cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Selenium:Mercury Molar Ratios in Freshwater Fish from Tennessee: Individual, Species, and Geographical Variations have Implications for Management

Vertebrates, including humans, can experience adverse effects from mercury consumed in fish. Humans often prefer large predatory fish that bioaccumulate high mercury levels. Recent attention has focused on the role of selenium countering mercury toxicity, but there is little research on the selenium:mercury molar ratios in freshwater fish. We examine selenium:mercury molar ratios in freshwater fish from Tennessee at Poplar Creek which receives ongoing inputs of mercury from the Department of Energy’s Oak Ridge Y-12 facility. Our objective was to determine variation of the ratios within species that might affect the protectiveness of selenium against mercury toxicity. Within species, the ratio was correlated significantly and positively with fish length only for two species. There was great individual variation in the selenium:mercury molar ratio within each species, except striped bass. The lack of a clear relationship between the selenium:mercury molar ratio and fish length, and the intraspecific variation, suggests that it would be difficult to use the molar ratio in predicting either the risk from mercury toxicity or in devising consumption advisories.
Walsh-Transform Analysis of Discrete Dyadic-Invariant Systems

This short paper shows how the sampled output of a dyadic-invariant linear system with a given sequency-domain transfer function, in response to a sampled input, can be determined by 1) a term-wise multiplication of the sampled transfer function and the discrete Walsh transform of the sampled input function, followed by an inverse Walsh transform, or 2) a discrete dyadic convolution of the sampled impulse response and the sampled input directly in the time domain. Functions in both time and sequency domains are represented by column matrices, and discrete Walsh transformation is effected simply by the multiplication with a Walsh matrix. An example is included to illustrate both procedures. The validity of the solutions is further verified by showing that the governing dyadic differential equation of the system is satisfied.
Inhibition of in Vitro Endosomal Vesicle Fusion Activity by Aminoglycoside Antibiotics

The effects of two aminoglycoside antibiotics, neomycin and Geneticin, on the endocytic pathway were studied using a cell-free assay that reconstitutes endosome-endosome fusion. Both drugs inhibit the rate and extent of endosome fusion in a dose-dependent manner with IC50 values of ∼45 μM and ∼1 mm, respectively. Because the IC50 for neomycin falls within the range of affinities reported for its binding to acidic phospholipids, notably phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2), these data suggest that negatively charged lipids are required for endosome fusion. A role for negatively charged lipids in membrane traffic has been postulated to involve the activity of a PIP2-dependent phospholipase D (PLD) stimulated by the GTP-binding protein ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF). Although neomycin blocks endosome fusion at a stage of the in vitroreaction that is temporally related to steps inhibited by cytosolic ARFs when they bind guanosine-5′-γ-thiophosphate (GTPγS), these inhibitors appear to act in a synergistic manner. This idea is confirmed by the fact that addition of a PIP2-independent PLD does not suppress neomycin inhibition of endosome fusion; moreover,in vitro fusion activity is not affected by the pleckstrin homology domain of phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C δ1, which binds to acidic phospholipids, particularly PIP2, with high affinity. Thus, although aminoglycoside-sensitive elements of endosome fusion are required at mechanistic stages that are also blocked by GTPγS-bound ARF, these effects are unrelated to inhibition of the PIP2-dependent PLD activity stimulated by this GTP-binding protein. These results argue that there are additional mechanistic roles for acidic phospholipids in the endosomal pathway.
Reported and Measured Physical Functioning in Older Inner-City Diabetic African Americans

Background. The impact of diabetes on disability and physical functioning in older African Americans and potential causes of the excessive disability associated with diabetes in other studies have been inadequately investigated.Methods. A population-based survey was performed comparing 116 self-reported diabetic inner-city African Americans aged 70 years and older to 522 nondiabetic persons from the same population. A subsample (n = 168) received a physical examination focused on body habitus, upper and lower body strength, balance, and timed physical performance tasks. Blood tests were obtained from 173 subjects.Results. Diabetic individuals reported worse general health (p = .01), instrumental activities of daily living (p = .02), and modified versions of the Rosow-Breslau scale (p < .001) and the Stanford Health Assessment Questionnaire (p = .002). Diabetic persons also reported more falls (0.59 per person vs 0.20, p = .019) and injurious falls (12% vs 6%, p = .025). There were minimal differences in the strength, balance, and timed performance measures (analyzed separately by gender). In multivariable analyses, impairments in visual function and pain and light touch perception appeared to explain some of the association between diabetic status and poor general health, disability, and falls, with lesser contribution from the number of medical problems, number of medications, and glycemic control.Conclusions. Older inner-city diabetic blacks demonstrated worse general health, excess disability, and more falls compared to controls, although deficits in strength, balance, and timed performance could not be demonstrated. The cause of decreased functional status in diabetic elders deserves additional investigation, focusing especially on sensory function, glycemic control, and contribution from specific medical problems and medications.
Effects of electrode and boundary-layer temperatures on MHD generator performance

