cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Family Preservation Strategies for Families in Poverty

Poverty adversely affects many individuals and their families. Previous research has shown that certain attributes and situations serve to moderate the negative effects of poverty. The purpose of this article is to focus on the variables associated with resiliency in poverty, mainly in relation to family preservation. Empirical studies suggest resilient families have adequate support systems, possess an inner locus of control, believe in a higher power, and practice downward comparison. By understanding the attributes and situations that increase resiliency in families, social workers can develop more effective programs and provide supportive assistance to families in poverty. Building resilient and productive families leads to a greater likelihood for family stability and preservation.
Flat Circular Optical Elements On A 9-Point Hindle Mount In A 1-g Force Field

The problem of supporting an optical element in a l-g force field on a multi-level kinematic mount arises, when a single level 3-point kinematic mount is inadequate for keeping the stress and/or surface deflection within specified design limits. In this paper, a solution of the biharmonic differential equation for the bending of a flat thin circular plate is first derived for m-point (m > 2) supports, equi-spaced on a concentric circle, and then applied to the problem of a two-level kinematic mount, which is also known as a 9-point Hindle mount. From this, normalized design curves are developed for determining nominal locations of the nine support points, associated RMS deflections and support location sensitivity. These design curves provide the practicing engineer with a useful, efficient and accurate means for developing a preliminary Hindle mount design without resorting to FEM analysis. Several cases of the 9-point Hindle mount solution were compared with independent NASTRAN based finite element solutions. Excellent correlation between the two was obtained in all cases. The methodology used in this paper is not limited to flat optical elements. The solution of the problem of curved optical elements on a 9-point Hindle mount in a l-g force field can be similarly obtained by the same approach with E. Reissner's thin shallow spherical shell equations.© (1984) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Direct solution methods for singular integral equations with nonnegative indices

In this paper we consider a complete singular integral equation with the Cauchy kernel on the real axis and a bisingular integral equation on a plane with a degenerate characteristic part. We theoretically substantiate the polynomial methods of moments and collocation in the case of nonnegative indices. We also prove the convergence of the method of mechanical quadratures for the corresponding one-dimensional equation.
Verneuil crystals of chromic oxide via the argon plasma

Abstract Single crystals of chromic oxide (α-Cr2O3) have been grown by Verneuil's method in an induction-coupled argon plasma. The boules, which were up to 2 cm in diameter, were typical of Verneuil material. An attempt to grow the rhombohedral solution (Cr, Fe)2O3 was also made, but the thermodynamic activity of oxygen in the system could not be raised sufficiently to suppress ferric ion reduction and spinel precipitation. Visual observation of the vapor transport of chromic oxide has been made.
CLL and NHL: the end of chemotherapy?

In this issue of Blood , Flinn et al, Kahl et al, and Brown et al provide further encouragement that the possibility of a chemotherapy-free world is, indeed, a rapidly approaching reality in indolent non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs), mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL).[1
The Relationship between Career Motivation and Self-Efficacy with Protege Career Success.

Abstract Research exploring the underlying processes involved in successful mentorships has been lacking. In the present study, the roles of career motivation and career self-efficacy as explanatory factors were examined. Career motivation mediated the relationship between career mentoring and performance effectiveness. Contrary to prediction, only marginal support was received for career self-efficacy as a mediator between mentoring and indicators of career success. This research is unique in that it was the first to reveal linkages between mentoring, career self-efficacy, career motivation and protege career success. Theoretical and practical implications of results are discussed.
Content Analysis of Social Tags Generated by Health Consumers

This poster presents preliminary findings of user tag analysis in the domain of consumer health information. To obtain user terms, 36,205 tags from 38 consumer health information sites were collected from delicious.com. Content analysis was applied to identify the dimensions and types of the collected tags. The preliminary findings showed that user generated tags covers a variety of aspects of health information, ranging from general terms, subject terms, knowledge type, and to audience. General terms and subject terms were observed dominantly by showing 31.7% and 22.8% respectively.
Vitamins and immunomodulation in AIDS

Abstract Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a clinical disorder caused by a retrovirus infection and represents the end point in a progressive sequence of immunosuppressive changes. Vitamins can enhance disease resistance in animals and humans. As such they are important co-factors in optimal functioning of the immune systems. In this article, the immunological and nutritional modifications caused by AIDS are summarized. The effects of murine and human retrovirus infection on vitamin status are analyzed as co-factors in the development of severe immune dysfunction, AIDS. The properties of immunoenhancing antioxidative vitamins, vitamin A, B6, B12, C, E, and β-carotene, which are frequently low in AIDS patients, are evaluated relative to the development of immunodeficiency during retrovirus infection. Vitamin A, E, and B12 deficiency accelerated the development of AIDS with low T cells, whereas their normalization retarded the development of immune dysfunction. The interactions between these vitamins and the immune system in human AIDS patients and animal models of AIDS are reviewed. Our purpose is to provide data on how retrovirus infection can cause nutritional deficiencies that accentuate immune damage and to evaluate the potential therapeutic role of vitamins in the treatment of immune dysfunctions in AIDS patients.
Evaluation of brief intervention.

