cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Tertiary magmatism and mylonitization in the Ruby-East Humboldt metamorphic core complex, northeastern Nevada: U-Pb geochronology and Sr, Nd, and Pb isotope geochemistry

U-Pb analyses of 48 zircon and/or monazite fractions from ten intrusive rocks that range in composition from quartz diorite to leucogranite yield crystallization ages between 40 and 29 Ma. The new data indicate that Tertiary intrusive rocks constitute a widespread and significant magmatic component of the Ruby-East Humboldt metamorphic core complex. Some of the intrusive rocks are gneissic to mylonitic and have been penetratively deformed in a shear zone that can be traced for >100 km along the west flank of the core complex. These data, when coupled with previously published geochronologic data, indicate that an important episode of mylonitization occurred between ∼29 and 23 Ma (late Oligocene). Some field relations and geochronologic data, however, also suggest an earlier history of mylonitization in parts of the core complex. This earlier mylonitic history may have occurred in the Eocene or even late Mesozoic time, although more-detailed geochronologic data are needed to clearly define the exact time interval. Sr, Nd, and Pb isotopic data from the dated intrusive units indicate that a relatively sharp, approximately east-west-striking crustal boundary separating predominantly Archean basement in the north from Proterozoic basement in the south transects the complex. We speculate that the crustal boundary represents the continuation of the Cheyenne belt into this part of northeastern Nevada. These new data cast doubt on the existence of the proposed 2.0-2.3 Ga crustal province in this part of the northern Great Basin. The isotopic data from the plutonic rocks coupled with published data from at least in part coeval volcanic rocks indicate that mantle-derived magmas were important in their genesis. Collectively, these data indicate that significant crustal growth, via the addition of mantle-derived magmas, occurred during large-magnitude extension in this part of the northern Great Basin.
Topics in the Analysis of Repeated Measurements

This study is concerned with the analysis of repeated scalar measurements having r ≥ 1 repetitions within cells of a two-way array. Alternative models are considered for dependencies among observations within subjects, and analytical methods are identified as appropriate for each. Procedures for multiple comparisons, for analyzing factorial experiments, and for other nonstandard tests are featured. Emphasis is given to the validity and efficiency of the several procedures considered. Nonparametric and robust aspects of relevant normal-theory tests are discussed with reference to the analysis of repeated measurements.
Histology and Arthroscopic Anatomy of the Ulnar Collateral Ligament of the Elbow

The histology and arthroscopic anatomy of the ulnar collateral ligament of the elbow were studied in cadaveric specimens. The capsule consists of two layers of collagen fibers, with two distinct ligamentous bundles corresponding to anterior and posterior portions of the ulnar collateral ligament. The posterior bundle consists of distinct collagen bundles within the layers of the capsule; the anterior bundle consists of a similar thickening within the capsular layers, with an additional ligament complex superficial to the capsular layers. With arthroscopy only the anterior 20% to 30% of the anterior bundle of the ulnar collateral ligament could be visualized via the anterior portal. Only the posterior 30% to 50% of the posterior bundle could be seen via the posterior portals. After sectioning of the anterior bundle, joint instability was noted arthroscopically by an increased opening in the ulnohumeral joint with application of valgus stress. At arthroscopy ulnar collateral ligament tears may be visualized in part or not at all. To diagnose a tear or laxity in the ulnar collateral ligament, a demonstration of an increase in the opening of the ulnohumeral joint in response to valgus stress is useful.
Petabit/s transmission using multicore fibers

Recent developments in high capacity transmission technologies based on multi-core fiber are reviewed. Propagation-direction interleaving with dual-ring structure 12-core MCF is promising for suppressing inter-core crosstalk and enables spectrally-efficient long-haul transmission.
Role of the Antegrade Continence Enema in the Management of the Most Debilitating Childhood Recto-Urogenital Anomalies

AbstractPurpose: We evaluated the antegrade continence enema for managing the most severely compromised fecal continence mechanisms and the efficacy of nonappendiceal conduits in children when appendix is unavailable.Materials and Methods: Ten patients 3 to 25 years old underwent continent cecostomy for the purpose of the antegrade continence enema. Diagnoses included the VATER association in 4 cases, myelomeningocele in 3, cloacal anomaly in 2 and isolated imperforate anus in 1. Eight patients received a tubularized ileal conduit, 2 received an appendiceal conduit and 2 underwent concomitant fecal undiversion.Results: Followup ranged from 4 to 28 months (mean 17.6). All patients have achieved excellent fecal continence and no significant stomal soilage or difficulty with catheterization has been noted. Patients reported a high degree of satisfaction.Conclusions: Continent cecostomy for the antegrade continence enema is highly effective even in the presence of severe structural anorectal disease. The tape...
Localization of electromagnetic waves in two-dimensional disordered systems.

