there is limited research examining PA in physical education teacher education (PETE) in regards to student teaching experiences. PA may be a method to better prepare PETE students to assess their future students. The field experience students assessed their fellow peers on management of student behaviors, class procedures, feedback given to students they were instructing and instructional time. The purpose of this article is to provide practical applications and guidelines for structuring peer assessment within field experiences such as context, objectives, training, selection and matching of participants. This peer assessment took place with PETE students completing their first field teaching experience. These applications and other literature regarding structure of peer assessments can assist with constructing the program to fit the needs of any school.
The stepping test: a step back in history

The stepping test is a valuable part of the neurological examination that is used to localize labyrinthine pathology. The test is known by two eponyms: the "Fukuda Test" in the United States and Asia and the "Unterberger Test" in Europe. Some controversy exists as to which name is correct. Siegfried Unterberger was an Austrian otolaryngologist who initially described the test in 1939. It was modified in 1959 by Tadashi Fukuda, a Japanese otolaryngologist, who introduced a method to better quantify the test results. Thus, the test should be called the "Unterberger Test," unless Fukuda's methods for measurement are used.
Underlap DGMOS for digital-subthreshold operation

Digital circuits operated in the subthreshold region (supply voltage less than the transistor threshold voltage) is suitable for applications requiring ultralow-power and medium frequency of operation. It is also shown that by optimizing the device structure for subthreshold operation, power dissipation can further be reduced. The impact of gate underlap on the effective gate capacitance of double-gate MOS (DGMOS) transistor for digital-subthreshold operation is analyzed in this paper. It shows that with optimum gate underlap, the parasitic fringe capacitances of DGMOS can be significantly reduced resulting in higher performance and lower power consumption. Results on a ring oscillator show that with optimum underlap, 40% improvement in delay can be achieved with 7.3 /spl times/ reduction in power delay product and a 1-bit full-adder circuit can be operated at 1.25 GHz (V/sub dd/=0.2 V) with 6.2 /spl times/ less power than the one with standard (overlap) DGMOS device.
5-Hydroxytryptamine receptors.

5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptors consist of at least three distinct types of molecular structures (Table 1): guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein)-coupled receptors, ligand-gated ion channels, and transporters. Prior to the introduction of molecular biological techniques, the classification of 5-HT receptors was based predominantly on the pharmacological properties of the receptors. For example, “5-HT1” receptors were defined as membrane binding sites that displayed nanomolar affinity for [3H]5-HT (Peroutka and Snyder, 1979). Subsequently, Bradley et al. (1986) defined “5-HT1-like” receptors by their susceptibility to antagonism by methiothepin and/or methysergide, resistance to antagonism by 5-HT2 antagonists, and potent agonism by 5-carboxamidotryptamine (5-CT). Thus, these classification systems are dependent upon the availability of selective pharmacological agents.
Surgical Management of Postinfarction Ventricular Septal Rupture

Recognition and treatment of patients with ventricular septal rupture following infarction have improved over the past 25 years to the extent that survival with good long-term palliation is achieved in the majority of patients treated surgically for this catastrophic complication of acute myocardial infarction. The small minority of patients who, by the process of selection, are seen for surgical correction of septal rupture several weeks after infarction routinely have repair of the septal defect with an operative risk of less than 10%. With increasingly early diagnosis of septal rupture, the majority of patients are seen for consideration of surgical repair often within hours after septal rupture. Most such patients seen early after septal rupture exhibit cardiogenic shock. Refinement of operative techniques both for suture repair of freshly infarcted myocardium and for repair of defects in different anatomical locations has markedly improved survival in these critically ill patients. Deferral of operation for the patient in cardiogenic shock after septal rupture represents a failed therapeutic strategy. Conversely, emergency operation for the patient with septal rupture and cardiogenic shock has markedly improved survival in this high-risk group. Prolonged intraaortic balloon pump support and deferred operation should be reserved for the uncommon patient who, because of delayed diagnosis or referral, is seen in an advanced stage of multisystem failure in which the risks of early operative intervention involve the function of organs other than the heart.
Quasilinear Riccati Type Equations with Super-Critical Exponents

We establish explicit criteria of solvability for the quasilinear Riccati type equation − Δ p u = |∇u| q + ω in a bounded &#x1d49e;1 domain Ω ⊂ ℝ n , n ≥ 2. Here Δ p , p > 1, is the p-Laplacian, q is in the supper critical range q > p, and the datum ω is a measure. Our existence criteria are given in the form of potential theoretic or geometric estimates that are sharp when ω is nonnegative and compactly supported in Ω. Our existence results are new even in the case dω =f dx where f belongs to the weak Lebesgue space . Moreover, our methods allow the treatment of more general equations where the principal operators may have discontinuous coefficients. As a consequence of the solvability results, a characterization of removable singularities for the corresponding homogeneous equation is also obtained.
Comment on Zhang et Al. Second-line agents for glycemic control for type 2 diabetes: are newer agents better? Diabetes Care 2014;37:1338-1345.

