cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nash Bargaining Solutions of Multiparty Bargaining Problems

In multiparty systems situations often arise in which various coalitions could form and each potential coalition must decide on how the gains from their joint action should be shared. We view these situations as multilateral bargaining problems, take into account how players’ opportunities in other coalitions should affect their disagreement payoffs, and the apply the Nash bargaining solution to determine how the gains from their joint action should be shared in each potential coalition.
Problems of Personality

“How does the child feel who is laughed at ?… The more the child suffers from ridicule, the more tempted is his teacher to turn it upon him.” She means no harm to the child, but—
Multiscale analysis of autotroph-heterotroph interactions in a high-temperature microbial community.

Interactions among microbial community members can lead to emergent properties, such as enhanced productivity, stability, and robustness. Iron-oxide mats in acidic (pH 2–4), high-temperature (> 65 °C) springs of Yellowstone National Park contain relatively simple microbial communities and are well-characterized geochemically. Consequently, these communities are excellent model systems for studying the metabolic activity of individual populations and key microbial interactions. The primary goals of the current study were to integrate data collected in situ with in silico calculations across process-scales encompassing enzymatic activity, cellular metabolism, community interactions, and ecosystem biogeochemistry, as well as to predict and quantify the functional limits of autotroph-heterotroph interactions. Metagenomic and transcriptomic data were used to reconstruct carbon and energy metabolisms of an important autotroph (Metallosphaera yellowstonensis) and heterotroph (Geoarchaeum sp. OSPB) from the studied Fe(III)-oxide mat communities. Standard and hybrid elementary flux mode and flux balance analyses of metabolic models predicted cellular- and community-level metabolic acclimations to simulated environmental stresses, respectively. In situ geochemical analyses, including oxygen depth-profiles, Fe(III)-oxide deposition rates, stable carbon isotopes and mat biomass concentrations, were combined with cellular models to explore autotroph-heterotroph interactions important to community structure-function. Integration of metabolic modeling with in situ measurements, including the relative population abundance of autotrophs to heterotrophs, demonstrated that Fe(III)-oxide mat communities operate at their maximum total community growth rate (i.e. sum of autotroph and heterotroph growth rates), as opposed to net community growth rate (i.e. total community growth rate subtracting autotroph consumed by heterotroph), as predicted from the maximum power principle. Integration of multiscale data with ecological theory provides a basis for predicting autotroph-heterotroph interactions and community-level cellular organization.
All Advanced Placement (AP) Computer Science is Not Created Equal: A Comparison of AP Computer Science A and Computer Science Principles

This article compares the two most prominent courses of Advanced Placement (AP) computer science study offered throughout 9-12 grades in the U.S. The structure, guidelines, components, and exam formats of the traditional AP Computer Science A course and the relatively newer AP Computer Science Principles course were compared to examine differences in content and emphases. A depth-of-learning analysis was conducted employing Bloom’s Revised Taxonomy to examine potential differences in rigor and challenge represented by the two options, particularly as it relates to acquiring computer programming proficiency. Analyses suggest structural differences in both course content and end-of-course exam components likely result in less depth and rigor in the new Computer Science Principles course as compared to the Computer Science A course. A lower minimum standard for learning programming skills in the Computer Science Principles course was observed, making it a less viable option for students looking to acquire skills transferable to future computer science study or employment. The potential implications for students choosing the new course over the traditional offering, as well as for schools opting for the new course as its sole or primary offering are discussed.
9 – Tissue engineering of the lens: fundamentals

This chapter discusses the current state of tissue engineering of the lens, including both development in vitro for implantation in vivo and spontaneous regeneration in vivo. It goes on to discuss the primary requirements for in vivo lens regeneration and the use of biodegradable and non-degradable scaffolds to enhance the process. It addresses the need for a tissue-engineered alternative for the treatment of cataract and presbyopia, and the potential application in humans.
Recanalization for large vessel stroke: Necessary but not sufficient for reperfusion.

Precision medicine, the initiative to replace a one-size-fits-all approach designed for the average patient with treatments tailored to account for unique differences among individuals, shifts paradigms across many fields of medicine. Within neurology, the treatment of ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusions (LVO) offers a compelling illustration. In recent years, reproducible measurements of clinical deficit burden (e.g., NIH Stroke Scale), combined with multimodal imaging to identify LVO and to estimate the volumes of irrecoverable infarct and potentially salvageable tissue, have created a system to rapidly individualize treatment within various time windows.1 Implicitly, there is no average stroke. Individual intrinsic differences in the flow capacity of collateral vessels, degree of chronic ischemic disease, ischemic preconditioning, oxidative stress tolerance, microvascular blood flow regulation, and other factors influence each patient's response to treatment interventions such as thrombolysis, thrombectomy, or hemodynamic augmentation. For example, the adequacy of collateral blood flow in patients with LVO predicts the likelihood of neurologic worsening and differs markedly among patients.2 Collateral flow partially determines the degree of volume mismatch between infarct core and at-risk penumbra, as well as the success of endovascular treatment.3 Chronic ischemic disease in the form of leukoaraiosis predicts symptomatic hemorrhage and poor outcomes after intravenous thrombolysis and endovascular thrombectomy, and the hyperacute response to oxidative stress predicts infarct growth and final infarct volume.4,5
Prospective, Randomized, Contralateral Eye Comparison of Wavefront-Guided and Wavefront-Optimized Laser in Situ Keratomileusis.