Experiments were performed in a combustion-driven MHD generator to determine the effects of electrode temperature and boundary-layer temperature on its performance. The generator was a single electrode pair guarded to avoid end effects by two electrode pairs both upstream and downstream. However, end effects were found to be small, so the tests can be interpreted in terms of a five-electrode-pair generator. The electrodes were held at three temperature levels--775°, 1475°, and 1685°K--by controlling individual cooling circuits. Two electrode boundary-layer temperature profiles were investigated: one resulting from a hot (2400°K) upstream wall, and the other resulting from a cold (750°K) water-cooled plate that replaced the normal upstream electrode wall. Probes were installed in the insulator side wall between the center pair of electrodes to measure the voltage profile in the gas. Visual and photographic observations of the electrodes were made. It was found that the generator with hot electrodes downstream of the hot walls produced about seven times the power of the generator with cold dectrodes downstream of cold walls. Electrode voltage drops, obtained from the side wall probe data, were found to vary with load current, electrode temperature, and upstream wall temperature. Cathode voltage drops were higher than anode voltage drops, but the difference decreased with increasing electrode temperature and upstream wall temperature. An analytical model was postulated to interpret the data. The ohmic resistance of the boundary layer was calculated by integrating an equilibrium conductivity profile through the boundary layer to a point one Debye length from the electrode surface. The calculated values agree with resistance of the anode boundary layer obtained from probe data. The difference between resistances of cathode and anode boundary layers was attributed to surface and/or sheath effects at the cathode.
Partial Pressure of Carbon Dioxide in Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants Supported by Nasal Prongs Continuous Positive Airway Pressure

Objective. Traditionally, delivery room management of extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants consisted of immediate intubation and mechanical ventilation. There have been recent reports of success using nasal prongs continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) in this population. Data on the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (Pco 2 ) in spontaneously breathing ELBW infants is very limited. The objective of this study was to determine the trend of the average Pco 2 in the spontaneously breathing ELBW infants, while on NCPAP, during the first week of life and to determine whether a brief period of mechanical ventilation affects the Pco 2 levels after extubation. Methods. This is a retrospective cohort study of infants who had birth weights 2 levels while on NCPAP were compared between the 2 groups. Minimum and maximum Pco 2 levels were also compared with a third group of infants (group 3), who were intubated for >48 hours and treated mainly with mechanical ventilation during the first week of life. Results. Sixty-two ELBW infants were included in this study: 24 infants in group 1, 19 infants in group 2, and 19 infants in group 3. There was no significant difference between the average Pco 2 levels of group 1 and group 2 during the first week of life. The daily Pco 2 level during the first week of life for infants who were breathing spontaneously on NCPAP had a mean value of 39.73 ± 1.78 mm Hg. There was no difference between the daily average minimum Pco 2 levels among the 3 groups. Group 3, however, had significantly higher maximum Pco 2 levels compared with the first 2 groups during days 2 through 7 of life. Conclusions. Daily average Pco 2 levels in the spontaneously breathing ELBW infants during the first week of life remains at approximately 40 mm Hg. These levels seem to be unaffected by an initial brief period of mechanical ventilation. Infants who are treated with longer periods of mechanical ventilation have higher daily maximum Pco 2 levels during the first week of life. Additional studies are required to detect neurodevelopmental outcomes of these 3 groups.
Developing the Test and Evaluation Infrastructure at AEDC for Space Sensor Testing

The Arnold Engineering Development Center (AEDC) has developed significant test and evaluation (T&E) infrastructure for the characterization and calibration of space-based and airborne sensor systems. The 7V and 10V Chambers both provide a suite of radiometric target systems that operate in a simulated space background (~ 20K) and allow complete evaluation of sensor performance within a single test installation. These space simulation test chambers offer a means of performing high-quality, economical, and timely state-of-theart T&E to satisfy a variety of space system testing requirements. Such ground test capabilities are crucial for reducing the system development risk of the latest technologies developed for sensor platforms. Complex target systems that provide the ability to evaluate system performance against representative mission scenarios are included in both test chambers. The 7V Chamber is a state-of-the-art cryogenic/vacuum facility providing calibration and high-fidelity mission simulation for infrared seekers and sensors against a low-infrared background. The 10V Chamber hardware-in-the-loop (HWIL) chamber has undergone several checkout tests in the past two years to establish its performance. Upgrades to each chamber are being pursued to keep pace with evolving sensor technologies, such as a short focal length collimator (SFLC) system for 7V to enhance dynamic 2-D projection over a larger test field of view. This paper reports the current status of these chambers and planned modifications for their continued development to meet test customer requirements in areas such as satellite emulation and wide- field-of-view (WFOV) testing.
Aerobic fitness is associated with hippocampal volume in elderly humans

