cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Oral anticoagulation for atrial fibrillation after ST-elevation myocardial infarction: new evidence to guide clinical practice.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) in the setting of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is estimated to occur in up to 20% of patients, depending on the population studied.1–3 The development of AF during hospitalization for STEMI is associated with a significant increase in both in-hospital and short-term mortality (odds ratio, 1.4 to 1.98).3 Predictors of developing AF include increased age, magnitude of creatine kinase elevation, Killip class, anterior location of infarction, left ventricular dysfunction, and both hypertension and hypotension. Those patients who develop AF during their hospitalization have a worse prognosis than those who present with AF on admission.1 Even in the fibrinolytic era, stroke rates are increased in STEMI patients with AF.4 Article p 3225 Clinical trials have addressed the efficacy of oral anticoagulation (OAC) in patients with AF but without STEMI,5 and other studies have addressed the efficacy of OAC in post-STEMI patients. There are, however, no randomized controlled trials of OAC with or without antiplatelet therapy specifically in the cohort that includes patients with both STEMI and AF. In the Warfarin, Aspirin, Reinfarction Study (WARIS II) of 3630 MI patients, high-intensity warfarin (international normalized ratio [INR], 2.8 to 4.2) was compared with medium-intensity warfarin (INR, 2 to 2.5) plus aspirin (ASA) 75 mg and with ASA 160 mg alone in patients <75 years of age.6 There was a 29% reduction in the rate of the composite end point of death, nonfatal reinfarction, or thromboembolic stroke in the combined group and a 19% reduction in the high-intensity group versus ASA alone group. The benefit, however, resulted from a reduction in nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI) and nonfatal stroke. The WARIS II investigators did not …
The Optimal Taxation of Income From International Investment: A Geometric Analysis

This paper examines how a capital-exporting country should tax foreign investment Income when saving is variable and the goal is to maximize global welfare. Other Recent studies have assumed either that countries cooperate to achieve this goal, or that they act unilaterally to maximize the national benefit. The present paper returns to the framework used by earlier authors, in which the capital-exporting country acts unilaterally and takes foreign tax rates as given. Unlike the previous studies, it is found that if the capital-exporting country's investments do not alter foreign rates of return, the optimal tax structure may involve higher taxes for foreign than for domestic investment income. H21,H87]
An improved laser-Rayleigh scattering photodetection system

An improved photodetection system for high resolution laser-Rayleigh scattering measurements has been developed that utilizes a solid state detector coupled to a custom-designed, low-noise, transimpedance amplifier. The resulting system, based on a PIN photodiode is less expensive, inherently safer, less delicate and, depending on the detected light level, may exhibit higher signal-to-noise ratios than photodetection systems based on photomultiplier tubes. The frequency response of the system was designed to be uniform (3% peak variation) from DC to nearly 100 kHz. Concentration fluctuation spectra of a high scattering cross-section label (jet fluid) gas discharging into a density-matched, low scattering cross-section quiescent reservoir gas were measured using this system. Spectral signal-to-noise ratios as high as 7 decades were achieved under some conditions in parts of the spectrum.
The Role of African American Folk Beliefs in the Modern Therapeutic Process

In response to a need for more cultural competency in indigenous practices, this article examines folk beliefs and healing practices in African American culture from theoretical, clinical, and practical perspectives. Four empirically derived culture-specific factors—spirituality, ritual, power of words, and dreams—are presented as themes often embedded in African American clients’ narratives. A clinical case example illustrates the use of narrative therapy as an approach in therapy with a depressed client who subscribes to a folk belief system. Finally, interview questions and suggestions are given concerning how to better incorporate African American folk beliefs and healing practices in counseling and psychotherapy.
Morphology of the Esophagus

Barium esophagography is an invaluable radiologic technique for detecting a host of morphologic abnormalities in the esophagus. Double-contrast barium studies are particularly well suited for diagnosing reflux esophagitis and its complications, including peptic strictures and Barrett’s esophagus. Double-contrast esophagography is also useful for detecting infectious esophagitis and for differentiating the underlying causes, including Candida albicans, the herpes simplex virus, cytomegalovirus, and human immunodeficiency virus. Barium studies can also facilitate the diagnosis of drug-induced esophagitis, eosinophilic esophagitis, and other less common forms of esophagitis. In patients with dysphagia, barium esophagography is a sensitive test for detecting the two common malignant tumors of the esophagus—squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. Finally, esophagography can be used to diagnose other morphologic abnormalities in the esophagus, including webs, rings, diverticula, varices, foreign body impactions, fistulas, and perforation. All of these conditions are discussed in the following chapter.
Brazil and Mexico—Partners in sowing a free trade area of the Americas

