cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cellular delivery of siRNA and antisense oligonucleotides via receptor-mediated endocytosis.

Introduction: There is great potential for antisense and siRNA oligonucleotides to become mainstream therapeutic entities thanks to their high specificity and wide therapeutic target space compared with small molecules. Despite this potential, the pharmacological targets within the cells are less accessible to oligonucleotides that are hydrophilic and often charged. Oligonucleotides access their intracellular targets mainly by means of endocytosis, but only a fraction of them reach their targets, as delivery requires functional synergy of cellular uptake and intracellular trafficking. Areas covered: This review provides an update on the progress of receptor-targeted delivery of oligonucleotides over the last 15 years and summarizes various targeting moieties for oligonucleotide delivery and coupling strategies. To inspire new strategies that can lead to oligonucleotides in the clinic, this review highlights how oligonucleotides successfully reach their intracellular targets by means of receptor-mediated e...
Simple Technique Employs Vector Network Analyzer to Broadband High Power Amplifiers in Situ

A relatively simple test set-up assists in the broadband tuning of circuits operating at high power levels (i.e. 30 Watts). This procedure also employs a fairly common equipment set. With this method it is possible to optimize ?in (reflection coefficient) as well as Gp (power gain) across the frequency band of interest. This technique employs a network analyzer, which displays ?in or Gp, allowing the effects of circuit tuning to be observed in real time. This dramatically reduces the time it takes to optimize circuit performance. ?in data includes phase information, which can reduce circuit losses seen when transforming past 50 Ohms. This method also allows the user to extend the measurement reference plane into the input matching network.
A policy-driven scheduler for a time-sharing system

The services received by a process from a time-sharing operating system can be characterized by a resource count ∑ wiRij where Rij is the number of units of service received by process j from resource i and wi is the cost per unit of the service. Each class of users can be characterized by a policy function which specifies the amount of service a user who belongs to this class should receive as a function of time. Priority changes dynamically as a function of the difference between the service promised to the user by the policy function and the service he actually receives.A scheduling and swapping algorithm which keeps the resource count of each process above its policy function will provide the specified level of service. Overhead can be reduced by avoiding swaps of processes which have received at least this level of service. The algorithm has been implemented in a general purpose operating system, and it has provided significantly better service to interactive and to batch jobs than the previous scheduler.
Facile sonochemical synthesis of carbon nanotube-supported bimetallic Pt–Rh nanoparticles for room temperature hydrogenation of arenes

Bimetallic Pt–Rh nanoparticles can be deposited uniformly on surfaces of carboxylate functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) using a simple one-step sonochemical method. The bimetallic nanoparticle catalyst exhibits a strong synergistic effect relative to the individual Pt or Rh metal nanoparticles for catalytic hydrogenation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), neat benzene and alkylbenzenes. Complete ring saturation of PAHs can be achieved using the bimetallic Pt–Rh/MWNTs catalyst at room temperature. This one-step synthesis technique provides a simple and rapid way of making highly active and recyclable CNT-supported monometallic and bimetallic nanocatalysts for low temperature hydrogenation reactions.
Metabolic basis of benzene toxicity

Potential metabolic mechanisms underlying the haemopoietic toxicity of benzene include bioactivation of phenolic metabolites of benzene by peroxidases in bone marrow and ring opening reactions to generate muconate derivatives. Peroxidase-mediated activation of phenolic metabolites of benzene generates reactive quinones which can be detoxified by NAD(P)H:quinone acceptor oxidoreductase (NQO1). The major peroxidase enzyme in bone marrow is myeloperoxidase (MPO) and potential target cells for phenolic metabolites of benzene were characterized in bone marrow stroma on the basis of high MPO:NQO1 ratios. MPO was found to be expressed at the level of myeloid progenitor cells in both murine (lineage negative cells) and human (CD34+ cells) systems. This suggests that progenitor cells may be relevant targets of phenolic metabolites of benzene resulting in aberrant haemopoiesis. A polymorphism in NQO1 is also described which leads to a complete lack of NQO1 activity. The toxicological significance of this polymorphism with respect to benzene toxicity is under investigation.
J dependence of the isotope shift in the ground term of dysprosium i

High-resolution laser-atomic-beam measurements have been made to study the J dependence in the optical isotope shift of the ground term 4f/10 6s2 5I of the naturally occurring dysprosium isotopes 160, 161, 162, 163, and 164. For each isotope pair with mass numbers A and A′, this J dependence is described through one parameter z4fAA′, whose angular coefficient for a level is equal to that of the spin-orbit radial integral ζ4f. The J dependence can be explained by field-shift-crossed second-order effects.
Off-forward quark-quark correlation function

The properties of the nonforward quark-quark correlation function are examined. We derive constraints on the correlation function from the transformation properties of the fundamental fields of QCD occurring in its definition. We further develop a method to construct an Ansatz for this correlator. We present the complete leading order set of generalized parton distributions in terms of the amplitudes of the Ansatz. Finally we conclude that the number of independent generalized parton helicity changing distributions is four.
Christopher Nobbs's Economics, sustainability, and democracy: economics in the era of climate change. New York: Routledge, 2013, 280 pp.