Deterioration of the hippocampus occurs in elderly individuals with and without dementia, yet individual variation exists in the degree and rate of hippocampal decay. Determining the factors that influence individual variation in the magnitude and rate of hippocampal decay may help promote lifestyle changes that prevent such deterioration from taking place. Aerobic fitness and exercise are effective at preventing cortical decay and cognitive impairment in older adults and epidemiological studies suggest that physical activity can reduce the risk for developing dementia. However, the relationship between aerobic fitness and hippocampal volume in elderly humans is unknown. In this study, we investigated whether individuals with higher levels of aerobic fitness displayed greater volume of the hippocampus and better spatial memory performance than individuals with lower fitness levels. Furthermore, in exploratory analyses, we assessed whether hippocampal volume mediated the relationship between fitness and spatial memory. Using a region-of-interest analysis on magnetic resonance images in 165 nondemented older adults, we found a triple association such that higher fitness levels were associated with larger left and right hippocampi after controlling for age, sex, and years of education, and larger hippocampi and higher fitness levels were correlated with better spatial memory performance. Furthermore, we demonstrated that hippocampal volume partially mediated the relationship between higher fitness levels and enhanced spatial memory. Our results clearly indicate that higher levels of aerobic fitness are associated with increased hippocampal volume in older humans, which translates to better memory function.
Satellite formation and merging in liquid jet breakup

An experimental investigation of the breakup of a liquid jet using high-speed motion pictures has revealed many different breakup mechanisms. The influence of disturbance amplitude and frequency on the breakup mechanism for a Weber number range of 25 to 160 is considered. The jet breakup is grouped into several distinct regions, depending on the disturbance wavelength ($\lambda $), and the undisturbed jet diameter (D). These include the random breakup region for $\lambda $/D 11. Except for the random region ($\lambda $/D < 3), all the other regions show repeatable patterns of breakup. The boundaries between some of the distinct patterns are obtained for various Weber numbers and disturbance amplitudes. A new type of satellite merge is also discovered which is referred to as the reflexive merging satellite. Other features of the jet breakup, such as satellite/drop size ratio and breakup times, are also considered in detail.
A cross-sectional study of applied bioethical reasoning in pharmacy students and preceptors.

Objective: To compare ethical principles most often utilized by pharmacy students and preceptors to determine plan of action for an ethical dilemma and to determine if ethical principles utilized are the same for individuals in the postconventional range Method: A two part survey was administered to a convenience sample of pharmacy students and preceptors. The first part was comprised of an original measure, the Pharmacy Ethical Dilemmas Survey (PEDS), that was developed to assess participants’ action choices on healthcare-related ethical dilemmas and which moral rule or ethical principle was most influential in their decision. The second part was comprised of the Defining Issues Test. Results: Patient autonomy and non-maleficience were the primary bioethical principles applied by students but pharmacists applied non-maleficience, patient autonomy, and also pharmacist autonomy. For all scenarios, students were more likely to rely on the principle of beneficence, while preceptors were more likely to rely on the pharmacist’s right to autonomy. In the analysis of application of bioethical principles by higher and lower principled reasoning individuals, only in the assisted suicide scenario did the two groups agree on the primary principle applied with both groups relying predominantly on patient autonomy. Conclusion: Students and preceptors utilize different bioethical principles to support how they would handle each ethical dilemma but P-scores do not play a role in determining which bioethical principles were used to justify their action choices.
Milk Production in High Producing Dairy Cows as Influenced by Corn Silage Quality

Greater milk production is the promised outcome for selecting corn hybrids with various traits that impact forage quality. Our objective was to select a set of hybrids most likely to exhibit differences in forage quality and evaluate milk production of cows fed a high forage diet. Four hybrids were selected for the feeding trial: a leafy hybrid (Mycogen TMF 100; Mycogen Seeds, Indianapolis, IN), a brown midrib (BMR) hybrid (Mycogen BMR F407), and two conventional hybrids varying in fiber digestibility (Pioneer 36B08 [Conventional 1 {CONV1}] and Pioneer 35P12 [Conventional 2 {CONV2}]; Pioneer Hybrid International, Inc., Des Moines, IA). Diets were formulated to provide 1.0% BW as forage NDF (approximately 32% NDF) and were balanced to meet or exceed NRC requirements. Fifty-six cows were fed for 56 d. The DMI of cows fed the BMR and the leafy hybrid total mixed rations (TMR) were greater than those of cows fed the other hybrids. Differences in milk production reflected the differences in intake. Cows fed the BMR (41.7 kg/d) and leafy hybrid (42.1 kg/d) TMR were not different from each other in milk production, but had greater (P≤0.05) milk
Direct numerical simulation of settling of a large solid particle during bioconvection

