cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evolutionary computation based nonlinear transformations to low dimensional spaces for sensor data fusion and Visual Data Mining

Data fusion approaches are nowadays needed and also a challenge in many areas, like sensor systems monitoring complex processes. This paper explores evolutionary computation approaches to sensor fusion based on unsupervised nonlinear transformations between the original sensor space (possibly highly-dimensional) and lower dimensional spaces. Domain-independent implicit and explicit transformations for Visual Data Mining using Differential Evolution and Genetic Programming aiming at preserving the similarity structure of the observed multivariate data are applied and compared with classical deterministic methods. These approaches are illustrated with a real world complex problem: Failure conditions in Auxiliary Power Units in aircrafts. The results indicate that the evolutionary approaches used were useful and effective at reducing dimensionality while preserving the similarity structure of the original data. Moreover the explicit models obtained with Genetic Programming simultaneously covered both feature selection and generation. The evolutionary techniques used compared very well with their classical counterparts, having additional advantages. The transformed spaces also help in visualizing and understanding the properties of the sensor data.
Discussion on “Utilization of the Specific Pseudocapacitance for Determination of the Area of Corroding Steel Surfaces”

Abstract The following article is a discussion of the paper entitled “Utilization of the Specific Pseudocapacitance for Determination of the Area of Corroding Steel Surfaces,” by J.N. Murray, P.J. ...
Time logs for searchers: How useful?

Abstract The Bibliographic Searching Section at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill studied its operation through the use of time logs. The six searchers recorded their daily activities from September through December 1977. Useful management data about search categories, average search times, and productive time available was obtained. It was used as the nucleus for a Justification requesting additional staff and stimulated further evaluation of policies and procedures.
British Investment in Argentina

The September, 1971 issue of the Journal contained A. G. Ford's article, â€œBritish Investment in Argentina and Long Swings, 1880â€“1914.â€ For total U.K. overseas issues, Professor Ford used as his source, Matthew Simon, â€œThe Pattern of New British Portfolio Foreign Investment 1865â€“1914,â€ which appeared in J. H. Adler, editor, Capital Movements and Economic Development.
Timing-driven optimization using lookahead logic circuits

This paper describes a timing-driven optimization technique for the synthesis of multi-level logic circuits. Motivated by the parallel prefix problem, the proposed timing-driven optimization produces logic circuits with "lookahead" properties due to the inherent parallelism among the synthesized sub-circuits. Lookahead logic circuits are synthesized using global critical path sensitization information to decompose and reduce the Boolean functions of the nodes in the technology-independent representation of the logic circuit. Unlike prior timing-driven optimization techniques, where synthesis of the decomposition functions is potentially expensive, the proposed technique has the advantage that the decomposition functions are discovered in the synthesized form. On average, the proposed technique reduces the number of logic levels (mapped delay) of 15 benchmark circuits by 40%, 56%, and 22% (21%, 56% and 10%) over the best results of SIS, ABC, and an industry-standard synthesizer, respectively.
Sequential, nonzero-sum “Blotto”: Allocating defensive resources prior to attack

Abstract The strategic allocation of resources across multiple fronts has long been studied in the context of Blotto games in which two players simultaneously select their allocations. However many allocation problems are sequential. For example, a state trying to defend against a terrorist attack generally allocates some or all of its resources before the attacker decides where to strike. This paper studies the allocation problem confronting a defender who must decide how to distribute limited resources across multiple sites before an attacker chooses where to strike. Unlike many Blotto games which only have very complicated mixed-strategy equilibria, the sequential, nonzero-sum “Blotto” game always has a very simple pure-strategy subgame perfect equilibrium. Further, the defender always plays the same pure strategy in any equilibrium, and the attacker's equilibrium response is generically unique and entails no mixing. The defender minmaxes the attacker in equilibrium even though the game is nonzero-sum, and the attacker strikes the site among its best replies that minimizes the defender's expected losses.
Benchmarking Gender Differences in Volunteer Computing Projects

Volunteer Computing (VC) uses the computational resources of volunteers with Internet-connected personal computers to address fundamental problems in science. Docking Home (D@H) is a VC project targeting drug discovery through high throughput docking simulations i.e., by docking small molecules (ligands) into target proteins associated to diseases. Currently there are more than 27,000 volunteers (and 70,000 computers) worldwide supporting D@H. Similar to national trends in STEM fields, in general, the huge majority of volunteers engaged in VC projects, and in D@H in particular, are Caucasian males. This paper aims to characterize the current VC community supporting D@H and uses the information to define strategies that can help attract and retain female and ethnic minority volunteers.
Evaluation of the thoraco‐laryngeal reflex (‘slap test’) as an indicator of laryngeal adductor myopathy in the horse

