cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Chronic haloperidol administration increases GABA binding and enhances neuronal responsiveness to iontophoresed GABA in rat globus pallidus.

Abstract Experiments were conducted to assess the effects of chronic haloperidol (CHAL) administration on γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor binding within the rat globus pallidus (GP) and on the responsiveness of individual pallidal neurons to microiontophoretically applied GABA and glycine. Rats were administered haloperidol in their food for 30 days in increasing concentrations and the experiments were conducted 2 days after termination of the haloperidol treatment. GABA receptor binding and neuronal responsiveness to GABA were significantly increased within the GP following CHAL treatment. The mean EC50 value for GABA was significantly decreased in the CHAL-treated rats, but there was no change in the EC50 for glycine. Scatchard analysis of [3H]muscimol binding demonstrated a single high-affinity binding site (Kd = 5nM) within both control and CHAL-treated rats. The binding capacity (Bmax) of this high-affinity site was significantly increased in CHAL-treated rats without any change in the dissociation constant (Kd) for this site. These results suggest that CHAL administration may lead to a decrease in GABA release by striatopallidal efferents. The results of this study, combined with those of our previous study on SNR neurons, have demonstrated that blockade of striatally mediated dopamine (DA) neurotransmission leads to similar changes in GABAergic mechanisms at the level of the GP and SNR and suggest that DA regulation of the striatopallidal and striatonigral GABAergic pathways need not be differentially organized as has previously been postulated.
Building safety into active living initiatives

OBJECTIVE: Efforts to promote environmental designs that facilitate opportunities for physical activity should consider the fact that injuries are the leading cause of death for Americans ages 1 to 44, with transportation-related injuries the most common cause. Drawing on the latest research and best practices in the field of injury prevention, the purpose of this article is to provide those working to promote physical activity with evidence-based recommendations on building in safety while designing active environments. METHOD: A systematic review of the peer-reviewed and grey literature published from 1995 to 2012 was conducted to identify injury prevention strategies applicable to objectives in the Active Design Guidelines (ADG), which present design strategies for active living. Injury prevention strategies were rated according to the strength of the research evidence. RESULTS: We identified 18 urban design strategies and 9 building design strategies that promote safety. Evidence was strong or emerging for 14/18 urban design strategies and 7/9 building design strategies. CONCLUSION: ADG strategies are often wholly compatible with well-accepted injury prevention principles. By partnering with architects and planners, injury prevention and public health professionals can help ensure that new and renovated spaces maximize both active living and safety. Language: en
Optically Turbulent Femtosecond Light Guide in Air

The onset and recurrence of multiple light filaments during the long-distance propagation of intense femtosecond infrared pulses in air is shown to share features with strong turbulence in other physical systems. Here, however, space-time collapse events drive the turbulence, and plasma defocusing, not dissipation, is the dominant mechanism regularizing the collapse.
INTRAV and ORAL: BASIC interactive computer programs for estimating pharmacokinetic parameters

Two interactive computer programs, INTRAV and ORAL, were written to permit pharmacokinetic modeling of experimental data and to obtain pertinent values based on derived estimates. Both programs utilize BASIC language and were developed on a microcomputer with graphics capability. Drug concentration in blood, plasma, or serum with time following either nonabsorptive (intravenous) or absorptive (oral or intramuscular) administration is input, and a semilogarithmic display of data appears on a cathode-ray tube (CRT). The user selects limits for various linear segments using a movable cursor. On command, coefficients and exponents for the differential equation which describes those limits is computed and a nonlinear curve is fitted through the data set. Results from statistical tests are available in output formats permitting the user to determine the goodness of the selected limits. Commonly used pharmacokinetic parameters are also computed and appear on the output. Numerous graphic output options are also available to permit comparisons between data sets and/or estimates derived from other computer programs. INTRAV and ORAL were compared with the widely used programs CSTRIP, ESTRIP, and NONLIN. Both INTRAV and ORAL gave estimates which were almost identical with CSTRIP and ESTRIP, whereas those obtained with NONLIN were very similar, although not identical.
Revisiting the concept of cancer stem cells in prostate cancer

The cancer stem cell (CSC) model proposes that cells within a tumor are organized in a hierarchical lineage relationship and display different tumorigenic potential, suggesting that effective therapeutics should target rare CSCs that sustain tumor malignancy. Here we review the current status of studies to identify CSCs in human prostate cancer as well as mouse models, with an emphasis on discussing different functional assays and their advantages and limitations. We also describe current controversies regarding the identification of prostate epithelial stem cells and cell types of origin for prostate cancer, and present potential resolutions of these issues. Although definitive evidence for the existence of CSCs in prostate cancer is still lacking, future directions pursuing the identification of tumor-initiating stem cells in the mouse may provide important advances in evaluating the CSC model for prostate cancer.
Eighth-order magnetic moment of the electron. I. Second-order vertex containing second-, fourth-, and sixth-order vacuum polarization subdiagrams