We calculate the average transmission for s -and p-polarized electromagnetic (ЕМ) waves and consequently the localization length of two dimensional disordered systems which are periodic on the average; the periodic systems form a square lattice consisting of infinitely long cylinders parallel to each other and embedded in a different dielectric medium. In particular, we study the dependence of the localization length on the frequency, the dielectric function ratio between the scatterer and the background, and the filling ratio of the scatterer. We find the optimum conditions for obtaining the localization of ЕМ waves in 2D systems.
The Effect of Sex, Dietary Energy, Meat Protein, Ascorbic Acid and Iron on Broiler Skin Collagen

Abstract Two studies were conducted to determine if variation of sex, dietary energy, meat protein, ascorbic acid or iron had any effect on collagen metabolism in broilers. In the first experiment day-old broiler type chicks were fed diets which contained 3190 or 3410 kcal. M.E./kg. of diet, 0 or 15% meat and bone meal and 0 or 1 g./kg. ascorbic acid. In the second experiment the day-old broiler chicks were fed diets which had 3190 or 3410 kcal. M.E./kg. of diet and 60 or 260 p.p.m. of iron. At 56 days of age the broilers were weighed, a representative number of birds killed from each group and skin samples collected. The skin samples were analyzed for the degree of collagen cross-linking and the total and insoluble collagen contents. An alteration of energy, meat protein, ascorbic acid or iron in the diet had no effect on collagen formation in the skin of broilers reared in cool environmental temperatures. Female broilers had a significantly higher percentage of insoluble collagen in the skin tissue but the level of total collagen and insoluble collagen was higher in male birds.
Pearls found on the way to the ideal interface for scanned-probe microscopes

Since 1991, our team of computer scientists, chemists and physicists have worked together to develop an advanced, virtual-environment interface to scanned-probe microscopes. The interface has provided insights and useful capabilities well beyond those of the traditional interface. This paper lists the particular visualization and control techniques that have enabled actual scientific discovery, including specific examples of insight gained using each technique. This information can help scientists determine which features are likely to be useful in their particular application, and which would be just sugar coating. It can also guide computer scientists to suggest the appropriate type of interface to help solve a particular problem. We have found benefit in advanced rendering with natural viewpoint control (but not always), from semi-automatic control techniques, from force feedback during manipulation, and from storing/replaying data for an entire experiment. These benefits come when the system is well-integrated into the existing tool and allows export of the data to standard visualization packages.
Oral Histories in Meteoritics and Planetary Science—XIX: Klaus Keil

– Klaus Keil (Fig. 1) grew up in Jena and became interested in meteorites as a student of Fritz Heide. His research for his Dr. rer. nat. became known to Hans Suess who––with some difficulty––arranged for him to move to La Jolla, via Mainz, 6 months before the borders of East Germany were closed. In La Jolla, Klaus became familiar with the electron microprobe, which has remained a central tool in his research and, with Kurt Fredriksson, he confirmed the existence of Urey and Craig’s chemical H and L chondrite groups, and added a third group, the LL chondrites. Klaus then moved to NASA Ames where he established a microprobe laboratory, published his definitive paper on enstatite chondrites, and led in the development of the Si(Li) detector and the EDS method of analysis. After 5 years at Ames, Klaus became director of the Institute of Meteoritics at the University of New Mexico where he built up one of the leading meteorite research groups while working on a wide variety of projects, including chondrite groups, chondrules, differentiated meteorites, lunar samples, and Hawai’ian basalts. The basalt studies led to a love of Hawai’i and a move to the University of Hawai’i in 1990, where he has continued a wide variety of meteorite projects, notably the role of volcanism on asteroids. Klaus Keil has received honorary doctorates from Friedrich-Schiller University, Jena, and the University of New Mexico, Albuquerque. He was President of the Meteoritical Society in 1969–1970 and was awarded the Leonard Medal in 1988. Figure 1. Klaus Keil at the University of Hawai’i at Manoa, 2007. Download figure to PowerPoint
Compositional stratigraphy of clay‐bearing layered deposits at Mawrth Vallis, Mars

Phyllosilicates have previously been detected in layered outcrops in and around the Martian outflow channel Mawrth Vallis. CRISM spectra of these outcrops exhibit features diagnostic of kaolinite, montmorillonite, and Fe/Mg-rich smectites, along with crystalline ferric oxide minerals such as hematite. These minerals occur in distinct stratigraphic horizons, implying changing environmental conditions and/or a variable sediment source for these layered deposits. Similar stratigraphic sequences occur on both sides of the outflow channel and on its floor, with Al-clay-bearing layers typically overlying Fe/Mg-clay-bearing layers. This pattern, combined with layer geometries measured using topographic data from HiRISE and HRSC, suggests that the Al-clay-bearing horizons at Mawrth Vallis postdate the outflow channel and may represent a later sedimentary or altered pyroclastic deposit that drapes the topography.
DPOAE Fine Structure, Suppression, and Influence on Clinical Decision-Making

Abstract In normal-hearing subjects, distortion product otoacoustic emissions display a distinct pattern of amplitude and phase variation when measured with high frequency resolution. This pattern,...
Curvature Homogeneous Pseudo-Riemannian Manifolds which are not Locally Homogeneous

We construct a family of balanced signature pseudo-Riemannian manifolds, which arise as hypersurfaces in flat space, that are curvature homogeneous, that are modeled on a symmetric space, and that are not locally homogeneous.
Wiring for manufacturability and yield maximization in computer-aided VLSI design