The second half of 2000 brought renewed interest to the Free Trade Agreement of the Americas (FTAA). This hemispheric economic integration initiative presents numerous opportunities and challenges for each of the 34 countries involved in unifying markets across the Americas. The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and Mercosur, the region's two largest trading blocs, play a vital role in any attempt to integrate Latin American markets. Integration under Mercosur has strengthened the position of member countries—especially Brazil, which is a choice location for foreign direct investment and has realized a significant growth in extra-Mercosur trade. The newly elected Mexican president, Vicente Fox, has demonstrated a strong desire to bring Mexico to the forefront of hemispheric trade negotiations and brings a new dynamic to integration of Latin American markets and to the FTAA initiative. This article elaborates on the role of the two largest Latin American economies and the United States in the creation and solidification of a hemispheric trading bloc in the Americas. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Tilorone Determination in a Corneal Biopsy

Tilorone, an anti-tumor agent presently under investigation, appeared to be associated with corneal opacities. Attempts to measure levels o! this drug in tissues from the eye required techniques of hiqh sensitivity. A~Dlications of ultraviolet spectrophotometry, thin-layer chromatography (TLC), highpressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas-liquid chromatography (GLC), and gas chromatography/mess spectrometry (GC/MS) to this drug are described. Tilorone was ultimately determined by GC/MS using selected ion monitoring (SlM).
Pressure-Volume Correlates of Left Ventricular Oxygen Consumption in the Hypervolemic Dog

Volume changes in the intact functioning canine left ventricle were induced by whole blood infusion and were measured by the thermodilution technic. Multiple regression analyses were performed to detect significant correlations between hemodynamic variables and left ventricular oxygen consumption. Hemodynamic variables, in addition to the pressure-time integral, ventricular volume, and ventricular work, included estimates of myocardial stress, force, and shortening. The most significant individual correlates of oxygen consumption were the pressure-time integral ( r =0.91) and ventricular end systolic volume ( r =0.81), whereas the interaction of volume with pressure-time, thus approximating wall stress and force, was the most significant variable overall (r=0.93). A number of multiple linear regression models were tested for the prediction of ventricular oxygen consumption. The equation (model E) with the greatest multiple regression coefficient (R=0.947) included heart rate, pressure-time per beat, pressure-time per minute, end systolic volume, and (end systolic volume)2/3 as independent variables. A less elaborate regression equation including only pressure-time per minute and end systolic volume as independent variables was, however, nearly as accurate as model E in the prediction of oxygen consumption. The addition of estimates of left ventricular work and shortening to these regression models did not further improve the ability to predict oxygen consumption accurately. The relationships between these hemodynamic variables and ventricular oxygen consumption were not altered by pericardiotomy or catecholamine depletion. In the hypervolumic heart acute ventricular dilatation did not occur following pericardiotomy. The results of this study confirm the postulate that an increase in ventricular volume, as well as pressure, will be accompanied by an increase in ventricular oxygen consumption. This in turn implies a relationship between the wall stress or force generated by the myocardium and the energy requirement of contraction.
Zero clock skew synchronization with rotary clocking technology

Rotary clocking is a resonant clocking technology that provides a low-power, low-jitter clock signal with controllable skew. Due to the ?rotary? traveling of the clock signal on the ring interconnect, each location on the rotary ring network leads to a different clock phase. Consequently, one of the features of the rotary clocking technology is the inherent non-zero clock skew operation. In this paper, it is shown that zero clock skew circuits can also be efficiently implemented with rotary clock synchronization. Design automation experiments are performed to demonstrate that the zero clock skew operation can be achieved with minimal change in the performance of rotary clock operation. In particular, a marginal ±1.5% change in the tapping wirelength is reported in experiments on R1?R5 benchmark circuits.
Vinberg’s representations and arithmetic invariant theory

Recently, Bhargava and others have proved very striking results about the average size of Selmer groups of Jacobians of algebraic curves over ℚ as these curves are varied through certain natural families. Their methods center around the idea of counting integral points in coregular representations, whose rational orbits can be shown to be related to Galois cohomology classes for the Jacobians of these algebraic curves. In this paper we construct for each simply laced Dynkin diagram a coregular representation (G,V) and a family of algebraic curves over the geometric quotient V∕∕G. We show that the arithmetic of the Jacobians of these curves is related to the arithmetic of the rational orbits of G. In the case of type A2, we recover the correspondence between orbits and Galois cohomology classes used by Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer and later by Bhargava and Shankar in their works concerning the 2-Selmer groups of elliptic curves over ℚ.
Sex trafficking and the exploitation of adolescents

Human trafficking affects a surprisingly large number of adolescents around the globe. Women and girls make up the majority of sex trafficking victims. Nurses must be aware of sex trafficking as a form of sexual violence in the adolescent population. Nurses can play a role in identifying, intervening, and advocating for victims of human trafficking as they currently do for patients that are the victims of other types of violent crimes.
Counselor Educator Nonverbal Behavior in the Supervision Process

