cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Commercial Incentives

Ascribing motives or intentions to nation states is a troublesome task with a high risk of error. Nation-state policy may not always be judged by historic requirements of power aggrandizement. At the least, national goals for power may be modified by the public’s general sense of security and economic well-being. Where nationalism has been replaced by internationalism, for instance, a country’s public may be capable of some measure of altruistic goodwill rather than base pursuit of selfish gain. Motivations for actions may be so subtle that real politik analysis will miss the mark.
Foreword: Special Section on 3-D Integration

This IEEE Transactions on Components, Packaging and Manufacturing Technology Special Section on 3-D Integration addresses some key topics in the area of advanced system-level interconnection technologies with a focus on 3-D IC stacking based on through-silicon vias, 2.5-D integration using the silicon interposer technology, and photonic interconnections. These emerging interconnection technologies are driven by the need for improved communication bandwidth density and energy efficiency. It is well known that today, interconnects, both ON-chip and OFF-chip, have a major impact on the performance and energy efficiency of electronic systems. This realization has led to significant research and development in advanced materials, designs, architectures, integration approaches, and exploration of nontraditional communication approaches. Given the breadth and depth of this area, this Special Issue in no way covers all important topics. Rather, our intention is to provide a concise summary of the state-of-the-art in a few important areas and leave other topics for future issues.
Multivariate Dimension Polynomials of Inversive Difference Field Extensions

In this paper we introduce a method of characteristic sets with respect to several term orderings for inversive difference polynomials. Using this technique, we prove the existence and obtain a method of computation of multivariate dimension polynomials of finitely generated inversive difference field extensions. We also find new invariants of such extensions that are not carried by univariate dimension polynomials.
Pen Pals: An Examination of Human–Animal Interaction as an Outlet for Healthy Masculinity in Prison

This chapter discusses interactions between dogs and men who may be especially primed for the benefits of human–animal interaction (HAI) and at the same time a potentially risky group to entrust animals to—men in prison. After describing male imprisonment and the impact on expressed masculinity, prison-based animal programs are introduced and discussed. Following this review, an empirical study is described, which examined a dog training program in a men’s prison. Researchers examined specific behaviors emitted by inmates when interacting with dogs, focusing on men in the general population. Findings are discussed in the context of prisonization and toxic masculinity. This chapter concludes with recommendations for future research.
Healthfulness of Foods Advertised in Small and Nontraditional Urban Stores in Minneapolis–St. Paul, Minnesota, 2014

INTRODUCTION Shopping at small food stores, such as corner stores and convenience stores, is linked with unhealthful food and beverage purchases, poor diets, and high risk of obesity. However, information on how foods and beverages are marketed at small stores is limited. The objective of this study was to examine advertisements and product placements for healthful and less healthful foods and beverages at small stores in Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minnesota. METHODS We conducted in-store audits of 119 small and nontraditional food retailers (corner/small grocery stores, food-gas marts, pharmacies, and dollar stores) randomly selected from licensing lists in Minneapolis-St. Paul in 2014. We analyzed data on exterior and interior advertisements of foods and beverages and product placement. RESULTS Exterior and interior advertisements for healthful foods and beverages were found in less than half of stores (exterior, 37% [44 of 119]; interior, 20% [24 of 119]). Exterior and interior advertisements for less healthful items were found in approximately half of stores (exterior, 46% [55 of 119]); interior, 66% [78 of 119]). Of the 4 store types, food-gas marts were most likely to have exterior and interior advertisements for both healthful and less healthful items. Corner/small grocery stores and dollar stores had fewer advertisements of any type. Most stores (77%) had at least 1 healthful item featured as an impulse buy (ie, an item easily reached at checkout), whereas 98% featured at least 1 less healthful item as an impulse buy. CONCLUSION Findings suggest imbalanced advertising and product placement of healthful and less healthful foods and beverages at small food stores in Minneapolis-St. Paul; less healthful items were more apt to be featured as impulse buys. Future interventions and polices should encourage reductions in advertisements and impulse-buy placements of unhealthful products, particularly in food-gas marts, and encourage advertisements of healthful products.
BWR-HD: An Optimized Boiling Water Reactor with High Power Density

AbstractIncreasing the economic competitiveness of nuclear energy is vital to its future. One way to reduce the cost of the plant is by extracting more power from the same volume. A scoping study is conducted to maximize the power density in boiling water reactors (BWRs) under the constraints of using fuel with traditional materials and cylindrical geometry, and enrichments below 5% to enable its licensability with no changes to present facilities. An optimization search over all other design parameters yields a BWR with high power density (BWR-HD) at a power level of 5000 MW(thermal), equivalent to a 26% uprated Advanced BWR (ABWR), the most recently built version of BWR. The BWR-HD utilizes about the same number of wider fuel assemblies, with 16 × 16 pin arrays and 35% shorter active fuel than the 10 × 10 assemblies of the ABWR. The fuel rod diameter and pitch are also reduced to just over 70% of the ABWR values. Thus, it is possible to increase the power density and specific power by 65% while maintain...
Spelling without Phonology: A Study of Deaf and Hearing Children.

