cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evolution of porosity and diffusivity associated with chemical weathering of a basalt clast

[1] Weathering of rocks as a result of exposure to water and the atmosphere can cause significant changes in their chemistry and porosity. In low-porosity rocks, such as basalts, changes in porosity, resulting from chemical weathering, are likely to modify the rock's effective diffusivity and permeability, affecting the rate of solute transport and thus potentially the rate of overall weathering to the extent that transport is the rate limiting step. Changes in total porosity as a result of mineral dissolution and precipitation have typically been used to calculate effective diffusion coefficients through Archie's law for reactive transport simulations of chemical weathering, but this approach fails to account for unconnected porosity that does not contribute to transport. In this study, we combine synchrotron X-ray microcomputed tomography (μCT) and laboratory and numerical diffusion experiments to examine changes in both total and effective porosity and effective diffusion coefficients across a weathering interface in a weathered basalt clast from Costa Rica. The μCT data indicate that below a critical value of ∼9%, the porosity is largely unconnected in the basalt clast. The μCT data were further used to construct a numerical pore network model to determine upscaled, effective diffusivities as a function of total porosity (ranging from 3 to 30%) for comparison with diffusivities determined in laboratory tracer experiments. By using effective porosity as the scaling parameter and accounting for critical porosity, a model is developed that accurately predicts continuum-scale effective diffusivities across the weathering interface of the basalt clast.
The Marriage Commitment—Reply to Landau

A reply to Landau's objections to the author's earlier ‘An Argument against Marriage’ (Philosophy, 78, 2003, 79-91). In particular it is argued that ‘working’ at a relationship is valid only when there is a relationship to be worked at; it cannot, as Landau urges, be a reason for maintaining a relationship which has ceased.
Modeling electronic waste recovery systems under uncertainty

Firms operating in the electronic waste (e-waste) recovery business, voluntarily or because of legislation, would like to develop strategies that minimize their financial burden. A mass flow and economic model is developed to quantify the variation of economic performance of an e-waste recovery system due to product, collection, and market uncertainties. The goal is to highlight scenarios that may lead to economic success. The analysis shows that though the recovery of residential e-waste is typically unprofitable, there exist scrap market conditions in which a mix of primarily high value returns (laptops, PCs) may lead to net revenue. In a monitor-only scenario, when dealing with LCD as opposed to CRT monitors, the economic burden decreases at a steeper rate as scrap market prices improve.
Acinetobacter Contamination of Laboratory Dental Pumice

Micro-organisms of the genus Acinetobacter, implicated as opportunistic pathogens, have been recovered from dentures after laboratory repair. A study was undertaken to determine if Acinetobacter could be isolated from used dental pumice. Cultural studies demonstrated that Acinetobacter calcoaceticus variety lwoffi was present in high numbers in used pumice and was a major gram-negative microbial contaminant.
Neutralization of the effects of captopril by the use of ibuprofen in an elderly woman

This case report demonstrates that the antihypertensive effects of captopril were neutralized by the concomitant administration of ibuprofen. If elderly patients on ACE inhibitors show evidence of a "noncompliant" worsening of their hypertension, a thorough review of all the patient's medications, including the use of over-the-counter ibuprofen, should be undertaken.
SERUM GASTRIN I CONCENTRATIONS OF MOTHER AND NEWBORN IMMEDIATELY AFTER BIRTH

Serum gastrin I (GLU-GLY-PRO-TRYP-LEU(GLU)6-ALA-[formula, see text]-GLY-TRY-MET-ASP-PHE-CO-NH2) concentrations were investigated by radioimmunoassay in 50 mothers and their newborn infants immediately after birth. The mean serum gastrin concentration in maternal blood was 52.80 +/- 13.37 (SD) pg/ml, and in cord blood 84.12 +/- 42.90 (SD) pg/ml. Both values were significantly higher than serum gastrin levels found in normal, healthy, nonpregnant women (Mean +/- SD = 32.34 +/- 18.35 pg/ml). There were no statistically significant differences in the cord serum gastrin concentrations with respect to sex, weight and length of the infant and age and parity of the mother.
Sheared DNA fragment sizing: comparison of techniques

DNA fragmented by conventional French press shearing procedures (30,000 lbs/in2) has a number-average fragment size of 230 base pairs. This is considerably smaller than the 450 base pairs typically reported for DNA sheared by this method. Comparison of 5 sizing techniques indicates that sheared DNA fragment size is overestimated by either measurement of velocity sedimentation or Kleinschmidt Electron Microscopic visualization. Both adsorption grid electron microscopic visualization and gel electrophoresis yield the most reliable estimates of the mean size of small DNA fragment populations. In addition, the assessment of fragment size distribution (not possible from sedimentation analysis) potentially allows more critical evaluation of DNA hybridization and reassociation kinetic and measurement parameters.
Vehicular Network simulation propagation loss model parameter standardization in ns-3 and beyond