Sixteen counselor educators and counselors-in-training participated in a content analysis study that investigated supervisors' nonverbal behaviors in the supervision process. The investigation displays the high-to-low frequency of 21 identified nonverbal behaviors of supervisors and indicates a statistically significant association and consistency among the supervisors' nonverbal behaviors. It implies the applicability of these behaviors to counselor supervision and training, provides a methodological approach for the further investigation of nonverbal behavior in actual supervision and counseling situations, and suggests that counselor educators should not overlook these variables in systematic research or their influence in the supervision process with novice counselors.
Relationships between rainfall rate, attenuation, and reflectivity at 14 and 35 GHz frequencies

The specific attenuation and reflectivity factors are simulated at 14, and 35 GHz frequencies from disdrometer measured raindrop spectra. Scatter plots showing their relationships with the simulated rainfall rates are presented. Power fits to these relationships are also presented for drop size distributions measured at three different geographical locations around the world.
Msx1 and Msx2 regulate survival of secondary heart field precursors and post-migratory proliferation of cardiac neural crest in the outflow tract

Abstract Msx1 and Msx2 are highly conserved, Nk-related homeodomain transcription factors that are essential for a variety of tissue–tissue interactions during vertebrate organogenesis. Here we show that combined deficiencies of Msx1 and Msx2 cause conotruncal anomalies associated with malalignment of the cardiac outflow tract (OFT). Msx1 and Msx2 play dual roles in outflow tract morphogenesis by both protecting secondary heart field (SHF) precursors against apoptosis and inhibiting excessive proliferation of cardiac neural crest, endothelial and myocardial cells in the conotruncal cushions. During incorporation of SHF precursors into the OFT myocardium, ectopic apoptosis in the Msx1−/−; Msx2−/− mutant SHF is associated with reduced expression of Hand1 and Hand2, which from work on Hand1 and Hand2 mutants may be functionally important in the inhibition of apoptosis in Msx1/2 mutants. Later during aorticopulmonary septation, excessive proliferation in the OFT cushion mesenchyme and myocardium of Msx1−/−; Msx2−/− mutants is associated with premature down-regulation of p27KIP1, an inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases. Diminished accretion of SHF precursors to the elongating OFT myocardium and excessive accumulation of mesenchymal cells in the conotruncal cushions may work together to perturb the rotation of the truncus arteriosus, leading to OFT malalignment defects including double-outlet right ventricle, overriding aorta and pulmonary stenosis.
Dinoflagellate cysts from the upper Campanian Pierre Shale and Bearpaw Shale of the U.S. Western Interior

The Upper Cretaceous Pierre Shale and Bearpaw Shale contain rich assemblages of dinoflagellates. We analyzed nine samples from the Baculites compressus – B. cuneatus Zones in Montana, South Dakota, and Colorado. According to the ammonite zonation of the Western Interior of North America, these zones represent the middle part of the upper Campanian. Dinoflagellate cysts include Alterbidinium acutulum, Cordosphaeridium fibrospinosum, Hystrichodinium pulchrum, Isabelidinium cooksoniae, Laciniadinium firmum , members of the Microdinium group Odontochitina operculata, Oligosphaeridium pulcherrimum, Palaeohystrichophora infusorioides, Palaeoperidinium pyrophorum, Phelodinium tricuspe , members of the Spiniferites group, Spongodinium delitiense , and Xenascus ceratioides . Variation in species composition among samples may indicate slight differences in environment and/or age. The environment and proximity of samples to the paleoshoreline was evaluated based on the ratio of marine to terrestrial palynomorphs and the relative abundance of dinoflagellate cysts versus other organic-walled remains. Our results suggest that the samples from Colorado were deposited in a nearshore environment, the samples from southwestern South Dakota and Montana in an offshore environment, and the sample from eastern South Dakota in an offshore environment far from shore. These results agree with previous interpretations about the position of the shoreline based on the distribution of litho- and biofacies.
Design of a header processor for the PSi implementation of the logical link control protocol in LANs

Fiber optic communications offer a combination of high bandwidth, low error probability, and gigabit transmission capacity. To take advantage of the data transmission rates offered by a fiber optic transmission medium, it is essential to have network processing components that can cope with these rates. One approach to removing the protocol processing bottleneck present in network layers is the PSi architecture. PSi consists of header, connection, and output processors. In this paper, we design a RISC architecture for the PSi header processor. The architecture consists of a two stage pipeline microprogrammed processor with a clock frequency of 50 Megahertz and a throughput of one million packets per second. The specific protocol for which this processor was microprogrammed is the Logical Link Control IEEE 802.2 protocol for LANs. >
Population Demographics of the Florida Bog Frog (Lithobates okaloosae)

