cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Merkel Cell Tumor of the Hand: Report of Two Cases

Merkel cell carcinoma is a rare cutaneous neuroendocrine neoplasm. Often located on the head and neck, reports of Merkel cell carcinoma in the hand are extremely limited. In this article, we review 2 cases of Merkel cell carcinoma of a digit treated with ray resection and sentinel lymph node dissection with greater than 5 years of follow-up.
Charge Hopping in DNA

The efficiency of charge migration through stacked Watson-Crick base pairs is analyzed for coherent hole motion interrupted by localization on guanine (G) bases. Our analysis rests on recent experiments, which demonstrate the competition of hole hopping transitions between nearest neighbor G bases and a chemical reaction of the cation G(+) with water. In addition, it has been assumed that the presence of units with several adjacent stacked G bases on the same strand leads to the additional vibronic relaxation process (G(+)G...G) --> (GG...G)(+). The latter may also compete with the hole transfer from (G(+)G...G) to a single G site, depending on the relative positions of energy levels for G(+) and (G(+)G...G). A hopping model is proposed to take the competition of these three rate steps into account. It is shown that the model includes two important limits. One corresponds to the situation where the charge relaxation inside a multiple guanine unit is faster than hopping. In this case hopping is terminated by several adjacent G bases located on the same strand, as has been observed for the GGG triple. In the opposite, slow relaxation limit the GG...G unit allows a hole to migrate further in accord with experiments on strand cleavage exploiting GG pairs. We demonstrate that for base pair sequences with only the GGG triple, the fast relaxation limit of our model yields practically the same sequence- and distance dependencies as measurements, without invoking adjustable parameters. For sequences with a certain number of repeating adenine:thymine pairs between neighboring G bases, our analysis predicts that the hole transfer efficiency varies in inverse proportion to the sequence length for short sequences, with change to slow exponential decay for longer sequences. Calculations performed within the slow relaxation limit enable us to specify parameters that provide a reasonable fit of our numerical results to the hole migration efficiency deduced from experiments with sequences containing GG pairs. The relation of the results obtained to other theoretical and experimental studies of charge transfer in DNA is discussed. We propose experiments to gain a deeper insight into complicated kinetics of charge-transfer hopping in DNA.
Potential role of Atlantic Warm Pool-induced freshwater forcing in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation: ocean–sea ice model simulations

Recent studies have indicated that the multidecadal variations of the Atlantic Warm Pool (AWP) can induce a significant freshwater change in the tropical North Atlantic Ocean. In this paper, the potential effect of the AWP-induced freshwater flux on the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) is studied by performing a series of ocean–sea ice model experiments. Our model experiments demonstrate that ocean response to the anomalous AWP-induced freshwater flux is primarily dominated by the basin-scale gyre circulation adjustments with a time scale of about two decades. The positive (negative) freshwater anomaly leads to an anticyclonic (cyclonic) circulation overlapping the subtropical gyre. This strengthens (weakens) the Gulf Stream and the recirculation in the interior ocean, thus increases warm (cold) water advection to the north and decreases cold (warm) water advection to the south, producing an upper ocean temperature dipole in the midlatitude. As the freshwater (salty water) is advected to the North Atlantic deep convection region, the AMOC and its associated northward heat transport gradually decreases (increases), which in turn lead to an inter-hemispheric SST seesaw. In the equilibrium state, a comma-shaped SST anomaly pattern develops in the extratropical region, with the largest amplitude over the subpolar region and an extension along the east side of the basin and into the subtropical North Atlantic. Based on our model experiments, we argue that the multidecadal AWP-induced freshwater flux can affect the AMOC, which plays a negative feedback role that acts to recover the AMOC after it is weakened or strengthened. The sensitivity of AMOC response to the AWP-induced freshwater forcing amplitude is also examined and discussed.
Preschoolers’ Perceptions of Gender Appropriate Toys and their Parents’ Beliefs About Genderized Behaviors: Miscommunication, Mixed Messages, or Hidden Truths?

Young children construct understandings of gender during the preschool years. They accurately apply common gender stereotypes to toys by the time they are three and readily predict their parents’ opinions about gender-typical and cross-gender play. This study involved 3- and 5-year-old children in identifying “girl toys” and “boy toys”. It also asked them to predict their parents’ reactions to their choices of gender-specific toys. These children’s parents were surveyed in an effort to describe their preferences about gender-specific toys and behaviors. Responses indicated that, in spite of evidence that many of these parents reject common gender stereotypes, their children predicted parents would consistently apply these stereotypes as reflected by their approval or disapproval of children’s choices to play with gender stereotyped or cross-gender toys. The mis-match between parents’ self-described beliefs and children’s perceptions of the messages they have received about genderized play are discussed.
Benchmarks and indexing: A behavioural perspective