Vehicular Networks (VANETs) continue to mature and their installation is becoming a reality. Meanwhile, simulation has become an indispensable tool for validating design and providing insight into how complex systems work. Yet the results of a simulation are only as good as the simulator's configuration. The network simulator 3 (ns-3) provides a host of propagation loss models, some of which are applicable to VANETs. In this work, we evaluate these models and then offer standard values for the propagation loss model parameters in an effort to normalize VANET simulation and provide researchers the ability to compare their work. The proposed values are then demonstrated to achieve the desired effective range as empirically determined in other work.
Cyclin D1 genetic heterozygosity regulates colonic epithelial cell differentiation and tumor number in ApcMin mice

Constitutive β-catenin/Tcf activity, the primary transforming events in colorectal carcinoma, occurs through induction of the Wnt pathway or APC gene mutations that cause familial adenomatous polyposis. Mice carrying Apc mutations in their germ line (ApcMin) develop intestinal adenomas. Here, the crossing of ApcMin with cyclin D1−/− mice reduced the intestinal tumor number in animals genetically heterozygous or nullizygous for cyclin D1. Decreased tumor number in the duodenum, intestines, and colons of ApcMin/cyclin D1+/− mice correlated with reduced cellular proliferation and increased differentiation. Cyclin D1 deficiency reduced DNA synthesis and induced differentiation of colonic epithelial cells harboring mutant APC but not wild-type APC cells in vivo. In previous studies, the complete loss of cyclin D1 through homozygous genetic deletion conveyed breast tumor resistance. The protection of mice, genetically predisposed to intestinal tumorigenesis, through cyclin D1 heterozygosity suggests that modalities that reduce cyclin D1 abundance could provide chemoprotection.
Atlas contributes to geomagnetic reversal record debate

The intensive reexamination of reversal records underway has led to the creation of the Atlas of Reversal Records, which presents at least 115 records in a standard form. For each record an Excel file provides information on the publication reference, type of rock, site latitude and longitude, name and age of the transition, polarity, and the sedimentation rate, if available. The data for each record include the stratigraphic height, declination, inclination and intensity, and the sequence of the virtual geomagnetic poles. Figures 1, 2, and 3 show the data for the Steens Mountain record as they are presented in the atlas.
Comparison of Self-Referred And Physician-Referred Patients To a Pediatric Diagnostic Center:

Self-referral of children by parents without the knowledge of the child's regular physician can lead to redundant or unnecessary testing and difficulty in arranging follow-up care. This study was designed to investigate reasons for self-referral in a hospital-based pediatric diagnostic center. During the study period, 59 patients were referred by their regular physicians and 51 were self-referred. In multiple-choice questionnaires completed by 85% of the parents, nearly half (18/39; 46%) of those who were self-referred but only 2/51 (4%) of physician-referred parents said the child's regular physician was unconcerned about the medical problem. Further study on the causes for this perception is needed before recommendations can be made to physicians about demonstrating their concern to families.
Category accessibility and impression formation

The present study examined the immediate and delayed effects of unobtrusive exposure to personality trait terms (e.g., “reckless”, “persistent”) on subjects' subsequent judgments and recollection of information about another person. Before reading a description of a stimulus person, subjects were unobtrusively exposed to either positive or negative trait terms that either could or could not be used to characterize this person. When the trait terms were applicable to the description of the stimulus person, subjects' characterizations and evaluations of the person reflected the denotative and evaluative aspects of the trait categories activated by the prior exposure to these terms. However, the absence of any effects for nonapplicable trait terms suggested that exposure to trait terms with positive or negative associations was not in itself sufficient to determine attributions and evaluations. Prior verbal exposure had little effect on reproduction of the descriptions. Moreover, no reliable difference in either evaluation or reproduction was found between subjects who overtly characterized the stimulus person and those who did not. Exposure to applicable trait terms had a greater delayed than immediate effect on subjects' evaluations of the stimulus person, suggesting that subjects may have discounted their categorizations of the stimulus person when making their immediate evaluations. The implications of individual and situational variation in the accessibility of different categories for judgments of self and others are considered.
Antilymphocyte antibodies against CD4+2H4+ cell populations in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

In previous studies, we demonstrated that patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) had significantly decreased percentages of circulating CD4+2H4+ suppressor/inducer cells. The decrease in this T cell subset was most frequent and most marked in patients with active SLE and renal disease. In the present study, we attempted to determine whether SLE patients had plasma antilymphocyte antibodies preferentially reactive with the CD4+2H4+ subset. We found that many SLE patients did have these specifically reactive antibodies. Furthermore, the presence of antilymphocyte antibodies reactive with CD4+2H4+ cells correlated with disease activity in these patients. Also, in vitro functional studies revealed that suppressor/inducer function was eliminated in the pokeweed mitogen-driven IgG synthesis system after the treatment of CD4 cells with patient plasma antilymphocyte antibodies and complement. These results suggest that antilymphocyte antibodies play a role in the elimination of CD4+2H4+ cells in patients with active SLE.
The regulatory status of center-based infant and toddler child care.

