cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
RANGE-WIDE POPULATION STRUCTURE OF SHORTNOSE STURGEON ACIPENSER BREVIROSTRUM BASED ON SEQUENCE ANALYSIS OF THE MITOCHONDRIAL DNA CONTROL REGION

Riverine populations of shortnose sturgeon (Acipenser brevirostrum) once occurred in rivers and estuaries along the east coast of North America from the St. John River, New Brunswick, to the St. Johns River, Florida. Within this range, 19 population segments were identified by the U.S. Federal Shortnose Sturgeon Recovery Team; empirical data supporting this structure is limited. We obtained samples from 11 (12 including a small sample from the Cape Fear River, North Carolina) of these population segments and used PCR and direct sequence analysis of 440 base pairs of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region to define the coast-wide genetic population structure of shortnose sturgeon. Collections from most population segments exhibited significant differences in haplotype frequencies with their nearest neighbors, including from the Ogeechee and Savannah Rivers, Georgia (despite the known movement of hatchery-reared offspring from the Savannah into the Ogeechee River). Collections from the Chesapeake Bay and Delaware River exhibited similar haplotype frequencies, suggesting that specimens collected in the Chesapeake Bay had dispersed from the Delaware River. Collections from the Kennebec River and Androscoggin River within a hypothesized single population segment did not exhibit significant differentiation of mtDNA haplotype frequencies. Haplotype frequencies were almost identical between collections from above and below the Holyoke Dam on the Connecticut River, indicating that these aggregations should be managed as a single unit. Our results support the population segment status afforded to shortnose sturgeon in at least the following 9 systems; St. John River, Kennebec-Androscoggin Rivers, upper-lower Connecticut River, Hudson River, Delaware River-Chesapeake Bay, Pee Dee River, Cooper River, Savannah River, and Ogeechee-Altamaha Rivers.
Accelerated regression of brain metastases in patients receiving whole brain radiation and the topoisomerase II inhibitor, lucanthone

Abstract Purpose: To determine if lucanthone crossed the blood-brain barrier in experimental animals; and to determine accelerated tumor regression of human brain metastases treated jointly with lucanthone and whole brain radiation. Methods and Materials: The organ distribution of 3 H lucanthone in mice and 125 I lucanthone in rats was determined to learn if lucanthone crossed the blood-brain barrier. Size determinations were made of patients' brain metastases from magnetic resonance images or by computed tomography before and after treatment with 30 Gy whole brain radiation alone or with lucanthone. Results: The time course of lucanthone's distribution in brain was identical to that in muscle and heart after intraperitoneal or intravenous administration in experimental animals. Lucanthone, therefore, readily crossed the blood-brain barrier in experimental animals. Conclusion: Compared with radiation alone, the tumor regression in patients with brain metastases treated with lucanthone and radiation was accelerated, approaching significance using a permutation test at p = 0.0536.
How personal can ethics get

Purpose – The purpose of this article is to demonstrate an ethical dilemma in transparency. This is a true story. Names have been changed to protect identities.Design/methodology/approach – Provides a true real life story. A classmate and close friend of the author told her about an ethical dilemma, and they decided it would make a good ethics case for business school students. The paper tells a story about a person having to make a difficult decision, and the way ethics can play out for an individual whose entire career could be at stake because of that decision.Findings – Companies should show more support for whistleblowers even though that can be problematic. It should not be a risk to say what we know and think.Originality/value – This paper will hopefully make people aware of the problems faced by whistleblowers.
Culture, Civilization, and Social Change*

(1962). Culture, Civilization, and Social Change. The Sociological Quarterly: Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 93-106.
The effects of a community-based literacy program on young children's language and conceptual development

Effects of a community-based literacy program on 1-, 2-, and 3-year-old children's language and conceptual development were assessed. University students were trained to teach Head Start parents effective methods for reading to their children. Families were randomly assigned to receive 18, 3, or 0 instructional visits. Results indicated that parents in the 18-instructional-visit program increased their participation in appropriate literacy behaviors such as reading to their children, teaching concepts to their children, and using the library, more than parents in the 0-instructional-visit groups. Children in the 18-instructional-visit program showed greater gains in language and conceptual development than children in the 0-instructional-visit group. Few differences were found between children in the 3-visit and 0-instructional-visit groups. Thus, only a high-intensity community-based intervention designed to train parents was effective in increasing emergent literacy in low-income ethnic children.
A 20 nm gate-length ultra-thin body p-MOSFET with silicide source/drain