The authors present a computer-aided wiring design methodology to provide better manufacturability for VLSI circuits. Desirable yield can be achieved by dynamically controlling the wire widths and spacings to reduce the possibility of open circuits and short circuits. On a benchmark TCM module with 124 chips, this special wiring technique completes 41,534 connections on two thin-film layers, while only 9% of the wires are potential risk sites for short circuits at minimum spacing. >
Prospective Relationship Between Poor Sleep and Substance-Related Problems in a National Sample of Adolescents

BACKGROUND: Previous studies showed that poor sleep prospectively predicted alcohol-related problems and illicit drug use in adolescents and young adults (Wong and Brower, 2012; Wong et al., 2010). However, more work needs to be done to elucidate the nature of these problems. The purpose of this study was to examine whether sleep difficulties and hours of sleep prospectively predicted several serious substance-related problems, for example, binge drinking, driving under the influence of alcohol, and risky sexual behavior. METHODS: Study participants were 6,504 adolescents from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. Data were collected from interviews and questionnaires. This study analyzed data from the first 3 waves of data (T1: 1994 to 1995; T2: 1996; T3: 2001 to 2002). In all analyses, we used sleep difficulties at a previous wave to predict substance-related problems at a subsequent wave, while controlling for substance-related problems at a previous wave. RESULTS: Holding T1 alcohol-related problems constant, sleep difficulties at T1 significantly predicted alcohol-related interpersonal problems, binge drinking, gotten drunk or very high on alcohol, driving under the influence of alcohol, getting into a sexual situation one later regretted due to drinking, ever using any illicit drugs, and drug-related problems at T2. T1 hours of sleep negatively predicted T2 alcohol-related interpersonal problems and binge drinking. The relationship between T2 sleep variables and T3 substance-related problems was consistent with previous waves, although the effect was weaker. CONCLUSIONS: Sleep difficulties and hours of sleep are a significant predictor of a number of substance-related problems. It may be useful to educate adolescents about the importance of sleep, sleep hygiene, and the potential consequences of poor sleep on drinking and related behaviors. Language: en
Some specially structured assemble-to-order systems

Assemble-to-order systems are important in practice but challenging computationally. This paper combines some notions from combinatorial optimization, namely polymatroids and discrete convexity, to ease the computational burden significantly, for certain specially structured models. We point out that polymatroids have a concrete, intuitive interpretation in this context.
Monocyclopentadienyl Titanium Catalyst

Monocyclopentadienyl titanium complexes are active catalysts for syndiotactic polymerization of styrene. The activity is severely suppressed when the Cp ligand has a substituent with a Lewis basic heteroatom. The active species is a titanium cation generated by the usual cocatalyst. Electron paramagnetic resonance and polymerization studies of a series of monocyclopentadienyl titanium precursors with different propensity for reduction showed that both the tetravalent and trivalent Ti+ species are active, with the former having the greater activity than the latter. Very stable catalysts have been found as a result. In contrast, monocyclopentadienyl titanium complexes are poor for ethylene or propylene polymerization; but the activity is greatly improved with a coordinative substituent on the Cp ligand.
Bayesian estimation of core-melt probability

A very simple application of the canonical Bayesian algorithm is made to the problem of estimation of the probability of core melt in a commercial power reactor. An approximation to the results of the Rasmussen study on reactor safety is used as the prior distribution, and the observation that there has been no core melt yet is used as the single experiment. The result is a substantial decrease in the mean probability of core melt--factors of 2 to 4 for reasonable choices of parameters. The purpose is to illustrate the procedure, not to argue for the decrease.
A Discontinuous Galerkin Time-Domain Integral Equation Method for Electromagnetic Scattering From PEC Objects

A discontinuous Galerkin time-domain integral equation (DG-TDIE) method based on the marching-on-in-time (MOT) scheme is presented to analyze the transient scattering from arbitrarily shaped perfect electrically conducting (PEC) objects. In this paper, the mono-polar Rao–Wilton–Glisson (RWG) functions are chosen as the trial and the test spatial functions, while the triangular basis functions are for the temporal expansion. Therefore, it is flexible and convenient to analyze objects with nonconformal discretization or targets containing more than three surfaces in contact with each other. Numerical results are presented to demonstrate the accuracy and the efficiency of the DG-TDIE method.
The effects of hippocampal-pyriform ablations on the acquisition and transfer of cues in successive discrimination by cats

The acquisition and transfer performance of six cats with hippocampal-pyriform ablations was compared with that of seven normal animals. All animals were trained on a successive, go/no-go, auditory-brightness discrimination (Task 1). Ss were tested for transfer to the auditory and/or brightness cues of Task 1 by training them on similar discriminations using only the brightness cue (Task 2) or the auditory cue (Task 3). The hippocampectomized Ss were inferior to the normals on acquisition of Task 1 (p <.022), but they were not significantly different from the normals on the two transfer tasks (2: p < 0.394; 3: p < 0.662). These results support the hypothesis that previous experience with the relevant cues of a successive discrimination is a crucial factor in reducing acquisition deficits on that discrimination by hippocampal animals.
How Residents Develop Trust in Interns: A Multi-Institutional Mixed-Methods Study.

