cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cooperative wireless medium access with multi-beam adaptive arrays

A cooperation-based medium access protocol for wireless networks was recently proposed, that through its ability to resolve collisions can achieve high throughput. In this paper, we propose a new scheme for collision resolution that combines the idea of cooperative retransmissions and use of multi-beam adaptive arrays (MBAA) at the base station (BS). In the event of multiple users accessing the channel in the same slot, the MBAA will form a number of beams, each of which will capture packets coming from different directions. Single-packet beams will yield the corresponding packets, while multiple-packet beams will invoke collision resolution via cooperative relaying. We show that the proposed approach can achieve significant throughput gains as it reduces the effective collision order and the collision resolution period as compared to the cooperative approach without MBAA. The improvement is obtained at the expense of additional hardware cost at the BS.
DPA Resistant AES on FPGA Using Partial DDL

Current techniques to implement Dynamic Differential Logic (DDL), a countermeasure against Differential Power Analysis (DPA) on Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) lead to an increase in area consumption of up to factor 11. In this paper we introduce Partial DDL, a technique in which DDL is applied only to a part of the cryptographic hardware implementation. We propose principle rules for Partial DDL to guide the designer in how to split up a circuit into DDL protected and unprotected paths. In order to validate our approach we implemented a lightweight architecture of AES in the Partial Separated Dynamic Differential Logic (Partial SDDL) for FPGAs. The results show that our implementation with Partial SDDL is as resistant to DPA as a full SDDL implementation while it consumes only 76% of the total area occupied by the full SDDL design. This is an area increase of 2.3 times over an unprotected single ended design.
Computing graphlet signatures of network nodes and motifs in Cytoscape with GraphletCounter

Summary: Biological network analysis can be enhanced by examining the connections between nodes and the rest of the network. For this purpose we have developed GraphletCounter, an open-source software tool for computing graphlet degree signatures that can operate on its own or as a plug-in to the network analysis environment Cytoscape. A unique characteristic of GraphletCounter is its ability to compute the graphlet signatures of network motifs, which can be specified by files generated by the motif-finding tool mfinder. GraphletCounter displays graphlet signatures for visual inspection within Cytoscape, and can output graphlet data for integration with larger workflows. Availability and implementation: GraphletCounter is implemented in Java. It can be downloaded from the Cytoscape plugin repository, and is also available at http://sonmezsysbio.org/software/ graphletcounter. Contact: whelanch@ohsu.edu
Comparisons of three different investigative interview techniques with young children.

Abstract After viewing a film of a mother hitting her son, a film not seen by the college student interviewers, children were misinformed about a detail (via exposure to a misleading question) as well as explicitly coached to disclose 3 false details. The children were then interviewed by interviewers who had previously learned 1 of 3 different interviewing procedures: the Yuille Step-Wise Interview developed by J. C. Yuille, R. Hunter, R. Joffe, & J. Zaparniuk (1993); a doll play interview developed by Action for Child Protection Inc. (1994); or the Modified Structured Interview developed for this study. The Modified Structured Interview yielded more “where” information and was better at detecting if coaching had occurred. However, the interviewers were not very good at discriminating suggested versus coached versus correct witnessed information. The authors found that the deeper one digs for memories, the more one uncovers incorrect versus correct items. They concluded that although the Modified Structu...
Creating an enabling environment for housing: Recent reforms in Mexico

Abstract A recent World Bank policy statement on housing advocates the reform of government policies, institutions, and regulations to enable housing markets to work more efficiently. The policy statement identifies several instruments that governments can use to address housing market constraints, and to improve the performance of the housing sector as a whole, while paying particular attention to the needs of the poor. In recent years, the government of Mexico has employed many of the enabling instruments described in the World Bank's housing policy statement. This article reviews the role of housing in the Mexican economy and the major reforms that the Mexican government has implemented to improve the operation of the housing market so that private lenders and home builders can play an expanded role in addressing the country's housing needs. The World Bank has supported the government's reform program, and since 1985 it has lent more than $1.2 billion to Mexico for low‐income housing projects.
Expectations for Parental Management of Dating in an Ethnically Diverse Sample of Early Adolescents

This investigation examined mothers’ beliefs about important dating partner characteristics and expectations regarding management of dating in an ethnically diverse sample of 76 early adolescents and their mothers. Open-ended and structured questions were used to identify a range of dating partner characteristics which were important to mothers and a range of dating-management practices expected to be used by the mothers. Adolescents also reported their expectations of the mothers’ management of dating. There were significant differences in mothers’ and adolescents’ reports of expectations of management of dating. Analyses revealed some ethnic differences and few gender differences in important characteristics of dating partners as well as expectations regarding management of dating.
The interfacial polycarbonate reaction: Modeling the kinetics of carbamate side reactions