The psychology of risk explains a great deal about the manner in which all types of investors, from individuals to plan sponsors, structure portfolios. In this paper, I draw on core ideas in behavioural decision making to explain the psychology that underlies the use of benchmarks in evaluating and selecting portfolios. The reasons for the influence on portfolio choice of a combination of emotional and cognitive factors are discussed.
Epilepsy and seizure occurrence in a population-based sample of Virginian twins and their families

Abstract Epilepsy and seizure occurrence was assessed in a large, population-based sample of Virginian twins and their families. Medical history information on twins and their relatives was collected by questionnaire and used to estimate prevalence of seizures and epilepsy for this sample. Health history information was available on 16,634 twins and their families. Lifetime prevalence of a history of seizures ranged from 35 years of age. In the first age category of twins, significant differences were observed for the following seizure types; epilepsy (0.30 and 0.13, p p p p
The Development of Infants' Perception of Object Movement Along Inclines

Abstract Three experiments investigated 10- and 16-month-old infants' perceptions of events involving a computer-generated ball rolling up or down an incline. Experiment 1 demonstrated that infants do not have a priori preferences for either impossible or possible events. In Experiments 2 and 3, infants were habituated to either a possible or an impossible event and then shown three novel events that involved changes in individual features that may or may not correspond to changes in possibility. Ten-month-old infants responded to changes in individual features when habituated to downward movement and did not discriminate among any changes when habituated to upward movement. Sixteen-month-old infants responded to possibility changes that were accompanied by a change in direction when habituated to downward movement, and responded to changes in individual features when habituated to upward movement. These findings are discussed in terms of a framework by which infants first attend to individual features in events and later respond on basis of the combination of those features.
Torque ripple minimization for variable reluctance motors

Abstract The design of current waveforms that minimize torque ripples in variable reluctance (VR) motors is addressed. The general problem of torque ripple reduction has been investigated by several researchers using various nonlinear models. The results have been design methods that require exhaustive measurements of motor characteristics. The approach presented here assumes magnetic linearity to derive an efficient ripple-reducing excitation that is much easier to calculate. A nonlinear optimal design problem is developed and then converted to a linear representation by a simple transformation. The transformed linear optimization problem is straightforwardly solved by standard numerical methods, and yields the optimal current waveform characteristics in the new variable. Finally, the optimal current waveform is found by applying an inverse transformation. The analytical result presented in this paper is supplemented by a design example that also addresses the performance tradeoff resulting from ignoring magnetic saturation to achieve simplifications in design.
Modal representation of geometrically nonlinear behavior by the finite element method

Abstract A method is described for representing mild geometrically nonlinear static behavior of thin-type structures, within the finite element method, in terms of the solution of a certain eigenvalue problem. This eigenvalue problem, commonly known as the linear or bifurcation buckling problem for a restricted class of so-called “perfect” structural situations, is thus seen to have a broader significance. The applied loading nonlinearly amplifies the contributions of each mode (eigenvector) present in the linear finite dement solution, and the amplification factors are easily computable functions of the eigenvalues. Computational results for braced frames and arches under asymmetric loading are presented.
A note on the proof of a theorem of Katz

Let f"[email protected]?F"q[X"1,...,X"n] be polynomials of degree d"i, 1==...>=d"r>=1. Denote the set of zeros of f"i in F"q^n by Z(f"i). Katz proved that q^@?^n^-^d^"^1^-^...^-^d^"^r^d^"^1^@? divides |Z(f"1)@[email protected]?Z(f"r)|. A more elementary proof of this result was given by Wan. We found a new and much simpler proof of this result.
Prism concept, modular LMR reactors

Abstract The Power Reactor Inherently Safe Module (PRISM) is a sodium cooled breeder reactor, conceived by the General Electric Company, which incorporates a number of innovative features with the objective of simultaneously achieving favorable power plant safety and economics. The most important of the innovative features are inherently safe reactor behavior, passive decay heat removal, and small, factory fabricated reactor and equipment modules. The inherently safe reactor behavior is achieved through strong negative reactivity feedbacks and passive, natural circulation decay heat removal. The reactor modules are installed below ground and rest on seismic isolators to mitigate the effects of earthquakes. The standard PRISM power block utilizes three reactor modules supplying steam to a single 415 MWe turbine-generator.
Effect of treatment with exogenous interferon, polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid, or polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid-poly-L-lysine complex on Herpesvirus hominis infections in mice.

