cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Exempting the university: Trigger warnings and intellectual space

AbstractIn the controversy over trigger warnings, authors tend to focus more on the warning rather than the trigger aspect of the debate. Trigger warnings serve as an important means to understand the nature of universities as well as how students, professors, and administrators view the university experience. I contend that trigger warnings should be seen as campus-wide interventions, not limited only to classrooms. After all, trauma can be triggered anywhere. This article argues that the trigger warnings controversy signifies the presence of an institutional crisis for universities, especially in relation to the allocation of resources necessary to help students suffering from trauma. Debating the use of trigger warnings is one thing; however, if students feel threatened or if they suffer trauma from controversial material, then the university needs to set aside resources to help students succeed.
Performance optimization of a regenerative Brayton heat engine coupled with a parabolic dish solar collector

Abstract In this study, a detailed thermodynamic analysis of a regenerative Brayton heat engine cycle coupled with a parabolic-dish solar collector is conducted. The analysis examines the thermal performance of the coupled system for power generation applications. Important non-dimensional parameters that govern the optimized performance of the coupled system are identified. The efficiency of the coupled system is expressed in terms of three parameters namely the Brayton cycle pressure ratio, the concentration ratio of the parabolic dish collector, and the maximum temperature ratio of the Brayton cycle. The efficiency of the coupled system is then optimized with respect to the aforementioned parameters by solving the resultant system of three coupled non-linear algebraic equations using a MATLAB(R) program. Optimal values for Brayton cycle pressure ratio, concentration ratio of the parabolic dish collector, and maximum temperature ratio of the Brayton cycle are obtained corresponding to the optimal efficiency of the coupled system. Effects of variation of heat exchanger efficiency, total concentrator error, rim angle and non-dimensional radiation flux parameter on the optimal performance of the coupled system are investigated. Impact of these parameters on the engine size is also presented. In addition, a procedure for preliminary design of the coupled system using performance charts is developed. Results are presented in the form of performance charts that display the effects of changing the heat exchanger efficiency, total concentrator error, rim angle and non-dimensional radiation flux parameter on the optimal efficiency of the coupled system. The analysis show that higher optimal efficiency of the coupled system is achieved for lower values of total concentrator error and higher values of the heat exchanger efficiency. It is also seen that a solar thermal power generation system using the regenerative Brayton cycle results in migration of the optimal efficiency point towards lower values of engine pressure ratio.
Enabling Effective Module-Oblivious Power Gating for Embedded Processors

The increasingly-stringent power and energy requirements of emerging embedded applications have led to a strong recent interest in aggressive power gating techniques. Conventional techniques for aggressive power gating perform module-based power gating in processors, where power domains correspond to RTL modules. We observe that there can be significant power benefits from module-oblivious power gating, where power domains can include an arbitrary set of gates, possibly from multiple RTL modules. However, since it is not possible to infer the activity of module-oblivious power domains from software alone, conventional software-based power management techniques cannot be applied for module-oblivious power gating in processors. Also, since module-oblivious domains are not encapsulated with a well-defined port list and functionality like RTL modules, hardware-based management of module-oblivious domains is prohibitively expensive. In this paper, we present a technique for low-cost management of module-oblivious power domains in embedded processors. The technique involves symbolic simulation-based co-analysis of a processor's hardware design and a software binary to derive profitable and safe power gating decisions for a given set of module-oblivious domains when the software binary is run on the processor. Our technique is automated, does not require programmer intervention, and incurs low management overhead. We demonstrate that module-oblivious power gating based on our technique reduces leakage energy by 2x with respect to state-of-the-art aggressive module-based power gating for a common embedded processor.
Intermolecular interactions involving an acidic patch on immunoglobulin variable domain and the γ2 constant region mediate crystalline inclusion body formation in the endoplasmic reticulum