Conservation of a target species is often hindered by the absence of basic demographic information. Lithobates [Rana] okaloosae (Florida Bog Frog) was discovered in 1982 and occupies only three counties in northwest Florida, with its geographic range occurring almost exclusively on Eglin Air Force Base. This limited distribution has led to the listing of the Florida Bog Frog as a species of special concern in Florida. We used a mark-recapture approach to 1) estimate population sizes and densities of male Florida Bog Frogs at four sites; 2) estimate recapture rates of males among sites, within years, and between years; 3) examine the relationship between male body condition and residency time in breeding sites; and 4) examine the variation in male body condition across sites. Florida Bog Frog population sizes and densities differed among sites, but not across years. Recapture rates were high within a breeding season but low between years, suggesting that males have high site fidelity and survival rates during the breeding season, but that annual mortality or dispersal rates are high. Lastly, body condition of males did not differ across sites or affect residency time during the breeding season. Understanding basic demographics of this species will aid future conservation efforts and management decisions.
Ultrahigh-Bandwidth WDM Signal Integrity in Silicon-on-Insulator Nanowire Waveguides

We measure signal degradation from interchannel crosstalk of ultrahigh-bandwidth signals in silicon-on-insulator waveguides, and single-channel power penalty over a range of injection powers. The results validate the suitability of silicon-based nanowire interconnects for broadband WDM networks.
The Need for a Cognitive Neuroscience of Naturalistic Social Cognition

Understanding the minds of others is one of the great challenges humans face. Accordingly, much work in cognitive neuroscience has explored the brain systems engaged when perceivers share and make inferences about the internal states of social targets. These studies, however, typically use divergent and highly simplified stimuli and methods and as a consequence have produced largely non-overlapping sets of results and artificially constrained theories about the processes involved in perceivers' abilities to understand targets. Here we suggest that these difficulties may stem from two main sources: the lack of meaningful behavioral data about the brain bases of perceivers' accuracy in inferring target states and qualitative differences between the social stimuli used in neuroimaging paradigms and the social information perceivers encounter in the real world. We advocate more focus on studies of naturalistic social cognition, which could overcome these limitations and complement current approaches, and discuss work in our laboratory that has demonstrated the feasibility and utility of such a focus. Finally, we discuss the relevance of naturalistic social cognition to diagnosing and treating autism spectrum disorder. Overall, using naturalistic paradigms in neuroimaging will be critical to modeling the way the brain actually understands other minds.
Layering as Optimization Decomposition: A Mathematical Theory of Network Architectures

Network protocols in layered architectures have historically been obtained on an ad hoc basis, and many of the recent cross-layer designs are also conducted through piecemeal approaches. Network protocol stacks may instead be holistically analyzed and systematically designed as distributed solutions to some global optimization problems. This paper presents a survey of the recent efforts towards a systematic understanding of layering as optimization decomposition, where the overall communication network is modeled by a generalized network utility maximization problem, each layer corresponds to a decomposed subproblem, and the interfaces among layers are quantified as functions of the optimization variables coordinating the subproblems. There can be many alternative decompositions, leading to a choice of different layering architectures. This paper surveys the current status of horizontal decomposition into distributed computation, and vertical decomposition into functional modules such as congestion control, routing, scheduling, random access, power control, and channel coding. Key messages and methods arising from many recent works are summarized, and open issues discussed. Through case studies, it is illustrated how layering as Optimization Decomposition provides a common language to think about modularization in the face of complex, networked interactions, a unifying, top-down approach to design protocol stacks, and a mathematical theory of network architectures
Food Stamp Program Participation and Food Insecurity: An Instrumental Variables Approach

The relationship between Food Stamp Program (FSP) participation and household food insecurity (FI) is investigated using data from the 1996–1997 National Food Stamp Program Survey. Endogeneity of FSP participation is accommodated with an instrumental variables approach. In contrast to other findings reported in the literature, results suggest participation in the FSP reduces the severity of FI. Sociodemographic variables play important roles in FSP participation and FI. Underreporting of FSP participation and limited observations of food-insecure households in previous studies may have also been factors. Copyright 2008, Oxford University Press.
Monitoring, analysis, and testing of deployed software

Modern software is increasingly ubiquitous, commoditized, and (dynamically) configurable. Moreover, such software often must be able to operate in a varied set of heterogeneous environments. Because this software can behave very differently in different environments and configurations, it is difficult to assess his quality purely in-house, outside the actual time and context in which the software executes. Consequently, developers are often unaware of how their systems actually behave in the field and how their maintenance activities affect such behavior, as shown by the countless number of incidents experienced by users because of untested behaviors. On the bright side, the complexity of today's computing infrastructure and of modern software also provides software engineers with new opportunities to address these problems. The ability to collect field data---data on the runtime behavior of deployed programs---can provide developers with unprecedented insight into the behavior of their deployed systems. We believe that the collection and analysis of field data can provide disruptive advances in the state of the art in software engineering. In this paper, we discuss our vision and a research agenda that can help fulfill such vision.
Pediatric telephone triage protocols: standardized decisionmaking or a false sense of security?