We read with great interest the article by Zhang et al. (1) in which they compared in a model four second-line treatment strategies following metformin monotherapy: sulfonylurea, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, GLP-1 agonist, and insulin. They concluded that all strategies produced similar glycemic benefits, but favored sulfonylurea from a treatment cost perspective. Diabetes models are used to simulate outcomes that cannot be directly observed during clinical trials. The results are often used by payers to inform formulary decisions and, as such, diabetes models play an increasingly important role on the availability of therapeutic options to both patients and prescribers. …
Experimental realization of a quantum quincunx by use of linear optical elements

We report the experimental realization of a quantum analog of the classical Galton quincunx and discuss its possible use as a device for quantum computation. Our quantum quincunx is implemented with linear optical elements that allow an incoming photon to interfere with itself while traversing all possible paths from the source to the detector. We show that the experimentally determined intensity distributions are in excellent agreement with theory.
Private Interests, Public Policy, and American Agriculture

Agriculture is at a critical juncture. The Food Security Act of 1985, which was intended to reduce surpluses by making American farm products more competitive in world markets, has not yet succeeded. Food imports have outstripped food exports. Huge grain surpluses continue to pile up. Because many farmers and economists fault federal agricultural policies for the current predicament, this book examines how recent policies, like the 1985 law, have been made and focuses on the key role that private interests play in the policy process. Not only does Browne give us the first comprehensive study of all of the organized interests at work in agricultural policymaking, but he also makes an important contribution to understanding the interaction of organized interests in the American political process. His book should appeal to a wide audience composed of those interested in agriculture, policy process, and interest group behavior. In the early 1980s, 128 separate organizations employed Washington-based lobbyists who regularly worked to influence agricultural policies. Many other organizations periodically lobbied in agriculture. The general farm organizations have been joined by commodity organizations, trade associations, corporate spokesmen, farm activists, industry lobbyists, consumer groups, environmentalists, and advocates of a variety of food-related programs. Long gone are the days when the farm bloc preordained policy outcomes and when students of American politics looked upon agriculture as a classic example of the "iron triangle" or self-governing subsystem of interest groups, bureaucrats, and legislators. Now the policymaking process is fragmented by the clamor from competing organized interest groups, and the policy makers responded by fashioning piecemeal policy with no seeming thought to unity of purpose. In an attempt to throw light on what actually happens in Washington, Browne explains what groups and interests are active in agricultural policymaking, what strategy and tactics they employ, and why some have more influence than others. One of Browne's conclusions is that a surprising number of agricultural issues are uninfluenced by the interest groups because they ignore them. For nearly a decade William P. Browne has studied the major farm organizations, congressional hearings and records related to agricultural issues, and the American Agricultural Movement. But perhaps his richest source of information has been extensive interviews with lobbyists, executives, and grassroots activists during and just after the 1985 farm bill debates. In the course of his research, Browne sought to learn how interest groups behave in deciding their policy priorities and how this behavior actually relates to influence over the desired policy outcomes.
The Roles of Attitudinal and Personality Variables in the Prediction of Environmental Behavior and Knowledge.

The success of environmental policies and action programs may well depend upon an understanding of the impact of intraindividual variables on responses to environmental problems. A survey designed ...
Microstructural modification of as-cast NiAl bronze by friction stir processing

The application of friction stir processing (FSP) to a cast NiAl bronze (NAB) material is presented as a means for selective modification of the near-surface layers by converting as-cast microstructures to a wrought condition in the absence of macroscopic shape change. This may enable selective surface hardening of cast components. The complex physical metallurgy of the NAB is reviewed, and microstructure changes associated with FSP for a selected set of processing parameters are examined by optical microscopy (OM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) methods. Direct temperature measurement in the stir zone is infeasible and, so, these microstructure changes are used to estimate peak temperatures in the stir zone. The persistence of a Fe3Al phase (κii) indicates that peak temperatures are below the solvus for this phase, while the presence of transformation products of the β phase, including fine Widmanstatten α, bainite, and martensite, indicates that peak temperatures exceed the eutectoid temperature for the reaction β → α+κiii throughout the stir zone.
Finite element analysis of diffuse illumination systems

Use of the MSC/NASTRAN finite element thermal radiation model to analyze illumination systems containing Lambertian diffusers and sources is described. The results of an analysis of a typical system are shown to agree with measurements. The standard deviation of the differences between prediction and measurement was <2%.
Biochemical and autoradiographic studies of TRH receptors in sections of rabbit spinal cord.