Summary A study was conducted over a 12 month period to assess the accuracy of the ‘slap test’ in the diagnosis of laryngeal adductor myopathy. The thoraco-laryngeal reflexes of 15 horses with no clinical signs of idiopathic laryngeal hemiplegia (ILH) were recorded using a video-endoscope. These ‘slap test’ responses were examined independently by 3 assessors. The horses were subsequently subjected to euthanasia and samples taken from the cricoarytenoideus lateralis (CAL) muscles for histopathological examination and assessment of denervation atrophy. Despite normal adductory responses, moderate to severe atrophy of the left CAL muscles was seen in 5 horses. The remaining horses had varying degrees of adductor myopathy, invariably worse in the left side of the larynx. The ‘slap test’ as performed in this study was therefore unable to differentiate between horses with moderate to severe muscle changes and those without, making it useless as a diagnostic test for adductor myopathy. The reason for the preservation in adductor function despite advanced histological atrophy of the muscle may lie in the degree of reinnervation found in the muscles.
The general theory of compatibility conditions

Abstract This paper contains an improved and enlarged version of our previous work on the geometrical and kinematical conditions of compatibility associated with moving discontinuities in material media. When combined with the dynamical conditions of compatibility, pertinent to the problem under consideration, the general form of these compatibility conditions enables one to go beyond the usual determination of the velocity of propagation of the disturbance and, in fact, to deduce its structural consequences as we have shown in several of our recent publications. The present article is intended to provide a convenient source of reference to the basic geometrical and kinematical conditions of compatibility for the benefit of readers of the International Journal of Engineering Science.
Correlating thermal dilatation to protective layer formation in fretting wear

Abstract This paper studies the effects of the heat dissipation capacity of a rubbing material on wear resistance at high temperatures with a special focus on the dilation of the thermal energy. The results suggest a connection between the transition in wear and the change in the heat dissipatation capacity of the rubbing material. Examination of the wear data suggests that a critical ratio between the effects of the conductivity and those of the effusivity has to be established for favorable wear resistance at elevated temperatures.
Evaluation of three commercial latex agglutination kits and a commercial enzyme immunoassay for the detection of cryptococcal antigen.

We compared the performance of the Meridian CALAS, Wampole Crypto-LA, Murex Cryptococcus latex agglutination assay, and the Meridian Premier EIA for the detection of cryptococcal antigen in serum and CSF. The assays demonstrated similar performance characteristics based on concordance values ≥ 93% but important differences were noted in endpoint titers.
MIMD implementation of neural networks through pipelined, parallel communication trees

Hardware implementations and single-instruction-stream/multiple-data-stream (SIMD) simulations are relatively inflexible, while multiple-instruction-stream (MIMD) simulations often trade their flexibility for increased efficiency. An alternative technique is presented which is based on pipelining fewer but larger messages through parallel, broadcast/accumulate trees. This method exploits both the structural parallelism of neural networks and the data parallelism of neural algorithms. The mapping is flexible to changes in the network architecture and learning algorithm and is suited to a variety of computer configurations. Experimental results show a higher efficiency than similar implementation. >
Isotropic angle-domain elastic reverse-time migration

Multicomponent data usually are not processed with specifically designed procedures but with procedures analogous to those used for single-component data. In isotropic media, the vertical and horizontal components of the data commonly are taken as proxies for the P- and S-wave modes, which are imaged independently with the acoustic wave equations.This procedure works only if the vertical and horizontal components accurately represent P- and S-wave modes, which generally is not true. Therefore, multicomponent images constructed with this procedure exhibit artifacts caused by incorrect wave-mode separation at the surface.An alternative procedure for elastic imaging uses the full vector fields for wavefield reconstruction and imaging. Thewavefieldsarereconstructedusingthemulticomponentdata as a boundary condition for a numerical solution to the elastic wave equation. The key component for wavefield migration is theimagingcondition,whichevaluatesthematchbetweenwavefields reconstructed from sources and receivers. For vector wave fields, a simple component-by-component crosscorrelation between two wavefields leads to artifacts caused by crosstalk between the unseparated wave modes. We can separate elastic wavefields after reconstruction in the subsurface and implement theimagingconditionascrosscorrelationofpurewavemodesinstead of the Cartesian components of the displacement wavefield.Thisapproachleadstoimagesthatareeasiertointerpretbecause they describe reflectivity of specified wave modes at interfaces of physical properties.As for imaging with acoustic wavefields, the elastic imaging condition can be formulated conventionally crosscorrelation with zero lag in space and time and extendedtononzerospaceandtimelags.Theelasticimagesproduced by an extended imaging condition can be used for angle decomposition of primary PP or SS and converted PS or SP reflectivity. Angle gathers constructed with this procedure have applicationsformigrationvelocityanalysisandamplitude-variation-with-angleanalysis.
The mechanism of sodium and substrate release from the binding pocket of vSGLT.