This book advances a threefold argument. First, it claims that what the author calls the “libertarian” approach to economics, which flourished in the last part of the 20th century, is “practically and ethically inadequate for the needs of the 21st century”. Second, it asserts that although the welfarist economics approach that preceded it has some merits, it has “serious limitations” too. Third, it advances the alternative ideal of “an overarching economics based on ecological principles” (p. xx). This alternative, the author claims, offers an appropriate response to the challenges of the 21st century. In brief, the book is a presentation and criticism of established theories and doctrines, combined with an attempt to sketch the contours of an alternative to them. Given these objectives, the book has to cover a wide range of literatures, from microeconomics and macroeconomics to institutional economics, and from political economy to ethical (meta-) theory and cutting-edge debates in political philosophy. Its 12 chapters are organized into four parts, each dealing with a set of themes: part I is an overview and criticism of 20th century microeconomics and macroeconomics; part II discusses the relationships between economics, ethics, and ideology; part III deals with the relationships between the economy, society, and the natural world; and part IV discusses economics and the political theory of social justice, democracy, and social deliberation. The breadth of the author’s familiarity with the relevant debates and academic literatures is truly impressive. In this respect, the book is an excellent introduction to the state of an entire cluster of disciplines, themes and research programs. Excepting minor slips, the presentations and discussions manage to maintain a neutral and objective stance. (One such slip occurs in chapter 5, on economics and ideology, where the author falls in with the typical routine of identifying the usual ideological suspect, the “Chicago School”, while the
A Web services accessible database of turbulent channel flow and its use for testing a new integral wall model for LES

abstractThe output from a direct numerical simulation (DNS) of turbulent channel flow at Reτ ≈ 1000 is used to construct a publicly and Web services accessible, spatio-temporal database for this flow. The simulated channel has a size of 8πh × 2h × 3πh, where h is the channel half-height. Data are stored at 2048 × 512 × 1536 spatial grid points for a total of 4000 time samples every 5 time steps of the DNS. These cover an entire channel flow-through time, i.e. the time it takes to traverse the entire channel length 8πh at the mean velocity of the bulk flow. Users can access the database through an interface that is based on the Web services model and perform numerical experiments on the slightly over 100 terabytes (TB) DNS data on their remote platforms, such as laptops or local desktops. Additional technical details about the pressure calculation, database interpolation, and differentiation tools are provided in several appendices. As a sample application of the channel flow database, we use it to conduct...
Capacitance, charge dynamics, and electrolyte-surface interactions in functionalized carbide-derived carbon electrodes

Abstract This study analyzed the dynamics of ionic liquid electrolyte inside of defunctionalized, hydrogenated, and aminated pores of carbide-derived carbon supercapacitor electrodes. The approach tailors surface functionalities and tunes nanoporous structures to decouple the influence of pore wall composition on capacitance, ionic resistance, and long-term cyclability. Quasi-elastic neutron scattering probes the self-diffusion properties and electrode-ion interactions of electrolyte molecules confined in functionalized pores. Room-temperature ionic liquid interactions in confined pores are strongest when the hydrogen-containing groups are present on the surface. This property translates into higher capacitance and greater ion transport through pores during electrochemical cycling. Unlike hydrogenated pores, aminated pores do not favorably interact with ionic liquid ions and, subsequently, are outperformed by defunctionalized surfaces.
Solution of three-dimensional generalized Poisson equations on vector computers

Abstract We consider the solution of equations of the form ∇( K ∇u) = f . Discretization is by finite differences with variable grid spacing, and diagonal similarity transformations symmetrize the coefficient matrix. The conjugate gradient method with polynomial preconditioning based on the SSOR iteration is used in conjunction with the red/black ordering in order to give long vector lengths. Numerical results on a Cyber 205 and a CRAY-2 are given for a particular test problem, and for up to 250,000 unknowns. Timings are also given for the reduced system conjugate gradient method and these are slightly better than the best polynomial preconditioning times.
The Evolution of Policy: Congress and the Timing and Degree of Policy Change

We propose and test a governing theory of legislative organization that offers new predictions about policy change in legislatures. The theory starts with the observation that legislative agenda space is scarce. In an environment of limited capacity, a legislature that is able to establish priorities can accomplish more. Elsewhere, we have argued that governing priorities offer a more compelling explanation for why lawmakers support a standing committee system organized around issues. In this paper, we search for evidence of this commitment by testing whether governing priorities explain the timing and importance of policy changes across 27 issue areas over an 18-year time period.
Mechanism of substance P-induced hyperpolarization of porcine coronary artery endothelial cells.