Abstract Receptors for thyrotropin-releasing hormone (pGlu-His-Pro-NH 2 , TRH) on thaw-mounted sections of rabbit spinal cord have been identified biochemically and visualized by light microscopic autoradiography. Binding of [ 3 H][3-Me-His 2 ]TRH to 20 μm sections exhibited high apparent affinity and a pharmacological specificity almost identical to that previously demonstrated for spinal TRH receptors in membranes. In autoradiograms, the highest density of TRH receptors appeared in the substantia gelatinosa of the dorsal gray and around the central canal, with intermediate levels in the ventral gray.
Rho meson spectral function in dense matter

Abstract The spectral function of a rho meson at rest in dense hadronic matter is studied in the vector dominance model by including both the effects of the delta-hole polarization on pion and the scaling in-medium hadron masses of Brown and Rho. It is found that as the nuclear density increases the rho meson peak moves to smaller invariant masses with diminishing strength. Also, a low mass peak around three times the pion mass appears and shifts down with increasing density. The change of the rho meson property in dense matter can be investigated via the dilepton invariant mass spectrum from heavy-ion collisions.
A new method for the evaluation of benzodiazepines based on their ability to block muscimol-induced myoclonic jerks in mice.

A number of clinically used benzodiazepines were tested for their effectiveness in blocking muscimol-induced myoclonic jerks in mice. Their ED50 values were determined from their dose-response curves. These data gave the following relative potencies with respect to diazepam: diazepam=1, medazepam=0.24, oxazepam=1.27, flurazepam=1.90, lorazepam=3.01, nitrazepam=3.93, clonazepam=33.14, and flunitrazepam=116.00. Because our earlier studies indicated that muscimol-induced myoclonic jerks probably originate from the spinal cord, the present method may prove to be suitable for quantitatively evaluating the effect of benzodiazepines on the spinal cord. The present results also indicate the possible value of flunitrazepam in the management of neurologic disorders in which preferential action on the spinal cord is desired.
Terminal sialic acid residues on human glycophorin A are recognized by porcine kupffer cells.

Background. We have previously shown that recognition of human erythrocytes by porcine Kupffer cells is mediated by a carbohydrate-dependent mechanism. The present study explores the possible ligands existing on human glycophorin A and tests their ability to inhibit erythrocyte rosette formation. Methods. Human erythrocytes were tested for ABO and MN specificity and used as targets in a 51Chromium quantitative erythrocyte rosette assay. Monosaccharides present on human glycophorin A, neuraminyl lactoses, bovine and porcine submaxillary mucins (BSM and PSM), and hyaluronic acid as well as proteoglycan N-linked glycosidase F(PNGaseF)- and sialidase A-treated human erythrocyte glycoproteins (hEGP) and human erythrocytes were all tested for inhibitory potential in the rosetting assay. Results. Porcine Kupffer-cell recognition of human erythrocytes was insensitive to differences in blood groups A, B, O, or MN. At 30 mM, the monosaccharide, N-acetylneuraminic acid, and the trisaccharide mixture, neuraminyl lactoses, disrupted human erythrocyte recognition by 25% and 30%, respectively. A dilution of BSM but not PSM inhibited the rosetting assay by 17% (.2 mg/mL), 33% (1 mg/mL), and 53% (2 mg/mL). The same dilution of hyaluronic acid had no effect on rosetting. Removal of N-linked oligosaccharides from hEGP with PNGaseF did not impair its ability to inhibit the rosetting assay. In contrast, removal of sialic acid completely abrogated its inhibitory ability. Treatment of whole human erythrocytes with sialidase A likewise prevented recognition by porcine Kupffer cells. Conclusions. Terminal sialic acid on human erythrocytes is a target recognized by porcine Kupffer cells, suggesting a role for a sialic-acid receptor in innate cellular recognition of xenogeneic epitopes. Inasmuch as this work reveals a carbohydrate-recognition mechanism for cellular rejection, we shed light on a potential new boundary that will need to be overcome within xenotransplantation.
Chromosomal localization of the human histone H2A.X gene to 11q23.2-q23.3 by fluorescence in situ hybridization

The human histone H2A.X gene is unusual in that its transcripts are alternatively processed to yield two species, one a 0.6-kb replication-linked histone mRNA and the other a 1.6-kb polyadenylated mRNA. The H2A.X gene has been localized by fluorescence in situ hybridization to chromosome 11q23.2-q23.3, away from the known clusters of human histone genes on chromosomes 1, 6, and 12. Assignment to chromosome 11 was substantiated by analysis of human-hamster somatic cell hybrid lines. As this work was being completed, an 89-bps sequence overlap was found between the downstream regions of the H2A.X gene and the recently sequenced hydroxymethylbilane (HMB)-synthase gene. The H2A.X and HMB-synthase genes have an unusual arrangement, being transcribed towards each other with their polyadenylation sites 330 bp apart. In addition the HMB-synthase gene contains constitutive and erythroid specific promoters. K562, an erythroid cell line, was found to contain a high concentration of the 1.6-kb polyadenylated H2A.X mRNA.
A Stochastic Model of Oxidation Mechanism on High Temperature Corrosion of Stainless Steel

To interpret the role of diffusion and reaction process, a cellular automaton model, which combines the surface growth and internal oxidation, was developed to explain the oxidation mechanism of stainless steels in high temperature corrosive liquid metal environment. In this model, three main processes, which include the corrosion of the substrate, the diffusion of iron species across the oxide layer and precipitation of iron on the oxide layer, are simulated. The diffusion process is simulated by random walk model. Mapping between present model and Wagner theory has been created. The gross features concerning the evolution of the involved process were founded.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
History of the Newburgh-Kingston caries-fluorine study.

