cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
17β-Estradiol Regulates miR-9-5p and miR-9-3p Stability and Function in the Aged Female Rat Brain

Clinical studies demonstrated that the ovarian hormone 17β-estradiol (E2) is neuroprotective within a narrow window of time following menopause, suggesting that there is a biological switch in E2 action that is temporally dependent. However, the molecular mechanisms mediating this temporal switch have not been determined. Our previous studies focused on microRNAs (miRNA) as one potential molecular mediator and showed that E2 differentially regulated a subset of mature miRNAs which was dependent on age and the length of time following E2 deprivation. Notably, E2 significantly increased both strands of the miR-9 duplex (miR-9-5p and miR-9-3p) in the hypothalamus, raising the possibility that E2 could regulate miRNA stability/degradation. We tested this hypothesis using a biochemical approach to measure miRNA decay in a hypothalamic neuronal cell line and in hypothalamic brain tissue from a rat model of surgical menopause. Notably, we found that E2 treatment stabilized both miRNAs in neuronal cells and in the rat hypothalamus. We also used polysome profiling as a proxy for miR-9-5p and miR-9-3p function and found that E2 was able to shift polysome loading of the miRNAs, which repressed the translation of a predicted miR-9-3p target. Moreover, miR-9-5p and miR-9-3p transcripts appeared to occupy different fractions of the polysome profile, indicating differential subcellular. localization. Together, these studies reveal a novel role for E2 in modulating mature miRNA behavior, independent of its effects at regulating the primary and/or precursor form of miRNAs.
Transgender Youth Experiences with Implantable GnRH Agonists for Puberty Suppression

This descriptive study reports caregiver experiences with GnRH agonist implants among a cohort of youth followed in a pediatric hospital-based gender clinic. We administered a survey to 36 of 55 el...
Growth evolution of high-quality MOCVD aluminum nitride using nitrogen as carrier gas on the sapphire substrate

We report the growth evolution of high-quality epitaxial aluminum nitride using nitrogen as carrier gas on the sapphire substrate using MOCVD. A series of samples were grown with thickness varying from 1 to 4 μm utilizing a two-step process without any interlayer. SEM/AFM data showed voids up to 3 µm thickness along the growth direction, aiding to grow thicker layers and achieve low dislocation densities. For the 4 μm thick sample, XRD studies showed the FWHM of 289 arcsec of the rocking curve for (10ī2) plane and total calculated dislocation density 1.1 × 109 cm−2 using Williamson and Hall procedure. Raman's study showed the E2 (high) phonon peak linewidth of 3.4 cm−1 at around 659 cm−1, showing significantly low compressive stress of 0.59 GPa for 4 µm thick AlN. This study shows a simplified and economical method to grow high-quality AlN using N2 as a carrier gas.
Histiocytosis X and acute monocytic leukemia: Biologic illustration of the monocyte phagocytic system

The concept of a mononuclear phagocytic system consisting of a continuum of cells arising from the bone marrow monoblast and terminating in the mature tissue macrophage is being actively investigated. The presentation of documented acute monocytic leukemia 18 months following the confirmed diagnosis of histiocytosis X in a 39-year-old man strongly supports the concept of the mononuclear phagocytic system lineage.
Panic-related disorders:: Evidence for efficacy of the antidepressants

Abstract Literature examining the efficacy of antidepressants for treating patients with panic-related disorders is reviewed. The majority of studies support their effectiveness in treating patients with panic attacks and phobic avoidance behavior. While significant advances have been made, important questions remain. Optimal duration of treatment, predictors of relapse upon withdrawal of medication, dose-response relationships, and relative effects of pharmacological and behavioral treatments have yet to be ascertained. The need for standardization of studies including dosage and duration of treatment variables and use of comparable outcome measures are indicated to enhance our understanding of the optimal use of antidepressants in panic-related disorders.
Transluminal arterial dilation of a postsurgical stenosis of renal artery implant in a child with recurrent hypertension.

Renal artery stenosis accounts for 12% of secondary causes of hypertension1 and must be considered in the evaluation of a child with sustained hypertension. The surgical treatment for renal artery stenosis is preferably renovascular reconstruction or partial or complete nephrectomy if the former procedure is not possible.2 In recent years, percutaneous angioplasty has been performed in adult patients with renal artery stenosis with encouraging results.3,4 However, there has been little experience with this procedure in pediatric patients. This report describes the successful use of this technique in a 4½-year-old boy with recurrent hypertension following renal artery reconstruction for unilateral stenosis.
A Note on the Estimation of Cay

The variable cay identified by Lettau and Ludvigson (2001) and reported on their websites contains an error in the calculation of labor income. In particular, the line "Other" from NIPA tables is double-counted. This paper documents the error and reviews the potential biases it may create. All papers that have used cay data downloaded from Martin Lettau's website in 2004-2007 may be affected by this bookkeeping error. As of June 2007 (after this note was sent to the authors), the mistake has been corrected.
Web page clustering using heuristic search in the web graph