PurposeAlthough residents trust interns to provide patient care, little is known about how trust forms.MethodUsing a multi-institutional mixed-methods study design, the authors interviewed (March–September 2014) internal medicine (IM) residents in their second or third postgraduate year at a single
Multiple sites of adaptation lead to contrast encoding in the Drosophila olfactory system.

Animals often encounter large increases in odor intensity that can persist for many seconds. These increases in the background odor are often accompanied by increases in the variance of the odor stimulus. Previous studies have shown that a persistent odor stimulus (odor background) results in a decrease in the response to brief odor pulses in the olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). However, the contribution of adapting mechanisms beyond the ORNs is not clear. Thus, it is unclear how adaptive mechanisms are distributed within the olfactory circuit and what impact downstream adaptation may have on the encoding of odor stimuli. In this study, adaptation to the same odor stimulus is examined at multiple levels in the well studied and accessible Drosophila olfactory system. The responses of the ORNs are compared to the responses of the second order, projection neurons (PNs), directly connected to them. Adaptation in PN spike rate was found to be much greater than adaptation in the ORN spike rate. This greater adaptation allows PNs to encode odor contrast (ratio of pulse intensity to background intensity) with little ambiguity. Moreover, distinct neural mechanisms contribute to different aspects of adaptation; adaptation to the background odor is dominated by adaptation in spike generation in both ORNs and PNs, while adaptation to the odor pulse is dominated by changes within olfactory transduction and the glomerulus. These observations suggest that the olfactory system adapts at multiple sites to better match its response gain to stimulus statistics.
Acute injuries of the diaphragm. An analysis of 165 cases.

The records of 165 patients with diaphragmatic injuries seen at Detroit Receiving Hospital from July 1980 through June 1985 were reviewed. Causes included gunshot wounds in 89 patients, stab wounds in 65, and blunt trauma in 11. Mortality rates were 18%, 5%, and 27%, respectively, deaths being caused primarily by bleeding from associated injuries. Operations on these patients included laparotomy in 123 (75%), thoracotomy in four (2%), and both in 38 (23%). The mortality rates for these operations were 0%, 50%, and 53%, respectively. A presumptive preoperative diagnosis of diaphragmatic injury from chest x-ray findings was possible in only 24 (15%) patients. Of 42 thoracotomies, five were performed in the emergency department for cardiac arrest, with three (60 %) deaths. Of 37 thoracotomies performed in the operating room, 17 were for thoracic injuries with six (35 %) deaths and 20 were for resuscitation for abdominal injuries with 13 (65%) deaths. In most patients, the diaphragmatic injury was critical only in warning the surgeon that severe injuries might be present in both the chest and abdomen. Of 43 patients admitted with a blood pressure of less than 70 mm Hg or four or more associated injuries, 22 died. However, even in these high-risk patients, if resuscitation raised the initial operating room blood pressure to more than 70 mm Hg, reduced the shock time to less than 30 minutes, and kept blood loss below 10 units, the mortality was only 8% (1/12). In contrast, if none of these conditions could be met, the mortality in this high-risk group was 100% (16/16). Thus more aggressive resuscitative efforts and earlier control of bleeding seem to provide the best chance for improved survival.
Structural characterization and anti-cancerous potential of gallium bioactive glass/hydrogel composites.

Abstract A bioactive glass series (0.42SiO 2 -0.10Na 2 O-0.08CaO-(0.40 − X )ZnO-( X )Ga 2 O 3 ) was incorporated into carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/dextran (Dex) hydrogels in three different amounts (0.05, 0.10, and 0.25 m 2 ), and the resulting composites were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and 13 C Cross Polarization Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (CP MAS-NMR). Composite extracts were also evaluated in vitro against MG-63 osteosarcoma cells. TEM confirmed glass distribution throughout the composites, although some particle agglomeration was observed. DSC revealed that glass composition and content did have small effects on both T g and T m . MAS-NMR revealed that both CMC and Dex were successfully functionalized, that cross-linking occurred, and that glass addition did slightly alter bonding environments. Cell viability analysis suggested that extracts of the glass and composites with the largest Ga-content significantly decreased MG-63 osteosarcoma viability after 30 days. This study successfully characterized this composite series, and demonstrated their potential for anti-cancerous applications.
Munnu: a boy from Kashmir

In the last couple of decades, several South Asian graphic novels such as Orijit Sen’s River of Stories (1994), Naseer Ahmed and Saurabh Singh’s Kashmir Pending (2007), and Vishwajyoti Ghosh’s Delh...
Low‐Value Service Use in Provider Organizations