Dental caries is a disease of such magni­ tude that practically the entire popula­ tion of our country suffers from it. Since it starts early in life and is a progressive type of disease, its accumulated ill effects present a problem beyond the capabilities of our present dental personnel and fa­ cilities. This is true despite the fact that the United States has the best-trained dentists in the world and the ratio of den­ tist to population is better than anywhere else. In 1942 it was reported that among 2,000,000 men examined for selective service almost 10 per cent were rejected because they did not have 12 sound teeth in proper position out of a possible com­ plement of 32 teeth.1 The health officer concerned with the health status of the people in his region cannot overlook the fact that dental caries is an important public health prob­ lem. He must constantly be alert to ad­ vances being made in the field of public health. When a new technic to prevent the occurrence or progression of disease is reported, it is his responsibility to evaluate its reliability, validity, safety, effectiveness and acceptability. It is against this background that the use of ingested water fluorides as a public health measure to combat dental caries is con­ sidered. A series of successive observations in­ cluding ( 1) the characteristics of a dental enamel defect,2 (2) the direct relation of ingested water fluorides to this defect3 and (3) the inverse relationship of den­ tal caries to enamel fluorosis4,5 inevitably led to the caries-fluorine hypothesis. This hypothesis states that dental caries is present in inverse relationship to the fluoride contcnt of the potable water con­ sumed. Black and McKay,2 in their early investigations of what was known in 1908 as “Colorado brown stain,” did not have the remotest idea that their search for the cause of this stain would ultimately lead to the control of dental caries. McKay made the following observation at the start of the Newburgh-Kingston study:
A sketch recognition interface that recognizes hundreds of shapes in course-of-action diagrams

Sketch recognition is the automated recognition of hand drawn diagrams. Military course-of-action (COA) diagrams are used to depict battle scenarios. The domain of military course of action diagrams is particularly interesting because it includes tens of thousands of different geometric shapes, complete with many additional textual and designator modifiers. Existing sketch recognition systems recognize on the order of at most 20 different shapes. Our sketch recognition interface recognizes 485 different freely drawn military course-of-action diagram symbols in real time, with each shape containing its own elaborate set of text labels and other variations. We are able to do this by combining multiple recognition techniques in a single system. When the variations (not allowable by other systems) are factored in, our system is several orders of magnitude larger than the next biggest system. On 5,900 hand-drawn symbols drawn by 8 researchers, the system achieves an accuracy of 90% when considering the top 3 interpretations and requiring every aspect of the shape (variations, text, symbol, location, orientation) to be correct.
Effect of specimen size and grain size on deformation in microextrusion

Abstract Miniaturization of systems and devices continues unabated, which in turn requires the production of microscale components. Similar to the macroscale process, microextrusion provides a means to fabricate metallic micropins having characteristic dimensions on the order of 1 mm or less with a lower-cost, high-throughput process. In this paper, the effect of the specimen size and grain size on deformation during microextrusion is investigated. Microhardness, microstructure, and X-ray texture analyses show that when the grain size becomes comparable to the specimen feature size, together with miniaturization, penetration of the shear deformation occurs. As a result, the coarse-grained structure has higher hardness than the fine-grained structure, especially in the central regions of the cross-section for the two smallest size extrusion cases investigated, which have O0.76/0.57 mm and O1.5/1.0 mm dimensions before and after extrusion, respectively. For the largest size extrusion case investigated, O2.0/1.33 mm pins, the coarse-grained structure has a lower hardness than the fine-grained one, which is typical for macroscale processes and consistent with the Hall–Petch relationship.
"Buying Our Boys Back": The Mass Foundations of Fiscal Citizenship in World War II

Just after 8:00 in the morning on Tuesday, September 21, 1943, the singer and radio star Kate Smith addressed her national audience with a personal story that set the tone for the marathon bond drive she would conduct over the next eighteen hours. In her usual self-effacing manner, she began by recounting the words of a man whose speech at a recent bond rally in Utica, New York, held special meaning for her audience:You know, friends, when we buy War Bonds, we're not buying tanks and guns and shells and planes. What we're really doing is buying our boys back … bringing them home to us, safe and sound once again. Now I know there isn't a person listening to me who wouldn't give everything he has to buy his boy back. … I'd give anything … all my money, or my health, or my own life … to buy my boy back from the War. But I'm afraid I can't do that now. You see, I got a telegram from Washington this morning. My boy isn't coming back.
Data quality issues in visualization

