cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Serum lipids in human cancer

Abstract The universal hyperlipemia observed in tumor-bearing animals is infrequent in human cancer. In the absence of liver dysfunction or other lipemic-producing conditions the plasma fatty acids in humans with far-advanced cancer remain within the normal range. When the liver becomes involved by metastases the plasma fatty acids become elevated. The increasing blood levels of fatty acids that occur in patients with hepatic metastases and deranged liver function may explain the thrombotic phenomena observed clinically in some gastrointestinal carcinomas. The lipid depletion so noticeable in human cancer represents mobilization of fat from the body depots. In the animal assay utilized in this study there was no evidence of a fat-mobilizing hormone in patients with far-advanced cancer. The increased mobilization of fat is most likely secondary to the ordinary neurohumoral adipokinetic responses to the stimulus of increased energy requirements and the energy deficit created by actively synthesizing tumor tissue combined with decreased caloric intake by the host.
Scrapeoff layer studies with an instrumented limiter

An instrumented limiter was used as a diagnostic to measure energy deposition and power fluxes in the scrapeoff layer. The limiter consisted of an array of 12 tiles, each equipped with a thermocouple. This arrangement represented a calorimeter array that yielded the total limiter energy and decay length of the power flux in the scrapeoff layer. Energy deposition and decay lengths are discussed for various plasma parameters.
Lu–Hf systematics of magmatic zircons reveal a Proterozoic crustal boundary under the Cretaceous Pioneer batholith, Montana

Abstract Lu–Hf systematics of magmatic zircons from quartz diorite and granodiorite plutons of the Late Cretaceous Pioneer batholith, Montana, indicate involvement of distinctly different crustal sources in the petrogensis of individual components of the batholith. Plutons of the eastern Pioneer batholith contain magmatic zircons with initial eHf values of − 28 to − 34 that crystallized in magmas likely derived from dominantly Archean and earliest Paleoproterozoic crust. Contemporaneous granodiorite in the western Pioneer batholith contains magmatic zircons with initial eHf values ranging from − 9 to − 33, but dominated by values between − 18 and − 22, which suggest a mixture of Paleoproterozoic and possible Mesoproterozoic sources. These data suggest that distinct segments of crust juxtaposed and produced during formation of the Great Falls tectonic zone (1.78–1.86 Ga) and the Belt basin (~ 1.43–1.47 Ga) contributed to magmatic compositions in the batholith and that these contributions are recorded in the magmatic zircons. The contrasting eHf distributions between eastern and western components of the Pioneer batholith suggest that an important crustal and/or lithospheric boundary underlies the Pioneer batholith. The Hf-isotopic results also suggest that the high P-wave velocity lower crust of the northern Rocky Mountains did not form in a single event.
Interspecies crosses in Paramecium aurelia (syngen 4 by syngen 8)

SYNOPSIS Two syngens (biologic species) of Paramecium aurelia that appear to be closely related were crossed. Parental stocks carrying different homozygous recessive marker genes were utilized to identify true hybrids (those that had undergone cross-fertilization followed by normal nuclear processes). From these crosses of syngens 4 and 8, 32% of the conjugants survived but only 9% (27% of the survivors) were true hybrids. All 19 viable hybrids recovered were cytoplasmically descended from the syngen 8 parent; but the viable nonhybrids were cytoplasmically descended from either of the 2 parents and with equal frequency from each. Surprisingly, the hybrids could not be infected with the symbiont kappa, even though they should have carried a K gene donated by their syngen 4 parent which is necessary and sufficient to allow infection of the syngen 4 parent stocks. The hybrids required special care to cultivate and were sterile, thus indicating that they are at an evolutionary dead end. However, one type of nonhybrid clone produced by the intersyngenic conjugants was able to produce viable progeny. It is speculated that genetic elements of the cortex and in the cytoplasm (e.g. mitochondria) could be transferred intersyngenically via this type of nonhybrid clone.
The Effect of Body Position and Forelimb Exercise on Cephalic Blood Flow

Flow through both common carotid, vertebral, and subclavian arteries was measured with "C-core" probes and square wave electromagnetic flowmeters in mongrel dogs. Exercise of the neurally isolated forelimb was simulated by electrical stimulation to obtain first clonic and then tetanic muscle contraction. Exercise was performed in the horizontal supine, 30° head-up, and 30° head-down positions. Bilateral forelimb exercise induced abrupt increase in subclavian artery flow and conductance. Cephalic arterial flow and conductance decreased at the onset of exercise and showed gradual recovery. Left subclavian artery flow and conductance decreased during right forelimb exercise. Right subclavian and brachiocephalic artery flow decreased during left forelimb exercise. Head-up position induced general decreases in cephalic blood flow in spite of increased mean arterial blood pressure. Response patterns of flow and conductance during bilateral exercise did not differ significantly from those in the horizontal supin...
Lipase-facilitated separation of organic acids in a hollow fiber contained liquid membrane module