We have calculated the contribution to the eighth-order anomalous magnetic moment of the electron arising from 25 Feynman diagrams generated by inserting second-, fourth-, and sixth-order vacuum polarization loops in the photon line of the second-order vertex diagram. Our result is $0.0766(6){(\frac{\ensuremath{\alpha}}{\ensuremath{\pi}})}^{4}$. The theoretical error represents the estimated accuracy (90% confidence limit) of the numerical integrations.
Controlling The pH Of Cultures Of Penicillium Notatum Through Its Carbon And Nitrogen Nutrition

root cap, and characterized by relatively slow elongation, absence of cell division and, hence, the presence of vacuolated, extending cells. Cell differentiation occurs at different levels within the root, depending upon the particular type of cell involved. Thus, sieve tubes are matured within 230 ,u of the base of the root cap, well within the meristematic zone; while the youngest xylary elements to show characteristic thickenings of the secondary walls are found at a point 740 p further back, in the zone of cell elongation. For this reason, the use of the terms "zone of differentiation" and "zone of maturation," without designating a specific cell type, should be discontinued.
Thermal analysis of non-isothermal crystallization kinetics in glass forming liquids

Abstract A brief review is given of previously suggested methods for analysis of experimental data of non-isothermal crystallization kinetics based on the Johnson-Mehl-Avrami transformation rate equation. Conditions for applicability are outlined and an estimate of error is made. A method of non-isothermal analysis is presented which facilitates rapid data evaluation over large temperature ranges and which justifies the previous applications in the literature of Kissinger's method to the analysis of crystallizations kinetics. An extension of these methods is made to the case of growth rates which obey a Vogel-Further temperature relation.
Effects of high hydrostatic pressure on Eimeria acervulina pathogenicity, immunogenicity and structural integrity

Abstract Eimeria acervulina is a protozoan parasite that can cause intestinal lesions and reduced weight gain in chickens. E. acervulina oocysts were treated by high hydrostatic pressure and evaluated for pathogenicity, immunogenicity, and structural integrity. Pressure treatment of E. acervulina oocysts at 550 MPa for 2 min at 4, 20 or 40 °C rendered the parasites nonpathogenic to chickens. Pressure treatment at 40 °C also prevented fecal shedding of oocysts. Upon challenge with non-pressurized E. acervulina oocysts, partial immunity was observed with a reduction in lesion severity in chickens that had been inoculated with pressure-treated oocysts. No changes to the fragility and permeability of the oocyst wall or excystation of sporocysts were observed as a result of pressure treatment. Light and scanning electron microscopy revealed no changes to the whole oocyst or sporocysts. Recovery and the morphology of excysted sporozoites were altered by pressure treatment. These results suggest that pressure affects sporozoite integrity. Industrial relevance High-hydrostatic pressure processing has been shown to inactivate various microorganisms and is utilized commercially for enhanced food safety and quality. Some pathogenic microorganisms have been inactivated by HPP yet retain immunogenic properties suggesting potential application for vaccine development. Eimeria acervulina is a poultry pathogen for which new vaccines are sought. E. acervulina is also closely related to Cyclospora cayetanensis, a foodborne human pathogen. HPP was explored for effect on E. acervulina for potential vaccine development for chickens and for insight on HPP effects on parasites for enhanced safety of human foods.
Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema Complicating Massive Verapamil Overdose

Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema has not been (to our knowledge) previously reported associated with a verapamil overdose. We describe a 27-year-old woman who developed this complication after an overdose of 15, 120-mg verapamil tablets (total of 1,800 mg). This report illustrates the possibility of serious pulmonary embarrassment in the course of a verapamil overdose and the need to avoid excessive crystalloid administration during the hypotensive period.
Food-sharing behaviour within a group of douc monkeys (Pygathrix nemaeus nemaeus).

ALTHOUGH food sharing has been observed among gibbons1, the active donation of food by one non-human primate to another has been reported only for free ranging chimpanzees2,3, and—in a single case—for captive gorillas4. Such behaviour has not been reported for monkeys. In the absence of positive evidence, it has seemed reasonable to assume that monkeys do not share food, except in the sense of feeding in close proximity to one another5. Since the active sharing of food may have been of fundamental importance in the early evolution of mankind6–9, examples of such behaviour among non-human primates are of particular interest to anthropologists. I describe here some observations of food sharing and donation in a captive group of douc monkeys (Pygathrix nemaeus nemaeus).
Beyond size and search: building contextual mass in digital aggregations for scholarly use