Abstract As the scaling of CMOS transistors extends to the sub-20 nm regime, the most challenging aspect of device design is the control of the off-state current. The traditional methods for controlling leakage current via the substrate doping profile will be difficult to implement at these dimensions. A promising method for controlling leakage in sub-20 nm transistors is the reduction in source-to-drain leakage paths through the use of a body region which is significantly thinner then the gate length, with either a single or a double gate. In this paper we present ultra-thin body PMOS transistors with gate lengths down to 20 nm fabricated using a low-barrier silicide as the source and drain. Calixarene-based electron-beam lithography was used to define critical device dimensions. These transistors show 260 μ A μ m − 1on-current and on/off current ratios of 106, for a conservative oxide thickness of 40 A and | Vg − Vt| = 1.2 V. Excellent short-channel effect, with only 0.2 V reduction in | Vt| is obtained in devices with gate lengths ranging from 100 to 20 nm.
A One-Dimensional Wave Equation with White Noise Boundary Condition

We discuss the Cauchy problem for a one-dimensional wave equation with white noise boundary condition. We also establish the existence of an invariant measure when the noise is additive. Similar problems for parabolic equations were discussed by several authors. To our knowledge, there is only one work [12] which investigated the initial-boundary value problem for a wave equation with random noise at the boundary. We handle a more general case by a different method. Our result on the existence of an invariant measure relies on the author's recent work on a certain class of stochastic evolution equations.
Thermal Protective Performance test for clothing

The author describes a method for determining the Thermal Protective Performance (TPP) rating of clothing materials. Key test requirements are a realistic exposure and heat transfer criterion related to human tissue tolerance to thermal exposure.
Correlations among Cognitive Abilities Are Lower for Higher Ability Groups.

Previous research demonstrates that correlations among IQ tests are lower when estimated using higher ability groups ( Detterman & Daniel, 1989; Lynn, 1990 ). However, this phenomenon has only been documented using individually administered measures of intelligence and attempts to extend the demonstration to other specialized abilities have failed ( Detterman, 1993 ). This study divides the 1980 Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB) weighted norming sample into five ability levels with similar levels of variance. Analyses show that ASVAB tests are less correlated within higher ability groups provided that the scales used to define the groups are psychometrically sound: For three highly skewed ASVAB tests, a ceiling effect prevents this phenomenon; for the remaining seven tests, the phenomenon replicates; and the magnitude of the effect is proportional to the skewness of the scale, r = −.85. These findings support the assertion that cognitive abilities are less correlated in higher ability groups, imply that greater classification effects can be associated with more intelligent groups, and qualify the use of the multivariate correction for restriction of range.
Use of chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) to detect transcription factor binding to highly homologous promoters in chromatin isolated from unstimulated and activated primary human B cells

The Chromatin Immunoprecipiation (ChIP) provides a powerful technique for identifying the in vivo association of transcription factors with regulatory elements. However, obtaining meaningful information for promoter interactions is extremely challenging when the promoter is a member of a class of highly homologous elements. Use of PCR primers with small numbers of mutations can limit cross-hybridization with non-targeted sequences and distinguish a pattern of binding for factors with the regulatory element of interest. In this report, we demonstrate the selective in vivo association of NF-κB, p300 and CREB with the human Iγ1 promoter located in the intronic region upstream of the Cγ1 exons in the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus. These methods have the ability to extend ChIP analysis to promoters with a high degree of homology.
Cooperation diversity scenarios for clipped OFDM with iterative destination node reception

A realistic framework for cooperation diversity is presented for Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) systems with clipping type of transmitter non-linearities. The destination node processes together the received information from the source node and a single, selection algorithm dependent relay one (if any of the candidate relays succeeds in decoding the original OFDM packet sent). The relayed packets are the same with the direct ones (repetition coding), so that simpler receiver processing applies. The destination node employs an optimized, iterative receiver structure based on Turbo processing, in which both the channels and the clipping distortion are (iteratively) estimated. The relaying nodes receive the source-node emanating packets in a standard, non-iterative fashion, due to delay constraints. Two methods of relay node selection are considered: a) Random Relay Selection (RRS), and b) Optimal Relay Selection (ORS). High gains are showed for the proposed approach, due to the synergy between clipping distortion, channel estimation and multiple transmission paths, based on node cooperation diversity. In addition, when the number of candidate relay nodes increases, it is shown that ORS performs significantly better than RRS.
Delamination from surface cracks in composite materials

Some aspects of splitting and delamination of composite materials from surface flaws are discussed. The system modelled is one of an elastically homogeneous material containing aligned interfaces. This simplified model, although missing some of the details that would be associated with elastic inhomogeneity, does permit a discussion of some of the factors that govern this type of delamination.
Primer-template interactions during DNA amplification fingerprinting with single arbitrary oligonucleotides.

