cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
α1 Antitrypsin deficiency: current best practice in testing and augmentation therapy

α1 Antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) increases the risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), liver disease and other conditions. Although it is not a rare disease, it is a condition rarely ...
Neurotoxicity of d‐Amphetamine in the C57BL/6J and CD‐1 Mouse

Substantial evidence suggests that stress can alter the general toxicological properties of the substituted amphetamines (AMPs) as well as their psychostimulant properties. Research concerning the interactions between stress and the neurotoxicity associated with the AMPs is, however, limited. Our previous work demonstrated that a variety of AMPs, including d-METH, d-MDA, d-MDMA but not d-FEN are able to damage dopaminergic elements of the striatum as shown by decreases in dopamine and tyrosine hydroxylase. The neurotoxic capabilities of these AMPs appear linked to their hyperpyrexic actions as diverse manipulations able to block AMP-induced hyperthermia are also neuroprotective. Surprising, since stress usually potentiates the actions of the AMPs, it is our finding that restraint, a commonly used stressor, is protective against the injurious actions of all neurotoxic AMPs evaluated to date. In the mouse restraint acts to elevate blood levels of corticosterone (CORT) by activating the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis as well as inducing a profound hypothermia. The role CORT may play in the neuroprotective actions of restraint, if any, is unknown. Here, data is presented showing the impact of several HPA axis manipulations, including restraint, supplementation with CORT in the drinking water and removal of CORT by adrenalectomy (ADX) on the striatal dopaminergic neurotoxicity of d-AMP. As strain is known to be a powerful determinant of the actions of stress an essential element of these experiments was the evaluation of both an inbred, C57BL/6J and outbred, CD-1, mouse strain. Exposure to d-AMP caused hyperthermia and substantial striatal dopaminergic neurotoxicity in both strains suggesting that an elevation in body temperature is as important a component of the neurotoxicity of d-AMP, as it is of the other neurotoxic AMPs. Restraint was equally effective in both strains and completely blocked the hyperthermia and striatal neurotoxicity induced by d-AMP. CORT supplementation, evaluated in only the C57BL/6J mouse at dosages not capable of involuting either the thymus or the spleen, did not alter d-AMP-induced neurotoxicity. Although the immune system organs of the two strains responded differentially to the removal of CORT, ADX provided equivalent partial protection against the loss of dopaminergic elements in striatum for both strains. Adrenal status clearly affects d-AMP neurotoxicity but the interaction is complex. Future work should examine the roles of the cortical and medullary components of the adrenal gland in the neuroprotective actions of ADX. A precise assessment of the role of circulating CORT In the neurotoxicity of the AMPs will require additional work in which a wider range of CORT dosages, including those capable of involuting thymus and spleen, are evaluated.
Cattle and Salmon I: Cattle Distribution and Behavior in a Northeastern Oregon Riparian Ecosystem

This 2-year study was designed to quantify the influence of terrestrial and stream habitats on cattle distribution and behavior in a riparian pasture with access to active chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) spawning. The active salmon redds accessible to cattle were at a density of 4.6 redds per km in 1996 and 6.1 redds per km in 1997. The stocking rate was maintained at 0.82 ha AUM 1 for 28 days. Cattle spent approximately 94% of their time in the terrestrial habitats (meadow, disturbance, low shrub, tall shrub, and trees) that supported herbivory-type activities (travel, graze, and rest), the remaining time was spent in stream habitats, which consisted of gravel bar (5%) and in aquatic (, 1%) habitats. Cattle spent approximately 88% of their time on nonherbivory-type activities while in the aquatic habitat. Individual cows were observed during the daylight hours for 18 of 28 days each year they were in the pasture and were never observed in direct contact with a redd. Cattle spent over half of their time drinking and , 0.01% of their time defecating while they were in the aquatic habitat. Defecation was proportional to time spent in each habitat; so about 2% of the manure was directly deposited in the stream.
HRD in West Africa

This paper reports findings from a study of cultural constraints that affect the effectiveness of HRD practices in the Cote d'Ivoire, a West African nation undergoing large-scale economic change. The study's aim was to uncover the perspectives of local nationals who would model and lead reform efforts. Theoretically, the research was grounded in doctrines of cultural relativism, psychological ownership, and organizational trust and change and designed to add knowledge about the transfer of cross-cultural HRD models.
The Energy Expended in Chewing Gum

To the Editor: Indirect evidence suggests that gum chewing may have greater metabolic effects than has been appreciated. The thermic effect of food is reduced when nutrition bypasses the mouth.1 In cows, chewing increases energy expenditure by approximately 20 percent.2,3 We measured how energy expenditure changes with gum chewing in humans. Energy expenditure was measured in a temperature-controlled, darkened, silent laboratory with an indirect calorimeter (model 229, SensorMedics, Yorba Linda, Calif.) that was calibrated before each measurement with two primary-standard gases (a combination of 4 percent carbon dioxide and 16 percent oxygen and a combination of 26 percent oxygen . . .
Solar Heating of Poultry Houses. 2. An Analysis of Solar Heating Systems