Ten years ago, a review of U.S. center-based infant and toddler care found that not even one state met federally recommended standards of quality with regard to group composition, staff training, and program of care. The present analysis indicates that little progress has been made since then. While most states currently require centers to follow appropriate practice guidelines, standards for staff training were rated as unacceptable in almost all states. Findings are discussed in terms of the interrelation of quality dimensions and the ongoing importance of improved state-level infant and toddler child-care regulation.
Interacting JNK-docking Sites in MKK7 Promote Binding and Activation of JNK Mitogen-activated Protein Kinases

D-sites are a class of MAPK-docking sites that have been found in many MAPK regulators and substrates. A single functional, high affinity D-site has been identified near the N terminus of each of the MAPK kinases (MKKs or MEKs) MEK1, MEK2, MKK3, MKK4, and MKK6. Here we demonstrated that MKK7 recognizes its target JNK by a novel mechanism involving a partially cooperative interaction of three low affinity D-sites in the N-terminal domain of MKK7. Mutations of the conserved residues within any one of the three docking sites (D1, D2, and D3) disrupted the ability of the N-terminal domain of MKK7β to bind JNK1 by about 50–70%. Moreover, mutation of any two of the three D-sites reduced binding by about 80–90%, and mutation of all three reduced binding by 95%. Full-length MKK7 containing combined D1/D2 mutations was compromised for binding to JNK1 and exhibited reduced JNK1 kinase activity when compared with wild-type MKK7. Peptide versions of the D-sites from MKK4 or the JIP-1 scaffold protein inhibited MKK7-JNK binding, suggesting that all three JNK regulators bind to the same region of JNK. Moreover, peptide versions of any of the three D-sites of MKK7 inhibited the ability of JNK1 and JNK2 to phosphorylate their transcription factor substrates c-Jun and ATF2, suggesting that D-site-containing substrates also compete with MKK7 for docking to JNK. Finally, MKK7-derived D-site peptides exhibited selective inhibition of JNK1 versus ERK2. We conclude that MKK7 contains three JNK-docking sites that interact to selectively bind JNK and contribute to JNK signal transmission and specificity.
Assessing the Value Proposition for Operationally Responsive Space

Operationally Responsive Space (ORS) emphasizes meeting the needs of stakeholders in a timely and effective manner. In order to assess the value proposition of ORS, MultiAttribute Tradespace Exploration is used to analyze alternative space system architectures using a unifying set of performance metrics. First, multi-attribute utility functions are elicited to quantitatively understand the distinction between stakeholder needs for ORS and legacy requirements. Second, candidate satellite systems are defined through a full-factorial sampling of enumerated design variables. Third, a physics-based performance model and a schedule model are constructed to calculate the cost and utility of the candidate designs. This value-centric design approach allows for the evaluation of both ORS and legacy space system preferences on the design space.
Next Generation Virtual Memory Management

The goal of virtual memory is an abstraction of infinite and private memory for every process. Unfortunately, the insatiable memory demands of modern applications increasingly violate this abstraction by exposing capacity, bandwidth, and performance limitations of modern hardware. Furthermore, emerging memory technologies are likely to exacerbate this problem. For instance, non-volatile memory differs from DRAM due to its asymmetric read/write performance and thus will likely be an addition rather than a drop-in replacement for DRAM. This talk will describe these problems and recent architecture and software innovations that address of some of them. If adopted, these solutions will impose substantial challenges for operating system memory management, which has evolved very slowly over the past 30 years. I will draw lessons from the past 15 years of garbage collection advances to suggest some promising directions for innovation.
Measurement of Low-k Polymerimetal Interfacial Toughness Using 4-point Bending Method

Four-point bending method offers significant advantages over more traditional techniques in measuring adhesion properties of thin polymer films. The former utilizes sandwich structure beams where the polymer film and the interface of interest are placed at the center of two elastic bulks. Such confined geometry closely resembles applications where polymer films are used as dielectric layers in IC interconnect technology. In this work, the bonding between a poly(arylene ether) (PAE) based polymer film and an Al film was studied. Ti layers of several different thickness were used as adhesion promoter. The sandwich samples were made by bonding bulk wafers using an epoxy. Fracture energies were seen to increase with the thickness of the Ti layer. Effects of heat treatment were also studied.
Logistic Regression Analysis of Influencing Factors on Immunization Coverage Rate of Floating Children

Objective To investigate the immunization coverage of children in brick kiln factories of Nantong City,to evaluate the current status of its implementation,and to analyze the main factors that influence the coverage of children immunization. Methods Using a random cluster sampling method,197 parents of floating children of brick kiln factories were surveyed with a self-designed questionnaire.The immunization coverage of children and the influencing factors were investigated. Results The rates of establishing cards and certificates were 91.88% and 97.97%,respectively.The immunization coverage rates of BCG,OPV3,DPT3,MV,and HepB3 were 59.17%,59.17%,56.80%,84.62%,and 54.44%,respectively.The coverage rate of five vaccines was 49.70%.Stepwise Logistic regression analysis displayed that the factors which affected the coverage rate of five vaccines were children's residence time(OR=1.387),birth place(OR=0.425),whether to say vaccine name(OR=1.351) and practice period of inoculation clinic(OR=0.501). Conclusions The key points of improving the coverage rate of vaccines among the floating children of brick kiln factories are as follows: further improving and strengthening the scientific management of EPI,increasing the awareness rate of EPI-related knowledge among the parents,and improving the service quality of inoculation department.
NIMG-60TREATMENT RESPONSE KINETICS AND EXCEPTIONAL SURVIVAL IN GLIOBLASTOMA

