cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Isolation and partial characterization of mutagen-sensitive and DNA repair mutants of Chinese hamster fibroblasts.

Through a new approach, we have sought to isolate ultraviolet light (UV)-sensitive and DNA repair mutant Chinese hamster fibroblasts. The procedure consisted of 1) mutation induction by 5-bromodeoxyuridine (Brd U)-blacklight and UV treatments; 2) incorporation of 3H-thymidine in repair-proficient cells at high temperature (38.5 degrees C) following UV damage; 3) cold holding (4.0 degrees C) of these cells to induce tritium killing; and 4) recovery and testing of repair-deficient and UV-sensitive cells which have survived and formed colonies at low temperature (34.0 degrees C). In our initial attempt at this protocol, we isolated 72 surviving colonies from 2 x 10(7) cells plated for selection. Of the 72 colonies, 20 demonstrated potential interest and four were selected for extensive study. One, identified as UVs-7, is slightly more sensitive to UV, but not sensitive to X rays or N-acetoxy-2-acetylaminofluorene (NAc-AAF). The mutant exhibits a highly reduced level of unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS), as compared to the parental line. Two additional lines, UVs-40 UVs-44, are sensitive to UV, X ray, N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), and NAc-AAF, but exhibit normal UDS. A fourth line, UVr-23, has enhanced UDS, is resistant to UV, but exhibits no difference in sensitivity to x ray or NAc-AAf. These mutants aremore » all stable, and should be useful for the study of mammalians DNA repair processes and mechanisms of mutagenesis.« less
Fetal surgery for congenital diaphragmatic hernia.

Diaphragmatic hernia occurs when any of the four separate structures making up the diaphragm (the septum transversum, pleuroperitoneal membranes, dorsal mesentery of the esophagus, and body wall) fail to grow toward each other or to fuse by the eighth week after conception. The resulting diaphragmatic defect becomes a portal through which abdominal structures can herniate into the thorax (see Figure). In many cases, abdominal organs slide in and out of the thorax intermittently throughout gestation, with apparently little permanent effect on the developing lungs and heart. If there are no other anomalies and the defect is not part of a . . .
Three-Dimensional Recirculation Flow in a Backward Facing Step

The flow field behind a small aspect ratio (channel width/step height = 3) backward-facing step is examined using laser Doppler anemometer. All three velocity components inside the separation region are surveyed in detail. The velocity profile just upstream of the step is laminar and two-dimensional. The velocity field reveals that the reattachment and the flow in the recirculation zone are highly three-dimensional due to the small aspect ratio.
Visual Neglect can be Object-Based or Scene-Based Depending on Task Representation

Three patients with visual neglect were tested on their ability to detect target letters at ipsilesional and contralesional locations on a monitor, and at different locations within large shapes on the monitor. When patients were asked to detect targets within the entire monitor, they showed neglect for all the contralesional hemifield. In contrast when they were asked to detect targets within a particular object, they showed object-based neglect. In these two conditions the displays, the targets and the response were identical, with the only difference being the space that is represented for the task. These results show that the reference frame of visual neglect may be altered by task-instructions changing how a structured visual scene is represented, with neglect applying to the contralesional side of this represented space.
Preferred and energetically optimal gait transition speeds in human locomotion

A widespread assumption of previous researchers is that the gait transition during human locomotion takes place at speeds that minimize metabolic energy consumption. The primary purpose of this investigation was to determine, by direct measurements, whether changing gaits is actually an energy saving mechanism. The secondary purpose of the experiment was determine whether the sense of effort, as measured by a Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE), was greater for walking or running at the preferred transition speed (PTS). Twenty young, healthy adults (10 males, 10 females) walked on a treadmill at five speeds ranging from 70-110% of their individually measured PTS, and ran at five speeds ranging from 90-130% of their PTS while VO2 was monitored to determine each individual's energetically optimal transition speed (EOTS). Although the EOTS found during this study (2.24 m.s-1) was significantly greater than the PTS (2.06 m.s-1), RPE was significantly greater while walking at the PTS (13.5) than running at the PTS (10.0), suggesting that the gait transition during human locomotion does not take place in order to minimize metabolic energy consumption.
Isolation-only transactions for mobile computing

The Unix File System(UFS) has historically offered a shared-memory consistency model. The lack of concurrency control makes this model susceptible to read/write conflicts, i.e., unexpected read/write sharing between two different processes. For example, the update of a header file by one user while another user is performing a long-runningmake can cause inconsistencies in the compilation results. In practice, read/write conflicts are rare for two reasons. First, the window of vulnerability is relatively small because read/write conflicts only occur when the executions of two processes overlap. Second, they are often prevented via explicit user-level coordination.
Biliary complications after liver transplantation in children.