Comments on an article about an emergency department-based brief intervention for alcohol abuse. Language: en
A Diagnostic Study of the Northern Atlantic Subpolar Gyre

Abstract A three-layer vorticity diagnostic calculation is made for an area of the northern North Atlantic centered at 55°N, 22.5°W. It suggests the circulation there is not driven by vertical Ekman suction due to the wind stress, but due to nearly horizontal due nearly the sloping mean density surface in that portion of the upper ocean mixed by deep wintertime convection. The computed act annual heat gain is −44 ± 8 W m−2. Such diagnostics define a linear relation between buoyancy gain and Ekman pumping and hence serve as a link; through the ocean, between meteorologist's charts of wind stress and heat gain. The meridional transport is strongly influenced by bottom topography; the upward slope of the bottom toward the north permits a large net northward transport.
The development of persuasive communication skills: The influence of developments in interpersonal constructs on the ability to generate communication‐relevant beliefs and on level of persuasive strategy

This experiment sought to determine whether children's performance on a persuasive message production task could be improved through exposure to a series of priming questions designed to elicit communication‐relevant beliefs and whether exposure to such a manipulation would attenuate the advantage developments in the interpersonal construct system ordinarily confer on a child faced with a persuasive task. Results showed that simple exposure to the manipulation had no effect on children's performance, since a child's level of construct development influenced his or her ability to answer the priming questions with information useful for and relevant to the persuasive message task.
A Study in Personality Dynamics

Small Farm and Big Farm. By Carey McWilliams. Public Affairs Pamphlet 100, Public Affairs Committee, New York, 1945. 10 cents. THE AUTHOR, formerly State Commissioner of Immigration and Housing in California, writes of trends toward large farms, giving figures for 1910 to 1940. Pressing problems are covered on the relative efficiency of big and small farms. Suggestions to guide prospective small farmers cover size favorable to success as well as industry and care in working and management; also how much to pay as purchase price and conditions under which money should be borrowed. Mr. McWilliams poses a need for political power to change adverse conditions, but he admits that such power already rests in the hands of monopolies which use pressure in their own interests under false fronts. He leaves farm problems to organizations such as co-operatives and farmers' unions. But his argument for an agricultural policy runs in a circle. For his recommendations include that "special privileges now enjoyed by certain farm organizations" need removing, as well as "present hidden subsidies to industrialized farming" and at the same time he favors government aid for non-commercial farmers, not restricted to price. His best hint is that the hold of food processors and distributors on farm production must be broken. But how to do this and all the rest, he leaves to his readers to find out for themselves. PRESTON KING SHELDON New York
Influence of lightning impulse voltages on power output characteristics of Photovoltaic modules

The capacity of the Photovoltaic (PV) power system is growing rapidly in the last decade. PV power systems are installed outdoors and are intended to be directly exposed to sunlight. During their operation, the PV modules are subjected to all types of climate stresses. These include temperature, UV, humidity, chemical erosion, and mechanical stresses. When the PV power systems are installed in an area where lightning events are observed, they are under the stress of direct lightning or lightning induced voltages. The focus of this research was to study the effect of lightning impulse voltages on the power output of the PV module. The paper investigated a type of 1.5 W, 6 V polycrystalline silicon PV modules. Their Maximum Power Output (MPO) were compared after they had been stressed repeatedly with different levels of lightning impulse voltages. The results revealed the MPO drops exponentially with the application of lightning impulse voltages.
New Results for Timing-Based Attestation

In this paper we present a comprehensive timing-based attestation system suitable for typical enterprise use, and evidence of that system's performance. This system, similar to Pioneer [20] but built with relaxed assumptions, successfully detects attacks on code integrity over 10 links of an enterprise network, despite an average of just 1.7% time overhead for the attacker. We also present the first implementation and evaluation of a Trusted Platform Module (TPM) hardware timing-based attestation protocol. We describe the design and results of a set of experiments showing the effectiveness of our timing-based system, thereby providing further evidence of the practicality of timing-based attestation in real-world settings. While system measurement itself is a worthwhile goal, and timing-based attestation systems can provide measurements that are equally as trustworthy as hardware-based attestation systems, we feel that Time Of Check, Time Of Use (TOCTOU) attacks have not received appropriate attention in the literature. To address this topic, we present the three conditions required to execute such an attack, and how past attacks and defenses relate to these conditions.
The role of f (0) and formant frequencies in distinguishing the voices of men and women.

