cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On the Efficacy and Mediation of a One-on-One HIV Risk-Reduction Intervention for African American Men Who Have Sex with Men: A Randomized Controlled Trial

We examined the efficacy and mediation of Being Responsible for Ourselves (BRO), an HIV/STI risk-reduction intervention for African American men who have sex with men (MSM), the population with the highest HIV-diagnosis rate in the US. We randomized African American MSM to one of two interventions: BRO HIV/STI risk-reduction, targeting condom use; or attention-matched control, targeting physical activity and healthy diet. The interventions were based on social cognitive theory, the reasoned-action approach, and qualitative research. Men reporting anal intercourse with other men in the past 90 days were eligible and completed pre-intervention, immediately post-intervention, and 6 and 12 months post-intervention surveys. Of 595 participants, 503 (85 %) completed the 12-month follow-up. Generalized-estimating-equations analysis indicated that, compared with the attention-matched control intervention, the BRO intervention did not increase consistent condom use averaged over the 6- and 12-month follow-ups, which was the primary outcome. Although BRO did not affect the proportion of condom-protected intercourse acts, unprotected sexual intercourse, multiple partners, or insertive anal intercourse, it did reduce receptive anal intercourse compared with the control, a behavior linked to incident HIV infection. Mediation analysis using the product-of-coefficients approach revealed that although BRO increased seven of nine theoretical constructs it was designed to affect, it increased only one of three theoretical constructs that predicted consistent condom use: condom-use impulse-control self-efficacy. Thus, BRO indirectly increased consistent condom use through condom-use impulse-control self-efficacy. In conclusion, although BRO increased several theoretical constructs, most of those constructs did not predict consistent condom use; hence, the intervention did not increase it. Theoretical constructs that interventions should target to increase African American MSM’s condom use are discussed.
Logistic regression with an auxiliary data source

To achieve good generalization in supervised learning, the training and testing examples are usually required to be drawn from the same source distribution. In this paper we propose a method to relax this requirement in the context of logistic regression. Assuming Dp and Da are two sets of examples drawn from two mismatched distributions, where Da are fully labeled and Dp partially labeled, our objective is to complete the labels of Dp. We introduce an auxiliary variable μ for each example in Da to reflect its mismatch with Dp. Under an appropriate constraint the μ's are estimated as a byproduct, along with the classifier. We also present an active learning approach for selecting the labeled examples in Dp. The proposed algorithm, called "Migratory-Logit" or M-Logit, is demonstrated successfully on simulated as well as real data sets.
The in vitro inhibition of growth of intracellular Listeria monocytogenes by lymphocyte products.

Abstract The listeria-inhibiting activity of culture supernatants from listeria-immune and nonimmune lymphocytes was assessed on listeria-infected macrophage cultures. It was found that supernatant from listeria-immune lymphocyte cultures stimulated in vitro with antigen was markedly inhibitory to the multiplication of intracellular listeria. Some inhibitory activity was also evident in supernatant from antigen-stimulated non-immune lymphocyte cultures. Supernatant from listeria-immune lymphocytes stimulated in vivo with antigen was capable of inhibiting listeria. Some inhibitory activity was still evident upon dilution of active supernatant at 1:100.
Correlation of membranous glomerular ultrastructural changes with disease severity and outcome in lupus patients initiating cyclophosphamide therapy

The aim of this study was to assess the utility applying an electron microscopy (EM) scoring system used in idiopathic membranous nephritis based on the location of subepithelial and/or intramembranous electron dense deposits in interpretation of renal biopsies from patients with lupus nephritis. We selected patients with electron dense deposits traditionally associated with membranous changes on EM from 84 patients treated with bolus cyclophosphamide, with five years follow-up. An EM scoring system designed for idiopathic membranous nephritis was applied (stages I or II, mild changes; stages III or IV, advanced changes). Twenty-seven out of 84 had membranous changes by light microscopy, of whom 22 had satisfactory tissue for EM membranous analysis. Eleven out of 22 had mild EM changes (EM stage I or II); 11 had advanced disease (EM stage III). Advanced EM stage was associated with a higher serum creatinine at entry when tests were adjusted for WHO class (2.62 + 0.6 versus 1.31 + 0.28 mg/dL, P, 0.022 by A...
Analysis of Automated Speed Enforcement Cameras in Charlotte, North Carolina

The effects of a mobile automated speed enforcement system in Charlotte, North Carolina, were examined. Limited focus groups were conducted to characterize resident and professional attitudes, opinions, and beliefs regarding such a speed program. Overall, opinions were positive. The system, consisting of three mobile units, was implemented along 14 corridors. Two separate analyses were conducted on data collected from January 2000 to December 2005. Findings from a previous study done for the North Carolina Governor's Highway Safety Program were updated. The first, and primary, analysis was a before-and-after analysis of collisions. This study used Hauer's comparison group methodology. Three different collision data sets were analyzed: total collisions, data accounting for regression to the mean, and data for five heavily enforced corridors. On the basis of the analysis, the impact of regression to the mean appears to be negligible. The results indicate that the camera program likely reduced collisions in ...
Ovid Metamorphosed: The Polymorphous Polyphony of Widl/Mozart’s Apollo et Hyacinthus