Etude de la cinetique de la reaction du chloroformate de phenyle avec la triethylamine donnant le N,N-diethyl carbamate de phenyle, reaction modele des reactions secondaires observees dans la phosgenation interfaciale de bisphenols catalysee par des trialkylamines. La RMN montre que la cinetique de formation du carbamate ne resulte pas simplement de la formation instantanee du sel d'acylammonium suivie d'une decomposition du 1er ordre
Pierre Robin sequence: An institutional experience in the multidisciplinary management of airway, feeding and serous otitis media challenges §

Abstract Objectives To evaluate the course and prognosis of airway obstruction, feeding difficulties and hearing abnormalities in patients with Pierre Robin sequence (PRS). Methods A retrospective review was conducted, of 69 patients with PRS, attending between 1991 and 2010 at the Children's University Hospital in Dublin. Data regarding airway management, nutritional status and hearing difficulties was collected prospectively. Results Airway obstruction requiring intervention other than positional therapy was seen in 39% (27) patients. Fifty nine percent (16/27) of these patients, who failed positional therapy, were successfully managed with a nasopharyngeal airway. Following failed intervention with nasopharyngeal airways, two patients had airway maintenance achieved with a successful glossopexy procedure. One patient had an adequate airway achieved with nasal continuous positive airway pressure. Eight patients (12%) required a surgical tracheostomy. Of those who required a tracheostomy, six patients had isolated PRS, one patient had PRS in association with Stickler syndrome and one patient had Nager acro-facial dystosis. Duration of tracheostomy tube ranged from 10 to 19 months, mean 13 months. Seventy percent (48 patients) required supplementary feeding in the form of nasogastric (NG) or gastrostomy tube. Forty-four patients were successfully managed with a temporary NG tube. One patient required a prolonged NG tube, and three required a gastrostomy tube. Twenty-one (30%) patients were successfully managed with a specialised Haberman bottle. Twenty-four patients (35%) who had their airway managed successfully by positional therapy, still required supplemental feeding. Thirty-one patients (45%) demonstrated a conductive hearing loss at some stage, which affected their speech and language development. Twenty-four patients (35%) required tympanostomy tube insertion once, while 7 (10%) of patients required ventilation tube insertion twice or more. Conclusion Airway management in the majority of PRS can be successfully achieved by conservative methods. Even in the presence of an adequate airway, many patients will require supplemental feeding. Early audiological assessment is necessary as many patients will need tympanostomy tube placement to ensure adequate speech and language development.
The response of field-grown white pine seedlings to different sulphur dioxide environments

Abstract Two-year-old grafted clones of air pollution-susceptible (the chlorotic dwarf syndrome) and air pollution-tolerant white pine ( Pinus strobus L.) were field-grown for 5 months in either high- or low-ambient sulphur dioxide environments. At 3-week intervals throughout the growing season, plants from each site were harvested. Height of the plants, total fresh weight, and leaf, stem and root dry weights were measured. Iodometric sulphur determinations were made on leaf, stem, and root tissue from each location. Foliar injury and reduced leaf growth were observed on susceptible clones growing in the high SO 2 environment. Tolerant clones at the same site showed appreciably more sulphur than corresponding plants grown in the low-ambient SO 2 environment. The most significant increases in sulphur content were detected in leaf tissue, suggesting that the foliage of white pine absorbs SO 2 from the atmosphere. Sulphur translocation into the stem was also observed in the latter weeks of the study.
Information Revelation: Evaluating a Merger-Driven Theory of IPOs

Many investment decisions of firms are hampered with uncertainty, especially decisions involving equity issuance and merger and acquisition (MA for M&As, this uncertainty is about synergistic gains. The underlying cause of the uncertainty is asymmetric information problems among insiders and potential investors. Hsieh, Lyandres, and Zhdanov (2011) propose a merger-driven theory of IPOs in which a 2-stage process is used to eliminate valuation uncertainty. The first-stage, an IPO reveals information and therefore the subsequent second-stage merger yields better benefits. This paper explores this premise by examining the acquisition attitude, acquisition status, long-term return performance, and elapse time between IPO date and date of subsequent M&A. The expectation is the first-stage IPO reveals information which results in better evaluation of the targeted IPOs. Consequently, the second-stage M&As are more efficient and yield positive benefits. For this study, the research question is whether a strategy of 2-stage mergers differs when asymmetric information and levels of uncertainty about an IPO’s value change. The results indicate with the enactment of recent regulatory actions to increase information disclosure, a merger-driven theory of IPOs is less likely.
The provocative poetry of Galileo Galilei

This article focuses on Galileo’s poetic – sparing but enjoyable – production, which in general has been disregarded in comparison to the numerous studies of his work as a physicist, mathematician ...
The sphere-bearing anthropomorphic figurines of Amathus