To evaluate the role of interventional radiologic procedures in the diagnosis and treatment of biliary complications in children after liver transplantation, the authors reviewed the cases of 58 pediatric patients who underwent transplantation over a 4-year period. In 21 patients suspected of having biliary complications, 31 diagnostic percutaneous transhepatic cholangiographic studies, 19 transhepatic biliary drainages, eight pressure-flow studies, five percutaneous drainages of abdominal fluid collections, 11 balloon dilations, and one basketing procedure were performed. Biliary complications were seen in 38% of allografts, with obstruction being more common than leakage. Complications were most frequent in patients with cholecystojejunostomy reconstructions. Only two children had biliary complications that were thought to be related to arterial compromise. No significant intervention was required in 17% of complications. Percutaneous techniques were associated with a low frequency of significant compli...
Surfactant/cosurfactant association and emulsion stability

The stability of emulsions with an anionic surfactant combined with dodecanol and ethylene glycol dodecyl ether, respectively, was studied. The stability of the emulsion with the nonionic compound as cosurfactant was superior. The results are discussed, with the phase diagrams of water and the cosurfactant as a basis. The phase diagram of the nonionic compound shows a lamellar liquid crystal of superior stability against high water contents.
Evacuation of Passive Integrated Transponder (PIT) Tags from Northern Pikeminnow Consuming Tagged Juvenile Chinook Salmon

Abstract Prey fish implanted with passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags can be used in predation studies if the timing of tag evacuation from the predators is understood. Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine how PIT tags in juvenile Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha that were consumed by northern pikeminnow Ptychocheilus oregonensis were evacuated in relation to various parameters. The rate of evacuation was directly related to temperature, while predator size and the number of prey consumed had less effect on the timing of tag evacuation. A power model was fitted to predict the proportion of tags expected to be evacuated at different intervals after ingestion. These results could be used in planning field or laboratory predation experiments with PIT-tagged prey fish.
Biomechanical evaluation of the relation between number of suture anchors and strength of the bone-tendon interface in a goat rotator cuff model.

Purpose: The effect of contact area between tendon and bone on ultimate pullout strength of a repaired tendon is not known. The purpose of this study was to test whether the strength of a healed bone–tendon interface is related to the amount of tendon that is in contact with bone at the time of repair. Methods: A total of 20 mature goats underwent bilateral open rotator cuff repair of the infraspinatus tendon. The tendon edge was repaired to bleeding cancellous bone in each case with the use of suture anchors. The tendon was repaired with 2 anchors (contact area A; n=20) on 1 shoulder and 4 anchors (contact area B; n=20) on the contralateral shoulder. Ten goats were euthanized at 4 weeks (group 1) and 10 goats at 8 weeks (group 2) postoperatively. Twelve specimens were evaluated with ultrasound in the sagittal and coronal planes in a saline bath before mechanical testing was conducted. Ultimate load to failure was reported for each shoulder. Data were analyzed by means of a paired t test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results: Ultrasound evaluation revealed several instances in groups 1/2 and contact areas A/B in which clear gap formation occurred without scar (collagen) interdigitation at the bone–tendon interface. Failures occurred at the bone–tendon repair site in all specimens during biomechanical testing. The mean load to failure for all specimens in group 1 was 350.7 N; it was 619.4 N for specimens in group 2 ( P = .0002). In group 1, specimens with contact area A had a mean load to failure of 317.3 N; specimens with contact area B had a mean load to failure of 375.5 N ( P = .15). In group 2, specimens repaired with contact area A had a mean ultimate load to failure of 635.8 N, whereas contact area B specimens had an ultimate failure strength of 688.5 N ( P = .45; Wilcoxon signed-rank). Conclusions: Increasing the number of suture anchors and the surface area of the tendon that is in contact with bone at the repair site increased the ultimate load to failure of the repaired tendon at both 4 and 8 weeks postoperatively by less than 10% at both intervals. This was not a statistically significant increase in failure strength in this model. Clinical Relevance: This animal model shows no statistically significant differences in strength at the repair site between a 2-anchor and a 4-anchor rotator cuff repair. This information may have direct clinical applications for the surgical technique employed in the repair of rotator cuffs.
A protective relay voting scheme utilizing automation controllers

This paper explores utilizing a programmable automation controller (PAC) in a power system relay protection scheme. The adaptive voting scheme (AVS) uses a wide-area measurement system (WAMS) to classify the system operating state, and biases the protection scheme towards security or dependability based on stressed or normal conditions, respectively. The use of an automation controller to integrate with WAMS devices and perform voting logic is proved highly effective. The injected delays from the PAC in the protection scheme are taken into consideration, and minimized to a maximum value of 3.18 ms.
Chronotropic response of cultured neonatal rat ventricular myocytes to short-term fluid shear.