This article situates Widl/Mozart’s Apollo et Hyacinthus (K. 38; 1767) in its historical and original performance context to counter claims that this is a heteronormative work. Widl recast a love story more widely known from Ovid’s Metamorphoses, and W. A. Mozart supplied the music for this intermedio. I trace the different versions of this myth in the texts of Ovid and Widl. I consider the connections between Apollo et Hyacinthus and Clementia Croesi, the “masque” with which this intermedio was interspersed in performance. First produced at the Salzburg Gymnasium with an all-male cast, there is a confusion of gender and a persistence of homosexuality written into this work and its initial performance. I study contemporary attitudes towards sexuality and morality to unpack how eighteenth-century audiences would have read this work. These disparate threads combine to reveal the ambiguity, the polymorphous perversity (in Holsinger’s sense), of Apollo et Hyacinthus.
Glucose Controls Phosphoregulation of Hydroxymethylglutaryl Coenzyme A Reductase through the Protein Phosphatase 2A-related Phosphatase Protein, Ppe1, and Insig in Fission Yeast

HMG-CoA reductase (HMGR) catalyzes a rate-limiting step in sterol biosynthesis and is a key control point in the feedback inhibition that regulates this pathway. Through the action of the membrane protein Insig, HMGR synthesis and degradation are regulated to maintain sterol homeostasis. The fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe encodes homologs of HMGR and Insig called hmg1+ and ins1+, respectively. In contrast to the mammalian system, Ins1 regulates Hmg1 by a nondegradative mechanism involving phosphorylation of the Hmg1 active site. Here, we investigate the role of the Ins1-Hmg1 system in coupling glucose sensing to regulation of sterol biosynthesis. We show that Ins1-dependent Hmg1 phosphorylation is strongly induced in response to glucose withdrawal and that HMGR activity is correspondingly reduced. We also find that inability to activate Hmg1 phosphorylation under nutrient limiting conditions results in overaccumulation of sterol pathway intermediates. Furthermore, we show that regulation of Hmg1 phosphorylation requires the protein phosphatase 2A-related phosphatase Ppe1 and its regulator Sds23. These results describe a mechanism by which cells tune the rate of sterol synthesis to match nutrient availability.
NMR and double resonance spectra of the deuterodifluoroethylenes

Abstract The ambiguity in the relative signs of J HH′ and J HF in the three difluoroethylene isomers has been removed by analysis of the NMR spectra of the monodeuterodifluoroethylenes. The relative signs obtained in this way are the same as those suggested by comparison of the coupling constants of various fluoro-olefins, with the exception that J HH ( cis ) is of the same sign as J HF ( gem ) while J FF ( cis ) is opposite in sign to J HF ( gem ) in cis -1,2-difluoroethylene. These assignments are confirmed using the nuclear Overhauser effect. Detailed analysis of the Overhauser effect further indicates the relative importance of various proton, deuteron, and fluorine relaxation mechanisms in these molecules. The deuterium isotope effects on the fluorine chemical shift for deuterium substitution gem, trans , and cis , respectively, to a fluorine atom in these molecules fall in the following ranges: (19.6–20.2 cps) gem , (10.3–16.8 cps) trans , (8.2–11.7 cps) cis . The effects of substitution of two deuterium atoms on the F 19 chemical shifts are simply additive.
Is there still a role for liver biopsy in managing hepatitis C virus infections

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Loyalty, Love, and Investments: The Impact of Job Outcomes on the Organizational Commitment of Correctional Staff

In a time of restricted budgets, true recognition of staff as a resource calls for correctional institutions to be more prudent in developing an environment that promotes staff commitment. Although...
Aluminum toxicity in childhood

In a 1970 article in the Journal of Pediatrics, John B. Reinhart seriously questioned the value of chronic dialysis or renal transplantation in children because of ‘the cost to the child in terms of physical and emotional discomfort’. Major improvements in the support of dialysis patients over the next decade, including the description by Popovich of ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, made the care of children with end stage renal disease at home feasible. As the long term survival of kidney transplant patients was documented, there was increased enthusiasm for providing aggressive therapy for these children. However, many disquieting factors remained.
Dendritic cells: regulators of alloimmunity and opportunities for tolerance induction.

Summary: Dendritic cells (DCs) are uniquely well-equipped antigen-presenting cells (APCs) regarded classically as sentinels of the immune response, which induce and regulate T-cell reactivity. They play critical roles in central tolerance and in the maintenance of peripheral tolerance in the normal steady state. Following cell or organ transplantation, DCs present antigen to T cells via the direct or indirect pathways of allorecognition. These functions of DCs set in train the rejection response, but they also serve as potential targets for suppression of alloimmune reactivity and promotion of tolerance induction. Much evidence from various model systems now indicates that DCs can induce specific T-cell tolerance. Although underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated, the capacity to induce T-regulatory cells may be an important property of tolerogenic or regulatory DCs. Efforts to generate ‘designer’ DCs with tolerogenic properties in the laboratory using specific cytokines, immunologic or pharmacologic reagents, or genetic engineering approaches have already met with some success. Alternatively, targeting of DCs in vivo (e.g. by infusion of apoptotic allogeneic cells) to take advantage of their inherent tolerogenicity has also demonstrated exciting potential. The remarkable heterogeneity and plasticity of these important APCs present additional challenges to optimizing DC-based therapies that may lead to improved tolerance-enhancing strategies in the clinic.
Much Ado about Nogo.