Objective To assess whether provider organizations exhibit distinct profiles of low-value service provision. Data Sources 2007–2011 Medicare fee-for-service claims and enrollment data. Study Design Use of 31 services that provide minimal clinical benefit was measured for 4,039,733 beneficiaries served by 3,137 provider organizations. Variation across organizations, persistence within organizations over time, and correlations in use of different types of low-value services within organizations were estimated via multilevel modeling, with adjustment for beneficiary sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. Principal Findings Organizations provided 45.6 low-value services per 100 beneficiaries on average, with considerable variation across organizations (90th/10th percentile ratio, 1.78; 95 percent CI, 1.72–1.84), including substantial between-organization variation within hospital referral regions (90th/10th percentile ratio, 1.66; 95 percent CI, 1.60–1.71). Low-value service use within organizations was highly correlated over time (r, 0.98; 95 percent CI, 0.97–0.99) and positively correlated between 13 of 15 pairs of service categories (average r, 0.26; 95 percent CI, 0.24–0.28), with the greatest correlation between low-value imaging and low-value cardiovascular testing and procedures (r, 0.54). Conclusions Use of low-value services in provider organizations exhibited substantial variation, high persistence, and modest consistency across service types. These findings are consistent with organizations shaping the practice patterns of affiliated physicians.
The Impact of Computers on Engineering Education

The modern electronic computer is having a significant effect on the engineering profession. This effect, naturally, is also felt in the engineering schools. In this paper there is examined the influence of the computer on curriculum, research, and relations with engineering practice.
The Parsonage Exemption Subsidizes Religion

In this piece, Professors Adam Chodorow and Ellen Aprill discuss section 107(2), which permits churches and other religious organizations to provide tax-housing to their ordained ministers, in the context of litigation involving the provision. They argue that the exemption provides special benefits unavailable to laypeople and thus raises serious establishment clause concerns. Readers please note: After this piece went to press, the court enjoined enforcement of section 107(2) beginning 180 days after the later of the conclusion of any appeals or expiration of time for filing any appeal.
Surveillance Imaging and Alpha Fetoprotein for Early Detection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients With Cirrhosis: A Meta-analysis.

Background & Aims Society guidelines differ in their recommendations for surveillance to detect early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with cirrhosis. We compared the performance of surveillance imaging, with or without alpha fetoprotein (AFP), for early detection of HCC in patients with cirrhosis. Methods Two reviewers searched MEDLINE and SCOPUS from January 1990 through August 2016 to identify published sensitivity and specificity of surveillance strategies for overall and early detection of HCC. Pooled estimates were calculated and compared using the DerSimonian and Laird method for a random effects model. The study was conducted in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis guidelines. Results Thirty-two studies (comprising 13,367 patients) characterized sensitivity of imaging with or without AFP measurement for detection of HCC in patients with cirrhosis. Ultrasound detected any stage HCC with 84% sensitivity (95% confidence interval [CI] 76%–92%), but early-stage HCC with only 47% sensitivity (95% CI 33%–61%). In studies comparing ultrasound with vs without AFP measurement, ultrasound detected any stage HCC with a lower level of sensitivity than ultrasound plus AFP measurement (relative risk [RR] 0.88; 95% CI 0.83–0.93) and early-stage HCC with a lower level of sensitivity than ultrasound plus AFP measurement (RR 0.81; 95% CI 0.71–0.93). However, ultrasound alone detected HCC with a higher level of specificity than ultrasound plus AFP measurement (RR 1.08; 95% CI 1.05–1.09). Ultrasound with vs without AFP detected early-stage HCC with 63% sensitivity (95% CI 48%–75%) and 45% sensitivity (95% CI 30%–62%), respectively (P = .002). Only 4 studies evaluated computed tomography or magnetic resonance image-based surveillance, which detected HCC with 84% sensitivity (95% CI 70%–92%). Conclusions We found ultrasound alone has a low sensitivity to detect early stage HCC in patients with cirrhosis. Addition of AFP to ultrasound significantly increases sensitivity of early HCC detection in clinical practice.
The Student Career Construction Inventory

Abstract To address counselors' need for a reliable measure of career adapting thoughts and behaviors as well as researchers' need for a specific measure of adapting as a dimension in the model of career adaptation, we developed the Student Career Construction Inventory (SCCI). In the study, 486 high school students (55% female), 290 college students (59% female), and 220 graduate students (82% female) responded to the SCCI. The SCCI contains 18 items across four scales assessing: (a) Crystallizing a vocational self-concept, (b) Exploring to gather information about occupations, (c) Deciding to commit to an occupational choice, and (d) Preparing to implement that choice. The four scales interrelate to constitute a continuum reflecting the general factor of adapting responses during the exploration stage of a career. Each scale assesses a specific group factor reflecting a particular career construction task involving crystallizing, exploring, deciding, and preparing. The results of a confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the SCCI displays configural and measurement invariance, meaning that its factor structure is replicable and generalizable across high school, college, and graduate students. The SCCI did not show scalar invariance because, as expected, the mean scores for the scales were elevated for older and more educated participants. The SCCI, as a measure of adapting responses, correlated as predicted with concurrent measures of three criteria: adaptive readiness, adaptability resources, and adaptation results. A provisional test of the career construction adaptation model indicated that, as hypothesized, adapting behaviors mediate the relationship between adaptability resources and adaptation outcomes.
Oxidative and Proteolytic Stress in Homocysteine-Associated Cardiovascular Diseases

