cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Reaction to Mazoue's Deconstructed Campus.

Mazoue’s (J Comput High Educ, 2012) article, The Deconstructed Campus, is examined from the perspective of instructional design practice. Concerns center on: the knowledge base of precision instruction; the differential effectiveness of teaching procedural as opposed to declarative knowledge; the reliance on assessment of online learning; and the factors that would promote centralization of online instruction creation and subsequent restriction of choice among academic programs. Serious consequences for the long-term quality of online instruction, graduate programming, research, and the vetting of formal knowledge in the wake of losing our place-based universities are discussed.
Design of a large scale multimedia storage server

Abstract Large scale multimedia storage servers will be an integral part of the emerging distributed multimedia computing infrastructure. However, given the modest rate of improvements in storage transfer rates, designing servers that meet the demands of multimedia applications is a challenging task that needs significant architectural innovation. Our research project, called Massively-parallel And Real-time Storage ( mars ) architecture, is aimed at the design and prototype implementation of a large scale multimedia storage server. It uses some of the well-known techniques in parallel I/O, such as data striping and Redundant Arrays of Inexpensive Disks ( raid ) and an innovative atm based interconnect inside the server to achieve a scalable architecture that transparently connects storage devices to an atm -based broadband network. The atm interconnect within the server uses a custom asic called ATM Port Interconnect Controller ( apic ) currently being developed as a part of an arpa sponsored gigabit local atm testbed. Our architecture relies on innovative data striping and real-time scheduling to allow a large number of guaranteed concurrent accesses, and uses separation of metadata from real data to achieve a direct flow of the media streams between the storage devices and the network. This paper presents our system architecture; one that is scalable in terms of the number of supported users and the throughput.
Measurements of tubular fluid pH in vivo in rats.

IN recently reported micropuncture experiments on the mechanism of urine acidification in the rat, pH of tubular fluid was measured after the fluid had been withdrawn from the nephron1–4. A theoretical objection to this method is that carbonic acid may not be in equilibrium with carbon dioxide in the tubular lumen5,6. Withdrawal of the fluid would allow the reaction CO2 + H2O ⇄ H2CO3 to reach equilibrium quickly with the result that both the concentration of carbonic acid and the pH would change. That this may be the case is suggested by recent estimates of tubular fluid pH in vivo by Rector, using a series of indicator dyes7. His results suggest a much greater degree of acidification in the proximal tubule than previously thought from in vitro measurements.
Spatial memory testing decreases hippocampal amyloid precursor protein in young, but not aged, female rats

Using young and aged rats, we investigated relationships between amyloid precursor protein (APP) and working or reference memory, as well as assessed whether cognitive testing altered APP levels. In young rats, higher APP levels were related to more working memory errors as a linear function. Aged rats exhibited a curvilinear relationship between APP and working memory, with moderate APP levels associated with better relative performance. A comparison of rats that received cognitive testing with those that did not showed that testing decreased APP levels in young, but not aged, rats. Collectively, the data suggest that young and aged rats exhibit different relationships between APP and working memory, and that aged rats do not maintain the capacity to decrease APP in response to cognitive testing.
On the design of reflectors with prespecified distribution of virtual sources and intensities

We consider the problem of determining a reflecting convex surface transforming the energy flow from a given point source of light into an energy flow from a prescribed-in-advance set of virtual sources. This set may consist of a finite set of point sources or of distributed sources. The problem is studied in the geometrical optics approximation. The analytic formulation of the problem leads to a complicated nonlinear partial differential equation of Monge-Ampere type. Here, we formulate the problem in terms of certain associated measures and prove the existence of weak solutions.
The role of thematic congruence between a mood-inducing event and an advertised product in determining the effects of mood on brand attitudes

We report the results of two experiments that examine the role of thematic congruence between a mood-inducing event and an advertised product in determining the effects of mood on brand attitudes. Under incongruent conditions (manipulating mood using a sports stimulus followed by exposure to a casual shoe or casual shorts ad), positive mood affected attitudes by reducing the processing of ad message information. Under congruent conditions (manipulating mood using a sports stimulus followed by exposure to an athletic shoe or athletic shorts ad), positive mood affected attitudes by facilitating the processing of ad message information. The results suggest that whether positive mood reduces or facilitates message processing depends on the relation between how mood is manipulated and the topical areas for which the effects of mood are examined.
Role of B-color and Resolution Sonography Presets for the Diagnosis of Lower Extremity Deep Vein Thrombosis

Sonography is an accurate and commonly used method of determining the presence, location, and acuity of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). A retrospective data analysis of 284 venous examinations was performed to determine if imaging presets increase the ability to detect an acute DVT. There were no significant differences between the outcomes of three modalities of sonographic imaging. If a patient had a prior DVT, the likelihood of observing another DVT using only two-dimensional imaging, resolution presets, or the B-color option was approximately nine times greater than for a patient who did not have a prior DVT. Sex, age, body mass index, ethnicity, and comorbidities of diabetes and/or hypertension were not significant predictors of observing a DVT. Using a resolution-enhancing preset that increases the overall frequency range to reduce artifacts and improve border definition and/or using the B-color preset to tint the overall image did not improve the likelihood of detecting an acute DVT during a lower extr...
The dynamics of star dunes: an example from the Gran Desierto, Mexico