Ventricular myocytes are continuously exposed to fluid shear in vivo by relative movement of laminar sheets and adjacent cells. Preliminary observations have shown that neonatal myocytes respond to fluid shear by increasing their beating rate, which could have an arrhythmogenic effect under elevated shear conditions. The objective of this study is to investigate the characteristics of the fluid shear response in cultured myocytes and to study selected potential mechanisms. Cultured neonatal rat ventricular myocytes that were spontaneously beating were subjected to low shear rates (5–50/s) in a fluid flow chamber using standard culture medium. The beating rate was measured from digital microscopic recordings. The myocytes reacted to low shear rates by a graded and reversible increase in their spontaneous beating rate of up to 500%. The response to shear was substantially attenuated in the presence of the β-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol (by 86±8%), as well as after incubation with integrin-blocking RGD peptides (by 92±8%). The results suggest that the β-adrenergic signaling pathway and integrin activation, which are known to interact, may play an important role in the response mechanism.
Bringing Order to the Literature of Health Education

The literature of health education for the public is in disarray. It is jumbled, confused, and untidy. It is an omnium-gatherum of science, pseudoscience, tenuous theory, and unmitigated claptrap. ...
Work-Group Cohesion:

Work-group cohesion has been closely related to a number of variables as the present survey suggests. The content can be useful in teaching, developing research, instrument development, and exploring the hypothesized relations.
A Weighted Modified Due Date Rule for Sequencing to Minimize Weighted Tardiness

Priority dispatching for minimizing job tardiness has been the subject of research investigation for several decades. Minimizing weighted tardiness however has considerably more practical relevance, but for this objective only a few dispatching rules have been advanced and scientifically compared. We introduce here a new rule, which we call “Weighted Modified Due Date” (WMDD) and test its effectiveness against other competing rules that have been developed for weighted tardiness. The test is accomplished via a simulation study of a simple queueing system and by static problem analysis. The WMDD rule is found to compare favorably to all the rules tested.
Effects of Heat Generation in an Air Hydrostatic Journal Bearing

A rather complete heat transfer analysis is carried out for a specific air hydrostatic bearing. The effects of viscosity variation and thermal deformations are included. The result is a prediction of film temperature of the bearing at high speed. Torque and temperature measurements are made on the subject bearing and show fair correlation with the theory.
Compliance and persistency in glaucoma follow-up treatment.

Purpose of reviewTo summarize research published between 1980 and October 2004 regarding compliance (the extent to which patients' behaviors correspond with providers' recommendations) and persistency (total time on therapy) in patients diagnosed with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension; to s
DIFFERENCES IN THE TIMING OF PRECHONDROGENIC LIMB DEVELOPMENT IN MAMMALS: THE MARSUPIAL–PLACENTAL DICHOTOMY RESOLVED

In contrast to placentals, marsupials are born with forelimbs that are greatly developmentally advanced relative to their hind limbs. Despite significant interest, we still do not know why this is the case, or how this difference is achieved developmentally. Studies of prechondrogenic and chondrogenic limbs have supported the traditional hypothesis that marsupial forelimb development is accelerated in response to the functional requirements of the newborn's crawl to the teat. However, limb ossification studies have concluded that, rather than the forelimb being accelerated, hind limb development is delayed. By increasing the taxonomic coverage and number of prechondrogenic events relative to previous studies, and combining traditional phylogenetic analyses of event sequences with novel analyses of relative developmental rates, this study demonstrates that the timing of limb development in marsupials is more complex than commonly thought. The marsupial phenotype was derived through two independent evolutionary changes in developmental rate: (1) an acceleration of the forelimb's first appearance and (2) a delay of hind limb development from the bud stage onward. Surprisingly, this study also provides some support for an evolutionary acceleration of the marsupial hind limb's first appearance. Further study is needed on the developmental and genetic mechanisms driving these major evolutionary transitions.
Water-impact force calculation and analysis for aircraft over sea contacted by waves

When modern aircrafts above water flying over sea in a very low height, the flight height is limited by the sea state. Bad sea state can not only cause the attitude overturning and dropping into the water, but also break the aircraft structure through the water-impact force, therefore the safety problem of aircraft should be considered. In this paper, the water-impact force of a typical symmetrical aircraft flying above sea is researched. Based on the water-impact force model, an analysis on the force related to trajectory angle and equivalent pitch angle is presented. Also the water-contact condition, which is due to the water-impact overload limitation, to make sure aircraft contacted by waves safe without attitude overturning and structure broken, is proposed.
Gas permeation and separation by aqueous membranes immobilized across the whole thickness or in a thin section of hydrophobic microporous Celgard films

Abstract An experimental study of the preparation and gas permeation characterization of aqueous membranes immobilized across the whole thickness or in a thin section of microporous hydrophobic Celgard 2400 and 2500 polypropylene films is described. Such films are identified as fully exchanged immobilized liquid membranes (ILMs) and ultrathin ILMs, respectively. Pure component permeation of N 2 and separation characteristics of CO 2 N 2 mixtures through fully exchanged aqueous ILMs have been studied in the range of 127—1106 cmHg applied pressure difference. The values of the tortuosity factor for the Celgard 2400 and 2500 support films have been determined over a wide pressure range and compared with other independent estimates reported in the literature. Pure N 2 permeation and separation characteristics of CO 2 N 2 mixtures through ultrathin ILMs prepared from 0.00254 cm thick ILMs of pure water by controlled evaporation of water in Celgard 2400 films have been described. The stability of fully exchanged and ultrathin ILMs of pure water in Celgard films for pure N 2 permeation and separation of CO 2 N 2 mixtures upto pressures of about 1100 cmHg and over extended periods of operation has been studied.
A comparison of traditional food and health strategies among Taiwanese and Chinese immigrants in Atlanta, Georgia, USA