Substance P (SP) is a potent endothelium-dependent vasodilator, and in porcine coronary arterioles the vasodilatory action of SP appears to be mediated entirely by nitric oxide. We tested the hypot...
Was it (or will it be) good for you? Expectations and experiences of first coitus among emerging adults

Abstract Men and women have different expectations and experiences of first coitus. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to investigate expectations and experiences of first coitus. Using a college sample, we compared first coital affective reactions of sexually experienced individuals (i.e., individuals who have engaged in first coitus) with the anticipated first coital affective reactions of sexually inexperienced individuals (i.e., individuals who have not engaged in first coitus). Results indicated that inexperienced women, in general, anticipated more negative first coital affective reactions than men. Similarly, experienced women generally reported more negative first coital affective reactions than their male counterparts. Moreover, anticipated first coital affective reactions among inexperienced individuals were found to be more positive than the reported first coital affective reactions of experienced individuals. The largest discrepancy was associated with romance such that expectations of romance were greater than experiences of romance among both men and women.
Virtual Model Control of Rotorcraft with Articulated Landing Gear for Shipboard Landing

Rotorcraft are essential to operations at sea, primarily due to their ability to perform vertical takeos and landings. However, due to the motion of the ship deck, ship landings can be dangerous for the pilot and result in damage to the helicopter. The addition of an articulated landing gear to a rotorcraft increases the number of degrees of freedom that can be used to land on a moving surface, such as a ship deck. Instead of relying solely on the rotor thrust magnitude and direction to land safely, the articulated landing gear can also be used to conform to the ship deck while maintaining a level fuselage, potentially allowing for quicker and safer landings. This paper presents a multi-body simulation tool to simulate the dynamics of a rotorcraft with robotic gear landing on a moving surface. A virtual model controller is developed to produce appropriate actuator torques. Dynamic simulation results show that an articulated, legged landing gear system can aid helicopters to landing on a moving ship deck.
Chairside fabrication of occlusal biteplane splints using visible light cured material.

(1995). Chairside Fabrication of Occlusal Biteplane Splints Using Visible Light Cured Material. CRANIO®: Vol. 13, No. 2, pp. 131-136.
Herpes simplex keratoconjunctivitis.

A 29-year-old mechanical engineer was seen in the Yale-New Haven Emergency Room with painful eyes, malaise, chills and fever. Five days prior to admission, a small quantity of turpentine had splashed into his left eye while he was wear­ ing a contact lens. The patient irrigated his left eye with water but did not see a physician until four days later, when his local physician pre­ scribed Neo-Cortef for a red, tearing, itching and burning left eye. The left eye felt better for 24 hours, then became painful, swollen and red, and the right eye felt irritated. A fever de­ veloped, malaise progressed and the patient came to the hospital. The patient had no prior similar disease. Mul­ tiple previous episodes of fever blisters had oc­ curred. ' Positive physical findings were fever of 103°F, a tender left preauricular lymph node and gen­ eralized cervical adenopathy. Several 2 to S-mm vesicles and open crusted lesions on an erythematous base were present on the nose, forehead and both eyelids. A vesicle was noted at the left angle of the mouth. Eye findings included: vision, R.E., 20/70; L.E., 20/60-2. The eyelids were swollen, lid mar­ gins were ulcerated, and the conjunctivas were edematous and injected (fig. 1). There was a clear watery discharge bilaterally. Both corneas showed nonspecific punctate epithelial staining pe­ ripherally and centrally. The remainder of the eye examination was normal. The patient was treated with Chloromycetin eyedrops for 24 hours. The next day, the eye findings were unchanged but, because of increased general malaise, he was admitted to the hospital. At this time additional pustular lesions of different ages were noted on both thighs. With a presumptive diagnosis of herpes simplex kerato­ conjunctivitis in a patient with generalized herpes, the patient was started on idoxuridine to the left eye and iodoxuridine soaks to the skin lesions of the left eyelid. The right eye was treated with Chloromycetin only. Two days after
Governmental standard drink definitions and low-risk alcohol consumption guidelines in 37 countries.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: One of the challenges of international alcohol research and policy is the variability in and lack of knowledge of how governments in different nations define a standard drink and low-risk drinking. This study gathered such information from governmental agencies in 37 countries. METHODS: A pool of 75 countries that might have definitions was created using World Health Organization (WHO) information and the authors' own judgement. Structured internet searches of relevant terms for each country were supplemented by efforts to contact government agencies directly and to consult with alcohol experts in the country. RESULTS: Most of the 75 national governments examined were not identified as having adopted a standard drink definition. Among the 37 that were so identified, the modal standard drink size was 10 g pure ethanol, but variation was wide (8-20 g). Significant variability was also evident for low-risk drinking guidelines, ranging from 10-42 g per day for women and 10-56 g per day for men to 98-140 g per week for women and 150-280 g per week for men. CONCLUSIONS: Researchers working and communicating across national boundaries should be sensitive to the substantial variability in 'standard' drink definitions and low-risk drinking guidelines. The potential impact of guidelines, both in general and in specific national cases, remains an important question for public health research.© 2016 Society for the Study of Addiction. Language: en
Further Inspection Into the Effects of Correctional Officers’ Sex, Race, and Perceptions of Safety on Job-Related Attitudes