Abstract A lipase-facilitated selective and continuous separation of difficult-to-separate mixtures of organic acids has been developed in a hollow fiber contained liquid membrane (HFCLM) device. The device consists of a well-mixed two-fiber-set hydrophobic microporous polypropylene hollow fiber membrane module where lipase from Candida rugosa (CRL) and lipase from porcine pancreas (PPL) were immobilized on the internal diameter of two identical sets of hollow fibers, respectively. The module shell side contained 20 v/v% octanol in n-heptane acting as the organic liquid membrane between the two commingled fiber sets. Two systems of model acid mixtures were selected to demonstrate this technique: (1) phenylacetic acid (PAA) and mandelic acids (MAs); (2) PAA and 6-aminopenicillanic acid (6-APA). Aqueous feed solution containing the acid mixtures and ethanol flowed through one fiber set; a stripping aqueous solution flowed through the second fiber set and was highly enriched in PAA. The separation factors of PAA over MAs and PAA over 6-APA were as high as 20 and 10, respectively. The esterification kinetics of PAA and ethanol catalyzed by CRL in batch experiment yielded Vmax and Km′ values to be 0.139 mmol/(h(mmol) CRL) and 62.2 mM, respectively. Much higher enzyme activities and enzyme stability were achieved in the HFCLM device due to immobilization of the lipases on the hydrophobic membrane surface where the organic–aqueous interface was immobilized and the ester produced was simultaneously transferred into the organic liquid membrane. The transport rate of PAA in the HFCLM device was 224 times higher than the Vmax measured in batch experiments.
Breaking-in Research

Great research, by definition, will have valuable impacts. But just because an activity is undertaken by a researcher and has valuable impacts does not make it great research&#x2014;or even research.
Designing glasses with tunable structure and properties by computer simulation

A normal solid becomes stiffer when squeezed and softer when heated. In contrast, silica glass behaves the opposite way: its elastic moduli decrease upon compression and increase upon heating. Silica glass is also known to densify under compression and radiations. These have been long-standing mysteries in materials science. Using molecular dynamics simulation, we uncovered the structural origins of the anomalous thermo-mechanical behaviors and mechanisms of permanent densification in silica glass. Accordingly, these anomalies can be attributed to localized structural transitions, analogous to those that occur in the crystalline counterparts. The irreversible densification in silica glass is achieved through structural transition involving bond breaking and re-formation under a combination of high pressure and temperature. We further revealed that the anomalous thermo-mechanical behaviors are inherently connected to the ability of the glass to undergo permanent densification. Our computer simulations demonstrate that by processing in ways that gradually eliminates anomalous thermo-mechanical behaviors, degree of the glass to undergo densification can be eventually eradicated. This provides the conceptual foundation for the bottom-up design of new glasses with tunable structure and properties.
Contemporary perspectives on luxury building in second-century BC Rome

Questo studio letterario contribuisce a sviluppare un aspetto sottovalutato della storia culturale di Roma, raccogliendo l'evidenza testuale contemporanea riguardo le attitudini all'investimento nell'architettura privata nel II secolo a.C. Scarso materiale archeologico soprawive a documentare le case di questo periodo, ma una stretta attenzione ai testi esistenti rivela un alto livello di sofisticazione nelle valutazioni morali ascritte alia costruzione e decorazioni domestiche. La mia analisi inizia con una ricognizione dei frammenti piu importanti delle orazioni di Catone il Vecchio, e in seguito si concentra quasi esclusivamente sulla Mostellaria di Plauto. Alcuni passaggi di questi lavori contraddicono l'immagine che autori romani piu tardi forniscono dei Romani di epoca medio-repubblicana come disinteressati a case costose o elaborate e non corrotti da un desiderio per il lusso. All'inizio del II secolo a.C, le stravaganze architettoniche erano gia entrate nel canone del vizio. Per di piu, la Mostellaria di Plauto fornisce una chiave di lettura delle differenze percepite tra altri lussi ritenuti piu probabilmente da disprezzare nel valore o da essere consumati, e i vizi di costruire cio che poteva essere considerato un investimento.
Ecohydrologic Process Modeling of Mountain Block Groundwater Recharge

Regional mountain block recharge (MBR) is a key component of alluvial basin aquifer systems typical of the western United States. Yet neither water scientists nor resource managers have a commonly available and reasonably invoked quantitative method to constrain MBR rates. Recent advances in landscape-scale ecohydrologic process modeling offer the possibility that meteorological data and land surface physical and vegetative conditions can be used to generate estimates of MBR. A water balance was generated for a temperate 24,600-ha mountain watershed, elevation 1565 to 3207 m, using the ecosystem process model Biome-BGC (BioGeochemical Cycles) (Running and Hunt 1993). Input data included remotely sensed landscape information and climate data generated with the Mountain Climate Simulator (MT-CLIM) (Running et al. 1987). Estimated mean annual MBR flux into the crystalline bedrock terrain is 99,000 m(3) /d, or approximately 19% of annual precipitation for the 2003 water year. Controls on MBR predictions include evapotranspiration (radiation limited in wet years and moisture limited in dry years), soil properties, vegetative ecotones (significant at lower elevations), and snowmelt (dominant recharge process). The ecohydrologic model is also used to investigate how climatic and vegetative controls influence recharge dynamics within three elevation zones. The ecohydrologic model proves useful for investigating controls on recharge to mountain blocks as a function of climate and vegetation. Future efforts will need to investigate the uncertainty in the modeled water balance by incorporating an advanced understanding of mountain recharge processes, an ability to simulate those processes at varying scales, and independent approaches to calibrating MBR estimates.
Ultraviolet Irradiation Induces the Accumulation of Chondroitin Sulfate, but Not Other Glycosaminoglycans, in Human Skin