Observations of patterns of erosion and deposition and surface wind velocity and direction on a 40 m high star dune in the Gran Desierto sand sea indicate that interactions between dune form and airflow as winds change direction seasonally play a major role in the formation of this dune type. Such interactions lead to deposition of sand in the central parts of the dune, giving rise to its pyramidal shape, as well as to some extension of the linear arms. The major arms of the dune studied are oriented NE-SW, or transverse to summer SSE and winter NNW winds. An avalanche face up to 10 m high develops during the course of each season. Flow separation at the main crestline gives rise to a wide zone of lee side secondary flow which moves sand along the base of the avalanche face towards the central part of the dune, where it is deposited as wind ripples migrate into zones of locally reduced flow velocity. Reattachment of the separated flow occurs on the lower part of the N or S arms, parallel to the flow. Spring westerly winds move sand obliquely up the S and N arms of the dune and outwards on the E arm. Large scale flow separation and diversion are replaced by the development of strong helical eddies in the immediate lee of the main crestline which move sand along avalanche faces and into zones of lower flow velocity at the end of dune arms. Formation of star dunes in the Gran Desierto follows a sequence in which crescentic dunes migrating into areas of opposed winds first develop a reversing crestal ridge. Convergent leeside secondary flows are developed, which result in the formation of linear elements parallel to each major wind direction and the concentration of sand in the central part of the dune. Examples of star dunes at different stages of their development can be documented.
Reorganization of cellular retinol-binding protein type 1 and lecithin:retinol acyltransferase during retinyl ester biosynthesis.

Background Cellular retinol-binding protein, type 1 (Crbp1), chaperones retinyl ester (RE) biosynthesis catalyzed by lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT).
A2b Adenosine Receptor Regulates Hyperlipidemia and Atherosclerosis

Background—The cAMP-elevating A2b adenosine receptor (A2bAR) controls inflammation via its expression in bone marrow cells. Methods and Results—Atherosclerosis induced by a high-fat diet in apolipoprotein E–deficient mice was more pronounced in the absence of the A2bAR. Bone marrow transplantation experiments indicated that A2bAR bone marrow cell signals alone were not sufficient to elicit this effect. Intriguingly, liver expression of the A2bAR in wild-type mice was vastly augmented by a high-fat diet, raising the possibility that this upregulation is of functional significance. A2bAR genetic ablation led to elevated levels of liver and plasma cholesterol and triglycerides and to fatty liver pathology typical of steatosis, assessed by enzymatic assays and analysis of liver sections. Western blotting and quantitative polymerase chain reaction revealed elevated expression of the following molecules in the liver of A2bAR-null mice: the transcription factor sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 (SREBP-...
In Operando X-ray Diffraction and Transmission X-ray Microscopy of Lithium Sulfur Batteries

Rechargeable lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries hold great potential for high-performance energy storage systems because they have a high theoretical specific energy, low cost, and are eco-friendly. However, the structural and morphological changes during electrochemical reactions are still not well understood. In this Article, these changes in Li–S batteries are studied in operando by X-ray diffraction and transmission X-ray microscopy. We show recrystallization of sulfur by the end of the charge cycle is dependent on the preparation technique of the sulfur cathode. On the other hand, it was found that crystalline Li2S does not form at the end of discharge for all sulfur cathodes studied. Furthermore, during cycling the bulk of soluble polysulfides remains trapped within the cathode matrix. Our results differ from previous ex situ results. This highlights the importance of in operando studies and suggests possible strategies to improve cycle life.
Semi-infinite homological algebra

The paper provides a homological algebraic foundation for semi-infinite cohomology. It is proved that semi-infinite cohomology of infinite dimensional Lie algebras is a two-sided derived functor of a functor that is intermediate between the functors of invariants and coinvariants. The theory of two-sided derived functors is developed. A family of modules including a module generalizing the universal enveloping algebra appropriate to the setting of two sided derived functors is introduced. A vanishing theorem for such modules is proved.
RFIC loadpull simulations implementing best practice RF and mixed-signal design using an integrated agilent and cadence EDA tool

This paper describes the use of the newly developed Cadence to ADS dynamic link in loadpull simulations for BiCMOS RFIC design in a University environment. The process described here helps a designer achieve an integrated design environment where both RF design and traditional VLSI design principles can be applied in an integrated manner.
Comparison of Methods to Assess Medication Adherence and Classify Nonadherence

Background:Medication adherence is suboptimal, and clinicians and researchers struggle with identifying nonadherent patients. Various measures of medication adherence exist, but there is controversy regarding which measures provide acceptable data and how nonadherence should be defined.Objective:To assess agreement among patient self-report, pharmacy refill, and electronic adherence measures and compare the sensitivity and specificity of different cut-points for defining nonadherence.Methods:Data were analyzed from 2 similarly designed randomized controlled trials that assessed a pharmacist's intervention to improve medication adherence among patients with hypertension or heart failure. For each participant, adherence was measured by patient self-report, prescription refill records, and electronic lids on medication containers. Agreement among measures was assessed using Spearman's correlation coefficient rho. Correlation coefficients were compared by patient characteristics using Fisher's Z transformatio...
Commentary on: Epidural anesthesia as a thromboembolitic prophylaxis modality in plastic surgery.