DNA amplification fingerprinting (DAF) is the enzymatic amplification of arbitrary stretches of DNA which is directed by very short oligonucleotide primers of arbitrary sequence to generate complex but characteristic DNA fingerprints. To determine the contribution of primer sequence and length to the fingerprint pattern and the effect of primer-template mismatches, DNA was amplified from several sources using sequence-related primers. Primers of varying length, constructed by removing nucleotides from the 5′ terminus, produced unique patterns only when primers were 8 nucleotides or fewer in length. Larger primers produced either identical or related fingerprints, depending on the sequence. Single base changes within this first 8-nucleotide region of the primer significantly altered the spectrum of amplification products, especially at the 3′ terminus. Increasing annealing temperatures from 15° to 70° C during amplification did not shift the boundary of the 8-nucleotide region, but reduced the amplification ability of shorter primers. Our observations define a 3′-terminal oligonucleotide domain that is at least 8 bases in length and largely conditions amplification, but that is modulated by sequences beyond it. Our results indicate that only a fraction of template annealing sites are efficiently amplified during DAF. A model is proposed in which a single primer preferentially amplifies certain products due to competition for annealing sites between primer and terminal hairpin loop structures of the template.
Phosphorylation of acinetobacter isocitrate lyase

During growth on succinate, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus contains two forms of the enzyme isocitrate dehydrogenase. Addition of acetate to a lag-phase culture grown on succinate causes a dramatic increase in activity of form II of isocitrate dehydrogenase and in isocitrate lyase. Form II of isocitrate dehydrogenase may be responsible for the partition of isocitrate between the TCA cycle and the glyoxylate by-pass. This report describes the phosphorylation of the enzyme isocitrate lyase from A. calcoaceticus . This phosphorylation may be a regulatory mechanism for the glyoxylate by-pass.
Useful adjuvants for postoperative pain management

Adjuvants are compounds which by themselves have undesirable side-effects or low potency but in combination with opioids allow a reduction of narcotic dosing for postoperative pain control. Adjuvants are needed for postoperative pain management due to side-effects of opioid analgesics, which hinder recovery, especially in the increasingly utilized ambulatory surgical procedures. NMDA antagonists have psychomimetic side-effects at high doses, but at moderate doses do not cause stereotypic behavior but allow reduction in opioid dose to obtain better pain control. Alpha-2 adrenergic agonists cause sedation, hypotension and bradycardia at moderate doses, but at low doses can be opioid sparing especially in spinal administration. Gabapentin-like compounds have low potency against acute pain, but in combination with opioids allow a reduction in opioid dose with improved analgesia. Corticosteroids may have only a limited role as adjuvants while acetylcholine esterase inhibitors may have too many side-effects. Newer adjuvants will be needed to reduce opioid dose and concomitant side-effects, even more as same day surgeries become more routine.
The Weltmann reaction in bronchial asthma

Abstract 1.1. The Weltmann reaction has been studied in a series of 224 asthmatics (51 children and 173 adults). 2.2. Patients were classified according to the clinical diagnosis into five groups: (1) asthma, (2) asthma and other allergy, (3) asthma with noninfectious diseases, (4) asthma with chronic, and (5) asthma with acute infections. 3.3. Patients with uncomplicated asthma, or asthma and another allergic disease had coagulation bands of 6, except six patients with intrinsic asthma due to bacterial allergy and intrapulmonary infections, who had bands of 5. 4.4. The asthmatics with noninfectious complications had hands of 7 or longer. 5.5. All patients with infection had bands less than 6, except for a group of twenty-four asthmatics with chronic infection. One-half of these patients had very mild infection. The other half had, in addition to infection, some marked degree of emphysema or pulmonary fibrosis. 6.6. On the basis of the Weltmann reaction, one may apparently detect the presence of infection and fibrotic change in asthmatics.
Ballistic Electron Emission Luminescence of InAs Quantum Dots Embedded in a GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs Heterostructure

Ballistic electron emission luminescence (BEEL) is a further development of ballistic electron emission microscopy (BEEM) combining three-terminal hot electron injection and interband radiative recombination in direct-gap semiconductor materials. By using a planar tunnel-junction emitter rather than a STM tip, a spectrographic analysis of the induced electroluminescence can be performed with the help of much higher current injection level. We demonstrate the operational principle of BEEL in a GaAs/Al x Ga 1− x As heterostructure with a layer of InAs quantum dots (QDs) as the optical active layer. The wavelength-resolved BEEL spectra from planar tunnel-junction devices disclose the QD luminescence as a peak near 1.34 eV accompanied with a linear quantum-confined Stark shift. At higher collector voltage, luminescence from bulk states of GaAs peaked at 1.48 eV is observed. The spectrally integrated BEEL intensity as a function of collector voltage fits well with the results from STM tip injection, which is measured in a single-photon-counting mode. Measurement of ballistic electron current spectroscopy is made possible by freezing out the thermionic leakage current at low temperatures. Our results indicate that it is feasible to simultaneously acquire topographic, electronic and photonic information of buried light-emitting semiconductor heterostructures.
Factors associated with use of preoperative chemoradiation therapy for rectal cancer in the Cancer Care Outcomes Research and Surveillance Consortium.