Homocysteine (HCY) is a risk factor for atherosclerosis-related cardiovascular diseases. HCY increases oxidative stress, activates MMP, and alters calcium homeostasis, thereby leading to vascular dysfunction. The major source of oxidative stress in HCY-induced vascular remodeling is the mitochondria. HCY causes activation and the mitochondrial translocation of calpain-1 (calcium-dependent cysteine protease), thereby increasing intramitochondrial oxidative stress leading to the induction of MMP-9. Ample studies have focused on the role of HCY in vascular dysfunction. HCY increases fibrosis and causes cardiac contraction dysfunction; however, the role of HCY on the cardiomyocytes is not understood. HCY increases the expression of mitochondrial MMP-9, and induces mitochondrial permeability transition, leading to a decline in cardiomyocyte contractile function by agonizing the NMDA receptor. In the present review, the role of hydrogen sulfide in HCY-induced myocardium protection is summarized. Furthermore, the role of HCY-induced oxidative stress in the mitochondria in the regulation of myocyte contractility is discussed.
MRI vs CT-based 2D-3D auto-registration accuracy for quantifying shoulder motion using biplane video-radiography.

Abstract Biplane 2D-3D registration approaches have been used for measuring 3D, in vivo glenohumeral (GH) joint kinematics. Computed tomography (CT) has become the gold standard for reconstructing 3D bone models, as it provides high geometric accuracy and similar tissue contrast to video-radiography. Alternatively, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) would not expose subjects to radiation and provides the ability to add cartilage and other soft tissues to the models. However, the accuracy of MRI-based 2D-3D registration for quantifying glenohumeral kinematics is unknown. We developed an automatic 2D-3D registration program that works with both CT- and MRI-based image volumes for quantifying joint motions. The purpose of this study was to use the proposed 2D-3D auto-registration algorithm to describe the humerus and scapula tracking accuracy of CT- and MRI-based registration relative to radiostereometric analysis (RSA) during dynamic biplanar video-radiography. The GH kinematic accuracy (RMS error) was 0.6–1.0 mm and 0.6–2.2° for the CT-based registration and 1.4–2.2 mm and 1.2–2.6° for MRI-based registration. Higher kinematic accuracy of CT-based registration was expected as MRI provides lower spatial resolution and bone contrast as compared to CT and suffers from spatial distortions. However, the MRI-based registration is within an acceptable accuracy for many clinical research questions.
Photoinduced metalloprotein electron-transfer in solid and in solution

6 Introduction 7 Experimental Procedures 8 Chemicals 8 Preparation of Zinc Cytochrome c 9 Measurements 11 Results and Discussions 11 Preparation of Zinc Cytochrome c 11 Circular Dichroism Spectra 12 Resonance Raman Spectra 15
An Evolutionary Psychology of Sleep and Dreams

List of Tables and Figures Preface REM Biology and Evolutionary Theory Patterns of REM Expression Across the Lifespan Phylogeny of Sleep REM-NREM Signaling in Interactions REM Sleep and Genetic Conflict Theories of REM Phenomenology of REM Dreams Content of REM Dreams Theories of REM Dreams Understanding REM
Lean strategies for scheduled maintenance operations

As the E-6B airframe ages, it is becoming increasingly difficult to maintain the minimum requirements for fleet ready for tasking (RFT) aircraft assets. The research conducted in this project has t...
Social Media and Social Awareness

The human behaviors and interactions on social media have maintained themselves as highly dynamic real-time social systems representing individual social awareness at fine spatial, temporal, and digital resolutions. In this chapter, we introduce the opportunities and challenges that human dynamics-centered social media bring to Digital Earth. We review the information diffusion of social media, the multi-faced implications of social media, and some real-world cases. Social media, on one hand, has facilitated the prediction of human dynamics in a wide spectrum of aspects, including public health, emergency response, decision making, and social equity promotion, and will also bring unintended challenges for Digital Earth, such as rumors and location spoofing on the other. Considering the multifaceted implications, this chapter calls for GIScientists to raise their awareness of the complex impacts of social media, to model the geographies of social media, and to understand ourselves as a unique species living both on the Earth and in Digital Earth.
Compound disease and wildfire disturbances alter opportunities for seedling regeneration in resprouter-dominated forests