In their article “Epidural Anesthesia as a Thromboembolitic Prophylaxis Modality in Plastic Surgery,” Dr. Hafezi and his coauthors presented a retrospective review of a series of 371 abdominoplasty-liposuction cases performed under epidural anesthesia and compared them to 24 historical controls performed under general anesthesia. While the topic of study is certainly worthwhile and research in this area is of great import, there are several issues with the authors’ methodology. First, in a case comparison study, there should be at least as many controls as there are actual treated participants for a valid comparison. Furthermore, this article provided no risk analysis or sufficient patient demographic data, such as height, body mass index, age, smoking status, or estrogen use, so that readers could determine whether the two groups were really comparable. Also, in 18 cases (4.8%), they were unable to achieve successful epidural anesthesia, and these cases were excluded from the final analysis. The authors relied on clinical criteria to diagnose deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE); therefore, their results almost certainly underestimate the frequency of these events. Despite these shortcomings, the authors are correct in their conclusion that the frequency of venous thromboembolism (VTE) is reduced when epidural anesthesia is selected instead of general anesthesia. This is well documented in the literature.1 Readers should keep in mind that epidural anesthesia should be only one component of a prophylaxis regimen because it does not confer ongoing protection and its effect is insufficient as the sole method of prophylaxis.1 The authors’ primary additional method of prophylaxis was ambulation. I find it curious how surgeons have latched on to ambulation as a key strategy for preventing DVT and PE when there is such scant evidence to prove that …
Patient-perceived usefulness of an emergency medical card and a continuity-of-care report in enhancing the quality of care

Objective To evaluate the patients' opinion on the usefulness of the electronic medical card (EMC) and continuity-of-care report in enhancing quality of care, and to assess the effects of the patient-entered data on the quality of data in the electronic medical record (EMR). Design A structured survey assessed patients' opinion on the usefulness of the EMC and continuity-of-care report. The accuracy of EMR data involved comparing the patient-entered data in the continuity-of-care report with the healthcare-provider-entered data in the EMR. The analysis assessed whether the EMR information was consistent with the patient-entered data. A data completeness evaluation compared data entries in the EMR collected before and after the use of continuity-of-care record application. Results One hundred and thirty-three patients used the application, of which 76% who had actually used the EMC and continuity-of-care report to seek medical care and/or update EMR information were surveyed. Age was associated with the reported usefulness of the documents. Few users (16%) printed the continuity-of-care reports to take to their healthcare providers for data updates and fewer (9%) to correct errors in the EMR. Overall, 68% of patients found the documents to be useful. Conclusions Patients reported that the EMC and continuity-of-care report were useful in enhancing quality of care. They were able to identify missing or erroneous data in the EMR data, making them an important source of quality control for their information in the healthcare-provider-maintained EMR.
Optimizing the performance of a PET detector using discrete GSO crystals on a continuous lightguide

The authors are designing a new detector for PET using discrete 4/spl times/4/spl times/10 mm/sup 3/ GSO crystals on a continuous lightguide with 39 mm PMTs. The Light Response Function (LRF) of a detector is the amount of light received by a PMT as a function of the source position. It has to be controlled by a careful design of the lightguide in order to identify 4 mm crystals. The ideal LRF should be narrow with a linear variation over the PMT diameter. Simulations show that a 1.81 cm thick lightguide produces a narrow LRF with good crystal discrimination. However, the tails of this LRF are long. A further improvement can be achieved by using a 2.31 cm lightguide with 5 mm slots cut in its front surface. This results in a sharp edged, almost triangular, LRF. The slotted lightguide also minimizes the spatial dependence on varying depths of interaction of the gamma ray. The effect of varying slot depths was also investigated through the simulations. This was done while keeping the thickness of the lightguide continuous area constant. Experiments were performed and shown to be in general agreement with the simulations. The good spatial resolution and narrow LRF of such a detector will result in a high resolution PET scanner with good count rate capability.
Bounded growth of the bullwhip effect under a class of nonlinear ordering policies

Abstract This paper analyzes the bullwhip effect in multi-echelon supply chains under a general class of nonlinear ordering policies. A describing-function approach from control theory is used to derive closed-form formulas to predict amplification of order fluctuations along the supply chain. It is proven that with consideration of nonlinearity in the ordering policy, the magnitude of the bullwhip effect will eventually become bounded after growing through the first few stages of the supply chain. It is also proven that the average customer demand as well as the demand fluctuation frequency would directly affect the bounded magnitude, while the suppliers’ demand forecasting method has no effect at all. For illustration, analytical results for a class of order-up-to policies are derived and verified by numerical simulations. The proposed modeling framework holds the promise to not only explain empirical observations, but also serve as the basis for developing counteracting strategies against the bullwhip effect.
School-based telemedicine: teachers', nurses' and administrators' perceptions.