Ultraviolet (UV) light alters cutaneous structure and function. Prior work has shown loss of dermal hyaluronan after UV-irradiation of human skin, yet UV exposure increases total glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content in mouse models. To more fully describe UV-induced alterations to cutaneous GAG content, we subjected human volunteers to intermediate-term (5 doses/week for 4 weeks) or single-dose UV exposure. Total dermal uronyl-containing GAGs increased substantially with each of these regimens. We found that UV exposure substantially increased dermal content of chondroitin sulfate (CS), but not hyaluronan, heparan sulfate, or dermatan sulfate. UV induced the accumulation of both the 4-sulfated (C4S) and 6-sulfated (C6S) isoforms of CS, but in distinct distributions. Next, we examined several CS proteoglycan core proteins and found a significant accumulation of dermal and endothelial serglycin, but not of decorin or versican, after UV exposure. To examine regulation in vitro, we found that UVB in combination with IL-1α, a cytokine upregulated by UV radiation, induced serglycin mRNA in cultured dermal fibroblasts, but did not induce the chondroitin sulfate synthases. Overall, our data indicate that intermediate-term and single-dose UVB exposure induces specific GAGs and proteoglycan core proteins in human skin in vivo. These molecules have important biologic functions and contribute to the cutaneous response to UV.
Rejecting small gambles under expected utility

This paper contributes to an important recent debate around expected utility and risk aversion. Rejecting a gamble over a given range of wealth levels imposes a lower bound on risk aversion. Using this lower bound and empirical evidence on the range of the risk aversion coefficient, we calibrate the relationship between risk attitudes over small-stakes and large-stakes gambles. We find that rejecting small gambles is consistent with expected utility, contrary to a recent literature that concludes that expected utility is fundamentally unfit to explain decisions under uncertainty. Paradoxical behavior is only obtained when calibrations are made in a region of the parameter space that is not empirically relevant.
Relief of fibromyalgia symptoms following discontinuation of dietary excitotoxins

BACKGROUND:Fibromyalgia is a common rheumatologic disorder that is often difficult to treat effectively.CASE SUMMARY:Four patients diagnosed with fibromyalgia syndrome for two to 17 years are described. All had undergone multiple treatment modalities with limited success. All had complete, or nearly complete, resolution of their symptoms within months after eliminating monosodium glutamate (MSG) or MSG plus aspartame from their diet. All patients were women with multiple comorbidities prior to elimination of MSG. All have had recurrence of symptoms whenever MSG is ingested.DISCUSSION:Excitotoxins are molecules, such as MSG and aspartate, that act as excitatory neurotransmitters, and can lead to neurotoxicity when used in excess. We propose that these four patients may represent a subset of fibromyalgia syndrome that is induced or exacerbated by excitotoxins or, alternatively, may comprise an excitotoxin syndrome that is similar to fibromyalgia. We suggest that identification of similar patients and resear...
Clustering based on matrix approximation: a unifying view

Clustering is the problem of identifying the distribution of patterns and intrinsic correlations in large data sets by partitioning the data points into similarity classes. Recently, a number of methods have been proposed and demonstrated good performance based on matrix approximation. Despite significant research on these methods, few attempts have been made to establish the connections between them while highlighting their differences. In this paper, we present a unified view of these methods within a general clustering framework where the problem of clustering is formulated as matrix approximations and the clustering objective is minimizing the approximation error between the original data matrix and the reconstructed matrix based on the cluster structures. The general framework provides an elegant base to compare and understand various clustering methods. We provide characterizations of different clustering methods within the general framework including traditional one-side clustering, subspace clustering and two-side clustering. We also establish the connections between our general clustering framework with existing frameworks.
Recent advances on electrical contact resistance: Theory and experiment

Summary form only given. Electrical contact is important to thin film devices and integrated circuits, carbon nanotubes based cathodes and interconnects, field emitters, wire-array Z pinches, metal insulator-vacuum junctions, and high power microwave sources, etc. Because of the surface roughness on a microscopic scale, true contact between two pieces of conductors occurs only at the asperities of the two contacting surfaces, leading to contact resistance. For a long time, the basic model for contact resistance remains that of Holm's a-spot, where the current flows through a circular disk constriction of a small radius a and zero thickness at the bulk interface. In this paper, we vastly extend Holm's a-spot theory to higher dimensions, including dissimilar materials in the main current channels and in the connecting bridge joining them. Both Cartesian and cylindrical channels have been analyzed. A scaling law for the contact resistance has been constructed for arbitrary values of the dimensions of the channels and bridges, and for arbitrary electrical resistivity in each section. This scaling law was confirmed against spot checks with the MAXWELL 3D code. It also recovers the same results for all known cases, including connecting bridges of the same resistivity. This latter special case was also confirmed in our recent experiments.
Increments Toward What