Three proteins in mature myelin (Nogo, MAG, and OMgp) have been purported to be critical in causing both regenerative failure and minimal sprouting after CNS injury. However, the role of this repulsive trio in vivo has been controversial. Lee et al., in this issue of Neuron , provide evidence that genetically deleting all three major myelin inhibitors either singly or all together does not result in regeneration after spinal cord lesion, and the minimal sprouting that occurs, when it does, is insufficient to restore meaningful behavior.
Methodology Mashups: An Exploration of Processes Used to Maintain Software

The majority of studies of software development processes explore initial development rather than ongoing software maintenance, yet the majority of the systems development budget in many organizations is devoted to maintenance. Software maintenance projects differ significantly from original development projects, indicating a need for more research specifically concerning maintenance processes. This study uses a grounded theory research method to explore how information technology professionals define and select a methodology to maintain existing software. We found that in-use maintenance methodologies are composed of components from multiple formal methodologies. We developed a factor model describing how these components are chosen. The findings contribute to a better understanding of how standard methodologies are applied in software practice and the critical factors used by professionals when choosing an appropriate methodology for software maintenance activities. This research underscores the need for incorporating the full software life cycle in information systems development research and education.
Subcrown internode length of spring wheat and barley as influenced by light and soil temperature

Biological theory and some field observations during a dry spring suggest that small grains have an adaptive advantage in an environment with dry surface soil if the crown sets near the seed, because crown roots would have a better chance of forming in moist soil. Our objective was to measure how subcrown internode length in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and spring barley (Hordeum vulgure L.) responds to soil temperature and light regimes. Eight cultivars of both wheat and barley were evaluated at each of two light intensities and four soil temperature regimes. Both wheat and barley had shorter subcrown internodes when subjected to light as opposed to shade. Decreasing soil temperatures produced shorter subcrown internodes in both species. When averaged over the light and soil temperature regimes, there was a wide range of subcrown internode lengths among the cultivars, with values ranging from 28.1 to 8.3 mm for wheat and from 34.7 to 0.2 mm for barley. Wheat cultivars responded similarly to light and soil temperature treatments, but a differential response to light and temperature was observed with barley. One barley entry initiated its crown at or near the seed across all light and soil temperature regimes. These data suggest that under semiarid conditions, plant breeders should consider subcrown internode length as a selection criterion for spring cereals. Contribution no. J-2016 from the Montana Agric. Exp. Stn.
A Simple, Inexpensive Preparation of Highly Pure Copper (I) Bromide and its Dimethylsulfide Complex

Abstract We were faced recently with the task of preparing either or both of the olefins 1 and 2 with deuterium incorporation as completely regiospecific as possible. The highly specific syn addition of alkylcopper reagents to 1-alkynes1,2,3 appeared the simplest and most direct route to these substances. However, untilthe recent publication of Helquist,3 the addition of methyl in such a fashion, while of obvious synthetic importance had been
Molecular basis of cross-species reactivities of human versus porcine CTLA-4.

The binding motif of human CTLA-4 is well known to be MYPPPY and for porcine CTLA-4 the binding motif is LYPPPY. Is this single amino acid difference of methionine (M) versus leucine (L) critical for the CTLA-4 binding? Recently, we have reported that the recombinant soluble porcine CTLA-4 was incapable of binding to human CD80. In this study we mutated L to M in the binding motif of the soluble porcine CTLA-4 and mutated M to L in the binding motif of the soluble human CTLA-4. We then analyzed how these mutations affected the binding affinity of the mutants to both porcine and human CD80+ cells. The soluble porcine CTLA-4-L97M mutant partially lost its binding affinity to porcine CD80 compared to the wild-type and conferred very weak binding ability to human CD80. These results indicate that the L in the binding motif of porcine CTLA-4 is important for determining its binding ability to porcine CD80. Wild-type soluble human CTLA-4 binds to both human and porcine CD80 with comparable affinity, however, the soluble human CTLA-4-M97L mutant almost lost its binding ability to human CD80 and increased its binding ability to porcine CD80. These results indicate that M in the human CTLA-4 binding motif is extremely critical for its binding to human CD80. Those data suggest that the human CTLA-4 based recombinant protein drugs such as human CTLA-4-Ig can be used and/or tested in a porcine model. Conversely, the use of porcine CTLA-4 based recombinant protein drugs such as porcine CTLA-4-Ig is restricted to swine models. The difference in binding specificity of CTLA-4 observed in this study may be useful for studies such as pig to nonhuman primate xeno-transplantation. Porcine CTLA-4- and human CTLA-4-M97L mutant-based recombinant protein drugs can be used to specifically block the direct presentation by donor antigen presenting cells in pig to nonhuman primate xeno-transplantation. Human CTLA-4-M97L mutant-based recombinant protein drugs will be more ideal as it is without immunogenicity to human being.
Dissecting reactivity of clerocidin toward common buffer systems by means of selected drug analogues.