The purpose of the present study was to determine the contributions of fundamental frequency (f 0) and formants in cuing the distinction between men’s and women’s voices. A source-filter synthesizer was used to create four versions of 25 sentences spoken by men: (1) unmodified synthesis, (2) f 0 only shifted up toward values typical of women, (3) formants only shifted up toward values typical of women, and (4) both f 0 and formants shifted up. Identical methods were used to generate four corresponding versions of 25 sentences spoken by women, but with downward shifts. Listening tests showed that (1) shifting both f 0 and formants was usually effective (∼82%) in changing the perceived sex of the utterance, and (2) shifting either f 0 or formants alone was usually ineffective in changing the perceived sex. Both f 0 and formants are apparently needed to specify speaker sex, though even together these cues are not entirely effective. Results also suggested that f 0 is somewhat more important than formants. A second experiment used the same methods, but isolated /hVd/ syllables were used as test signals. Results were broadly similar, with the important exception that, on average, the syllables were more likely to shift perceived talker sex with shifts in f 0 and/or formants.
Evaluation of hypersingular integrals in the boundary element method

A recently developed boundary element technique for analyzing regions with cracks requires the consideration of hypersingular integrals. Although these integrals can be evaluated analytically, they require that the functional representation at collocation points on the crack surface be differentiable. An algorithm which accomplishes this task for three-dimensional problems, utilizing standard elements, is presented herein. The entire neighborhood of a singular point is used to define the polynomial approximation, and the coefficients are determined by means of the generalized inverse of a rectangular matrix.
A genetic association study detects haplotypes associated with obstructive heart defects

The development of congenital heart defects (CHDs) involves a complex interplay between genetic variants, epigenetic variants, and environmental exposures. Previous studies have suggested that susceptibility to CHDs is associated with maternal genotypes, fetal genotypes, and maternal–fetal genotype (MFG) interactions. We conducted a haplotype-based genetic association study of obstructive heart defects (OHDs), aiming to detect the genetic effects of 877 SNPs involved in the homocysteine, folate, and transsulfuration pathways. Genotypes were available for 285 mother-offspring pairs with OHD-affected pregnancies and 868 mother-offspring pairs with unaffected pregnancies. A penalized logistic regression model was applied with an adaptive least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (lasso), which dissects the maternal effect, fetal effect, and MFG interaction effects associated with OHDs. By examining the association between 140 haplotype blocks, we identified 9 blocks that are potentially associated with OHD occurrence. Four haplotype blocks, located in genes MGMT, MTHFS, CBS, and DNMT3L, were statistically significant using a Bayesian false-discovery probability threshold of 0.8. Two blocks in MGMT and MTHFS appear to have significant fetal effects, while the CBS and DNMT3L genes may have significant MFG interaction effects.
A new series of mixed-metal cuprates in the T' structure : Nd2-x-yAxCeyCuO4-δ (AII=Mg and Ca)

We report the synthesis of a new series of layered copper oxide compounds, Nd2-x-yAxCeyCuO4-δ (AgII  Mg and Ca), which are isostructural with the T′-phase of the superconducting, n-type Nd2-xCexCuO4-δ. An extended solid solubility range, x + y ⩽ 0.60, is observed. The as-prepared air-quenched samples show semiconducting behavior. These newly prepared compounds raise further questions about electron-doped superconductivity in the cuprate oxides.
Mental Illness Publications in Major Pastoral Care Journals from 1950 to 2003

The issue of mental illness has been of considerable interest to both of us over the past several years. The first author has taught a course on the subject for a decade, and his recent publications on the subject include several articles on John Nash (Capps, 2003b, 2004a,b, 2005b), a book on mental illness for pastoral care professionals (2005a), and an article on whether William James was a patient at McLean Hospital (2007). The second author has had experience with the mentally ill through his pastoral work at Trenton Psychiatrist Hospital in Trenton, New Jersey, a mental hospital with a rather checkered history (see Scull, 2005), and in Scotland and has also written an article on John Nash (Carlin, 2006). This shared interest, together with evidence that serious mental illness in America has been steadily increasing (Torrey & Miller, 2001, pp. 295–299), caused us to wonder what sort of attention mental illness has received in our major journals of pastoral care from 1950 to the present. Specifically, has this attention kept pace with the increase in mental illness?
Cationic and anionic fragmentation of dichloromethane following inner-shell (Cl 1s) photoexcitation.

The cationic and anionic fragmentation of dichloromethane (CH 2 Cl 2 ) molecule have been investigated in the energy range of the Cl K shell by using synchrotron radiation, ion yield spectroscopy, and electron-ion coincidence spectroscopy. Total and partial ion-yield and mass spectra have been recorded as a function of the photon energy. We were able to identify several singly and multiply charged cationic fragments and the following anionic species: H - ; C - ; Cl - . The present results provide the first experimental report of negative ion formation from a molecule excited at the Cl Is edge. In addition, our electron-ion coincidence data provide strong evidence of the preservation of molecular alignment for the photodissociation of CH 2 Cl 2 after deep core-electron resonant excitation.
Predictive Validity of the Medical Specialty Preference Inventory.