Membrane co-transport proteins that use a five-helix inverted repeat motif have recently emerged as one of the largest structural classes of secondary active transporters. However, despite many structural advances there is no clear evidence of how ion and substrate transport are coupled. Here we report a comprehensive study of the sodium/galactose transporter from Vibrio parahaemolyticus (vSGLT), consisting of molecular dynamics simulations, biochemical characterization and a new crystal structure of the inward-open conformation at a resolution of 2.7 A. Our data show that sodium exit causes a reorientation of transmembrane helix 1 that opens an inner gate required for substrate exit, and also triggers minor rigid-body movements in two sets of transmembrane helical bundles. This cascade of events, initiated by sodium release, ensures proper timing of ion and substrate release. Once set in motion, these molecular changes weaken substrate binding to the transporter and allow galactose readily to enter the intracellular space. Additionally, we identify an allosteric pathway between the sodium-binding sites, the unwound portion of transmembrane helix 1 and the substrate-binding site that is essential in the coupling of co-transport.
Transposition of Tn5096 and other IS493 derivatives in Streptomyces griseofuscus.

Tn5096 was constructed by inserting an apramycin resistance gene, aac(3)IV, into IS493 from Streptomyces lividans. By using conventional and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, Tn5096 and related transposons were shown to insert into many different locations in the Streptomyces griseofuscus chromosome and in two linear plasmids. On insertion into the target site CANTg, 3 bp appeared to be duplicated. Independent transpositions were obtained by delivery of the transposon from a temperature-sensitive plasmid. The frequency of auxotrophy among cultures containing transpositions was about 0.2%. Images
Mesoprimary decomposition of binomial submodules

Abstract Recent results of Kahle and Miller give a method of constructing primary decompositions of binomial ideals by first constructing “mesoprimary decompositions” determined by their underlying monoid congruences. Mesoprimary decompositions are highly combinatorial in nature, and are designed to parallel standard primary decomposition over Noetherean rings. In this paper, we generalize mesoprimary decomposition from binomial ideals to “binomial submodules” of certain graded modules over a monoid algebra, analogous to the way primary decomposition of ideals over a Noetherean ring R generalizes to R -modules. The result is a combinatorial method of constructing primary decompositions that, when restricting to the special case of binomial ideals, coincides with the method introduced by Kahle and Miller.
Oral lipoma associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) type 1.

A 53-year-old African–American woman presented with n intraoral mass, which was initially the size of a “pea” and ad grown gradually larger over ten years. It was asympomatic, but because of its size and location, it was subject o trauma and caused difficulty in chewing. She had type 1 iabetes mellitus and multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) ype 1, which her daughter also had. We found a 3.5 cm× 2.5 cm doughy, exophytic mass ttached to the left buccal mucosa inferior to Stensen’s duct Fig. 1). We did excisional biopsy under local anaesthesia ithout complications, and found parakeratotic, acanthotic tratified squamous epithelium covering a core of interwoen fibrous fascicles of connective tissue, and adipose tissue, hich was consistent with fibrolipoma. There was no recurence of the lesion on follow up. MEN syndromes are characterised by the combined occurence of tumours that affect at least two endocrine glands nd there are three distinct types, MEN1, MEN2A, and EN2B.2 MEN1 is an autosomal dominant disorder caused y mutations of the MEN1 tumour-suppressor gene, which is haracterised by tumours that primarily affect the pancreas, nd pituitary and parathyroid glands.1,2 Facial cutaneous ndings associated with MEN1 include lipomas, angiofiromas and collagenomas.1 Gingival papules are the only ntraoral lesions we know of that are associated with MEN1. EN2A is characterised by carcinoma of the medullary thyoid, pheochromocytoma, and parathyroid tumours, whereas EN2B is associated with carcinoma of the medullary thyoid, pheochromocytoma, mucosal neuromas that involve arious areas of the body, and a characteristic marfanoid
Wisdom of the Ancients: Sayings of the Talmud

There is a great deal of interest in the Talmud today, especially in much of Asia. South Koreans, in particular, have developed a fascination with the Talmud and have made it part of their curriculum. Many Korean homes have a version of the Talmud and call it the “Light of Knowledge.” The Talmud is also popular in China; there is a belief that it can give one an edge in conducting business and that it sharpens the mind. There is no question that the Talmud is relevant today and has much to teach us. The author has collected 100 pages of sayings from the Talmud. These sayings cover everything from acquiring wisdom to acquiring wealth to the importance of traits such as humility and compassion.
A “new vista” in the assessment of antero-posterior jaw relationship