A number of female figurines from the Cypro-Archaic tombs of Amathus have been identified as frame-drum players on the basis of the round objects they hold. However, a close examination of these figurines reveals that several of them carry spheres instead offrame drums. These spheres represent a type of baetyl that served as a cult image in some Cypriot sanctuaries of the Cypro-Archaic period. Therefore, the terracottas may depict participants in a funerary ritual in which a baetyl played an important role.
What You See Depends on Where You’re Looking and How You Look at It: Publication Bias and Outcome Reporting Bias

Study publication bias is the decision to publish or not publish a study based on its results. Compared to unpublished work, published studies are more likely to have positive or statistically significant findings. Outcome reporting bias is opting to publish only a subset of the original variables recorded for a study, such that the inclusion of the variables in the published work is selectively based on the results. Statistically significant results have a higher likelihood of being fully reported compared to nonsignificant results, and a significant proportion of published articles describe outcome variables or data analyses that differ from the pre-specified trial protocol as originally conceived. Recognition that publication bias and outcome reporting bias contribute to a distorted perception of drug effects-inflated estimates of efficacy and underreporting of adverse events-has led to the development and expansion of publicly accessible databases that contain transparent information about clinical trials and their results.
Abstract B29: Screening and communication with physicians for women with Lynch syndrome: Findings from a qualitative study

Background : Lynch syndrome, which is also known as hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer (HNPCC), is an autosomal dominant hereditary cancer syndrome that confers women with a 40–60% lifetime risk of endometrial cancer (EC) and a 12% lifetime risk of ovarian cancer (OC). Consensus statements recommend annual EC and OC screening for women with Lynch syndrome, initiated at age 30–35 or 10 years younger than the earliest known case in the family. This study evaluated the prevalence of EC and OC screening behaviors among women at risk for Lynch syndrome, and communication with their physicians about EC and OC risk and screening needs. Methods : Women age > 25 years who were at risk for Lynch syndrome-related cancers, and who had not had both a hysterectomy and oophorectomy, completed a semi-structured interview either in person or over the phone. The domains covered included demographics and medical history, knowledge of screening recommendations, screening for Lynch-syndrome associated gynecological cancers, and physician-patient communication. SPSS and NVivo™ were used for data analysis. Results : Fifty-two women (mean=40.6 years old) participated. They were mostly white, married, well-educated, and had children. Approximately 70% were Lynch-syndrome mutation carriers while the remaining 30% met the Amsterdam II criteria. Approximately 70% reported a family history of EC or OC. All but five had received genetic counseling regarding their risk for Lynch syndrome. Half of the participants correctly answered questions about the appropriate age to begin screening, while approximately 75% correctly assessed the recommended screening frequency. Approximately half of the women reported never having had asymptomatic gynecological screening. Between 15 and 38% were currently adherent to screening recommendations because they received screening as part of a research study. Women who were seeing non-oncology gynecologists were not offered appropriate EC or OC screening, although they uniformly expressed a high level of trust and value in the care provided by these physicians and believed that their physicians were doing the best job possible to manage their health needs. Approximately 33% of the women report that cost and lack of insurance might prevent their screening adherence in the future. Conclusions : Lynch syndrome-affected families and their primary care physicians may lack accurate knowledge of EC and OC risks. Women who are at risk for Lynch syndrome may not receive appropriate EC or OC screening from their community physicians, and new prevention-communication strategies may be needed. Participation in research studies may improve adherence to screening for gynecologic cancers in Lynch syndrome. Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2011;4(10 Suppl):B29.
Research on Stress Corrosion Experiment of 08Cr2AlMo Steel in Wet Hydrogen Sulfide Environment

Based on the uniformity design method, the SSRT of heat exchangers tube steel 08Cr2AlMo in different concentration of H2S, concentration of Cl-, pH and temperature were tested. After analysed the microcosmic morphology by SEM, determined the nature of stress corrosion sensitivity and calculated the stress corrosion sensitivity index in different examination environment. Based on the regression analysis software, the intercross mathematics model of stress corrosion sensitivity index of 08Cr2AlMo steel and medium parameters (concentration of H2S, concentration of Cl-, pH and temperature)were established.
Secondary hormone therapy for castration-resistant prostate cancer.