In 1997, a telemedicine project began in Kansas which brought health-care directly into elementary schools using interactive video-links. The project initially involved four schools, but was expand...
Complexation and self-association of methyl aryl ethers

Abstract Previous evidence for complexation between 1-methoxynaphthalene and n-butyllithium involving changes in the chemical shift of the ether protons has been shown to be the result of solvent effects on a self-association of the ether. The characteristics of this association have been determined. Evidence for a complex and its stoichiometry has been obtained by observation of the n-butyllithium protons.
Stability of time-delay systems: equivalence between Lyapunov and scaled small-gain conditions

It is demonstrated that many previously reported Lyapunov-based stability conditions for time-delay systems are equivalent to the robust stability analysis of an uncertain comparison system free of delays via the use of the scaled small-gain lemma with constant scales. The novelty of this note stems from the fact that it unifies several existing stability results under the same framework. In addition, it offers insights on how new, less conservative results can be developed.
Feigning introspective blindness for thought

I argue that the very reasons Carruthers gives for why the "mindreading is prior" account should allow introspective access to perceptual/quasi-perceptual states, can be given for thought, as well. I also argue that we have good subjectively accessible grounds for the intuition in introspective thoughts, notwithstanding Carruthers' argument to the contrary and his attempt to explain the intuition away.
The Fog of Victory

The Meaning of Military Victory. By Robert Mandel. Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2006. 190 pp., $49.95 cloth (ISBN: 978-1-58826-423-7), $19.95 paper (ISBN: 978-1-58826-448-0). In 216 BCE, a Carthaginian army, which had recently humiliated the Romans in clashes along the Trebia River and near Lake Trasimene, enveloped and destroyed a massive Roman force near the village of Cannae. Having thus annihilated several consular armies, Hannibal, the brilliant Carthaginian commander, seemed poised to march on Rome itself and end that city's domination of the Italian peninsula. His reputation was so great after Trebia, Trasimene, and Cannae that no Roman military leader dared to confront him in a set-piece battle. But Hannibal failed to capitalize on his successes by besieging Rome, prompting Maharbal, a Carthaginian cavalry officer, to lament, “you know, Hannibal, how to win a fight; you do not know how to use your victory” (Livy 1965:151). “It is a great feat…to overcome one's enemies in a campaign,” observed the ancient historian Polybius (1979:418), “but it requires a great deal more skill…to make good use of such triumphs.” Achievements on the battlefield, no matter how impressive, do not automatically translate into larger political payoffs or durable peace settlements. Indeed, “those who have won victories,” noted Polybius (1979:418), “are far more numerous than those who have used them well.” Recognizing the difficulties that many national leaders have in seeing …
Inpatient Falls: Defining the Problem and Identifying Possible Solutions. Part I An Evidence-Based Review

In this 2 part series, analysis of the risk stratification tools that are available, definition for the scope of the problem, and potential solutions through a review of the literature are presented. A systematic review was used to identify articles for risk stratification and interventions. Three risk stratification systems are discussed, St Thomas's Risk Assessment Tool in Falling Elderly Inpatients, Morse Fall Scale, and the Hendrich Fall Risk Model. Of these scoring systems, the Hendrich Fall Risk Model is the easiest to use and score. Predominantly, multifactorial interventions are used to prevent patient falls. Education and rehabilitation are common themes in studies with statistically significant results. The second article presents a guide to implementing a quality improvement project around hospital falls. A 10-step approach to Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycles is described. Specific examples of problems and analysis are easily applicable to any institution. Furthermore, the sustainability of interventions and targeting new areas for improvement is discussed. Although specific to falls in the hospitalized patient, the goal is to present a stepwise approach which is broadly applicable to other areas requiring quality improvement.
Petrochemical Variations within the McCartys Basalt Flow, Valencia County, New Mexico

Analyses of 37 samples of the McCartys basalt collected along the length of the flow indicate the existence of considerable longitudinal variation. Near the vent:, the basalt is a quartz-normative tholeiite containing plagioclase phenocrysts; at distances greater than 4 km from the vent, it is an olivine-normative tholeiite containing olivine phenocrysts. Chemically, the quartz tholeiite is richer in silica, alumina, and lime but poorer in magnesia and ferrous oxide than is the olivine tholeiite. Vertical chemical variations are not significant.
Anti-Racist Racism as a Judicial Decree: Racism in the Twenty-First Century

Racism is the by-product of European imperialism. By definition, anti-racism is a prejudicial function linked with fear, stress, or various forms of power-loss anxiety. Data tends to show that not only are black adult males over-represented in the criminal justice system as the focus of said power-loss anxiety but their adolescent counterparts are as well. The fact that society tolerates the black male as a societal failure is a matter of anti-racist racism sanctioned by judicial decree. Furthermore, in its decree, the Supreme Court facilitated anti-racist racism via opposition to affirmative action enabling the most marginal among white applicants in lieu of non-white applicants whose racial contributions stood to move society as a whole forward. The most conscientious among the citizenry must then necessarily take it upon themselves to reverse judicial decree, i.e., anti-racist racism to meet the racial challenges of the twenty-first century and beyond.
Using Focus Groups to Discuss Sensitive Topics with Children

The Children's Health Awareness Project is presented as a case study of the use of focus groups for gathering sensitive information from children. General focus group techniques are described, as a...
Direct and indirect effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 on net ecosystem production in a Chesapeake Bay tidal wetland