Recent efforts in visualization have concentrated on high volume data sets from numerical simulations and medical imaging. There is another large class of data, characterized by their spatial sparsity with noisy and possibly missing data points, that also need to be visualized. Two places where these type of data sets can be found are in oceanographic and atmospheric science studies. In such cases, it is not uncommon to have on the order on one percent of sampled data available within a space volume. Techniques that attempt to deal with the problem of filling in the holes range in complexity from simple linear interpolation to more sophisticated multiquadric and optimal interpolation techniques. These techniques will generally produce results that do not fully agree with each other. To avoid misleading the users, it is important to highlight these differences and make sure the users are aware of the idiosyncrasies of the different methods. This paper compares some of these interpolation techniques on sparse data sets and also discusses how other parameters such as confidence levels and drop-off rates may be incorporated into the visual display.
Selenium in aquatic biota inhabiting agricultural drains in the Salton Sea Basin, California

Resource managers are concerned that water conservation practices in irrigated farmlands along the southern border of the Salton Sea, Imperial County, California, could increase selenium concentrations in agricultural drainwater and harm the desert pupfish (Cyprinodon macularius), a federally protected endangered species. As part of a broader attempt to address this concern, we conducted a 3-year investigation to collect baseline information on selenium concentrations in seven agricultural drains inhabited by pupfish. We collected water, sediment, selected aquatic food-chain taxa (particulate organic detritus, filamentous algae, net plankton, and midge [Chironomidae] larvae), and two poeciliid fishes (western mosquitofish Gambusia affinis and sailfin molly Poecilia latipinna) for selenium determinations. The two fish species served as ecological surrogates for pupfish, which we were not permitted to sacrifice. Dissolved selenium ranged from 0.70 to 32.8 μg/L, with selenate as the major constituent. Total selenium concentrations in other environmental matrices varied widely among drains, with one drain (Trifolium 18) exhibiting especially high concentrations in detritus, 5.98–58.0 μg Se/g; midge larvae, 12.7–50.6 μg Se/g; mosquitofish, 13.2–20.2 μg Se/g; and mollies, 12.8–30.4 μg Se/g (all tissue concentrations are based on dry weights). Although toxic thresholds for selenium in fishes from the Salton Sea are still poorly understood, available evidence suggests that ambient concentrations of this element may not be sufficiently elevated to adversely affect reproductive success and survival in selenium-tolerant poeciliids and pupfish.
Part IV. Systematics of separation and decay energies

Figures are presented showing the separation energies of two neutrons as functions of N, of two protons as functions of Z, of alpha-decay energies as functions of N, and of beta-decay energies (odd-mass nuclides) as functions of A. The ranges covered are 9
Disordering and the progress of hydration at the surface of diopside: A cross-polarisation MAS-NMR study

Samples of synthetic crystalline diopside were prepared with different volumes of surface phase by varying the time of grinding of each sample, and then investigated using 29Si MAS-NMR. Hydration of the surface, which begins during grinding in laboratory air, allows the surface phase to be detected using 1H-29Si CP MAS-NMR. The surface phase appears to be structurally similar to diopside glass. Several hours of reaction with aqueous solution promotes the formation of Q2-(OH)2, which is indicated by the appearance of a peak in the CP-MAS spectrum at -93 ppm. The progress of hydration appears to be relatively independent of the pH of the aqueous solution.
CD32A (FcγRIIa) mRNA expression and regulation in blood monocytes and cell lines

The cell surface expression of the CD32 receptors for the Fc portion of immunoglobulin G (Fc gamma RII) is highly regulated by agents such as phorbol ester (PMA) and cytokines. In this study we investigated the regulatory effects of PMA, aggregated IgG (AIgG) and KuFc79 anti-CD32 monoclonal antibodies (mAb) on the expression of the CD32A isomer mRNA. When U937 (CD32+ cells) are incubated with PMA a significant enhancement of the CD32A isomer mRNA is observed. The CD32A mRNA is also markedly enhanced when the CD32+ K562 cells are incubated with AIgG and anti-CD32 mAb but not with control MOPC-195 mAb. The addition of actinomycin D (ActD), a transcriptional inhibitor together with PMA, AIgG or KuFc79 mAb diminishes the enhanced levels of CD32A mRNA to the basal, constitutively expressed levels, implicating transcriptional regulation in this modulatory process. The PMA induced mRNA is rapidly degraded while the constitutively expressed CD32A mRNA is not, suggesting differential regulation of the stimulated vs the unstimulated CD32A mRNA. Inhibition of protein synthesis does not significantly affect the upregulation of CD32 mRNA by PMA, AIgG or KuFc79 in U937 and K562 cells. The upregulation of CD32A mRNA observed in the cell lines U937 and K562 is also detected when normal blood monocytes are used. Similarly to the cell lines the enhancement of CD32A mRNA in monocytes is blocked by ActD.
Use of a cDNA clone to identify a supposed precursor protein containing valosin

Valosin, a novel 25-amino-acid peptide isolated recently from pig intestine, has several effects on the digestive system of dogs. We report here that the valosin-specific complementary DNA clone from pigs codes for a polypeptide unlike most precursors of biologically active peptides. The predicted protein lacks a characteristic amino-terminal hydrophobic signal sequence and contains no processing signals of the type acted upon by endopeptidases to generate other active peptides from precursors. Antibodies to synthetic valosin have been used to show that nearly all valosin immunoreactivity is in the cytoplasm and that the protein detected (valosin-containing protein, VCP), although smaller than the predicted product of the cDNA sequence, is much larger than valosin. Valosin-specific messenger RNA is found in extracts from many pig tissues, which contrasts with the restricted occurrence expected of a biologically active peptide. We conclude that valosin is an artefact of the purification procedure and does not occur in vivo.
Post-industrial discourses