The majority of patients with systemic prostate cancer treated with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) will develop castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC).
Transthoracic Anastomotic Leak After Esophagectomy: Current Trends

Leaks from intrathoracic esophagogastric anastomosis are thought to be associated with higher rates of morbidity and mortality than leaks from cervical anastomosis. We challenge this assumption and hypothesize that there is no significant difference in mortality based on the location of the esophagogastric anastomosis. A systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed and Embase databases on all studies published from January 2000 to June 2015, comparing transthoracic (TTE) and transhiatal (THE) esophagectomies. Studies using jejunal or colonic interposition were excluded. Outcomes analyzed were leak rate, leak-associated mortality, overall 30-day mortality, and overall morbidity. Meta-analyses were performed using Mantel–Haenszel statistical analyses on studies reporting leak rates of both approaches. Nominal data are presented as frequency and interquartile range (IQR); measures of the association between treatments and outcomes are presented as odds ratio (OR) with 95 % confidence interval. Twenty-one studies (3 randomized controlled trials) were analyzed comprising of 7167 patients (54 % TTE). TTE approach yields a lower anastomotic leak rate (9.8 %; IQR 6.0–12.2 %) than THE (12 %; IQR 11.6–22.1 %; OR 0.56 [0.34–0.92]), without any significant difference in leak associated mortality (7.1 % TTE vs. 4.6 % THE: OR 1.83 [0.39–8.52]). There was no difference in overall 30-day mortality (3.9 % TTE vs. 4.3 % THE; OR 0.86 [0.66–1.13]) and morbidity (59.0 % TTE vs. 66.6 % THE; OR 0.76 [0.37–1.59]). Based on meta-analysis, TTE is associated with a lower leak rate and does not result in higher morbidity or mortality than THE. The previously assumed higher rate of transthoracic anastomotic leak-associated mortality is overstated, thus supporting surgeon discretion and other factors to influence the choice of thoracic versus cervical anastomosis.
Introduction to Electromagnet Design

This chapter discusses the design of perhaps the simplest electromechanical device??-??an electromagnet. First, common electromagnet configurations are briefly reviewed. Next, the chapter describes the design of an EI-core electromagnet. The analysis is broken into three parts: (i) electric analysis that can be used to predict the current; (ii) magnetic analysis that can be used to determine the system fluxes and MMF drops; and (iii) force analysis that can be used to predict the force between the E-core and the I-core. The EI-core arrangement is selected because it can be readily built and the magnetic model can be used to study the EI core inductor in addition to the electromagnet. This is followed by the formulation of the EI-core electromagnet design problem as an optimization problem. Finally, a case study in electromagnet design is set forth.
Computational Study of Anticancer Drug Resistance Caused by 10 Topisomerase I Mutations, Including 7 Camptothecin Analogs and Lucanthone.

Although Camptothecin and its analogs as Topoisomerase I poisons can effectively treat cancers, serious drug resistance has been identified for this class of drugs. Recent computational studies have indicated that the mutations near the active binding site of the drug can significantly weaken the drug binding and cause drug resistance. However, only Topotecan and three mutations have been previously analyzed. Here we present a comprehensive binding study of 10 Topoisomerase I mutants (N722S, N722A, D533G, D533N, G503S, G717V, T729A, F361S, G363C, and R364H) and 8 poisons including 7 Camptothecin analogs as well as a new generation Topoisomerase I drug, Lucanthone. Utilizing Glide docking followed by MMGBSA calculations, we determined the binding energy for each complex. We examine the relative binding energy changes with reference to the wild type, which are linked to the degree of drug resistance. On this set of mutant complexes, Topotecan and Camptothecin showed much smaller binding energies than a set ...
Targeting the gatekeeper: Osimertinib in EGFR T790M mutation-positive non-small cell lung cancer

In 2015, the FDA approved an unprecedented number of new therapies for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), among them therapies addressing specific genomic tumor subsets in the setting of development of resistance to first-line targeted therapy. Osimertinib (Tagrisso, formerly AZD9291; AstraZeneca) is indicated for patients with metastatic EGFR T790M mutation-positive NSCLC, as detected by an FDA-approved test, who have progressed on or after EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy. It received breakthrough therapy designation, priority review status, and accelerated approval from the FDA. Clin Cancer Res; 23(3); 618-22. ©2016 AACR.
THE INTELLECTUAL MIGRATION AND THE “OTHER WEIMAR”

These two books bring fresh eyes and much-needed energy to the study of the intellectual migration from Weimar Germany to the United States. Research on the scholars, writers, and artists forced to flee Europe because of their Jewish heritage or left-wing politics was once a cottage industry, but interest in this topic has waned in recent years. During the height of fascination with the emigres, bookstores brimmed with panoramic works such as H. Stuart Hughes's The Sea Change: The Migration of Social Thought, 1930–1965 (1975), Lewis Coser's Refugee Scholars in America: Their Impact and Their Experiences (1984), and Martin Jay's Permanent Exiles: Essays on the Intellectual Migration from Germany to America (1985). Now, while historians still write monographs about emigre intellectuals, their focus is often narrowed to biographies of individual thinkers. Refreshingly, with Emily Levine's and Udi Greenberg's new publications we are asked to step back and recapture a broader view of their legacy. The displacement of a significant part of Germany's renowned intelligentsia to the US in the mid-twentieth century remains one of the major events in the intellectual history of both countries.
Androgen Therapy for Acute Myeloid and Hairy Cell Leukemia