Full-length immunoglobulins (Igs) are widely considered difficult to crystallize because of their large size, N-linked glycosylation, and flexible hinge region. However, numerous cases of intracellular Ig crystallization are reported in plasma cell dyscrasias. What makes some Ig clones more prone to crystallize during biosynthesis as well as the biochemical and cell biological requirements for this cryptic event are poorly understood. To investigate the underlying process of intracellular Ig crystallization we searched for model IgGs that can induce crystalline inclusions during recombinant overexpression. By testing various subunit combinations through mixing and matching of individual subunit chains derived from a panel of human IgG clones, we identified one secretion competent IgG2λ that induced needle-like crystalline inclusions in transfected HEK293 cells. Ig crystallization rarely occurred at steady-state cell growth conditions but was easily induced when ER-to-Golgi transport was pharmacologically blocked. Homology modeling revealed the presence of a prominent negatively-charged patch on the variable domain surface. The patch was composed of eight aspartic acids, of which five were in the heavy chain variable region and three were in the light chain. Crystallization occurred only when the two subunits were co-transfected and the intracellular crystals co-localized with ER resident proteins. Furthermore, subtype switching from IgG2 to IgG1 and stepwise neutralization of the acidic patch independently abrogated Ig crystallization events. The evidence supported that the formation of needle-like crystalline inclusions in the ER was underscored by multivalent intermolecular interactions between the acidic patch and undefined determinants present on the γ2 subunit constant region.
Tackling the invisibility of abeyant resistance to mainstream biodiversity conservation: Social movement theory and botanic garden agency

Abstract For more than three decades now, botanic gardens have been re-inventing themselves as institutions of plant biodiversity conservation. In this context a growing number of botanic gardens around the world are embracing social roles in pursuit of plant conservation. This reflects the advent of a socio-environmental movement within botanic gardens comprised mainly of public engagement/education staff who promote the management of people-plant relationships as the object of conservation, and as an alternative to mainstream approaches based on the governance of objectified ‘plant-natures’. Although historically social movement theories have focused on social conflict, recent developments in this field offer analytical options that productively highlight the politics of non-conflictual struggle. These developments facilitate the analysis of novel networks and practices of biodiversity conservation at botanic gardens. Building on this literature, this article analyses an original conservation movement at botanic gardens as emergent (at elementary stages of development) and abeyant (yet to be formally organized and/or claimed), which is expanding globally—albeit within the context of the structural constraints that these institutions face as burgeoning sites of environmental innovation. The article thus widens the scope of conservation studies to include the world of botanical garden biodiversity conservation, its political engagements, and the heterogeneity of constituencies it encompasses.
Lattice instability during phase transformations under multiaxial stress: Modified transformation work criterion

A continuum/atomistic approach for predicting lattice instability during crystal-crystal phase transformations (PTs) is developed for the general loading with an arbitrary stress tensor and large strains. It is based on a synergistic combination of the generalized Landau-type theory for PTs and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The continuum approach describes the entire dissipative transformation process in terms of an order parameter, and the general form of the instability criterion is derived utilizing the second law of thermodynamics. The feedback from MD allowed us to present the instability criterion for both direct and reverse PTs in terms of the critical value of the modified transformation work, which is linear in components of the true stress tensor. It was calibrated by MD simulations for direct and reverse PTs between semiconducting silicon Si i and metallic Si ii phases under just two different stress states. Then, it describes hundreds of MD simulations under various combinations of three normal and three shear stresses. In particular, the atomistic simulations show that the effects of all three shear stresses along cubic axes on lattice instability of Si i are negligible, which is in agreement with our criterion.
Phylogenetic profiling identifies glucosyl-phosphoryl dolichol scramblase candidates

All ER protein glycosylation reactions occur in the lumen and often involve lumenal mannosylation and glucosylation steps in which mannose and glucose residues are sourced from the glycolipids mannosyl- and glucosyl-phosphoryl dolichol. Paradoxically, these two lipids are synthesized on the cytoplasmic face of the ER and must therefore be flipped across the ER membrane to provide a source of lumenal mannose and glucose. The molecular identities of the specific transporters that are needed to facilitate the transbilayer movement of MPD and GPD across the ER membrane at a physiological rate remain unknown. Taking advantage of the fact that not all N-glycosylation-competent organisms have glucose in their N-glycan precursor, we implemented a bioinformatics approach for assignment of protein function, namely phylogenetic profiling. Using this procedure, we identified a number of polytopic ER membrane proteins as GPD scramblase candidates in yeast.
Bedside Flexible Cystoscopy: An Approach to the Critically ILL Patient