PURPOSE Preoperative (preop) chemoradiation therapy (CRT) improves local control and reduces toxicity more than postoperative (postop) CRT for the treatment of stages II/III rectal cancer, but studies suggest that many patients still receive postop CRT. We examined patient beliefs and clinical and provider characteristics associated with receipt of recommended therapy. METHODS We identified stages II/III rectal cancer patients who had primary site resection and CRT among subjects in the Cancer Care Outcomes Research and Surveillance Consortium, a population-based and health system-based prospective cohort of newly diagnosed colorectal cancer patients from 2003 to 2005. Patient surveys and abstracted medical records were used to construct variables and determine sequence of CRT and surgery. Logistic regression was used to model the association between predictors and receipt of preop CRT. RESULTS Of the 201 patients, 66% received preop and 34% received postop CRT. Those visiting a medical oncologist and/or radiation oncologist before a surgeon had a 96% (95% confidence interval, 92%-100%) predicted probability of receiving preop CRT, compared with 48% (95% confidence interval, 41%-55%) for those visiting a surgeon first. Among those visiting a surgeon first, documentation of recommended staging procedures was associated with receiving preop CRT. CONCLUSIONS Sequence of provider visits and documentation of recommended staging procedures were important predictors of receiving preop CRT. Initial multidisciplinary evaluation led to better adherence to CRT guidelines. Further evaluation of provider characteristics, referral patterns, and related health system processes should be undertaken to inform targeted interventions to reduce variation from recommended care.
Toward a Victim-Survivor Narrative: Rape and Form in Yvonne Vera's Under the Tongue and Calixthe Beyala's Tu t'appelleras Tanga

This essay examines the representation of rape in Yvonne Vera’s Under the Tongue and Calixthe Beyala’s Tu t’appelleras Tanga, arguing for the term “victim-survivor” as a conceptual frame for analyzing the experience of violated protagonists. By positing the “victim-survivor narrative” as a form that grapples with the multiple responses to and experiences with rape, as well as the different ways they figure on cultural production, this essay moves beyond the extant analyses in rape cultural criticism and trauma studies. My discussion critiques the ways in which models from trauma studies and rape crisis intervention fall short in accounting for the complexity of African experiences with sexual violence. To do so, I challenge the dominance of the rape survivor model, offer victim-survivor in its stead, and subsequently demonstrate its efficacy as a way to analyze rape that accounts for the female protagonists’ multiple locations and subjectivities in Beyala’s and Vera’s novels.
Shell thinning and reproductive impairment in black ducks after cessation of DDE dosage

Captive black ducks (anas rubripes) were fed dietary DDE [1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis (p-chlorophenyl)ethylene] at 10 ppm (dry weight; about 2 ppm on a natural diet basis) for 2 breeding seasons, then untreated feed for 2 succeeding years. Residues of DDE in the carcasses of adults declined 90% during the 2-year clean-up period. Following 2 years of dietary DDE, mean residues in eggs reached 64.9 ppm. Even after 2 years on clean feed, DDE residues in the eggs averaged 6.2 ppm or 9.5% of the mean DDE level reached after 2 years on treated feed. Shells of eggs from treated hens were about 20% thinner than shells of eggs from controls. Stoppage of DDE dosage resulted in progressively thicker shells, yet even after 2 years on untreated feed hens laid eggs with shells about 10% thinner than control hens. After DDE was removed from the diet, DDE residues in the eggs decreased, shell thickness increased, and reproductive success improved. Hens previously exposed to DDE, but then fed clean feed for 2 years, still produced significantly fewer surviving ducklings than did control hens.
DO SILICONE TESTICULAR IMPLANTS INCREASE THE RISK OF SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS (SLE) IN CHILDREN?(2) MICRO-VASCULAR IMMUNE COMPLEXES MAY BE DEMONSTRATED IN THE FIBRO-MUSCULAR TISSUE AROUND SILICONE IMPLANTS.