Abstract Medical schools can assist students by providing them with quality career counseling to help them choose a medical specialty. Many schools use interest inventories to help identify students’ specialty interests. This study examined the predictive validity of one such inventory, the Medical Specialty Preference Inventory (MSPI). In a longitudinal design, we used discriminant function analysis to examine how well students’ scores on the MSPI fit their chosen medical specialty one year later. The MSPI correctly predicted students’ future medical specialty choice 58.1% of the time. These results can help career advisors interpret MSPI scores, and identify students’ most likely medical specialty choice, as well as their second most likely choice.
Analyzing the Influence of Micro-Level Factors on CCTV Camera Effect

Objectives Despite the popularity of closed circuit television (CCTV), evidence of its crime prevention capabilities is inconclusive. Research has largely reported CCTV effect as “mixed” without explaining this variance. The current study contributes to the literature by testing the influence of several micro-level factors on changes in crime levels within CCTV areas of Newark, NJ.
Impact of Political Structures and Informal Political Processes on Health Policy: Comparison of the United States and Canadab

A number of factors, including cultural, social, economic, political, and historical, influence policy. United States and Canada's health care systems are the conscious and subconscious outcomes of formal political structures and informal political processes. The Canadian parliamentary political system encourages centralized, organized, planned policy in health care. However, this is accomplished at the risk of leaving some individuals—physicians in this case—quite frustrated. American constitutional features, the presidential system, weak political parties, and the tireless participation of interest groups in the political process all function to discourage the formation of highly rational and efficient policy. While few special interests are ever completely satisfied with the legislation produced, seldom is any organized group completely thwarted. Therefore, it is no surprise that a tightly integrated national program of universal health insurance was not adopted by Congress in 1993–1994. Political structures and processes discourage effective, comprehensive health care reform in the United States.
Oxidation of hydrosulphide ions on gold Part I: A cyclic voltammetry study

The results of an investigation to determine the mechanism(s) of oxidation of sulphide ions on a gold electrode are discussed. The cyclic voltammetry results are presented in Part I and characterization results after various electrochemical pretreatments are to follow in Part II. The cyclic voltammetry studies show that several stages are involved in oxidation of sulphide ions to form elemental sulphur. Initially, sulphide ions undergo underpotential deposition to form chemisorbed sulphur as isolated atoms. As oxidation proceeds, a monolayer of chemisorbed atoms is formed which reacts with sulphide ions in solution to form polysulphides at higher potentials. As the potential for oxidation is further increased elemental sulphur is produced. The reduction of polysulphide to hydrosulphide ions occurs by a 2-electron transfer process whereas the reduction of elemental sulphur occurs by a l-electron transfer process. The latter reaction involves the formation of an activated complex which is a relatively slow process.
Absorption and population inversion in p-type InGaAs strained layers based on intervalence subband transition at FIR frequencies

Abstract A tensile strained p -InGaAs/InP heterostructure was employed to investigate the feasibility of THz-lasers experimentally. The internal strain induced by the lattice-mismatched epitaxy splits the degenerate valence bands and provides two separate subbands for laser action in the FIR. Strong absorption associated with the direct free hole transition between the LH- and HH-valence bands has been observed and the characteristics of the absorption spectra is discussed. It is shown that when the applied electric field is above 6 × 10 4 V/cm light holes are in streaming motion and the redistribution of holes could result in population inversion in the split valence subbands.
An Experimental Investigation of the Effects of Common-Rail Injection System Parameters on Emissions and Performance in a High-Speed Direct-Injection Diesel Engine

An investigation of the effect of injection parameters on emissions and performance in an automotive diesel engine was conducted. A high-pressure common-rail injection system was used with a dual-guided valve covered orifice nozzle tip. The engine was a four-valve single cylinder high-speed direct-injection diesel engine with a displacement of approximately 1/2 liter and simulated turbocharging. The engine experiments were conducted at full load and 1004 and 1757 rev/min, and the effects of injection pressure, multiple injections (single vs pilot with main), and pilot injection timing on emissions and performance were studied. Increasing the injection pressure from 600 to 800 bar reduced the smoke emissions by over 50 percent at retarded injection timings with no penalty in oxides of nitrogen (NO x ) or brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC). Pilot injection cases exhibited slightly higher smoke levels than single injection cases but had similar NO x levels, while the single injection cases exhibited slightly better BSFC. The start-of-injection (SOI) of the pilot was varied while holding the main SOI constant and the effect on emissions was found to be small compared to changes resulting from varying the main injection timing. Interestingly, the point of autoignition of the pilot was found to occur at a nearly constant crank angle regardless of pilot injection timing (for early injection timings) indicating that the ignition delay of the pilot is a chemical delay and not a physical (mixing) one. As the pilot timing was advanced the mixture became overmixed, and an increase of over 50 percent in the unburned hydrocarbon emissions was observed at the most advanced pilot injection timing.
Embedded self-energy technique for solving arbitrary nanoelectronic systems using FEAST