The rapid increase in atmospheric CO2 concentrations (Ca) has resulted in extensive research efforts to understand its impact on terrestrial ecosystems, especially carbon balance. Despite these efforts, there are relatively few data comparing net ecosystem exchange of CO2 between the atmosphere and the biosphere (NEE), under both ambient and elevated Ca. Here we report data on annual sums of CO2 (NEEnet) for 19 years on a Chesapeake Bay tidal wetland for Scirpus olneyi (C3 photosynthetic pathway)- and Spartina patens (C4 photosynthetic pathway)-dominated high marsh communities exposed to ambient and elevated Ca (ambient + 340 ppm). Our objectives were to (i) quantify effects of elevated Ca on seasonally integrated CO2 assimilation (NEEnet = NEEday + NEEnight ,k g Cm � 2 y � 1 ) for the two communities; and (ii) quantify effects of altered canopy N content on ecosystem photosynthesis and respiration. Across all years, NEEnet averaged 1.9 kg m � 2 y � 1 in ambient Ca and 2.5 kg m � 2 y � 1 in elevated Ca, for the C3-dominated community. Similarly, elevated Ca significantly (P < 0.01) increased carbon uptake in the C4-dominated community, as NEEnet averaged 1.5 kg m � 2 y � 1 in ambient Ca and 1.7 kg m � 2 y � 1 in elevated Ca. This resulted in an average CO2 stimulation of 32% and 13% of seasonally integrated NEEnet for the C3- and C4-dominated communities, respectively. Increased NEEday was correlated with increased efficiencies of light and nitrogen use for net carbon assimilation under elevated Ca, while decreased NEEnight was associated with lower canopy nitrogen content. These results suggest that rising Ca may increase carbon assimilation in both C3- and C4-dominated wetland communities. The challenge remains to identify the fate of the assimilated carbon.
Excitons in coupled type-II double quantum wells under electric and magnetic fields: InAs/AlSb/GaSb

We calculate the wave functions and the energy levels of an exciton in double quantum wells under electric (F) and magnetic (B) fields along the growth axis. The result is employed to study the energy levels, the binding energy, and the boundary on the F–B plane of the phase between the indirect exciton ground state and the semiconductor ground state for several typical structures of the type-II quasi-two-dimensional quantum wells such as InAs/AlSb/GaSb. The inter-well inter-band radiative transition rates are calculated for exciton creation and recombination. We find that the rates are modulated over several orders of magnitude by the electric and magnetic fields.
Fibromyalgia Definition and Epidemiology

Fibromyalgia is a chronic, painful condition characterized by widespread pain and positive tender points on physical examination. Fibromyalgia affects about 2–3% of adults worldwide, although prevalence is lower in Asia. Women are more likely to have fibromyalgia than men. Fibromyalgia is co-morbid with other rheumatologic conditions, headaches, chronic fatigue syndrome, irritable bowel syndrome, depression, and anxiety. Patients with fibromyalgia experience substantial disability, healthcare utilization, and disease-related costs.
A cumulative shear mechanism for tissue injury initiation in shock-wave lithotripsy

Evidence suggests that inertial cavitation plays an important role in the renal injury incurred during shock-wave lithotripsy. However, it is unclear how tissue damage is initiated, and significant injury typically occurs only after a sufficient dose of shock waves. Although it has been suggested that shock-induced shearing might initiate injury, estimates indicate that individual shocks do not produce sufficient shear to do so. In this paper, we hypothesize that the cumulative shear of the many shocks is damaging. This mechanism depends on whether there is sufficient time between shocks for tissue to relax to its unstrained state. We investigate the mechanism with a physics-based simulation model, wherein the basement membranes that define the tubules and vessels in the inner medulla are represented as elastic shells surrounded by viscous fluid. Material properties are estimated from in-vitro tests of renal basement membranes and documented mechanical properties of cells and extracellular gels. Estimates for the net shear deformation from a typical lithotripter shock (0.1%) are found from a separate dynamic shock simulation. The results suggest that the larger interstitial volume (40%) near the papilla tip gives the tissue there a relaxation time comparable to clinical shock delivery rates (1 Hz), thus allowing shear to accumulate. Away from the papilla tip, where the interstitial volume is smaller (20%), the model tissue relaxes completely before the next shock would be delivered. Implications of the model are that slower delivery rates and broader focal zones should both decrease injury, consistent with some recent obser- vations. (E-mail: jbfreund@uiuc.edu) © 2007 World Federation for Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology.
Model Predictive Control of a Low Speed Munition

Munitions released from unmanned aerially systems have large dispersions from uncertainty in release conditions. A model predictive control scheme is developed to reduce dispersion using control surfaces near the tail. The control law uses a new low speed impact prediction algorithm to control impact in the target plane. Low speeds of unmanned aerially systems result in released munitions having large pitch angles, vertical velocities, and pitch rates rendering standard and modified linear theory ineffective tools for impact prediction. Modified linear theory is corrected for the case of low speed munitions resulting in improved impact prediction. Through simulation the dispersion reduction of the model predictive control strategy is evaluated.
A New Western Species of Chroogomphus