We have previously reported the occurrence of severe SLE with nephritis in two children, a 15 year old boy in 1992, 12 years after a silicone testicular prosthesis was implanted in the scrotum for cosmetic reasons (unilateral cryptochordism) and a 10 year old girl in 1981, two years after a silicone scleral sponge was implanted in her eye (retinal detachment) (Lancet, 1994.343:354-5). 2/50 children who have had renal biopsies for lupus nephritis at our hospital between 1977-1993 have had silicone implants prior to their developing SLE.
The role of energetic O(+) precipitation in a mid-latitude aurora

It is shown that fluxes of precipitating energetic O(+) that have been observed by satellites in the topside ionosphere can explain the magnitude of the N2+(1 N) (first negative) 3914-angstroms and N2(2 P) (second positive) 3371-angstroms emission rate observed during a mid-latitude aurora over Logan, Utah (41 degrees N, 111 degrees W), on 21-22 September 1982. Heavy particle precipitation has previously been invoked to explain the anomalously high populations in the upper vibrational levels of the N2+(1 N) system that are evident in the observed emissions. An improved model is used to investigate the impact of precipitating heavy ions on the atmosphere. The nocturnal thermospheric heating rate and ionization rate during one of these events can be equivalent to the daytime EUV heating and ionization rates. The observed spectrum can be explained by energetic O(+) precipitation to within the uncertainties of the inputs to the model.
The Children's Global Assessment Scale in clinical practice: an empirical evaluation.

ABSTRACT Objective The purpose of this study was to examine characteristics of the Children's Global Assessment Scale (CGAS) in the context of clinical practice. Method Ninety-five children admitted to a psychiatric inpatient unit were rated by their attending psychiatrist and by milieu staff on the CGAS. Measures of severity and type of symptomatology; social, behavioral, and school competence; intellectual level; social relatedness; and family stress were completed by parents and staff raters. Results Results indicated that there was significant convergence in CGAS ratings by independent raters. CGAS ratings were unrelated to measures of symptomatology but were significantly related to indices of children's competence. Conclusions This pattern of results diverged from findings from highly controlled research settings and indicated that CGAS ratings obtained in clinical contexts may reflect evaluations of functional competence rather than severity of symptomatology.
Large concentration effects on conformational equilibria

The conformational equilibrium in cis-3-Hydroxythiane S-oxide (Scheme 1) is strongly concentration dependent, being affected by intermolecular hydrogen bonding at high concentration.
Training pre-school children to modify their retarded siblings' behavior

Abstract In a demonstration project, three children, ranging in age from three to six, were taught to be modifiers of their retarded siblings' behavior by means of a short training film. Their ability to teach the handicapped siblings was observed 3 weeks before, immediately after, and 6 weeks after exposure to the filmed models. It was concluded that pre-school children could be taught instructional skills such as prompting, modeling, giving verbal information, calling attention, and the appropriate use of reinforcement.
Changing Borders and Realities: Emigration of Indian Scientists and Engineers to the United States

International migration cannot be viewed as a byproduct of globalization since people have been migrating for centuries. However, globalization has given rise to a new kind of immigration, where a growing variety of interconnected social activities are taking place among technical immigrants at a high speed irrespective of their geographical location. The advent of instant online communication and the ability to share discoveries, inventions, advances, documents, and pictures in real time, as well as safe, easy, and fast travel options have made the traditional notions of borders, immigration, and even assimilation obsolete. This paper looks at how the tenets of immigration under globalization seem to be becoming outmoded as scientific knowledge flows between India and the U.S. It is based on the review of literature on the subject and in-depth interviews conducted in 2002-2004 with 120 Indian scientists and engineers from both countries.
A Rotational Offset Model for Two-Stranded F-actin

We propose the following "rotational offset" model for two independent strands of F-actin to account for the observation that it is possible, at times, for the crossover repeat to either alternate between long and short periods or remain constant (Bremer et al., 1991. J. Cell Biol. 115, 689-703). Rotational offset is the manifestation of the angular component of "lateral slipping" between the two long-pitch, right-handed strands comprising the actin filament. The present model is based on the premise that the longitudinal bond connecting the subunits along a single long-pitch strand is substantially stronger than the diagonal bond that connects interstrand subunits. We pose that, over fairly long stretches, the backbones of the two right-handed strands are individually close to being ideal helices, and that it is possible for the backbone of one strand to "roll across" the other. The rotational offset angle (epsilon 0) is the amount that one helical strand is angularly displaced relative to the position that otherwise would allow the two strands to be described as an ideal single genetic helix. Such an independent movement of the two strands is shown to shift the monomers that are involved in crossover points and produce the different patterns in crossover periods which have been observed from electron micrographs analysis. We specifically demonstrate that for a constant nonzero rotational offset the length of the crossover periods alternates, whereas for a constant offset of zero the crossover period remains constant. We also show that changes in the rotational offset angle along the filament can account for variable (random) crossover periods.
Steady-state natural convection with phase change