This paper presents an efficient computational technique based on embedded self-energy functions, and describes how this technique can be used in the case of electronic structure problems. This technique demonstrates a numerical implementation of the mathematical framework built around the FEAST eigenvalue solver, as proposed in [1]. By taking advantage of the benefits of the finite element method for performing muffin-tin type domain decomposition, this technique naturally removes the non-linearity of the resulting reduced eigenvalue problem. This approach can work for arbitrary atomistic systems of different dimensions. Results for 2D systems are shown, along with plans for future work.
Implications of Academic Dishonesty for Teaching in Psychology

Academic dishonesty among students reveals potential problems in the teaching of psychology. In particular, a teaching pedagogy that emphasizes information delivery, and uses examinations as a method to discriminate among students aspiring for social and financial status, contributes to an academic climate of dishonesty. As a constructive response, I recommend that psychology faculty discuss with students (and with each other) certain fundamental assumptions of liberal education and consider how these assumptions relate to the discipline of psychology.
Continuous and Smooth Consumers: Approximation Theorems*

In this paper we provide proofs, in a precisely formulated model, of the intuitive notion that any continuous consumer can be approximated arbitrarily close by a smooth and regular one (ail these terms will be carefully defined later on). The proper formal framework for such a question is a topological space of consumers. In this context the problem has been posed by Debreu [7, p. 301 as a natural generalization of an earher result of Grodal [14]. His specific conjecture receives an answer below (Theorem 2). Recently (see Delbaen [9], Dierker and Dierker [IO], and Hildenbrand [17]) a good deal of attention has been devoted in general equilibrium analysis to problems (on the continuity of the equihbrium correspondencep for example) which do essentially necessitate smoothness hypotheses. One can look at the theorems here as giving an assessment of their restrictiveness. If, as it is the case, economic data are not exact, then our results imply that differentiability hypotheses cannot be seriously in conflict with observation. Indeed, the density of the set of elements satisfying an economic assumption could be suggested as a first criterion for deciding if this assumption is in the nature of a regularity or a sub-
Proprioceptive feedback performance in patients with focal brain lesions

Utilization of proprioceptive feedback in a manual tracking task was studied in patients with circumscribed unilateral brain lesions. Patients with posterior right hemisphere disease showed severe impairment in performance as compared to those with lesions in other areas of the brain. Increasing the intensity of proprioceptive feedback facilitated the tracking performance of left hemisphere damaged patients while patients with right hemisphere lesions failed to improve. The results were interpreted as supporting the view that the posterior right hemisphere plays a particularly important role in the utilization of proprioceptive information to maintain the position of body parts in space.
Neurons and oligodendrocytes recycle sphingosine-1-phosphate to ceramide; significance for apoptosis and multiple sclerosis

Both cultured neonatal rat hippocampal neurons and differentiated oligodendrocytes rapidly metabolized exogenous C2- and C6-ceramides to sphingosine (Sph) and sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) but only minimally to C16–24-ceramides. Dihydrosphinolipids were unaffected but were increased by exogenous C6-dihydroceramide. Conversely, quantitative liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry technology showed that exogenous S1P (0.25–10 μm) was rapidly metabolized to both Sph (a >200-fold increase) and predominantly C18-ceramide (a >2-fold increase). Longer treatments with either C2-ceramide (>2.5 μm) or S1P (10 μm) led to apoptotic cell death. Thus, there is an active sphingolipid salvage pathway in both neurons and oligodendrocytes. Staurosporine-induced cell death was shown to be associated with decreased S1P and increased Sph and C16/18-ceramide levels. The physiological significance of this observation was confirmed by the analysis of affected white matter and plaques from brains of multiple sclerosis patients in which reduced S1P and increased Sph and C16/18-ceramides were observed.
Sodium selenite inhibits interleukin-6-mediated androgen receptor activation in prostate cancer cells via upregulation of c-Jun.

Background It has been suggested that interleukin-6 (IL-6) may modulate androgen receptor (AR) action to accelerate prostate cancer (PCa) progression. Selenium compounds are highly recommended as a promising chemopreventive agent for PCa. This study was to determine if selenium can repress IL-6 mediated AR action in PCa progression.
Invited Review: Nutrition Support Teams: Past, Present, and Future

Nutrition support teams have evolved rapidly and grown in numbers since the early 1970s. While not all hospitals have or need nutrition support teams, the team approach has been demonstrated to be an excellent mechanism for identifying patients in need of nutrition support, reducing the complications associated with enteral and parenteral nutrition, and providing cost-effective nutrition support in a variety of hospital environments. The organization of a nutrition support team is reviewed, and suggestions are outlined for team survival in this uncertain era of health care reform. New JCAHO standards are reported which require performance-based interdisciplinary delivery of nutrition support, and make it more likely that efficiently organized nutrition support teams will thrive and continue to make important contributions to safe and cost-effective health care now and in the immediate future.
Social Equity, Policy Intentions and Unanticipated Outcomes: A Comparative Analysis of Work–Life Balance Policies

Abstract Robert Merton's theoretical formulations of unanticipated consequences provide a useful tool for understanding the consequences of government policies. In this case study the work–life balance policies in the Netherlands over the past decade are analyzed. Based on the current understanding of family-friendly policies, one can assume that the policy intended to promote gender equality did not necessarily lead to equity in the workplace. This case study suggests that researchers and policymakers should engage the concept of unanticipated consequences of government policies into theory and research whenever possible.
New car test and actual fuel economy: yet another gap?