Effective representation of Web search results remains an open problem in the Information Retrieval community. For ambiguous queries, a traditional approach is to organize search results into groups (clusters), one for each meaning of the query. These groups are usually constructed according to the topical similarity of the retrieved documents, but it is possible for documents to be totally dissimilar and still correspond to the same meaning of the query. To overcome this problem, we exploit the thematic locality of the Web--relevant Web pages are often located close to each other in the Web graph of hyperlinks. We estimate the level of relevance between each pair of retrieved pages by the length of a path between them. The path is constructed using multi-agent beam search: each agent starts with one Web page and attempts to meet as many other agents as possible with some bounded resources. We test the system on two types of queries: ambiguous English words and people names. The Web appears to be tightly connected; about 70% of the agents meet with each other after only three iterations of exhaustive breadth-first search. However, when heuristics are applied, the search becomes more focused and the obtained results are substantially more accurate. Combined with a content-driven Web page clustering technique, our heuristic search system significantly improves the clustering results.
Enhancement of Ca++ Uptake by Lactose in the Rat Small Intestine

In previous experiments, lactose was shown to increase the absorption of Ca++ by the small intestine of the rat and other mammals. To further investigate the mechanism of the lactose effect, Ca++ uptake was studied in everted gut sac preparations. Gut sacs from the rat ileum were preincubated with or without lactose for 45 minutes, and then the tissue uptake of 45Ca over the first 3 minutes was measured in the presence or absence of lactose. The presence of 160 mM lactose increased the initial rate of Ca++ uptake in the first minute by 64% compared to the NaCl control. The lactose effect was dependent on the presence of lactose in the preincubation medium only and not on the presence of lactose during the measurement of Ca++ uptake. Lactose increased Ca++ absorption when the Ca++ concentrations ranged from 0.1 to 10 mM. However, the magnitude of the enhancement was dependent on the lactose concentration and was reduced below 160 mM lactose. When Ca++ and lactose uptake during a 45 minute period was measured in parallel experiments, no evidence for the co-transport of lactose and Ca++ into the tissue was found. These and other data indicated that lactose is not interacting directly with Ca++ in solution but is interacting with the absorptive cells of the intestine to increase their permeability to Ca++.
Space Perception, Development of

The development of space perception refers to the changing processes that take place within an organism that make possible the control of action based on knowledge of the three-dimensional layout of the environment. Development refers to both the consequences of experience and the maturation of sensory and perceptual mechanisms. Keywords: infancy; depth perception; pictorial depth cues; binocular depth cues; motion-carried depth
Treatment of stage I lung cancer in high-risk and inoperable patients: SBRT vs. RFA vs. sublobar resection

www.annalscts.com Background Although surgical resection for early stage lung cancer is the mainstay of treatment, many patients are inoperable at the time of presentation due to either disseminated disease or medical comorbidities (1). Novel strategies are currently being developed to treat early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in this expanding population of highrisk and inoperable patients. Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) modifies traditional radiation techniques to provide a high-dose per fraction of radiation to the tumor which is administered over a few fractions. This allows for effective tumor ablation with preservation of the surrounding tissue due to steep dose gradients. Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) utilizes CT-guided placement of a radiofrequency-emitting probe. As frictional heat energy from the probe is transferred to the tumor, cancer cells undergo coagulation necrosis. In an effort to expand the population of operable patients, many groups are currently exploring the use of sublobar resection to treat early stage tumors. Early evidence suggests that sublobar resection may provide satisfactory oncologic outcomes while avoiding the morbidity of standard lobectomy in patients with poor pulmonary reserve (2). Three major clinical trials have been developed to investigate the use of these different modalities to treat early stage lung cancer in inoperable or high-risk patients. A recently published trial, RTOG 0236, is a North American phase II trial of SBRT in patients with stage I NSCLC deemed inoperable by a surgeon or a pulmonologist. The study showed a local control rate of 90.6% at three years, and disease-free survival and overall survival at three years were 48.3% and 55.8%, respectively (3). ACOSOG Z4032 is a phase III randomized controlled trial that compared sublobar resection to sublobar resection with brachytherapy for the treatment of stage I NSCLC. Thirty- and 90-day outcomes from this study have recently been published (4). In addition, threeyear results were presented at the 2013 American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) meeting, showing a similar rate of local recurrence for those treated with sublobar resection (12.8%) versus sublobar resection with brachytherapy (12.5%) (5). Overall survival was comparable between the groups (sublobar resection =71%, sublobar resection with brachytherapy =72%). Lastly, ACOSOG Z4033 is a phase II prospective nonrandomized study examining high-risk patients with stage I NSCLC treated with RFA. This study has completed accrual, but survival and recurrence data have not yet matured. We conducted a comparison of selection criteria and short-term outcomes for these three studies.
Antigenic Relationship Between Serotype-Specific Agglutinogen and Fimbriae of Bordetella pertussis

Abstract The widely held view that the filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) of Bordetella pertussis is derived from fimbriae (pili) is not supported by studies of fimbriation and FHA content of the organism. Fimbriae do not label specifically with antibody to FHA in immuno-electron microscopy but do label with antibody to serotype-specific agglutinogen.
Brefeldin A-induced apoptosis in prostatic cancer DU-145 cells: a possible p53-independent death pathway.