The effect of treatment with exogenous interferon was compared with those of two interferon inducers, polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid [poly(I) . poly(C)] and poly(I) . poly(C)-poly-L-lysine complex [poly(ICLC)], in three model Herpesvirus hominis type 2 infections of mice. After intraperitoneal inoculation of H. hominis type 2, all drugs significantly protected animals against death and increased the mean day of death when administered as late as 48 hr after viral inoculation. With intranasal inoculation of H. hominis type 2, pretreatment with poly (I) . poly (C) and poly (ICLC) increased the mean day of death; however, no drug prevented death. In mice inoculated intravaginally, local treatment with exogenous interferon or poly(I) . poly(C) appeared to reduce the mean titers of virus in genital secretions and resulted in earlier clearance of infection in some animals. Systemic treatment of genital H. hominis type 2 infections with all drugs resulted in significant numbers of infected animals surviving the infection, although the mean titers of virus in genital secretions were unchanged. Therapeutic efficacy varied depending on the route of viral inoculation.
SU-E-J-94: Assessment of Dose Accumulation with Different Deformable Image Registration Algorithms for Image-Guided Radiotherapy of Head and Neck Cancer

Purpose: Many automated Deformable Image Registration (DIR) validation methods are based on comparisons of deformed and observer contours. However, contour‐based comparisons are not sufficient to assess the dosimetric accuracy of a DIR algorithm. There is also potential for large dosimetric discrepancy when DVH accumulation is performed with different DIR algorithms. In this work, we compare the accumulated doses obtained with two different DIR algorithms in Head and Neck (H&N) cancer. Methods: Eight H&N patients who had weekly FBCT scans were included. Small Deformation Inverse‐Consistent Linear Elastic (SICLE) registration was used was used to estimate the displacement vector fields (DVFs) that simultaneously matched the CT intensity from the source (planning CT) image to weekly FBCT (target) images. In addition to intensity‐based matching (SICLE_I), contour‐based (SICLE_C) and intensity plus contour‐based (SICLE_I+C) matching was also performed. GTV, parotids, larynx and esophagus were used to drive SICLE_C registrations. The SICLE registrations were also compared to ITK Diffeomorphic Demons (ITKDD) registration algorithm. Finally, the accumulated dose was calculated for both adaptive and non‐adaptive scenarios and evaluated using dose‐volume constraints. Results: For non‐adaptive scenario, there was hardly any difference in the accumulated dose for target coverage using SICLE_I, SICLEC, SICLEI+C and ITKDD. Using adaptive replanning, however, PTV1 D98 improved by 1.5% using SICLEI+C. The maximum accumulated dose to the brainstem (D2) was also reduced by 12% by adaptive. On the average, the left parotid D50 also decreased by 32% using adaptive replanning. The maximum dose to the cord did not have a significant change using adaptive replanning‐based dose accumulation using all DIR algorithms. Conclusion: Intensity driven DIR algorithms used in this work produced fairly similar accumulated dose results in H&N cases. Overall, the dose accumulation based on adaptive replanning and utilizing intensity + contour driven registration resulted in better target coverage and critical structure sparing.
RELATION BETWEEN ORGAN WEIGHTS AND OBSCURE LESIONS IN APPARENTLY NORMAL RABBITS : SECOND PAPER.

A study of organ weights was made on a group of 295 normal rabbits for the purpose of determining whether any relation could be detected between the weights of organs and the extent and activity of the lesions found post mortem. The results obtained seemed to indicate that disease, even in its mildest form, is capable of affecting the weights of organs that are not directly involved by the disease process and that the effect produced bears a relation to both the extent and the activity of the lesions present. There was also some evidence that the converse might be true; namely, that the occurrence and subsequent course of disease may be influenced in some measure by the state of organ balance and the ability of the animal organism to adjust itself to meet the demands of disease-producing agencies.
Fluorescence Quenching Studies of Near-Infrared Fluorophores

Near-infrared laser dyes were studied with the use of conventional fluorescence quenching. A systematic study of the effects of different quenchers and temperature on the fluorescence of near-infrared fluorophores is presented. Differences in the quenching of near-infrared fluorophores were observed for quenching by ionic quenchers. Quenching with ionic and nonionic quenchers led to nonlinear quenching results.
Parallel gene synthesis in a microfluidic device.

The ability to synthesize custom de novo DNA constructs rapidly, accurately and inexpensively is highly desired by researchers, as synthetic genes and longer DNA constructs are enabling to numerous powerful applications in both traditional molecular biology and the emerging field of synthetic biology. However, the current cost of de novo synthesis—driven largely by reagent and handling costs—is a significant barrier to the widespread availability of such technology. In this work, we demonstrate, to our knowledge, the first gene synthesis in a microfluidic environment. The use of microfluidic technology greatly reduces reaction volumes and the corresponding reagent and handling costs. Additionally, microfluidic technology enables large numbers of complex reactions to be performed in parallel. Here, we report the fabrication of a multi-chamber microfluidic device and its use in carrying out the syntheses of several DNA constructs. Genes up to 1kb in length were synthesized in parallel at minute starting oligonucleotide concentrations (10–25nM) in four 500nl reactors. Such volumes are one to two orders of magnitude lower than those utilized in conventional gene synthesis. The identity of all target genes was verified by sequencing, and the resultant error rate was determined to be 1 per 560 bases.
Suicide risk among correctional officers: A logistic regression analysis