Although glioblastoma (GBM) is considered a uniformly fatal disease, roughly 2-5% of GBM patients survive longer than 5 years. In this study, we sought to elucidate how response to treatment may be similar or different in long-term survivors (LTS) defined as living longer than 3 years (n = 12) versus patients with typical overall survival ( 3 years and the typical cohort as <3 years. Tumor kinetics were calculated as the difference in radius divided by number of days between scans. We investigated pretreatment characteristics of the two groups and found no significant (SD) in age (p = 0.30), RPA-score (p = 0.16), or pre-treatment tumor growth (LTS 45 mm/year vs typical patient, 258 mm/year, p= 0.33). The response to radiation was compared using the average radial velocity during radiation; there was no SD (-5.9 vs -9.7 mm/year; p= 0.715). Post-radiation, LTS exhibit a significantly (p = 0.021) slower rate of tumor growth (-1.095 versus 6.205 mm/year). Furthermore, the time for the tumor to reach its minimum size is significantly longer in those with exceptional OS (668.30 vs. 158.47 days, p= 0.020). If the tumor phenotype is manifested in the growth kinetics, these results suggest that the difference between LTS and average OS is contingent on the ability to control the tumor after adjuvant therapy, and not in differences that were present prior to intervention. The concept that treatment has selected for a different, less aggressive phenotype compels investigation of any molecular or other pre-treatment features predictive of this result.
Facility detection and popularity assessment from text classification of social media and crowdsourced data

Advances in technology have continually progressed our understanding of where people are, how they use the environment around them, and why they are at their current location. Having a better knowledge of when various locations become popular through space and time could have large impacts on research fields like urban dynamics and energy consumption. In this paper, we discuss the ability to identify and locate various facility types (e.g. restaurant, airport, stadiums) using social media, and assess methods in determining when these facilities become popular over time. We use standard natural language processing tools and machine learning classifiers to interpret geotagged Twitter text and determine if a user is seemingly at a location of interest when the tweet was sent. On average our classifiers are approximately 85% accurate varying across multiple facility types, with a peak precision of 98%. By using these standard methods to classify unstructured text, geotagged social media data can be an extremely useful tool to better understanding the composition of places and how and when people use them.
Killing of Quiescent and Cycling Chronic Myeloid Leukemia CD34+ Cells by Autologous Ex-Vivo Expanded Natural Killer Cells Is Enhanced by Bortezomib Treatment.

Abstract 3395 Although non-cycling quiescent CD34+ chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cells are more resistant to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) and cell-mediated immunity than their cycling counterparts, bortezomib treatment of these cells enhances the cytotoxic effect of allogeneic natural killer (NK) cells from HLA-identical sibling donors against them (Yong, et al, Blood 2009;113:875-82). To extend these observations for clinical application in CML patients ineligible for allogeneic stem cell transplantation, we studied the effect of autologous NK cells from patients with established CML against cycling and quiescent CD34+ CML cells. Purified NK cells from CML patients were cultured over 11–18 days, according to the technique previously reported for NK cells from healthy individuals, using irradiated EBV-LCLs as feeder cells, and interleukin-2. Autologous NK cells were expanded in 12 (6 chronic phase, 6 accelerated phase [AP]) of 14 CML patients with overt disease, achieving greater than 10-fold NK expansion in over 75% of patients. Expanded autologous NK cells were BCR-ABL negative by fluorescence in situ hybridization. In two patients with advanced CML (one blast crisis and another AP), autologous NK cells failed to expand. Using fluorescence activated cell sorting, the progeny of CD34+ CML cells after 4 days culture in serum-free media supplemented with interleukin-3, interleukin-6, stem cell factor, granulocyte-colony stimulating factor and Flt-3 ligand were isolated into cycling CD34-negative and CD34+, and non-cycling quiescent CD34+ populations. Expanded autologous NK cells lysed quiescent CD34+ cells from CML patients but these non-cycling cells were less susceptible to lysis than their cycling CD34+ and CD34-negative counterparts. Addition of the clinically achievable dose of 10nM bortezomib to CD34+ cell cultures significantly enhanced the cytotoxic effects of expanded autologous NK cells on cycling and quiescent non-cycling CD34+ CML cells by 20–40% compared to without pre-treatment. The increased sensitivity to autologous NK-cytotoxicity correlated with increased expression of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) receptors DR4 and DR5 on the surface of CD34+ quiescent cells, and was reversed by blocking TRAIL. Conversely, enhanced autologous NK-cytotoxicity against cycling CD34+ cells occurred independent of TRAIL and was mediated through upregulation of NKG2D ligands MICA/B, and reversed by NKG2D blockade. The direct pharmacologic effect of bortezomib on primitive CML progenitors is complementary to its ability to sensitize quiescent and cycling CD34+ CML cells to autologous NK cell cytotoxicity, and these findings support its further development as an adjunct treatment with adoptive transfer of autologous expanded NK cells in CML patients who are resistant to TKI and are not eligible for allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Path models and mimo capacity for measured indoor channels at 5.8 GHz