The purpose of this paper is to review the preclinical and clinical rationale for androgen therapy of acute myeloid (AML) and hairy cell leukemia (HCL). A major recent positive study should renew interest in this therapy, which has been reported to be effective in these leukemias for more than 50 years. Hopefully, renewed interest in this approach, which seems promising, will lead to well-designed modern studies that will precisely define a role for androgens in these leukemias. A recent large prospective, randomized study has demonstrated enhanced survival for elderly AML patients who present with WBC counts < 30,000/μL have improved overall survival when androgens are given post-remission, and numerous case reports suggest that androgens frequently restore normal peripheral blood counts in severely pancytopenic patients with HCL. Well-designed prospective studies are needed to precisely define which patients are most likely to benefit from androgen therapy and where in the treatment plan they should be incorporated.
Efficient Human-Robot Interaction for Robust Autonomy in Task Execution

Robust autonomy can be achieved with learning frameworks that refine robot operating procedures through guidance from human domain experts. This work explores three capabilities required to implement efficient learning for robust autonomy: (1) identifying when to garner human input during task execution, (2) using active learning to curate what guidance is received, and (3) evaluating the tradeoff between operator availability and guidance fidelity when deciding who to enlist for guidance. We present results from completed work on interruptibility classification of collocated people that can be used to help in evaluating the tradeoff in (3).
Lightning and Jaguars

It is not uncommon these days for archaeologists to be challenged to take a stand on whether political development is driven by material or ideological factors (e.g., Demarest, 1989; Demarest and Conrad, 1993; Hodder, 1991; Miller and Tilley, 1984; Shanks and Tilley, 1987). We doubt, however, that polarizing the debate in this fashion leads to a better understanding of political dynamics in the ancient past. In the present chapter we eschew such polarization and strive instead to take a comprehensive, interactional approach to politics, which we consider to be the strategies and tactics that people use to attain and exercise power, the capacity to determine the behavior of others
Abstract 681: Targeting diacylglycerol kinases for immuno-oncology

Diacylglycerol kinases (DGKs) are integral components of signal transduction cascades that regulate cell biology through phosphorylation of the ubiquitous secondary messenger diacylglycerol. Emerging clinical evidence supports DGK-alpha (DGKA) as a promising target for cancer immunotherapy because of its critical role in regulating lipid signaling necessary for proper T cell activation. Methods for direct evaluation of DGK activity in native biologic systems are lacking and needed to develop chemical probes for studying isoform-specific functions. Here, I will discuss efforts from my group to utilize ATP acyl phosphate activity-based probes and quantitative mass spectrometry to map previously undefined ATP- and small molecule-binding sites of representative members from all subtypes of the DGK family. We use our chemical proteomics strategy to discover an unusual binding mode for DGKA inhibitors, including interactions at a novel binding site remote from the ATP binding pocket. I will also describe our efforts towards discovery of new lead inhibitors for future development of highly potent and selective DGKA inhibitors. Collectively, our studies illustrate the power of chemical proteomics to site-specifically profile protein-small molecule interactions and reveal key ligand binding sites for selective inactivation of the DGK family of lipid kinases. Citation Format: Ku-Lung Hsu, Hsu Lab at the University of Virginia. Targeting diacylglycerol kinases for immuno-oncology [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 681.
Intraoperative Ultrasound Guidance With an Ultrasound‐Visible Clip: A Practical and Cost‐effective Option for Breast Cancer Localization

Objectives In partial mastectomy (PM) or lumpectomy, ultrasound (US) localization avoids discomfort and additional procedures associated with wire localization. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between ultrasound-visible clip (UVC) use at the time of biopsy and US use during resection, hypothesizing that UVCs facilitate US localization and reduce costs compared with traditional radiopaque clips or no clip placement. Methods The study population consisted of adult female patients with breast cancer undergoing PM or lumpectomy at our institution between 2014 and 2016. The core biopsy clip type and localization method during PM were characterized as wire localization versus US localization, and associations were estimated with multivariable regression models. For the cost evaluation, breast biopsy data were obtained from the Department of Radiology. Results Among 674 patients, 490 had data on localization and the clip type. Ultrasound-visible clip placement at biopsy increased US use during resection by 13% (95% confidence interval, 6%-21%). There was no difference in the total specimen weight with US versus wire localization. The cost savings for using UVCs for the 2209 patients who underwent breast biopsy from 2014 to 2016 was $36,000. Conclusions This study demonstrates that US localization for PM is feasible at a single institution and cost-effective when facilitated by UVCs. Placement of a UVC at the time of biopsy is recommended, as it is cost-effective and avoids the discomfort and inconvenience of wire localization.
Teleportation without Spatial Disorientation Using Optical Flow Cues