Abstract Automobile fuel economy derived from tests varies greatly from that obtained from actual daily use. This ‘gap’ appears to be growing because tests do not reflect real-world driving and because driving is increasingly becoming less fuel-efficient. Comparisons among the US, Canada and four European countries find that automobile fuel economy tests tend to understate fuel use by 15–25%. Since automobile fuel use is at the center of much environmental concern, the present analysis of new-car fuel economy suggests some mitigation techniques to close the test/actual fuel economy gap.
C2-Symmetric Ni(II) α-Diimines Featuring Cumyl-Derived Ligands: Synthesis of Improved Elastomeric Regioblock Polypropylenes

A series of chiral, nickel α-diimine complexes featuring ligands based on bulky cumyl-substituted aniline moieties was synthesized. Each complex was capable of polymerizing propylene upon activatio...
Chiral Extrapolation, Renormalization, and the Viability of the Quark Model

The relationship of the quark model to the known chiral properties of QCD is a long-standing problem in the interpretation of low-energy QCD. In particular, how can the pion be viewed as both a collective Goldstone-boson quasiparticle and as a valence-quark-antiquark bound state? A comparison of the many-body solution of a simplified model of QCD to the constituent-quark model demonstrates that the quark model is sufficiently flexible to describe meson hyperfine splitting provided proper renormalization conditions and correct degrees of freedom are employed consistently.
Psychological assessment (MMPI-2) of male african-american substance-abusing patients with and without histories of childhood physical abuse

Twenty-nine drug addicted patients in a VA substance abuse program with a history of childhood physical abuse were compared to 29 drug addicted patients without a history of childhood abuse, using the MMPI-2 as a measure of personality traits and functioning. Drug addicted patients with an abuse history showed psychological maladjustment on almost all measures and at greater levels of intensity and severity than the nonabused group. We conclude that drug addicted patients who have been abused represent a unique subset of the drug addicted population and may require targeted psychological treatment for residual problems associated with childhood abuse. This may then also improve the efficacy of substance abuse treatment as well.
AIDS and kitchen gardens: insights from a village in Western Kenya

In rural Africa, indigenous farming and natural resource management systems exemplified by kitchen gardens are being reshaped by the HIV/AIDS epidemic and its negative impacts (illness, stigma and mortality, and economic costs) and positive opportunities (organizational responses to the epidemic). Subtle changes in crops and farm techniques can be traced to these diverse influences of HIV+ infection, illness, mortality, widowhood, foster child care, and AIDS support groups, as well as the organizations, ideas, and flow of funding from outside. These findings draw on original field data: a village census, in-depth interviews with gardeners, and group discussions in a village in Bungoma District (in 2005 and 2007). This part of western Kenya is a typical small-farm zone that has faced a moderate HIV/AIDS epidemic since the 1990s, following decades of demographic, environmental, technological, and institutional changes. Implications of this case study for further research on HIV/AIDS and on micro-level population–environment change suggest that households are useful but imperfect analytical units and are best seen as part of complex social networks, shaping connections to markets. These important “mediating institutions” link AIDS as a demographic and economic force with environmental outcomes in cultivated landscapes.
Alcohol-Induced Interactive Phosphorylation of Src and Toll-like Receptor Regulates the Secretion of Inflammatory Mediators by Human Astrocytes

Secretion of pro-inflammatory molecules by astrocytes after alcohol treatment was shown to be associated with neuroinflammation. We hypothesized that activation of cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) and cyclooxygenase (COX-2) by ethanol in astrocytes enhanced the secretion of inflammatory agents via the interactive tyrosine phosphorylation of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and Src kinase. To test this hypothesis, we treated primary human astrocytes with 20 mM ethanol for 48 h at 37°C. Ethanol exposure elevated cytochrome P450-2E1 activity, reactive oxygen species levels, and secretion of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in these cells. Secretion of PGE2 was associated with induction of cPLA2 activity and protein content as well as COX-2 protein level in a Src phosphorylation-dependent manner that occurred by enhanced transcription. Immunoprecipitation and Western blot analyses indicated that the interactive tyrosine phosphorylation of TLR4–Src complex at the cell membrane triggered the activation of cPLA2 and COX-2 in the cytoplasm through a Src signaling intermediate. Inhibition of ethanol metabolism, blockage of Src activity, or inactivation of TLR4 prevented the activation of cPLA2 and COX-2 as well as diminished PGE2 production, suggesting that interactive phosphorylation of TLR4–Src regulated the pro-inflammatory response in astrocytes. Experiments with small interfering RNA knockdown of TLR4 in human astrocytes confirmed that silencing expression also abolished the interactive phosphorylation of both TLR4 and Src in the presence of ethanol.
Corrections to “ADMiRA: Atomic Decomposition for Minimum Rank Approximation” [Sep 10 4402-4416]