Settling of a large solid particle in bioconvection flow caused by gyrotactic microorganisms is investigated. The particle is released from the top of the bioconvection chamber; its settling pattern depends on whether it is released in the centre of the bioconvection plume or at its periphery. The Chimera method is utilized; a subgrid is generated around a moving particle. The method suggested by Liu and Wang (Comput. Fluid 2004; 33:223-255) is further developed to account for the presence of a moving boundary in the streamfunction-vorticity formulation using the finite-difference method. A number of cases for different release positions of the particle are computed. It is demonstrated that bioconvection can either accelerate or decelerate settling of the particle depending on the initial position of the particle relative to the plume centre. It is also shown that the particle impacts bioconvection plume by changing its shape and location in the chamber.
Extended −10 Motif Is Critical for Activity of the cspA Promoter but Does Not Contribute to Low-Temperature Transcription

Bacterial promoters belonging to the extended -10 class contain a conserved TGn motif upstream of the -10 promoter consensus element. Open promoter complexes can be formed on some extended -10 Escherichia coli promoters at temperatures as low as 6 degrees C, when complexes on most promoters are closed. The promoter of cspA, a gene that codes for the major cold shock protein CspA of E. coli, contains an extended -10 motif. CspA is dramatically induced upon temperature downshift from 37 to 15 degrees C, and its cold shock induction has been attributed to transcription, translation, and mRNA stabilization effects. Here, we show that though the extended -10 motif is critical for high-level expression of cspA, it does not contribute to low-temperature expression. In fact, transcription from the wild-type cspA promoter is cold sensitive in vitro and in vivo. Thus, transcription appears to play little or no role in low-temperature induction of cspA expression.
Auditory and visual word processing studied with fMRI

Brain activations associated with semantic processing of visual and auditory words were investigated using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). For each form of word presentation, subjects performed two tasks: one semantic, and one nonsemantic. The semantic task was identical for both auditory and visual presentation: single words were presented and subjects determined whether the word was concrete or abstract. In the nonsemantic task for auditory words, subjects determined whether the word had one syllable or multiple syllables. In the nonsemantic task for visual words, subjects determined whether the word was presented in lower case or upper case. There was considerable overlap in where auditory and visual word semantic processing occurred. Visual and auditory semantic tasks both activated the left inferior frontal (BA 45), bilateral anterior prefrontal (BA 10, 46), and left premotor regions (BA 6) and anterior SMA (BA 6, 8). Left posterior temporal (middle temporal and fusiform gyrus) and predominantly right-sided cerebellar activations were observed during the auditory semantic task but were not above threshold during visual word presentation. The data, when averaged across subjects, did not show obligatory activation of left inferior frontal and temporal language areas during nonsemantic word tasks. Individual subjects showed differences in the activation of the inferior frontal region while performing the same task, even though they showed similar response latency and accuracy. Hum. Brain Mapping 7:15-28, 1999. r 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Intravenous thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke in the 3- to 4·5-hour window--the Malabar experience.

OBJECTIVE: To review our experience with thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator in the 3- to 4·5-hours window in acute ischemic stroke. BACKGROUND: Intravenous thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator has been shown to be beneficial up to 4·5-hours of symptom onset. DESIGN/METHODS: Prospective observational study of patients with acute ischemic stroke thombolysed between 3- and 4·5-hours after onset from July 2009 to October 2012 at a tertiary-care center in the Malabar region of South India. The dose of rTPA used was 50 mg in all patients. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were similar to ECASS-3 criteria, we did not use an age cutoff of 80 years and did not restrict thrombolysis for previous stroke with diabetes or elevated blood glucose. Good outcome was defined as a three-month modified Rankin Score of 2 or less. Chi-square test was used to compare the outcome among various subtypes of ischemic stroke. Age, blood glucose, NIHSS Score, and time to thrombolysis were compared between groups with the Mann-Whitney U-test. RESULTS: Thirty-one patients (median age 65 years, range 44-85, and median NIHSS Score 10, range 5-22) were thrombolysed in the 3- to 4·5-hours window after stroke onset during the study period. In the first 24 h, 16 patients (52%) improved in National Institute of Health Stroke Scale Score by 4 or more points while three worsened by 4 or more points. At the three-month follow up, 15 patients (48%) were functionally independent (modified Rankin Score ≤2). None had symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage. There was no significant difference in outcome between the various ischemic stroke sub-types. The baseline age, NIHSS Score, blood glucose, and onset to treatment time did not differ significantly between the groups with good and poor outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Our initial experience confirms that thrombolysis for ischemic stroke in the extended window is safe and beneficial. Disclosure: Dr. Ummer has nothing to disclose. Dr. Salam has nothing to disclose. Dr. Noone has nothing to disclose. Dr. Kumar has nothing to disclose.
Influence of parasitism and soil compaction on pupation of the green bottle fly, Lucilia sericata