Objective To investigate the growth inhibitory mechanism of brefeldin A (BFA), an antiviral antibiotic, in androgen-independent prostatic cancer DU-145 cells. Materials and methods The inhibitory effects of BFA (30 ng/mL) on cell growth were monitored by cell counting and viability tests after specified exposures. Flow cytometry and western immunoblot analysis were performed to examine the effects of BFA on the cell cycle and on specific growth regulators. The possible induction of apoptosis by BFA was further assessed by in situ hybridization (ISH) assay and by qualitative DNA analysis using agarose-gel electrophoresis. Results Cell growth was completely inhibited with BFA (30 ng/mL), accompanied by 40–50% cell death. Cell cycle analysis revealed that this growth inhibition coincided with an 85% reduction in the S-phase cell population. Western blots showed that the expression of cell cycle-dependent kinases (cdk2 and cdk4), cyclin D1 and p53 was significantly reduced, while WAF1 was increased, after BFA treatment. Apoptosis was confirmed by both the ISH assay, which showed the characteristic brownish staining of BFA-treated cells, and by DNA analysis, which revealed the internucleosomal DNA ladder. Conclusion BFA-induced growth inhibition in DU-145 cells is primarily due to the modulation of specific G1 cell-cycle regulators, blocking the G1–S phase progression. Such a growth arrest ultimately results in apoptosis, presumably through a p53-independent pathway.
Biodisposition and metabolism of [18F]fluorocholine in 9L glioma cells and 9L glioma-bearing fisher rats

Purpose [18F]Fluorocholine ([18F]FCH) was developed as an analog of [11C]choline for tumor imaging; however, its metabolic handling remains ill defined. In this study, the metabolism of [18F]FCH is evaluated in cultured 9L glioma cells and Fisher 344 rats bearing 9L glioma tumors.
Subfractionation of rat liver microsomes: effects of phenobarbital and 3-methyl cholanthrene.

Abstract Subfractionation of rat liver microsomes by the use of rate-zonal centrifugation has been carried out using both normal and induced rats. Phenobarbital and methyl cholanthrene were found to have very distinctive effects on the distribution of cytochrome P-450 within the microsomal vesicles. The altered distribution observed with methyl cholanthrene is inhibited by thioacetamide and ethionine. These results suggest that the P-450 produced after treatment with methyl cholanthrene is preferentially formed in, or bound to, a vesicle distinct from that which contains the P-450 in the normal or phenobarbital-induced animal.
The effect of deployment on first‐ and second‐term re‐enlistment in the US active duty force

Why should deployment affect re‐enlistment? In our model, members enter the military with naive beliefs about deployment and use actual deployment experience to update their beliefs and revise their expected utility of re‐enlisting. Empirically, re‐enlistment is related to the type and number of deployments, consistent with the learning model. Non‐hostile deployment increases first‐term re‐enlistment but hostile deployment has little effect except for the Army, where the effect is positive. Both types increase second‐term re‐enlistment. Interestingly, first‐term members with dependants tend to respond to deployment like second‐term members. In addition, deployment acts directly to affect re‐enlistment, not indirectly through time to promotion.
Evolution of rising helical prominences in a nonuniform atmosphere

Recent coronagraph observations of rising priminences such as in the 14 April and 5 May, 1980 coronal transient events, as well as other older observations, have shown evidence for helical structure in the prominences. If this is true, then a study of the dynamical evolution of rising helical structures in a nonuniform atmosphere is worthwhile. For this study, three important considerations become apparent: (1) Since the ends of the prominence remain rooted in the photosphere, significant stretching of the configuration will result as it rises, (2) due to the fall-off with height of the external quantities, such as gas and magnetic pressure, the prominence will experience time-varying boundary conditions as it rises, and (3) significant lateral expansion of the prominence is expected as the external conditions weaken with height. The interplay of all these effects togehter result in a quite complex dynamical behavior of the prominence.
Balancing between Adaptive and Maladaptive Cellular Stress Responses in Peripheral Neuropathy

Point mutations in "myelin genes" result in a spectrum of inherited demyelinating neuropathies. The understanding of the pathomechanisms by which these mutations produce phenotypes remains limited. In this issue of Neuron, Wrabetz and colleagues report that the unfolded protein response (UPR) is responsible for demyelination in a Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1B (CMT1B) mouse model. Deletion of the UPR mediator transcription factor CHOP completely rescues the motor deficit and ameliorates the neuropathy phenotype.
Day case laparoscopic cholecystectomy in children: A review of 11 cases