Cumulative distribution functions (CDFs) for multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) capacities are computed for flat-fading indoor channels at 5.8 GHz. These CDFs are based on two measured channels and on reconstructions of the MIMO channels from path parameters that are estimated based on measured data. The measured data was obtained using the stepped-frequency method of channel sounding in combination with 3-D virtual arrays (also known as synthetic arrays) at both ends of the link. The channels were measured for various antenna element spacings. Several versions of the ESPRIT approach are used to estimate the complex amplitudes, delays, directions-of-arrival (DOAs) and directions-of-departure (DODs) of each path of propagation. One version sequentially estimates each set of parameters. Another version estimates the delays and then jointly estimates the DOAs and DODs, and still other versions jointly estimate all the parameters. A residual estimation error (REE) approach to detecting the number of paths is proposed. We compare the REE results and the capacity CDFs for the different parameter estimation methods and for different antenna element spacings. Sensitivity of the capacity to spacing is observed.
Performance Evaluation of Video Analytics for Traffic Incident Detection and Vehicle Counts Collection

Current incident detection and traffic monitoring method using closed-circuit television (CCTV) cameras meets with limitations as the coverage of CCTV cameras rapidly expands. In general, traffic operators at Traffic Operation Center (TOC) have to manage and monitor numerous CCTV cameras deployed on roadways. Thus, many transportation agencies consider the use of video analytics system to reduce incident detection time and minimize traffic impacts, but they also want to validate the performance of the video analytics system whether it can work with their existing video surveillance infrastructure before procuring the system. To that end, a pilot study was designed and conducted to evaluate the accuracy of a video analytics product by integrating with CCTV cameras deployed on highways. The pilot study was designed to evaluate the accuracy of video analytics in detecting incidents and collecting traffic counts. The test results show that the performance of video analytics is significantly impacted by video quality and other environmental factors such as lighting and weather conditions.
Myeloid Sarcoma Involving the Gynecologic Tract

Myeloid sarcoma can involve any anatomic site, but involvement of the gynecologic tract is uncommon. We describe 11 women, 17 to 60 years old, with myeloid sarcoma involving the gynecologic tract, including 5 patients in whom myeloid sarcoma presented as an isolated mass. The uterus was the most frequently involved anatomic site, in 8 patients (5 corpus, 3 cervix). Each neoplasm diffusely infiltrated normal structures, and, cytologically 7 tumors were immature, 3 were differentiated, and 1 was blastic. In 9 cases assessed, immunohistochemical stains showed that all neoplasms were positive for myeloperoxidase and lysozyme; CD117 was positive in 7 of 8 cases, and cytochemical staining for naphthol AS-D chloroacetate was positive in all 6 neoplasms analyzed. Following chemotherapy, complete remission and long-term survival were achieved in a subset of patients, as was particularly true for 2 patients (cases 8 and 10), with complete remission 12.5 and 31 years after diagnosis, respectively.
Restricted Photoinduced Conformational Change in the Cu(I) Complex for Sensing Mechanical Properties

When designing photoresponsive materials, the impact of a polymer host matrix on the photophysical and photochemical properties of chromophores can be dramatic and advantageous for correlating macromolecular properties. Some compounds possess changes in their photophysical response with variation in the surrounding media (e.g., crystalline glass vs solution). This study demonstrates how changes in the excited state dynamics of [Cu(dmp)2]+, where dmp = 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline, are used to quantitatively probe the viscosity of the surrounding polymer matrix. A correlation of both excited state lifetime and photoluminescence emission wavelength on viscosity was observed in different supramolecular materials containing [Cu(dmp)2]+. These effects were attributed to restricted photoinduced structural distortion of the Cu(I) complex as the polymer matrix hardened. This photoluminescence sensor features a greater dynamic range for viscosity sensing (6 orders of magnitude) and displayed larger changes in ...
Application of the Integral Equation Method to Flows Around a Wing with Circular-Arc Section

An integral equation (or called field-panel, field-boundary element) scheme for solving the full-potential equation for transonic flows has been developed. The full-potential equation has been written in the form of the Poisson’s equation. Compressibility has been treated as non-homogeneity. The integral equation solution in terms of velocity field is obtained by the Green’s theorem. The solution consists of surface (boundary elements) integral term(s) of vorticity/source distributions), wake surface (boundary elements) integral term(s) of free-vortex sheet(s) and a volume (field-elements) integral term of compressibility over a small limited domain around the source of disturbance. Solution procedure is an iterative procedure for non-linear flows. To consist with the mixed-nature of transonic flows, the Murman-Cole type-difference scheme is used to compute the derivatives of the density for non-linear flows. The present scheme is applied to flows around a rectangular wing with circular-arc section.
Asymmetries Between Perception and Action