The influence ofparasitoids andsoil compaction onpupation behavior ofblowflieswas examined in a host‐parasitoid system involving Lucilia sericata (Meigen) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) and Nasonia vitripennis (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Larvae of L. sericata were introduced to containerswithsoilofdifferentcompactionlevels,withorwithoutparasitoids.AlthoughfemalesofN.vitripennis did not significantly affect the pupation depth of L. sericata, they increased the rate of pupal development by 15.0‐23.7 h at 28.4 ± 1.2 � C, and increased the clumping of puparia. Pupation depth of L. sericata was negatively related to soil compaction; mean depth of pupation was 4.4 cm in uncompacted soil and 0.5 cm in high-compaction soil. In high-compaction soil, pupal development increased by 10.5‐18.8 h at 25.2 ± 0.3 � C, and puparia were clumped.These results provide a framework for locating puparia in forensic investigations and releasing appropriate parasitoids for biologicalcontrolofblowflies.
Dietary NaCl and KCl do not regulate renal density of the thiazide diuretic receptor

We tested the postulate that the renal density of the thiazide-inhibitable Na-Cl cotransporter or thiazide receptor (TZR) is modulated as part of the renal homeostatic response to changes in dietary intake of NaCl or KCl. Renal excretion of NaCl or KCl varied >10-fold in response to alterations in oral intake. Renal TZR density was quantitated by binding of [3H]metolazone to renal membranes. Renal TZR density was not altered by sodium deficit (with increased plasma aldosterone concentration), by sodium surfeit (8% NaCl content of diet), by potassium deficit (with hypokalemia), or by potassium surfeit (drinking 1% KCl solution). Unexpectedly, we conclude that regulation of the renal density of TZR is not part of the renal homeostatic responses that adjust excretion of NaCl and KCl to changes in dietary intake of NaCl or KCl.
Yoga for the New Woman and the New Man: The Role of Pierre Bernard and Blanche DeVries in the Creation of Modern Postural Yoga

Pierre Bernard and his wife, Blanche DeVries, were among the earliest proponents of postural yoga in America. In 1924, they created the Clarkstown Country Club, where yoga was taught to affluent and influential clientele. The network created through this endeavor not only popularized yoga in the West but also advanced the reinvention of yoga as a science of health and well-being rather than as a religious practice. This article suggests that the pair9s success in marketing yoga coincided with a shift in gender roles underway at the turn of the century. Economic and cultural changes led to the rise of a “New Woman” who was not only more financially independent but also more socially and sexually autonomous. At the same time, a crisis of masculinity led to the rise of the “New Man” as men sought out new cultural forms through which to restore their sense of manhood. Bernard9s success depended largely on his ability to capitalize on the perceived “otherness” of yoga, presenting it as a resource for Americans seeking to construct new forms of gender identity. Bernard borrowed from the physical culture movement and presented yoga as an antidote to the emasculating effects of modern society. DeVries taught a combination of yoga and sensual Orientalist dances that offered women a form of sexual autonomy and embodied empowerment. By utilizing these strategies, Bernard and DeVries helped lay important foundations for modern postural yoga and its associations with athleticism, physical beauty, and sexuality.
Non-parametric 3D map of the intergalactic medium using the Lyman-alpha forest

Visualizing the high-redshift Universe is difficult due to the dearth of available data; however, the Lyman-alpha forest provides a means to map the intergalactic medium at redshifts not accessible to large galaxy surveys. Large-scale structure surveys, such as the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS), have collected quasar (QSO) spectra that enable the reconstruction of H I density fluctuations. The data fall on a collection of lines defined by the lines of sight (LOS) of the QSO, and a major issue with producing a 3D reconstruction is determining how to model the regions between the LOS. We present a method that produces a 3D map of this relatively uncharted portion of the Universe by employing local polynomial smoothing, a non-parametric methodology. The performance of the method is analysed on simulated data that mimics the varying number of LOS expected in real data, and then is applied to a sample region selected from BOSS. Evaluation of the reconstruction is assessed by considering various features of the predicted 3D maps including visual comparison of slices, probability density functions (PDFs), counts of local minima and maxima, and standardized correlation functions. This 3D reconstruction allows for an initial investigation of the topology of this portion of the Universe using persistent homology.
Driving Innovation in Radiology: A Trainee Perspective on the 37th Annual Intersociety Summer Conference

preceding generations. We value relationships, look for meaning in our work, and hope to make a difference in the world. We like to be engaged and inspired. We value role models who demonstrate integrity, resourcefulness, and insight. Despite our generational differences, we have many similarities. Many questions about the needs and desires of our generation can be answered by asking, “What would I want?”
The External Consequences of Regional Integration for Pan-European RelationsInequality, Dependence, Polarization, and Symmetry

Although there is a large literature on regional integration, very little of it focuses on its external consequences. During the early years of the development of the European Economic Community (EEC) the attention of scholars focused on the internal problems and consequences of integration. This paper explores some of the external consequences of integration, particularly inequality, dependence, polarization, and symmetry. Since these terms have no generally accepted meaning, a substantial portion of the paper tries to develop these concepts and devise measurement expressions for them. A description of the European system is then provided in terms of these four variables, and an initial effort is made to provide an explanation for changes in the structure of the European system as a consequence of regional integration.
Personalizing Research: Special Educators' Awareness of Evidence-Based Practice.