Abstract Study objective: To determine whether implementation of a set of standardized pediatric telephone triage protocols results in consistent triage dispositions when applied by different operators. Methods: A descriptive study with interrater comparisons was performed. Telephone interviews simulated the setting of a triage station in a university hospital–based pediatric emergency department. A mock parent presented 15 standardized respiratory cases in random order to 12 pediatric ED nurses. Nurses assigned patients' complaints to severity categories using 9 respiratory complaint protocols extracted from a commercially available pediatric telephone triage tool. Protocol selection and severity endpoints were recorded. Interobserver agreement among nurses was analyzed by the κ statistic. Comparisons of operator characteristics and triage results were carried out by ANOVA. Results: Interrater agreement in triage disposition among nurses was poor (κ, .11; 95% confidence interval, .02 to .20). Protocol selection varied; the group used a mean of 3 different disposition-generating protocols per case. Disposition also varied, with up to 4 different severity endpoints per protocol in a given case. A post-hoc comparison of the mean disposition severity between nurses did not reach significance at an adjusted level ( P =.04). Fifty-eight percent of the nurses felt confined by the protocols, and 42% admitted to at least 1 intentional deviation from them. Conclusion: It may not simply be assumed that the use of protocols will standardize care. This is particularly important in the case of triage, with current trends toward medical decisionmaking by less skilled providers with diminishing patient contact. Although triage protocols may be useful to guide clinical thinking, their consistency must be validated before they may be safely disseminated for general use. [Wachter DA, Brillman JC, Lewis J, Sapien RE: Pediatric telephone triage protocols: Standardized decisionmaking or a false sense of security? Ann Emerg Med April 1999;33:388-394.]
There Is No Wild

This paper documents the discourse used by contemporary circuses to justify their exploitation of nonhuman animals. The circus is undergoing redefinition due to cultural changes, animal welfare concerns, and political legislation. Critical Discourse Analysis is applied to a sample of articles ( N = 128) on animals in circuses published in US newspapers and magazines from 2007 to 2012. Analyses revealed that circus discourse attempts to (a) promote the circus as an ecologically important endeavor, (b) minimize the differences between human and nonhuman animals, (c) naturalize culturally induced behavior, (d) assert that captivity is preferable to the wild, and (e) collapse domesticity and wildness. These discursive strategies serve to legitimize, naturalize, and produce consent for the use of nonhuman animals in circuses. Furthermore, circus discourse conceptualizes nature and culture in ways that are ideologically significant and detrimental to the promotion of a conservation mindset.
IMPACT OF CROP CONDITION REPORTS ON NATIONAL AND LOCAL WHEAT MARKETS

The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) releases crop condition reports detailing crop progress and growing conditions for various crops including corn, soybeans, and winter wheat. Previous research has investigated market impacts from various USDA reports, but crop condition reports have received little attention. This article investigates the impact of crop condition reports on winter wheat prices at the national level and for a local market. We employ both parametric and nonparametric tests. Results suggest that crop condition reports for winter wheat do not generally affect market prices. This contrasts with results found in corn and soybean markets.
Blockade von RAGE fördert die Leberregeneration nach subtotaler Hepatektomie

Receptor for AGE (RAGE), a multiligand member of the immunoglobulin superfamily, interacts with ligands released from activated inflammatory cells, Amphoterin and EN-RAGES (the latter members of the S100/Calgranulin family of proinflammatory cytokines, to propagate inflammatory responses, thereby leading to excessive cellular activation and tissue damage. Activation of RAGE has been demonstrated to contribute to cell injury in both chronic (diabetes, Alzheimers) and acute (endotoxin) injury models. Our previous studies in rats suggested that subtotal hepatectomy is associated with progressive inflammatory injury to the small hepatic remnant. Since stress increases both expression of RAGE and presence of ist natural ligands, S100/calgranulins and amphoterin, we hypothesized that increased RAGE expression is associated with increased inflammatory response and decreased survival after massive hepatectomy. We proposed that receptor blockade would limit injury and might prolong survival after massive hepatectomy in mice. Although examination of remnant tissue revealed no increase in RAGE expression by immunoblotting after 70% hepatectomy, a significant increase in RAGE expression after 85% hepatectomy was observed at 24 hours. Immunoblotting revealed selective expression of S100 and amphoterin in the hepatic remnant after 85%, not 70%, hepatectomy. We administered sRAGE, the extracellular domain of RAGE that binds ligands and prevents activation of cell surface receptor, or vehicle (saline) to mice undergoing 85% hepatectomy.
Bureuacracy, Democracy and Judicial Review: The Uneasy Coexistence of Legal, Managerial and Political Accountability