To what extent does phonology play a role in spelling English words? The written responses of deaf students and groups of hearing children to five tasks were subjected to quantitative and qualitative analyses. The first three tasks were used to see if deaf students utilized phonology when they generated their own words and to compare their spelling performance with that of hearing subjects. The fourth and fifth tasks were designed to compare the spelling performance of deaf and hearing subjects when they were required to reproduce visually presented common words. Results showed that deaf students, who were chronologically much older, were not better spellers than hearing children from the fifth grade. Analysis of data revealed little evidence that the deaf students involved in the present study utilize phonology in spelling. Nor did word-specific visual memory for entire words appears to play a role in spelling by deaf students. Rote visual memory for letter patterns and sequences of letters within words, however, appears to play a role in the spelling by deaf students. It is concluded that sensitivity to the stochastic-dependent probabilities of letter sequences may aid spelling up to certain point but phonology is essential for spelling words whose structure is morphophonemically complex.
Long term radiographic findings of breast brachytherapy: Implications of surgical volume.

Purpose Little is known about long-term radiographic findings after treatment with accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI). Methods Univariate and multivariate analysis of factors leading to formation and resolution of seroma were performed in patients treated with lumpectomy and APBI. Results Post-treatment images of 129 patients were reviewed by one radiologist. Median surgical excision volume was 108.9 cc (range 20.5-681.9). Primary mode of imaging was mammogram. Median time from end of RT to first and last surveillance image was 6 and 54 months, respectively. Median number of images was 7 (range 3-12). Seroma was identified in 98 (76%) patients, with median maximum diameter of 3.9 cm. Forty (41%) patients experienced resolution of seroma, at a median time of 29 months (range 6-74). On univariate analysis, surgical excision volume was associated with seroma formation, and tumor stage and margin re-excision were significant on univariate and multivariate analysis. No factors were associated with seroma resolution. Conclusion Seroma formation after APBI resolves around 2.5 years for many patients, but persists for others possibly due to primary tumor and surgical excision volumes. With revised criteria on the definition of positive margins, smaller volumes may lead to decreased risk of seroma formation for future patients.
Fiber-Level On-the-Fly Procedural Textiles

Procedural textile models are compact, easy to edit, and can achieve state-of-the-art realism with fiber-level details. However, these complex models generally need to be fully instantiated aka. realized into 3D volumes or fiber meshes and stored in memory, We introduce a novel realization-minimizing technique that enables physically based rendering of procedural textiles, without the need of full model realizations. The key ingredients of our technique are new data structures and search algorithms that look up regular and flyaway fibers on the fly, efficiently and consistently. Our technique works with compact fiber-level procedural yarn models in their exact form with no approximation imposed. In practice, our method can render very large models that are practically unrenderable using existing methods, while using considerably less memory 60-200× less and achieving good performance.
Nematic and chiral superconductivity induced by odd-parity fluctuations

Recent experiments indicate that superconductivity in ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{2}{\mathrm{Se}}_{3}$ intercalated with Cu, Nb, or Sr is nematic with rotational symmetry breaking. Motivated by this observation, we present a model study of nematic and chiral superconductivity induced by odd-parity fluctuations. We show that odd-parity fluctuations in the two-component ${E}_{u}$ representation of ${D}_{3d}$ crystal point group can generate attractive interaction in both the even-parity $s$-wave and odd-parity ${E}_{u}$ pairing channels, but repulsive interaction in other odd-parity pairing channels. Coulomb repulsion can suppress $s$-wave pairing relative to ${E}_{u}$ pairing, and thus the latter can have a higher critical temperature. ${E}_{u}$ pairing has two distinct phases: a nematic phase and a chiral phase, both of which can be realized in our model. When $s$-wave and ${E}_{u}$ pairings have similar instability temperature, we find an intermediate phase in which both types of pairing coexist.
Deferoxamine-induced electronegative ERG responses

To report a case of deferoxamine-induced retinopathy characterized by electroretinography (ERG), optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A), and other multimodal imaging. This is an observational case report of one patient. Full-field ERG was performed. OCT-A, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), color fundus photography, and fundus autofluorescence were used to characterize the retinopathy induced by deferoxamine use. A 64-year-old man with a history of β-thalassemia intermedia presented with worsening visual acuity, nyctalopia, and electronegative ERG. OCT-A revealed atrophy of the choriocapillaris in areas of hypoautofluorescence, corresponding to regions of retinal atrophy. SD-OCT showed disruption of the ellipsoid zone, granular hyperreflective deposits within the retinal pigment epithelium, thinning of the retinal layers, and extensive choroidal sclerosis and atrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium. Deferoxamine-induced retinopathy can manifest with electronegative maximal ERG responses, and OCT-A can be used to detect deferoxamine toxicity.
Rare earth silicates and germanates crystallizing in the wadeite and related structure types