ABSTRACTAlthough evidence-based practices are considered critical to student success, a research-to-practice gap exists. This qualitative study examined practicing special education teachers’ perceptions of their use of evidence-based practices. Special education teachers were interviewed and their classroom practices examined. Major themes emerged and findings revealed that (a) teachers believe they are using evidence-based practices, (b) teachers’ awareness of research varies, and (c) teachers’ personalization of research varies by awareness level. Awareness levels of credible evidence-based practices ranged from Aware, Partially Aware, and Unaware. Sources of evidence varied greatly from university coursework, research articles, co-workers’ ideas, and self-generated ideas. Personalization of evidence-based practices consisted of teachers adapting and modifying practices to meet their own needs, rather than relying on fidelity of treatment measures. Implications for the special education classroom are d...
The Pareto Principle: Another View

I very much appreciate the opportunity to respond to Jurgen Backhaus’s clever effort to bolster the Pareto principle as the fundamental concept of welfare economics and to finesse its major critiques without doing them complete justice. I find that while I agree, inevitably, with some of what he writes, I disagree with much.
Notes on the females of five species of Anthomyiidae from Sichuan, China (Diptera: Muscoidea)

The females of five species of Anthomyiidae collected from Western mountain regions, in Sichuan Province, China, namely, Anthomyia parvilamina Feng, 1987; Botanophila spinulibasis (Li et Deng, 1981); B.apodicra (Feng, 1987); Sinohylemya craspedodonta Hsue, 1980; Pegomya chinensis Hennig, 1973, were described and figured for the first time in China. The type species locality and female′s morphological characters were also reported.
Institution staff urinary calculus prealence and nursing countermeasures

Objective To understand the institution staff urinary calculus prevalence,discusses the nursing intervention measures.Methods From January 2010 to December 2010 1136 institution staff for healthy check-up,statistical urinary calculus sick and the results of statistical analysis,nursing intervention measures put forward.Results The urinary calculus incidence was 10.65%.Male prealence was 13.19%,the female prevalence was 2.87%,men and women,a statistically significant difference compared(χ2 = 23.55,P 0.01);rate of 51 years old group was higher than that under 50 years old group,the statistical analysis,a statistically significant difference(χ2 = 11.20,P 0.05);High age man team(61~70 years) rates as high as 25.93%,the first;Low age group(21 ~ 30 years old) prevalence rate of 7.78%.Conclusion Medical institutions,community health service center,television,newspapers and other media,all should strengthen the prevention and control of urinary calculus propaganda of knowledge,make people sick conducted without disease prevention of urinary calculus,reduce the prevalence has the important practical significance.
Investigation and analysis on the risk factors for chronic diseases among residents in a community in Liuzhou City

Objective To survey the prevalence of risk factors for chronic diseases among community residents in Liuzhou City so as to provide evidence for control of chronic diseases. Methods We randomly selected an urban community which administrated by a street office in Liuzhou City to consider as the survey spot. KISH method was used to identify 862 residents aged 15 years and above and selected from each sampled household to serve as the survey subjects. Results The prevalence of smoking was 22. 6%,with the male and female prevalence being 47. 9% and 1. 23% respectively,and the difference was statistically significant. The prevalence of drinking was 30. 04%. Residents with salty taste accounted for 33. 4%. 49. 07% of the residents ate meat every day and 11. 25% ate bacon. Residents reported drinking milk,eating bean products,eating vegetables and eating fruit accounted for 28. 77%,11. 02%,63. 34% and 39. 09%,respectively. 38. 56% of the residents did not take part in physical exercise in leisure time. The total prevalence of overweight was 31. 55%. The prevalence of obesity,over-standard waist circumference,coronary heart disease and chronic diseases was 2. 43%,26. 68% and 28. 65%,respectively. Conclusions The risk factors concerning the occurrence of chronic diseases are prevalent among the residents in Liuzhou City,including smoking,drinking,unbalanced diet,physical exercise deficiency,overweight and obesity. The results suggest that targeted interventions on the risk factors for chronic diseases should be conducted so as to effectively prevent the occurrence of chronic diseases.
Rapid miniaturized tests for bacteriuria: Microstix and bacturcult urine tests.