Incremental proposals to expand health insurance coverage, such as expansions of the State Children’s Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) or creation of new tax credits, should be examined for the values that underlie them and for how they structure future options for additional incremental coverage expansions. This paper examines five design issues in incremental reform: who determines coverage options for the newly insured; what risk pool do they enter; what is the government’s contribution toward their coverage; what barriers are created by efforts to encourage efficiency; and how are issues of federalism handled? Tax credits are a departure from past approaches, while an SCHIP expansion is a continuation of current policy directions.
Mark-copy: fast copying GC with less space overhead

Copying garbage collectors have a number of advantages over non-copying collectors, including cheap allocation and avoiding fragmentation. However, in order to provide completeness (the guarantee to reclaim each garbage object eventually), standard copying collectors require space equal to twice the size of the maximum live data for a program. We present a mark-copy collection algorithm (MC) that extends generational copying collection and significantly reduces the heap space required to run a program. MC reduces space overhead by 75--85% compared with standard copying garbage collectors, increasing the range of applications that can use copying garbage collection. We show that when MC is given the same amount of space as a generational copying collector, it improves total execution time of Java benchmarks significantly in tight heaps, and by 5--10% in moderate size heaps. We also compare the performance of MC with a (non-generational) mark-sweep collector and a hybrid copying/mark-sweep generational collector. We find that MC can run in heaps comparable in size to the minimum heap space required by mark-sweep. We also find that for most benchmarks MC is significantly faster than mark-sweep in small and moderate size heaps. When compared with the hybrid collector, MC improves total execution time by about 5% for some benchmarks, partly by increasing the speed of execution of the application code.
Temas y sistemas en educación: Hacia un modelo de observación

El presente documento es un intento de acercamiento hacia un modelo de observacion de las diversas tematizaciones que realizan los sistemas involucrados en la escuela (estudiantes, profesores, directivos, padres y apoderados, comunidad) a partir de la perspectiva sistemica en la version de Niklas Luhmann. Este trabajo se encuentra compuesto por dos partes: la primera tiene por proposito servir de breve introduccion a la teoria de sistemas de Luhmann y sus posibles implicancias para la investigacion en educacion; y en la segunda, se busca explorar las posibles aplicaciones teoricas al modelo de observacion de la tematizacion en la escuela aqui propuesto.
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests: Automation and Mechanization

Automation has come slowly to the clinical microbiology laboratory. In recent years, however, effort has been expended by microbiologists and by industry to develop automated or mechanized procedures for identifying bacteria and for testing antimicrobial susceptibility.
Preface: the role of reconstitution in cytoskeleton research.

PREFACE: THE ROLE OF RECONSTITUTION IN CYTOSKELETON RESEARCH Reconstitution is an experimental strategy that aims to recapitulate a cellular activity outside of a cell so that it can be studied in a “test tube”-like envi- ronment. Being able to manipulate molecules in vitro provides an unparal- leled opportunity to dissect mechanism in ways that cannot be easily achieved in a living cell. Many of the most important discoveries in cell and molecular biology in the twentieth century utilized reconstitution; examples include the classic mechanistic studies of DNA replication, ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation, protein insertion into the endo- plasmic reticulum, and vesicular trafficking to the cell surface. Reconstitution also has had a rich history in the cytoskeleton field. A notable early success was Albert Szent-Gyorgyi’s in vitro reconstitution of the contraction of actomyosin threads in the early 1940s (Szent-Gyo¨rgyi, 1942), which allowed him to dissect the molecules involved in muscle contraction. For cilia and flagella motility, Summers and Gibbons (1971) dem- onstrated microtubule sliding in permeabilized axonemes, which helped to understand how dynein motors drive axonemal beating. In the 1980s, Sheetz and Spudich (1983) directly observed the motility of myosin-coated beads along actin cables from dissected Nitella cells; shortly thereafter, the Spudich lab demonstrated myosin motility on purified actin filaments. At a similar time, several in vitro motility assays were developed for studying the molecular motors that drive the transport of membrane organelles in nerve cells (Vale, Schnapp, Reese, & Sheetz, 1985). Collectively, these in vitro assays were essential stepping stones for the single-molecule assays that soon followed. In vitro motility assays, single-molecule measurement techniques, and protein expression in bacteria or insect cells opened the doors to the study of many molecular motors that could not be easily studied in living cells. Thus, reconstitution was essential for broadening the investigation of cellular motility beyond the classical systems of muscle and cilia. Understanding the dynamic properties of cytoskeletal polymers also was aided by reconstitution strategies. Shinya Inoue first observed the dynamic nature of the cytoskeletal fibers that comprise the mitotic spindle (Inoue, 1953). More than two decades later, the polymerization and depolymeriza- tion of purified tubulin were demonstrated in vitro when the correct buffer conditions were identified (Weisenberg, 1972). Later, Mitchison and xix
Hypergroups and Signed Hypergroups