Aim: The purpose of this investigation was to (1) compare the credibility of four recently introduced cephalometric measurements in assessing the antero-posterior jaw relationship; (2) To assess the correlation between various measurements used for assessment of antero-posterior discrepancy, including Yen linear, Yen angle, W angle and Pi angle. Materials and Methods: The sample size for the study consisted of 45 subjects with age group of 15-19 years (mean age 17 ± 2.1) and was subdivided into Skeletal Class I, II and III groups of 15 each based upon the ANB angle derived from the pre treatment lateral cephalogram. Landmarks were located and Yen angle, Yen linear, W angle and Pi angle were assessed for each group. All the lateral cephalograms were traced by a single examiner. Intra examiner reliability was assessed by Intraclass co-efficient correlation (ICC) test. Correlation coefficients were obtained for each of parameters to compare their relationship with other parameters in Class I group. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves were run to examine sensitivity and specificity of all the angles. Results: The results showed that ICC for all the groups were ≥0.90 showing good repeatability of the measurements. There was statistically significant correlation between Yen angle and ANB angle, Yen linear and Yen angle for Class I group, between W angle and Yen angle for Class II group, between Yen angle, Yen linear and ANB for Class III group. ROC curves showed that Pi angle had 100% sensitivity and specificity to discriminate a Class II and a Class III group from a Class I and a Class III group from a Class II. Yen linear and W angle showed very low specificity to differentiate a Class II from a Class I group. Interpretation and Conclusion: The new parameters considered in the study were found to be equally reliable and are not affected much by local remodeling due to tooth movements or by occlusal or Frankfurt horizontal plane. These parameters measure the antero-posterior discrepancy more consistently and accurately, with Pi angle being the most accurate.
Hemodynamic Ramp Tests in Patients With Left Ventricular Assist Devices.

Abstract Objectives This study tested whether combined invasive hemodynamic and echocardiographic ramp tests can help optimize patient management. Background Guidelines for optimizing speed and medications in continuous flow ventricular assist device (cfLVAD) patients are mainly based on expert opinion. Methods Thirty-five cfLVAD patients (21 HeartMate II [Thoratec, Pleasanton, California] and 14 HVAD [HeartWare International, Framingham, Massachusetts]) underwent ramp tests with right heart catheterization (including central venous pressure [CVP], pulmonary artery pressure, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure [PCWP], and blood pressure) and echocardiography. Data were recorded at up to 9 speed settings. Speed changes were in steps of 400 revolutions per minute (RPM) for HeartMate II (8,000 to 12,000 RPM) and 100 RPM for HVAD (2,300 to 3,200 RPM) patients. Results Only 42.9% of patients had normal CVPs and PCWPs at their original RPM settings. Going from lowest to highest speeds, cardiac output improved by 0.16 ± 0.19 l/min/step (total change 1.28 ± 1.41 l/min) and PCWP decreased by 1.23 ± 0.85 mm Hg/step (total change 9.9 ± 6.5 mm Hg). CVP and systolic blood pressure did not change significantly with RPM. RPM were adjusted based on test results to achieve CVPs and PCWPs as close to normal limits as possible, which was feasible in 56% of patients. For the remainder, results indicated which type of medical management should be pursued. Conclusions Use of combined hemodynamic and echocardiographic ramp tests in patients provides objective means of optimizing RPM, and has the potential to guide medical management. It remains to be tested whether this strategy has a beneficial impact on quality of life or clinical outcomes.
Prehypertension: Defining the Transitional Phenotype

More than a simple "transitional stage" defined by covenanted cut points of systolic pressure from 120 to 139 mm of mercury (mm Hg) or a diastolic pressure from 80 to 89 mm Hg, prehypertension should be referred to as a categorical term that defines a specific phenotype in the progression from the "absence of disease" to clinically overt disease. While the currently utilized definition of prehypertension stresses the use of blood pressure cut points to establish the diagnosis, it is of relevance to direct our attention to the structural and functional hemodynamic alterations that occur in response to the two cardinal abnormalities in the development of prehypertension and hypertension: autonomic dysfunction and arterial remodeling. Our current review addresses these aspects of the pathophysiology or prehypertension on its progression to hypertension and suggests a new approach to its classification.
Happy (?) Birthday Rule 11

Twenty years ago, the Advisory Committee on Civil Rules of the Judicial Conference of the Unites States gave birth to a new tool for dealing with civil litigation abuse: Rule 11. The 1983 amendments to Rule 11 became highly controversial as Rule 11 became a metaphor for our civil justice system. The debate took on a political flavor, and Rule 11 became an important symbol or line in the sand: Will we have open courts? Is there too much frivolous litigation? Or, will we begin to shut the doors of the courts to those perhaps most in need? Chill effective advocacy? Punish lawyers who assert novel claims? This paper is the Foreword to a Symposium entitled: Happy (?) Birthday Rule 11. The Symposium is important because it provides a variety of reflections on the importance of the rule, and whether it is or can be a positive force in improving the administration of civil justice. This Foreword analyzes the papers submitted to the Symposium. Symposium contributors include: Professors Paul D. Carrington, George Cochran, Charles Yablon., Danielle Kie Hart, Carl Tobais and Peter Joy; and attorneys Richard Johnson; Jerold S. Solovy, Norman Hirsh, Margaret Simpson & Christina T. Tomares; and Andrew Wasson.
A New Fuzzy Skeletonization Algorithm and Its Applications to Medical Imaging