This article examines more closely the empirical relationships between correctional officers’ job attitudes and officer demographics and perceptions of safety. Bi-level analyses from 1,740 officers...
Physical Activity and Chronic Disease Prevention

Regular activity is one of the most important contributors to wellness, quality of life, and disease prevention. Relatively modest amounts of activity can lower the risk of heart disease, stroke, diabetes, osteoporosis, dementia, and numerous cancers. Though there are immediate benefits from physical activity, the majority of prevention and health benefits accrue when it is practiced lifelong—in addition to, and often well after, participation in organized athletics.
Male and Female in the Homeric Poems

The following is an investigation of the nature of women in the Homeric poems. It is generally accepted that epic figures are typical rather than individual, idiosyncratic personalities. So it is reasonable to assume that the women of the two poems represent the general conception of female behaviour held by Homer's audience. Even if the poems represent a tradition which was a long time in the making, it remains true that what appears within the poems must have made sense somehow to Homer's contemporary audience. And that is the sense we must seek.There has been very little said about the role of women in the Homeric epics. Discussion is bound to be uneven; women are glimpsed infrequently in the Iliad, whereas they are everywhere in the Odyssey. But this in itself perhaps offers insights into the nature of the difference between the two poems. In addition an analysis of the part women play in these poems helps to explain the continual appeal of the Iliad and the Odyssey. For the poems, like all truly great pieces of literature, say things that we humans need and want to hear. As is true of other facets of the poems the female characters are extraordinarily authentic. They manifest moods and psychological states which are true to women, at least in the Western world. Moreover the poems, especially the Odyssey, show with great profundity some important truths of male-female relationships. Whether these are inherent and never-changing or it is because women's situation has not much changed through the millenia is hard to say.
The Timing of Fatherhood: What Have We Learned?

In this book, we examined a construct associated with age but one that is more than age: the social clock. This construct refers to societal expectations for the timing of major life events. These socially sanctioned normative ages can motivate adults to seek to attain a life goal. The social clock was vetted as a mechanism for understanding many facets of men’s transition to parenthood. And the transition to parenthood epitomizes a major life event. As Eggebeen and colleagues put it recently, “parenthood is permanent” and, not surprisingly, it has psychological consequences for men (Eggebeen, Knoester, & McDaniel, 2013, p. 343). And pregnancy is not for women only! Preparation for parenthood entails psychological reorganization of the self (Genesoni & Tallandini, 2009). Men experience changes in self and key domains of their lives during the prenatal period as they get ready for fatherhood.
Hedonists and husbands: piracy narratives, gender demands, and local political economic realities in Somalia

AbstractThe grand narrative of piracy has been instrumental in shaping how piracy off the coast of Somalia is understood and responded to. Self-proclaimed pirates, suspected pirates, and convicted piracy prisoners continue to tell the story of taking up arms against foreign illegal fishers to protect their personal livelihoods as well as Somalia’s natural resources. Although the grand narrative remains the most popular piracy narrative, this paper introduces and examines two newly emergent narratives of Somali piracy – the Somali women’s narrative and the piracy prisoner self-narrative. I explore how these narratives reveal a central paradox surrounding piracy and social reproduction in Somalia that, until now, has been absent from discussions about piracy narratives and the issue of Somali piracy. Whereas the grand narrative of piracy fails to address gender demands and local political economic realities in Somalia, the new narratives present piracy as a gendered experienced that is situated within the b...
Dielectrophoretic assembly of dimpled colloids into open packing structures

Reversible solid-state phase transitions between open- and close-packed structures in two-dimensional colloidal crystals comprising 1.8 μm dimpled spherical colloids were observed using negative dielectrophoresis. These asymmetrically-shaped colloids adopted lattices with cmm plane group symmetry and a packing fraction, ϕ, of 0.68 at low electric field strengths. At high electric field strengths, the close-packed p6m symmetry was observed, with ϕ = 0.90. The transition between open and close-packed structures was found to be reversible, depending on the applied electric field strength and frequency. Finite Fourier transform analysis and COMSOL simulations revealed the existence of repulsive interactions between colloids perpendicular to the electric field lines due to a concentration of the electric field at the edges of the dimpled regions of the colloids. The repulsive interactions resulted in a stretching of the hexagonal lattice perpendicular to the electric field lines, the magnitude of which depended on the electric field strength. By screening the colloids from the electric field in local potential wells, the entropically favored close-packed hexagonal lattice with ϕ = 0.91 was recovered.
The Political Becoming of Hermeneutics