The present book has so far concentrated mainly on symmetries or similarities in the structures and processes for perception and production. Mental nodes represent the main structural symmetry, and these shared theoretical components for perception and action contribute to empirical symmetries such as the Freudian error symmetry (see also Chapter 2). The Freudian error symmetry refers to the virtual indistinguishability of Freudian misperceptions versus misproductions. Compare these examples: carcinoma substituted for Barcelona by someone preoccupied with the disease, and battle scared general substituted for battle scarred general by a speaker believing the general to be scared of battle (see Chapter 4). One error is a misperception, and the other is a misproduction, but it would be difficult for an otherwise uninformed observer to tell which was which.
Thresholds, Vagueness and the Psychology of Small Improvements

I argue that recent accounts of incomparability rely on empirically inadequate accounts of the psychology of choice. I support that claim by offering a novel analysis of cases of small improvements, which arise when neither of two alternatives (A and B) count as better than the other, although we can identify some small improvement of A that clearly counts as better than A but not better than B. Drawing on the work of economist Herbert Simon, I suggest that cases of small improvements only appear to raise a case of incomparability because of differences in the search costs of making certain comparisons and the way those differences can lead to intransitive preference structures. In Sections 11.1 and 11.2, I introduce the problem of small improvements, explain why it has been thought to establish a case of incomparability, and identify the main responses found in the literature. In Section 11.3, I summarize some recent work on the psychology of comparison and explain how it applies to the case of small improvements. In Section 11.4, I lay out an account based on that research and explain why I find it compelling. In Section 11.5, I conclude by identifying the implications my account would have for discussions of the problem of incomparability and practical reason more generally.
Severe opioid withdrawal precipitated by Vivitrol

The risk of severe precipitated opioid withdrawal (POW) is amplified when precipitated by a long-acting opioid antagonist. IM extended release naltrexone (XRNTX;Vivitrol®) is an FDA approved therapy to prevent relapse of opioid and alcohol abuse. Two cases of precipitated opioid withdrawal from XRNTX are presented that illustrate different patient reactions to POW. A 56-year-old woman developed a hypertensive emergency and required continuous intravenous vasodilator, clonidine, and intensive care monitoring after re-initiation of XRNTX following opioid relapse. A 25-year-old man developed agitation and altered mental status after receipt of XRNTX at the conclusion of a twelve-day detoxification program during which he continued surreptitious use of heroin. The patient received benzodiazepines and haloperidol without adequate affect, and required intubation with propofol, lorazepam, and dexmedetomidine infusions. Management of POW from XRNTX is a challenge to emergency providers and protocols to guide management do not exist. Recommended therapies include intravenous fluids, anti-emetics, clonidine, or benzodiazepines as well as therapy tailored to the organ system affected. To minimize risk of POW it is important for providers instituting XRNTX to adhere to the manufacturers warnings and clinic protocols including a naloxone challenge and ensure an adequate opioid free period prior to administration of XRNTX.
Collaborative research reveals cryptic declines within the multispecies California rock crab fishery

Abstract The southern California rock crab fishery targets stocks comprised of three species: red (Cancer productus), yellow (Metacarcinus anthonyi), and brown rock crab (Romaleon antennarium). Fishers have expressed concern about the sustainability of the fishery due to increased fishing effort over the past decade, and because it is managed as one assemblage despite distinct life history differences among the species. We collaborated with fishers to test for stock-specific declines in key fishery-dependent indicators by replicating a 2008 study in 2016–2017 and comparing indicator values between years using multiple regression techniques. Indicators included spatially explicit species-level data for size, catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE), discard rate, sex composition, and trap location and depth across the heavily fished Santa Barbara Channel and Northern Channel Islands. Results showed significant declines in male size, overall CPUE, and proportion of crab landed versus discarded for heavily targeted stocks, translating to fewer pounds per trap and potential financial losses for fishers. Fishing and environmental conditions may have both contributed to stock declines. Evidence of decline differed substantially across space, species, and sex. We suggest that a spatially explicit and adaptive approach to empirically managing southern California rock crab may help to protect fishers from financial loss and avoid continued depletion of certain stocks, and we show that relatively simple collaborative approaches can provide defensible insight into complex systems.
Monthly variation of hot flashes, night sweats, and trouble sleeping: effect of season and proximity to the final menstrual period (FMP) in the SWAN Menstrual Calendar substudy.