Human-altered disturbance regimes and changing climatic conditions can reduce seed availability and suitable microsites, limiting seedling regeneration in recovering forest systems. Thus, resprouting plants, which can persist in situ, are expected to expand in dominance in many disturbance-prone forests. However, resprouters may also be challenged by changing regimes, and the mechanisms determining facultative seedling recruitment by resprouting species, which will determine both the future spread and current persistence of these populations, are poorly understood. In the resprouter-dominated forests of coastal California, interactions between wildfire and an emerging disease, sudden oak death (SOD), alter disturbance severity and tree mortality, which may shift forest regeneration trajectories. We examine this set of compound disturbances to (1) assess the influence of seed limitation, biotic competition, and abiotic conditions on seedling regeneration in resprouting populations; (2) investigate whether disease-fire interactions alter postfire seedling regeneration, which have implications for future disease dynamics and shifts in forest composition. Following a wildfire that impacted a preexisting plot network in SOD-affected forests, we monitored seedling abundances and survival over eight years. With pre- and postfire data, we assessed relationships between regeneration dynamics and disturbance severity, biotic, and abiotic variables, using Bayesian generalized linear models and mixed models. Our results indicate that postfire seedling regeneration by resprouting species was shaped by contrasting mechanisms reflecting seed limitation and competitive release. Seedling abundances declined with decreasing postfire survival of mature, conspecific stems, while belowground survival of resprouting genets had no effect. However, where seed sources persisted, seedling abundances and survival generally increased with the prefire severity of disease impacts, suggesting that decreased competition with adults may enhance seedling recruitment in this resprouter-dominated system. Species’ regeneration responses varied with their relative susceptibility to SOD and suggest compositional shifts, which will determine future disease management and forest restoration actions. These results additionally highlight that mechanisms related to biotic competition, seed limitation, and opportunities for seedling recruitment beneath mature canopies may determine possible shifts in the occurrence of resprouting traits. This result has broad applications to other systems impacted by human-altered regimes where asexual persistence may be predicted to be a beneficial life history strategy.
RENIN ANGIOTENSIN-ALDOSTERONE (RAAS) BLOCKADE FOR SECONDARY PREVENTION OF NON-VALVULAR ATRIAL FIBRILLATION: A META-ANALYSIS

The American Heart Association (AHA) 2014 guidelines advocate the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) for primary prevention of atrial fibrillation (AF) in cases of heart failure or hypertension. The intentions in this study were to evaluate
Diagnosis and management of depression in CRS: A knowledge, attitudes and practices survey

Introduction Comorbid major depressive disorder (MDD) is present in up to 25% of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) cases and provides prognostic information for patients undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). Clinical visits offer an opportunity to identify at-risk patients. Objective The purpose of the present study is to evaluate practice patterns among members of the American Rhinologic Society (ARS) in screening for/diagnosing MDD. Methods A 21-question survey was distributed to 1,206 members of the ARS from May 26, 2018 to June 12, 2018. The impact of demographic factors, including hospital setting, fellowship status, and experience were assessed through chi-squared analysis. Results A total of 80 members of the ARS completed the survey, yielding a response rate of 7%. Half of the respondents worked in academic settings and 43% had completed a rhinology fellowship. Twenty percent of the participants felt comfortable diagnosing or managing MDD, while only 10% of participants screened for MDD in patients with CRS. Respondents cited a lack of training (76%) and unfamiliarity with diagnostic criteria (76%) as barriers to the routine assessment of MDD. Most respondents (95%) considered comorbid psychiatric illness to negatively impact outcomes following ESS. Fellowship-trained respondents were significantly more likely to implement screening tools in their practice (p = 0.05), and believe in the negative impact of MDD on postoperative outcomes (p = 0.007), cost of care (p = 0.04) and quality of life (p = 0.047). Conclusion Amongst ARS members, 95% of the respondents consider comorbid MDD to negatively impact patient outcomes following ESS. Regardless, a large proportion of surgeons neither screen nor feel comfortable diagnosing MDD.
The burden of obstructive sleep apnea in pediatric sickle cell disease: a Kids' inpatient database study.

STUDY OBJECTIVES Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular morbidity. Patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) are at increased risk for both neurologic complications (NC) and OSA. However, the relationship between OSA and SCD complications is unclear. We hypothesized that there would be an association between OSA diagnosis and SCD complications. METHODS Hospital discharge records of patients with SCD aged < 19 years were obtained for the years 1997, 2000, 2003, 2006, 2009, and 2012 from the Kid's Inpatient Database. The primary outcome, NC, a composite of stroke, transient ischemic attack, and seizures. Secondary outcomes included acute chest syndrome (ACS), vaso-occlusive crisis, length of hospital stay, and inflation-adjusted cost of hospitalization. Multivariable regression was conducted to ascertain the association of OSA with primary and secondary outcomes. Analyses were adjusted for the use of noninvasive mechanical ventilation (NIMV) to determine its role as NC risk modifier. RESULTS There were 203,705 SCD discharges included in the analysis, of which 2,820 (1.4%) and 4,447 (2.2%) also included OSA and NC diagnoses. Multivariable logistic regression indicated that OSA was associated with NC (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.50 [95% CI 1.02-2.21], p = 0.039) and ACS (OR, 1.34 [95% CI 1.08-1.67], p = 0.009) in children with SCD. In the multivariable analysis adjusted for NIMV, the significant association between OSA and NC was no longer observed (OR, 1.39 [95% CI 0.94-2.05], p = 0.100). CONCLUSIONS OSA is associated with a 50% increase of odds of NC in children with SCD in this nationwide dataset. The use of NIMV to treat OSA may modify the risk of OSA-associated NC.
Development of thermosensitive resiquimod-loaded liposomes for enhanced cancer immunotherapy.