Research on suicide in correctional facilities has focused on inmates to the neglect of correctional officers. Research on factors such as stress, burnout, and work dissatisfaction has often found high levels of these problems among guards. The present study analyses data from 21 states to ascertain whether guards are at risk of suicide. The results of a multivariate logistic regression analysis indicate that the risk of suicide among guards in 39% higher than that of the rest of the working age population.
Syphilitic Posterior Uveitis: Correlative Findings and Significance

Twenty-one patients with syphilitic posterior uveitis were investigated retrospectively to study the disease spectrum, associations with neurosyphilis, and therapeutic implications. Ophthalmologic manifestations of syphilitic posterior uveitis are differentiated into acute and chronic uveitides. The several distinct acute uveitic syndromes are usually florid and are associated with early syphilis, with VDRL-positive syphilitic meningitis, and frequently with human immunodeficiency virus coinfection. The chronic posterior uveitides are often insidious, a manifestation of late syphilis, and associated commonly with subclinical neurosyphilis. All patients with acute cases and 54% of patients with chronic cases in our study received penicillin therapy appropriate for neurosyphilis. The frequent association of syphilitic posterior uveitis with neurosyphilis and the analogous spirochetal sequestration beyond the blood-brain and the blood-ocular barriers suggest that all patients with syphilitic posterior uveitis, irrespective of ocular disease intensity, should undergo evaluation of cerebrospinal fluid and be treated with penicillin regimens appropriate for neurosyphilis.
Some reflections on positive results from medication control tests in the USA

Summary This article describes 3 of the drugs responsible for positive tests in American racing in recent years: fentanyl, apomorphine and reserpine. Experimental work is described in which the effect of administration was measured objectively against step counting; other aspects of locomotor stimulation and clinical responses are discussed. The supposed tonic effects of “pangamic acid” are considered and attention is drawn to the view of the US Food and Drug Administration that the substance does not exist.
Production of Citrinin by Penicillium viridicatum on Country-Cured Ham

Seven strains of Penicillium viridicatum isolated from country-cured ham produced citrinin in potato dextrose broth and on country-cured ham. None of the strains produced detectable amounts of citrinin at 10 C. The optimal temperature range for citrinin production was 25 to 30 C.
Equipping Undergraduates for the Graduate School Process

The objective of this paper is to document a successful seminar series developed and used at Purdue University which educates undergraduates about graduate school and equips them to successfully move through the application and financial aid processes. The seminars are designed for all engineering disciplines. The series consists of four seminars given during a two-week period every fall and spring semester. The four seminars are “Graduate Study in Engineering: To Go or Not to Go, That is the Question,” “Helping Engineers Prepare for the General Graduate Record Exam (GRE),” “Approach and Helpful Hints on the GRE Engineering Exam,” and “Strategies for Applying to National Fellowship Programs.” The semester attendance for the four seminars collectively ranges from 150 to 250 students per semester. Data from student evaluations indicate that student knowledge about the graduate school process increases between 66%-164% for the four seminars. An alternative format for a single seminar highlighting all four topics has also been implemented.
Recent Studies in James Shirley

AbstractThis essay surveys scholarship on James Shirley from 1970 through 2006. Critical interest during this period turned from Shirley's construction of unified dramas to his engagement as a Caroline professional playwright sympathetic to the royal court yet willing to criticize it subtly through his works, including the much discussed masque The Triumph of Peace. Few substantial studies have been devoted solely to Shirley, and essays often invoke his plays among examples by his peers. Nevertheless, brief but groundbreaking analyses of his artful plot construction, treatment of the female actor, staging of lesbian desire, and engagement in the political debates of the 1630s have raised the profiles of The Lady of Pleasure, The Bird in a Cage, Hyde Park, and The Cardinal. (K.H.N.)
Interactions of a liquid crystalline polymer with polycarbonate and poly(ethylene terephthalate)

Thermal behaviour of blends of a liquid crystalline copoly(ester amide) (Vectra B950) with two isotropic polymers has been studied by differential scanning calorimetry. One of the isotropic polymers is an amorphous polymer – polycarbonate, the other is a semi-crystalline polymer – poly(ethylene terephthalate). It was found that the glass transition temperature of polycarbonate decreases with increasing Vectra concentration in the blend, suggesting a partial miscibility between the Vectra liquid crystalline polymer (LCP) and polycarbonate. The miscibility is enhanced through heat treatment at elevated temperatures presumably due to a transesterification reaction. Moreover, the presence of the amorphous poly- carbonate hinders the crystallization of the liquid crystalline polymer in the blends. It was also observed that heat treatment of the Vectra LCP and poly(ethylene terephthalate) blends causes a loss in crystallinity and shifts in transition temperatures of poly(ethylene terephthalate), indicating that exchange reactions occur between Vectra B950 and poly(ethylene terephthalate). Based on these results, a new strategy, in situ compatibilization, is proposed to improve the interfacial adhesion between an LCP and an isotropic polymer.
Beyond Echoplaylia: Promoting Language in Children with Autism

The article was written to support the use of play as a medium to extend and enrich the communicative exchanges and, more specifically, the symbolic language of children on the autistic spectrum. The first argument in support of such use of play lies within the features of autistic communication, and particularly the extreme challenges encountered in imaginative play and narrative thought. The second argument on behalf of play lies within the selection of specific intervention strategies, which are discussed subsequently. Finally, the article presents a case illustration of how adult facilitated dramatic peer play led to a breakthrough in a range of symbolic behaviours in a 9-year-old girl with autism, who up to that point had not progressed beyond a semi-communicative use of echolalia, best described as 'situation association'.
Optical measurement of cell-to-cell coupling in intact heart using subthreshold electrical stimulation.