Skeletonization provides a simple yet compact representation of an object and is widely used in medical imaging applications including volumetric, structural, and topological analyses, object representation, stenoses detection, path-finding etc. Literature of three-dimensional skeletonization is quite matured for binary digital objects. However, the challenges of skeletonization for fuzzy objects are mostly unanswered. Here, a framework and an algorithm for fuzzy surface skeletonization are developed using a notion of fuzzy grassfire propagation which will minimize binarization related data loss. Several concepts including fuzzy axial voxels, local and global significance factors are introduced. A skeletal noise pruning algorithm using global significance factors as significance measures of individual branches is developed. Results of application of the algorithm on several medical objects have been illustrated. A quantitative comparison with an ideal skeleton has demonstrated that the algorithm can achieve sub-voxel accuracies at various levels of noise and downsampling. The role of fuzzy skeletonization in thickness computation at relatively low resolution has been demonstrated.
Positive Affectivity: Specificity of Its Facet Level Relations with Psychopathology

This study sought to explicate the strength and direction of the relations between specific facets of positive affectivity (joviality, self-assurance, attentiveness, and serenity) and a broad range of psychopathology. Internalizing, externalizing, mania, and psychoticism were assessed using both self-report and interview measures in a diverse community sample (N = 255; Mage = 45.1 years; 58.4 % African American, 33.3 % Caucasian). Our results indicated that these positive affectivity facets demonstrated distinctive patterns of relations with psychopathology and exhibited incremental predictive power beyond that explained by negative affectivity. In particular, self-assurance displayed notable positive relations with externalizing and mania, emerging as a somewhat maladaptive variant of positive affectivity. Joviality also related positively to manic symptoms. In contrast, serenity and attentiveness related negatively to such indicators and to psychopathology more generally. These data provide strong evidence that incremental information is gained by examining positive affectivity–psychopathology relations at the facet level.
The Influence of Native Americans on Modern Conservationists

American Indians have been extolled as sages of the conservation movement throughout the 20th century. This literary and popular image of Indians as conservationists flowered with the publication of Stewart Udall's "The Indians: First Americans, First Ecologists" in 1971. Citing important contributions that Native Americans have made to the growth of modern conservation, Udall stated that "much of our ecology does, in fact, represent a return to the land wisdom of the Indian."' Udall's article merely underlined a popular idea which had already gained strength during the 1960s. Counter-culture groups, particularly those which advocated "back to the land" strategies, had already endorsed what they thought were American Indian perceptions of the land. For them, spiritual beliefs of American Indian peoples began to represent an alternative to the "mechanized, materialistic" values of contemporary
Triplet Exciton Diffusion in Platinum Polyyne Films

A time-resolved photoluminescence quenching approach is developed for determining the triplet exciton diffusion coefficient and diffusion length (D and LD, respectively) of phosphorescent conjugated polymers. This method is applied to a solid-state organometallic conjugated polymer with the structure [−Pt(PBu3)2–CC–C6H4–CC−]n (where Bu = n-butyl and −C6H4– is 1,4-phenylene). The approach relies on analysis of the lifetime quenching of the polymer’s phosphorescence by a series of three different quenchers that are dispersed into the polymer phase at varying concentration. The lifetime quenching data are analyzed by using a modified Stern–Volmer quenching expression to determine the diffusion-controlled quenching rate constant, kq, which is then related to the exciton diffusivity, D, and diffusion length, LD. The diffusion coefficients that are determined using the three quenchers are consistent, D ≈ 4 × 10–6 cm2 s–1, and combined with the triplet exciton lifetime of the pristine polymer (τ = 1.05 μs) give ...
Surface morphology of human leukocytes.

Surface morphology of individual leukocytes was correlated with their light microscopic appearance by a simple, direct technique. Circulating leukocytes of all types were roughened spheres with diameters similar to red cells, and leukocyte types could not be distinguished consistently by surface morphology. After surface contact, leukocytes increased in diameter and exhibited a variety of projections. Cells spread on surfaces could be identified by external morphology. Several stages in the phagocytosis of latex particles were demonstrated. The study of surface contours by scanning electron microscopy represents a new approach to morphology.
Comparative Research on Functional Fitness in Old male between China and Japan

[Objective]To investigate the differences of functional fitness(FF) for old male between China and Japan and their influencing factors.[Methods]All subjects were examined for body heights,weights,and functional fitness.[Results]Except for the item of one-leg balance with eyes closed(OLB) in the group of 70-79 years,the rest of FF indexes of the Japanese among the 3 age groups were higher than those of the Chinese with significant differences(P0.01).The body mass indexes of Chinese male in both groups of 60~69 and 70~79 years were significantly higher than those of Japanese(P0.01).On the other hand,no significant difference was found in the group of over 80 years(P0.05).[Conclusion]The FF indexes of Japanese male are obviously higher than those of Chinese,and the fatness exerts some influence on the FF indexes.
Causal reasoning in a prediction task with hidden causes.