The model drug clerocidin (CL) can form covalent adducts with both Tris and phosphate buffers with negative effects on biological activity, even though the latter is considered a largely inert physiological buffer. With the ultimate goal of learning how to control such reactivity and reduce undesired side reactions, we have investigated the influence of the different functionalities of CL on the formation of buffer adducts. For this reason, selected drug analogues were tested for their ability to react with the two buffers and comprehensive information was gained on both thermodynamics and kinetics aspects of these reactions. Two distinctive reactivity modes were readily observed. The first proved to be under kinetic control and involved the reaction of drug carbonyls (especially the aldehyde in C15) with the Tris amino group to form a Schiff base. The second was found to proceed under thermodynamic control through the attack at the oxirane ring of CL by the buffer's nucleophilic groups (amino nitrogen in...
X-RAY FLARING ACTIVITY OF MARKARIAN 421

We report results from a systematic search for X-ray flares from Mrk 421, using archival data from the Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) satellite. The flares are clearly seen over a wide range of timescales. The quasicontinuouscoverageofthesourcewiththeAll-SkyMonitor(ASM)reveals frequentoccurrenceofmajorflaresthat last for months. On a few occasions, the source was intensively monitored with the more sensitive pointing instruments aboard RXTE. The data from these observations show the presence of X-ray flares of much shorter duration, ranging from weeks down to less than an hour. For the first time, we clearly resolved the most rapid flares from Mrk 421. Moreover, Fourier analyses reveal variability on even shorter timescales, up to about 0.01 Hz. The source appears to behave differently in its spectral properties during different flares, large or small, which is intriguing. While significant hysteresis is observed to be associated with spectral evolution in some cases, little is seen in other cases. Sometimes, the shape of the X-ray spectrum hardly varies across a flare. Therefore, the phenomenology is complex. The observed hierarchical structure of the X-ray flares seems to imply the scaleinvariant nature of the phenomenon, perhaps similar in this regard to solar flares or the rapid X-ray flares observed from stellar-mass black holes. Combined with other results, the observed flaring timescales seriously constrain the physical properties of X-ray‐emitting regions in the jets of Mrk 421. Subject headings: BL Lacertae objects: individual (Markarian 421) — galaxies: active — radiation mechanisms: nonthermal — X-rays: galaxies
Influence of Protein Emulsifier Interfacial Properties on Oil-in-Water Emulsion Stability

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to determine whether the interfacial properties of emulsifier films could be related to emulsion stability and therefore be used as stability predictors using Bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a model oil-in water (o/w) emulsifier. Soybean o/w emulsions were prepared by ultrasonication, emulsion droplet interfacial charge was determined by microelectrophoresis, droplet size distribution was measured using an Accusizer, and centrifugal stress was studied using an ultracentrifuge. Real time, thermal kinetic, and centrifugal stress accelerated stability tests were performed. Stability data obtained from centrifugal stress tests followed the same trends as real time stability data and these data were in general agreement with stability predictions made based on interfacial properties. The thermal kinetic accelerated tests were not predictive of stability, because emulsion breakdown was rapid and did not allow differentiation between the emulsions. Emulsion stability increased...
Work in progress - a meta-study of software tools for introductory programming

This work is a meta-study of software tools recently developed for the introductory programming sequence. Tools are classified according to their type, the pedagogical paradigm supported, intended usage, and follow-up language; any reported assessment of their effectiveness is also analyzed and evaluated. Our intention is that this work will serve to aid educators seeking to improve their instruction in introductory programming through the use of instructional software tools
Incorporating Simulation Into Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Residency Education and Training: Christiana Care's Method.