Abstract An analysis was made of selected solar heating systems for brooding broiler chickens. A computer simulation was used to evaluate brooding energy requirements and the portion of these requirements that could be supplied by solar energy on a quarterly and annual basis. Parameters varied in the analysis were storage size, collector tilt angle, geographic location, total or partial house brooding, and ratio of collector area to house floor area. Results showed that a major portion of brooding energy could be supplied by solar energy with a variety of system parameter values.
Lamotrigine-induced Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS)

A 59-year-old woman was transferred from another hospital for evaluation of fever and systemic rash. The patient stated that she noticed the morbilliform rash, 3 weeks earlier, diffusely throughout her body, sparing her palms and soles. Her primary care provider started her on levofloxacin 500 mg daily. She took no other medications. The rash progressed in the next 2 weeks with subsequent desquamation and painful, erythaematous blister formation. She also reported of systemic symptoms including malaise, fatigue and dyspnoea. She revealed that 3 weeks prior to onset of the rash, she was started on lamotrigine and was taking 50 mg daily at the time of her presentation. …
The Effect of Vibrotactile Cuing on Recovery Strategies From a Treadmill-Induced Trip

Effective fall prevention technologies need to detect and transmit the key information that will alert an individual in advance about a potential fall. This study investigated advanced vibrotactile cuing that may facilitate trip recovery for balance-impaired individuals who are prone to falling. A split-belt treadmill that simulated unpredictable trip perturbations was developed to compare balance recovery without and with cuing. Kinetic and kinematic measures from force plates and full body motion capture system were used to characterize the recovery responses. Experiment I evaluated recovery adaptation resulting from repeated trip exposure without vibrotactile cuing. Experiment II investigated the effects of vibrotactile cuing as a function of cuing location (upper arm, trunk, lower leg) and lead time prior to a trip (250, 500 ms). Experiment I showed that trip recovery improved progressively from the fourth to the eighth trial. Experiment II showed that trip recovery was almost the same as the eighth trial in Experiment I, regardless of the location of the cuing stimulus and lead time. The results suggest that a combination of vibrotactile cuing and hazard detection technology could reduce the risk of trips and falls
Study on buried pipeline deformation and damage by experiment and monitoring

The field socket gas pipeline is taken make the loading experiment in order to study the deformation and force state of the pipelines and the limit value of the deformation curvature of the pipeline.The monitoring data from the shield tunnel construction are analyzed,the effect of shield tunneling on the deformation of ground surface and buried pipelines is studied,and the rationality of the deformation monitoring value of gas pipelines in the Shenyang area is discussed.
Performance Improvement of Occupant Restraint System Based on Orthogonal Experiment Design

Passengers in minibuses tend to suffer severe injuries during frontal impacts.An optimized occupant restraint system(ORS) can provide better protection in such accidents.A mathematical model of a minibus ORS,including the seat,seat belt,steering wheel and instrument panel,was constructed using the software MADYMO and validated with data from a sled test.At last,optimization was made of orthogonal experiment design by applying parameters resulting from the validated model on restraint system.Comprehensive and credible appraisement with the model of a minibus ORS is achieved.
VB Program Debug

While in the process of compiling programs,the mistakes are difficult to avoid,so the debugging program appears especially important.Introducing the error types of VB,the debugging aids and the application of the debugging technology.Reference for the programmers.
A Comparison of Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Syrian and Turkish Patients with Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a significant public health problem with increasing incidence, especially in extreme circumstances. In this study, we compared the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of 685 Syrian CL patients afflicted by the Syrian conflict and 685 Turkish CL patients in 2012. Patient age, gender, duration of disease, lesion size, type, and localization were evaluated. The duration of CL disease in Syrian CL patients (4.5 ± 4.3 weeks) was shorter than that of Turkish CL patients (11.9 ± 9.7 weeks). The number of lesions was greater in Syrian patients (2.46 ± 2.43) than in Turkish patients (1.93 ± 1.47). Lesion sizes were comparable between both groups (Syrian, 11.2 ± 8.7 mm; Turkish, 10.7 ± 7.7 mm). In Syrian CL patients, nodular type lesions were the most common (325 patients, 49.1%), whereas, in Turkish CL patients, ulcer type lesions were the most common (352 patients, 51.5%). Our results indicate variations in the clinicoepidemiological features of CL between Turkish and Syrian patients within Sanliurfa province. This highlights the impact of social unrest and environmental conditions on the epidemiology of CL within this region. Approaches to prevention, control, and treatment of CL in these areas should take into consideration the emerging changes in clinicoepidemiological parameters of the disease.
Mixing rates for the alternating Gibbs sampler over restricted Boltzmann machines and friends

Alternating Gibbs sampling is a modification of classical Gibbs sampling where several variables are simultaneously sampled from their joint conditional distribution. In this work, we investigate the mixing rate of alternating Gibbs sampling with a particular emphasis on Restricted Boltzmann Machines (RBMs) and variants.
Cerebral Blood Flow, AJDO2 & CMRO2 in Comatose Children