Background: Ethnobotanical studies on the use of plants amongst migrant populations are of great relevance to public health. Traditional health strategies, which incorporate plants as medicines, foods, or both – can play an important role in individual well-being. However, at the same time, migrant populations’ traditional knowledge of such practices may be under a state of greater threat of decline due to factors such as limited access to the plant materials and physical isolation from the homeland, which serves as the primary living reservoir for this knowledge. Methods: In this study, we conducted a medical ethnobotanical survey focusing on a comparison of local medicinal food and health strategies with members of two Asian immigrant populations in metro-Atlanta: Chinese and Taiwanese. Snowball sampling techniques were employed to recruit 83 study participants, 57 of which were included in the final analysis. Semi-structured interview techniques were used to question participants about their beliefs and usage of the yin yang system, usage of Chinese herbs and medicinal foods, preference and usage of Eastern and Western medicines, and gardening for medicinal foods. Results and conclusion: Comparison of the two groups demonstrated a remarkable difference in health strategies concerning medicinal plant use, including statistically significant differences in beliefs concerning yin and yang, uses of Eastern versus Western medicine, and gardening for medicinal foods. Domestic health strategies in the form of medicinal foods play an important role in local health practices, especially among the Taiwanese participants. The collective desire for the use of both Eastern and Western medicine by both groups highlights the important role that cultural competency training will play in preparing allopathic health practitioners to serve increasingly diverse patient populations in the US.
Maintaining an Adequate Supply of RNs in California

Purpose: Over the past 2 years, concerns have arisen about the adequacy of the supply of RNs in California and the rest of the United States. Nurse leaders have called upon the California State Legislature to respond to concerns by increasing funding for RN education at public colleges and universities. Design: Descriptive—to ascertain whether California faces a shortage of RNs and whether greater state government funding of RN educational programs is necessary to alleviate such a shortage. Secondary data from several sources were analyzed. Methods: Cross-sectional analysis of data from the 1996 National Sample Survey of Registered Nurses concerning California RNs' demographic characteristics and employment patterns was conducted. Longitudinal analysis of data was examined for trends in California's population, utilization of RNs, and graduations from RN education programs. Findings: Approximately 230,000 RNs lived in and were licensed to practice in California; 77% of California RNs were employed in nursing (70% working full-time; 30% part-time). Only a small number of California RNs were not currently working in nursing but were likely to enter the labor market. Most RNs who were not working were older retired women. Conclusions: A large increase in the RN workforce is needed to keep pace with the rapid growth of California's population. For California to maintain a stable ratio of RNs to population, we estimated an additional 43,000 RNs will be needed by 2010, and an additional 74,000 will be needed by 2020. Educators, employers, and state policymakers should implement concerted and coordinated efforts to avert a shortage. The magnitude of the impending shortage of RNs in California is too large for the RN labor market to resolve. State government should provide additional resources for basic RN education programs.
Advancing coalition theory: the effect of coalition factors on community capacity mediated by member engagement

Community coalitions have the potential to enhance a community’s capacity to engage in effective problem solving for a range of community concerns. Although numerous studies have documented correlations between member engagement and coalition processes and structural characteristics, fewer have examined associations between coalition factors and community capacity outcomes. The current study uses data from an evaluation of the California Healthy Cities and Communities program to examine pathways between coalition factors (i.e. membership, processes), member engagement (i.e. participation, satisfaction) and community capacity as hypothesized by the Community Coalition Action Theory (CCAT). Surveys were completed by 231 members of 19 healthy cities and communities coalitions. Multilevel mediation analyses were used to examine possible mediating effects of member engagement on three community capacity indicators: new skills, sense of community and social capital. Results generally supported CCAT. Member engagement mediated the effects of leadership and staffing on community capacity outcomes. Results also showed that member engagement mediated several relationships between process variables (i.e. task focus, cohesion) and community capacity, but several unmediated direct effects were also observed. This suggests that although member engagement does explain some relationships, it alone is not sufficient to explain how coalition processes influence indicators of community capacity.
Understanding Older Adults’ Health and Social Memory Needs in the Home