Electrical coupling between myocytes plays a critical role in propagation, repolarization, and arrhythmias. On the basis of predictions from cable theory, we hypothesized that the cardiac space con...
Studies on the mechanism of action of ionizing radiations. XI. Inactivation of yeast alcohol dehydrogenase by x-irradiation.

Abstract Crystalline yeast alcohol dehydrogenase was readily inactivated on x-irradiation of dilute aqueous solutions. The degree of inactivation was proportional to the x-ray dose, and the ionic yield was 1.1. The enzyme was completely protected from x-ray inactivation by the addition of glutathione, whereas glutamic acid had no effect at all. Glutathione, added after x-irradiation, produced only partial reactivation. Hydrogen peroxide, at concentrations produced on x-irradiation of water with x-ray doses 200 times higher than the dose required for complete inactivation, had no effect at all. Inhibition by x-rays is attributed to oxidation of —SH groups of the protein by the free radicals OH and O 2 H formed on x-irradiation of water.
Correlated Morphological, Ecological, and Behavioral Aspects of the Microhabitat Associations in Geolycosa Wolf Spiders of Florida (Araneae, Lycosidae)

Abstract Species of Geolycosa (burrowing wolf spider) found in the eastern USA exhibit one of two species-specific microhabitat associations with associated burrow architectures: “turricolous” species burrow in areas covered in leaf litter and construct a distinct turret of silk and debris at the burrow mouth, while “aturricolous” species locate their burrows in more barren areas and do not construct a turret. Our research goal was to document the relationship between spider coloration, burrow-site selection, and burrow-construction behaviors in five Geolycosa species in Florida (G. micanopy, G. hubbelli, G. xera, G. patellonigra, and G. escambiensis). Discriminant analysis of morphological data supports our contention that each ecomorph has a distinct pattern of pigmentation, with the barren-substrata species being paler. Field studies of species pairs at three sites in Florida (Archbold Biological Station, Ocala National Forest, and the Panhandle) documented the species-specific association with one of ...
Sulfur processing in the marine atmospheric boundary layer: A review and critical assessment of modeling uncertainties

Abstract Sulfur is an extremely motile and vital element in the Earth's biogeochemical environment, one whose active redox chemistry maintains small reservoirs in the atmosphere and biosphere yet large fluxes through both. Essential for life, intimately linked to the climate state, and an important component of air quality, sulfur and its transport and processing in the atmosphere have been the subject of active research for several decades. This review article describes the current state of our understanding of the atmospheric sulfur cycle, focusing on the marine atmospheric boundary layer, with the aim of identifying the largest roots of uncertainty that most inhibit accurate simulation of sulfur cycling in the atmosphere. An overview of the emissions by phytoplankton and shipping, dispersion and entrainment in the marine boundary layer, and chemical processing by aerosols, clouds, and dry deposition is presented. Analysis of 20 contemporary modeling studies suggests that the greatest ambiguity in global sulfur cycling derives from (in descending order) wet deposition of aerosol sulfate, dry deposition of sulfur dioxide to the Earth's surface, and the heterogeneous oxidation of SO2 in aerosols and clouds.
Evaluating Student and Faculty Outcomes for a Real-World Capstone Project with Sustainability Considerations

The purpose of this study was to determine how a real-world, sustainability-focused engineering capstone course affected students' critical thinking skills, student knowledge of sustainability, and student and faculty workloads. The research also investigated the effectiveness of a classwide jigsaw team approach. A combination of qualitative and quantitative assessment tools, including surveys, journals, interviews, and timecards, was employed to investigate the research questions. Results revealed that a real-world project with a focus on sustainability positively impacted students' critical thinking skills and led to increased knowledge of sustainability, but it also correlated with a high workload for students and faculty. Additionally, the jigsaw organization structure proved successful and yielded a positive team- building experience for the students. These results suggest open-ended problems with real project constraints can yield a uniquely beneficial learning experience without sacrificing the quality of student design or project deliverables. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)EI.1943-5541.0000141. © 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers. CE Database subject headings: Sustainable development; Students; Engineering education; Undergraduate study. Author keywords: Capstone; Sustainability; Real-world project; Critical thinking; Integrative thinking; Student workload; Faculty workload; Jigsaw team; Community-based project; Undergraduate engineering education.
Parallel computing and its impact on computational electromagnetics