Teleportation is a popular locomotion technique that lets users navigate beyond the confines of limited available positional tracking space. Because it discontinuously translates the viewpoint, it is considered a safe locomotion method because it doesn't generate any optical flow, and thus reduces the risk of vection induced VR sickness. Though the lack of optical flow minimizes VR sickness, it also limits path integration, e.g., estimating the total distance traveled, and which can lead to spatial disorientation. This paper evaluates a teleportation technique called Dash that quickly but continuously displaces the user's viewpoint and which retains some optical flow cues. A user study with 16 participants compares Dash to regular teleportation and found that it significantly improves path integration while there was no difference in VR sickness.
Tool Integration for Source-Level Mixed Precision

Mixed-precision computing offers potential data size reduction and performance improvement at the cost of accuracy, a tradeoff that many practitioners in high-performance computing and related fields are becoming more interested in as workloads become increasingly communication-bound. However, it can be difficult to build valid mixed-precision configurations and navigate the performance/accuracy space without the help of automated tools. We present FloatSmith, an open-source, end-to-end source-level mixed-precision tuner that incorporates several software tools (CRAFT, TypeForge, and ADAPT) into an integrated tool chain.
Organizational readiness to implement population-based screening and genetic service delivery for hereditary cancer prevention and control.

Despite clinical guidelines, programs conducting population-based screening and genetic service delivery for hereditary cancer prevention and control are rare in practice. We interviewed individuals (n = 13) instrumental in implementing seven unique clinical programs conducting either universal tumor screening for Lynch Syndrome or routine family history screening and provision of genetic services for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer in the United States. To characterize determinants of readiness to implement population-based cancer genetic service delivery models, interviews and deductive codes drew on Weiner's theory of organizational readiness for change. Qualitative analysis identified themes across programs. The degree to which organizational stakeholders valued moving to a population-based genetic service delivery model depended on the existence of aligned clinical guidelines at the time of program implementation. However, judgments of implementation capacity within the organization, particularly with respect to task demands and resource concerns, were more often barriers to readiness. Program champions were essential to facilitating readiness, frequently taking on substantial uncompensated work. These data suggest that developing interventions targeting change efficacy and cultivating practice change champions may be two promising ways to increase uptake of population-based hereditary cancer screening and genetic service delivery in clinical practice.
The Role of Social Determinants of Health in Self-Reported Access to Health Care Among Women Undergoing Screening Mammography.

Background: Social determinants of health (SDOH) contribute to health care disparities, with social and economic barriers often leading to difficulties in obtaining necessary care. We evaluated bar...
Which Factors Affect the Completion and Publication of Dental Implant Trials

Purpose Clinical decision making in implant dentistry may be vulnerable to industry influence. The purpose of this study was to identify factors associated with the completion and publication of implant trials. Materials and Methods This was a cross-sectional study of dental implant trials registered with ClinicalTrials.gov . The predictor variables were composed of a set of study characteristics including study design (investigational or observational), topic, sample size (≤50 or >50 participants), investigator specialty (periodontics, oral-maxillofacial surgery, prosthodontics, general/implantology, or other), study site (United States or international), and industry funding (yes or no). The outcome variables were time to study completion and time to publication. Reverse Kaplan-Meier analyses were used to determine time-to-event probabilities, and Cox proportional hazards models were used to identify factors associated with study completion and publication. Results A total of 317 trials were included in the final sample. The median trial duration was 2.3 years, and the median time from completion to publication was 1.9 years. Compared with periodontist-led trials, oral and maxillofacial surgeon–led trials had greater success with publication (publication rate, 73.0% vs 54.4%; P = .01) but were less likely to be conducted in the United States (US site present, 8.8% vs 46.0%; P Conclusions Trials that were industry funded had lower rates of completion but not publication. Future efforts should explore the reasons for research waste and improve US oral and maxillofacial surgeon involvement in clinical trial research.
Solving the p-median problem on regular and lattice networks