Judicial review of bureaucratic decision making is simultaneously ubiquitous and contestable. The ubiquity of judicial review of the legality of administrative actions has two foundations. First, democratic governance presumes that officials are the servants of the people, and for that normative proposition to be true, "the people" must be able to hold officials accountable for their actions. But, judicial review is not the only accountability mechanism available. Its ubiquity requires, therefore, a second factual predicate - the incapacity of other accountability mechanisms to ensure that officials serve rather than rule. No functioning democracy worthy of the name has found the primary alternative accountability mechanisms, political or managerial control, adequate to the task of sustaining democratic accountability. For this reason "democracy" and the "rule of law" have become inextricably linked, with judicial review as the keystone of the legal accountability system. Notwithstanding its prominent place in modern democratic governance, judicial review of administrative action remains continuously contestable. Complaints of the incompetence, impertinence or irrelevance of judicial review are at least as common as praise of judicial review's efficacy. The reasons for judicial review's contestability are the mirror image of the reasons for it's ubiquity. Judicial review of administrative action simultaneously supports other accountability mechanisms that bolster democratic governance and undermines them. The institution of judicial review of administrative action is, indeed, rife with paradox. It supports democratic governance by making officials accountable to unelected judges. It protects individual rights while simultaneously ensuring state control. It legitimizes expert, bureaucratic administrative judgment by subjecting that judgment to review by bodies who often have limited knowledge of either the technical data upon which administrative action is premised or the concrete situations within which particular bureaucracies must function. The puzzle of judicial review of administrative action, therefore, is just this: how can such a necessary feature of modern democratic governance be accommodated to the demands of both effective administration and democracy itself? My approach to this puzzle is to view judicial review of administrative action as part of a broader question of governmental design in modern democracies, that is, how to make administration simultaneously managerially effective and politically responsive. But, this is a design problem that can only be managed, not solved. For, it entails maintaining an appropriate balance among competing forms of accountability in states committed to democracy, but constrained by the demands of efficacy and by the brute facts of social, political and economic complexity.
Superadiabatic control of quantum operations

Adiabatic pulses are used extensively to enable robust control of quantum operations. We introduce an approach to adiabatic control that uses the superadiabatic quality factor as a performance metric to design robust, high-fidelity pulses. This approach permits the systematic design of quantum control schemes to maximize the adiabaticity of a unitary operation in a particular time interval given the available control resources. The interplay between adiabaticity, fidelity, and robustness of the resulting pulses is examined for the case of single-qubit inversion, and superadiabatic pulses are demonstrated to have improved robustness to control errors. A numerical search strategy is developed to find a broader class of adiabatic operations, including multiqubit adiabatic unitaries. We illustrate the utility of this search strategy by designing control waveforms that adiabatically implement a two-qubit entangling gate for a model NMR system.
On-Road Trajectory Planning for General Autonomous Driving with Enhanced Tunability

In order to achieve smooth autonomous driving in real-life urban and highway environments, a motion planner must generate trajectories that are locally smooth and responsive (reactive), and at the same time, far-sighted and intelligent (deliberative). Prior approaches achieved both planning qualities for full-speed-range operations at a high computational cost. Moreover, the planning formulations were mostly a trajectory search problem based on a single weighted cost, which became hard to tune and highly scenario-constrained due to overfitting. In this paper, a pipelined (phased) framework with tunable planning modules is proposed for general on-road motion planning to reduce the computational overhead and improve the tunability of the planner.
Betwixt and Between Collaborative Online Spaces: Editing and Publishing a Collection of Essays

For the past year, my co-editors and I collaborated online as we went through the workflow of editing a collection of essays on the topic of “Generation X” experiences of librarianship.1 While two of us live in the same region—the Southeast—we are separated by 283 miles. Driving six hours oneway to discuss editorial decisions that can be handled more efficiently, and on the cheap via free online collaboration tools was not an option. The fact that the third member of our editorial team lived 1,056 miles north was also a consideration. We discussed meeting at conference of the American Library Association, but schedules were tight and not everyone could attended the conference. To deal with these factors, we explored several online tools that could allow us to collaborate on our project and bring it to fruition: Wikispaces, Manymoon, Google Wave, DimDim, and Google Docs.
Success Factors of Online Petitions: Evidence from Change.org

Online petitions have emerged to become a powerful tool for the public to make positive impact on the society. This paper investigates what factors in the text content of online petitions influence their chance of success. Specifically, we examine moral, emotional, and cognitive elements in the petition language and identify their role in making online petitions successful. From the analysis of 12,808 online petitions from Change.org, we found that petitions containing positive emotions are more likely to be successful. In contrast to conventional beliefs, petitions containing heavier moral and cognitive elements are less likely to be successful. The findings have important implications to both petition websites and petitioners.
Study preferences for exemplar variability in self-regulated category learning

ABSTRACTIncreasing exemplar variability during category learning can enhance classification of novel exemplars from studied categories. Four experiments examined whether participants preferred variability when making study choices with the goal of later classifying novel exemplars. In Experiments 1–3, participants were familiarised with exemplars of birds from multiple categories prior to making category-level assessments of learning and subsequent choices about whether to receive more variability or repetitions of exemplars during study. After study, participants classified novel exemplars from studied categories. The majority of participants showed a consistent preference for variability in their study, but choices were not related to category-level assessments of learning. Experiment 4 provided evidence that study preferences were based primarily on theoretical beliefs in that most participants indicated a preference for variability on questionnaires that did not include prior experience with exemplars...
Leaf Feeding Ratings for Evaluating Insecticidal Control of Southwestern Corn Borer in Artificially Infested Plots