Abstract Resiquimod (R848) is a toll-like receptor 7 and 8 (TLR7/8) agonist with potent antitumor and immunostimulatory activity. However, systemic delivery of R848 is poorly tolerated because of its poor solubility in water and systemic immune activation. In order to address these limitations, we developed an intravenously-injectable formulation with R848 using thermosensitive liposomes (TSLs) as a delivery vehicle. R848 was remotely loaded into TSLs composed of DPPC: DSPC: DSPE-PEG2K (85:10:5, mol%) with 100 mM FeSO4 as the trapping agent inside. The final R848 to lipid ratio of the optimized R848-loaded TSLs (R848-TSLs) was 0.09 (w/w), 10-fold higher than the previously-reported values. R848-TSLs released 80% of R848 within 5 min at 42 °C. These TSLs were then combined with αPD-1, an immune checkpoint inhibitor, and ultrasound-mediated hyperthermia in a neu deletion (NDL) mouse mammary carcinoma model (Her2+, ER/PR negative). Combined with αPD-1, local injection of R848-TSLs showed superior efficacy with complete NDL tumor regression in both treated and abscopal sites achieved in 8 of 11 tumor bearing mice over 100 days. Immunohistochemistry confirmed enhanced CD8+ T cell infiltration and accumulation by R848-TSLs. Systemic delivery of R848-TSLs, combined with local hyperthermia and αPD-1, inhibited tumor growth and extended median survival from 28 days (non-treatment control) to 94 days. Upon re-challenge with reinjection of tumor cells, none of the previously cured mice developed tumors, as compared with 100% of age-matched control mice. The dose of R848 (10 μg for intra-tumoral injection or 6 mg/kg for intravenous injection delivered up to 4 times) was well-tolerated without weight loss or organ hypertrophy. In summary, we developed R848-TSLs that can be administered locally or systematically, resulting in tumor regression and enhanced survival when combined with αPD-1 in mouse models of breast cancer.
Decolonizing the museum: Leila Aboulela’s “The Museum”

Leila Aboulela’s short story, “The Museum”, was the winner of the first Caine Prize for African Writing in 2000, arguably the most prestigious contemporary award for African writing. Ben Okri, the ...
Supervised Learning and Canonical Decomposition of Multivariate Functions

Learning a function from input and output data pairs is one of the most fundamental tasks in machine learning. In this work, we propose a generalization of the Canonical Polyadic Decomposition (CPD) from tensors to multivariate functions of continuous variables, and show how it can be applied to supervised learning. We approximate a compactly supported multivariate function using a tensor of truncated multidimensional Fourier series coefficients and propose a hidden tensor factorization formulation for learning a low-rank CPD model of the Fourier coefficients tensor. In contrast to prior work, our method is quite general as it can model any compactly supported multivariate function that can be well-approximated by a finite multidimensional Fourier series, and under certain conditions it guarantees that the unknown function is uniquely characterized by the given input-output data. Furthermore, our model naturally allows stochastic gradient updates allowing it to scale to larger datasets. We develop two optimization algorithms and demonstrate promising results on synthetic and real multivariate regression tasks.
Treatment Search Fatigue and Informed Consent.

Mergenthaler and colleagues (2021) have provided important empirical data on recruitment and consent in human intracranial electrophysiology research. One phenomenon that is particularly significan...
Solving Stochastic Inverse Problems for Structure-Property Linkages Using Data-Consistent Inversion

Process-structure-property relationships are the hallmark of materials science. Many integrated computational materials engineering (ICME) models have been developed at multiple length-scales and time-scales, where uncertainty quantification (UQ) plays an important role in quality assurance. In this paper, we applied our previous work [39] to learn a distribution of microstructure features that are consistent in the sense that the forward propagation of this distribution through a crystal plasticity finite element model (CPFEM) matches a target distribution on materials properties, which is given beforehand. To demonstrate the approach, DAMASK and DREAM.3D are employed to construct Hall-Petch relationship for a twinning-induced plasticity (TWIP) steel, where the average grain size distribution is inferred, given a distribution of offset yield strength.
Primary Colonic Medullary Carcinoma With Exclusive Squamous Differentiation.

Background/aim Medullary carcinoma (MC) of the colon is a rare subtype of colorectal adenocarcinoma (CRC) with unique histomorphology and frequent mismatch repair (MMR) deficiency. MC with exclusive squamous differentiation has not been reported. We report an unusual case of MC with squamous differentiation and tested this differentiation potential in other MMR-deficient CRC cases. Case report A 68-year-old woman presented with a large ascending colon mass and biopsy showed squamoid tumor morphology with immunoprofile concerning for squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). She underwent right hemicolectomy. Immunohistochemistry and next-generation sequencing (NGS) were performed for tumor classification. Macroscopically, the tumor was large and locally advanced. It metastasized to the lung without lymph node metastasis. Microscopically, the tumor cells were monotonous with cytological features of both MC and SCC. Immunostains were diffusely positive for p40 and CK5/6, but negative for other lineage markers including CDX2, CK20, and SATB2. The tumor was MMR deficient with loss of MLH1 and PMS2. NGS confirmed BRAF V600E mutation. In comparison, a tissue microarray comprising 64 previously diagnosed MMR deficient CRC was tested for squamous differentiation, and only 1 case showed focal CK5/6 expression, but none was positive for p40. Conclusion MC with exclusive squamous differentiation not only posed significant diagnostic challenges, but also unveiled unrecognized differentiation plasticity in this tumor type.