At present there are no established collection development methods for building large-scale digital aggregations. However, to realize the potential of the collective base of digital content and advance scholarship, aggregations must do more than provide search of sizable bodies of content. Informed by empirical understanding of scholarly information practices, the IMLS Digital Collections and Content project developed an aggregation strategy for building Opening History, one of the largest digital cultural heritage aggregations in the country. The strategy applied policy-driven collecting, based on the principle of contextual mass, and conspectus-style evaluation of collection-level metadata to identify strong subject areas within the aggregation. Analysis of density, interconnectedness, diversity, and small/large collection complementarity determined subject concentrations and thematic strengths to be prioritized for future collection development and used as organizational structures for browsing and visualization. The approach models how scholars build their own personal research collections, as they follow leads from collection to collection across institutions near and far, and adds value that cannot be achieved through conventional retrieval and browsing at the item-level.
The Vanderbilt Concrete Canoe Design Project: The Little Engine that Canoed

The Vanderbilt Concrete Canoe (VCC) Team has a competitive history at the Southeastern Regional ASCE Conference, placing in the top five schools throughout the past three years. The most recent concrete canoe project was named The Little Engine That Canoed in 2006 to honor Commodore Cornelius Vanderbilt’s origins in the railroad industry and as a reminder of the power of persistence. Developing The Little Engine was a small portion of the overall project objectives. The design team first compiled a significant body of literature that systematically outlined the steps for a successful concrete canoe project. The Little Engine boasts a fresh hull, three-dimensional finite element analysis, and an optimized concrete composite. The canoe construction efforts yielded a female mold, canoe carrier, and stands. Team members found the process of modeling the V-shaped bow and stern sections and a rounded stern stem to be the most challenging obstacles. Three-dimensional analysis was performed for the first time in school history and provided insight into graduate level coursework. Similarly, designing a concrete composite to withstand the rigors of competition required the use of a polymer to replace water in the concrete mix. To reach new heights, the team utilized a functional breakdown structure. Teamwork and communication, in the face of limited manpower, resulted in performing over 800 man-hours of concrete canoe related activities during a two-year period.
Mass spectrometry of benzylamines and benzylamine derivatives

The mass spectra of benzylamine, N-ethylbenzylamine, N,N-dimethylbenzylamine, p-methoxybenzylamine and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylamine, and their acetamide and trimethyl- silyl (TMS) derivatives have been recorded. Low and high resolution spectroscopy were employed in conjunction with ion kinetic energy (IKE) determinations to establish the empirical formulae of the fragment ions and their modes of fragmentation. In the case of the acetamide derivatives the acyl group is lost by acetoxy elimination giving rise to the [M — 1] ion of the parent amine which then undergoes fragmentation very similar to the original amine. The TMS derivatives present more complex fragmentation patterns which involve rearrangement of the TMS side chain during decomposition. Consequently the acetamide derivative of an unknown aromatic amine is preferred for diagnostic purposes.
The enhancement of macrophage bacteriostasis by products of activated lymphocytes.

It was reported previously that the incubation of normal guinea pig macrophages with partially purified products of activated lymphocytes resulted in altered macrophage function including increased cell adherence to culture vessels, spreading, phagocytosis, and glucose carbon-1 oxidation. Studies reported here demonstrate that such macrophages also exhibit enhanced bacteriostasis. Lymphocytes were stimulated with concanavalin A, the culture supernatant was chromatographed over Sephadex G-100 and the fraction of mol wt 25,000–55,000, rich in lymphocyte mediators, was cultured with normal guinea pig macrophages for 1–3 days. Macrophages incubated with fractions from unstimulated lymphocyte cultures served as controls. The resulting macrophage monolayers were infected with Listeria monocytogenes. Macrophages incubated with mediator-rich fractions exhibited 2- to 10-fold enhanced bacteriostasis compared to controls. Further studies indicate that this enhancement was attributable to intrinsic changes in the macrophages and not simply a consequence of the number of macrophages on the monolayers. The studies support the concept that macrophage bacteriostasis can be enhanced by lymphocyte mediators. However, macrophages, which have been preincubated directly with sensitive lymphocytes and antigen exhibit even greater bacteriostasis and sometimes bactericidal capacity, suggesting that either a labile lymphocyte factor or direct lymphocyte macrophage interaction may also be involved in bactericidal activity.
Frequency-correlated 1550-nm photon pairs for quantum communication

We observed frequency correlation of 1550-nm photon pairs generated via broadband parametric downconversion. Wavelength division multiplexing components are used to separate photon pairs into correlated, narrowband channels for potential use in increased-capacity quantum networks.
Ethnicity, Markets, and Migration in the Andes: At the Crossroads of History and Anthropology