Applications of 3.37 and 4.49 kg/ha of carbofuran at planting time were effective for controlling Diatraea grandiosella (Dyar) for 51 days after planting. An application of AC 64,475 (diethyl 1,3-dithietan-2-ylidenephosphoramidate) at 1.12 kg/ha was effective for 37 days. Correlations of leaf-feeding damage to avg number of insects per plant, to avg number of tunnels per plant, and to avg total length of tunnels per plant were 0.89, 0.89, and 0.86, repsectively.
The Relationship between Shelf Space and Unit Sales in Supermarkets

In studying the impact of shelf space changes on unit sales, space elasticity was hypothesized to be a function of several product-specific variables, including physical properties, merchandising c...
The location of the mental functions of the brain.

Evidence both from the literature and from my own cases indicates that dementia (or confusion) is produced from the region of the thalamus and from no other part of the brain. A number of variable complicating factors are found to account for the various clinical pictures which are usually assigned to the cortex and which are therefore spurious.
Sieving characteristics of cytokine- and peroxide-induced epithelial barrier leak: Inhibition by berberine.

Sieving characteristics of cytokine- and peroxide-induced epithelial barrier leak: Inhibition by berberine
Strengthen the Protection of the Names of Country of Origin in China

The name of origin is a collective right enjoyed by the labors in the country of origin ．At present China still has no definite regulation on the protection of the names of country of origin ，so some names of country of origin are registered as common trademarks or change into the current general names of the kindred commodity ，and some producers only lay stress on the authenticity of the place of origin but they ignore the quality of the products ．As a result in the process of use some names of country of origin are monopolized， some are abused and some degenerate into the marks of the source of commodity due to the descend of quality ． So we suggest that we should bring the name of country of origin into the trademark law， strictly define the meaning of the name of country of origin， and strengthen the use management of the names of country of origin．
Synthesis of Fluorine-Containing Phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A) Inhibitors and the In Vivo Evaluation of F-18 Labeled PDE10A PET Tracers in Rodent and Nonhuman Primate

A series of fluorine-containing PDE10A inhibitors were designed and synthesized to improve the metabolic stability of [11C]MP-10. Twenty of the 22 new analogues had high potency and selectivity for PDE10A: 18a–j, 19d–j, 20a–b, and 21b had IC50 values <5 nM for PDE10A. Seven F-18 labeled compounds [18F]18a–e, [18F]18g, and [18F]20a were radiosynthesized by 18F-introduction onto the quinoline rather than the pyrazole moiety of the MP-10 pharmacophore and performed in vivo evaluation. Biodistribution studies in rats showed ∼2-fold higher activity in the PDE10A-enriched striatum than nontarget brain regions; this ratio increased from 5 to 30 min postinjection, particularly for [18F]18a–d and [18F]20a. MicroPET studies of [18F]18d and [18F]20a in nonhuman primates provided clear visualization of striatum with suitable equilibrium kinetics and favorable metabolic stability. These results suggest this strategy may identify a 18F-labeled PET tracer for quantifying the levels of PDE10A in patients with CNS disorde...
Oedipal themes in latency : Analysis of the farmer's daughter joke

A sample of "farmer's daughter" jokes, gathered from archives, personal informants, and published collections, is examined in relation to the developmental progress of the latency-age boys who most often tell them. The joke texts are divided into three categories-oedipal triumph, castration, and feminization-each of which represents a different regressive fantasy. Through these fantasied scenarios, the joke teller can safely work through some of the anxieties he experiences as a result of the recent repression of the oedipal conflict. Common themes of latency fantasies such as separation from the family, confusion of gender identity, and incestuous desires are all present in the texts. Repetition of the farmer's daughter joke not only motivates the child's individual psychological progress but also reinforces his or her awareness of taboos and socially appropriate behavior. Because the parental injunctions are internalized to help consolidate superego formation at the onset of latency and the child must now displace incestuous urges with manifestations of conscience, the retesting of values through joke telling is important during this developmental period.
Correlation is not causation (or, when not to scream “Eureka!”)