Abstract Single crystals of six new alkali lanthanide silicates and germanates were synthesized via the flux growth method. A2CeSi3O9 (A = Rb, Cs) and Cs2CeGe3O9 crystallize in the Wadeite structure with space group P63/m and lattice parameters a = 7.1950(2) A and c = 10.5109(3) A for the Rb analogue. K2CeSi3O9 crystallizes in a previously unobserved monoclinic distortion of the Wadeite structure with space group P21/n and lattice parameters a = 7.0801(2) A, b = 10.458(2) A, c = 12.238(2) A and β = 90.07(3)°. Finally, Cs8Dy2Ge16O39 and Cs8Dy2Ge16O38F2 crystallize in two new structure types that are related to each other and to the Wadeite structure. Cs8Dy2Ge16O39 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2/c with lattice parameters a = 12.4054(3) A, b = 7.4310(2) A, c = 24.5761(6) A, and β = 90.8849(16)° and Cs8Dy2Ge16O38F2 crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pnn2 with lattice parameters a = 12.3489(4) A, b = 12.4805(5) A, and c = 7.3802(3) A. The synthesis and structure of the six compounds are reported and the crystallochemical reasons for the formation of each structure are discussed.
Far-red light enhances photochemical efficiency in a wavelength-dependent manner.

Linear electron transport depends on balanced excitation of photosystem I and II. Far-red light preferentially excites photosystem I (PSI) and can enhance the photosynthetic efficiency when combined with light that over-excites photosystem II (PSII). The efficiency of different wavelengths of far-red light exciting PSI was quantified by measuring the change in quantum yield of PSII (ΦPSII ) of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) under red/blue light with narrowband far-red light added (from 678 to 752 nm, obtained using laser diodes). The ΦPSII of lettuce increased with increasing wavelengths of added light from 678 to 703 nm, indicating longer wavelengths within this region are increasingly used more efficiently by PSI than by PSII. Adding 721 nm light resulted in similar ΦPSII as adding 703 nm light, but ΦPSII tended to decrease as wavelength increased from 721 to 731 nm, likely due to decreasing absorptance and low photon energy. Adding 752 nm light did not affect ΦPSII . Leaf chlorophyll fluorescence light response measurements showed lettuce had higher ΦPSII under halogen light (rich in far-red) than under red/blue light (which over-excites PSII). Far-red light is more photosynthetically active than commonly believed, because of its synergistic interaction with light of shorter wavelengths.
Treatment products and approaches for phenylketonuria: improved palatability and flexibility demonstrate safety, efficacy and acceptance in US clinical trials

A new amino acid formulation and a variety of treatment products incorporating it were evaluated for long-term safety, efficacy, and acceptance in 25 subjects with phenylketonuria over a period of 5 years. Palatability of the treatment was improved by reducing the required intake of amino acids, reformulating the mixture to have better taste, and providing vitamins and minerals as tablets. The hypotheses were that these strategies would improve compliance and metabolic control and maintain nutritional status in subjects. Compliance with treatment was determined from mean reported intakes (4-day diet records) and from mean ‘received’ intakes using receipts of treatment products actually shipped to individuals upon request. Mean amino acid intakes prescribed were significantly reduced from study entry to end, from 1.2 g/kg to 0.7 g/kg (p < 0.001). Reported intakes were similarly reduced from 1.3 g/kg to 0.7 g/kg (p < 0.001). While actually ‘received’ intakes of amino acid formula were also significantly reduced (p < 0.001), intakes by this measure were much lower than either prescribed or reported, 0.9 g/kg at entry and 0.4 g/kg at the end of the study, suggesting that acceptance of the treatment (usage of products), even when made more palatable, is below clinical expectations. In spite of these findings, mean serum proteins and minerals, height and weight were not significantly reduced during the study, supporting the safety of lowered intakes of amino acids and of nutritionally incomplete products. While the increase in mean serum phenylalanine concentration from 0.38 to 0.48 mmol/L was significant (p < 0.03), this mean rise of 0.1 mmol/L during a corresponding mean age increase of 4.2 years (from 6.9 to 11.1 years) is lower than in other recent reports from longitudinal studies of outcomes during this age range in subjects treated with traditional products. These data support the safety and efficacy of a more palatable and flexible approach to treatment.
Effective Privacy Marketing Strategies

To help practicing business, managers develop marketing strategies that address emerging privacy issues; in this final chapter we synthesize the key points covered in previous chapters and organize them into six Tenets for Effective Privacy Marketing.
Council of Deans Chair Report, July 2018

It has been an honor for me to serve as AACP Chair of the Council of Deans for 2017-2018. The work of the council would not have been possible without the commitment and hard work of the Administrative Board (Natalie Eddington – Immediate Past Chair, Evan Robinson – Chair-elect, Sharon Youmans
Psychosocial Determinants of Communication Satisfaction in Racially Concordant and Discordant Patient-Physician Interactions.