Understanding the role of environmental support that home offers and the measures older adults take to deal with memory issues can provide useful insights in the design of memory support systems. One of the main objectives of this research was to understand the nature and context of memory failures and successes older adults experience in the home. In particular we compared the specifics of memory issues within health and social domains and the strategies and support aids used to address those issues. Self-reports about memory functioning were gathered from 26 independently living older adults (65-80 years in age) through structured interviews and a memory questionnaire. Overall, more problems, more frequent forgetting, and less effective strategies were reported for remembering names and conversations compared to other social/interpersonal activities and health-related tasks. We infer that strategies and memory supports that work for prospective memory do not work as well for retrospective social tasks.
Altiero Spinelli and the Idea of the US Constitution as a Model for Europe: The Promises and Pitfalls of an Analogy

Altiero Spinelli believed European integration needed to draw inspiration from the US constitutional founding. The article uses Spinelli’s analogy to assess how useful it is to compare the predicament of European integration with US constitutional politics. The analysis reveals both how Spinelli exaggerated the extent to which the US Constitution established and delimited federal political authority once and for all as well the way in which, despite its functionalist non-constitutional origins, the EU has experienced its own brand of constitutional politics. The analogy is thus most useful in showing how both polities faced similar tensions over the process of constitutionalism, restraining unit sovereignty and the institutionalization of popular sovereignty at the federal level.
The hydraulic characteristics and geochemistry of hyporheic and parafluvial zones in Arctic tundra streams, north slope, Alaska

Sodium bromide and Rhodamine WT were used as conservative tracers to examine the hydrologic characteristics of seven tundra streams in Arctic Alaska, during the summers of 1994–1996. Continuous tracer additions were conducted in seven rivers ranging from 1st to 5th order with samples collected from instream, hyporheic, and parafluvial locations. Tracer data was used as input for a computer model to estimate hydrologic characteristics of each study reach. While solute concentrations during the tracer additions indicated that steady-state or ‘‘plateau’’ conditions had been reached, interstitial samples indicated that there were additional hyporheic and parafluvial zones that had not been fully labeled at the time of apparent steady state in the stream channel (plateau). Exchange between channel and hyporheic water was a function of location within a pool–riffle sequence, with rapid downwelling at the head of riffles and delayed upwelling in riffle tails. The extent of exchange between channel and hyporheic water was positively correlated with apparent streambed hydraulic conductivity. Tracer additions indicated interstitial velocities ranging from 0.030 to 0.075 cm s � 1 and hydraulic conductivities from 2.4 to 12.2 cm s � 1 . Hyporheic and in-channel samples were collected for N, P, DO, and CO2 analyses in conjunction with conservative tracer additions in four of the stream reaches for which the interstitial velocities were also determined. Transformation rates based on these data indicated that there was rapid nitrification of mineralized organic N and production of ammonium, phosphate, and carbon dioxide in the interstitial zones of all four reaches. Dissolved oxygen did not appear to be limiting in the reaches studied. The hyporheic zone of all four reaches was a source of nitrate, carbon dioxide, and ammonium to the channel water based on the average concentration of upwelling waters. Increased contact time with hyporheic and parafluvial zones was related to decreased temperature and increased conductivity. Net nitrogen flux from the hyporheic zone was equivalent to 14–162% of benthic N uptake requirements for the Kuparuk River. These observations are important because we expected that the presence of continuous permafrost in this Arctic environment would limit the importance of hyporheic processes, either physically (i.e., through the presence of a restricting thaw bulb in the permafrost) or biogeochemically (i.e., through low temperatures). Instead, we found that biogeochemical processes in the hyporheic zone of these Arctic streams are at least as important as it is in similar temperate stream ecosystems. 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Is Resilience Only Skin Deep?: Rural African Americans’ Socioeconomic Status–Related Risk and Competence in Preadolescence and Psychological Adjustment and Allostatic Load at Age 19

Many African American youth may develop high levels of allostatic load, a measure of physiological wear and tear on the body, by developing psychosocial competence under conditions of high risk related to socioeconomic status (SES). The current study was designed to test this hypothesis, which is based on John Henryism theory. In a representative sample of 489 African American youth living in the rural South, cumulative SES-related risks and teacher-reported competence were assessed at ages 11 to 13; depressive symptoms, externalizing behavior, and allostatic load were assessed at age 19. The data revealed that rural African American preadolescents who evinced high psychosocial competence under conditions of high cumulative SES-related risk displayed low levels of adjustment problems along with high allostatic load at age 19. These results suggest that, for many rural African Americans, resilience may indeed be only "skin deep."
Evolution of polypyrimidines in Drosophila.