Hypergroups, as I understand them, have been around since the early 1970’s when Charles Dunkl, Robert Jewett and Rene Spector independently created locally compact hypergroups with the purpose of doing standard harmonic analysis. As one would expect, there were technical differences in their definitions. The standard, in the non-Soviet world, became Jewett’s 101-page paper [J] because he worked out a good deal of the basic theory that people would want. Bloom and Heyer’s book [BH] is a useful report on some of the mathematics that has been done on the basis of Jewett’s axioms.
Delayed benefit of naps on motor learning in preschool children

Sleep benefits memory consolidation across a variety of domains in young adults. However, while declarative memories benefit from sleep in young children, such improvements are not consistently seen for procedural skill learning. Here we examined whether performance improvements on a procedural task, although not immediately observed, are evident after a longer delay when augmented by overnight sleep (24 h after learning). We trained 47 children, aged 33-71 months, on a serial reaction time task and, using a within-subject design, evaluated performance at three time points: immediately after learning, after a daytime nap (nap condition) or equivalent wake opportunity (wake condition), and 24 h after learning. Consistent with previous studies, performance improvements following the nap did not differ from performance improvements following an equivalent interval spent awake. However, significant benefits of the nap were found when performance was assessed 24 h after learning. This research demonstrates that motor skill learning is benefited by sleep, but that this benefit is only evident after an extended period of time.
Duplicate Locks for Illinois Waterway

Results of a study by the Corps of Engineers indicating the advisability of providing duplicate locks along the Illinois Waterway are presented. The waterway provides the only water connection between the Mississippi River-Ohio River navigation system and the Great Lakes. It is completely canalized, i. e., it consists of a series of pools created by a system of locks and dams. An analysis of future electric power requirements and coal consumption, trends in population and gross national product, and other information indicated that prospective commerce on the waterway below Lockport will reach 32,700,000 tons by the year 1970 and 55,000,000 tons by 2020. Statistics on lock operation, annual commerce through each lock and on the waterway were used in determining capacities of the existing single locks. Comparison of the waterway capacity as limited by the existing single locks with the estimated prospective commerce indicated that economical transportation of waterborne commerce will not be possible without provision of an additional lock at each existing lock site. Times of construction of the various additional locks were determined when the capacity of each existing lock would be reached.
The Affordable Care Act The Good, the Bad and the Ugly

The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 (‘‘Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act,’’ 2010) is the culmination of a hundred years of wrangling over the government’s role in health care. The fact that the bill passed in the face of intense opposition shows just how dire the situation had become with regard to the health of the nation. Despite spending twice the amount per capita on health care than other similarly resourced countries, the United States has dwelt in the lower rankings on most key health indicators (Davis, Stremikis, Squires, & Schoen, 2014). These poor outcomes are not uniform but instead rest upon deep disparities, meaning that people’s health care is often determined by who they are and where they live. A recent Institute of Medicine report found declining health outcomes for women over the last three decades, with women in the United States being almost twice as likely to die before the age of 50 than women in other peer countries (Institute of Medicine, 2013). The underlying causes of poor health outcomes include lack of health care coverage, disparities both in access and in quality and care, fragmentation, and the inadequate coordination of care. The good news is that the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) has already and will continue to mitigate some of these troubling aspects of the U.S. health care system. But as the product of political compromise, the legislation cannot not fix an inherently broken system, leaving it to perpetuate what is both bad and ugly about U.S. health care. There are very real and tangible ways that, 5 years after its passage, the ACA has improved people’s lives. One of the most visible ways is by expanding health care coverage: Since its passage, 16.4 million people have health care insurance due to the ACA, which represents an 8.3% increase for Hispanics and 7.3% increase for African Americans (Blumenthal, 2010). Single mothers, a third of whom lacked health care insurance in 2009, will now be able to afford health care (Wu & Eamon, 2013). Moreover, they will no longer pay more for their health care, as the ‘‘gender rating,’’ which has resulted in women paying more for their health care than do men, is now illegal under the ACA. Not only do more people have coverage, they also have more coverage. Women now have improved access to a range of preventive services including mammograms, pap smears, well-baby care, domestic violence screenings, and contraception without co-pays or deductibles. The ACA has also significantly expanded the reach of the 2008 mental health parity law by requiring that mental health and substance abuse services be essential benefits in both private and public plans (Aggarwal & Rowe, 2011).
HDAC inhibitors and ionizing radiation: combinatorial strategy to combat lung cancer.

Commentary to:Sensitization to γ-irradiation-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by the histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cellsFeng Zhang, Tao Zhang, Zeng-hui Teng, Rong Zhang, Jian-Bo Wang, Qi-Bing Mei
Effect of Furacin (5-Nitro-2-Furaldehyde Semicarbazone) on the in vitro Metabolism of Mammalian Tissues.