In his book, The Reckless Minds: Intellectuals in Politics, Mark Lilla rehearses the familiar condemnation of Martin Heidegger for his association with the Nazi Party. For Lilla, Heidegger is just one of many contemporary intellectuals who has no business commenting on, or involving oneself in, politics: Better to avoid the political sphere altogether than run the risk of the philosophical love of wisdom degenerating into what Lilla terms a philotyranny. In contrast to Lilla, Gianni Vattimo and Santiago Zabala accomplish the nearly unthinkable task, not only taking on the mantle of Heidegger for their entirely original and sorely needed articulation of the meaning of the politics of hermeneutics, but convincingly demonstrate that a truly Heideggerian politics would be communistic, not fascist. In so doing, Vattimo and Zabala not only reinvigorate the politics of the left, but even more, they redefine and redirect philosophical hermeneutics. As such, it can be argued that Hermeneutic Communism is the first salvo in the political becoming of hermeneutics.
A textual transform of multivariate time-series for prognostics

Prognostics or early detection of incipient faults is an important industrial challenge for condition-based and preventive maintenance. Physics-based approaches to modeling fault progression are infeasible due to multiple interacting components, uncontrolled environmental factors and observability constraints. Moreover, such approaches to prognostics do not generalize to new domains. Consequently, domain-agnostic data-driven machine learning approaches to prognostics are desirable. Damage progression is a path-dependent process and explicitly modeling the temporal patterns is critical for accurate estimation of both the current damage state and its progression leading to total failure. In this paper, we present a novel data-driven approach to prognostics that employs a novel textual representation of multivariate temporal sensor observations for predicting the future health state of the monitored equipment early in its life. This representation enables us to utilize well-understood concepts from text-mining for modeling, prediction and understanding distress patterns in a domain agnostic way. The approach has been deployed and successfully tested on large scale multivariate time-series data from commercial aircraft engines. We report experiments on well-known publicly available benchmark datasets and simulation datasets. The proposed approach is shown to be superior in terms of prediction accuracy, lead time to prediction and interpretability.
Well-being and Long-term Physical Activity Participation in Midlife Adults: A Latent Class Analysis.

Background Despite the benefits of physical activity, a large majority of adults fail to get the recommended amount of regular exercise, and interventions to increase physical activity typically achieve only temporary improvements. The potential contribution of positive psychological functioning to the maintenance of physical activity has not been widely examined. Purpose To test the hypothesis that psychological well-being would increase the likelihood of sustained physical activity in adults using a person-centered approach with longitudinal data. Methods Participants (N = 2,214) were from the longitudinal Survey of Midlife Development in the United States (MIDUS). Continuous latent variables representing physical activity at three waves of MIDUS were used to partition respondents into distinct (categorical) classes based on longitudinal activity profiles. Results Latent class analyses identified three distinct physical activity profiles: sustained, consistently low, and declining activity (the normative class). Multinomial logistic regression analyses showed that the odds of membership in the sustained activity class were significantly higher for those with higher eudaimonic well-being (OR = 1.08 [1.03-1.13], p = .001), after adjustment for diverse covariates. Supplemental analyses revealed similar associations for specific subdomains of eudaimonic well-being. Conclusion This study provides evidence that greater well-being may help sustain physical activity in the long term. These results suggest that improving well-being may be a useful addition to interventions aimed at increasing long-term physical activity participation.
Conceptual Framework for Culturally Competent Care

This chapter provides an overview of the social determinants of health in global populations. It introduces a conceptual framework for culturally competent healthcare to demonstrate how social determinants impact health of vulnerable populations. The framework integrates the principles of cultural competence, human rights, social justice, and beneficence to address health inequities particularly in vulnerable populations. Culturally competent care strategies are conceptualized at the individual, organizational/institutional, and community/societal levels. Amelioration of health disparities requires transformation of care for individuals and populations through intersectoral and multilevel efforts in order to transform life conditions of people supportive of their health. The ten guidelines for culturally competent practices in nursing care are listed with corresponding examples of implementation for each guideline.
On Design Challenges of an Endpoint Flow Association Optimization Service in a Multi-Provider Wireless Heterogeneous Network