AbstractOf 4 methods for testing random urine samples for the presence of infection the standard hospital laboratory culture-colony counting was found by far to be the most accurate. Microscopy of urinary sediment, Microstix and Bacturcult produced too many falsely negative results to be useful in a clinical setting, where urine samples were collected throughout the day such as in an office or hospital outpatient clinic. Perhaps the last 2 tests would yield better results if urine samples were collected after at least 4 hours of incubation time in the bladder, as suggested by their proponents.
Who are Caregivers

Caregivers are present in some form in all societies. An estimated 65.7 million caregivers make up 29 % of the U.S. population providing care to someone who is ill, disabled, or aged. Caregiving is not a simple matter. It is a complex role usually added to other roles a person has in a family. Caregiving can become a long standing and stressful commitment if the family member has a chronic illness. Caregiving is a relationship that is continually changing. Hospice care requires flexible caregiving. In many instances a mix of professional and family caregivers provides care to patients, each contributing their skills, knowledge and support to the patient.
Cytology: Advances in flow and microscopy

The detection and analysis of changes in cell properties is perhaps the most basic component of pathology and many diagnostic tests. This presentation will discuss current and future tools for high content cellular analysis.
GPU computations for finite element optimization: A review of the methodology and problems for study

In finite element optimization, the computational load is a limiting issue. Parallelization has been the preferred route to overcome this problem but was again limited by the cost of computers and the number of processors available. The graphics processing unit (GPU) on a PC provides a means of implementing the massive computations on numerous parallel threads cheaply on PCs. This paper lays out recent work which is the way forward for making finite element optimization routine in the design of power frequency devices and nondestructive evaluation (NDE). Going beyond a review we present problems to be examined in GPU computations as fodder for research.
The ATLAS trigger menu: Design, performance and monitoring

The ATLAS trigger is a three-tiered system designed to select events of interest for the diverse ATLAS physics program. At the same time the rate of events has to be reduced in order to stay within the limitations of available resources such as the output bandwidth, processing power and recording rate. At design capacity, the LHC has a bunch-crossing rate of 40 MHz whereas the ATLAS detector has an average design recording rate of about 300 Hz. The decision to record an event is based on physics signatures found in the event such as energetic jets, leptons or large missing transverse energy. The ATLAS trigger menu consists of several hundred trigger chains which are used during data taking. Each chain defines the selection criteria at each of the three trigger levels for a single physics signature. Additionally, the trigger menu specifies, depending on the physics purpose of the trigger, at which given rate the trigger is run. We give a description of the trigger menu design for the data taking conditions of 2012 based on previous experience gained for various LHC luminosities that spanned many orders of magnitude in the years 2010 and 2011. We describe how the rates of the various triggers are determined and furthermore discuss the testing and validation of the trigger menu before being used for data taking.
Effect of disorder on the magnetic and electronic structure of a prospective spin-gapless semiconductor MnCrVAl

Recent discovery of a new class of materials, spin-gapless semiconductors (SGS), has attracted considerable attention in the last few years, primarily due to potential applications in the emerging field of spin-based electronics (spintronics). Here, we investigate structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of one potential SGS compound, MnCrVAl, using various experimental and theoretical techniques. Our calculations show that this material exhibits ≈ 0.5 eV band gap for the majority-spin states, while for the minority-spin it is nearly gapless. The calculated magnetic moment for the completely ordered structure is 2.9 μB/f.u., which is different from our experimentally measured value of almost zero. This discrepancy is explained by the structural disorder. In particular, A2 type disorder, where Mn or Cr atoms exchange their positions with Al atoms, results in induced antiferromagnetic exchange coupling, which, at a certain level of disorder, effectively reduces the total magnetic moment to zero. This...
A new concept tandem thermal dissociator/electron impact ionization source for RIB generation

Abstract An innovative thermal dissociation/electron impact ionization positive ion source is presently under design at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory for potential use for generating RIBs at the Holifield Radioactive Ion Beam Facility (HRIBF). Because of the low probability of simultaneously dissociating and efficiently ionizing the individual atomic constituents with conventional, hot-cathode, electron-impact ion sources, the ion beams extracted from these sources often appear as a mixture of several molecular sideband beams. In this way, the intensity of the species of interest is diluted. We have conceived an ion source that combines the excellent molecular dissociation properties of a thermal dissociator and the high efficiency characteristics of an electron impact ionization source. If the concept proves to be a viable option, the source will be used as a complement to the electron beam plasma ion sources already in use at the HRIBF. The design features and principles of operation of the source are described in this article.
Relaxation covert rehearsal for adaptive functioning in fourth-grade children

Sixty-two of the 70 most active and problematic of 162 fourth graders, as identified by teacher ratings, were randomly assigned to relaxation/covert rehearsal, story-listening, and waiting list groups. Children were evaluated before and after a 6-week treatment of two group sessions per week and again 4 months later, after the waiting list had also received relaxation/covert rehearsal training. Evaluations included teacher and parent ratings on the Conners Abbreviated Behavior Scale, Form B of the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory, grades in math, reading, spelling, and language arts, a spelling achievement test, and “blind” classroom observations and electromyographic measures. Hardly any evidence was obtained for the efficacy o/ group relaxation/covert rehearsal nor story listening in improving adaptive functioning. Previous reports of more positive results with children’s relaxation training may be spurious due to less rigorous controls.
An Experimental Investigation of Drunk Personality Using Self and Observer Reports.