The initial determinist assessments of the computerization of society projected either optimistic scenarios of social salvation or nightmares of impending dystopia. The optimists argued that computerization, by automating production and improving communication, would make possible a more democratic industrial system freed of routine and painful work. The pessimists argued, on the contrary, that the computer would bring universal surveillance and control, not to mention technological unemployment.1
Song repertoire size and female preferences in song sparrows

Captive female song sparrows (Melospiza melodia), after treatment with estradiol, perform copulation solicitation displays when presented with songs of conspecific males. Females respond more strongly to eight song types than to four, and to sixteen song types than to eight. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that female song sparrows prefer large repertoires, rather than preferring normal or natural repertoire sizes (5 to 13 song types). The results with captive females might be taken to imply that females in the field prefer as mates those males with the largest repertoire sizes. This hypothesis was tested by observing pairing in a field population. In each of 2 years, there was no significant correlation between male repertoire size and date of initial pair formation. Furthermore, there was no correlation between repertoire size and the speed with which a second mate was acquired after removal of the first. It is concluded that repertoire size does not have an important influence on female choice of mates in song sparrows.
The Duality of a Dynamic Model of Equilibrium and an Optimal Growth Model: The Heterogeneous Capital Goods Case

The equivalence between optimal growth solutions and solutions of decentralized models of intertemporal allocation is explored in a one-consumer, heterogeneous capital goods framework. The decentralized economy follows a perfect foresight path. The main result is that the decentralized economy will impose on itself a transversality condition. This yields the interpretation of equilibrium prices as prices consistent with a certainty version of the efficient markets hypothesis. The results rest on the recent contribution by Benveniste and Scheinkman providing sufficient conditions for infinite horizon concave programs to exhibit capital value transversality as a necessary condition for optimality.
Drug metabolizing enzyme induction by simple diaryl pyridines; 2-substituted isomers selectively increase only conjugation enzyme activities, 4-substituted isomers also induce cytochrome P450.

Abstract Pyridine derivatives bearing aryl containing substitutions at the 2- and 4-position were administered to male rats, daily, for 3 days at 75 mg/kg. All five 2-substituted pyridines investigated increased rat hepatic UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activities toward three aglycones (morphine, p -nitrophenol, and 1-naphthol) without inducing cytochrome P450. Two of the 4-substituted pyridines investigated (4,4′-dipyridyl, 4-benzylpyridine) significantly induced cytochrome P450. UDP-glucuronosyl-transferase activity by the 4-substituted pyridines was increased to a much lesser extent than seen for the equivalent 2-isomers. The two 4-substituted pyridines eliciting induction of cytochrome P450 were also the only 4-isomers which increased cytosolic glutathione- S -transferase activity, but three 2-substituted pyridines (2-benzoylpyridine, 2-benzylpyridine, and trans -1,2-bis(2-pyridyl)ethylene) increased this activity in the absence of cytochrome P450 induction. No compound investigated induced cytosolic sulfotransferase activity. Diaryl compounds lacking a heterocyclic ring did not increase any of the investigated drug metabolizing enzyme activities. For simple diarylpyridines, the position of substitution on the pyridine ring rather than the nature of the substituent appears to be a major determinant for selective induction of UDP-glucuronosyltransferases without concurrent increases in cytochrome P450. The 2-substituted pyridines were consistently selective inducers of only Phase II or conjugation enzymes. The 4-substituted pyridines included derivatives that could selectively induce Phase II and nonselectively induce both Phase I and Phase II and one derivative that induced neither.
Surface membrane glycoproteins of cultured human pancreatic cancer cells

The cell-surface glycoproteins and proteins of four human pancreatic cell lines (MIA PaCa-2, PANC-1, HS766T, and CAPAN-1) were separately tritiated using galactose oxidase/NaB(3H)4 and iodinated using lactoperoxidase/125I. Gel electrophoresis showed that the cell lines had very different surface components. All four cell lines were tested for cell-surface antigens that cross-reacted with antisera raised against carcinoembryonic antigen and against the membrane fractions of MIA Pa Ca-2 and CAPAN-1 cells. CAPAN-1 cells reacted most strongly with all three antisera. Seventeen cell-surface proteins can be detected when CAPAN-1 cells are labeled using lactoperoxidase. The labeled membranes were solubilized in detergent and subjected to affinity chromatography on Sepharose-conjugated lectins. The bound proteins were eluted and analyzed on gel electrophoresis . All 17 proteins capable of being labeled by lactoperoxidase bound to at least one lectin column, indicating they are all glycoproteins.
(E)-3-(9-Ethyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)-1-(2-meth-oxy-phen-yl)prop-2-en-1-one.