AbstractA 15F flexible fiberoptic choledochonephroscope was used to perform bedside flexible cystoscopy in 5 critically ill patients. All 5 patients were receiving pressor agents, and 4 were intubated and dependent on a respirator. A ureteral stent was placed in the renal pelvis in 3 patients. The flexible endoscope enables the urologist to bring diagnostic and therapeutic cystoscopy directly to the bedside
Novel Engineering in Early Elementary Classrooms

This chapter provides another rich example of an integrated approach to early engineering education, namely the Novel Engineering program, which is designed to teach engineering and literacy in elementary and middle school classrooms. Through this approach, students derive engineering problems from classroom texts and then move through the engineering design process as they build solutions that are influenced by the characters, settings, and plots about which they are reading. The chapter introduces the Novel Engineering approach, shares how it has been implemented at the early elementary level, and leads the reader through examples of engineering and literacy integration. Finally, the chapter discusses what research associated with this project has found.
Adaptive Optimal Distributed Power Allocation for Enhanced Cognitive Radio Network in the Presence of Channel Uncertainties

In this paper, novel enhanced Cognitive Radio Network (CRN) is considered by using power control where secondary users (SUs) are allowed to use wireless resources of the primary users (PUs) when PUs are deactivated, but also allow SUs to coexist with PUs while PUs are activated by managing interference caused from SUs to PUs. Therefore, a novel adaptive optimal distributed power allocation (AODPA) scheme is proposed by incorporating the effect of channel uncertainties for enhanced CRN in the presence of wireless channel uncertainties. In order to mitigate the attenuation of SIR’s due to channel uncertainties the proposed novel AODPA allows the SIR’s of both PUs’ and SUs’ to converge to a desired target SIR while minimizing the energy consumption. Simulation results illustrate that this novel AODPA scheme can converge much faster and cost less energy than others by adapting to the channel variations optimally.
Polypeptides: Vascular Actions as Modified by Prostaglandins

The general conclusion that prostaglandins are primarily local or tissue hormones (1), which exert their effects at or near sites of synthesis, has particular significance for the vasculature. Thus, the capacity of blood vessels to synthesize prostaglandins intramurally (2) enables these local hormones to influence vascular tone and reactivity directly by affecting the vasoconstrictor actions of angiotensin and catechol amines (3) and by modulating the release of norepinephrine from adrenergic nerves (4). The proposal that prostaglandins participate in the regulation of vascular reactivity is supported by the following observations: 1) enhanced vascular reactivity to pressor stimuli occurs in organs with low basal rates of prostaglandin synthesis and after inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis in organs with high biosynthetic capacity (5); and 2) exogenous PGE2 reversibly inhibits the vasoconstrictor activity of pressor stimuli (6).
Supranuclear Eye Movement Control

There are six extraocular muscles innervated by three cranial nerves, 3, 4, and 6 serving to control simple eye movements. While the nuclei for these cranial nerves are located in the brainstem, there are supranuclear networks residing in varied regions of the brain that provide the complex and precise instructions insuring the ability to maintain a target upon the fovea of the retina (thus clear vision) under varying circumstances. The term supranuclear is appropriate to designate these systems, as they functionally reside above and provide input to the ocular motor neurons.
Improving Clinical Teaching Skills Using Interaction Analysis

Clinical teaching is the cornerstone of surgical residency training with its primary goal to develop in the resident the ability to exercise sound medical judgment. In order to achieve this, residents must be taught by faculty in a way that is effective, yet flexible enough to work with various disease processes and with individual residents.
Use of Simulation to Develop Teamwork Skills in Prelicensure Nursing Students: An Integrative Review.

Background While use of simulation to improve teamwork skills has been established in a variety of clinical settings, it is unclear how teamwork skills of nursing students are developed using simulation. Purpose The purpose of this review was to synthesize literature on how simulation is used to teach teamwork skills to prelicensure nursing students. Methods The integrative review of the literature was conducted using the Whittemore and Knafl 5-stage methodology and the TeamSTEPPS framework. Results Twenty-one articles were included in the review. Each of the articles reviewed used a component of TeamSTEPPS. The most common TeamSTEPPS concept addressed in the simulations was communication followed by mutual support. Conclusion While simulation appears to be an appropriate methodology to teach teamwork skills to prelicensure nursing students, it is evident that some of those skills are not being taught using the TeamSTEPPS framework.
Development of a windborne debris impact fragility curve for Cross-Laminated Timber using experimental testing