Resource allocation optimization is critical to the overall performance of wireless heterogeneous networks (HetNet). Endpoint flow association optimization tries to reach a target resource allocation outcome by only controlling the associations of data flows to abstract/concrete network interfaces at the two ends of communication sessions. An instance of this problem in a single cellular heterogeneous network is the user association optimization problem, which plans the usage of macrocells and picocells. In this paper, we focus on this problem in a multi-provider HetNet, where the component wireless networks belong to different organizations. We identify and abstract the problem, comparing with the similar systems that are under the control of a single provider. After analyzing the changes in the new context and their implications, we provide a general centralized over-the-top network service design, which does not assume controls to the underlying network infrastructure. With the problem and design in mind, we then explore the performance problem when extending the existing user association schemes in a single-provider context to the new design. Though various association schemes are proposed in the prior research under different contexts, few of them provide an in-depth evaluation to several fundamental problems that are required by the problem in single/multi-provider context, i.e. 1) the distances of the association schemes to the optimal solution under various scenarios; 2) the sources and impacts of the potential throughput estimation errors. By using relatively small scale and more controlled scenarios, this paper is the first to provide answers to the above questions, which are valuable for guiding further studies and real system designs.
A Computational Fractional Signal Derivative Method

We propose an efficient computational method to obtain the fractional derivative of a digital signal. The proposal consists of a new interpretation of the Grunwald–Letnikov differintegral operator where we have introduced a finite Cauchy convolution with the Grunwald–Letnikov dynamic kernel. The method can be applied to any signal without knowing its analytical form. In the experiments, we have compared the proposed Grunwald–Letnikov computational fractional derivative method with the Riemman–Louville fractional derivative approach for two well-known functions. The simulations exhibit similar results for both methods; however, the Grunwald–Letnikov method outperforms the other approach in execution time. Finally, we show an application of how our proposal can be useful to find the fractional relationship between two well-known biomedical signals.
RAPIDLY PROGRESSIVE AND SEVERE HIRSUTISM FROM HYPERREACTIO LUTEINALIS WITHIN A BACKGROUND OF POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME.

ABSTRACT Objective: Gestational trophoblastic disease and hyperreactio luteinalis (HL) are rare, but important, etiologies of hyperandrogenism that need to be further studied. Methods: We present a...
Sympathomimetics regulate neuromuscular junction transmission through TRPV1, P/Q- and N-type Ca2+ channels.

Abstract Increasing evidence indicates that, first, the sympathetic nervous system interacts extensively with both vasculature and skeletal muscle fibers near neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) and, second, its neurotransmitter, noradrenaline, influences myofiber molecular composition and function and motor innervation. Since sympathomimetic agents have been reported to improve NMJ transmission, we examined whether two in clinical use, salbutamol and clenbuterol, affect the motor axon terminal via extracellular Ca2+ and molecular targets, such as TRPV1 and P/Q- and N-type voltage-activated Ca2+ channels. Electrophysiological recordings in ex-vivo preparations of peroneal nerves and lumbricalis muscles from young adult mice focused on spontaneous miniature end-plate potentials and singly and repetitively evoked end-plate potentials. Adding one dose of salbutamol or clenbuterol to the nerve/muscle preparation or repeatedly administering salbutamol to a mouse for 4 weeks increased spontaneous and evoked synaptic vesicle release but induced a steep decline in EPP amplitude in response to repetitive nerve stimulation. These effects were mediated primarily by ω-agatoxin IVA-sensitive P/Q-type and secondarily by ω-conotoxin GVIA-sensitive N-type Ca2+ channels. Presynaptic arvanil-sensitive TRPV1 channels seem to regulate Ca2+ at the motor neuron terminal at rest, while putative presynaptic β-adrenergic receptors may mediate sympathomimetic and catecholamine effects on presynaptic Ca2+ channels during NMJ activation.
Automation, Journalism, and Human–Machine Communication: Rethinking Roles and Relationships of Humans and Machines in News

In this article, we argue that journalism studies, and particularly research focused on automated journalism, has much to learn from Human-Machine Communication (HMC), an emerging conceptual framew...
History of Ecology

Ernst Haeckel coined the word ‘oecology’ in 1866 for a new science, but relevant observations and ideas had already been accumulating since the ancient Greeks. The balance of nature was the first ecological idea; Carl Linnaeus expanded it beyond animals to include plants and named it Oeconomia Naturae. Specialized sciences began to emerge in the early 1800s; among the earliest was phytogeography, founded by Alexander von Humboldt. Evolutionary theories by Lamarck and Charles Darwin were relevant to ecological ideas, since Lamarck thought species evolve rather than become extinct; Darwin saw competition as a cause of extinction. The roots of the main ecological specializations – plant ecology, animal ecology, limnology, and marine ecology – emerged in the 1800s, and limnology and plant ecology became organized by the 1890s. These four specializations were developed throughout the 1900s, as were new ones – primarily population ecology and ecosystem ecology. Ecological societies and journals came to the fore in the 1900s, as did institutions and specialized schools in various universities. Biogeochemistry arose in Russia (the USSR) in the early 1900s, and the Gaia theory arose in 1972. After the Second World War, environmentalism became important in all countries, and ecologists were needed as consultants. The International Biological Program (1964–74) produced many publications on ecosystems throughout the world.
Central Limit Theorem