SummaryInvestigations were carried out to determine the effect of Furacin upon the metabolism of mammalian tissue slices using Warburg manometric technics. Inhibition by Furacin was observed in the utilization of glucose by brain, testis, diaphragm, and heart under aerobic conditions. No appreciable inhibition by Furacin was observed in the oxygen uptake of kidney or liver slices either under endogenous conditions or with added glucose. No inhibition of anaerobic glycolysis by Furacin was observed in brain, testis or kidney. Studies on the aerobic utilization of various substrates by brain and kidney slices point to the inhibition by Furacin as occurring in the aerobic utilization of pyruvate.
Temperature and relative contributions of Ca transport systems in cardiac myocyte relaxation.

The relative contributions of the different Ca transport systems involved in cardiac relaxation were evaluated at 25 and 35 degrees C in isolated rabbit, ferret, and cat ventricular myocytes during...
Transatrial Repair of Tetralogy of Fallot

Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is one of the most common congenital cardiac malformations and consists of: (1) ventricular septal defect (VSD), (2) right ventricular outflow tract obstruction (RVOTO), (3) aortic override, and (4) right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH). The initial presentation of the patient with TOF is variable and dependent on the degree of right ventricular outflow tract obstruction. In most children with TOF, elective complete repair is recommended preferably by 3–6 months of age. Single-stage complete repair is performed in most large centers with excellent results. The surgical repair of TOF can be performed via a transatrial or transventricular approach to the VSD and the RVOT. The transatrial repair allows excellent visualization of both the VSD and the obstructive muscle bundles within the RVOT while avoiding an incision on the right ventricle. For patients requiring a transannular patch to relieve pulmonary stenosis, the transatrial approach allows for minimal extension of the incision onto the infundibulum as the ventriculotomy is not used for the VSD closure. By avoiding a ventriculotomy, short and long-term impairment of ventricular function can be minimized.
Updating a gas dynamics model using estimates for California sea lions (Zalophus californianus)

Theoretical models are used to predict how breath-hold diving vertebrates manage O2, CO2, and N2 while underwater. One recent gas dynamics model used available lung and tracheal compliance data from various species. As variation in respiratory compliance significantly affects alveolar compression and pulmonary shunt, the current study objective was to evaluate changes in model output when using species-specific parameters from California sea lions (Zalophus californianus). We explored the effects of lung and dead space compliance on the uptake of N2, O2, and CO2 in various tissues during a series of hypothetical dives. The updated parameters allowed for increased compliance of the lungs and an increased stiffness in the trachea. When comparing updated model output with a model using previous compliance values, there was a large decrease in N2 uptake but little change in O2 and CO2 levels. Therefore, previous models may overestimate N2 tensions and the risk of gas-related disease, such as decompression sickness (DCS), in marine mammals.
New Non-Stationary Target Feature Detection Techniques

In a seminal paper, two algorithmic versions of the multichannel parametric adaptive matched filter (PAMF) applied to space-time adaptive processing (STAP) in an airborne radar application were shown to achieve superior test detection statistics over the conventional adaptive matched filter (AMF), which uses a non-parametric approach to estimate the detection weight vector. In fact, the performance of the PAMF approach is very close to the ideal matched filter (MF) detection statistics under exactly known covariance (the clairvoyant case). Improved versions of the two original multichannel PAMF algorithms, one new multi-channel PAMF algorithm, and a new two-dimensional PAMF algorithm (all four with fast computational implementations) have been summarized in recent papers. In this paper, we provide the detection performance of the four improved/new PAMF algorithms with simulated radar data. In all cases, the performance is at least comparable to, and in some cases superior to, the original multi-channel PAMF algorithms presented by M. Rangaswany et al ( 2000), while achieving computational savings over the originals.
Reclaiming ourselves through Testimonio pedagogy: reflections on a curriculum design lab in teacher education

This article details one teacher preparation course centering Latin American Testimonio narratives of struggle/survival amid structural oppression for use in secondary curriculum. As our class of predominantly Latina/o students and two Latina instructors engaged Testimonio pedagogy, we fashioned a hopeful alternative to our own experiences of intergenerational oppression. While research indicates that the experiences and histories of pre-service Teachers of Color lend pedagogical strength and critical consciousness to teacher education, three Latina pre-service students highlight the ways in which Testimonio became more than a pedagogical approach. Testimonio’s collectivity, resistance, hope, and assertions of voice and dignity moved through them not as educators first but as (great-grand)daughters of oppressed though still-resilient People(s). Testimonio emboldened these Latina pre-service educators to recognize and validate their own inherited multiliteracies, (re)claim their connectedness to la...
Saving Schools: Vacancy, Ruin, and Adaptive Reuse in Detroit