In the title mol­ecule, C24H21NO2, the dihedral angle between the carbazole ring system [with a maximum deviation of 0.052 (2) A] and the benzene ring is 38.6 (1)°. In the crystal, weak bifurcated (C—H)2⋯O hydrogen bonds link the mol­ecules into chains along [100].
Bubble break-off in Hele–Shaw flows—singularities and integrable structures

Abstract Bubbles of inviscid fluid surrounded by a viscous fluid in a Hele–Shaw cell can merge and break off. During the process of break-off, a thinning neck pinches off to a universal self-similar singularity. We describe this process and reveal its integrable structure: it is a solution of the dispersionless limit of the AKNS hierarchy. The singular break-off patterns are universal, not sensitive to details of the process and can be seen experimentally. We briefly discuss the dispersive regularization of the Hele–Shaw problem and the emergence of the Painleve II equation at the break-off.
pbCAM: Probabilistically-banked Content Addressable Memory

Content Addressable Memories find wide use in network routers and certain image processing applications. However, their use is limited due to their high power demand resulting from their high activity factor. A banked CAM, on the other hand, partitions the entire CAM into smaller banks to cut down on excessive searches, while it may reduce the effective CAM size when the data entries are unevenly distributed. A new banked CAM design is introduced in this paper which achieves significant energy and power savings through the use of Bloom Filters by effectively decoupling data elements from their bank index. Simulation results show energy savings of nearly an order of magnitude.
Complex case: a biofeedback intervention to control impulsiveness in a severely personality disordered forensic patient by Rick Howard, Klaus Schellhorn and John Lumsden.

With this case report of successful biofeedback treatment for a severely disordered and treatmentrefractory forensic patient, the authors contribute to arguments for consideration of the inclusion of biofeedback for a group of extremely challenging patients. The term ‘complex patient’ barely captures the patient MN, whose psychopathology cuts across diagnostic borders and includes a mixed personality disorder with borderline, antisocial and histrionic features, paedophilia, attentional difficulties that may meet criteria for Attention Deficit Disorder/ Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, borderline intellectual functioning and an unspecified mood disorder. Prior to his transfer from a prison to a forensic hospital, the unremitting severity of his sexual deviance led to placement on a testosteronelowering agent, and his level of mood instability resulted in treatment with carbamazepine. Strengths of this case report include the extensive initial psychometric and psychological evaluation of the patient and the documentation of significant post-treatment improvement in biobehavioral (Flanker test) and electrophysiological (Go/No Go contingent negative variation) measures, as well as patient self-report of decreased impulsivity and improvement in attention/cognition at the study endpoint and at 3months of follow-up. This paper is a welcome addition to the literature on therapeutic interventions in severely personality disordered patients from several perspectives. Much of this patient’s history and behavioural presentation are characteristics of antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) and accompanying paedophilia, areas of psychopathology much neglected in psychiatric literature, with diagnoses for which therapeutic pessimism bordering on nihilism has led in the US to relegation of these patients to the criminal justice system. Patients with ASPD have significant deficits in mentalization, attachment and impulse control (Leichsenring et al., 2003), ego weaknesses that make them poor candidates for many psychotherapies and that render these patients destructive to a hospital-based therapeutic milieu. Indeed, MN had shown poor motivation and compliance with routine psychotherapies in the past. An advantage for forensic-type patients of neurofeedback treatments is that they work at basic neurophysiologic levels and focus on brain functioning rather than psychopathology; consequently these procedures largely bypass the need
An extended rism equation for molecular polar fluids

Abstract The RISM integral equation is extended to molecules with charged sites via a renormalization of the Coulomb potentials and the introduction of appropriate closure relations. For a fluid of diatomics with atomic charges of ±0.2 e the equation yields site-site correlation functions in qualitative agreement with those from computer simulation.
Ballooning in spiders: results of wind tunnel experiments

Ballooning refers to the aerial displacement of spiders made possible by friction between rising air and strands of silk. The phenomenon is widespread in the order Araneae and is thought to be the primary means by which spiders disperse over long distances. Only recently have attempts been made to understand the aerodynamic constraints under which ballooning spiders must operate. The current study was stimulated by the cogent theoretical work of HUMPHREY (1987), and provides the first empirical data on the physical forces acting on spiders about to become airborne and on those that are already airborne. The data indicate (1) that both the silk and the spider's body provide the drag necessary for ballooning, (2) that fluid dynamic models overestimate the difficulty of becoming and remaining airborne, (3) that the spider has both postural and silk length control over drag development, (4) and that only very small spiders can rely on ballooning for dispersal over long distances.
Robust detection and control of bubble activity during high intensity focused ultrasound ablation

We present results from a real-time ultrasound-guided focused ultrasound platform designed to monitor and control bubble activity. A single element transducer is used in a dual-mode fashion to interleave HIFU therapy with imaging pulses. Use of the same element for both therapy and monitoring creates an inherent alignment between the imaging focus and the therapy focus. Field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) control the signal generation and echo reception enabling real-time data processing to detect and control bubble activity with microsecond latency. Results are presented from in vitro experiments in swine liver and bovine cardiac tissue demonstrating the ability to detect bubble activity and control lesion growth at intensities up to 15 kW/cm2.
Effects of ethanol on turnover and function of striatal dopamine.