Aim: The aim of this paper is to study the outcome of day case laparoscopic cholecystectomy (DCLC) in children. Materials and Methods: A clinical pathway for day care laparoscopic cholecystectomy was followed with emphasis on the analgesia, post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV), feeding, mobilization, pain scoring and patient satisfaction. Demographic and clinical data were recorded prospectively from March 2013 to November 2013. The setup allowed easy access to an overnight stay if needed. Hospital stay, complications, the need for medical advice after discharge, convalescence and patients satisfaction were analyzed. Results: We admitted 11 children with symptomatic cholelithiasis for day case laparoscopic surgery. There were no intra- or post-operative complications. The incidence of PONV was 0/11. There was no readmission. 4/11 patients complained of shoulder tip pain on follow-up next day. There was no overnight stay. Conclusions: Adoption of a DCLC pathway is feasible and safe for children. Emphasis on adequate pain management and avoidance of PONV results in a high rate of day case surgery equivalent to that achieved in adult practice.
Regeneration of kidney tubular epithelial cells.

The mechanisms that regulate regeneration of kidney epithelial cells after acute tubular necrosis are poorly understood. Repair of the nephron can take place in the adverse systemic metabolic setting caused by failure of renal function. This clinical observation suggests that factors released at the site of the tubular insult can mediate repair. Studies carried out in this and other laboratories show that kidney epithelial cells can release and respond to polypeptide growth factors which may thereby contribute to renal regeneration by autocrine and paracrine mechanisms. Specific growth factors secreted by cells and deposited in the tubular basement membrane prior to injury may subsequently participate in nephron repair. In addition, adenine nucleotides released from injured or dying cells at the injury site or provided exogenously could stimulate surviving renal epithelial cells at the edges of the wound to migrate along the basement membrane to rapidly reepithelialize the nephron and subsequently initiate mitogenesis to replace cells lost by necrosis. The nephrotoxic effect of many agents used in cancer chemotherapy and the older age of patients undergoing complicated surgical procedures has increased the incidence of ARF, whereas the mortality rate has not changed since the early 1950s [22]. Thus there is considerable need for innovative therapeutic strategies. An important goal of future research efforts is to identify new growth factors that facilitate migration, differentiation, and proliferation of renal epithelial cells at sites of tubular necrosis. Isolation and use of these agents in combination with dialysis and nutritional support could speed renal regeneration and thereby improve the outcome in patients with this condition.
Centrifugal impact milling of resins

Investigation of phenol formaldehyde resins milling in centrifugal impact mills is presented. The particle size distribution, energy consumption and size reduction ratio were observed at different material loads, grinding rotor velocities and air flow rates. Experimentally measured data were modelled using previously developed Rosin–Rammler formula and two parameters; the mean particle size and the width of distribution were calculated for different operating conditions. Optimal process conditions and scale up calculation for three different sized mills are proposed. The results may contribute to better understanding of milling processes in industrial plants, with respect to operation costs, energy consumption and environmental care.
Study and application on power communication operation mode checking and analysis method

In order to realize security checking on power communication operation mode, we introduce a new method for service and system security checking and analyzing, which include the multidimensional analysis and the N-1 service impact analysis. Based on this method we managed to design and realize the system, which can monitor and display the effective mode security checking and result analysis, as well as, highly improve management efficiency for the power communication network.
Nonsteroidal estrogens and antiestrogens: biological activity of cyclopropyl analogs of stilbene and stilbenediol.

The estrogenic, antiestrogenic, and receptor binding activity of a series of cyclopropyl analogs of stilbene and stilbenediol were determined using the uterotropic assay in the mouse and the receptor binding assay with rat uterine cytosol. One compound, 1,1-dichloro-cis-2,3-diphenylcyclopropane (II), displayed antiestrogenic activity in vivo with a low affinity for the estrogen receptor in vitro and showed tumor remission activity on 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced estrogen-dependent rat mammary tumors. Compounds VIII, IV, and V (in that order) exhibited the greatest estrogenic activity in the mouse and the greatest receptor binding activity in vitro. Compound VIII exhibited antifertility activity in the mouse.
Effect of long-range Coulomb interactions on the superconducting transition in Josephson-junction arrays

In this paper we treat the effect of Coulomb interactions between the grains of a Josephson-junction array or a granular superconductor, in the presence of a magnetic field. By using the duality transformation developed by Chui and Weeks, we are able to study both the low-${T}_{c}$ and the high self-capacitance limits for d-dimensional cubic arrays. We examine two models for the Coulomb interaction matrix U. In the first, only the diagonal and nearest-neighbor interactions are nonzero. In the other, only the diagonal and nearest-neighbor components of the capacitance matrix C=${U}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$ are nonzero. Our results for the nearest-neighbor ${U}_{\mathrm{ij}}$ model agree with the results of Fazekas, who found no sign of normal state reentrance in two or three dimensions. In the second model, reentrance occurs when the dimensionless parameter \ensuremath{\lambda}, related to the inverse screening length of the Coulomb interactions, becomes smaller than a critical value ${\ensuremath{\lambda}}^{\mathrm{*}}$. For both models, the off-diagonal interactions enhance the transition temperature by reducing the cost of Cooper-pair tunneling. We compare the results of the second model with experimental observations of charging effects and reentrance in three dimensions.
Fluoride matrix modifiers for the determination of aluminum by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry

Abstract A method was tested for the determination of aluminum by graphite furnance atomic absorption spectrometry using hydrofluoric acid and cesium fluoride as matrix modifiers. Alunimum trifluoride is stable to 1291°C, after which it sublimes to form AlF3 gas. The subsequent gas-phase atomization of AlF3 occurs rapidly, and produces clean, sharp absorption peaks. This method has a detection limit of 7 pg Al at a confidence interval of 95%. The method is fairly insensitive to interferences, with the exception of strongly complexing organic acids. The addition of CuF2 to the matrix appears to eliminate interference from organic acids, but was found to produce a high background absorbance and to shorten the life of the graphite tube.
Continuous Murmur Due to the Combination of Rheumatic Mitral Stenosis and a Rare Type of Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Drainage

A patient is described in whom a continuous murmur was caused by the combination of rheumatic mitral stenosis and a rare form of partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage. In this case, the left superior pulmonary vein drained into the left atrium and also into a large anomalous vein which then drained to the right atrium via the innominate vein and superior vena cava. At surgery, mitral commissurotomy and then ligation of the anomalous vein were performed with a good result; the continuous murmur was no longer audible after operation. The embryology, physiology, auscultatory findings and surgical consideration are discussed.
Interest and Identity Development in Instruction: An Inductive Model

An inductive model is proposed that suggests that support for the development and deepening of interest can be aided by knowledge of identity development. The model suggests that instructional practice would be usefully informed were educators (e.g., teachers, parents, museum curators, counselors) to have information about both the phase of a learner's interest and age-related expectations about their identity development, when working to promote learning of particular disciplinary content. Research describing phases in the development of interest and the age-related challenges and expectations specific to self-representation is reviewed, followed by evidence from the literature that provides preliminary support for the model. Research directions needed to challenge and refine the model follow.
Amyloidosis and Pleural Disease

Pleural involvement with systemic amyloidosis has been reported rarely in the literature. Diagnosis of this entity by percutaneous needle biopsy of the pleura has been described only in two prior case reports. We describe five patients in whom the diagnosis of pleural amyloidosis was established by Cope needle biopsy during evaluation of pleural effusions of indeterminate cause. Three patients presented with a history suggestive of multiorgan disease and a pleural biopsy performed despite a transudative effusion demonstrated amyloid infiltration of the pleura, obviating the need for other organ biopsies. We conclude that in patients with pleural effusions, if history suggests multiorgan involvement and there is suspicion for amyloidosis, then a closed pleural biopsy with special stains for amyloid should be performed even if the effusions are transudative. This may be the diagnostic procedure of choice in such patients.
Combining optical quadrature and differential interference contrast to facilitate embryonic cell counting with fluorescence imaging for confirmation

The Multifunctional Staring Mode Microscope was developed to permit three modes of imaging for cell counting in mouse embryos: Optical Quadrature, Differential Interference Contrast (DIC), and Fluorescence Imaging. The Optical Quadrature Microscope, consisting of a modified Mach-Zender Interferometer, uses a 632.8 nm laser to measure the amplitude and phase of the signal beam that travels through the embryo. Four cameras, preceded by multiple beamsplitters, are used to read the four interferograms, which are then combined to produce an image of the complex electric field amplitude. The phase of the complex amplitude is then unwrapped using a 2-D phase unwrap algorithm and images of optical path length are produced. To combine the additional modes of DIC and Fluorescence Imaging with the Optical Quadrature Microscope, a 632.8 nm narrow bandpass beamsplitter was placed at the output of the microscope. This allows the laser light to continue through the Mach-Zender while all other wavelengths are reflected at 90 degrees to another camera. This was effective in combining the three modes as the fluorescence wavelength for the Hoechst stain is well below the bandpass window of the beamsplitter. Both live and fixed samples have been successfully imaged in all three modes. Accuracy in cell counting was achieved by using the DIC image for detecting cell boundaries and the Optical Quadrature image for phase mapping to determine where cells overlap. The final results were verified by Hoechst fluorescence imaging to count the individual nuclei. Algorithms are currently being refined so larger cell counts can be done more efficiently.
Quetiapine Not Quiet-a-pine—Not a Sleeper