Surgical residency education has undergone a paradigm shift, with more emphasis being placed on the value of simulation as a core educational tool. As a result, the Halstedian education model of ‘‘see one, do one, teach one’’ is no longer the preferred method of initial procedural and cognitive training. Patient care involves a more experienced and confident interaction with the resident, likely resulting in enhanced patient care and safety. This requires a change for residents and faculty alike. Although there is considerable literature describing the use of simulation in general surgery and anesthesia residency education, there is scant information specifically on its use in oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMS) residency training. Programs need to balance the reality of clinical duties with the importance of patient safety and proficiency-based trainingthatsimulation canprovide. Simulation provides the ability to tailor specific educationalgoalstofittheneedsofaprogram’sstrengthsand resources and ensures that residents gain experience in high-risk, low-volume procedures and to make the learning conducive to all levels of learners within the residency. 1 The process of implementing simulation education involves a change in philosophy with regard to current residency education. This new philosophy requires that the learner, not the patient, be the educational focus and itensuresthat errorsare used asteaching points. 2 Further, it fosters competency based on validatedmeasurements. 2 TheOMSresidencyprogram at Christiana Care is developing and implementing simulation with the institution’s Virtual Education and Simulation Training Center into the core curriculum of residency training. Six core areas of residency training were identified: surgical skills, physical diagnosis, ethics and professionalism, Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support (ACLS), anesthesia, and patient management. Simulation models are being developed that cover these core areas. Currently, scant information is available in the literature on implementing simulation into OMS residency education; thus, we present an initial novel approach toward residency education. In the implementation of this pilot program, sessions were developed and scheduled over the course of the academic year: 1) management of difficult airways, 2) local skin flaps (Fig 1), 3) laparoscopic fundamentals for arthroscopy of the temporomandibular joint, 4) objective structured assessment of technical skills for formative assessment of laceration closure, 3 5) delib
Community and environmental influences on reef coral calcification

Reef corals calcify faster in the presence of non-calcareous algae. Ratios of calcification to photosynthesis appear to be affected by the ratio of alkalinity to acidity, which controls how efficiently the protons from calcification convert bicarbonate to carbon dioxide. By forcing calcifiers to calcify faster, algal proliferation on nutrient-enriched reefs may adversely affect the reef-builders.
Relationship of Dietary Calcium Level During the Prelay Phase of an Induced Molt to Postmolt Performance

Abstract Leghorn laying hens were induced to molt by a combination of photoperiod reduction and fasting for 14 days, during which time the hens lost 31.5% of their initial body weight. The hens were then assigned to one of four diets containing 1.0, 1.75, 2.5, or 3.5% calcium until egg production resumed. The 3.5% calcium diet was fed to all treatments from the resumption of 5% egg production. Postmolt egg production and feed conversion were not affected significantly. Egg weight, shell weight, and egg specific gravity were not affected consistently. It was concluded that high dietary calcium levels immediately postfast have no adverse effect on postmolt performance.
A stable pattern of EEG spectral coherence distinguishes children with autism from neuro-typical controls - a large case control study

The autism rate has recently increased to 1 in 100 children. Genetic studies demonstrate poorly understood complexity. Environmental factors apparently also play a role. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies demonstrate increased brain sizes and altered connectivity. Electroencephalogram (EEG) coherence studies confirm connectivity changes. However, genetic-, MRI- and/or EEG-based diagnostic tests are not yet available. The varied study results likely reflect methodological and population differences, small samples and, for EEG, lack of attention to group-specific artifact. Of the 1,304 subjects who participated in this study, with ages ranging from 1 to 18 years old and assessed with comparable EEG studies, 463 children were diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD); 571 children were neuro-typical controls (C). After artifact management, principal components analysis (PCA) identified EEG spectral coherence factors with corresponding loading patterns. The 2- to 12-year-old subsample consisted of 430 ASD- and 554 C-group subjects (n = 984). Discriminant function analysis (DFA) determined the spectral coherence factors' discrimination success for the two groups. Loading patterns on the DFA-selected coherence factors described ASD-specific coherence differences when compared to controls. Total sample PCA of coherence data identified 40 factors which explained 50.8% of the total population variance. For the 2- to 12-year-olds, the 40 factors showed highly significant group differences (P < 0.0001). Ten randomly generated split half replications demonstrated high-average classification success (C, 88.5%; ASD, 86.0%). Still higher success was obtained in the more restricted age sub-samples using the jackknifing technique: 2- to 4-year-olds (C, 90.6%; ASD, 98.1%); 4- to 6-year-olds (C, 90.9%; ASD 99.1%); and 6- to 12-year-olds (C, 98.7%; ASD, 93.9%). Coherence loadings demonstrated reduced short-distance and reduced, as well as increased, long-distance coherences for the ASD-groups, when compared to the controls. Average spectral loading per factor was wide (10.1 Hz). Classification success suggests a stable coherence loading pattern that differentiates ASD- from C-group subjects. This might constitute an EEG coherence-based phenotype of childhood autism. The predominantly reduced short-distance coherences may indicate poor local network function. The increased long-distance coherences may represent compensatory processes or reduced neural pruning. The wide average spectral range of factor loadings may suggest over-damped neural networks.
Feasibility and Findings from a Novel Working Memory fMRI Paradigm in Multiple Sclerosis