Abstract Natural convection significantly affects the thermofluid transport processes for a material experiencing phase change. In the present work, steady-state solutions of the convection and associated momentum and energy transfer are computed by considering the solid, liquid, and mushy zones simultaneously. Finite-volume computational techniques, including the use of non-orthogonal curvilinear coordinates, second-order discretization, adequate number of nodal points, and adaptive grid solution method are utilized for wide ranges of Rayleigh, Prandtl, and Stefan numbers. It is found that the size and strength of the convection cell, as well as the location and shape of the phase boundaries are all strongly dependent on the combination of the above controlling parameters, as well as the temperature range governing the existence of the mushy zone. A systematic presentation of the effect of those factors on the transport characteristics is made to delineate the physical mechanisms responsible for the phase change process.
Synthesis of [2‐14C] 3′‐deoxythymidin‐2′ ‐ENE (d4T) and [5–125I] 3′ ‐azido‐2′, 3′‐dideoxy‐5‐iodouridine: Potent inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV‐1)

The syntheses of [2-14C] 3′ -deoxythymidin-2′ -ene (d4T) and [5-125I] 3′ -azido-2′, 3′ -dideoxy-5-iodouridine in a one-pot operation are described.
On-Chip Blood Viscometer Towards Point-of-Care Hematological Diagnosis

Blood viscosity is an important hematological parameter which is widely used for the diagnosis of atherosclerosis, thrombosis and stroke. Currently used Couette rheometer drives the blood flow at a certain shear rate and measures the viscosity from the resistance toque towards the rotational shaft. Although effective, conventional rheometer is limited due to the complex configuration and the relatively large sample volume. More important, the rotating components hinder the miniaturization for point-of-care and unattended diagnosis. To address this, a microchip is reported for measuring the blood viscosity from the electrical impedances of the blood flowing inside a microchannel. This microdevice is advantageous over rotational viscometers in less sample consumption, rapid response and simple configuration. Considering the vital role of blood viscosity in cardiovascular disorders, this microchip provides a promising start point for on-chip hematological diagnosis.
Strategies to address transition costs in a restructuring electricity industry

This paper discusses the potential financial consequences, or transition costs, of transforming electricity generation from a regulated to a competitive market in the US. Industry-wide estimates suggest potential monetary losses could exceed $100 billion as a result of the move to competition. The paper discusses the most prominent strategies suggested to address these potential losses. For each strategy, the paper identifies the parties most likely to bear the financial consequences. Most strategies do nothing to reduce the total costs to society, but instead shift costs from one set of economic actors to another. The exceptions are those strategies that result in economic-efficiency gains, which can then be used to offset the transition costs. Most of the strategies examined require the cooperation of several parties, including regulators, to be implemented successfully.
Shell-model calculations of 42Ca and 43Ca using the Tabakin interaction

Abstract An effective interaction for use in the calcium isotopes is derived from the Tabakin interaction. The matrix elements of the effective interaction compare extremely well with those of the Hamada-Johnston force calculated by Kuo and Brown. Comparisons are also made with the Federman-Talmi parameters and the Engeland-Osnes parameters. Shell-model calculations of 42Ca and 43Ca are performed. We find that the effective interaction which reproduces the 42Ca spectra quite well gives a ground state which is too low in 43Ca.
Abstract 1983: Functional analysis of cancer-associated mutations in human LATS1 and LATS2 tumor suppressors.

Large Tumor Suppressor LATS1 and LATS2 (LATS1/2) are the key kinases of the hippo pathway, which regulates organ size and tumorigenesis in Drosophila and mammals in an evolutionary conserved pattern. Lats1 deficient mice develop soft tissue sarcomas, while disruption of Lats2 in mice and lats(wts) in Drosophila cause embryonic lethality. The Cancer Genome Project has identified 31 Lats1 and 21 Lats2 somatic mutations in the primary tumor tissues from a variety of human cancers, such as lung and ovarian cancer. However, the consequences of these mutations are still to be elucidated. In our study, evolutionary conservation analysis and structure remodeling predict 9 potentially damaging missense mutations, seven of which are located in the kinase domain. Immunoblotting demonstrates that one of the LATS2 mutants does not encode the protein product, whereas the other LATS1/2 mutants impair their phosphorylation, and attenuate their kinase activities on phosphorylating oncogene YAP. Furthermore, luciferase-based reporter assay shows that transcriptional coactivator activity of YAP is inhibited by wild type LATS1/2, but not by the mutants. In addition, in vivo transgenic expressions of LATS1/2 mutants result in less growth suppression in the Drosophila wing, when compared with the wild type. LATS1/2 mutants also fail to fully rescue the lethality causing by endogenous lats(wts) knockdown. Together, these results suggest that human LATS1 and LATS2 mutations deregulate oncogene YAP and highlight the crucial role of hippo pathway control in tumor suppression. Citation Format: Tian Yu, John F. Bachman, Zhi-Chun Lai. Functional analysis of cancer-associated mutations in human LATS1 and LATS2 tumor suppressors. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1983. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1983
Effects of Fluid Shear Stress on a Distinct Population of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells.

Vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) are a major cell type involved in vascular remodeling. The various developmental origins of SMCs such as neural crest and mesoderm result in the heterogeneity of SMCs, which plays an important role in vascular remodeling and disease development. Upon vascular injury, SMCs are exposed to blood flow and subjected to fluid shear stress. Previous studies have shown that fluid shear stress inhibits SMC proliferation. However, the effect of shear stress on the subpopulation of SMCs from specific developmental origin and vascular bed is not well understood. Here we investigated how shear stress regulates human aortic SMCs positive for neural crest markers. DNA microarray analysis showed that shear stress modulates the expression of genes involved in cell proliferation, matrix synthesis, cell signaling, transcription and cytoskeleton organization. Further studies demonstrated that shear stress induced SMC proliferation and cyclin D1, downregulated cell cycle inhibitor p21, and activated Akt pathway. Inhibition of PI-3 kinase blocked these shear stress-induced changes. These results suggest that SMCs with neural crest characteristics may respond to shear stress in a different manner. This finding has significant implications in the remodeling and disease development of blood vessels.
Are Interpersonal and Relational Psychoanalysis the Same

(1998). Are Interpersonal and Relational Psychoanalysis the Same? Contemporary Psychoanalysis: Vol. 34, No. 4, pp. 485-500.
The stability of resting metabolic rate and diet-induced thermogenesis in children

The stability of resting metabolic rate and diet-induced thermogenesis was assessed in a group of 8- to 12-year-old children over two sessions. Children were first oriented to the laboratory and participated in a practice session to adapt them to the laboratory procedures. The two metabolic sessions began with the measurement of resting metabolic rate. The children were then provided a caloric challenge, with metabolic measures taken at 30-min intervals for 150 min. Results showed stable resting and integrated diet-induced thermogenic responses across sessions. Differences in the pattern of response from 30 to 60 min were observed, with the response peaking earlier in the first session.
Pulmonary hypertension and major surgery.

P atients with pulmonary hypertension have markedly increased morbidity and mortality with anesthesia and surgery (1,2). For patients with Eisenmenger’s syndrome undergoing cesarean section, mortality is 46%70”/0 (3). The risks associated with primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH) seem to be even more frequent than those related to secondary pulmonary hypertension (4). Reports of successful outcomes of surgery in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension include curative procedures such as lung or heart-lung transplantation, cesarean section (2,3), and relatively brief procedures with minor blood loss and fluid shifts (lung biopsy, cholecystectomy, femoral artery repair, and laparoscopic tubal ligation) (5-9). The following case report describes a patient with PPH who successfully underwent combined abdominal aortic aneurysmectomy and hysterectomy. This case report emphasizes the value of preoperative pulmonary vasodilator testing to determine the risks of anesthesia and surgery and to provide a therapeutic option in the perioperative period. In this case report, we also discuss an approach to postoperative management of these patients.
Nanocrystallization process and mechanism in a nickel alloy subjected to surface severe plastic deformation

Bulk components made of a Ni-base C-2000 alloy with a face-centered cubic crystal structure and a very low stacking fault energy have been severely plastically deformed at the surface region to attain a grain size gradient ranging from nanocrystalline at the surface to coarse grained in the bulk. The evolution of microstructural characteristics has been studied as a function of the processing time employing a variety of analytical techniques, including extensive conventional and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy analyses. The thickness of the nanocrystalline surface layer is found to increase with the processing time. Deformation twinning is ubiquitous and occurs at the earliest stage of deformation and the deepest region of the material where plastic deformation has taken place in the surface severe plastic deformation process. A grain-refinement mechanism led by deformation twins and complemented by dislocation activity has been put forth to explain the nanocrystallization of the coarse-grained material employed in this investigation.
Innominate artery reconstruction: over 3 decades of experience