ABSTRACT We surveyed 101 different Drosophila species for the presence of a particular highly repetitive DNA sequence containing long tracts of polypyrimidine/ polypurine DNA, first found in D. melanogaster . Out of 55 tested species in the melanogaster group, only the sibling species D. simulans and D. mauritiana , as well as one distant relative in the ananassae subgroup, D. varians , contained the same sequence. All four of these species have long pyrimidine tracts as shown by acid hydrolysis of labelled DNA. All four species have the same sequence, but the amount of this polypyrimidine/polypurine DNA varies greatly. Four other species in the hydei subgroup were found to contain a poly-pyrimidine/polypurine sequence, with an oligonucleotide composition different from that of D. melanogaster . This polypyrimidine DNA varies from as much as 10% of the total DNA in D. nigrohydei, to as little as 0.4% in D. neohydei . The long pyrimidine tracts in the hydei subgroup are often more than a thousand nucleotides in length, representing exceedingly homogeneous repetitious sequences. These results show a rapid but discontinuous pattern of evolution for polypyrimidine/polypurine DNA. These sequences are not species specific, yet closely related species have greatly different amounts of polypyrimidines. Drastic changes occur in the amounts of these satellite type DNA sequences, as if the sequence had no continuous selective advantage in evolution. The implications of these results with regard to the general function and evolution of satellite DNA are discussed.
Atomic processes in antihydrogen experiments: a theoretical and computational perspective

One possible route for a precision test of the CPT theorem is to perform spectroscopic measurements on the antihydrogen atom and compare the results with those from hydrogen. We present a review of the existing theoretical and computational treatments of atomic processes important for understanding the experiments to make and trap the antihydrogen atom. The emphasis of this review is on the behaviour and properties of the charged species in these devices (electrons, positrons and antiprotons) and the properties of the antihydrogen that can be formed.
Analysis of algorithmic structures with heterogeneous tasks

Developing efficient programs for distributed systems is difficult because computations must be efficiently distributed and managed on multiple processors. In particular, the programmer must partition functions and data in an attempt to find a reasonable balance between parallelism and overhead. Furthermore, it is very expensive to code an algorithm only to find out that the implementation is not efficient. As a result, it is often necessary to determine and examine those characteristics of an algorithm that can be used to predict its suitability for a distributed computing system. In earlier work (Wilson, 1994 and Wilson and Gonzalez, 1994), we presented a framework for the study of synchronization and communication effects on the theoretical performance of common homogeneous algorithmic structures. In particular, we examined the synchronous, asynchronous, nearest-neighbor, and asynchronous master-slave structures in terms of expected execution times. In this paper, we examine the effects of synchronization and communication on the expected execution times of heterogeneous algorithmic structures. Specifically, we consider structures containing two different types of tasks, where the execution times of the tasks follow one of two different uniform distributions or one of two different normal distributions. Furthermore, we compare the expected execution times of the heterogeneous algorithmic structures with times for corresponding homogeneous structures. Finally, we develop bounds for the expected execution times of the heterogeneous structures and compare those bounds to simulated execution times.
Research Methodology in Strategic Management: Past Accomplishments and Future Challenges

Despite being a relatively young discipline, strategic management has grown dramatically in size and influence over the past few decades. As with any field, the findings generated within strategic ...
Embolic central retinal artery occlusion detected by orbital color Doppler imaging.

Abstract Objective To describe the detection of emboli to the retrobulbar circulation using orbital color Doppler imaging in patients with central retinal artery occlusions (CRAO) without visible retinal emboli. Design Noncomparative, retrospective, observational case series. Patients and methods Twenty-nine patients with CRAO, without funduscopic evidence of embolic material within the retinal arterioles, underwent neuroophthalmic examination and evaluation with orbital color Doppler imaging. Main outcome measures The detection of retrobulbar plaques using orbital color Doppler imaging. Results Nine of 29 (31%) patients with CRAO demonstrated hyperechoic retrobulbar plaques. All nine patients had visual acuity of counting fingers or worse at presentation. Six of the nine patients (67%) had a history of hypertension, and seven (78%) had coronary artery disease as vascular risk factors for arterial occlusive disease. Two of the nine patients (22%) subsequently died from cardiac-related events. Conclusions This study demonstrates that orbital color Doppler imaging is an important diagnostic procedure for establishing embolism as the cause of CRAO when no emboli are visible in the retinal circulation. This noninvasive technology enables prompt differentiation of embolic disease from arterial occlusion caused by intrinsic atherosclerosis, vasospasm, or vasculitis from giant cell arteritis. Recognition of emboli has important management implications for these patients.
Integration of Imaging Signs into RadLex

Imaging signs form an important part of the language of radiology, but are not represented in established lexicons. We sought to incorporate imaging signs into RSNA's RadLex® ontology of radiology terms. Names of imaging signs and their definitions were culled from books, journal articles, dictionaries, and biomedical web sites. Imaging signs were added into RadLex as subclasses of the term “imaging sign,” which was defined in RadLex as a subclass of “imaging observation.” A total of 743 unique imaging signs were added to RadLex with their 392 synonyms to yield a total of 1,135 new terms. All included definitions and related RadLex terms, including imaging modality, anatomy, and disorder, when appropriate. The information will allow RadLex users to identify imaging signs by modality (e.g., ultrasound signs) and to find all signs related to specific pathophysiology. The addition of imaging signs to RadLex augments its use to index the radiology literature, create and interpret clinical radiology reports, and retrieve relevant cases and images.
Emuli: model driven sensor stimuli for experimentation