Ethnicity, Markets, and Migration in the Andes: At the Crossroads of History and Anthropology. BROOKE LARSON and OLIVIA HARRIS with ENRIQUE TANDETER, eds. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1995 x + 428 pp., tables, glossary, references, contributors, index.
Computer and Internet Usage in Education: Theories, Practices, and Research Basics

This article covered the theories, practices, and the research basics of the computer and Internet usage in education. The article reviewed the studies of computer and Internet usage in education and the practices of computer and Internet in open and distance learning, then discussed the two participants in effective online education, ended with reviewing on the researches about the demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of the users. The implication of this research is that computer and Internet usage in education is making a difference in distance learning today by providing a way to deliver knowledge for anyone, anywhere, and anytime. The computer and Internet usage in education will meet the need for Just-in-Time learning and worldwide learning concept for the twenty-first century.
Reactions of Methyl Iodide and Halopropanes with Na0 Treated and Untreated NaX and NaY Zeolites

Products formed from reactions of methyl iodide, 1-chloropropane, 1-iodopropane and 1-bromopropane with Na 0 treated and untreated NaX and NaY zeolites were studied using solid state 13 C NMR and IR spectroscopy. At room temperature, methyl iodide dissociates to form framework methoxy in untreated NaX with no reaction observed in untreated NaY. Upon Na 0 treatment, both NaX and NaY reacts with methyl iodide to form framework methoxy, methane and ethane. Longer carbon chain 1-iodo, bromo and chloropropane were also studied. 1-iodopropane undergoes dehalogenation to form framework propoxy while 1-chloropropane and 1-bromopropane undergoes dehalogenation/ dehydrohalogenation to form framework propoxy and propene.
Macroalgal-mediated transfers of water column nitrogen to intertidal sediments and salt marsh plants

In many temperate estuaries, mats of opportunistic macroalgae accumulate on intertidal flats and in lower elevations of salt marshes, perhaps playing a role in linking water column nitrogen (N) supply to these benthic habitats. Using a flow-through seawater system and tidal simulator, we varied densities (equivalent to 0, 1, 2, or 3 kg m 2 wet mass) of 15 N-labelled macroalgae (Enteromorpha intestinalis) on estuarine sediments in microcosms with/without pickleweed (Salicornia virginica) to assess N transfers from algae. In the 6-week experiment, macroalgal biomass increased from initial levels in the lower density treatments but all algae lost N mass, probably through both leakage and decomposition. With all densities of algae added, sediments and pickleweed became enriched in 15 N. With increasing mat density, losses of algal N mass increased, resulting in stepwise increases in 15 N labeling of the deeper sediments and pickleweed. While we did not detect a growth response in pickleweed with macroalgal addition during the experiment, N losses from algal mats that persist over many months and/or recur each year could be important to the mineral nutrition of N-limited marsh plants. We conclude that N dynamics of intertidal sediments and lower salt marsh vegetation are linked to the N pools of co-occurring macroalgae and that further study is needed to assess the magnitude and importance of N transfers. D 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
New circular-polarized frequency-independent antennas with conical beam or omnidirectional patterns

A conical beam may be obtained from balanced equiangular spiral antennas by constructing an antenna with more than two spiral arms and symmetrically connecting these arms to provide a suppression of the radiated fields on the axis of the antenna. The angle of this conical beam can be controlled and, with proper choice of parameters, confined to the immediate vicinity of the azimuthal ( \theta = 90\deg ) plane. An antenna with four symmetrically spaced arms can provide a radiation pattern that is within 3 db of omnidirectional circularly polarized coverage in the azimuthal plane. The standing-wave ratio of this antenna referred to a 50-ohm coaxial cable is less than 2-to-1 over the pattern bandwidth. This four-arm version retains the wide frequency bandwidths of the basic conical log-spiral antenna, and it provides a coverage which heretofore has been difficult to obtain even with narrow-band antennas.
The RoboCup Nanogram League: An Opportunity for Project-Based Undergraduate Education in Microsystems

The new "nanogram league" of the international RoboCup competition creates an opportunity for project-based, undergraduate, microsystems education. The RoboCup problem was broken into three parts: general microrobot design and fabrication, machine vision and control, and design of a microrobot system to perform the RoboCup tasks. The design and construction of microrobots were the focus for a senior elective on microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). Concurrently, the vision portions of the problem were used as a project for a Machine Vision course. Students from both classes then formed design teams to create a system for competition.
Synthesis of 14c-labeled isomers of dichlorodiphenyldichloroethanes(ddd)