Acute oral administration of ethanol increased the rate of depletion of dopamine in the striata of rats injected with α-methyl-p-tyrosine. This effect was eliminated by pretreatment with atropine or by lesioning of the striato-nigral tract. Ethanol also attenuated the inhibitory effect of apomorphine on turnover of striatal dopamine. Unilateral injection of ethanol into the neostriatum of rats followed by intraperitoneal injection of either apomorphine or amphetamine elicited marked ipsilateral head-to-tail body turning. This turning was blocked by pretreatment with haloperidol. Chronic intubation of ethanol to rats enhanced contralateral body turning elicited by unilateral intrastriatal injection of dopamine. Injection of 6-hydroxydopamine into the substantia nigra led to denervation supersensitivity of dopaminergic functions in the neostriatum. This effect was not seen in rats that were given ethanol postinjection of 6-hydroxydopamine. These results suggested that ethanol has an inhibitory effect on the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system.
Quality of life after spinal cord injury caused by gunshot.

Abstract Putzke JD, Richards JS, DeVivo MJ. Quality of life after spinal cord injury caused by gunshot. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2001;82:949-54. Objective: To determine what effect gunshot-caused spinal cord injury (SCI) has on self-reported quality of life (QOL) and on the frequency of pain sufficient to interfere with day-to-day activities. Design: Follow-up, case-control design. Setting: Analysis of data obtained from the (US) National Spinal Cord Injury Statistical Center from 18 funded Spinal Cord Injury Model Systems. Participants: Individuals with traumatic onset SCI ( n = 1901). From these, 111 persons with gunshot-caused SCI were matched to persons with nongunshot SCI. Main Outcome Measures: Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), the Craig Handicap Assessment and Reporting Technique (CHART), Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12), and an individual pain item from the SF-12. Results: No between-group differences were found on any of the QOL outcome measures. In contrast, those with SCI caused by gunshot reported that pain more frequently interfered with day-to-day activities than the matched comparison group. Conclusions: SCI caused by gunshot appears largely unrelated to QOL, after controlling for demographic and medical characteristics associated with this group. Gunshot as a mechanism of SCI may place individuals at an increased risk of subsequent development of pain that interferes with activities of daily living. © 2001 by the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
The effect of radiofrequency thermal capsulorrhaphy on glenohumeral translation, rotation, and volume.

Abstract The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of radiofrequency (RF) thermal capsulorrhaphy on the kinematic properties of the glenohumeral joint as determined by changes in resistance to multidirectional translational forces, alteration in the range of internal and external rotation, and changes in glenohumeral joint volume. Nonablative RF thermal energy was used to contract the glenohumeral joint capsule in 6 cadaveric shoulders. Measurements of translation were made after application of a 30-N load in anterior, posterior, and inferior directions. The maximum arc of internal and external rotation after application of a 1–N-m moment was also determined for vented specimens before and after thermal capsulorrhaphy. The percent reduction in glenohumeral capsular volume was measured by use of a saline solution injection-aspiration technique. Capsular shrinkage resulted in reductions in anterior, posterior, and inferior translation. The largest percent reductions in anterior translation were seen in external rotation at 45° (48%, P P P P P P
Light responses of Tribolium castaneum and Tribolium confusum (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae): Variation with age and sex

Abstract The influence of age and sex upon the light responses of adult Tribolium castaneum and T. confusum was investigated by using light-dark alternative chambers. Males and females of both species, whether segregated by sex or in mixed groups, showed an intense photonegative response during the 2nd and 3rd days of adult life, but the response weakened considerably during the 4th and 5th days. This change in behavior is correlated with the onset of reproductive maturity. There was no significant difference in the response of 5-day-old males and females of either species, but segregated groups of T. castaneum were more photonegative than were mixed groups. Mixed groups of T. confusum were much more photonegative than mixed groups of T. castaneum, but there was no significant difference between segregated groups of the two species.
Hypothesis testing in a mixture case-control model.

Summary We consider a problem of testing mixture proportions using two-sample data, one from group one and the other from a mixture of groups one and two with unknown proportion, λ, for being in group two. Various statistical applications, including microarray study, infectious epidemiological studies, case–control studies with contaminated controls, clinical trials allowing “nonresponders,” genetic studies for gene mutation, and fishery applications can be formulated in this setup. Under the assumption that the log ratio of probability (density) functions from the two groups is linear in the observations, we propose a generalized score test statistic to test the mixture proportion. Under some regularity conditions, it is shown that this statistic converges to a weighted chi-squared random variable under the null hypothesis of λ= 0, where the weight depends only on the sampling fraction of both groups. The permutation method is used to provide more reliable finite sample approximation. Simulation results and two real data applications are presented.