The relationship between coma, cerebral edema, cerebral blood flow and cerebral metabolism has been defined in adult patients over the last decade. In metabolic coma, the metabolism may be depressed or normal and CBF is generally a reflection of brain metabolism with metabolic regulation being preserved. Following head trauma, the majority of adults exhibit decreased CMR02 and proportional decrease in CBF, also suggesting intact metabolic regulation. Recently, reports of increased CBF in the face of a decreased CMR02 have been reported post trauma2,3. This relative hyperemia has been reported to carry a poor prognosis. There is little information on the state of cerebral blood flow and metabolism in comatose children and the following study reports on determinations of global flow and oxygen metabolism in 18 comatose children.
Nuclear quadrupole relaxation of spin-3/2

Abstract Nonexponentiality of the nuclear quadrupole relaxation of spin - 3 2 was carefully examined for the nonextreme narrowing case. Two decay constants for 7 Li longitudinal relaxation in 11 M aqueous solution (D 2 O) of LiCI were determined. The ratio of two decay constants is interpreted on the basis of anisotropic reorientational motions of a hydration complex of lithium cation.
Reduced Intensity vs Myeloablative Conditioning for HLA Matched Sibling Transplantation in Follicular Lymphoma.

Several new reduced intensity conditioning regimens are being investigated for allogeneic transplantation. To evaluate their effects in follicular lymphoma, we studied outcome of HLA-identical sibling transplants in 205 recipients reported to the CIBMTR between 1997 and 2002. Only patients without prior allogeneic or autologous transplantation were included. Twenty-seven patients (13%) had follicular large cell (grade III) lymphoma; the remaining had grade I or II disease. 27% had chemotherapy-resistant disease and 32% had poor performance status prior to transplantation. Conditioning regimens were categorized as myeloablative (ABLAT; n=120) or reduced intensity (RIC; n=85). ABLAT was defined as total body irradiation (TBI) containing regimens with single fraction of ≥500 cGy, fractionated doses of ≥ 800 cGy, busulfan doses >9 mg/kg or melphalan doses >150 mg/m2. We defined RIC as TBI doses
Multiple accountabilities: development cooperation, transparency, and the politics of unknowing in Tanzania’s health sector

AbstractAccountability and transparency are considered best practices within development cooperation frameworks characteristic of global health practice today. In this article, I ask: How do accountability and transparency work, and for whom? I develop three main arguments. Drawing on Geissler’s concept ‘unknowing,’ I first demonstrate that global health actors are aware, yet strategically obscure, the instabilities and problematics of data and indicators in Tanzania. Second, I suggest that multiple and contradictory forms of accountability are pursued by global health actors, while this multiplicity is often unspoken in order to render accountability frameworks legitimate to sustain the existing development cooperation system. Third, I argue that foreign and Tanzanian actors within the health sector perpetuate accountability and development cooperation frameworks which are neither cooperative, nor accountable to citizens and purported beneficiaries of aid, because doing so allows actors to pursue interes...
DC-Link RMS Current Reduction by Increasing Paralleled Three-Phase Inverter Module Number for Segmented Traction Drive

This paper presents a three-phase inverter dc-link capacitor root-mean-square (RMS) current reduction method. The proposed method is especially suitable for high current electric drive applications while multiple switching devices have to be connected in parallel at the package level, such as Toyota Camry or Tesla Model S. This paper analyzed the proposed method theoretically using double Fourier analysis, and derived the optimal operating point. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the proposed method is also verified by simulation under different PWM strategies (SPWM, SVPWM, and DPWM1), carrier shapes (triangle and sawtooth), and power factors. The proposed dc-link capacitor current cancellation method could lead to smaller dc-link capacitor design; the system volume reduction and cost are also estimated with different number of device packages in parallel. The experimental results are also provided using a 6 kW SiC-based inverter prototype assuming three paralleled devices in each phase leg, which are consistent with the theoretical analysis and simulation results.
Zingerone and the mating success and field attraction of male melon flies (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Males of many Dacina (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) fruit fly species are attracted to either methyl eugenol (ME) or cue lure (CL) or its natural analogue raspberry ketone (RK). Recently, the compound zingerone (ZG) has also been shown to attract males of both ME- and CL/RK-responding Bactrocera species, and in the Queensland fruit fly, B. tryoni (Froggatt), males that fed on ZG had a mating advantage over non-fed males. The objective of this study was to determine whether ZG similarly enhanced mating success of CL/RK responding males of the melon fly, Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Coquillett) and to assess the relative attractiveness of CL and ZG to Z. cucurbitae males in the field. ZG was provided in 5 different formulations, including that used in the aforementioned work on B. tryoni. Mating trials were conducted in walk-in field cages containing potted plants, and in all cases 80 ZG-fed (treated) males competed with 80 control (non-fed) males for matings with 80 females. Contrary to B. tryoni, ZG did not confer a mating advantage to Z. cucurbitae males: the numbers of matings procured by treated and control males did not differ significantly for any of the 5 ZG formulations tested. A mark-release-recapture study showed that CL-baited traps significantly more Z. cucurbitae males than ZG-baited traps, which were, however, more attractive than control traps lacking any lure.
Annual ADEA Survey of Dental School Seniors: 2004 Graduating Class.