Abstract The p-median problem is one of the true classic problems of location science and has been applied in many ways. It involves the location of p-facilities on a network where the objective is to minimize the weighted distance of serving all demand. This problem was originally proposed by Hakimi (1964, 1965) where the facilities were telephone switching centers and the connections represent wire stretched between each customer and their closest facility. It has since been viewed as the quintessential public facility location problem as it involves placing facilities as close to as possible on the average to each demand. This problem was originally formulated as an integer-programming problem by ReVelle and Swain (1970). Their formulation has withstood the test of time as most of the approaches to optimally solve the p-median problem involve a form of this model. There are several notable exceptions to the use of the classical formulation which take advantage of the underlying distance matrix defined by regular networks (Elloumi 2010; Garcia et al., 2011), such as grid-defined networks. We demonstrate that inherent properties of the distance matrix defined for regular networks can be taken into account, resulting in a reduced, frugal form of the classic p-median model of ReVelle and Swain (1970). This new model called CARS is tested and compared to a form of the original model, recent computational experience presented by Daskin and Maass (2015) and to a form of the model used by Garcia et al. (2011). This test demonstrates that this new, simple model is very competitive to other approaches in solving sizable p-median problems using off-the-shelf commercial software.
Multidisciplinary Guideline For Trisomy 13 And 18 Neonatal Care, Prenatal Counseling, And Risk Stratification

Background/Objective: Historically, Trisomy 13 (T13) and Trisomy 18 (T18) have been considered “lethal” diagnoses with a limited life expectancy. Due to extensive comorbidities and perception of low quality of life (QOL), most T13 and T18 neonates have not been offered (or families have not pursued) neonatal intensive care or surgical interventions. With the observation of longer term survival in some T13 and T18 infants, in addition to changing societal attitudes toward people with disabilities, there is advocacy …
3D imaging of the vagus nerve fascicular anatomy with cryo-imaging and UV excitation

Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is a method to treat drug-resistant epilepsy and depression, but therapeutic outcomes are often not ideal. Newer electrode designs such as intra-fascicular electrodes offer potential improvements in reducing off-target effects but require a detailed understanding of the fascicular anatomy of the vagus nerve. We have adapted a section-and-image technique, cryo-imaging, with UV excitation to visualize fascicles along the length of the vagus nerve. In addition to offering optical sectioning at the surface via reduced penetration depth, UV illumination also produces sufficient contrast between fascicular structures and connective tissue. Here we demonstrate the utility of this approach in pilot experiments. We imaged fixed, cadaver vagus nerve samples, segmented fascicles, and demonstrated 3D tracking of fascicles. Such data can serve as input for computer models of vagus nerve stimulation.
Depression and the Adoption of Faux Depression Symptoms: Novel Evidence for a Self-Verification Perspective:

Research suggests that individuals who are more depressed are prone to behaviors that reinforce their depressive symptoms. We performed a novel test of the self-verification perspective of this phe...
Association of Racial Disparity of Cannabis Possession Arrests Among Adults and Youths With Statewide Cannabis Decriminalization and Legalization

Importance Despite calls for cannabis decriminalization and legalization, research investigating the association of policy with arrest rates and racial disparities is scarce. Objectives To examine racial differences in cannabis arrest rates among adults and youths after statewide decriminalization, legalization, and no policy changes. Design, Setting, and Participants This case-control study used race-based arrest data from the Uniform Crime Reporting Program and Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results county-level population data from January 2000 through December 2019. Data were analyzed in July 2021. Event-study analyses based on the arrest rates from 43 US states were conducted to compare preimplementation and postimplementation differences in arrest rates for states with decriminalization, legalization, and no policy changes. Exposures Nine states implemented legalization, 8 implemented decriminalization, and 26 had no policy change. Main Outcomes and Measures Outcome measures were cannabis arrest rates for Black and White adults and youths per year and by state, while controlling for several covariates. Results Rates were reported per 100 000. When comparing absolute differences in arrests from January to December 2008 (before policy changes) to January to December 2019, legalization was associated with 561 and 195 fewer arrests and decriminalization with 448.6 and 117.1 fewer arrests for Black and White adults, respectively. States without a policy change saw reductions of 47.5 and 33.0 arrests for Black and White adults, respectively. Among youth, legalization was associated with 131.1 and 131.2 fewer arrests and decriminalization with 156.1 and 124.7 fewer arrests for Black and White youths, respectively. Among states without a policy change, arrests reduced by 35 and 52.4 for Black and White youths, respectively. Plotted trends of the arrest ratios from January 2000 through December 2019 suggests racial disparities remained over time. Event-study analyses suggest that decriminalization was associated with an arrest rate reduction for Black and White adults and youths. The timing of reductions suggests differential policy effects. Arrest disparities increased in states that did not have a cannabis policy change. Conclusions and Relevance In this case-control study of states with and without cannabis decriminalization and legalization policies, increased arrest rate disparities in states without either policy highlight the need for targeted interventions to address racial injustice.
The Structures of Recursion Theory

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the structures of the recursion theory. The notion of relative computability is central to the formation of algebraic structures based on the concept of algorithm. This notion is used to compare sets based on the amount of information they contain. An algorithm can be viewed as a program for a digital computer with unlimited space and time to perform computations. A set S is recursively enumerable if it is the range of a recursive function. Thus the class of recursively enumerable sets is the class of sets that constitute the output of a computer for a particular algorithm. A degree is recursively enumerable if it contains a recursively enumerable set.
CacheMule: A mobile-carried content location mechanism