We describe Emuli - a method of replacing sensor data with a network-wide model of stimuli events. Sensor readings are generated on demand from the modeling data stored at each device. This approach allows for both repeatable and variable experimentation with a network of physical devices for existing and planned sensing modalities. We illustrate the approach with (i) a light sensor and (ii) a hypothetical range sensor used in a tracking application.
Ganciclovir, Foscarnet, and Cidofovir: Antiviral Drugs Not Just for Cytomegalovirus

A child who received a second bone marrow transplant 3 weeks ago as part of treatment for relapsed leukemia has developed fever along with low grade mucositis. The child has been on an acyclovir prophylaxis regimen. Viral culture of an oral specimen has grown herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1. Serum quantitative polymerase chain reaction tests for cytomegalovirus (CMV) show a 2-log increase in viral load after onset of fever compared with 2 weeks prior. The Hematology-Oncology fellow who calls you for a consult expresses that, in addition to the CMV issue, there is concern that the HSV isolate may be resistant to acyclovir.
Quality Assessment as a Form of Continuing Dental Education: Changing Dentist Clinical Performance

Individualized clinical assessment of 105 volunteer dentists in Washington State was an experiment in continuing dental education. The two-year study evaluated the effect of counseling on the improvement of individual dentist performance as it affected the proportion of serviceable restorations. The results showed a significant difference.
Planned cesarean delivery compared to induction of labor in women with class III obesity: a cost-minimization analysis (.).

AbstractObjective: To compare the costs between planned cesarean delivery (CD) and induction of labor (IOL) in women with class III obesity.Methods: We conducted a cost-minimization analysis using data from a previous study of women with a BMI ≥40 kg/m2 delivering term singletons via planned CD or after IOL. Decision trees were built with branches for two “treatments”: planned CD and IOL (probabilities derived from parent study). Direct and total costs were obtained for each mother–infant pair. Sensitivity analyses for probability of successful IOL were performed.Results: A total of 661 mother–infant pairs were included – 399 IOLs and 262 planned CDs. Of 399 IOLs, 236 (59%) delivered vaginally and 163 (41%) had a CD. IOL was slightly less costly. For IOL and planned CD, respectively, direct costs were $7416 versus $7474, and total costs were $11 545 versus $11 665. Sensitivity analyses indicated that IOL was the least costly strategy if the probability of vaginal delivery after IOL was >57% (0.575 for dir...
Improving a Pipeline Architecture for Shallow Discourse Parsing

We present a system that implements an end-to-end discourse parser. The system uses a pipeline architecture with seven stages: preprocessing, recognizing explicit connectives, identifying argument positions, identifying and labeling arguments, classifying explicit and implicit connectives, and identifying attribution structures. The discourse structure of a document is inferred based on these components. For NLP analysis, we use Illinois NLP software1 and the Stanford Parser. We use lexical and semantic features based on function words, sentiment lexicons, brown clusters, and polarity features. Our system achieves an F1 score of 0.2492 in overall performance on the development set and 0.1798 on the blind test set.
Medical Fsas: An Expected Value Analysis

Professors Franklin Lowenthal and Philip Storrer of the College of Business and Economics at California State University, Hayward, present the results of their expected value analysis of the optimal amount to contribute to a medical savings account.
Screening for and Estimating the Prevalence of Essential Tremor: A Random-Digit Dialing-Based Study in the New York Metropolitan Area.

Background: There are nearly no published screening instruments for essential tremor (ET). This is a remarkable fact, given its high prevalence. Here, we assess t
EU Consumer Rights Directive: Getting it Right

This paper was solicited by the House of Lords, European Union Committee, as evidence in a report on the proposed EU Consumer Rights Directive. The paper explains how consumer laws in the fifty states of the U.S. are not harmonized, and that national efforts to create uniform consumer laws in the U.S. have generally not been successful over the years. Experimentation among the states has created a diverse array of consumer protection programs, and interstate economic activity has not suffered as a consequence.
Rhythmic Precipitation of Pneumococcal Soluble Specific Substances and Antipneumococcal Sera

ConclusionThese observations on the rhythmic precipitation of pneumococcal antigen-antibody reactions suggest that the phenomenon is comparable to that occurring with crystalloids in a gel.
c-Fos oncogene regulator Elk-1 interacts with BRCA1 splice variants BRCA1a/1b and enhances BRCA1a/1b-mediated growth suppression in breast cancer cells.