1,1-Dichloro-2-( o -chlorophenyl)-2-( p -chlorophenyl- 14 C)ethane( o , p ′-DDD- 14 C), 1,1-sichlora-2-( m -chlorophenyl)-2-( p -chlorophenyl- 14 C)ethne(m, P′-DDD- 14 C) and 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis-( p -chlorophenyl- 14 C)ethane( p , p′-DDD- 14 C) were synthesized by acid catalyzed condensation of chlorobenzene- 14 C with excess 2,2-dichloro-l-( o -, m -, and p -chlorophenyl)ethanols. The carbinols were prepared in good yields by reverse addition of the chlorophenyl Grignard reagent to dichloroacetaldehyde. Purity was determined by thin-layer and gas chromatography. The I.R., U.V., and NMR spectra of these compounds are discussed.
Epoxidation of bacterial polyesters with unsaturated side chains. III. Crosslinking of epoxidized polymers

The vinyl groups in the pendant substituents of a series of poly(3-hydroxyoctanoate-co-3-hydroxy-10-undecenoate)s, PHOUs, were completely converted into epoxide groups with m-chloroperbenzoic acid to produce a series of copolymers, poly(3-hydroxyoctanoate-co-3-hydroxy-10,11-epoxyundecenoate)s, PHOEs containing 5, 9, 14, and 22 mol % of epoxide repeating units. The epoxidized polymers were crosslinked by reactions with succinic anhydride, using 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole as an initiator, at 90°C during a period of 0.5-4 h. Mild conditions were used for the crosslinking reactions to prevent degradation or rearrangement reactions, and the extent of crosslinking was evaluated from the sol-gel content. Both T g and gel content increased after crosslinking, depending upon the amount of epoxide group in the initial PHOE sample. Kinetic parameters for the crosslinking reaction were determined by use of the Kissinger and the Ozawa methods. The activation energy (15.6-16.0 kcal/mol) for the crosslinking reaction was the same for each sample, and the frequency factors were of the same order of magnitude, regardless of epoxide group content in the PHOE. The values obtained from the Ozawa method were slightly higher than those obtained from the Kissinger method.
Use of principal components to aggregate rare variants in case-control and family-based association studies in the presence of multiple covariates.

Rare variants may help to explain some of the missing heritability of complex diseases. Technological advances in next-generation sequencing give us the opportunity to test this hypothesis. We propose two new methods (one for case-control studies and one for family-based studies) that combine aggregated rare variants and common variants located within a region through principal components analysis and allow for covariate adjustment. We analyzed 200 replicates consisting of 209 case subjects and 488 control subjects and compared the results to weight-based and step-up aggregation methods. The principal components and collapsing method showed an association between the gene FLT1 and the quantitative trait Q1 (P<10−30) in a fraction of the computation time of the other methods. The proposed family-based test has inconclusive results. The two methods provide a fast way to analyze simultaneously rare and common variants at the gene level while adjusting for covariates. However, further evaluation of the statistical efficiency of this approach is warranted.
The Biology of Paternal Care in Human and Nonhuman Primates

Among primates, intense paternal care is manifested in only a few distantly related species, including humans. Thus, neither purely phylogenetic nor socioecological hypotheses can explain its presence or the variability in the expression of paternal behaviors. Traditional theoretical models for the evolution of paternal care can now be reexamined, focusing on male-female interactions as a possible key to understanding parental strategies. At a proximate level, the existing evidence implies a common physiological substrate for both paternal behavior and pairbonds. Vasopressin, and perhaps prolactin and testosterone, apparently underlies the endocrinological bases of paternal care, and neuroanatomical reward pathways may be involved in the formation of attachment bonds. Understanding of the genetic structure of primate populations and the neurogenetics of social behavior is also emerging. A multidisciplinary approach that also considers epigenetic and transgenerational effects promises to open new avenues to explain the flexible nature of paternal care in primates.
A Unified Model of K- and $\pi $-mesons

On the foundation of an antecedent nonlinear meson field theory it is suggested that the pi -meson fields may be described in terms of collective motions of the Kmeson fields. A particular model of the K-nucleon interaction is considered whose collective pi -modes have symmetrical PV coupling with the nucleon system; parity is conserved to a great extent for the pi -nucleon system in the absence of strange particles. The direct K-nucleon interactions do not conserve parity; their sign and symmetry are qualitatively acceptable. The masses and coupling constants of the meson fields are determinate in terms of one universal coupling constant and a cut-off. The structure of this model suggests a natural way for the introduction of the spurion,' describing weak interactions that violate strangeness. (auth)
Programmed flowering of the F1 long-day strawberry cultivar ‘Elan’ with nitrogen and daylength manipulation