In the fall of 1964, Dr. Alexander H. Smith of the University of Michigan and I collected a rather large unknown agaric under a Douglas fir behind the headquarters building at the Priest River Experimental Forest in northern Idaho. It possessed a dry cuticle, amyloid pileus trama, as tested with Melzer's solution, long cystidia and subfusiform spores. It was without doubt a very unusual member of the genus Chroogomphus in the Gomphidiaceae. The robust size, dry cuticle, and caespitose habit of this fungus as well as the striking coloration of the stipe in the immature stages of development were different from any species yet encountered in the genus. Microscopically it had the thick-walled cystidia and the amyloid reactions of C. vinicolor (Peck) O. K. Miller.
Interfacial Stability and Misfit Dislocation Formation in InAs/Gaas(110) Heteroepitaxy

A comprehensive atomic-scale study is presented of the mechanical behavior of the InAs epitaxial film, the interfacial stability with respect to misfit dislocation formation, and the film surface morphology in InAs/GaAs(110) heteroepitaxy. If a GaAs buffer layer of ten-monolayer thickness is used in the epitaxial growth, a transition is predicted from a coherent to a semi- coherent interface consisting of a regular array of edge interfacial misfit dislocations at a critical film thickness of six monolayers. A second transition to a semicoherent interface consisting of a completely developed network of perpendicularly intersecting misfit dislocations is predicted at thicknesses greater than 150 monolayers. Our simulation results are in excellent agreement with recent experimental data.
Wireless stethoscope for recording heart and lung sound

Wireless stethoscopes are convenient for continuous patient monitoring. This paper presents a new method of analyzing acoustic properties of the heart and lung sounds using a wearable wireless stethoscope. Cardiac action parameters were extracted from the recorded digitized heart sound and analyzed. The cardiac pulse and lung sound parameters can provide detailed insights into cardiac and breathing actions. Hardware implementation of the wireless stethoscope is presented. Recorded heart and lung sounds were transmitted wirelessly to a receiver module connected to a computer. The data passed through a digital filter and normalized by amplitude scaling. The processed results were shown in the time, frequency, and time-frequency domains. The S1 and S2 acoustic properties were analyzed in details. The system aims as an electronic wearable for continuous medical diagnosis.
The Cambridge Introduction to Nathaniel Hawthorne: Hawthorne's critics

Hawthorne has been a subject of serious study ever since Henry James's 1879 book ( Hawthorne ) in the American Men of Letters series, and critics have approached his writing from many angles. Most recent studies have used historical approaches, emphasizing either his use of older historical settings, particularly seventeenth-century Puritan New England, or his connections to the nineteenth-century world in which he wrote. Hawthorne knew his history, but the trend in Hawthorne scholarship, as it is generally in American literary studies, is toward stressing the cultural context offered by the politically volatile world in which he lived. The decade of the 1990s was dominated by New Historicist analyses of Hawthorne and his writing that place him within that culture, often unflatteringly, because of his relatively conservative views toward questions of gender, class, and race. More recent criticism seems to be taking a more balanced view. Biography The most thorough modern biography is James R. Mellow's Nathaniel Hawthorne in His Times (1980). As his title suggests, Mellow pays attention to the historical and social context of Hawthorne's experience, and he provides detailed accounts of events in Hawthorne's life. Mellow's biography overshadowed Arlin Turner's Nathaniel Hawthorne , published in the same year, but Turner also emphasizes the connections between Hawthorne's writing and his culture. Since Mellow's and Turner's, most biographical treatments of Hawthorne have become more pointedly focused. Edwin Haviland Miller's Salem Is My Dwelling Place (1991) focuses on Hawthorne's personality, emotions, and family relationships.
Structural and metabolic correlates of cell injury in the hypertrophied myocardium during valve replacement.

To characterize the ultrastructural and metabolic changes occurring in the hypertrophied ventricle during cardiac operations in man, we studied 36 patients with valvular heart disease undergoing valve replacement, during which multiple doses of cold potassium cardioplegic solution were administered (Group I). Each patient had substantial ventricular hypertrophy according to measurements made of left ventricular mass, with a mean of 232.1 ± 19.8 gm/m2 (normal: 92 ± 16 gm/m2). Serial biopsy specimens were obtained from the left ventricular apex at the initiation of bypass, during the cross-clamp interval, and during reperfusion. Each specimen was scored from 0 to 4 according to ischemic changes in nuclear chromatin, mitochondrial swelling, myofibrillar edema, glycogen depletion, and overall cell morphology. Myocardial pH and temperature were measured continuously in the left ventricular free wall. During the cross-clamp period, ischemic injury was evidenced by changes in nuclear chromatin (0.38 ± 0.10 to 1.25 ± 0.21, p
Biochemical pharmacology of lipophilic diaminopyrimidine antifolates in mouse and human cells in vitro.