In previous activities you have sampled candies, rolled dice, and performed Minitab simulations to discover that while the value of a sample statistic varies from sample to sample, there is a very precise long-term pattern to that variation. In the last activity you learned how to use normal distributions to perform probability calculations. This topic brings those two ideas together through the Central Limit Theorem. This result asserts that the long-term pattern of the variation of a sample proportion is that of a normal distribution. You will examine implications and applications of this theorem in detail, focusing on how it lays the foundation for widely used techniques of statistical inference.
The History of STP’s Excellence in Teaching Awards:

The Society for the Teaching of Psychology (STP, Division 2 of the American Psychological Association) established its Excellence in Teaching Awards program in 1979.This article explores the histor...
CHAPTER 9 – Arrays

Publisher Summary This chapter describes storage of array and their sparse matrices. The mapping from the multidimensional array to the linear array is not unique; it is assumed quite arbitrarily that elements of the multidimensional array are stored in lexicographic order of their indices, for example, f111, f112, ….., f11n, f121, …., fn1 n2 n3. The part played by array bounds n1, n2,…, nt in storage mapping is one reason why most programming languages that provide subscripted variables require the actual dimensions of arrays to be declared. FORTRAN permits up to three dimensions; in Algol, the number of dimensions is unlimited, but implementers of the language must, of course, set some limit on this number. The increase in execution time because of these tests is well worth in a compiler that is used mainly for program testing. The standard higher-level languages—FORTRAN, Algol, PL/I—require all arrays to have a rectangular structure. Very often, this results in considerable waste of storage space. All nonzero elements belonging to the same row or column in the matrix are represented by adjoining nodes on a path in the digraph. The four-row representation of matrices cannot be implemented by normal means when the number of nonzero elements in a matrix.
Evaluating the Impact of Attempts to Correct Health Misinformation on Social Media: A Meta-Analysis.

Social media poses a threat to public health by facilitating the spread of misinformation. At the same time, however, social media offers a promising avenue to stem the distribution of false claims...
A variant-centric perspective on geographic patterns of human allele frequency variation

A key challenge in human genetics is to understand the geographic distribution of human genetic variation. Often genetic variation is described by showing relationships among populations or individuals, drawing inferences over many variants. Here, we introduce an alternative representation of genetic variation that reveals the relative abundance of different allele frequency patterns. This approach allows viewers to easily see several features of human genetic structure: (1) most variants are rare and geographically localized, (2) variants that are common in a single geographic region are more likely to be shared across the globe than to be private to that region, and (3) where two individuals differ, it is most often due to variants that are found globally, regardless of whether the individuals are from the same region or different regions. Our variant-centric visualization clarifies the geographic patterns of human variation and can help address misconceptions about genetic differentiation among populations.
“Children’s First Experiences in School” A Reflection for Parents and Teachers

Children are products of their environment. When the learner comes to school, they bring their environment with them. It is important that educators help the learner adjust to the school environment and make the learner feel a part of the school. Allowing the children to develop the classroom rules, accommodating, and involving parents /family in the school environment is the beginning of a collaborative teaching and learning experience. Nurturing, bonding, and scaffolding with the urban learner is pivotal for the learner to excel to their fullest potential. In addition, appreciating and respecting cultural diversity is critical in helping the children reach their optimal potential.
An Aluminum-enhanced Cloud in a C IV Absorber at z = 1.94*

In the z=1.94 C IV absorption-line system in the spectrum of quasar Q1222+228 (zem=2.04), we find two clouds that have contrasting physical conditions, although they are only at a 17 km s-1 velocity separation. In the first cloud, Si II, Si IV, and C II are detected, and Al II and Al III column density limits in conjunction with photoionization models allow us to infer that this cloud has a large Si abundance and a small Al abundance relative to a solar abundance pattern. This pattern resembles that of Galactic metal-poor halo stars, which must have formed from such high-redshift gas. The second cloud, in contrast, has detected Al II and Al III (also Si IV and C II) but no detected Si II. We demonstrate, using photoionization models, that Al/Si must be greater than (Al/Si)☉ in this unusual cloud. Such a ratio is not found in absorption profiles looking through Milky Way gas. It cannot be explained by dust depletion since Al depletes more severely than Si. Comparing this cloud with other Al-rich environments, we speculate about the processes and conditions that could give rise to this abundance pattern.
Use of Post-Acute Care Services and Readmissions After Acute Myocardial Infarction Complicated by Cardiac Arrest and Cardiogenic Shock.