Correctly assessing the consequences of events is essential for a successful interaction with the world. It not only requires a causal understanding of the world but also the ability to distinguish whether a given event is the result of an agent’s own action (intervention) or simply the consequence of the world being in action (observation). Previous studies have shown that humans can learn causal structures, and that they can distinguish interventions from observations. These studies almost exclusively focused on structures where interventions led to a simple forward conditioned inference problem. We tested human subjects in a prediction game that required the integration over hidden causes, using a betting mechanism that allowed us to monitor subjects’ beliefs. Subjects learned the causal structure and the conditional probabilities with appropriate feedback. Once learned, all but one were immediately able to correctly predict the causal effects of their interventions according to optimal causal reasoning.
Effect of Cortisol on the RNA Polymerase System of Rat Thymus

The nuclear RNA polymerase system ("aggregate enzyme" of Weiss) isolated from thymus glands of cortisol-treated rats was shown to incorporate 3H-UTP into RNA to a lesser extent than the same system isolated from control animals. The degree of inhibition varied with time after injection and with cortisol dosage and was specific for steroids which cause thymic involution. No difference in nucleotide triphosphatase activity was observed when thymus aggregate enzyme preparations isolated from cortisol-treated rats were compared with identical preparations isolated from control animals. The rate of 3H-UTP incorporation into RNA by thymus aggregate enzyme was found to be dependent on ionic strength. Maximum rates of incorporation and maximum steroid effects were found when NH4Cl was present in the incubation mixture at a final concentration of 0.75 M. Increasing NH4Cl concentration in the incubation mixture was found to stimulate control thymus aggregate enzyme to a greater extent than thymus aggregate enzyme isolated from cortisol-treated rats. Cortisol was without effect when added directly to the aggregate enzyme incubation mixture at a final concentration of 10-5 M.
Network-guided interaction mining for the blood pressure phenotype of unrelated individuals in genetic analysis workshop 19

Interactions between genes are an important part of the genetic architecture of complex diseases. In this paper, we use literature-guided individual genes known to be associated with type 2 diabetes (referred to as “seed genes”) to create a larger list of genes that share implied or direct networks with these seed genes. This larger list of genes are known to interact with each other, but whether they interact in ways to influence hypertension in individuals presents an interesting question. Using Genetic Analysis Workshop data on individuals with diabetes, for which only case-control labels of hypertension are known, we offer a foray into identification of diabetes-related gene interactions that are associated with hypertension. We use the approach of Lo et al. (Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 105: 12387-12392, 2008), which creates a score to identify pairwise significant gene associations. We find that the genes GCK and PAX4, formerly known to be found within similar coexpression and pathway networks but without specific direct interactions, do, in fact, show significant joint interaction effects for hypertension.
IN SITU SHEAR WAVE VELOCITY BY CROSS-HOLE METHOD.

The cross-hole seismic survey technique is presented as a means of determining in situ shear wave velocity. By this method the travel time for body waves to travel between two points in a soil mass is measured. Body waves may be either compression or shear waves. Emphasis is placed on identification of the shear wave because it is directly used to calculate the dynamic shear modulus of the soil and can be measured above or below the water table. A general procedure followed in performing the test is described. Typical travel time records of arriving energy are shown and identification of the compression and shear wave arrivals made. Preliminary tests demonstrating the validity and use of the method are presented. Three case studies using the method under various field conditions are also presented.
Fms-like tyrosine kinase-3 ligand increases resistance to burn wound infection through effects on plasmacytoid dendritic cells

Patients experiencing large thermal injuries are susceptible to opportunistic infections that can delay recovery and lead to sepsis. Dendritic cells (DC) are important for the detection of pathogens and activation of the innate and acquired immune responses. DCs are significantly decreased in burn patients early after injury, and the development of sepsis is associated with persistent DC depletion. In a murine model of burn wound infection, the enhancement of DCs after injury by treatment with the DC growth factor Fms-like tyrosine kinase-3 ligand (FL) enhances neutrophil migration to infection, improves bacterial clearance, and increases survival in a DC-dependent manner. FL expands the production of both conventional DCs (cDC) and plasmacytoid DCs (pDC). It has been established that cDCs are required for some of the protective effects of FL after burn injury. This study was designed to determine the contribution of the pDC subset. Mice were subjected to full-thickness scald burns under deep anesthesia and were provided analgesia. pDCs were depleted by injection of anti-plasmacytoid dendritic cell antigen-1 antibodies. Survival, bacterial clearance, and neutrophil responses in vivo and in vitro were measured. Depletion of preexisting pDCs, but not FL-expanded pDCs, abrogated the beneficial effects of FL on survival, bacterial clearance, and neutrophil migration in response to burn wound infection. This requisite role of pDCs for FL-mediated enhancement of neutrophil migratory capacity is not due to direct effects of pDCs on neutrophils. cDCs, but not pDCs, directly increased neutrophil migratory capacity after co-culture. The protective effects of FL treatment after burn injury are mediated by both pDCs and cDCs. Pharmacological enhancement of both DC subtypes by FL is a potential therapeutic intervention to enhance immune responses to infection and improve outcome after burn injury.
Rape, apology, and the business of title IX compliance