The vast majority of quetiapine prescriptions in long-term care facilities are for low doses between 12.5 and 100 mg, mostly given at bedtime. In a retrospective chart review of 2231 nursing home residents from 4 states, the authors determined that the primary indications for quetiapine were behavioral disturbances associated with dementia. However, it is common to find quetiapine given as needed (PRN) and frequently for night-time administration in a variety of health care settings and for patients who may have been prescribed quetiapine for underlying psychiatric and nonpsychiatric illnesses. Insomnia is a chief complaint in older adults, especially females, with prevalence ranging from 20% to 40%. Initiating and maintaining sleep is difficult in older persons and can be characterized as nocturnal waking, insomnia, daytime napping, trouble falling asleep, waking too early, and waking not feeling rested. Underlying illnesses common in long-term care residents, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, dementia, heart failure, pain, mood and anxiety disorders, depression, obstructive sleep apnea, Parkinson Disease, and inactivity, as well as medications and environmental factors, contribute to insomnia. In addition to treating the underlying condition and discontinuing contributingmedications when possible, the AmericanMedical Directors Association (AMDA) Clinical Practice Guidelines for Sleep Disorders in Long Term Care recommends nonpharmacologic approaches such as sleep hygiene counseling, bright light therapy, and cognitive-behavioral therapy for improving sleep before pharmacologic options are considered. Quetiapine is not recommended for sleep disorders by AMDA or other insomnia guidelines. Quetiapine is an atypical antipsychotic indicated for treatment of schizophrenia, acute manic or mixed episodes associated with bipolar
Interturn Stator Voltage Distribution Due to Fast Transient Switching of Induction Motors

Steep fronted switching surges can cause severe stressing of the interturn insulation in induction motor windings. This may lead to failure. Experimental results show that severe nonlinearity in the voltage distribution within the coil can occur. it is shown that an analytical method of quantifying interturn surge capability is required, if test methods and design procedures are to be used with confidence. Such a method is described and shown to conform well with measured results. The use of surge protection devices is briefly considered.
Implicit learning modulates selective attention at sensory levels of perceptual processing

Electrophysiological evidence suggests that attention can be modulated as early as 100 msec after stimulus presentation. However, it is not clear whether these changes are based primarily on stimulus properties such as perceptual load (i.e., the level of perceptual difficulty), or other properties, such as general attentional set or learned expectations concerning perceptual load. Using event-related potentials, this study examined how implicit learning of perceptual load conditions modulates selective attention at sensory levels of perceptual analysis. The results show significant differences in P1 amplitude recorded over occipital areas of the brain as a function of learned expectations of perceptual load, only when perceptual load could be reliably predicted by the preceding stimuli. Moreover, differences in processing were found when both low and high perceptual load conditions could be predicted. These findings suggest that implicit learning modulates the allocation of attention at early stages of perceptual processing.
Evaluation of Pharmacist-Managed Education of Medical Residents

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of presentations provided by pharmacists/pharmacy students in increasing medical residents’ knowledge of treatment options and guidelines of various disease states. A secondary objective was to evaluate medical residents’ satisfaction and perception of increased knowledge.Methods: A series of presentations were conducted by pharmacist/pharmacy students in an internal medicine resident clinic. Topics covered included dyslipidemia, hypertension (HTN), and asthma. Prior to each presentation, medical residents completed a pretest. One to 3 weeks after the presentations, residents were asked to complete a post-test identical to the pretests. At the conclusion of the series, medical residents responded to a follow-up survey that assessed the residents’ perception of the usefulness of the presentations and interest in future presentations.Results: Twenty medical residents attended the dyslipidemia presentations and completed a pretest with 18 ...
The source as a tool in automata

The source of a set of states of an automaton is introduced as the set of all predecessors of members of the set. The source is shown to be a valuable tool in proofs; it is also shown to provide new insights and directions in automata theory. Relationships are explored between the source on the one hand and, on the other, subautomata, primaries, blocks, connectivity, separation, strong connectedness, retrievability, Abelian automata, homomorphisms, and other concepts.
Teaching an Online Information Literacy Course: Is It Equivalent to Face-to-Face Instruction?

College-level students arrive fairly confident in their research abilities. When the university began a new requirement for information literacy competency in the General Education Requirements, distance library faculty had the opportunity to teach an online section. A technologically savvy health science librarian and technologically challenged distance librarian co-taught the online section while three face-to-face sections were taught at the main campus. The goal was to teach the same competencies, present equivalent material and assess learning with equal rigor in all five sections. The sections agreed to similar final projects and final exam. A non-graded knowledge survey has been given to students in all sections at the beginning and end of the semester as a pre- and post-test to help assess if the online course is equivalent to the face-to-face sections. Other factors in teaching experience and technology also affect student competency levels.
Sterol Transfer from Vesicles to MBCD is Governed by the Extent of Sterol Superlattice