We consider the abstractions that are required in an information centric network. The usual publish and subscribe primitives need to be extended with some content location additions. Indeed, one of the main challenges of information centric networks is to keep the content routing consistent, and this would be eased by offering content location support in the protocol to get and push data. The two primitives we suggest are a content location message that requests not the content, but its availability, and a content hint message that lets the consumer specifies where to find the content to the network. Both are needed to cope with the uncertainty of the content location that comes from the huge scale and the highly dynamic nature of content routing tables.
First Order Theories of Quantification

Many applications of logic to AI require that propositions be reified, i.e., made elements of the domain of discourse. This is needed, in particular, in formalizing reasoning about knowledge and about preconditions of actions. Difficulties arise when the quantificational structure of propositions is essential. We show how ideas from combinatory logic can be used to deal with this problem. This approach allows us to construct first order theories in which lambda-abstraction and quantification can be easily expressed as terms of the language.
The Minimal Integral Separator of A Threshold Graph

A graph is called threshold if there exists a real number b and real numbers a j associated with its vertices w j such that Σ a j ≤ b holds iff S is a stable (independent) set of vertices. The vector 〈 a 1 ,…, a n ; b 〉 associated to a threshold graph is called an integral separator if a i + a j ≥ b + 1 for every edge ( w i w j ). A simple algorithm is presented to determine for a given threshold graph its (unique) integral separator which minimizes b .
Effects of Adenosine Nucleosides on Adenylate Cyclase, Phosphodiesterase, Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate Accumulation, and Lipolysis in Fat Cells

Abstract Adenosine and 2'-deoxyadenosine at concentrations in the range of 5 to 50 µm inhibited the activation of adenylate cyclase activity in fat cell "ghosts" by norepinephrine. 2',5'-Dideoxyadenosine was more potent than adenosine while arabinosyl adenosine, 3'-deoxyadenosine, and 2-fluoroadenosine were equi-potent to adenosine as inhibitors of adenylate cyclase. Adenine was inactive as an inhibitor of adenylate cyclase along with nucleosides such as phenylisopropyl adenosine, inosine, 2'-deoxyinosine, guanosine, and 2'-deoxyguanosine. Adenosine, 2'-deoxyadenosine, and 2-fluoroadenosine were also inhibitors of the low Km phosphodiesterase found in the supernatant fraction obtained after centrifugation of fat cell homogenates. The large accumulation of cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) seen in fat cells incubated for 5 min with catecholamines plus theophylline was markedly inhibited by 2',5'-dideoxyadenosine, adenosine, and 2-fluoroadenosine. The small increase in cyclic AMP due to norepinephrine or theophylline alone was also blocked by adenosine and 2',5'-dideoxyadenosine. However, there was no correlation between the effects of the nucleosides on cyclic AMP accumulation and lipolysis since 2',5'-dideoxyadenosine did not inhibit lipolysis. Adenosine inhibited the lipolytic action of theophylline or low concentrations of norepinephrine but did not inhibit the lipolytic action of higher concentrations of norepinephrine under conditions in which it virtually abolished the increase in cyclic AMP accumulation due to norepinephrine. These data indicate that marked inhibition by nucleosides of the increase in total cyclic AMP accumulation seen 5 min after the addition of theophylline, norepinephrine, or norepinephrine plus theophylline is not necessarily associated with any decrease in lipolysis. Apparently most of the increased cyclic AMP accumulation seen in the presence of lipolytic agents is unrelated to the regulation of lipolysis. The effect of adenosine and related nucleosides on cyclic AMP accumulation suggest that they may play a physiological role as feedback regulators of fat cell adenylate cyclase.
Effect of Strain Rate on the Bending Properties of Human Ribs

To fully characterize the mechanical behavior of bones under various loading conditions, it is important to determine the effect of strain rate on the load carrying capacit and fracture behavior of various members of our skeletal system. In this study embalmed human ribs were tested in a three-point bending mode under deformation rates of 0.05 mm/s, 0.5 mm/s, and 8 mm/s. Mechanical parameters such as maximum bending moment, maximum deformation, bending stiffness, and energy absorption capacity were determined. The maximum bending moment and stiffness showed an increase by 53 and 8 percent, respectively, at the highest rate of deformation compared to the lowest. The ultimate deformation and energy absorbed also increased by 26 and 66 per cent, respectively, in this range of deformation rate. This data confirms that bone is visco-elastic in nature and exhibits different mechanical properties that depend on the deformation rate.Copyright © 2011 by ASME