Abstract Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT) is an engineered wood product with high rigidity, dimensional stability, and desirable environmental properties. Because of these characteristics, it presents the potential to resist the impact loads associated with windborne debris in both tornadoes and hurricanes. Full-scale experimental debris impact testing was performed on 3-layer CLT in order to determine its response to debris impact loading scenarios. A variety of missile masses, speeds, and impact locations were tested to determine this response. Various forms of failure were observed including missile perforation, excessive backside deflection, and dislodgement of debris on the backside of tested panels. Analysis of the experimental data was then performed with the goal producing a debris impact fragility curve for CLT. The resulting curves were based on relating a missile's kinetic energy with the probability of failure as defined by relevant testing standards. The results of this study point towards 3-ply CLT having a high likelihood of surviving impacts from EF-2 and EF-3 level missiles with a decreased likelihood of surviving debris from EF-4 and EF-5 level events. For qualification as a material for safe rooms, thicker panels and additional connection design would be required.
Monitoring Charge Separation Dynamics Using THz Emission Spectroscopy

We present terahertz (THz)emission spectroscopy as a means of monitoring ultrafast charge separation dynamics in layered two-dimensional heterostructures. $\bigcirc \!\!\!\!\! c$ 2019 The Author(s)
Procedural Complexity of TransCarotid Artery Revascularization Is Not Increased in Irradiated and Reoperative Necks.

Background TransCarotid Revascularization (TCAR) with dynamic flow reversal using the ENROUTE Neuroprotection System (ENPS) is a Food and Drug Administration–approved alternative carotid revascularization modality. The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether TCAR in a hostile (fibrotic) surgical field increases procedural complexity and postoperative complications. Methods Perioperative variables for all institutional TCARs performed between December 2015 and April 2019 were prospectively captured. Procedures performed as part of the ongoing ROADSTER-2 registry were excluded. Univariate analysis, consisting of Student's T and Fisher's exact testing, comparing virgin and hostile neck TCAR, was performed at an alpha of 0.05. Results During the study period, 149 total procedures (n = 30, hostile ipsilateral necks) qualified for inclusion. Both hostile and virgin neck groups were comparable with respect to preoperative comorbidities and medication profiles. The ipsilateral hostile neck cohort consisted of ten patients who underwent previous ipsilateral neck radiation and 23 who were status after neck dissection (3 had both). Intraoperatively, there were no differences with respect to estimated blood loss (47.2 vs. 44.8 mL, P = 0.81), operative time (69.5 vs. 74.5 min, P = 0.38), reverse flow time (12.4 vs. 10.4 min, P = 0.34), radiation exposure (217.7 vs. 226.2 mGy, P = 0.88), fluoroscopy time (5.4 vs. 5.0 min, P = 0.65), contrast usage (23.5 vs. 25.0 mL, P = 0.55), and ability to achieve technical success (96.7% vs. 100%, P = 0.58) between virgin and hostile necks, respectively. Perioperative (30-day) ipsilateral stroke and death rate was 2.5% vs. 0% (P = 1.0) and 2.5% vs. 0% (P = 1.0), respectively, between virgin and hostile necks. We observed one postoperative cranial nerve injury in any of our TCAR patients (hostile neck, P = 0.20). Finally, a total of 3 hematomas (requiring washout) occurred in our (2 in virgin necks and one in a hostile neck) surgical cohort (P = 0.49). Conclusions Based on this limited, small series, TCAR in hostile surgical fields is not associated with an increase in case complexity and maintains a similar perioperative risk to virgin field procedures.
Activation of KCI Cotransport by Urea Induces Dehydration in Both Sickle and Normal Reticulocytes.