Background: Functional MRI (fMRI) basic cognitive paradigms such as the n-back have been shown to detect cognitive impairment (CI) in Multiple Sclerosis (MS). The immediate memory task/delayed memory task (IMT/DMT) detects varying degrees of working memory (WM) by alternating three levels of complexity and two levels of WM delay. This paradigm has not been evaluated in MS nor validated against standard neuropsychological (NP) testing. Objective: To evaluate the correlation between WM function and blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) activation on fMRI in MS patients undergoing the IMT/DMT. To compare IMT/DMT behavioral scores to NP scores. Methods: 10 MS patients with no history of CI underwent the Minimal Assessment of Cognitive Function in MS (MACFIMS) and an fMRI session where they performed the IMT/DMT. Working-memory (“wmem”) activation was defined as the BOLD signal during DMT blocks for a particular condition (3, 5, or 7 digits per stimuli) minus the BOLD signal during IMT blocks for that condition. Areas of statistically significant Family Wise Error (FWE) -corrected cluster-level BOLD activation were identified using SPM8 Random Effects t-test. IMT/DMT behavioral data and MACFIMS scores were compared. Results: The 3-digit as well as the 5-digit wmem showed significant fMRI BOLD activation. The 3-digit wmem, activation was found in portions of the bilateral superior and mid frontal cortex, supplementary motor area, pre and post central gyrus, bilateral superior and inferior parietal lobule, inferolateral pre-frontal cortex, cuneus, insula and cingulate regions. The 5 digit wmen activation was seen in the inferior medial frontal and medial orbitofrontal cortex. IMT/DMT behavioral scores were within normal range and consistent with MACFIMS. Conclusion: IMT/DMT, a novel fMRI working memory paradigm, is associated with BOLD activation in areas of the brain related to cognitive function in patients with MS. Both MACFIMS and IMT/DMT scores were in agreement and supported intact cognitive function.
Microparticle probes for laboratory plasmas

Two applications of microparticles (micron-size particles) for laboratory plasma diagnosis are discussed. The first application is about injecting hypervelocity microparticles [(HDI) for hypervelocity dust injection] for internal magnetic field measurement in high-temperature plasmas. Since the concept of HDI has already been examined in details in our previous works, the primary focus here is to compare different schemes of microparticle acceleration. A new design of HDI based on plasma-dynamic accelerator is described to inject multiple microparticles to velocities around 10 km/s simultaneously. The other application is about using microparticles to measure plasma flow [(mPTV) for microparticle tracer velocimetry]. Directions of plasma flow at multiple locations can be measured simultaneously using mPTV because ion drag dominates over other forces inside laboratory plasmas of order 10/sup 19/ m/sup -3/ in density and a few electron volts in temperature. In addition to complex interactions between a microparticle with plasma, the magnitude of plasma flow may not be obtained directly from the microparticle velocity because of the time it takes for each microparticle to relax to local plasma velocity. In summary, microparticles are naturally small objects in all three dimensions and can, therefore, become useful diagnostics for laboratory plasmas with minimal perturbation.
Effects of Geographic Distribution on Dominance Perceptions in Computer-Mediated Groups

This study examined how the geographic distribution of group members affected dominance perceptions in a field experiment involving 65 computer-mediated groups communicating over a 2-week period. Dominance perceptions were more extreme when group members did not share a geographic location (distributed groups) than when they did (collocated groups). Collocated groups showed greater convergence between self and partner dominance perceptions than distributed groups, suggesting more symmetrical perceptions. More symmetrical groups exhibited more attraction and cohesion than less symmetrical groups. These results lend some support to recent models of computer-mediated communication that take into consideration the social psychological processes involved in distributed work and run counter to studies suggesting status equalization in mediated group collaboration.
Analysis of expression of cell surface antigen Mr 74,000 phosphoglycoprotein in normal, oncogene-transformed, and neoplastic rat cell lines.

A M r 74,000 phosphoglycoprotein (gp74) present on the surface of oncogene-transformed murine cells but not untransformed NIH 3T3 cells was previously identified with mouse monoclonal antibody 45-2D9. The original cell population used as the immunogen was found to consist of two cell populations. The purpose of this study was to characterize these cell populations; determine the distribution of gp74 on normal, transformed, and neoplastic cells; and to characterize the gp74 molecule. Southern hybridization studies of cloned cell populations demonstrated that the immunizing cell population consisted of c-Ha- ras -transfected NIH 3T3 cells and Kirsten sarcoma virus-transformed rat cells (TRF cells). TRF cells showed a high level of gp74 expression. We observed that the expression of gp74 was increased on chemically and spontaneously transformed rat cells compared to untransformed rat cells. No binding of monoclonal antibody 45-2D9 was detected to rat adult and fetal tissue. Immunoperoxidase staining, immunofluorescence flow cytometry, and immunoprecipitation analysis of dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced metastatic 13762NF rat mammary adenocarcinoma clonal sublines demonstrated an inverse relationship between gp74 expression and metastatic phenotype. gp74 was immunoprecipitated from two low and medium metastatic clonal sublines (MTC and MTF7), but not from highly metastatic clone MTLn3 cells. Biosynthetic labeling and immunoprecipitation studies demonstrated that gp74 was phosphorylated on serine residues and was not secreted from transformed cells. No detectable protein kinase activity in an immune complex assay was associated with this molecule. We conclude that increased gp74 expression by rat cells is associated with transformed and neoplastic cells.
An Approach to Compiling Single-point Iterative Programs for Distributed Memory Computers