It is noted that massively parallel, distributed memory computers will provide the increases in computing performance needed to solve the largest problems in computational electromagnetics. The authors describe such a system, covering its architecture, performance, and programming in relation to a model problem drawn from low-frequency magnetics. The results from this model problem are used to estimate the computing power required in different areas of computational electromagnetics. Finally, the issue of ease of programming, including software issues such as parallel libraries, is discussed. >
Walnuts Consumed by Healthy Adults Provide Less Available Energy than Predicted by the Atwater Factors

BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that the metabolizable energy (ME) content (energy available to the body) of certain nuts is less than predicted by the Atwater factors. However, very few nuts have been investigated to date, and no information is available regarding the ME of walnuts. OBJECTIVE A study was conducted to determine the ME of walnuts when consumed as part of a typical American diet. METHODS Healthy adults (n = 18; mean age = 53.1 y; body mass index = 28.8 kg/m(2)) participated in a randomized crossover study with 2 treatment periods (3 wk each). The study was a fully controlled dietary feeding intervention in which the same base diet was consumed during each treatment period; the base diet was unsupplemented during one feeding period and supplemented with 42 g walnuts/d during the other feeding period. Base diet foods were reduced in equal proportions during the walnut period to achieve isocaloric food intake during the 2 periods. After a 9 d diet acclimation period, subjects collected all urine and feces for ∼1 wk (as marked by a Brilliant Blue fecal collection marker) for analysis of energy content. Administered diets, walnuts, and fecal and urine samples were subjected to bomb calorimetry, and the resulting data were used to calculate the ME of the walnuts. RESULTS One 28-g serving of walnuts contained 146 kcal (5.22 kcal/g), 39 kcal/serving less than the calculated value of 185 kcal/serving (6.61 kcal/g). The ME of the walnuts was 21% less than that predicted by the Atwater factors (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION Consistent with other tree nuts, Atwater factors overestimate the metabolizable energy value of walnuts. These results could help explain the observations that consumers of nuts do not gain excessive weight and could improve the accuracy of food labeling. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01832909.
Fat Pedicle Isolation During Transconjunctival Lower Blepharoplasty with Fat Repositioning: “The Inverse Shoe Shine Sign”

One of the potential serious complications of fat repositioning lower blepharoplasty is diplopia resulting from restrictive strabismus. The inverse shoe shine sign (ISSS) is the free movement of the nasal and central eyelid fat pads below the inferior oblique muscle when the fat pads are grasped and pulled sequentially in opposite directions. It is possible because the nasal and central fat pads of the lower lid are a continuous curtain of fat which ride under the oblique muscle. The maneuver assures that there are no native fat pad connections to inferior oblique muscle.
Randomized subspace learning approach for high dimensional low rank plus sparse matrix decomposition

In this paper, a randomized algorithm for high dimensional low rank plus sparse matrix decomposition is proposed. Existing decomposition methods are not scalable to big data since they rely on using the whole data to extract the low-rank/sparse components, and are based on an optimization problem whose dimensionality is equal to the dimension of the given data. We reformulate the low rank plus sparse matrix decomposition problem as a column-row subspace learning problem. It is shown that when the column/row subspace of the low rank matrix is incoherent with the standard basis, the column/row subspace can be obtained from a small random subset of the columns/rows of the given data matrix. Thus, the high dimensional matrix decomposition problem is converted to a subspace learning problem, which is a low-dimensional optimization problem, and the proposed method uses a small random subset of the data rather than the whole big data matrix. In the provided analysis, it is shown that the sufficient number of randomly sampled columns/rows scales linearly with the rank and the coherency parameter of the low rank component.
39-Year-Old Man With Dysphagia.

39-year-old manwithnonotablemedical history presented for evaluation of dysphagia. He reported a several-year history of intermittent but progressive difficulty swallowing both solids and liquids. He had been able to manage his symptoms by using water to flush foods, drinking carbonated beverages, and elevating the head of his bed. He did not experience choking or coughing with swallowing. Two weeks before presentation, he began to feel generally unwell, with worsening dysphagia and regurgitation of undigested food, chest discomfort, and decreased oralintake.Hedidnothavenausea,abdominal pain, diarrhea, constipation, melena, hematochezia, hematemesis, odynophagia, unexplained weight loss, night sweats, exertional chest pain, dyspnea, orthopnea, neck pain, recent trauma, or recent travel outside the United States. Onphysicalexamination,thepatient’sbody
Abstract 1366: Development of murine models of breast cancer metastasis for the evaluation of the efficacy of TGF-β inhibitors as therapeutic agents