ABSTRACTThis essay discusses the body politics of the contemporary student anti-rape movement, using the widely publicized 2016 case of Stanford Olympic hopeful and convicted sexual predator Brock Turner as an analytical departure point. My objective is to place the raced and gendered discourses of the Stanford case in the broader political debate about the rape crisis and Title IX compliance in higher education. My reading of the Stanford case and the cultural commentary generated by the rape survivor’s letter suggests that students would be better served if university administrators (1) recognize that sexual assault has been normalized on their campuses, particularly in college athletics and fraternities, (2) acknowledge the dignity of student survivors of sexual violence by offering an institutional apology, and (3) initiate substantive cultural reforms that extend beyond Title IX legal compliance.
Thermal fractionation and catalytic upgrading of lignocellulosic biomass to biofuels: Process synthesis and analysis

Abstract Multi-stage thermal biomass decomposition coupled with catalytic upgrading has a number of advantages over conventional single-stage pyrolysis with hydrotreating. However, significant gaps still exist in our understanding of the design of such processes. In this paper, we synthesize alternative catalytic upgrading strategies through integration of different chemistries. Using experimental data, we develop a process model for all strategies and conduct heat integration to minimize utility requirements. Then, using a wide range of technoeconomic analyses, we identify (1) the relationship between process complexity and the resulting fuel-range carbon yields and economic feasibility, (2) the economic advantage of integrating different thermal decomposition fractions, and (3) the key cost drivers of the integrated processes.
On the DoF of Two-Way MIMO Butterfly Networks

This paper studies the degrees of freedom (DoF) of two-way multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) butterfly networks, a class of two-way four-unicast networks, that consists of four source/destination nodes and three relay nodes. We first give upper and lower bounds on the sum DoF of such network with any number of antennas in each node. We also study the DoF of the two-way MIMO butterfly network with caching at the relays. For the special case that each source/destination node has $M$ antennas and each relay node has $N$ antennas, we obtain the exact DoF for some special cases. Specifically, if $N \leq M$ , then without caching, ${\rm DoF}=2N$ , which is equal to the DoF of a one-way MIMO butterfly network, and with relay caching, ${\rm DoF}=4N$ . Moreover, if $N > 2M$ , then with or without relay caching, ${\rm DoF}=4M$ which doubles the DoF of a one-way MIMO butterfly network. Hence, for this MIMO butterfly network, when the number of relay antennas is large compared with the number of source/destination antennas, bidirectional transmission improves the DoF; and when the number of relay antennas is small, relay caching improves the DoF.
Cigarette and e-liquid demand and substitution in e-cigarette-naïve smokers

Behavioral economic methods allow experimental manipulation of price and examination of its effects on tobacco product purchasing. These methods may be used to examine tobacco product abuse liability and to prospectively model possible effects of price regulation. In the present study, we examined multiple measures of behavioral economic demand for cigarettes and e-liquid for use in a second-generation electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) in e-cigarette-naive cigarette smokers. Twenty-five smokers received an e-cigarette (eGo ONE CT), sampled study e-liquid (24 mg/mL nicotine), and completed recurring sessions in which they used an experimental income to purchase real-world supplies of cigarettes and/or e-liquid. Participants also completed self-report measures of drug effects/liking. When products were available alone, we observed lower demand for e-liquid than for cigarettes. This effect was magnified when cigarettes and e-liquid were available concurrently. In additional assessments, e-liquid served as a partial substitute for cigarettes, but cigarettes did not serve as a substitute for e-liquid. Finally, participants rated e-liquid more poorly than cigarettes on several dimensions of drug effects/liking (any effects, liking, desire, and probability of continued use). We conclude that e-cigarette-naive smokers value cigarettes more highly than e-liquid across multiple contexts and measurements. Nonetheless, participants still valued e-liquid positively and purchased it frequently, both as a substitute for cigarettes and independently of cigarettes. To understand the variables that influence transitions from exclusive smoking to either dual cigarette/e-cigarette use or exclusive e-cigarette use, future work should systematically examine the role of duration of e-liquid exposure. (PsycINFO Database Record
Iron in the Duodenal Mucosa of Normal, Iron-loaded , and Iron-deficient Rats

Iron absorption studies with oral 59FeSO4 were performed on 13 iron-depleted, 11 iron-loaded, and 10 control rats, and nonheme iron was determined in both isolated epithelial cells and defoliated mucosa obtained from the duodenum. Mean absorption by the control animals was 18.5% of the dose. Both iron-depleted and iron-loaded groups showed significant differences in iron absorption (54.5% and 2.2% respectively). Compared with the normal controls, iron was decreased in the epithelial cells of the iron-deficient group, whereas higher concentrations were observed in the defoliated mucosa of iron-loaded animals. The latter observation was confirmed by the presence of iron-laden macrophages seen in sections of the lamina propria of the iron-loaded rats.
Processing entailments and accessing facts in a uniform frame system