This paper proposes a scheme for compiling an important class of iterative algorithms into efficient code for distributed memory computers. The programmer provides a description of the problem in Spot: a data parallel SIMD language that uses iterations as the unit of synchronization and is based on grids of data points. The data parallel description is in terms of a single point of the data space, with implicit communication semantics, and a set of numerical boundary conditions. The compiler eliminates the need for multi-tasking by ‘(expanding” the single-point code into multiplepoint code that executes over rectangular regions of points. Using rectangle intersection and difference operations on these regions allows the compiler to automatically insert the required communication calls and to hide communication latency by overlapping comput at ion and communication. The multiple-point code may be specialized, at compile-time, to the size and shape of different allocations, or it may use table-driven for-loops to adapt, at run-time, to the shape and size of the allocations. We show how to generalize this strategy to produce code for the near-rectangular shaped allocations required for balanced partitionings of rectangular arrays.
Finite grid instability and spectral fidelity of the electrostatic Particle-In-Cell algorithm

Abstract The origin of the Finite Grid Instability (FGI) is studied by resolving the dynamics in the 1D electrostatic Particle-In-Cell (PIC) model in the spectral domain at the single particle level and at the collective motion level. The spectral fidelity of the PIC model is contrasted with the underlying physical system or the gridless model. The systematic spectral phase and amplitude errors from the charge deposition and field interpolation are quantified for common particle shapes used in the PIC models. It is shown through such analysis and in simulations that the lack of spectral fidelity relative to the physical system due to the existence of aliased spatial modes is the major cause of the FGI in the PIC model.
Bis-(benzene-thiol-ato)(2,2'-biquinoline)zinc(II).

The title compound, [Zn(C6H5S)2(C18H12N2)], was prepared as a model for future complexes that will be incorporated into light-harvesting arrays. The ZnII atom lies on a twofold rotation axis and the ligands are arranged tetra­hedrally around this atom. The benzene­thiol­ate ligand and the biquinoline ligand are nearly perpendicular to one another, making a dihedral angle of 84.09 (5)°. The biquinoline ligand is nearly planar, with a maximum deviation of 0.055 (3) A from the mean plane of the ring system. In the crystal, the mol­ecules pack in a manner such that the biquinoline ligands are parallel to one another, with a π–π inter­action [interplanar distance = 3.38 (1) A] with the neighboring biquinoline ligand.
Queer Student Leaders of Color: Leadership as Authentic, Collaborative, Culturally Competent

A phenomenological study yielded rich data about the essence of being a queer student leader of Color. Six participants described a desire to be authentic, culturally competent, and collaborative leaders, but they faced challenges enacting these forms of leadership as they navigated oppression (e.g., disrespect, stereotyping, tokenization, exoticization) within a predominantly White queer student group. These experiences prompted them to consider creating a queer people of Color group for support.
Regulation of food intake and body weight in rats by the synthetic heme analogue cobalt protoporphyrin.

Cobalt protoporphyrin (CoPP) in single subcutaneous doses produces prolonged weight loss in adult and aged male rats. The altered body weight level in treated animals is actively defended against starvation or overfeeding over prolonged time periods (greater than 50-100 days). The actions of CoPP on appetite and body weight regulation are biphasic, comprising an initial period of hypophagia, probably mediated centrally, until a particular body weight level is attained. Resumption of normal calorie intake follows, although lowered body weight levels are sustained, suggesting an additional action of the compound on peripheral substrate metabolism. Controlled decrements in body weight can be produced by repetitive low-dose CoPP treatment (e.g., 1 mumol/kg body wt weekly); low-dose regimens do not elicit altered hormonal homeostasis or aberrations in heme/cytochrome P-450 regulation that have been observed following larger doses (25-50 mumol/kg body wt) of the compound. CoPP may be a valuable probe with which to explore the role of heme-related molecules in the regulation of appetite and body weight.
Endometrial histology and parenteral estrogen progestogen administration.

During the sixth seventh eighth or ninth cycle of use endometrial tissue was obtained through suction biopsy from 40 patients (mean age 26 years mean number of pregnancies 3.5) receiving Deladroxate at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania Family Planning Clinic. Tissue was obtained from Day 1-29 after the most recent injection. Deladroxate is composed of 150 mg of 16-alpha 17-alpha dihydroxyprogesterone acetophenide and 10 mg of estradiol enanthate in an oil vehicle. Injections were parenteral and administered on the seventh eighth or ninth day of each cycle. In the 36 specimens considered adequate for evaluation the histologic features studied and scored were glandular morphology stromal morphology and vascular morphology. During the first 9 days of the cycle the time interval before during and immediately after each injection glandular activity attributable to estrogenic action was evident. After the first cycle throughout each entire cycle including the brief interval of estrogenic effect glandular vacuolation and predecidual stromal reaction secondary to progestational effect were seen. The endometrial histologies may have been affected by variabilities in the absorption of the parenterally administered prepartion or by selective absorption of the estrogen or progestogen. In the discussion comparisons are made to typical sequential and combination preparations.
Memories that last in hypertension