Consumer demand for locally grown, high quality strawberries is increasing even though California, Florida and Mexico provide a year-round source of strawberries for the world market. In most of the US, locally grown strawberries are only available for a short time in late spring from seasonal fruiting short-day cultivars thus off-season strawberry production is an attractive option for growers. Seed propagated hybrids such as ‘Elan’ are becoming more widely available and offer an alternative to often low yielding cultivars used for off-season production. To determine whether or not ‘Elan’ could be programmed to flower with photoperiod or nitrogen, seedlings were fertilized with either 100 or 800 ppm nitrogen for 4 weeks in September beginning one week after exposure to either short days, the natural photoperiod, or long days, the natural photoperiod supplemented with 24 hours of incandescent radiation. Plants were then greenhouse forced under both photoperiods and floral phenology evaluated. Elevated nitrogen during floral initiation in September enhanced and accelerated flowering and plants receiving elevated nitrogen during initiation under long days flowered more than any other treatment. To determine whether or not flowering could be enhanced a second time in the same plants, another 4 week period of elevated nitrogen was provided in December and plant phenology evaluated through mid-January. Elevated nitrogen (800 ppm) in December enhanced December and January flowering. Seedlings were conditioned with elevated nitrogen for a third time in late spring then field planted (early summer) on raised beds with white or black plastic mulch. Elevated nitrogen in late spring enhanced yield in field production. No effects of mulch color, initiation photoperiod or interaction of considered factors were detected. Flowering differences detected in greenhouse studies translated into differences observed in the production field suggesting programmed fruiting with elevated fertilization under field or greenhouse conditions would be feasible.
Review of Forum Non Conveniens and Immunity from Civil Suit

This article previews the issues and arguments in Van Cauwenberghe v. Biard, on the Supreme Court’s 1987-88 appellate docket. The issues in this case concern whether a trial judge's denial of two pre-trial motions are immediately appealable as exceptions to the final judgment rule, pursuant to the "collateral order" doctrine. The first ruling denied a motion to dismiss the case because it was brought in an inconvenient court. The second ruling rejected the claim that absolute immunity protected a foreign resident from a civil lawsuit because he was extradited to the United States to appear in a criminal prosecution.Leaving aside the fascinating question of why the federal court system allowed this lawsuit to proceed, this case presents two issues concerning the immediate appeal of a judge's rulings on pre-trial motions. This case implicates the doctrine of interlocutory appeal, a frequently-tilled corner of civil procedure. Hardly a term goes by that the Supreme Court does not rule on the immediate appealability of some particular trial ruling; indeed, this is the second case this term in which the Supreme Court will consider yet another nuance of interlocutory review. (See, Gulfstream Aerospace Corp. v. Mayacamas Corp.).Although the Supreme Court has not, to date, spoken on the appealability of a forum non conveniens denial, it has determined that a claim of immunity is immediately appealable under the collateral order doctrine (Mitchell v. Forsyth, 472 U.S. 511 (1985)). Moreover, in Mitchell, the Supreme Court extended this principle to a claim of qualified immunity as well. The Court has endorsed interlocutory appeal of a claim of immunity because it satisfies the three-prong collateral order test. First, a denial of immunity conclusively determines this disputed question because once a court has rejected the claim of a right to stand trial, no other steps can be taken to avoid the trial that the defendant maintained was barred. Second, a claim of immunity is "conceptually distinct" from the merits of the lawsuit; a claim of immunity is chiefly a question of law typically not coextensive with the facts implicated in the underlying dispute. Third, a denial of immunity is effectively lost and unreviewable if the case is erroneously permitted to proceed. The immunity claimed is an immunity to suit altogether, not merely a defense to liability.Unless he is hoping for an abandonment of this analysis, Biard has a tough position on the immunity issue. He has hobbled together a highly technical argument asserting that Van Cauwenberghe has mischaracterized the immunity issue, and that under international law principles any claimed immunity runs to governments rather than to individuals. Moreover, the right asserted is not an "important" one in the collateral order sense, because it is peculiar to Van Cauwenberghe's unusual situation and unlikely to recur. Finally, an immunity defense is reviewable after trial and "creative linguistics can twist virtually any defense into a right not to stand trial."
The Formal and Informal Venture Capital Industry

This article examines the nature and activity of the formal and informal venture capital industry. Combined, there is a pool of nearly $100 billion in formal and informal venture capital in this country that is available for investment in emerging growth businesses. Although traditionally venture capital investments were targeted to early stage - and often "high tech" - companies, there has been a growing tendency on the part of venture capitalists to invest in "low tech," later stage businesses as well as in LBOs. This article also examines the criteria used by venture capitalists in making investment decisions.
Coastal Power Corpus Christi: Ramping Down (C)