Four lipophilic 2,4-diaminopyrimidine antifolates, 2,4-diamino-5-(1-adamantyl)-6-ethylpyrimidine (DAEP), 2,4-diamino-5-(1-adamantyl)-6-methylpyrimidine (DAMP), 2,4-diamino-5-(39,49-dichlorophenyl)-6-methylpyrimidine (DDMP), and 2,4-diamino-5-(p-chlorophenyl)-6-ethylpyrimidine (PRM), were examined in cultures of several mouse and human cell lines and compared with methotrexate (MTX). Unlike MTX, the diaminopyrimidines not only inhibited dihydrofolate reductase, but were found to have a second, folate-independent site of action as judged by growth inhibition in a medium supplemented with the products of folate-dependent reactions (hypoxanthine, thymidine, and glycine). With respect to this site of inhibition, DAEP, DAMP, and DDMP were equipotent, with an ID50 for all cells in the range of 5-50 µM. The second site did not concern DNA polymerases α,β, or γ (EC 2.7.7.7), and excess methionine did not alleviate the inhibition. When folates in the medium were present at concentrations adequate for optimal growth (folic acid and N5-methy-H4 folic acid at 1 µM, folinic acid at 0.01 µM), the growth inhibitory potency of DAMP was the same. Increased concentrations of folinic acid protected the cells against DAMP to a certain degree, but not as well as hypoxanthine and thymidine. This is unlike MTX, which is competitively antagonized by folinic acid. Folinic acid and the products could also, to a limited degree, rescue cells preexposed to DAMP. Under folate-dependent conditions the growth of human cells was, on the average, four to eight times less sensitive to inhibition by DAEP, DAMP, and DDMP than that of mouse cells. This is unlike MTX. Neither the velocity or extent of cellular uptake of diaminopyrimidines nor the level of dihydrofolate reductase (EC 1.5.1.3) or the activity of TMP synthetase (EC 2.1.1.6) correlated with these sensitivities. No cellular metabolism of DAMP or DDMP was detected. The apparent affinities of the diaminopyrimidines to human and mouse dihydrofolate reductases may help explain the different sensitivities of cells to growth inhibition. While DAEP was the most potent growth inhibitor, with an ID50 in the 1 to 40 nM range for all cells examined, the average ID50 values for DAEP, DAMP, DDMP, and PRM related as 1:4:13:300. The true Ki values for DAEP, DAMP, and DDMP were 0.14, 0.68, and 2.1 nM, respectively, for the dihydrofolate reductase purified from MTX-resistant S-180 cells and 0.14, 0.43, and 1.0 nM, respectively, for the enzyme of MTX-resistrant KB cells. There was a positive correlation between the ID50 values for growth inhibition by the various compounds and the Ki values for dihydrofolate reductase.
Me and Bill: Connecting Black Curriculum Orientations to Critical Race Feminism

It was a long, long drive. I traveled through central and north Texas, Arkansas, and Missouri for 2 days before crossing the state line from Missouri to Illinois. The drive gave me a lot of time to...
Psychosocial issues. Unanswered questions in the use of bone marrow transplantation for treatment of hemoglobinopathies.

PURPOSE: This article addresses some of the psychosocial issues of bone marrow transplantation for treatment of hemoglobinopathies. The central focus is on the importance of attending to the experiences of minority patients and their families. Findings of recent studies relative to issues of bone marrow donation provide some framework for this analysis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Unanswered questions are posed by hypothetical parents to raise critical questions and to highlight the importance of truly informed consent in shared decision making. CONCLUSIONS: Recommendations for researchers and care-givers are for more personal contacts and dialogues with patients and families. There should also be involvement in grass roots activities, with attention to assessing the efficacy of bone marrow transplantation, as well as emphasizing minority representation in the process.
Portraits of Transcendent Relators

One year, shortly after her high school classes began, I mentioned to another faculty member that Lauren was in my class. Lauren has cerebral palsy and was virtually wheelchair bound. She had short dark hair, and large dark eyes. The teacher I spoke with immediately began to comment about Lauren’s wonderfully positive attitude and her strong commitment to learning.
The New-Old Interest in Roman Foodways

What and how the Romans ate has long been of popular and academic interest, benefiting from a rich body of evidence from textual, iconographic, artefactual and environmental sources. Scholarly publications on Roman dietary practices have increased over the past hundred years, particularly in the last two decades. To what extent does the contemporary discourse on food influence this scholarship? This paper attempts to explain the growth in interest in this topic by examining the trends in scholarship on Roman food production and consumption over the past century. DOI:10.2458/azu_jaei_v10i1_blake
Bortezomib Induces Rapid Upregulation of Topoisomerase IIα and Demonstrates Schedule-Dependent Synergistic Cytotoxicity with Anthracyclines and Etoposide in Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Myeloma Cell Lines.