Abstract KCl Cotransport (KCC) is highly expressed in sickle red blood cells (SS RBC) and recent data have demonstrated its abnormal response to cell swelling and acid pH. We showed that the final MCHC achieved by SS reticulocytes upon activation of KCC by these stimuli was higher than that of normal (AA) reticulocytes (Joiner et al, Blood, in Press). Here we report studies examining the sensitivity of KCC to activation by urea at concentrations present in the kidney and the effect of urea stimulation of KCC on reticulocyte MCHC. KCC fluxes were assayed as Rb uptake over 20 min in isotonic saline solutions buffered with HEPES to pH 7.4 (37°C) containing 0.1 mM ouabain, and 0.01 mM bumetanide, with 27 mM RbCl replacing equimolar NaCl. Under these conditions > 95 % of Rb uptake was Cl-dependent (assessed by sulfamate replacement of Cl). The maximal volume-stimulated KCC flux (VSmax KCC) was measured for each sample in cells swollen isotonically to MCHC Final Reticulocyte MCHC, gm/dl [mean (SD), n = 3] AA SS p (AA vs SS) Control 31.9 (0.7) 34.7 (1.2 0.03 Urea 35.3 (0.5) 37.8 (0.3) 0.002 p (Control vs Urea) 0.005 0.03 Urea (600 mM) enhanced RVD in both AA retics and SS retics. Sulfhydryl reduction with DTT had no effect on urea-stimulated RVD in SS reticulocytes. RVD stimulated by urea was complete within 60 minutes, and was irreversible: additional incubation without urea did not lower MCHC. The partially dehydrating effect of brief (10 min) exposure to urea was also irreversible, and was cumulative: cells exposed to two 10 min exposures to high urea (600 mM), separated by 10 min at a low, non-stimulating concentration of urea (100 mM), yielded the same MCHC as a continuous 20 min exposure. These data demonstrate that urea, at concentrations found in the renal medulla, is a powerful stimulant of KCC and intiates a striking RVD in reticulocytes. To the extent that intermittent stimulation of KCC by urea in the kidney occurs in vivo, this could contribute an exaggerated RVD resulting in dehydration of SS reticulocytes.
Assisted reproductive technologies induce temporally specific placental defects and the preeclampsia risk marker sFLT1 in mouse.

ABSTRACT Although widely used, assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) are associated with adverse perinatal outcomes. To elucidate their underlying causes, we have conducted a longitudinal analysis of placental development and fetal growth using a mouse model to investigate the effects of individual ART procedures: hormone stimulation, in vitro fertilization (IVF), embryo culture and embryo transfer. We demonstrate that transfer of blastocysts naturally conceived without hormone stimulation and developed in vivo prior to transfer can impair early placentation and fetal growth, but this effect normalizes by term. In contrast, embryos cultured in vitro before transfer do not exhibit this compensation but rather display placental overgrowth, reduced fetal weight, reduced placental DNA methylation and increased levels of sFLT1, an anti-angiogenic protein implicated in causing the maternal symptoms of preeclampsia in humans. Increases in sFLT1 observed in this study suggest that IVF procedures could increase the risk for preeclampsia. Moreover, our results indicate that embryo culture is the major factor contributing to most placental abnormalities and should therefore be targeted for optimization.
The Lincoln Project and the Conservative Aesthetic

This election season, a rogue band of Republican Party operatives has attracted considerable media attention, and the Twitter wrath of President Trump, with a series of negative advertisements attacking the incumbent. The Lincoln Project strategy demonstrates how social and cultural conservatives are attracted to a particular aesthetic, prompted by their psychological attraction to rhetorical forms that are threat-oriented, clear, efficient, hyperbolic, emotional, and authoritative.
Cell signaling coordinates global Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 recruitment and gene expression in murine embryonic stem cells

Summary The recruitment of Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) to gene promoters is critical for its function in repressing gene expression in murine embryonic stem cells (mESCs). However, previous studies have demonstrated although the expression of early lineage-specific genes is largely repressed, the genome-wide PRC2 occupancy is unexpectedly reduced in naive mESCs. In this study, we provide evidence to show the FGF/ERK signaling determines the global PRC2 occupancy through regulating the expression of PRC2-recruting factor JARID2 in naive mESCs. At the transcriptional level, the de-repression of bivalent genes is predominantly determined by the presence of cell signaling-associated transcription factors but not the status of PRC2 occupancy at gene promoters. Hence, this study not only reveals a key molecular mechanism by which the FGF/ERK signaling in regulating the PRC2 occupancy in mESCs, but also elucidates a fundamental question regarding the functional roles of transcription factors and Polycomb-mediated epigenetic mechanisms in transcriptional regulation.
Death and Dying, Psychology of