Can a company diminish employees mistrust and distress when downsizing? Is there such a thing as an "effective" workforce reduction process? In this disguised, yet actual case, Peter Morris, manager of Coastal Power Corpus Christi Plant (Bayland) in Texas, tells his team leaders that they had to cut their workforce 10%. Throughout the (A) case a close approximation of how the dialogue went in that meeting offers several ideas for the reduction that include: length of service, experience, outsourcing, covering the plant with a single electrician, and reducing one person from each operating unit. The case includes data for students to use to generate their own assessment of who should go and who should stay. At the end of the (A) case, Morris shared his plan and asked team leaders to generate a ranking sheet of skills they value, rate employees, and build a consensus among them on where plant workers should be placed on the list. In the (B) case the assessment tool is revealed and all plant workers are ranked to identify the bottom performing employees. They are fired. Then the (B) case adds a new twist when two weeks later, Morris stood in front of the remaining employees to hear their reactions. As he explains how criteria was developed, Morris committed to a plant wide process using the same criteria for everyone remaining employed at the plant--including team leaders. We learn in the (C) case that the second "all-hands" round of rankings was consistent with the team leaders rankings.
Chapter 13: Kansas Legislators and the Kansas Capital Press Corps: Good News and Bad

The Kansas Capital Press corps opened wide its news sluice during the latter part of the 1982 legislative session, flooding the state with word of the year's internally divided "do-nothing" legislature. It was a torrent of reports about ineffectual legislators. Delivery trucks rushed the bad news over streets and highways to newspaper subscribers. From their signal towers, the state's radio and television stations beamed it steadily into Kansans' homes. At times, the relentless flow of bad tidings seemed sure to sink the legislators' public image for good.
Review of Failure Probability Calculations for HFIR Primary Coolant System Piping

During July 2001, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory was requested by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Facilities Management, Office of Nuclear Energy, Science and Technology, Germantown, Maryland, to review calculations of piping failure probabilities for the High Flux Test Reactor (HFIR) located at and operated by the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). The objective of the failure probability calculations was to estimate the probabilities of large leaks (>1500 gpm) that are of sufficient size to disable the primary coolant system of HFIR to the extent that there is a potential for core damage. PNNL reviewed the computational methods and the inputs to the calculations along with an evaluation of potential failure mechanisms not explicitly addressed by the ORNL calculations. The review concluded that the calculated failure probabilities even with consideration of uncertainties in the calculations and of other potential failure mechanisms provide a high level of confidence that failure frequencies are less than the stated goal of 10-6 piping failures per year.
A Lens Model Approach to the Communication of Pain

Two studies examined the expression and detection of suppressed, genuine, and exaggerated pain. In Study 1, videotaped participants underwent an acute laboratory pain stressor and completed pain ratings. In Study 2, the lens model examined the cues encoders displayed while in pain (facial expressions of pain and viewers' global impressions), the cues decoders used to infer pain in the videotaped encoders, and decoders' accuracy in making judgments of pain. Results revealed expression differences between the suppressed, genuine, and exaggerated pain such that exaggerated expressions contained more tightened facial expressions while genuine expressions of pain contained more open facial expressions of pain. Decoders were accurate at detecting pain only in the exaggerated pain expressions. These results highlight the need for improving providers' accuracy in detecting pain intensity for suppressed, genuine, and exaggerated pain displays. Trainings should focus on teaching providers that patients who appear more agitated and less composed may be suppressing pain, while patients who appear more tense and determined may be exaggerating pain. Finally, patients who seem to not be in that much pain because they are not showing tightened facial expressions may actually be experiencing higher intensities of genuine pain.
Artificial Oviposition Sphere for Mediterranean Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Field Cages

Colored, polyethylene plastic balls were modified to serve as oviposition devices for a laboratory strain of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), in the laboratory and the field. In outdoor field cages, large balls (100 mm diameter) yielded significantly more eggs than small balls (25 mm diameter) for all four colors tested (black, red, yellow, and blue). Blue and yellow balls yielded fewer eggs than black or red balls for small and medium (50 mm diameter) sizes, whereas numbers oviposited in black, red, and yellow spheres were not significantly different for numbers laid in the large size. Twice as many eggs were laid into large balls when guava juice was used as an attractant as compared with water. Large black or red balls with guava juice gave roughly as many eggs as did ‘Golden Delicious’ apples, and three times as many eggs as did ‘Red Delicious’ apples. Laboratory flies oviposited three times as many eggs into large yellow balls with guava juice as did wild flies reared in fruit.
Immunoregulatory Effects of Stored Red Blood Cells

Some clinical studies have identified potential adverse patient outcomes associated with RBC storage length. This may in part be due to the release of potentially hazardous bioactive products that accumulate during storage and are delivered at high concentrations during transfusion. In this situation, a proinflammatory tissue microenvironment may be established that can alter immunoregulatory mechanisms. This review highlights some of the potential immunomodulatory effects of stored RBCs that may be responsible for adverse transfusion reactions.
Thermodynamics of The Pd43Ni10Cu27P20 Bulk Metallic Glass Forming Alloy