In recent years, it has become clear that the immune system contributes to the genesis of hypertension. Hypertensive stimuli, such as angiotensin II, DOCA-salt, and norepinephrine, cause T cells and monocytes/macrophages to accumulate in the kidney and vasculature. These cells release inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6, interferon-γ, and IL-17, that promote renal and vascular dysfunction. These cytokines also promote angiotensinogen production in the proximal tubule and Na+ retention in the distal nephron and contribute to renal fibrosis and glomerular damage. For several years, we have observed accumulation of memory T cells in the kidney and vasculature. Given the propensity for memory cells to produce cytokines such as interferon-γ and IL-17, interventions to prevent the formation or renal accumulation of specific memory T cell subsets could prevent end-organ damage and blood pressure elevation in response to hypertensive stimuli.
Finite Element Analysis of Functionally Graded Shell Panels Under Thermal Loading

Functionally Graded Materials (FGM) have continuous variation of material properties from one surface to another unlike a composite which has stepped (or discontinuous) material properties. The gradation of properties in an FGM reduces the thermal stresses, residual stresses, and stress concentrations found in traditional composites. An FGM’s gradation in material properties allows the designer to tailor material response to meet design criteria. For example, the Space Shuttle utilizes ceramic tiles as thermal protection from heat generated during re-entry into the Earth’s atmosphere. However, these tiles are prone to cracking at the tile / superstructure interface due to differences in thermal expansion coefficients. An FGM made of ceramic and metal can provide the thermal protection and load carrying capability in one material thus eliminating the problem of cracked tiles found on the Space Shuttle. This paper will explore analysis of shell panels under thermal loading and compare performance of traditional homogeneous materials to FGMs using ABAQUS [1] finite element software. First, theoretical development of FGMs is presented. Second, finite element modeling technique for FGMs is discussed for a thermal stress analysis. Third, homogeneous curved panels made of ceramic and metal are analyzed under thermal loading. Finally, FGM curved panels created from a mixture of ceramic and metal are analyzed. FGM performance is compared to the homogeneous materials in order to explore the effect continuously grading material properties has on structural performance.© 2005 ASME
Research on test-generation technology of combined digital IC

This article introduced the basic conception of combined digital IC,including classification of digital IC test,controllability,observation,testability,fault,limitation and invalidation etc.Then it summarized theory of test generation and test process of combined digital IC.It emphasized test-generating algorithms of digital IC.These algorithms included BULL differences,XOR,PATH sensitize,D,PODEM and FAN algorithm and were all basic algorithms of test generation that can be used in different applications.
Frequent Use of the IgA Isotype in Human B Cells Encoding Potent Norovirus-Specific Monoclonal Antibodies That Block HBGA Binding

Noroviruses (NoV) are the most common cause of non-bacterial acute gastroenteritis and cause local outbreaks of illness, especially in confined situations. Despite being identified four decades ago, the correlates of protection against norovirus gastroenteritis are still being elucidated. Recent studies have shown an association of protection with NoV-specific serum histo-blood group antigen-blocking antibody and with serum IgA in patients vaccinated with NoV VLPs. Here, we describe the isolation and characterization of human monoclonal IgG and IgA antibodies against a GI.I NoV, Norwalk virus (NV). A higher proportion of the IgA antibodies blocked NV VLP binding to glycans than did IgG antibodies. We generated isotype-switched variants of IgG and IgA antibodies to study the effects of the constant domain on blocking and binding activities. The IgA form of antibodies appears to be more potent than the IgG form in blocking norovirus binding to histo-blood group antigens. These studies suggest a unique role for IgA antibodies in protection from NoV infections by blocking attachment to cell receptors.
K-12 ED.D. Programs

African American males have historically been overrepresented in all categories of special education. Because racial, gender, cultural, and linguistic biases are often the major contributors to the overrepresentation of special education, race and segregation are also concerns for African American males (Irving & Hudley, 2008).
The Paradox of Spanking: Ideology, Context, and Framing Effects on Attitudes Toward Corporal Punishment

This research analyzes data from a survey experiment testing whether asking about male domestic violence (“man hitting woman”) prior to corporal punishment affects opinions on the latter; and whether framing the corporal punishment question in a gender consistent way (“father spanks daughter”) or not (“parents spank child”) further alters opinion. Results show that context and framing both reduce support for corporal punishment. The strongest context effects occur among liberals, with small but significant framing effects occurring among conservatives. The results suggest that political discourse about domestic violence, especially heightening gender norms, can draw attention to the violent nature of corporal punishment and alter the acceptability of spanking children.
3D printed microfluidic mixer for point-of-care diagnosis of anemia

3D printing has been an emerging fabrication tool in prototyping and manufacturing. We demonstrated a 3D microfluidic simulation guided computer design and 3D printer prototyping for quick turnaround development of microfluidic 3D mixers, which allows fast self-mixing of reagents with blood through capillary force. Combined with smartphone, the point-of-care diagnosis of anemia from finger-prick blood has been successfully implemented and showed consistent results with clinical measurements. Capable of 3D fabrication flexibility and smartphone compatibility, this work presents a novel diagnostic strategy for advancing personalized medicine and mobile healthcare.