Introduction: Although both socioeconomic and race- related factors both influence quality of medical encounters, it is not known how these effects differ between racially concordant and discordant medical visits. Current study investigated psychosocial determinants of physician visit satisfaction of Black adults based on racial concordance of the medical encounter. Materials and Methods: Data came from the Detroit Area Study (DAS), a community survey of adults in Michigan, United States. The current analysis included 336 Black individuals who had visited a White (n = 191) or a Black (n=145) physician in the last year. Outcome was satisfaction with the quality of communication with the doctor. Demographics (age and gender), socioeconomic staus (education and income), psychosocial factors (control beliefs and social support), race related factors (having a close White friend, negative attitudes about Blacks, discrimination), and health status (chronic disease count, self-rated health, and distress) of the patient as well as race of the doctor were measured. We used multi-group structural equation modeling (SEM) for data analysis, where the two groups were racially concordant (those who met a Black physician) and racially discordant (those who met a White physician) visits. Results: Satisfaction with physician visit was lower in racially discordant than racially concordant encounters. In racially concordant visits, high education was associated with higher satisfaction, however, racial discrimination was associated with lower satisfaction. In racially discordant visits (i.e. with a White doctor), having a White friend as well as high sense of control were associated with a higher satisfaction, while negative attitudes about Blacks was associated with lower level of satisfaction. Conclusions: Racially concordant and discordant visits have different satisfaction levels. Racially concordant and discordant visits also have different predictors of communication satisfaction among Black patients. Socioeconomic status as well as racial attitudes and experiences impact quality of communication of the Black patients with their doctors, however, these effects depend on the race of the doctor.
Safety and Feasibility of a Rapid Outpatient Management Strategy for Transient Ischemic Attack and Minor Stroke: The Rapid Access Vascular Evaluation–Neurology (RAVEN) Approach

Study objective Although most transient ischemic attack and minor stroke patients in US emergency departments (EDs) are admitted, experience in other countries suggests that timely outpatient evaluation of transient ischemic attack and minor stroke can be safe. We assess the feasibility and safety of a rapid outpatient stroke clinic for transient ischemic attack and minor stroke: Rapid Access Vascular Evaluation–Neurology (RAVEN). Methods Transient ischemic attack and minor stroke patients presenting to the ED with a National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score of 5 or less and nondisabling deficit were assessed for potential discharge to RAVEN with a protocol incorporating social and medical criteria. Outpatient evaluation by a vascular neurologist, including vessel imaging, was performed within 24 hours at the RAVEN clinic. Participants were evaluated for compliance with clinic attendance and 90-day recurrent transient ischemic attack and minor stroke and hospitalization rates. Results Between December 2016 and June 2018, 162 transient ischemic attack and minor stroke patients were discharged to RAVEN. One hundred fifty-four patients (95.1%) appeared as scheduled and 101 (66%) had a final diagnosis of transient ischemic attack and minor stroke. Two patients (1.3%) required hospitalization (one for worsening symptoms and another for intracranial arterial stenosis caused by zoster) at RAVEN evaluation. Among the 101 patients with confirmed transient ischemic attack and minor stroke, 18 (19.1%) had returned to an ED or been admitted at 90 days. Five were noted to have had recurrent neurologic symptoms diagnosed as transient ischemic attack (4.9%), whereas one had a recurrent stroke (0.9%). No individuals with transient ischemic attack and minor stroke died, and none received thrombolytics or thrombectomy, during the interval period. These 90-day outcomes were similar to historical published data on transient ischemic attack and minor stroke. Conclusion Rapid outpatient management appears a feasible and safe strategy for transient ischemic attack and minor stroke patients evaluated in the ED, with recurrent stroke and transient ischemic attack rates comparable to historical published data.
Renal secretion of hydrochlorothiazide involves organic anion transporter 1/3, organic cation transporter 2, and multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 2-K

Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) is the most widely used thiazide diuretic for the treatment of hypertension either alone or in combination with other antihypertensives. HCTZ is mainly cleared by the kid...
Patient Factors Associated with Opioid Consumption in the Month Following Major Surgery.

Objective:The aim of this study was to determine preoperative patient characteristics associated with postoperative outpatient opioid use and assess the frequency of postoperative opioid overprescribing.Summary Background Data:Although characteristics associated with inpatient opioid use have been d
Application of phase-pure nickel phosphide nanoparticles as cathode catalysts for hydrogen production in microbial electrolysis cells.

Abstract Transition metal phosphide catalysts such as nickel phosphide (Ni2P) have shown excellent activities for the hydrogen evolution reaction, but they have primarily been studied in strongly acidic or alkaline electrolytes. In microbial electrolysis cells (MECs), however, the electrolyte is usually a neutral pH to support the bacteria. Carbon-supported phase-pure Ni2P nanoparticle catalysts (Ni2P/C) were synthesized using solution-phase methods and their performance was compared to Pt/C and Ni/C catalysts in MECs. The Ni2P/C produced a similar quantity of hydrogen over a 24 h cycle (0.29 ± 0.04 L-H2/L-reactor) as that obtained using Pt/C (0.32 ± 0.03 L-H2/L) or Ni/C (0.29 ± 0.02 L-H2/L). The mass normalized current density of the Ni2P/C was 14 times higher than that of the Ni/C, and the Ni2P/C exhibited stable performance over 11 days. Ni2P/C may therefore be a useful alternative to Pt/C or other Ni-based catalysts in MECs due to its chemical stability over time.
New Machine Learning Algorithms for Genome Annotation