The thermodynamics of the bulk metallic glass forming Pd43Ni10Cu27P20 alloy were investigated with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The specific heat capacity of the undercooled liquid with respect to the crystalline mixture was measured in the DSC simultaneously with the enthalpy of crystallization over the entire supercooled liquid region. The enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs free energy change between the liquid and the crystalline mixture was determined from the specific heat capacity data. The calculated enthalpy function closely matched the enthalpies of crystallization that were measured in the DSC, which verifies the validity of the thermodynamic model used. A small Gibbs free energy difference between undercooled liquid and crystalline mixture was found for decreasing temperature in Pd43Ni10Cu27P20 when compared to other glass forming alloys. This reflects a small driving force for crystallization when undercooling this alloy and is the main contributing factor for its high glass forming ability.
The Evolving Role of Preoperative Testing in Vascular Surgery Patients Can a Little Knowledge Be Dangerous

It has been traditionally recommended that candidates for vascular surgery receive noninvasive stress perfusion testing risk stratification to help decide which patients may benefit from coronary artery revascularization. Recent clinical trials have contested the efficacy of revascularization in this population as well as the information yield of noninvasive testing. This article reviews a number of these studies that are likely to change our beliefs regarding testing and subsequent interventions as well as evolving role of medical therapy in patients undergoing vascular surgery.
The structure of public opinion on crime policy: Evidence from seven Caribbean nations

A long tradition of research has examined public opinion on crime policy. Much of this research focuses on identifying the determinants and correlates of public opinion; few studies have examined t...
SEIMC's and the teacher of children with learning disabilities. A useful partnership.

1. The present state of affairs in the field of learning disabilities suggests that a practitioner in this area be eclectic.2. Being eclectic requires an intimate knowledge of what is currently ava...
Beyond the ballot box: age-at-arrival, civic institutions and political participation among Latinos

ABSTRACTSociologists mostly treat age-at-arrival as a dichotomous variable whereas economists often approach it as a continuous variable. This article extends this debate by addressing a set of political behaviours that has mostly been the purview of political scientists. Analysing restricted, geocoded data from the National Survey of Latinos on Politics and Civic Participation, this article examines how age-at-arrival and civic institutions shape political participation among Latino immigrants. Logistic regression and random effects models suggest three key findings. First, age-at-arrival has a strong impact on participation, with child arrivals showing the highest level of participation and midlife arrivals reporting the lowest level of participation. Second, there are no ethnic differences in the likelihood of participating in non-electoral politics among Latinos. Third, involvements with civic institutions significantly shape political participation, confirming these institutions’ potential role in cu...
Involving subject librarians in batchloading

The University at Albany developed a batchloading workflow, which included subject librarians in an activity usually reserved for technical services librarians. While batchloading reduces backlogs by increasing productivity, the proliferation of vendor MARC and OCLC MARC creates its own backlog of files waiting to be loaded. Bringing subject librarians and a collection development perspective into the process helps set priorities for dealing with this new backlog, as well as serving to uncover hidden collections.
DER AUFSTIEG DER AMEISEN

Ohne eine Betrachtung der Entwicklungsgeschichte kann man kein biologisches Phanomen uneingeschrankt verstehen. Aus diesem Grund wollen wir die immense Diversitat der Ameisen nun aus phylogenetischer und okologischer Sicht darstellen. Zugute kommen uns hierbei die umfangreichen Fossilbelege. Einige der wesentlichsten Bestandteile dieser Funde wurden erst vor kurzem entdeckt und analysiert.
GPR to image subsurface characteristics of icy debris fans in New Zealand and Alaska

Icy debris fans have recently been described as deglaciation features on Earth, however, the subsurface characteristics remain unknown. We used ground penetrating radar (GPR) to non-invasively investigate the subsurface characteristics of icy debris fans. The focus of this work is two fans, one on the McCarthy Glacier, Alaska, USA and one on the La Perouse Glacier, South Island of New Zealand. Icy debris fans are a largely unexplored paraglacial landform and processes in alpine regions. GPR profiles and wide angle reflection/refraction (WARR) soundings were used to determine the subsurface geometry of the fans. We report here on: GPR profiles collected to evaluate antenna orientation on the observed subsurface reflections; the effect of spreading direction of the WARR soundings relative to topographic contour; observed differences between Transverse Electric (TE) and Transverse Magnetic (TM) common mid-point (CMP) soundings; GPR signal velocity of the subsurface from WARR soundings; and an axial and transverse GPR profile of the icy debris fan on the McCarthy glacier. The WARR soundings indicate little velocity variation from surface material to depths of 53 m within the icy debris fans. GPR profiles indicate that the shallowest material is layered, decreases thickness down fan, and does not have brittle failure planes (cracks & crevasses).