Abstract Objective To evaluate post–acute care utilization and readmissions after cardiac arrest (CA) and cardiogenic shock (CS) complicating acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods With use of an administrative claims database, AMI patients from January 1, 2010, to May 31, 2018, were stratified into CA+CS, CA only, CS only, and AMI alone. Outcomes included 90-day post–acute care (inpatient rehabilitation or skilled nursing facility) utilization and 1-year emergency department visits and readmissions. Results Of 163,071 AMI patients, CA+CS, CA only, and CS only were noted in 3965 (2.4%), 8221 (5.0%), and 6559 (4.0%), respectively. In-hospital mortality was noted in 10,686 (6.6%) patients: CA+CS, 1935 (48.8%); CA only, 2948 (35.9%); CS only, 1578 (24.1%); and AMI alone, 4225 (2.9%) (P Conclusion CA is associated with increased post–acute care use, whereas CS is associated with increased readmission risk in AMI survivors.
Quadriceps Strength After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Compared With Uninjured Matched Controls: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Background:The limb symmetry index may overestimate the recovery of quadriceps muscle strength after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Comparison of individuals who have had anterior cruci...
Using generalized additive models to analyze biomedical non-linear longitudinal data

1In biomedical research, the outcome of longitudinal studies has been traditionally analyzed using the repeated measures analysis of variance (rm-ANOVA) or more recently, linear mixed models (LMEMs). Although LMEMs are less restrictive than rm-ANOVA in terms of correlation and missing observations, both methodologies share an assumption of linearity in the measured response, which results in biased estimates and unreliable inference when they are used to analyze data where the trends are non-linear, which is a common occurrence in biomedical research. In contrast, generalized additive models (GAMs) relax the linearity assumption, and allow the data to determine the fit of the model while permitting missing observations and different correlation structures. Therefore, GAMs present an excellent choice to analyze non-linear longitudinal data in the context of biomedical research. This paper summarizes the limitations of rm-ANOVA and LMEMs and uses simulated data to visually show how both methods produce biased estimates when used on non-linear data. We also present the basic theory of GAMs, and using trends of oxygen saturation in tumors reported in the biomedical literature, we simulate example longitudinal data (2 treatment groups, 10 subjects per group, 5 repeated measures for each group) to demonstrate how these models can be computationally implemented. We show that GAMs are able to produce estimates that are consistent with the trends of biomedical non-linear data even in the case when missing observations exist (with 40% of the simulated observations missing), allowing reliable inference from the data. To make this work reproducible, the code and data used in this paper are available at: https://github.com/aimundo/GAMs-biomedical-research.
YY1 imprint status and role in ovarian carcinogenesis

1572 Purpose. YIN-YANG 1 (YY1) encodes a zinc finger protein that exhibits diverse effects on cell function through its ability to both positively and negatively influence transcription of many other genes. YY1 is located ∼0.5 Mb centromeric to the imprinted cluster on human 14q32.2 but its imprint status has not been determined in humans. Our previous microarray analysis of advanced stage serous epithelial ovarian cancers indicated that YY1 is one of the most differentially expressed genes between short term (less then 3y) and long term (more than 7y) survivors, with elevated YY1 expression in the long term survivors (p = 0.00003; Clin. Cancer Res. 2005, 11:3686-3696). The purpose of this study was to determine whether YY1 is subject to genomic imprinting, whether it is deregulated by hypermethylation in epithelial ovarian cancers, and the potential role of YY1 in ovarian cancer cell growth. Procedures. Allelic expression of YY1 was determined by nucleotide sequencing of cDNA from heterozygous individuals. The methylation status of the YY1 promoter was analyzed using MS-PCR and bisulfite sequencing. Transient transfection of siRNA oligos was performed in quadruplicate to suppress YY1 expression in ovarian cell lines and was verified using quantitative real time RT-PCR. The effect of YY1 knockdown was measured using assays for cell proliferation and anchorage-independent growth. Results. Of 12 heterozygous tumor specimens, 11 exhibited biallelic expression of YY1 cDNA. YY1 was also expressed from both parental alleles in a panel of eight human fetal tissues. The YY1 promoter CpG island was unmethylated in 24 normal lymphocyte samples and 87 ovarian tumors, including 24 short term and 21 long term survivors. siRNA-mediated suppression of YY1 resulted in a 13% and 29% reduction in cell proliferation in the ovarian cancer cell lines, HEY (p = 0.02) and HEYA8 (p = 0.006), respectively, as compared to controls which received a non-silencing siRNA oligo. We also observed a substantial inhibition in anchorage independent growth, with HEY and HEYA8 cell lines exhibiting a 72% and 88% reduction in colony number, respectively. Conclusions. Our results indicate that YY1 is not imprinted in humans. Monoallelic YY1 expression observed in one cancer specimen may reflect loss of heterozygosity, since this region of 14q is a known target of LOH in ovarian cancers. Decreased YY1 expression in short term survivors is not due to promoter hypermethylation. The outcome of siRNA-mediated knockdown of YY1 in ovarian cancer cell lines suggests that YY1 is contributing to their oncogenic phenotype. Together, our results show that YY1 has an important role in ovarian carcinogenesis but further work will be required to delineate its apparently divergent functions in vitro and in vivo.