Cholesterol transfer regulates the intracellular distribution and the metabolism of cholesterol, thus having a direct impact on cholesterol homeostasis in cells. This work investigates the effect of lipid lateral organization on sterol transfer from liposomes to methyl-B-cyclodextrin (MBCD), a water-soluble macrocyclic compound able to deplete sterols from membranes. Large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs) composed of POPC, dehydroergosterol (DHE) and Dansyl-PE were examined. DHE content was varied in steps of 0.4 mol% in a range of concentrations covering the theoretically predicted critical mole fractions (Cr,e.g., 20.0, 22.2, 25.0, 33.3, 40.0 and 50.0 mol%) for maximal sterol superlattice formation. The molar ratio of DHE to Dansyl-PE was kept constant (15:1) in all samples. The rate of sterol transfer was monitored based on the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between DHE (donor) and Dansyl-PE (acceptor). When DHE is transferred from LUVs to MBCD, FRET efficiency is decreased and, consequently, the fluorescence intensity of Dansyl-PE is decreased over time. The initial rate of the DHE transfer was found to vary with DHE content in the original membrane in a biphasic manner, reaching a local maximum at all Cr examined. This result demonstrates that the rate of DHE transfer from LUVs to MBCD is governed by the extent of sterol superlattice in the liposomal membrane, a conclusion different from that given in a previous study1. Both studies showed the same general trend, i.e., that sterol chemical potential increases with increasing sterol content. The difference lies in the fine details of how sterol transfer rate varies with sterol content in the immediate vicinity of Cr (AHA, DOD and PDOH).1 Ali et al. (2007) PNAS 104:5372-7.
Emotion–cognition interplay in motivating and guiding plans and actions: Commentary on Mcclure-Tone’s socioemotional functioning in bipolar disorder.

McClure-Tone (2009) focused on the role of two aspects of emotion knowledge (emotion expression recognition and labeling) and on emotion regulation in bipolar disorder (BD). We encourage further research on these and on other components of emotion knowledge that probably play equally significant roles in normal and abnormal development, and perhaps particularly in BD. Despite the author finding serious gaps in the literature, it was shown that we have learned a lot about differences in neural, cognitive, and behavioral processes in children and adolescents with BD and same-age normal individuals, and that much remains unknown. We join the author in encouraging more clinical, developmental, and longitudinal research on emotion processes in BD, particularly theoretically driven studies on some neglected emotion schemas that may prove relatively distinct to the disorder.
Dual Transgene Expression in Murine Cerebellar Purkinje Neurons by Viral Transduction In Vivo

Viral-vector mediated gene transfer to cerebellar Purkinje neurons in vivo is a promising avenue for gene therapy of cerebellar ataxias and for genetic manipulation in functional studies of animal models of cerebellar disease. Here, we report the results of experiments designed to identify efficient methods for viral transduction of adult murine Purkinje neurons in vivo. For these analyses, several lentiviral and an adeno-associated virus (AAV), serotype 1, vector with various promoter combinations were generated and compared for in situ transduction efficiency, assayed by fluorescent reporter protein expression in Purkinje neurons. Additional experiments were also conducted to identify the optimal experimental strategy for co-expression of two proteins in individual Purkinje neurons. Of the viruses tested, AAV1 with a CAG promoter exhibited the highest specificity for Purkinje neurons. To deliver two proteins to the same Purkinje neuron, several methods were tested, including: an internal ribosome entry site (IRES), a 2A sequence, a dual promoter vector, and co-injection of two viruses. Efficient expression of both proteins in the same Purkinje neuron was only achieved by co-injecting two AAV1-CAG viruses. We found that use of an AAV1-CAG virus outperformed similar lentivirus vectors and that co-injection of two AAV1-CAG viruses could be used to efficiently deliver two proteins to the same Purkinje neuron in adult mice. AAV1 with a CAG promoter is highly efficient and selective at transducing adult cerebellar Purkinje neurons and two AAV-CAG viruses can be used to efficiently express two proteins in the same neuron in vivo.
Range Relaxation. III. Variationally Optimal Integral-Transform Wave Functions

A general and formally exact class of integral-transform electronic wave functions may be defined in terms of a distortion operator. This operator, which depends on one or more running parameters, maps some zero-order approximate wave function onto any part of a Hilbert space. The set of all such distorted functions may then completely span the space. The most effective discrete set of $n$ configurations for the approximation of the exact integral transform is considered from the standpoint of a numerical analysis. It is taken to be the set which permits the most accurate $n$-point evaluation of an integral expression for the expectation value of the energy. In practice, the diophantine integration scheme may be used to provide such a set of configurations. The value of the optimal transform weighting function for ground and excited states at each of the $n$ points can be inferred back at the end via the solution to a conventional linear matrix eigenvalue equation. Preliminary applications are made to the calculation of the radial correlation limits for the helium, lithium, and beryllium atoms.
Inhibition of Mucopolysaccharide Sulfation