In this correspondence, a corrected version of the convergence analysis given by Lee and Bresler in the above titled paper (ibid., vol. 56, no. 9, pp. 4402-4416, Sep. 2010) is presented.
A numerical study of vertically propagating waves in a viscous isothermal atmosphere

A numerical investigation of vertically propagating one-dimensional waves in a viscous isothermal atmosphere is presented. The problem is treated as a time-dependent problem with a periodic excitation at the lower boundary, and solutions are computed until a periodic regime has been established. It is shown that waves may be reflected downward by the action of viscous forces and nonlinear effect (e.g. shock waves). Comparison is made with results of linear theory for the case of small viscosity.
Crystal structure of ethidium monoazide, a photoactive compound that reacts with nucleic acids

The crystal and molecular structure of ethidium monoazide, a photoactive derivative of ethidium, was determined from X-ray diffraction data. Crystals of 8-azidoethidium chloride monohydrate are monoclinic, space groupP21/c, witha = 8.336(5),b = 14.778(6),c = 16.873(5) A, and β = 99.90(3) ° The crystals are poorly ordered, weakly diffracting, and unstable in air. Intensity data were collected with an automated diffractometer from a crystal that was sealed in a thin-walled glass capillary. The structure was solved by direct methods and was refined by least squares toR = 0.20 for the complete set of 2126 unique reflections, and toR = 0.11 for 724 reflections with1 > 2σ(I). The results demonstrate that the photoactive azide moiety is attached to the 8-position of the phenanthridinium moiety. This azide group is almost linear, is nearly in the plane of the phenanthridinium ring, and is oriented away from the phenyl substituent (i.e.,trans to the C(7)-C(8) bond). Possible models for intercalation complexes of 8-azidoethidium with double-helical nucleic acids were examined by modifying published coordinates from crystal structures of ethidium-dinucleotide complexes. When in the conformation observed in this crystal structure, 8-azidoethidium can be substituted for ethidium in the published complexes without suffering any unacceptable steric interactions.
Training Consultants: A Call to Action

The development of consultation skills lags far behind the development of counseling skills in most counselor education programs. Some of the reasons why consultation training is not emphasized are examined, and some remedies are suggested.
Radon daughter aerosols in ambient air

Abstract The aerodynamic size distribution of short-lived radon daughters 214 Pb and 212 Pb in ambient aerosol particles were measured using low pressure as well as conventional 1 ACFM and high volume impactors. The activity distribution of 214 Pb and 212 Pb, measured by alpha spectroscopy, was largely associated with submicron aerosols in the accumulation mode 0.08 to 2 μm. The activity median aerodynamic diameter (AMAD) ranged form 0.09 μm to 0.37 μm (mean 0.16 μm) for 214 Pb and from 0.07 μm to 0.25 μm (mean 0.13 μm) for 212 Pb. The mean values of the geometric standard deviation were σ g = 2.97 and σ g = 2.86, respectively. In 67% of the measurements the activity distribution of 214 Pb was slightly shifted to larger particle sizes, probably because α-recoil detachment of 214 Pb preferentially depletes smaller particles. Recondensation of the 214 Pb results in an enrichment of the larger particles. Early morning and afternoon measurements indicated smaller size associations occur in the afternoon.
Metabolism studies of 3,3′,4,4′-tetrachloroazobenzene. I. In vitro metabolic pathways with rat liver microsomes☆

The metabolism of 3,3′,4,4′-tetrachloroazobenzene (TCAB), an important environmental and occupational toxicant, by rat liver microsomes has been examined in a NADPH-generating system. The metabolic pathways were delineated by the combined use of high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The rate of [14C]TCAB metabolism using induced microsomes was found to be 381 ± 59 pmol/min/mg microsomal protein. Approximately 13% of the radioactivity from the [14C]TCAB substrate was covalently bound to the macromolecular pellet at the end of a 2-h incubation period. In addition, three distinct TCAB metabolites were isolated from the organic extracts and subsequently identified. Experiments with carbon monoxide, 2-diethylaminoethyl 2,2-diphenylvalerate hydrochloride (SKF 525-A), and control (uninduced) microsomes indicated the participation of the cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenases. The biological significance of both oxidative and reductive metabolic pathways were discussed. It was suggested that the generation of a reactive arene oxide intermediate mediated by oxidative enzymes may be crucial for some of the TCAB toxic effects observed in rodent tissues.
Dynamics of Housing Price: Foreclosure Rate Interactions