This article is a revision of the previous edition article by A. Kruse, volume 5, pp. 3263–3267, © 2001, Elsevier Ltd.
On Threats to the 5G Service Based Architecture

The 3GPP-based 5G System marks a clear departure form the previous generations. There is a new radio system and a complete overhaul of the core network design. The core network is redesigned both on the control plane parts and the transport plane. The control plane signalling within the core network is now largely based on the service based architecture (SBA) design, featuring Web-based technologies and the associated security solutions. In this paper we conduct a preliminary generic survey of threats to the SBA.
Abstract #4466: Development of 99mTc-EC-AMT for lung and breast tumor imaging in rodents

Purpose: Alpha-methyl tyrosine (AMT) labeled with 18F has been shown as a useful tumor imaging agent by PET (Inoue et al., J Nucl Med. 40(3):399-405, 1999). However, PET tracer production is costly and requires cyclotron and automation. Previously, we reported that cyclam-alpha-methyl-D, L-tyrosine (N4-AMT), an amino acid transporter-based compound, had high accumulation in several tumor models. N4-chemistry is complex due to chemical protection and de-protection steps. Using N, N-ethylene-di-L-cysteine (EC) as a chelator was an alternative due to its easier chemistry and higher hydrophilicity compared to N4. This study was aimed to synthesize 99mTc-EC-AMT and evaluate its potential in tumor imaging. Its in vitro and in vivo tumor uptakes were compared to that of 99mTc-N4-AMT. Methods: EC-AMT precursor was synthesized by reacting EC and 3-bromopropyl AMT (N-BOC, ethyl ester) in ethanolic/potassium carbonate solution. After acid hydrolysis, EC-AMT was obtained in 80-90% yield. 99mTc labeled EC-AMT was obtained in the presence of tin (II) chloride. In vitro cellular uptake of 99mTc-N4-AMT and 99mTc- EC-AMT (0.1mg in 1 uCi/well) was conducted in H441-GL human lung adenocarcinoma epithelial cells (50,000 cells /well) at 0.5-4 hrs. Planar imaging was evaluated in both mammary tumor-bearing rats (0.3mCi/rat, iv) and H441-GL tumor-bearing athymic nude mice (0.2mCi, iv) at 30 and 90 minutes. Results: Structure of EC-AMT was confirmed by 1H, 13C NMR, HPLC and mass spectrometry. Radiochemical purity of 99mTc-EC-AMT was >96% by radioHPLC. In vitro cellular uptake of 99mTc -EC-AMT and 99mTc-N4-AMT in H441-GL cells was 0.8% and 1.2%, respectively. Planar scintigraphy at 30-90 min revealed that 99mTc-EC-AMT had similar tumor/muscle ratios compared to 99mTc-N4-AMT in tumor-bearing rats. (2.72-3.31 vs. 2.3-4.0). Conclusions: Efficient synthesis of EC-AMT was achieved. Rapid and high accumulation of 99mTc-EC-AMT in tumor and low normal tissue uptake were observed in animal models. In vitro cellular uptake and in vivo imaging findings suggest that 99mTc-EC-AMT is less lipophilic than 99mTc-N4-AMT. 99mTc-EC-AMT, a new amino acid transporter-based tracer, is a useful biomarker for tumor imaging. Citation Information: In: Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res; 2009 Apr 18-22; Denver, CO. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; 2009. Abstract nr 4466.
The Effects of Public and Private Sustenance Organizations on Population Redistribution in New York State

The concept of sustenance organization, as originally proposed by Amos Hawley (1950:178), refers to “the complex of functional interrelationships by which men live.” Sustenance organization is the totality of social organization that governs the adaptation of populations to their environments and involves considerably more than the economic relationships in which populations engage. It encompasses the family, nonprofit organizations, and other entities outside of the pricing system. Gibbs and Martin (1959:4) emphasize this point, “whereas economists are ordinarily interested in the interrelationships of such variables as supply, demand, cost, and prices within a given sustenance organization, ecologists are concerned with the characteristics of the structure itself.”
Simulation and Experimental Characterization of a Unified Memory Device with Two Floating-Gates