A method of measuring the inhibition of sulfation in mucopolysaccharides employed the coupled enzyme system of Wortman. This procedure utilized the phenol and mucopolysaccharide sulfotransferases of beef cornea extract. Compounds tested against this system included amino acids, salicylates, 2-mercaptoethylamine and a derivative, heterocyclic ethanethiosulfuric acids, arylsulfonamidoethanethiosulfates, and several other compounds. In general, the salicylates and thiosulfates were inhibitory, with sodium 2-(4-acetamidobenzenesulfonamido)-ethanethiosulfate being the most inhibitory and 2-mercaptoethylguanidine trithiocarbonic acid the second most inhibitory. Salicylamide and allopurinol, which have been employed in kidney stone therapy, were inhibitors. Kidney stones have a mucopolysaccharide sulfate matrix, which is involved in their growth.
Determinants of taste perception and classification among the Aymara of Bolivia

Twenty‐two Aymara‐speaking subsistence farmers were tested for response to pure aqueous solutions representing the basic four tastes. Survey methods provided data on diet composition and on the Aymara taste taxonomy. In comparison to typical western populations, subjects attributed increased pleasantness to sweetness and decreased pleasantness to salt, sour and bitter tastes that were not readily separable experimentally. High preference for glucose in young adults may be explained by caloric need related to undernutrition and/or altitude adaptation. Traditional and modern Aymara diets are dominated by bland and mildly bitter items, and lack a sour component. An expanded taste nomenclature for bitter substances, the absence of a clear concept for sourness, and decreased pleasantness ratings for sodium chloride, citric acid and quinine are all explicable by dietary experience. The unique taste taxonomy and taste preferences of the Aymara may have adaptive significance in the resource‐limited high‐altitude ...
Female Sexuality in Performance and Film: Erotic, Political, Controllable? The Contested Female Body in the Work of Carolee Schneemann and VALIE EXPORT

Coming of age on the cusp of the second wave feminist movement, which brought with it liberation of sexuality for women, Carolee Schneemann and VALIE EXPORT defied the traditions of western, patria...
DDT and tumors in experimental animals

A recommendation of the Secretary's Commission on Pesticides, Dept. of Health, Education and Welfare, U.S.A., implies that DDT is subject to the Delaney Clause of the Food Additives law as a carcinogen because of some findings with mice in 1969. However, the liver changes produced in rodents by high levels of DDT were not found in chickens, dogs, cats, monkeys, and large domestic animals. The changes in rats are reversible, and have been characterized as non‐cancerous. Extensive and prolonged exposure of human beings to high levels of DDT has produced no evidence of carcinogenicity, or of any impairment of health.
Substrate-Dependent Reaction Pathways of Ethylene on Clean and Carbide-Modified W(110) and W(111)

The decomposition of ethylene was utilized as a probe reaction to determine the chemical properties of carbide-modified W(110) and W(111) using high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (HREELS) and temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) measurements. Ethylene adsorbed via a di-σ configuration on both clean and carbide-modified W(110). Most of the di-σ bonded ethylene converted to ethylidyne species by 200 K. In contrast, ethylene decomposed to form vinylidene and acetylide intermediates without forming ethylidyne at 90 K and 200 K on clean and carbide-modified W(111). Thermal desorption results showed clean W(111) to be twice as active as W(110) toward the decomposition of ethylene. The presence of the carbide overlayer reduced the activity of the W(111) surface by ∼50%, whereas carbide-modification only reduced the activity of the W(110) surface by ∼30%. This study showed that the reaction pathways of ethylene on carbide-modified surfaces were strongly dependent on the structure of the metal su...
Tutorial: Symbolic computation and the cyclicity problem for singularities

We show how methods of computational commutative algebra are employed to investigate the local 16th Hilbert Problem, which is to find an upper bound on the number of limit cycles that can bifurcate from singularities in families of polynomial systems of differential equations on R^2, and is one step in a program for solving the full 16th Hilbert Problem. We discuss an extension of a well-known theorem, and illustrate the concepts and methods with concrete examples.
Understanding Real-World Implementation Quality and “Active Ingredients” of PBIS

Programs delivered in the “real world” often look substantially different from what was originally intended by program developers. Depending on which components of a program are being trimmed or altered, such modifications may seriously undermine the effectiveness of a program. In the present study, these issues are explored within a widely used school-based, non-curricular intervention, Positive Behavioral Intervention and Supports. The present study takes advantage of a uniquely large dataset to gain a better understanding of the “real-world” implementation quality of PBIS and to take a first step toward identifying the components of PBIS that “matter most” for student outcomes. Data from 27,689 students and 166 public primary and secondary schools across seven states included school and student demographics, indices of PBIS implementation quality, and reports of problem behaviors for any student who received an office discipline referral during the 2007–2008 school year. Results of the present study identify three key components of PBIS that many schools are failing to implement properly, three program components that were most related to lower rates of problem behavior (i.e., three “active ingredients” of PBIS), and several school characteristics that help to account for differences across schools in the quality of PBIS implementation. Overall, findings highlight the importance of assessing implementation quality in “real-world” settings, and the need to continue improving understanding of how and why programs work. Findings are discussed in terms of their implications for policy.