Rapid accumulation of genomic, transcriptomic and protein information creates new opportunities as well as challenges for integration of OMICS information in genome annotation algorithms. Models of prokaryotic genome organization could become more complex to account for leaderless transcription, non-Shine-Dalgarno RBS sites and horizontal gene transfer. Parameterization of these models becomes possible via incremental expansion of the model architecture and relaxation of initial restrictions on subsets of parameters along the steps of iterative training process. Prediction of complex exon-intron structures in eukaryotes could be informed by alignments of orthologous proteins to genomic DNA. Still, unevenness of the level of evolutionary conservation along the single amino acid chain calls for improvements that focus on introduction of parallel use of spliced alignment algorithms for proteins of the same family. I will talk about new genome annotation algorithms - i/ GeneMarkS2+, a part of PGAP, the prokaryotic genome annotation pipeline developed at NCBI and ii/ eukaryotic self-training gene finder GeneMark-EP+ utilizing footprints of orthologous proteins in iterative parameterization of the HMM statistical models of genome organization.
Trends in Aggregate Use and Associated Expenditures of Antihyperglycemic Therapies Among US Medicare Beneficiaries Between 2012 and 2017.

This study examines trends in aggregate use and expenditures for diabetes mellitus therapies among US Medicare Part D beneficiaries.
Establishing a Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology Subinternship for Medical Students.

Abstract Within the pediatric and adolescent gynecology (PAG) community, an important issue deserving of our attention is expansion of formalized PAG training opportunities for medical students. In addition to those in obstetrics and gynecology, many physicians practicing family medicine, internal medicine, and surgery provide care to young female patients. However, residency programs provide inconsistent training in addressing specific PAG health care needs and communication skills required for delivery of care to pediatric and adolescent patients; opportunities for supervised clinical experience in these areas at the medical school level therefore have great importance because they might not be offered again during some residencies. At the undergraduate medical education level, training opportunities in PAG are currently limited, with only 3 PAG subinternships in North American medical schools. In contrast, other available subinternships include 113 in maternal fetal medicine and 82 in gynecologic oncology. To address this gap in opportunities for medical students, we developed a PAG subinternship and elective for medical students, which we describe in this report. Our 4-week PAG subinternship and 2-week elective expose students to a variety of ambulatory and surgical opportunities, with formal, informal, and self-guided learning activities. In this article, we explain the process of developing the curriculum, gaining alignment from key stakeholders, obtaining formal approval for the course, and advertising the opportunity to medical students. We also provide resources and guidance for medical educators who wish to establish a PAG subinternship or elective course at their institutions.
Alternative Models of Emergency Psychiatric Care: Regional Emergency Psychiatric Facilities, Freestanding Emergency Departments, and Urgent Care Centers

A variety of different models are now available for the treatment of patients experiencing psychiatric emergencies. In some areas, there are regional psychiatric emergency facilities. In most areas, there are freestanding emergency departments (ED) and/or urgent care centers. Regional psychiatric facilities have features in common with other psychiatric emergency services that have been discussed. There is less evidence regarding the psychiatric patient in freestanding emergency departments and urgent care centers. Some unique benefits and challenges should be considered when utilizing these facilities. Freestanding EDs and urgent care centers can function in more remote locations than traditional EDs; therefore, they extend the reach and impact of the medical establishment to more secluded populations and provide more opportunities for treating individuals who would otherwise have limited access to treatment facilities. Regional psychiatric emergency facilities will have psychiatrists available; however, the presence of specialized psychiatric care is less likely in freestanding EDs and urgent care centers. The increased use of telemedicine has made specialty care available to remote locations and, when used, can bring the expertise of psychiatric specialists to EDs and urgent care centers not physically staffed by mental health providers.
Front-Line innovation: Rapid implementation of a nurse-driven protocol for care of outpatients with COVID-19.

Aims and objectives Our objective was to rapidly adapt and scale a registered nurse-driven Coordinated Transitional Care (C-TraC) programme to provide intensive home monitoring and optimise care for outpatient Veterans with COVID-19 in a large urban Unites States healthcare system. Background Our diffuse primary care network had no existing model of care by which to provide coordinated result tracking and monitoring of outpatients with COVID-19. Design Quality improvement implementation project. Methods We used the Replicating Effective Programs model to guide implementation, iterative Plan-Do-Study-Act cycles and SQUIRE reporting guidelines. Two transitional care registered nurses, and a geriatrician medical director developed a protocol that included detailed initial assessment, overnight delivery of monitoring equipment and phone-based follow-up tailored to risk level and symptom severity. We tripled programme capacity in time for the surge of cases by training Primary Care registered nurses. Results Between 23 March and 15 May 2020, 120 Veterans with COVID-19 were enrolled for outpatient monitoring; over one-third were aged 65 years or older, and 70% had medical conditions associated with poor COVID-19 outcomes. All Veterans received an initial call within a few hours of the laboratory reporting positive results. The mean length of follow-up was 8.1 days, with an average of 4.2 nurse and 1.3 physician or advanced practice clinician contacts per patient. The majority (85%) were managed entirely in the outpatient setting. After the surge, the model was disseminated to individual primary care teams through educational sessions. Conclusion A model based on experienced registered nurses can provide comprehensive, effective and sustainable outpatient monitoring to high-risk populations with COVID-19.
What’s wrong with rights?: by Nigel Biggar, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2020, 384 pp., £ 30.00 (hardback), ISBN 9780198861973