Background Data Symptomatic atherosclerotic occlusive disease of the innominate artery is a threatening disease pattern that offers a major challenge in achieving definitive surgical repair. To assess the evolution of treatment strategies and their outcomes for this disease, the authors undertook a review of the cumulative experience for more than 3 decades at one institution. Methods Between 1960 and 1997, 94 patients (mean age, 62 years) underwent direct innominate artery revascularization for occlusive atherosclerotic disease to relieve neurologic (n = 85) and/or right upper extremity (n = 26) symptoms or asymptomatic critical stenosis (n = 3). The pattern of atherosclerotic involvement revealed by angiography included critical stenosis (n = 77), complete occlusion (n = 10), and moderate stenosis with plaque ulceration (n = 7). A common brachiocephalic trunk was present in five patients. Transsternal (n = 68) or transcervical (n = 4) innominate endarterectomy was performed in 72 patients and bypass grafting in 22. Forty-one patients underwent concomitant endarterectomy or bypass of innominate branches or adjacent arch vessels, and 3 had coronary bypass grafting. Results There were three perioperative deaths (3%), all due to cardiac causes. Postoperative morbidity included four strokes (three resolved), two myocardial infarctions, two transient ischemic attacks, and one sternal dehiscence. Follow-up ranged from 8 months to 20 years. Postoperative actuarial survival rate was 96% at 1 year, 85% at 5 years, and 67% at 10 years. Freedom from recurrence requiring reoperation was 100% at 1 year, 99% at 5 years, and 97% at 10 years. Conclusions Innominate artery reconstruction is safe and durable when either endarterectomy or prosthetic bypass is used. The anatomic variation and disease distribution permit endarterectomy for most patients. The technique of innominate endarterectomy can be extended safely to outflow and adjacent vessels.
Stimulated Raman and Brillouin scattering in nonlinear periodic structures

We show that stimulated Raman scattering can lead to Raman-shifted gap solitons while stimulated Brillouin scattering can occur at reduced thresholds in a nonlinear periodic structure.
Desegregation in 3D: Displacement, Dispersal and Development in American Public Housing

Housing policy in the United States now serves an agenda defined by concerns over economic and racial segregation in older central city neighborhoods. HOPE VI, the main US initiative in this area, is aimed at the large-scale demolition of public housing projects and their replacement by smaller-scale, mixed-income developments. The logic model behind the effort to redevelop public housing and disperse subsidized housing residents anticipates benefits at both the individual and community level. Individuals are expected to progress in a range of economic, social and physical ways when freed of the negative area effects associated with high levels of income and racial segregation. Communities are expected to become more livable when rid of dysfunctional and outmoded public housing estates and their discouraging influence on private investment patterns. This paper examines the strengths and weaknesses of this model, assessing, in the process, the potential for achieving the policy goals set out by those advoc...
Gendered time use at home: an ethnographic examination of leisure time in middle‐class families

Home is often conceived as a refuge for busy working parents, but new findings indicate that relatively little leisure takes place there. We describe the indoor home leisure activities of middle‐class, dual‐earner parents, using ethnographic data from 32 Los Angeles‐area families of many ethnicities and real income levels. In our analysis, we rely most heavily on systematic scan sampling data in which the locations and activities of each family member were documented by hand‐held computer every 10 minutes. Only about 15% of parents’ time at home appears to be dedicated to leisure activities. Of that leisure time, nearly all is experienced indoors, much of it in passive and often non‐interactive contexts like watching television. Both mothers and fathers often experience indoor free time in very short, fragmented episodes, although fathers are more likely to have some longer periods of leisure. There are also gender inequalities in how often, when during the day, and where in the house parents spend their ...
Cultural Differences as Reflected in Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence (WBII) Test.

To 137 white and 110 Negro veterans, of comparable age level but differing significantly in education, the Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale (WBII) was given. The Negro veterans scored lower on all subtests but scored significantly higher than the whites on the Digit Span which requires a good memory and attention. It is interesting to note that the Negroes, despite their lower educational levels, scored higher (contrary to expectations) on the Verbal than the Performance parts of the scale. Negro (and white) Ss also showed larger differences on Performance than on Verbal scales. Negro Ss exhibited greater difficulties on Information which is “white oriented” and requires more schooling. The Negro Ss also experienced difficulties with pictorial perception. The influence of culture and environment upon intelligence measured by such tests as this is great. Comparisons of racial groups based solely on intelligence tests scores should be treated with caution.
Effects of acute and chronic waterborne lead exposure on the swimming performance and aerobic scope of fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas).

article i nfo Fathead minnows were subjected to an incremental velocity test using swim tunnel respirometry for the analysis of aerobic scope and swimming performance, as critical aerobic swim speed (Ucrit), following chronic exposures (33-57 d) to 0.9±0.4, 157±18 or 689±66 nmol L �1 Pb and an acute exposure (24 h) to
Women as Competent Community Builders the Other Side of the Coin

The women's movement was revived in America in the late 1960s after a 40-year hiatus (Freeman, 1979; Sochen, 1971) and sprang from two immediate sources. First was the fact that in 1961 President Kennedy created a President's Commission on the Status of Women which led to the establishment of 50 similar state commissions. The men and women who were involved in these commissions formed a network which later became the foundation of NOW, established by Betty Friedan and others in 1966 (Friedan, 1976). In the mid-1960s, the second source emerged. It was a grass roots movement characterized by women coming together in small groups to share their personal experiences, particularly their frustration, anger and unhappiness. Some of these women had participated in the Civil Rights movement and later the anti-war movement and were stunned to find that, despite the rhetoric of equality, they were confined to second-class status in those movements.