The American Dental Education Association (ADEA) conducts an annual survey of graduating seniors to obtain information about their financing of dental education, graduating indebtedness, practice and postdoctoral education plans following graduation, decision factors that influenced postgraduation
Fabrication of reducing atmosphere electrodes (fuel electrodes) by electroless plating of copper on BaZr0.9−xCexY0.1O3−δ – A proton-conducting ceramic

Abstract Copper appears to be an interesting fuel electrode material for proton-conducting ceramic electrolytes (such as BaZr0.9−xCexY0.1O3−δ) because it is stable at high temperatures in reducing and hydrocarbon-containing atmospheres. However, when deposited using organometallic Cu pastes/inks, these electrodes suffer from poor performance due to delamination issues and coating thickness (10–20 μm). Alternatively, electroless plating (ELP) is a method of depositing metal films – without utilizing electric power – that can achieve much thinner coatings than with pastes. In this work ELP of Cu was shown to be an alternative to Cu pastes for electrode fabrication on the non-electrically conductive, proton-conducting ceramic BaZr0.8Ce0.1Y0.1O3−δ. Pd, Ru, and Cu were investigated as activation catalysts, on which Cu was then plated. All three were found to produce thin electrodes (∼1 μm) with good electrode/electrolyte adhesion. Scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, x-ray fluorescence and x-ray diffraction were used to characterize the Cu-based ELP electrodes. Additionally, the ELP process was shown to be transferable to tubular substrates without significant modification to the procedure.
Civil society, populism and religion

This chapter addresses the paradoxical relationship of populist movements to civil society and to religion. It argues that while populist movements and religious associations emerge and flourish in civil society, the logic of populism and of politicized religion is antithetical to the underlying principles of civil society and, ultimately, to democracy itself. The chapter identifies the specific logic of populism ideal typically, and analyzes the difference between populist and other, self-limiting social movements. It explores the contemporary link between populism and religious identity politics. The chapter analyzes the tensions and affinities between populist logic and political religion. If the populist temptation and the lure of politicizing religion may be to stay, a vibrant open civil society remains the best hope for resisting these challenges and generating alternatives. Civil society is a contested concept. But every conception involves three parameters – plurality, publicity, and privacy, however variously they are interpreted.
Reference Standards for Cardiorespiratory Fitness Measured With Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing: Data From the Fitness Registry and the Importance of Exercise National Database.

Objective To develop standards for cardiorespiratory fitness by establishing reference values derived from cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPX) in the United States.
Use of Rainfall Data to Improve Ground-Based Active Optical Sensors Yield Estimates

Ground-based active optical sensors (GBAOS) have been successfully used in agriculture to predict crop yield potential (YP) early in the season and to improvise N rates for optimal crop yield. However, the models were found weak or inconsistent due to environmental variation especially rainfall. The objectives of the study were to evaluate if GBAOS could predict YP across multiple locations, soil types, cultivation systems, and rainfall differences. This study was carried from 2011 to 2013 on corn (Zea mays L.) in North Dakota, and in 2017 in potatoes in Maine. Six N rates were used on 50 sites in North Dakota and 12 N rates on two sites, one dryland and one irrigated, in Maine. Two active GBAOS used for this study were GreenSeeker and Holland Scientific Crop Circle Sensor ACS 470 (HSCCACS-470) and 430 (HSCCACS-430). Rainfall data, with or without including crop height, improved the YP models in term of reliability and consistency. The polynomial model was relatively better compared to the exponential model. A significant difference in the relationship between sensor reading multiplied by rainfall data and crop yield was observed in terms of soil type, clay and medium textured, and cultivation system, conventional and no-till, respectively, in the North Dakota corn study. The two potato sites in Maine, irrigated and dryland, performed differently in terms of total yield and rainfall data helped to improve sensor YP models. In conclusion, this study strongly advocates the use of rainfall data while using sensor-based N calculator algorithms.
Teaching Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy: The Use of the Treatment Summary

A written treatment summary to teach the concept of psychotherapeutic process is part of a seminar on psychoanalytic psychotherapy for PGY-III psychiatric residents. It supplements individual supervision and focuses particularly on the therapeutic engagement as reflected by clinical condition, motivational changes and the vicissitudes of transference, countertransference, therapeutic alliance, and resistance. The macroscopic view enables residents to assess better the positive impact of their efforts and of how psychotherapy works.
Testing the adaptive hypothesis of Batesian mimicry among hybridizing North American admiral butterflies