Nigel Biggar's latest book on human rights is really two sets of essays, in some tension with each other—and one of them far more credible, with some modifications that undermine the project on whi...
Applied Materials Science: Applications of Engineering Materials in Structural, Electronics, Thermal, and Other Industries

INTRODUCTION TO MATERIALS APPLICATIONS Classes of Materials Structural Applications Electronic Applications Thermal Applications Electrochemical Applications Environmental Applications Biomedical Applications MATERIALS FOR THERMAL CONDUCTION Introduction Materials of High Thermal Conductivity Thermal Interface Materials POLYMER-MATRIX COMPOSITES FOR MICROELECTRONICS Introduction Applications in Microelectronics Polymer-Matrix Composites MATERIALS FOR ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE SHIELDING Introduction Mechanisms of Shielding Composite Materials for Shielding Emerging Materials for Shielding CEMENT-BASED ELECTRONICS Introduction Background on Cement-Matrix Composites Cement-Based Electrical Circuit Elements Cement-Based Sensors Cement-Based Thermoelectric Device SELF-SENSING OF CARBON FIBER POLYMER-MATRIX STRUCTURAL COMPOSITES Introduction Background Sensing Strain Sensing Damage Sensing Temperature Sensing Bond Degradation Sensing Structural Transitions Sensing Composite Fabrication Process STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING BY ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE MEASUREMENT Introduction Carbon Fiber Polymer-Matrix Structural Composites Cement-Matrix Composites Joints MODIFICATION OF THE SURFACE OF CARBON FIBERS FOR USE AS A REINFORCEMENT IN COMPOSITE MATERIALS Introduction to Surface Modification Introduction to Carbon Fiber Composites Surface Modification Of Carbon Fibers for Polymer-Matrix Composites Surface Modification of Carbon Fibers for Metal-Matrix Composites CORROSION CONTROL OF STEEL REINFORCED CONCRETE Introduction Steel Surface Treatment Admixtures in Concrete Surface Coating on Concrete Cathodic Protection Steel Replacement APPLICATIONS OF SUBMICRON DIAMETER CARBON FILAMENTS Introduction Structural Applications Electromagnetic Interference Shielding, Electromagnetic Reflection and Surface Electrical Conduction DC Electrical Conduction Field Emission Electrochemical Applications Thermal Conduction Strain Sensors Porous Carbons Catalyst Support IMPROVING CEMENT-BASED MATERIALS BY USING SILICA FUME Introduction Workability Mechanical Properties Vibration Damping Capacity Sound Absorption Freeze-Thaw Durability Abrasion Resistance Shrinkage Air Void Content and Density Permeability Steel Rebar Corrosion Resistance Alkali-Silica Reactivity Reduction Chemical Attack Resistance Bond Strength to Steel Rebar Creep Rate Coefficient of Thermal Expansion Specific Heat Thermal Conductivity Fiber Dispersion Appendix A: Electrical Behavior of Various Types of Materials Appendix B: Temperature Dependence of Electrical Resistivity Appendix C: Electrical Measurement Appendix D: Dielectric Behavior Appendix E: Electromagnetic Measurement Appendix F: Thermoelectric Behavior Appendix G: Nondestructive Evaluation Appendix H: Electrochemical Behavior Appendix I: The pn Junction Appendix J: Carbon Fibers
Method and models for R-curve instability calculations

This paper presents a simple method for performing elastic R-curve instability calculations. For a single material-structure combination, the calculations can be done on some pocket calculators. On microcomputers and larger, it permits the development of a comprehensive program having libraries of driving force equations for different configurations and R-curve model equations for different materials. The paper also presents several model equations for fitting to experimental R-curve data, both linear elastic and elastoplastic. The models are fit to data from the literature to demonstrate their viability.
Extraoral techniques: The lateral jaw

Abstract A simple procedure for examining roentgenographically the entire mandible and the maxilla, with the exception of the midline area, has been explained. Several illustrations have been included for purposes of clarification.
Considerations for a MILSATCOM SHF DAMA standard

The authors examine issues related to the development of a MILSATCOM SHF DAMA (demand assignment multiple access) standard. Because the service requirements and traffic characteristics of SHF user missions, and the terminal equipment used to support them, are diverse, no single DAMA implementation can adequately satisfy all of the requirements. The proposed SHF DAMA standard (SDS) structure addresses this diversity with four individual DAMA elements, each for a different user application. Specifically, the authors consider hub-based DAMA systems that employ the conventional very small aperture terminal 'star' network architecture separately from systems that employ direct terminal-to-terminal connectivity. A second division is made within these two groups according to general mission requirements and terminal capabilities. The four DAMA SDS elements are mapped against four terminal categories, and a candidate implementation is outlined for the third SDS element, which corresponds to a direct-connectivity DAMA system requiring antijam protection. >
The new kidney allocation system-who are we penalizing?