Across various cultures there are robust stereotypes regarding how alcohol intoxication alters individuals’ normative personalities. However, whether these stereotypes are rooted in genuine average effects or in salient, socially proliferated exemplars remains unclear. The current study tested if differences between sober and intoxicated personality expression can be observed reliably by trained raters during a drinking episode. Participants (N = 156), half of whom received alcohol, attended laboratory sessions in same-gender friend groups and engaged in activities designed to elicit a range of personality expression. Participants completed self-reports of their “typical” sober and drunk personalities 2 weeks prior to their sessions and via two short measures during the session. In addition, participants were recorded and rated by multiple (range = 5–17) trained raters using three personality measures. Self-perceptions of sober-to-drunk personality differences were more pervasive than observer-perceptions...
Distributed Control and Real-Time Optimization of a Chemical Process

Abstract This work describes progress that has been made in the study of the interactions between dynamic control and steady state optimization of chemical processes. Current approaches to real-time optimization of systems are used, set points are optimized off line in a steady state model and then passed to decentralized process controllers. However, many current approaches to decentralized control design may fail to achieve stability of the optimal operating point due to the presence of uncontrolled dynamics. The process, though asymptotically stable, may settle at a sub-optimal operating point. An explanation of why this result occurs along with a method for determining whether a particular control strategy will display this result or not will be given. In this work a passivity based approach to control a process is used. This approach is used to study the stability of the uncontrolled dynamics and the characteristics of their limit points. It can then be shown that all feasible optimization solutions are stable and asymptotically optimal.
Towards addressing the patch overfitting problem

Current automatic program repair techniques often produce overfitting patches. Such a patch passes the test suite but does not actually repair the bug. In this paper, we propose two techniques to address the patch overfitting problem. First, we propose an automatic repair technique that performs syntactic code search to leverage bug-related code from a code database to produce patches that are likely to be correct. Due to the weak and incomplete program specification encoded in the test suite, a patch is still possible to be overfitting. We next propose a patch testing technique which generates test inputs uncovering the semantic differences between a patch and its original faulty program, tests if the patch is overfitting, and if so, generates test cases. Such overfitting-indicative test cases could be added to the test suite to make it stronger.
Influence of Hormones on Copper Metalloprotein Levels

In the last 15 years it has become abundantly clear that hormones can influence the levels of many different proteins including those containing trace metals. However, much remains to be learned concerning hormonal regulation of metalloproteins, particularly those containing copper. For instance, the response of every copper protein in every type of cell or fluid to every hormone, acting individually or in combination, awaits complete identification. Further, the mechanisms behind even presently identified hormonal effects have not been fully clarified. Finally, the metabolic and functional consequences of hormonally induced changes require additional study. The present paper will highlight the still limited information gathered thus far concerning hormonal control of copper metalloproteins.
Advances in vaccine technology

Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are the causative agent for recurrent respiratory papillomatosis, cancer of the cervix, and squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Vaccines are available to prevent infection with several of the HPV types that are responsible for causing these serious diseases. This chapter discusses the development, successes, and limitations of these prophylactic L1-based vaccines. Potential for L2-based vaccines to provide broad coverage to prevent infection with many HPV types is also discussed. Finally, research into treatment of established HPV infection and resultant disease using therapeutic vaccines is outlined.
Using Arts-Based Research Exercises to Foster Reflexivity in Qualitative Research

Re exivity is a ubiquitous, varied, and, at times, contentious concept in qualitative inquiry that presents challenges as we strive to understand and use the concept in our work. The authors present their collaborative understanding of re exivity using their semester-long research journals, re exivity models, collaborative poetry, and collage exercises as evidence. The article details how using arts-based research exercises in the classroom can facilitate understanding and use of the concept of re exivity.
Empirically Informed Clinical Interviewing for Personality Disorders

Individuals with diagnosed personality disorders constitute a sizable proportion of patients receiving outpatient psychodynamic therapy [1, 2]. Beyond the DSM-IV diagnosable conditions, personality is still a significant diathesis for psychopathology [3] and plays a predominant role in how patients use and respond to psychotherapy [4, 5]. How can clinicians gather information about personality functioning and psychopathology in a way that is both empirically reliable and clinically sensible?