Objective Although reproductive function is influenced by season, few studies have evaluated seasonal effects on menopausal symptoms. We assessed the impact of season and proximity to the final menstrual period (FMP) on frequency of symptom reporting. Methods In all, 955 participants in the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation recorded whether or not they had experienced menopausal symptoms on a monthly menstrual calendar over a 10-year period. We modeled the log-odds of presence of a given symptom each month using a logistic mixed-effects model, assuming a third-order polynomial before the FMP and a different third-order polynomial after the FMP. We assumed sine and cosine functions for month of the year. Results Five to 10 years before the FMP, ∼20% of women reported hot flashes and night sweats, whereas ∼40% reported trouble sleeping. Prevalence rose ∼4 years before the FMP with a sharp jump in hot flash (∼60%) and night sweats (∼40%) prevalence coincident with the FMP. Peaks in hot flashes and trouble sleeping were observed in July with troughs in January. The peak and trough in night sweats occurred about 1 month earlier. Odds of hot flashes, night sweats, and trouble sleeping were 66%, 50%, and 24% greater, respectively, at the seasonal peak versus the seasonal minimum. Conclusion Menopausal symptoms exhibit seasonal variation associated with the summer and winter equinoxes. Seasonal increases in night sweats precede increases in hot flashes. Prospectively recorded monthly symptom data demonstrate that hot flashes and night sweats increase notably coincident with the FMP. : Video Summary:http://links.lww.com/MENO/A476.
Differentiation of pilocytic and pilomyxoid astrocytomas using dynamic susceptibility contrast perfusion and diffusion weighted imaging

Pilocytic (PA) and pilomyxoid astrocytomas (PMA) are related low-grade tumors which occur predominantly in children. PMAs have a predilection for a supratentorial location in younger children with worse outcomes. However, the two have similar imaging characteristics. Quantitative MR sequences such as dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) perfusion and diffusion (DWI) were assessed for significant differences between the two tumor types and locations. A retrospective search for MRI with DSC and DWI on pathology-proven cases of PMA and PA in children was performed. Tumors were manually segmented on anatomic images registered to rCBV, K2, and ADC maps. Tumors were categorized as PA or PMA, with subclassification of supratentorial and infratentorial locations. Mean values were obtained for tumor groups and locations compared with Student’s t test for significant differences with post hoc correction for multiple comparisons. ROC analysis for significant t test values was performed. Histogram evaluation was also performed. A total of 49 patients met inclusion criteria. This included 30 patients with infratentorial PA, 8 with supratentorial PA, 6 with supratentorial PMA, and 5 with infratentorial PMA. Mean analysis showed significantly increased rCBV for infratentorial PMA (2.39 ± 1.1) vs PA (1.39 ± 0.16, p = 0.0006). ROC analysis for infratentorial PA vs PMA yielded AUC = 0.87 (p < 0.001). Histogram analysis also demonstrated a higher ADC peak location for PMA (1.8 ± 0.2) vs PA (1.56 ± 0.28). PMA has a significantly higher rCBV than PA in the infratentorial space. DSC perfusion and diffusion MR imaging may be helpful to distinguish between the two tumor types in this location.
Urban Flood Mapping with Residual Patch Similarity Learning

Urban flood mapping is essential for disaster rescue and relief missions, reconstruction efforts, and financial loss evaluation. Much progress has been made to map the extent of flooding with multi-source remote sensing imagery and pattern recognition algorithms. However, urban flood mapping at high spatial resolution remains a major challenge due to three main reasons: (1) the very high resolution (VHR) optical remote sensing imagery often has heterogeneous background involving various ground objects (e.g., vehicles, buildings, roads, and trees), making traditional classification algorithms fail to capture the underlying spatial correlation between neighboring pixels within the flood hazard area; (2) traditional flood mapping methods with handcrafted features as input cannot fully leverage massive available data, which requires robust and scalable algorithms; and (3) due to inconsistent weather conditions at different time of data acquisition, pixels of the same objects in VHR optical imagery could have very different pixel values, leading to the poor generalization capability of classical flood mapping methods. To address this challenge, this paper proposed a residual patch similarity convolutional neural network (ResPSNet) to map urban flood hazard zones using bi-temporal high resolution (3m) pre- and post-flooding multispectral surface reflectance satellite imagery. Besides, remote sensing specific data augmentation was also developed to remove the impact of varying illuminations due to different data acquisition conditions, which in turn further improves the performance of the proposed model. Experiments using the high resolution imagery before and after the 2017 Hurricane Harvey flood in Houston, Texas, showed that the developed ResPSNet model, along with associated remote sensing specific data augmentation method, can robustly produce flood maps over urban areas with high precision (0.9002), recall (0.9302), F1 score (0.9128), and overall accuracy (0.9497). The research sheds light on multitemporal image fusion for high precision image change detection, which in turn can be used for monitoring natural hazards.
AS TECNOLOGIAS NA EDUCAÇÃO: DESAFIOS E ENFRENTAMENTOS À TRADIÇÃO INSTRUMENTAL