Preclinical models are elemental in understanding drug efficacy and safety in vivo. Many existing models of breast cancer metastasis use immune compromised animals, which are not appropriate for the evaluation of novel therapeutics that modulate host immune response such as inhibitors of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway. TGF-β has been shown to be a major immune modulator as well as a major driver in epithelial-mesenchymal transition, which is believed to result in tumor invasion and metastasis. In the current study we characterized a pair of murine mammary cell lines derived from PyMT tumors in C57Bl/6 mice with respect to the effect of TGF-β on their malignant phenotypes. These cell lines, named Py-230 and Py-8119, represent luminal epithelial and mesenchymal cell populations respectively in the tumor. In vitro characterization revealed differences in viability, motility, and transcriptional activation in response to treatment with TGF-β. Py-230 cells were growth inhibited and exhibit epithelial-mesenchymal transition upon treatment with TGF-β whereas Py-8119 was non-responsive to TGF-β in these assays. These observations were consistent with higher Smad activation by TGF-β in Py230 cells than in Py-8119 cells. Furthermore, intra cardiac injections were performed using luciferase-and GFP-transfected PyMT cells in syngeneic animals, which were then treated with either placebo or TβRI KI (kinase inhibitor for TGF-β receptor I). A preliminary study with Py-230 cell-injected mice indicates that TβRI KI treatment appears to enhance bone metastasis. This outcome will be compared with the effect of TβRI KI on the metastatic potential of Py-8119 in our future studies. We believe that the development of mouse models of tumor metastasis using murine mammary cells in a syngeneic background will help illustrate the efficacy of TGF-β inhibitors in abrogating metastasis in an immune competent environment and also allow determining the optimal dose and time of this novel intervention. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1366. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1366
Laboratory Study on Promotion of Aquathermolysis of Heavy Oil by in-situ Thermochemical Heat-generation

Facing the problem of in-situ aquathermolysis of heavy oil (ATHO) being influenced by limited formation temperature, laboratory experiments were carried out to investigate the promotion of ATHO by raising formation temperature through thermochemical heat-generation (TCHG). Results showed that with the injection of 5 mL solutions of 5 mol/L NaNO2/NH4Cl successively into the autoclave, the system temperature raised from 200℃ to above 240℃, the pressure increased about 0.4 MPa, the viscosity reduction ratio of the heavy oil increased 40%, the contents of saturated and aromatic hydrocarbon fractions increased and the contents of resin and asphaltene fractions reduced obviously, confirming that the TCHG can promote the ATHO. Analysis showed that the field injection technique of thermochemical system is feasible, the heat-generating rate and the position of "thermal spike" can be controlled and the thermochemical system is unharmful to the formation. It is feasible to use TCHG to raise the formation temperature to promote the in-situ ATHO. When applied in field, the influencing factors on raising formation temperature by TCHG should be analyzed deeply and relative operation parameters should be optimized.
Analysis on Infectious Disease in Schools and Nurseries of Yunxian County in 2010

[Objective]To understand the epidemic status of infectious disease in schools in Yunxian county,summarize the epidemiological characteristics,and provide the basis for making control strategies. [Methods]The download data were analyzed statistically by Excel(2003) software,and the retrospective analysis was conducted by the descriptive epidemiology. [Results]In 2010,1265 cases of 10 kinds of infectious diseases in schools and nurseries were reported with the reported incidence was 151.20/10 000,and the respiratory infectious disease accounted for 57.0%.41.25% of the schools and nurseries had epidemic,and there was significant difference between urban and rural area(χ2=24.33,P0.01).The incidence rate of children in nurseries ranked in the first place,followed by primary school students,junior middle school students and senior high school students,which was 226.47/10 000,147.08/10 000,127.56/10 000 and 105.38/10 000,respectively.There was significant difference in incidence rate between boys and girls(χ2= 58.14,P0.01). [Conclusion]It is necessary to strengthen the construction of basic health facilities in schools and nurseries,improve the report management of infectious diseases,and carry out the related vaccinations and health examination in students.
Future Prospects for a Computational Neuropsychology

This chapter concludes the book with a focus upon the potential of technology for neuroinformatics and the development of repositories for linking neuropsychological assessment results with data from neuroimaging, psychophysiology, and genetics. It is argued that clinical neuropsychology is ready to embrace technological advances and experience a transformation of its concepts and methods. To develop this aspect of Neuropsychology 3.0, it is suggested that clinical neuropsychologists incorporate findings from the human genome project, as well as advances in psychometric theory and information technologies. Enhanced evidence-based science and praxes is possible if neuropsychologists do the following: (1) develop formal definitions of neuropsychological concepts and tasks in cognitive ontologies; (2) create collaborative neuropsychological knowledgebases; and (3) design novel assessment methods. These focus areas have been reinforced by a growing body of literature calling for increased emphasis upon neuroinformatics in the future of clinical neuropsychology.
Recent Developments in Mass Media: Digitization and Multitasking