Abstract The proteasome inhibitor bortezomib (BZ) has significant antineoplastic activity in multiple myeloma, lymphoma and acute leukemia. Recently, it has been shown that BZ can potentiate the activity of other antitumor agents in vitro. Topoisomerase IIα (topo IIα) is known to be regulated by proteasomal degradation, suggesting that proteasomal inhibition might increase intracellular topo IIα levels and thereby enhance sensitivity to topo IIα-targeted agents, including etoposide, daunorubicin and mitoxantrone. Incubation with sublethal concentrations of BZ led to rapid upregulation of topo IIα protein levels in the human TF-1 AML cell line, the human 8226 myeloma cell line and the 8226-derived, topo IIα-deficient, anthracycline-resistant Dox1V line (kindly provided by William S. Dalton), as measured by Western blot assay. Enhanced topo IIα expression was evident at 3 hrs, peaked at 6 hrs and fell off markedly 24 hrs after BZ addition. Maximal upregulation was 25–90 fold as measured by optical densitometry. BZ induced a shift in the apparent molecular weight of topo IIα, suggesting that upregulation resulted, at least in part, from the stabilization of the ubiquitinated form(s) of the enzyme following proteasomal inhibition. The kinetics of topo IIα upregulation inversely correlated with measured 20S proteasomal activity, further supporting a post-translational mechanism. Nuclear extracts prepared from BZ-treated cells showed a corresponding 36-fold increase in topo IIα enzymatic activity. The cytotoxicity of BZ in combination with other antineoplastic agents was evaluated by MTT assay. Synergistic cytotoxicity was observed for BZ plus mitoxantrone, etoposide or daunorubicin, but no significant augmentation was observed in this system for BZ plus cytarabine, melphalan, camptothecin, dexamethasone, vincristine or fludarabine. In TF-1 AML cells, sublethal doses of BZ reduced the IC50 for daunorubicin, mitoxantrone and etoposide 16-, 52- and 22-fold, respectively. In 8226 myeloma cells, BZ enhanced sensitivity to daunorubicin and etoposide 11- and 4-fold, respectively. Importantly, BZ treatment overcame chemoresistance in topo IIα-deficient Dox1V myeloma cells, enhancing the sensitivity to daunorubicin and etoposide 110- and 7- fold, respectively. The observed synergy was sequence-dependent and correlated with BZ-induced upregulation of topo IIα. Maximal synergy occurred within 3–6 hrs of BZ pretreatment and diminished after 24 hrs. Minimal synergy occurred when topo IIα-targeted agents preceded BZ by ≥ 6 hrs. These findings demonstrate that BZ has synergistic cytotoxic effects with topo IIα-targeted agents in AML and myeloma cell lines, which correlate with BZ-induced upregulation of topo IIα protein and nuclear enzymatic activity. Furthermore, these data provide a rationale for timed-sequential cytotoxic therapy in patients with hematologic malignancies.
3.1 Ga crystallization age for magnesian and ferroan gabbro lithologies in the Northwest Africa 773 clan of lunar meteorites

Abstract The Northwest Africa (NWA) 773 clan of meteorites is a group of paired and/or petrogenetically related stones that contain at least six different lithologies: magnesian gabbro, ferroan gabbro, anorthositic gabbro, olivine phyric basalt, regolith breccia, and polymict breccia. Uranium-lead dates of baddeleyite in the magnesian gabbro, ferroan gabbro, and components within breccia lithologies of paired lunar meteorites NWA 773, NWA 3170, NWA 6950, and NWA 7007 indicate a chronologic link among the meteorites and their components. A total of 50 baddeleyite grains were analyzed and yielded weighted average 207Pb-206Pb dates of 3119.4 ± 9.4 (n = 27), 3108 ± 20 (n = 13), and 3113 ± 15 (n = 10) Ma for the magnesian gabbro, ferroan gabbro, and polymict breccia lithologies, respectively. A weighted average date of 3115.6 ± 6.8 Ma (n = 47/50) was calculated from the baddeleyite dates for all lithologies. A single large zircon grain found in a lithic clast in the polymict breccia of NWA 773 yielded a U-Pb concordia date of 3953 ± 18 Ma, indicating a much more ancient source for some of the components within the breccia. A U-Pb concordia date of apatite and merrillite grains from the magnesian gabbro and polymict breccia lithologies in NWA 773 is 3112 ± 33 Ma, identical to the baddeleyite dates. Magnesian and ferroan gabbros, as well as the dated baddeleyite and Ca-phosphate-bearing detritus in the breccia lithologies, formed during the same igneous event at about 3115 Ma. These data also strengthen proposed petrogenetic connections between magnesian and ferroan gabbro lithologies, which represent some of the youngest igneous rocks known from the Moon.
On Adjacent Channel Co-Existence With Receiver Nonlinearity

RF front-end nonlinearity makes receivers vulnerable to adjacent channel interference that significantly impacts receiver performance. Next generation (5G) wireless networks will see unprecedented diversity across receiver and radio technologies accessing the same band of spectrum in spatio-temporal vicinity. Ensuring adjacent channel co-existence is of prime importance for successful deployment and operations of 5G systems. In this paper, we develop a fundamental framework to analyze the adjacent channel co-existence by quantifying the impact of receiver RF front-end nonlinearity on performance. We develop novel tractable discrete representation of third order intermodulation, cross-modulation, and compressive distortion of the receiver front end to describe adjacent channel interference using unit basis vectors. We further analyze the impact of nonlinearity on receiver performance by evaluating the limits on achievable rate accounting for RF front-end nonlinearity. Based on this analysis we provide a framework to compare disparate receivers by forming generalized metrics. We then use these metrics to quantify the performance detriment for a reference input spectrum. We illustrate the importance of the proposed frameworks and the ensuing rate analysis for reference inputs for adjacent channel co-existence analysis and quantifying receiver performance.