This chapter follows a small team of urban planners as they tour thirteen vacant schools in Detroit. The schools were selected from a list of fifty-seven that the City of Detroit recently acquired from the Detroit Public School system. They were reputed to be “the thirteen best”—buildings for which “adaptive reuse” might be possible. Drawing on concepts of nonhuman agency, decay, repair, and folk theory, we examine the planners’ engagement with the schools’ surroundings, their affective and emotional reactions to materiality, and how they ultimately made decisions about the buildings’ fate. If the schools impressed the planners—in their historic significance or future potential—they would be “saved.” If they did not, they would be demolished.
15 GHz Doherty Power Amplifier With RF Predistortion Linearizer in CMOS SOI

A two-stage, high-power symmetric Doherty power amplifier (PA) at 15 GHz is presented. The PA is implemented in 45 nm CMOS silicon on insulator and achieves more than 23 dB power gain with 25.7 dBm saturated output power and 31% peak power added efficiency (PAE). The 6 dB back-off PAE is 25%, which is a 64% improvement compared to ideal class B PA back-off performance. High output power is obtained by employing four-stack multigate devices at the output stage; driver stages employ two-stack devices. A simple analog predistortion linearizer is proposed that effectively corrects the AM–AM response of the Doherty PA and extends the P1dB from 23 to 25.1 dBm. The PA also exhibits excellent AM–PM response. The amplifier has compact dimensions and occupies only 1 mm2 chip area, including pads.
Clinical Toxicology of Yew Poisoning.

Objectives: Yew plant materials contain highly toxic taxine alkaloids. Serious ingestions can result in life-threatening toxicity. The purpose of this article is to summarize the literature on the ...
Global Atmospheric-Biospheric Chemistry

International concerns about the possibility of detrimental future climate change rest to a significant degree on the documented fact that the atmospheric levels of a number of long-lived greenhouse gases are steadily rising. The underlying causes for the currently observed changes in atmospheric composition involve both natural physical, chemical and biological processes and vital human activities like energy and food production. There is also clear evidence for major changes in atmospheric composition over the last 160,000 years contained in ice cores. The ice core data show us that atmospheric changes can be driven by natural processes alone so the current human processes need to be understood in terms of their perturbations to the natural biogeochemical cycles. Human activity is certainly a major contributor to the positive atmospheric trends of CO2 (0.4% per year), CH4 (1.2 down to 0.3% per year), and N2O (0.25% per year) in recent decades. Humans are in addition the sole contributor to the observed positive CF2Cl2 and CFCl3 trends (4.0% and 3.8% per year respectively in 1978-1988, 2.6% and 3.2% per year respectively in 1989-1991) and probably also for the observed negative trends in stratospheric O3 (0.2% to 3% per year depending on latitude). Tropospheric O3 appears to have increased at least in northern hemisphere midlatitudes over the last century and there are reasons to expect such an increase based on combustion-derived emissions. Similarly, SO2 levels, while controlled in some industrially developed countries, are increasing in several industrially developing regions due particularly to increased coal combustion. All of these trends are important to radiative forcing of climate change: positive trends for CO2, CH4, N2 O, CFCl3, CF2Cl2, and tropospheric ozone produce a positive (warming) force while negative trends for stratospheric ozone and positive trends for SO2 (and thus for the derived reflective sulfate aerosols) produce a negative (cooling) force. Biological processes in terrestrial ecosystems (cultivated or natural) play major roles in the budgets of CO2, CH4 and N2O while marine biology plays a significant role in controlling remote marine atmospheric SO2 levels and the flux of CO2 between atmosphere and ocean. The International Global Atmospheric Chemistry (IGAC) Project of the International Geosphere-Biosphere Program (IGBP) is underway and devoted to understanding the complex coupled atmospheric and biospheric chemistry leading to currently observed changes in atmospheric composition and to improving our capability to predict future changes in atmospheric gaseous and paniculate composition.
From Perception to Conception

As I began to read George Butterworth’s chapter, I thought that surely we were going to disagree. He begins by espousing Gibson’s ‘direct realism’ theory of perception, a theory that I have not found to be particularly helpful in my quest to understand the conceptual foundations of the mind. But as he elaborated his understanding of this view, and contrasted it with the more traditional constructivist view of Piaget, I came to realize that despite differences in terminology our views of the perceptual foundations of knowledge are very similar. We agree on the import of recent work on infant perception, and that perceptual functioning forms the initial basis for gaining knowledge about the world. However, we seem to disagree on the extent to which Gibson’s theory is apt to provide a sufficient basis for understanding conceptual growth. I will first summarize our points of agreement, and then discuss the problems to which our common belief in the perceptual foundations of knowledge lead us.
Precise photodissociation and multiphoton spectroscopy of H2

Since H2 is the simplest neutral molecule, accurate measurements of its dissociation energy and ionization limit play an extremely important role in testing molecular theory. Unfortunately these energies lie in the VUV region. As a result the precision of these measurements has been limited to an order of magnitude less than that of optical spectroscopy between the Rydberg states.
A Study of the Passive Film Using Auger Electron Spectroscopy