The new kidney allocation system implemented at the end of 2014 attributes additional allocation points to sensitized patients using a sliding cPRA scale. In addition patients with > 98% cPRA receive regional/national allocation priority due to their high level of sensitization. Unfortunately,the new allocation system does not allow for the input of HLA-DQA and HLA-DP unacceptable antigens for the computation of cPRA. To assess the number of patients affected by the lack of programming for HLA-DQA and -DP, we reviewed the antibody data of our adult kidney waitlist population composed of 485 patients. We found that 7.6% of our patients had HLA-DP and/or HLA-DQA antibodies with MFI values > 3000 for which they were not receiving additional allocation points due to our inability to enter HLA-DQA and -DP specificities as unacceptable antigens. The vast majority of the affected patients (86.5%) had HLA-DP antibodies and cPRA of 98%. In fact 75.7% of patients with HLA-DQA or HLA-DP antibodies had cPRA of 98% while 24.3% had cPRA > 98% and thus were eligible for regional/national priority. Our gathered data strongly advocates the implementation of new allocation software allowing for the listing of HLA-DQA and HLA-DP unacceptable antigens and for computation of these unacceptable antigens in the cPRA. Per OPTN data as of 4/22/15 there were 123,193 people waiting for a kidney transplant in the US. Using our center specific data on a national scale, it means that 9300 people are not receiving allocation points for unacceptable antigens against HLA-DP and/or -DQA. Our data also supports the implementation of mandatory typing of donors for HLA-DP and DQA since 24.3% of patients with HLA-DQA and -DP antibodies have cPRA > 98%. Mandatory typing of donors for HLA-DP and -DQA would allow for faster organ allocation and unnecessary shipment of organ for regional/national share to patient having unacceptable HLA-DQA or -DP antibodies.
La historiografía española y las relaciones con los Estados Unidos de América: las consecuencias del Pacto de Madrid y la Transición

LEMUS, Encarnacion: Estados Unidos y la transicion espanola. Entre la Revolucion de los Claveles y la Marcha Verde, Cadiz, Silex/Universidad de Cadiz, 2011, 316 pp. POWELL, Charles: El Amigo americano. Espana y Estados Unidos: de la dictadura a la democracia, Madrid, Galaxia Gutenberg/Circulo de Lectores, 2011, 682 pp. RODRiGUEz, Francisco J.: Antidoto contra el antiamericanismo: American Studies en Espana, 1945-1969, Valencia, PUV, 2010, 277 pp.
"Anchor-range" results with "same" and "different" responses and similar and dissimilar stimuli.

Blocks of pairs of dissimilar (anchor-like) circles were unexpectedly followed by single pairs of similar circles and vice versa. The dissimilar circles were 3 and 10 mm in diameter, and the similar circles were 3 and 5 mm, 5 and 7 mm, and 7 and 10 mm in diameter. In a second experiment, the dissimilar and similar circles did not overlap in size (e.g., they were 1.5 and 5 mm and 7 and 10 mm, respectively). The “same” responses to the unexpected same pairs of similar circles were faster than the “same” responses to the identical pairs in the blocks. In contrast, the “different” responses to the unexpected different pairs of similar circles were slower than the “different” responses to the identical pairs in the blocks. Similar stimuli accelerate “same” responses and slow down “different” responses. So the time results (and the error results as well) suggest that the context of the block dissimilar circles increased the perceived similarity of the unexpected similar circles. These “anchor-range” results are not explained by Thurstonian theories, which are based on the absolute properties of stimuli. Instead, they imply that the relation between the similar circles in the context of the relation between the dissimilar circles affected performance.
Organ and effective doses in newborns and infants undergoing voiding cystourethrograms (VCUG): a comparison of stylized and tomographic phantoms.

The time-sequence videotape-analysis methodology, developed [Sulieman et al., Radiology 178, 653-658 (1991)] for use in tissue dose estimations in adult fluoroscopy examinations and utilized [Bolch et al., Med. Phys. 30, 667-680 (2003)] for analog fluoroscopy in newborn patients, has been extended to the study of digital fluoroscopic examinations of the urinary bladder in newborn and infant female patients. Individual frames of the fluoroscopic and radiographic video were analyzed with respect to unique combinations of field size, field center, projection, tube potential, and tube current (mA), and integral tube current (mAs), respectively. The dosimetry study was conducted on five female patients of ages ranging from four-days to 66 days. For each patient, three different phantoms were utilized: a stylized computational phantom of the reference newborn (3.5 kg), a tomographic computational phantom of the reference newborn (3.5 kg), and (3) a tomographic computational phantom uniformly rescaled to match patient total-body mass. The latter phantom set circumvented the need for mass-dependent rescaling of recorded technique factors (kVp, mA, mAs, etc.), and thus represented the highest degree of patient specificity in the individual organ dose assessment. Effective dose values for the voiding cystourethrogram examination ranged from 0.6 to 3.2 mSv, with a mean andmore » standard deviation of 1.8{+-}0.9 mSv. The ovary and colon equivalent doses contributed in total {approx}65%-80% of the effective dose in these fluoroscopy studies. Percent differences in the effective dose assessed using the two tomographic phantoms (one fixed at 3.5 kg with rescaled technique factors rescaled and one physically rescaled to individual patient masses with no adjustment of recorded technique factors) ranged for -49% to +15%. Percent differences in effective dose found using the 3.5 kg stylized phantom and the 3.5 kg tomographic phantom, both with patient-specific rescaling of technique factors, ranged from -10% to +17%. These differences are due in part to a reduced ovary dose in the tomographic phantom for right posterior oblique (RPO) views when compared to those seen in the stylized phantom.« less
Wing-Box Weight Optimization Using Curvilinear Spars and Ribs (SpaRibs)