Abstract When we stumble onto some pattern in the data, it is so tempting to send a Eureka! text to the business users. This is a natural response that stems from the excitement of doing science and discovering an effect that no one has ever seen before. Here’s my warning: don’t do it. At least, don’t do it straight away.
Hormonal responses to non-nutritive sweeteners in water and diet soda

Non-nutritive sweeteners (NNS), especially in form of diet soda, have been linked to metabolic derangements (e.g. obesity and diabetes) in epidemiologic studies. We aimed to test acute metabolic effects of NNS in isolation (water or seltzer) and in diet sodas. We conducted a four-period, cross-over study at the National Institutes of Health Clinical Center (Bethesda, Maryland). Thirty healthy adults consumed 355 mL water with 0 mg, 68 mg, 170 mg, and 250 mg sucralose, and 31 individuals consumed 355 mL caffeine-free Diet Rite Cola™, Diet Mountain Dew™ (18 mg sucralose, 18 mg acesulfame-potassium, 57 mg aspartame), and seltzer water with NNS (68 mg sucralose and 41 mg acesulfame-potassium, equivalent to Diet Rite Cola™) in randomized order, prior to oral glucose tolerance tests. Blood samples were collected serially for 130 min. Measures included GLP-1, GIP, glucose, insulin, C-peptide, glucose absorption, gastric emptying, and subjective hunger and satiety ratings. Diet sodas augmented active GLP-1 (Diet Rite Cola™ vs. seltzer water, AUC, p = 0.039; Diet Mountain Dew™ vs. seltzer water, AUC, p = 0.07), but gastric emptying and satiety were unaffected. Insulin concentrations were nominally higher following all NNS conditions without altering glycemia. Sucralose alone (at any concentration) did not affect metabolic outcomes. Diet sodas but not NNS in water augmented GLP-1 responses to oral glucose. Whether the trends toward higher insulin concentrations after NNS are of clinical importance remains to be determined. Our findings emphasize the need to test metabolic effects of NNS after chronic consumption. The data for this manuscript were gathered from clinical trial # NCT01200940 .
Congenital Hemolytic Anemia

Red blood cell (RBC) destruction can be secondary to intrinsic disorders of the RBC or to extrinsic causes. In the congenital hemolytic anemias, intrinsic RBC enzyme, RBC membrane, and hemoglobin disorders result in hemolysis. The typical clinical presentation is a patient with pallor, anemia, jaundice, and often splenomegaly. The laboratory features include anemia, hyperbilirubinemia, and reticulocytosis. For some congenital hemolytic anemias, splenectomy is curative. However, in other diseases, avoidance of drugs and toxins is the best therapy. Supportive care with transfusions are also mainstays of therapy. Chronic hemolysis often results in the formation of gallstones, and cholecystectomy is often indicated.
Title IX: The Obstacles Still Faced in Leveling the Playing Field

Sports hold an immense amount of power. They have been a common passion and past time for Americans throughout the centuries, providing mutual grounds for those who may otherwise be divided. Sports are also vital aspects of American schooling- a concept that is uniquely promoted in the United States- as they are seen to be beneficial in educating the whole person. By combining the rigors of academics and intellect with sports, it was believed that a person’s full character could be developed efficiently. It is no wonder, then, that sports became the central debate of an act passed under the Higher Education Act called Title IX. The provision of the act stated simply that no one, on the basis of sex, could face discrimination or be denied participation in any educational institution that received federal aid but ironically did not include the words “athletics” or “sports” anywhere in the law. Title IX changed the face of athletics for women and continues to do so today especially on college campuses. Despite the increased participation of women in sports, often promoted vociferously using statistical evidence, there are still major obstacles that need to be addressed inregards to Title IX. The deficient implementation and enforcement of the law, the lack of support it offers inincreasing women in administration and coaching positions, and the focus on revenue-producing sports are all areas where Title IX falls short in ensuring total gender equality; however, these issues can be countered with a more positive promotion of women in sports in our culture and a more structured program at the federal level that will assist in guaranteeing the implementation of the law on all college campuses across America. Title IX: The Obstacles Still Faced in Leveling the Playing Field by Maura McKenna is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
Building forward: Strategic community resilience

The need for community resilience continues to gain prominence, and is reflected in a broad array of supporting efforts including measurement methodologies, system standards, governance and policy, and significant private efforts. However, communities continue to experience gaps and struggle to foster a strategic path for the long-term sustainable community resilience. Creating resilience at the community level requires a systematic effort, which can be accomplished via the design of a cohesive and opportunity-focused toolkit for cities and regions. Application of this toolkit can then drive measurable gains in community level resilience. This paper describes how notable available community level applications can be strategically combined to implement community resilience.
Improving coping self-efficacy among distressed students after exposure to university mass violence: a pilot online intervention

ABSTRACTGiven the rise of incidents of mass violence affecting college campuses, interventions for students are gravely needed, especially ones with broader accessibility and reach. This pilot study examined two online narrative writing interventions for undergraduates experiencing distress a year after exposure to a mass murder at their university. Thirty-nine students completed online narrative writing tasks across 4 days. Coping self-efficacy (CSE) and posttraumatic growth (PTG) were assessed. The intervention was feasible and acceptable, as demonstrated by high levels of completion at two follow-ups (97% and 87% respectively). Both groups had significant increases in CSE from baseline to postintervention. Implications and recommendations are discussed.