The passive film formed on Nickel-200 and Inconel X-750 has been studied with Auger Electron Spectroscopy. The film was formed in H 2 SO 4 containing concentration levels of NaCl ranging from 0→5. 8% by weight at various electrode potentials within the passive region of the polarization curve. The elemental composition of the film changed with the electrode potential and chloride ion content. The film composition as a function of thickness was studied by sputtering away the film using 500 eV argon ions. The film on Nickel-200 is an oxide containing some sulfur. The film on Inconel X-750 is an oxide of nickel and chromium and is chromium enriched over the composition of the bulk alloy. The film on Inconel-750 is thicker than on Nickel-200. The film contains chloride at a concentration somewhat independent of solution concentration for Nickel 200, but somewhat dependent on solution concentration for Inconel X-750. Auger Electron Spectroscopy is a new and useful tool in the continuing effort to elucidate the fundamental nature of the passive film.
Survey of Features in Radiative Power Loss Profiles in the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor

Although the total radiated power in the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor is often as high as 70% of the heating power, most of the radiation is concentrated near the surface of the plasma, and the inte...
Understanding the Challenge: The Need to Begin

The process of personal financial planning is both a challenge and an opportunity. A challenge because of the need to sometimes perform rigorous financial calculations, and an opportunity because of the ability to grow, often significantly, your wealth (or, in financial-planning language, your net worth). This chapter introduces a new way to engage in personal financial planning: the Protect Accumulate Defend Distribute (PADD) process. More broadly, the book describes, in depth, the challenge of the process and the opportunity that comes from effectively engaging in it.
Images of Expertise in Mathematics Teaching

In this chapter we present a brief portrait of how researchers engaged in the study of mathematics teaching have understood teaching expertise, a portrait that is attentive to the diversity that has existed and continues to exist in the field. To do so we first adopt a historical perspective and attempt to capture some of the trends in how teaching expertise has been conceptualized, with an emphasis on how these trends were driven by broader changes in educational research. In particular, we trace the study of mathematics teaching through the traditions of process-product research, cognitive research, subject-specific cognitive research, situated cognition research, and design research. We then provide some sense for the diversity of perspectives and approaches to mathematics teaching that are currently prominent by presenting four images of mathematics teaching practice. We describe how researchers have tacitly conceived of mathematics teachers as either diagnosticians of students’ thinking, conductors of classroom discourse, architects of curriculum, or river guides who are flexible in the moments of teaching. An awareness of these images of expertise will help the field both recognize and situate new images, allowing us to use them in productive ways to further understand the work of mathematics teaching.
Matching Graphs to Variables

Some people earn a lot of money each year, so there are some families with very large incomes relative to the rest of the population. Thus, if we were to collect family income data from a sample of Americans and then construct a histogram, we would expect the histogram to be skewed to the right. If we think about the type of data we would be likely to obtain, we can say something about the shape of the histogram without actually collecting the data. Can we do the same with other variables?
Extending a knowledge-based system to deal with ad hoc constraints

R1 is a rule based program used by Digital Equipment Corporation's manufacturing organization fc configuring VAX 11 systems. Since its inception. R1 has had the capability of producing a functional system by fleshing out an order consisting only of a CPU. some primary memory, and some devices; until recently, however, it was not capable of accepting as part of its input a set of ad hoc (customer specific) constraints Left to itself, R1 was capable of producing reasonable configurations. But it was incapable of modifying its decisions on the basis of information that others could provide This paper describes how rules were added to R1 to take advantage of such information R1 can now accept as input commands that specify how particular components are to be configured Whenever one of the commands becomes relevant, these rules take control, extend the configuration in the direction indicated by the command, and then step aside, allowing Rt's ordinary-case configuration rules to regain control.
Topological Hotspot Identification for Informative Path Planning with a Marine Robot

In this work, we present a novel method for constructing a topological map of biological hotspots in an aquatic environment using a Fast Marching-based Voronoi segmentation. Using this topological map, we develop a closed form solution to the scheduling problem for any single path through the graph. Searching over the space of all paths allows us to compute a maximally informative path that traverses a subset of the hotspots, given some budget. Using a greedy-coverage algorithm we can then compute an informative path. We evaluate our method in a set of simulated trials, both with randomly generated environments and a real-world environment. In these trials, we show that our method produces a topological graph which more accurately captures features in the environment than standard thresholding techniques. Additionally, We show that our method can improve the performance of a greedy-coverage algorithm in the informative path planning problem by guiding it to different informative areas to help it escape from local maxima.
Lottery Ad Hijacks Bulgarian Culture

The Bulgarian Chocolate Lottery Ticket ad, like all advertising, is layered with inside-culture humor. The Rhythmic Gymnastic Team is an icon representing national pride: beautiful, svelte women, a...
Heavenly Bodies: Fashion and the Catholic Imagination, An Exhibition at the Met Fifth Avenue and The Met Cloisters

A visual and aural experience, the popular and grand exhibit of Heavenly Bodies envelopes its participants in sensory information at every turn. Encouraging a significant investment of time by atte...