The aim of this research is to perform topology and sizing optimization of wing-box structures using curvilinear spars and ribs, referred to as SpaRibs in the following. To accomplish this, a new framework calledEBF3SSWingOpt is being developed at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. The optimization framework includes two different methodologies: a one-step optimization methodology where topology and sizing optimization are carried out together and a two-step optimization methodology where topology and sizing optimization are carried out separately using different constraints and objective functions. A description of how the general framework is developed and applied for optimizing winglike structures is provided and the optimization-problem formulation is stated. Two practical design problems solved using EBF3SSWingOpt are presented: a rectangular wing box and a generic fighter wing. In both cases, the structure with the SpaRibs is lighter than the initial structure with straight spars and ribs.Moreover, the two-step optimization framework has proven to be better atfinding anoptimal solution than the one-step framework. Finally, different designs with comparable weights but different stress distributions, buckling properties, and dynamic behaviors were found.
Effect of stimulation of non-adrenergic inhibitory nerves on cyclic nucleotide levels in bullfrog lung

Abstract 1. 1. Carbachol in the presence of atropine and propranolol was employed to stimulate a non-adrenergic neural inhibitory system in the hemilung of the bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana). 2. 2. Tissue levels of cGMP were elevated 95% by carbachol whilst cAMP levels were unchanged. 3. 3. The phosphodiesterase inhibitor papaverine did not affect either cAMP or cGMP levels, but did selectively increase the carbachol-induced increase in lung cGMP to 220% of control levels. 4. 4. Papaverine did not potentiate the relaxant effects of carbachol. 5. 5. The results suggest that cyclic nucleotides may not be directly involved in the relaxation produced by stimulation of the non-adrenergic neural inhibitory system in this preparation.
Effectiveness of Mo-Au Gibbsian segregating alloys and the surface removal effect on the Gibbsian segregating performance for extreme ultraviolet collector optics

Successful implementation of extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography depends on minimizing collector optics degradation from intense plasma erosion and debris deposition. Thus, studying the surface of collector optics and its reflectivity degradation processes and then implementing innovative methods to enhance the surface chemistry causing the collector optics to suffer less damage or to be self-healing is crucial for this technology development. A high-quality Mo-Au Gibbsian segregation (GS) alloy is fabricated on silicon using a DC dual-magnetron co-sputtering system, and the subsequent effectiveness is investigated as a result of surface removal, bulk erosion, surface roughness, and reflectivity degradation after exposure in an EUV source. A thin Au segregating layer is maintained through segregation during exposure, even though overall erosion in the Mo-Au film is taking place in the bulk. The reflective material, Mo, underneath the segregating layer is protected by this sacrificial layer, which is lost due to preferential sputtering. The experimental results are presented on the effectiveness of the GS alloys to be used as the potential EUV collector optics material by comparing to the pure Ru and Mo films. The effect of the surface removal rate on the GS performance is also investigated.
Adaptation mechanisms in spatial vision--II. Flash thresholds and background adaptation.

Abstract To examine how the mechanisms of light adaptation affect spatial pattern vision, contrast detection thresholds were measured for sinusoidal (increment-Gabor) probes on flashed backgrounds in the presence of steady adapting backgrounds. The thresholds for all spatial frequencies (1–12 c/deg), flashed-background intensities (dark to 4 log td) and adapting-background intensities (dark to 4 log td) were adequately described by a simple model consisting of a compressive nonlinearity (a modified Naka-Rushton function), a subtractive adaptation factor, and a multiplicative adaptation factor. For all five subjects the compressive nonlinearity was found to vary systematically with spatial frequency; for all but one subject, the subtractive and multiplicative factors were found to be relatively constant.
Analysis of global multiscale finite element methods for wave equations with continuum spatial scales

In this paper, we discuss a numerical multiscale approach for solving wave equations with heterogeneous coefficients. Our interest comes from geophysics applications and we assume that there is no scale separation with respect to spatial variables. To obtain the solution of these multiscale problems on a coarse grid, we compute global fields such that the solution smoothly depends on these fields. We present a Galerkin multiscale finite element method using the global information and provide a convergence analysis when applied to solve the wave equations. We investigate the relation between the smoothness of the global fields and convergence rates of the global Galerkin multiscale finite element method for the wave equations. Numerical examples demonstrate that the use of global information renders better accuracy for wave equations with heterogeneous coefficients than the local multiscale finite element method.