Batesian mimicry is characterized by phenotypic convergence between an unpalatable model and a palatable mimic. However, because convergent evolution may arise via alternative evolutionary mechanisms, putative examples of Batesian mimicry must be rigorously tested. Here, we used artificial butterfly facsimiles (N = 4000) to test the prediction that (1) palatable Limenitis lorquini butterflies should experience reduced predation when in sympatry with their putative model, Adelpha californica, (2) protection from predation on L. lorquini should erode outside of the geographical range of the model, and (3) mimetic color pattern traits are more variable in allopatry, consistent with relaxed selection for mimicry. We find support for these predictions, implying that this convergence is the result of selection for Batesian mimicry. Additionally, we conducted mark-recapture studies to examine the effect of mimicry and found that mimics survive significantly longer at sites where the model is abundant. Finally, in contrast to theoretical predictions, we found evidence that the Batesian model (A. californica) is protected from predation outside of its geographic range. We discuss these results considering the ongoing hybridization between L. lorquini and its sister species, L. weidemeyerii, and growing evidence that selection for mimicry predictably leads to a reduction in gene flow between nascent species.
The Application of Neutron Transport Codes to the Transport of Neutrals in Plasmas

The application of the linear Boltzmann equation as used in reactor and shielding problems to the transport of neutral atoms in a Tokamak-type plasma has been studied. The method was found to be generally valid with some limitations because of possible anisotropy of the plasma medium. Effective cross sections for the interaction of neutral atoms with an isotropic plasma were calculated and applied to the transport of hydrogen in a typical Oak Ridge Tokamak (ORMAK) plasma. The outer wall was found to have a significant effect in the hydrogen concentration.
The Neurobiology of Stress Throughout the Life Cycle

The study of stress is one of the most exciting areas within neurobiology and cognitive neuroscience. There has been a dramatic increase in scientific knowledge about physiological, anatomical, genetic, molecular, immunological, and psychological characteristics of adversity and its extraordinary ability to influence human development throughout the life cycle. Advances in the study of learning and memory, attachment, psychological trauma, and gene X environment interaction, to name a few, have created an increasingly sophisticated appreciation of biological, social, and psychological factors comprising the response to and impact of life’s challenges. This chapter will review recent contributions from studies among different fields and elucidate significant issues yet to be understood.
Cancer detection by quantitative fluorescence image analysis.

AbstractQuantitative fluorescence image analysis is a rapidly evolving biophysical cytochemical technology with the potential for multiple clinical and basic research applications. We report the application of this technique for bladder cancer detection and discuss its potential usefulness as an adjunct to methods used currently by urologists for the diagnosis and management of bladder cancer. Quantitative fluorescence image analysis is a cytological method that incorporates 2 diagnostic techniques, quantitation of nuclear deoxyribonucleic acid and morphometric analysis, in a single semiautomated system to facilitate the identification of rare events, that is individual cancer cells. When compared to routine cytopathology for detection of bladder cancer in symptomatic patients, quantitative fluorescence image analysis demonstrated greater sensitivity (76 versus 33per cent) for the detection of low grade transitional cell carcinoma. The specificity of quantitative fluorescence image analysis in a small con...
Modification of Head Droop during Conversation in a 3-Year-Old Visually Impaired Child: A Case Study:

This study demonstrates a systematic teaching procedure for eliminating head droop in a 3-year-old congenitally visually impaired child. Training consisted of physical prompting and the use of phys...
The Art of Conversation

A point of view that still provokes considerable controversy is Toulmin’s opinion that logic’s most important reason for being, in terms of its significance as a human function in human affairs, is as a practical method of working out some of the knots of social relationships. Logical theory, in Toulmin’s hierarchy of significant values, is clearly subordinate to logical practice (Toulmin, 1958:6). In his view: Logic is generalized jurisprudence. Arguments can be compared with law-suits, and the claims we make and argue for in extra-legal contexts with claims made in the courts, while the cases we present in making good each kind of claim can be compared with each other. (Toulmin, 1958:7)
Choriocapillaris flow impairment predicts the development and enlargement of drusen

To evaluate the choriocapillaris flow in regions of enlarged or new incident drusen in patients with early and intermediate age-related macular degeneration (AMD). We retrospectively reviewed and analyzed structural optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA) images of consecutive patients with early or intermediate AMD evaluated at the Doheny-UCLA Eye Centers between 2015 and 2018. All patients were imaged using a Cirrus OCT, and only one eye was included in the study. To be eligible for this analysis, patients were required to have a 3 × 3-mm OCTA scan acquired during the first visit (considered as baseline) and a fovea-centered 512 × 128 macular cube (6 × 6 mm) acquired at both the baseline visit and after a minimum of 1 year follow-up. The drusen maps generated from the macular cubes were used to generate a drusen area (DA) measurement and compute the difference between baseline and follow-up (ΔDA). After registering the structural OCTs to the baseline choriocapillaris (CC) OCTA, we analyzed and compared the baseline flow deficits (FD) within drusen-free region (FDDF), regions into which drusen enlarged or expanded at follow-up (FDEN), and regions in which new incident drusen (FDND) appeared at follow-up. Forty-six patients were eligible for the analysis and had a mean follow-up of 1.47 years. Twelve eyes of 12 subjects had a ΔDA < 0.1 mm2. In these eyes, only the FDDF was calculated (40.37 ± 2.29%) and it was not significantly different from the FDDF of eyes with ΔDA ≥ 0.1 mm2 (40.25 ± 4.37%, p = 0.849). When comparing the different regions within the eyes with ΔDA ≥ 0.1 mm2, there was no significant difference between FDED and FDND (43.61 ± 4.36% and 44.16 ± 2.38%, p = 528), but both were significantly higher than FDDF (p = 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). Significant CC flow impairment is present under regions of intact retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) where existing drusen will enlarge into or new drusen will appear within 2 years. These findings suggest that location of drusen may not be stochastic but may be driven by regional deficits in the choriocapillaris.
Evaluation of the effect of care at NCI comprehensive cancer centers (NCICCCs) on disparities in outcome within adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with cancer.