The operation of a novel unified memory device using two floating-gates is described through experimental characterization of a fabricated proof-of-concept device and confirmed through simulation. The dynamic, nonvolatile, and concurrent modes of the device are described in detail. Simulations show that the device compares favorably to conventional memory devices. Applications enabled by this unified memory device are discussed, highlighting the dramatic impact this device could have on next generation memory architectures.
Scalp abscess: A complication of the spiral fetal electrode

Abstract During the period from September 1974, to January 1975, we performed 276 deliveries, of which 54 per cent were internally monitored with a spiral type of fetal electrode. Eight of the infants monitored (incidence, 5.4 per cent) developed scalp abscesses. We had had no previous complications associated with the electrodes. An intensive investigation was conducted to detect the causative factor(s) of the fetal scalp infections. Case histories of the mothers and infants were scrutinized, instruments were examined, the environment and techniques were analyzed. A survey of maternal and infant complications during the period from September 1973, to August 1974, served as control. The findings indicated that a different type of coil electrode had been substituted for the brand we had used previously. The new coil electrode had a barb at the tip, presumably to prevent its falling out of the scalp. We discontinued the use of the coil which had become suspect and returned to the type we had used previously. We have not had another incidence of fetal scalp infection associated with intrapartum monitoring.
Improved comfort of US military chemical and biological protective clothing

Abstract Since 1962. US military researchers have engaged in a concerted effort to improve the thermal comfort of chemical and biological (CB) protective clothing ensembles. Although current-issue CB protective ensembles have benefited from this work, full encapsulation within these multi-layered, low-permeability garments still severely limits human tolerance, especially in the heat. This chapter will describe testing methods, research findings, and improved CB ensembles that have been developed for the US military services. Early CB ensembles were virtually impermeable and presented a serious health hazard to the wearer. In the early 1960s, protective textiles were evaluated for thermal and water vapor resistance using a guarded, heated flat-plate apparatus. Prototype overgarments employing improved activated carbon foam layers were then tested on thermal manikins outfitted with wettable cotton skins. In the late 1960s, biophysical data from the manikins were integrated with human volunteer trial data to make simple predictions of core temperature and heart rate. These predictive models further evolved to accurately describe sweat rates, hydration requirements, and safe work/rest cycles in a range of exercise intensities and environmental conditions. Carbon foam absorption remained the method of CB protection until 1995 when testing began to focus on thinner materials using microencapsulated carbon spheres. Current testing is being conducted on extremely thin, selectively permeable membranes (SPM) as the basis for lighter, highly breathable CB overgarments. This active testing program has allowed military textile technologists to produce prototype CB protective clothing that has gradually increased wearer thermal comfort. 25 years of prototype improvements were adopted to maximize the limited evaporative cooling potential of the carbon foam-based US Army Standard Battle Dress Overgarment (BDO). Extensive multi-service testing replaced the BDO with the lighter, more comfortable Joint Service Lightweight Integrated Suit, offering longer human tolerance times for an expanded military population. Initial manikin testing of SPM technology shows that evaporative resistance is markedly reduced, along with lower thermal resistance, thereby improving overall evaporative potential and improving user performance in hot environments. Biophysical analyses, predictive modeling, and physiological wear trials have been instrumental in improving the thermal comfort capabilities of military CB protective clothing systems.
Structural studies of glycopeptide antibiotic A35512B

Abstract A35512B is one of the components of the A35512 complex of glycopeptide antibiotics recently isolated from Streptomyces Candidus . Hydrolysis of the aglycone with 6 N HC1 gave actinoidinic acid ( 6 ), and the previously reported Cl-containing diphenyl ether-type bis(phenylglycine) 2 . Hydrolysis of the aglycone in 57% HI gave 6 , tris (amino acid) 5b arising from reduction of the β-OH groups of amino acid 5a , and amino acid 7 , formed by dehalogenation of 2 . Amino acids 2 and 7 were oxidatively degraded to bis(benzoates) 3d and 10 . The structures of 3d and 10 were confirmed by independent syntheses. Amino acid 2 is assigned structure 2d rather than the previously proposed structures 2a or 2b . The absolute configuration of 2d was determined as R for the para -hydroxylated ring and S for the meta -hydroxylated ring.