Elk-1, a c-Fos protooncogene regulator, which belongs to the ETS-domain family of transcriptional factors, plays an important role in the induction of immediate early gene expression in response to a variety of extracellular signals. In this study, we demonstrate for the first time the in vitro and in vivo interaction of Elk-1 with BRCA1 splice variants BRCA1a and BRCA1b using GST-pull down assays, co-imunoprecipitations/Western blot analysis of cell extracts from breast cancer cells and mammalian two-hybrid assays. We have localized the BRCA1 interaction domain of Elk-1 protein to the conserved ETS domain, a motif involved in DNA binding and protein–protein interactions. We also observed binding of BRCA1 proteins to other ETS-domain transcription factors SAP1, ETS-1, ERG-2 and Fli-1 but not to Elk-1 splice variant ΔElk-1 and c-Fos protooncogene. Both BRCA1a and BRCA1b splice variants function as growth suppressors of human breast cancer cells. Interestingly, our studies reveal that although both Elk-1 and SAP-1 are highly homologous members of a subfamily of ETS domain proteins called ternary complex factors, it is only Elk-1 but not SAP-1 that can augment the growth suppressive function of BRCA1a/1b proteins in breast cancer cells. Thus Elk-1 could be a potential downstream target of BRCA1 in its growth control pathway. Furthermore, we have observed inhibition of c-Fos promoter activity in BRCA1a transfected stable breast cancer cells and over expression of BRCA1a/1b attenuates MEK-induced SRE activation in vivo. These results demonstrate for the first time a link between the growth suppressive function of BRCA1a/1b proteins and signal transduction pathway involving Elk-1 protein. All these results taken together suggest that one of the mechanisms by which BRCA1a/1b proteins function as growth/tumor suppressors is through inhibition of the expression of Elk-1 target genes like c-Fos.
Experimental retinal detachment in the owl monkey. VI. The ERG of the detached and reattached retina.

The ERG was used to assess the alteration of retinal function induced by experimental retinal detachment and surgical reattachment in owl monkeys.
Electron Channeling Analysis of Strained Iron Aluminide Films

Relaxation modeling for strained epitaxial films depends strongly on the acquisition of accurate structural information. Electron channeling provides such information from bulk samples in a scanning electron microscope and hence is not subject to thin specimen artifacts. Electron channeling patterns (ECPs) were obtained from thin ( ~ 100A), partially relaxed iron aluminide films grown by MBE on thick ( ~ 1mm) AlAs/GaAs (100) substrates. These systems exhibited low critical thicknesses as determined by in-situ reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED). Variation of SEM accelerating voltage provided ECPs from depths ranging from film only to film + substrate. High diffraction order lines were analyzed kinematically to determine lattice parameters in the strained film. ECP and RHEED indicated an elastic strain in the film of approximately 1.2%. A linear elastic finite element approach was then used to estimate the degree of strain redistribution into the substrate in a thinned TEM specimen. Results indicated that reducing the substrate thickness to below ten times the film thickness can decrease the elastic strain in the film by 0.5%.
Continuous Laboratory Culture of the Locust Borer, Megacyllene robiniae

Procedures are described for initiating and maintaining a laboratory culture of Megacyllene robiniae (Forster) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). The prepared food medium contains agar, water, cellulose, black locust powder, wheat germ, sucrose, casein, Wesson's salts, choline chloride, ascorbic acid, methyl and butyl parahydroxybenzaldahyde, sorbic acid, and a vitamin mixture. Seven generations have been reared in the study. A life cycle from egg to adult is completed in a minimum of 50 days and a maximum of 143. Under field conditions the normal life cycle was 1 year. First-generation survival of 52% increased to 76% in the 6th generation.
Doing Gender Online: New Mothers’ Psychological Characteristics, Facebook Use, and Depressive Symptoms

Online social networking sites, such as Facebook, have provided a new platform for individuals to produce and reproduce gender through social interactions. New mothers, in particular, may use Facebook to practice behaviors that align with their mothering identity and meet broader societal expectations, or in other words, to “do motherhood.” Given that Facebook use may undermine well-being, it is important to understand the individual differences underlying new mothers’ experiences with Facebook during the stressful first months of parenthood. Using survey data from a sample of 127 new mothers with Facebook accounts residing in the U.S. Midwest, we addressed two key questions: (a) Are individual differences in new mothers’ psychological characteristics associated with their use and experiences of Facebook? and (b) Are new mothers’ psychological characteristics associated with greater risk for depressive symptoms via their use and experiences of Facebook? Regression analyses revealed that mothers who were more concerned with external validation of their identities as mothers and those who believed that society holds them to excessively high standards for parenting engaged in more frequent Facebook activity and also reported stronger emotional reactions to Facebook commentary. Moreover, mothers who were more concerned with external validation were more likely to have featured their child in their Facebook profile picture. Mediation analyses indicated that mothers who were more prone to seeking external validation for their mothering identity and perfectionistic about parenting experienced increases in depressive symptoms indirectly via greater Facebook activity.
Evaluation Framework for HIV Prevention and Care Activities in the Enhanced Comprehensive HIV Prevention Planning Project, 2010-2013

Objective.The Enhanced Comprehensive HIV Prevention Planning (ECHPP) project was a demonstration project implemented by 12 U.S. health departments (2010–2013) to enhance HIV program planning in cit...