9512 Background: AYAs (15-39y at diagnosis) with cancer have not seen the survival improvement evidenced by younger and older age groups with similar diagnoses, leaving an AYA Gap. While treatment ...
Family History of Rheumatic, Autoimmune, and Nonautoimmune Diseases and Risk of Rheumatoid Arthritis

OBJECTIVE Since comorbidities such as autoimmune diseases may be associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) risk, we hypothesized that a family history of these other conditions might also predict RA. Therefore, we aimed to determine the association between family history of 79 comorbidities and RA. METHODS This case-control study identified 821 cases of RA in the Mayo Clinic Biobank (positive predictive value 95%) and matched 3 controls to each case based on age, sex, recruitment year, and location. Patients self reported family history and characteristics (adjusted). Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for RA risk according to the presence of family history for each comorbidity, adjusted for body mass index, race, and smoking. RESULTS Family history of several conditions was associated with developing RA, including rheumatic autoimmune diseases (ORadj 1.89 [95% CI 1.41-2.52]), pulmonary fibrosis (ORadj 2.12 [95% CI 1.16-3.80]), inflammatory bowel disease (ORadj 1.45 [95% CI 1.05-1.98]), hyper/hypothyroidism (ORadj 1.34 [95% CI 1.10-1.63]), and obstructive sleep apnea (ORadj 1.28 [95% CI 1.05-1.55]). Parkinson's disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus were associated with a statistically decreased risk of RA that did not reach the prespecified significance threshold of P < 0.01 (ORadj 0.70 [95% CI 0.49-0.98] and ORadj 0.81 [95% CI 0.67-0.97], respectively). Analyses among 143 cases of incident RA were similar and also suggested an association with a family history of autism (OR 10.5 [95% CI 2.51-71.3]). CONCLUSION Family history of several autoimmune and nonautoimmune comorbidities was associated with increased risk of RA, providing an opportunity to identify novel populations at risk for RA.
Do parent and self-report rating scales of executive function measure the same constructs with adolescents?

Objective: There are numerous measures of executive function (EF), yet the multiple definitions and constructions of EF suggest that these measures may not be measuring the same construct or domain...
Site preference of Y and Mn in nonstoichiometric Ba Ti O 3 from first principles

$\mathrm{Ba}\mathrm{Ti}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ is often doped with Y and/or Mn to realize a range of desired properties. Yet, existing canonical models of their defect chemistry cannot explain various observed phenomena outside of the high temperature electrical conductivity measurements to which they were fit. Existing models assume Y substitutes exclusively for Ba or Ti despite experiments showing Y is amphoteric, substituting predominantly for Ba or Ti depending on the cation nonstoichiometry. Existing models assume Mn forms isolated ${\mathrm{Mn}}_{\text{Ti}}$ exclusively, but experiments have shown complexes of ${\mathrm{Mn}}_{\mathrm{Ti}}$ with native oxygen vacancies (${\mathrm{Mn}}_{\mathrm{Ti}}\text{\ensuremath{-}}{\mathrm{v}}_{\text{O}}$) form in significant concentrations. Additionally, recent computational works in ${\mathrm{SrTiO}}_{3}$ suggest A-site substitutional defects may form in greater concentrations in a configuration with reduced symmetry relative to the on-site geometry. To address these inconsistencies, we developed a hybrid functional density functional theory informed grand canonical defect model with the ability to simulate specific nonstoichiometries without ad hoc assumptions about the bulk chemical potentials. Using this model, the site preference of Y and Mn in $\mathrm{Ba}\mathrm{Ti}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ as a function of the Ba/Ti ratio was evaluated in the context of a more complete set of defects including: native cation vacancies, on-site and reduced symmetry A-site defects, isolated B-site defects, and ${\mathrm{X}}_{\text{B}}\text{\ensuremath{-}}{\mathrm{v}}_{\text{O}}$ defects. The results reproduce experimental observations of yttrium's amphotericity and significant concentrations of ${\mathrm{Mn}}_{\mathrm{Ti}}\text{\ensuremath{-}}{\mathrm{v}}_{\text{O}}$. Both and Y and Mn are found to substitute predominantly for Ba at Ba/Ti = 0.99 and Ti at Ba/Ti = 1.01, but neither are found to substitute exclusively for Ba or Ti within the range of experimentally accessible Ba/Ti ratios at 1400 ${}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}\mathrm{C}$.
Handicap principle implies emergence of dimorphic ornaments

Species spanning the animal kingdom have evolved extravagant and costly ornaments to attract mating partners. Zahavi's handicap principle offers an elegant explanation for this: ornaments signal individual quality, and must be costly to ensure honest signalling, making mate selection more efficient. Here, we incorporate the assumptions of the handicap principle into a mathematical model and show that they are sufficient to explain the heretofore puzzling observation of bimodally distributed ornament sizes in a variety of species.
Brain health registry GenePool study: A novel approach to online genetics research.