O presente texto e uma resenha da dissertacao de Mestrado defendida no Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Educacao da Universidade La Salle, de Adilson Cristiano Habowski, sob orientacao da professora Dra. Elaine Conte, intitulada Teoria critica da tecnologia e educacao: desafios contemporâneos . O estudo, de abordagem hermeneutica, discute sobre os desafios das tecnologias na educacao com o proposito de suspeitar da razao tecnica, unidirecional, de receitas tecnocraticas oriundas de uma tradicao utilitarista e programada de ensino do mundo empresarial, tendo por bases a Teoria Critica e a Filosofia da Tecnologia. A pesquisa procura reconhecer o potencial de linguagem mobilizadora, reconstrutiva e questionadora da tecnologia na educacao, que pela sua ubiquidade pode vincular desorientacoes, alienacoes e imprecisoes, assim como gerar relacoes politicas de resistencia diante das injusticas sociais.
Assessing the relationship between institutional cancer and diabetes mortality rates using National Death Index data

Aim: To evaluate overall survival (OS), glycemic control in cancer patients with and without diabetes mellitus (DM). Patients & methods: Patients (2010–2015) with newly diagnosed prostate, breast, ...
Citation Stickiness, Computer-Assisted Legal Research, and the Universe of Thinkable Thoughts

Legal information has been available in widespread digital format for more than forty years. In that time, law librarians have wondered whether this digital switch has changed how law students and lawyers conduct research and, if so, what those changes are. Does legal research differ when conducted in print sources rather than computerized sources? What influence did the systems of organizing law in the print era have on the digital systems that followed? While we cannot put these questions to rest, we hope to shed some light on those differences by studying the work of lawyers and courts from the print era, the transition-to-digital era, and the digital era. Using a metric called “citation stickiness,” we studied how often parties to an appeal and the judges hearing that appeal agreed on the cases relevant to resolve the issues on appeal. This, we hoped, would also show whether there were perceptible differences in coherence and stability of the legal information landscape. Citation stickiness works like this: a citation is “sticky” if it appears in at least one party’s brief and then again in the court opinion. In an initial study of 325 federal court cases from 2017, 49% of the 7,552 cases that were cited in the courts’ opinions had been cited by at least one party in a brief. This study considers cases from the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit decided in 1957, 1987, and 2017. After examining the citations in the briefs and opinions in our sample of cases, we compare our findings from the pre-digital era and from the digital era. What we learned surprised us.
Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cell-driven pupil responses in patients with traumatic brain injury.

Abstract Previous findings regarding intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cell (ipRGC) function after traumatic brain injury (TBI) are conflicting. We examined ipRGC-driven pupil responses in civilian TBI and control participants using two pupillography protocols that assessed transient and adaptive properties: (1) a one second (s) long wavelength “red” stimulus (651 nm, 133 cd/m2) and 10 increasing intensities of 1 s short wavelength ”blue” stimuli (456 nm, 0.167 to 167 cd/m2) with a 60 s interstimulus interval, and (2) two minutes of 0.1 Hz red stimuli (33 cd/m2), followed by two minutes of 0.1 Hz blue stimuli (16 cd/m2). For Protocol 1, constriction amplitude and the 6 s post illumination pupil response (PIPR) were calculated. For Protocol 2, amplitudes and peak velocities of pupil constriction and redilation were calculated. For Protocol 1, constriction amplitude and the 6 s PIPR were not significantly different between TBI patients and control subjects for red or blue stimuli. For Protocol 2, pupil constriction amplitude attenuated over time for red stimuli and potentiated over time for blue stimuli across all subjects. Constriction and redilation velocities were similar between groups. Pupil constriction amplitude was significantly less in TBI patients compared to control subjects for red and blue stimuli, which can be attributed to age-related differences in baseline pupil size. While TBI, in addition to age, may have contributed to decreased baseline pupil diameter and constriction amplitude, responses to blue stimulation suggest no selective damage to ipRGCs.
The Board Game Pandemic: Cooperative Sociotechnical Imaginaries Obscuring Power Relations

Many stores in the United States reported that the board game Pandemic saw renewed interest at the onset of the Covid-19 pandemic, with reports of increased sales due to lockdowns and stay-at-home ...
Computational models of cortical folding: A review of common approaches.

Abstract The process of gyrification, by which the brain develops the intricate pattern of gyral hills and sulcal valleys, is the result of interactions between biological and mechanical processes during brain development. Researchers have developed a vast array of computational models in order to investigate cortical folding. This review aims to summarize these studies, focusing on five essential elements of the brain that affect development and gyrification and how they are represented in computational models: (i) the constraints of skull, meninges, and cerebrospinal fluid; (ii) heterogeneity of cortical layers and regions; (iii) anisotropic behavior of subcortical fiber tracts; (iv) material properties of brain tissue; and (v) the complex geometry of the brain. Finally, we highlight areas of need for future simulations of brain development.
Sudden onset vision loss in an 8-year-old female with McCune-Albright syndrome.

We describe a case of an 8-year-old girl with large irregular cafe au lait macules on the right cheek and right lower extremity presenting with sudden onset vision loss and found to have polyostotic fibrous dysplasia on imaging. The classic triad of McCune-Albright syndrome is discussed along with the importance of recognition in patients with partial presentation. This case also highlights a rare and potentially devastating neurologic complication of McCune-Albright syndrome, as well as the need for early diagnosis and continual surveillance in these patients.