Abstract Technology and consumer behavior are changing supply and demand for mass media. Digitization has increased consumer control over media content and advertising, with implications for advertising avoidance, advertising targeting and personalization, competition among media platforms, and media market outcomes. In addition, consumers increasingly use a “second screen” to multitask during media programs, enabling immediate online response to program and advertising content, but also offering new opportunities to divert attention. This chapter presents recent data showing that video has remained the dominant mass medium and establishing the prevalence of digitization and multitasking behavior. It then selectively reviews academic research on the antecedents and consequences of the changing picture of mass media consumption, with a particular focus on the past 5–10 years.
The nephron (pro)renin receptor: function and significance

The (pro)renin receptor (PRR) is a multifunctional protein that is part of the renin-angiotensin system and is an important accessory molecule for the vacuolar H+-ATPase. The PRR is widely expressed in the kidney with relatively high abundance in the distal nephron. Determining the physiological relevance of the PRR has been challenging due to early lethality in whole animal and cell-specific PRR knockout models. Recently, viable renal cell-specific PRR knockout mice have been developed; these studies suggest that PRR in the nephron can modulate renal function via angiotensin II (ANG II)-dependent and -independent cell signaling pathways. In this mini-review, we highlight new developments in nephron PRR function in health and in pathophysiological conditions.
Multicore cluster implementations of hierarchical Bayesian cortical models

We examine the parallelization of two recent biologically inspired hierarchical Bayesian cortical models onto two multicore processor based clusters. The models examined have been developed recently based on new insights from neuroscience and have several advantages over traditional neural network models. In particular, they need far fewer network nodes to simulate a biological scale cortical system than traditional neural network models, thus making them computationally more efficient. The two architectures examined are the Sony/Toshiba/IBM Cell BE and the Intel quad-core Xeon processors. Our results indicate that optimized implementations of the models on clusters of multicore processors can provide significant speedups and that such clusters are a promising approach for developing large scale simulations of the models. We show that for small scale implementations of the models, multicore clusters can provide speedups of about 850 times over serial implementations on the Cell Power Processor Unit.
Abstract 355: Mineralocorticoid Receptor Activation Alters Epoxyeicosatrienoic Acid Production In Vivo

Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) are products of CYP450 epoxygenase and are degraded to DHETs by soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH). Their natriuretic and vasodilatory actions oppose those of mineralo...
PINE-SPARKY.2 for automated NMR-based protein structure research.

Summary Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, along with X-ray crystallography and cryoelectron microscopy, is one of the three major tools that enable the determination of atomic-level structural models of biological macromolecules. Of these, NMR has the unique ability to follow important processes in solution, including conformational changes, internal dynamics and protein-ligand interactions. As a means for facilitating the handling and analysis of spectra involved in these types of NMR studies, we have developed PINE-SPARKY.2, a software package that integrates and automates discrete tasks that previously required interaction with separate software packages. The graphical user interface of PINE-SPARKY.2 simplifies chemical shift assignment and verification, automated detection of secondary structural elements, predictions of flexibility and hydrophobic cores, and calculation of three-dimensional structural models. Availability and implementation PINE-SPARKY.2 is available in the latest version of NMRFAM-SPARKY from the National Magnetic Resonance Facility at Madison (http://pine.nmrfam.wisc.edu/download_packages.html), the NMRbox Project (https://nmrbox.org) and to subscribers to the SBGrid (https://sbgrid.org). For a detailed description of the program, see http://www.nmrfam.wisc.edu/pine-sparky2.htm. Contact whlee@nmrfam.wisc.edu or markley@nmrfam.wisc.edu. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Duality and the signed Laplacian matrix of a graph

Abstract We give a necessary and sufficient condition for a bijection between the edge sets of two graphs to be a dual bijection. The condition involves unimodular congruence of augmented signed Laplacian matrices for the two graphs.
Computer-Aided Detection of Non-polypoid Flat Lesions in CT Colonography: Observer Performance Study

To evaluate the effect of computer-aided detection CADe on the performance of human readers in the detection of non-polypoid flat lesions from a large computed tomography CT colonography population. A total of 153 cathartic CT colonography cases, including 45 colonoscopy-confirmed, morphologically flat lesions, were sampled from a European multi-center CT colonography trial for asymptomatic patients at increased risk of colorectal cancer. Two readers expert and non-expert reviewed the 153 CT colonography cases and recorded all detected lesions using primary 3D interpretation and a CADe second-read paradigm. There were 17 patients with 18 flat lesions i?ź10 mm in size and 17 patients with 27 flat lesions 6 --- 9 mm in size. For the flat lesions i?ź10 mm, per-patient sensitivities of the expert reader for unassisted and CADe-assisted readings were 59% [95% CI: 36---78%] and 71% [47---87%], respectively, whereas those of the non-expert reader were 41% [21---65%] and 47% [37---59%], respectively. For 6-9 mm flat lesions, the corresponding per-patient sensitivities of the expert reader were 59% [36---78%] and 76% [53---89%], respectively, whereas those of the non-expert were 47% [37---59%] and 82% [59---93%]. The results indicate that the use of CADe can increase the sensitivity of human readers in the detection of flat lesions in a screening setting.