Introduction Remote data collection, including the establishment of online registries, is a novel approach to efficiently identify risk for cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease (AD) in older adults, with growing evidence for feasibility and validity. Addition of genetic data to online registries has the potential to facilitate identification of older adults at risk and to advance the understanding of genetic contributions to AD. Methods 573 older adult participants with longitudinal online Brain Health Registry (BHR) data underwent apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotyping using remotely collected saliva samples and a novel, automated Biofluid Collection Management Portal. We evaluated acceptability of genetic sample collection and estimated associations between (1) sociodemographic variables and willingness to participate in genetics research and (2) APOE results and online cognitive and functional assessments. We also assessed acceptance of hypothetical genetics research participation by surveying a larger sample of 25,888 BHR participants. Results 51% of invited participants enrolled in the BHR genetics study, BHR-GenePool Study (BHR-GPS); 27% of participants had at least one APOE e4 allele. Older participants and those with higher educational attainment were more likely to participate. In the remotely administered Cogstate Brief Battery, APOE e4/e4 homozygotes (HM) had worse online learning scores, and greater decline in processing speed and attention, compared to e3/e4 heterozygotes (HT) and e4 non-carriers (NC). Discussion APOE genotyping of more than 500 older adults enrolled in BHR supports the feasibility and validity of a novel, remote biofluids collection approach from a large cohort of older adults, with data linkage to longitudinal online cognitive data. This approach can be expanded for efficient collection of genetic data and other information from biofluids in the future.
Aging-related olfactory loss is associated with olfactory stem cell transcriptional alterations in humans

Presbyosmia, or aging related olfactory loss, occurs in a majority of humans over age 65 years, yet remains poorly understood, with no specific treatment options. The olfactory epithelium (OE) in the nasal fossa is the peripheral organ for olfaction, and is subject to acquired damage, suggesting a likely site of pathology in aging. OE basal stem cells reconstitute the neuroepithelium in response to cell loss under normal conditions. In aged OE, patches of respiratory-like metaplasia have been observed histologically, consistent with a failure in normal neuroepithelial homeostasis or repair. Accordingly, we have focused on identifying cellular and molecular changes in presbyosmic OE. Combining psychophysical testing with olfactory mucosa biopsy analysis, single cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq), and human olfactory culture studies, we identified evidence for inflammation-associated changes in the OE stem cells of presbyosmic patients. The presbyosmic basal stem cells exhibited increased expression of genes involved in response to cytokines or stress, or the regulation of proliferation and differentiation. To facilitate further study of human OE stem cells, we developed an adult human basal cell culture model. Characterization of cultures using scRNA-seq confirmed maintenance of a reserve stem cell-like phenotype, and brief cytokine exposure in basal cell cultures resulted in increased expression of TP63, a transcription factor acting to prevent OE stem cell differentiation. Our data are consistent with a process by which aging-related inflammatory changes in OE stem cells may contribute to presbyosmia, via the disruption of normal epithelial homeostasis, suggesting that OE stem cells may represent a rational therapeutic target for restoration of olfaction.
Requirements and safety of vitamin A in humans

Night blindness and some eye disorders, which were well recognized in ancient Egypt, were treated by the topical application of juice squeezed from cooked liver or by prescribing liver in the diet [1]. This medical lore was lost over the centuries, and night blindness, called “this curious and obscure disease” by R.J.Hicks [2], a surgeon serving with the Confederate Army in the American Civil War, plagued armies throughout the world in the Nineteenth Century. The active principle of liver in treating eye disease was vitamin A, which was identified as a necessary fat-soluble factor for rat growth in 1913 and was structurally elucidated in 1930. The biological conversion of β-carotene into vitamin A was shown the same year. These early studies on vitamin A have been well reviewed [1, 3].
Electrochemical hydrogen pumping using a platinum catalyst made in a fluidized bed via atomic layer deposition

Abstract Platinum nanoparticle catalysts for electrochemical hydrogen pumping were synthesized on a functionalized powder carbon substrate (XC72R) using atomic layer deposition (ALD) in a fluidized bed reactor (FBR). Trimethyl(methylcyclopentadienyl)platinum(IV) (MeCpPtMe 3 ) was used as the reagent for platinum delivery. Following deposition, MeCpPtMe 3 ligands were combusted or hydrogenated to yield platinum on the XC72R surface. Reactions throughout the ALD cycle were monitored using mass spectrometry and IR spectroscopy to clarify the deposition chemistry. The resultant platinum catalysts were compared to commercial products in hydrogen pumping tests. Hydrogenation made finer, more dispersed, platinum nanoparticles that performed similarly to their commercial equivalent when pumping hydrogen. Conversely, oxygenation made a coarser catalyst that underperformed its commercial equivalent. Thus, altering chemistries shows potential for improving ALD catalyst performance.
An Overview of Integration Methods for Hypersingular Boundary Integrals