The dynamic impacts of the federal funds rate and the foreclosure rate on the log of the S&P/Case-Shiller aggregate 10-city monthly housing price index are investigated using VMA modeling techniques in the period 2000(1)–2011(3). The findings are consistent with the view that the interest rate policy of the Federal Reserve in that period that kept rates artificially low contributed to the housing bubble. Positive shocks in the foreclosure rate are shown to be associated with declines in the change in the housing price index after a lag. In addition, negative shocks in the change in the housing price index are associated with a higher foreclosure rate. The results suggest that both the change in the housing price index and the foreclosure rate create a negative externality that is dynamic.
An Alignment Procedure for an Electrostatic Analyzer

A procedure is described which electrically checks the entrance and exit tangents of an electrostatic analyzer. Audio frequency modulation of the direction of the incident beam is used to fill the aperture of the analyzer. Alignment adjustments may be made while observing signals delivered to oscilloscopes.
Factors Affecting Volunteerism among Older Adults

This study examines whether employment status has an effect on a person's decision to volunteer and the number of hours volunteered. The data are from the 1993 Asset and Health Dynamics Among the Oldest Old (AHEAD) study. Demographic and socioeconomic characteristics are used to determine the rate of volunteering in relation to employment status because fewer people remain in the workforce among the older population. A logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between respondents who did or did not volunteer within the past 12 months. A regression analysis suggested that part-time work, age, education, importance of religion, and health status are significantly related to volunteer hours. Although only a small number of respondents are currently working, the number of volunteer hours contributed is higher in comparison to past studies.
Dorsal plane computed tomographic imaging of the ethmoid region to evaluate chronic nasal disease in the dog.

Computed tomographic anatomy of the normal canine ethmoid region using both transverse and dorsal imaging plane is described. In the transverse plane, the cribriform plate appears as an irregular heart-shaped to rectangular structure that is generally visualized on no more than one to two contiguous 4-mm slices. In the dorsal plane, the cribriform plate appears as a discrete “V”-shaped structure and can be visualized on four to five contiguous slices. Successful visualization of the cribriform was less dependent on patient positioning for the dorsal plane imaging studies. Computed tomographic findings in four dogs with chronic nasal disease and complete postmortem examination of the ethmoid region indicate that the dorsal imaging plane allows a more accurate assessment of cribriform plate involvement than the transverse imaging plane.
Threshold values for preserved viability with a noninvasive measurement of collateral blood flow during acute myocardial infarction treated by direct coronary angioplasty.

Background —Quantitative measures of myocardial perfusion defect severity from acute 99mTc-sestamibi tomographic images (nadir) have correlated closely with collateral and residual antegrade blood flow during acute myocardial infarction. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a viability threshold could be identified from this measure in patients with acute myocardial infarction treated in a homogeneous manner with successful reperfusion therapy. Methods and Results —The study group consisted of 61 patients with acute myocardial infarction with a risk area of >6% LV treated with primary angioplasty between 120 and 240 minutes after symptom onset. All patients were injected with 20 to 30 mCi of 99mTc-sestamibi before primary angioplasty and imaged after the procedure. Acute myocardium at risk (MAR) and subsequent infarct size (IS) were quantified by a threshold program. Severity (nadir) from the acute image was the lowest ratio of minimal/maximum counts from 5 short-axis slices. Infarct location was anterior in 22 and inferior in 39 patients. MAR was 33±15% LV and IS was 13±15% LV: 23 patients had no infarction despite MAR similar to those with infarction. Receiver-operator characteristic curve analysis identified a nadir value of 0.26 as providing the best separation of patients with and without infarction (sensitivity, 74%; specificity, 74%). This nadir threshold varied by infarct location: anterior defect, 0.21; inferior defect, 0.31. The sensitivity and specificity for absent infarction for these values were anterior, 69% and 67%, and inferior, 88% and 84%, respectively. Conclusions —In a time frame in which the presence of residual blood flow is important, the severity of the acute 99mTc-sestamibi defect can be used to predict whether infarction will develop despite successful reperfusion.
Cooperation-Competition and Self-Esteem A Case of Cultural Relativism

Several empirical studies have demonstrated that among Black and White U.S. children high self-esteem is associated with competitiveness. To test the generality of that relationship, the correlation of self-esteem and cooperation-competition was assessed among two generations of Mexican-American children and an Anglo-American comparison group. Among second-generation Mexican-American children, who display a cultural norm of cooperativeness, high self-esteem was significantly correlated with cooperativeness; among Anglo-American children, who display a cultural norm of competitiveness, high self-esteem was associated with competitiveness; among third-generation Mexican-American children, who do not demonstrate clear cooperation-competition norms, no clear relationship between self-esteem and cooperation-competition was found. Results do not support the generality of a self-esteem cooperation-competition relationship; rather, they are consistent with the interpretation that self-esteem is partially a functi...