This paper: 1) describes the structure of a "uniform" frame system; 2) shows how entailments can be computed within the system; and, 3) shows how contingent facts that are related to a concept can become accessable as a function of how deeply the meaning of that concept is processed. The system is called Uni-Frame and differs from slot-filler frame systems primarily in its commitment to uniformly representing all concepts and to maintaining a representation which is semantically well knit.
Flow in a containerless liquid system: Ring-sheared drop with finite surface shear viscosity

In microgravity a stationary contact ring can constrain a large liquid drop and a second contact ring in rotation can impose shear. With numerical simulations we show that significant flow occurs for finite surface interfacial viscosity, as for example, when protein is adsorbed to the interface.
John Dewey on Law

John Dewey wrote a handful of essays on various legal topics, and he made sprinkled references to law in his voluminous body of work. He did not elaborate a special theory of law, but rather analyzed legal matters from a pragmatic standpoint, treating law like other social institutions. This entry therefore begins with a summary of pragmatism. Then it addresses, in order, three topics Dewey covered with enduring significance: his critique of natural law, his account of judicial decision making, and his social theory of law. Beyond the specific insights conveyed in this essay, the enduring significance of Dewey’s work lies in his overall mindset—his belief in empirically informed intelligent inquiry and in the human capacity to engage in actions that bring improvements to the lives of individuals and society, through the courage to act and make empirical and value judgments in the face of disagreement, uncertainties, and the absence of absolute truths or universal standards.
Fast, Easy, and Good: Assessing Entrustable Professional Activities in Psychiatry Residents With a Mobile App.

PROBLEM Entrustable professional activities (EPAs) can be used to operationalize competency-based medical education. Mobile apps can efficiently capture feedback based on direct observation. To leverage the benefits of both, the authors developed an assessment tool that combines EPAs with mobile technology. APPROACH The authors designed an app to collect EPA data based on direct observation using human-technology interface guidelines. Data collected in the app included: name of resident, the 13 end-of-training EPAs for psychiatry, entrustment ratings, and corrective narrative feedback. The app was implemented in an outpatient continuity clinic for second-year psychiatry residents over a 10-month period between September 2017 and June 2018. Ten faculty-resident dyads piloted the app. To assess the feasibility, utility, and validity of this intervention, the authors examined 3 outcomes: (1) utilization (mean time to complete each assessment; percentage of dyads who completed 10 assessments), (2) quality of the comments (proportion of comments that were behaviorally specific and actionable), and (3) correlation between entrustment level and resident experience (defined as days elapsed since the beginning of the experience). OUTCOMES A total of 99 assessments were completed during the pilot. Mean time to complete an assessment was 76 seconds (standard deviation = 50 seconds, median = 67 seconds). Only 6 of the 10 dyads completed at least 10 assessments. Of all comments, 95% (94) were behaviorally specific and actionable and 91% (90) were corrective. Entrustment scores correlated moderately with resident experience (r = 0.43, P < .001). NEXT STEPS The authors' EPA mobile app was efficient, generated high-quality feedback, and produced entrustment scores that improved as the residents gained experience. Challenges included uneven adoption. Looking forward, the authors plan to examine the enablers and barriers to adoption from an implementation science perspective.
Hypothalamic circuitry underlying stress-induced insomnia and peripheral immunosuppression

The neural substrates of insomnia/hyperarousal induced by stress remain unknown. Here, we show that restraint stress leads to hyperarousal associated with strong activation of corticotropin-releasing hormone neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus (CRHPVN) and hypocretin neurons in the lateral hypothalamus (HcrtLH). CRHPVN neurons are quiescent during natural sleep-wake transitions but are strongly active under restraint stress. CRISPR-Cas9-mediated knockdown of the crh gene in CRHPVN neurons abolishes hyperarousal elicited by stimulating LH-projecting CRHPVN neurons. Genetic ablation of Hcrt neurons or crh gene knockdown significantly reduces insomnia/hyperarousal induced by restraint stress. Given the association between stress and immune function, we used single-cell mass cytometry by time of flight (CyTOF) to analyze peripheral blood and found extensive changes to immune cell distribution and functional responses during wakefulness upon optogenetic stimulation of CRHPVN neurons. Our findings suggest both central and peripheral systems are synergistically engaged in the response to stress via CRHPVN circuitry.
Insect bite hypersensitivity in horses

Allergic skin disease is a very common cause of itching in horses. The itching can severely affect the horse?s quality of life, leading to the horse wounding itself by biting or scratching, and it can reduce the utility of the horse. This 4-page fact sheet written by Rosanna Marsella, Nicky Craig, Carissa Wickens, and Samantha Brooks and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Animal Sciences explains how to manage allergic skin disease, control itching, treat secondary infections, and prevent the insect bites in the first place.https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/an359