Several methods of analyzing the hypersingular gradient BIE have been developed recently. This paper is a review highlighting the numerous common aspects and several differences among the methods. Significant common aspects include (a) a regularizaron of constant and linear terms, (b) analysis of integration points near rather than on the surface, and (c) analysis of the neighborhood of the singular point rather than of individual elements.
Critical Role of Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Nucleus in a Wide Range of Behavioral Circadian Rhythms

The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) contains the brain's circadian pacemaker, but mechanisms by which it controls circadian rhythms of sleep and related behaviors are poorly understood. Previous anatomic evidence has implicated the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus (DMH) in circadian control of sleep, but this hypothesis remains untested. We now show that excitotoxic lesions of the DMH reduce circadian rhythms of wakefulness, feeding, locomotor activity, and serum corticosteroid levels by 78-89% while also reducing their overall daily levels. We also show that the DMH receives both direct and indirect SCN inputs and sends a mainly GABAergic projection to the sleep-promoting ventrolateral preoptic nucleus, and a mainly glutamate-thyrotropin-releasing hormone projection to the wake-promoting lateral hypothalamic area, including orexin (hypocretin) neurons. Through these pathways, the DMH may influence a wide range of behavioral circadian rhythms.
The role of cytochrome b6 and cytochrome f in cyclic electron flow in a blue-green alga

Abstract Cytochrome b 6 can be both photooxidized and photoreduced by Photosystem I in a cell-free preparation from the blue-green alga Nostoc muscorum. The cytochrome appears to have an oxidation-reduction potential near 0.0 V. The reduction of cytochrome b 6 when ferredoxin is added during Photosystem I illumination suggests that the cytochrome may function as a component of a ferredoxin-catalyzed cyclic electron transport pathway. In the presence of ferredoxin, the addition of ADP in the light results in oxidation of cytochrome b 6 and reduction of cytochrome f, suggesting the existence of a coupling site between the two cytochromes. An acceleration of the rate of the dark reduction of photooxidized cytochrome b 6 also observed on addition of ADP raises the possibility of a second coupling site on the reducing side of cytochrome b 6 .
Reducing unemployment through community efforts to improve the labor-management relations climate

Abstract McKersie and McKersie have noted that taking steps that effectively prevent plant closure and related job loss is better than treating the unemployment that follows plant closure. Many reasons for plant closure or relocation can be identified, but research has shown that a poor labor-management relations climate within a plant may be particularly significant in some cases. Two studies by the author have provided additional evidence that the labor-management relations climate is an important element affecting performance—and, therefore, the viability and continuity of production facilities. This article reports findings that a publicly supported agency (the Work in Northeast Ohio Council) with the mission of improving the labor-management relations climate and productivity has had a significant impact on climate (and implicitly on job retention) in plants where it has intervened. More important, it also examines the role of public policy and public support for private agency intervention to improve the labor-management relations climate as a means of preserving jobs and curbing unemployment.
Hands-on networking labs with embedded routers

We present extensions to the Embedded Xinu educational operating system that, when coupled with a target device like the Cisco-Linksys WRT54GL, provide for an extremely attractive hands-on laboratory platform in network courses. We present classroom and research lab evidence for the usefulness of this platform as a network education tool, and discuss its significance in the context of a wide spectrum of competitor systems. This project is part of a larger effort to bring cost-effective, hands-on embedded system laboratory experiences into systems courses throughout the undergraduate computer science core.
Aptameric inhibition of p210bcr-abl tyrosine kinase autophosphorylation by oligodeoxynucleotides of defined sequence and backbone structure

Abstract Protein tyrosine kinases play key roles in cellular physiology. Specific inhibitors of these enzymes are important laboratory tools and may prove to be novel therapeutic agents. In this report we describe a new class of tyrosine kinase inhibitor, synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs). An ODN is described which specifically inhibits p210bcr-abl tyrosine kinase autophosphorylation in vitro with a Ki of 0.5 microM. Inhibition is non-competitive with respect to ATP. The effects upon inhibitory activity of ODN structure modifications are described. The inhibition described is not mediated by classical antisense mechanisms and represents an example of the recently recognized aptameric properties of ODNs.
Exploring the Role of Risk in Employee Creativity

This paper argues that creative behavior requires an employee to be willing to engage risk. Aside from the discussion of risk propensity as an individual difference, a new situational variable will be developed and tested: willingness to take risks (WTR). WTR captures the employee's willingness to engage risks in their work and is positioned as an important influence on creative behavior. The results of a field study indicate that WTR is a significant predictor of employee creativity and, in addition, mediates the relationship between encouragement and creativity. The results are discussed in light of the current literature on employee creativity.
Determination of the stereospecific hydrolytic action of pepsin by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

Stereospecificity and reaction rate of enzymatic hydrolysis of racemic substrate by pepsin determined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Local smooth surface interpolation: a classification

Abstract A classification of algorithms for local smooth surface interpolation with piecewise polynomials is given.