Purpose To compare outcomes in wavefront-optimized (WFO) laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) to high-resolution wavefront-guided (WFG) LASIK. Design Randomized, fellow eye controlled, clinical trial. Methods A total of 200 eyes of 100 patients with myopia or compound myopic astigmatism undergoing bilateral LASIK between October 2015 and February 2017 underwent wavefront-optimized (WFO) LASIK in 1 eye and wavefront-guided (WFG) LASIK in the fellow eye. Each eye was evaluated for uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), contrast sensitivity, refractive error, and wavefront aberrometry. Outcome measurement primarily UDVA at 12 months. Secondary outcomes were safety, predictability, stability, refractive error, CDVA, contrast sensitivity, and higher-order aberrations at 12 months. Results WFG LASIK had higher levels of supervision and better contrast sensitivity compared to WFO. Both types had excellent postoperative UDVA results, without a significant difference in either mean UDVA or frequency of achieving a specified UDVA, for example, 20/16 or better (all P > 0.05). The mean gain in lines of CDVA was significantly higher in the WFG than in the WFO group (0.80 ± 0.75 vs 0.62 ± 0.72, respectively; P = 0.04). The WFG cohort had significantly better contrast sensitivity for mean and frequency of achieving >20/40 for 20/32 for Conclusions Wavefront-optimized and high-resolution wavefront-guided LASIK achieve excellent visual outcomes. Nonetheless, treatments based on a high-resolution aberrometer appear to offer superior results in some regards.
Pathological consequences of anti-citrullinated protein antibodies in tear fluid and therapeutic potential of pooled human immune globulin-eye drops in dry eye disease.

Abstract Purpose To investigate the role of Anti-Citrullinated Protein autoantibodies (ACPAs) in the pathology of dry eye disease (DED) and the therapeutic potential of pooled human immune globulin-eye drops in these patients. Methods We investigated the presence of citrullinated proteins and ACPAs in ocular surface wash (OSW) and conjunctival impressions from patients with DED and determined the pathological consequences of OSW with high ACPA using in vitro experiments and in vivo murine models. We performed a randomized, double-masked, pilot clinical trial to determine the safety, tolerability and preliminary efficacy of using pooled human immune globulin-eye drops to treat DED patients with ACPAs in OSW. Results We found that neutrophils are a source of citrullinated proteins on the ocular surface of DED patients. We detected significantly higher immunoglobulin amount and presence of several species of ACPAs in OSW from DED patients. We also found that OSW with high ACPA contributes to production of NETs, and that ACPAs cause ocular surface disease in murine eyes, both of which are reduced with addition of Immune globulins. As compared to Vehicle treatment, pooled human immune globulin-eye drops (IVIG 4 mg/mL) twice a day for 8 weeks caused significant reduction in signs and symptoms of DED with no difference in tolerability or adverse events. Conclusions This is the first report demonstrating ACPAs in OSW of DED patients and their contribution to ocular surface disease. The first-in-human clinical trial suggests that pooled immune globulin-eye drops are a potential new class of biologic therapies for Dry Eye patients.
Clinical Issues in the Arthritis Patient

This chapter serves as a general overview of the rheumatic diseases, offering an introduction to clinical rheumatology as it relates to the review of musculoskeletal radiology. It begins with a discussion of various physical exam, history, and laboratory findings. Next, the most common rheumatic diseases (both inflammatory and noninflammatory) are summarized – with a focus on describing typical clinical and radiologic findings. There is some additional discussion of common treatments as well. This chapter provides a brief background of the rheumatic diseases for physicians in all specialties.
Occurrence of cis-7-tetradecenoic acid in the envelope phospholipids of Escherichia coli K12.

Abstract We have isolated a tetradecenoic acid from E . coli and have identified this new acid as cis -7-tetradecenoic by its 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum. This identification was confirmed by conventional structural studies. The acid is a component of the phospholipids of E . coli and comprises about 15% of the total phospholipid unsaturated fatty acid.
Teacher Professional Development and Student Reading Achievement: A Meta-Analytic Review of the Effects

Research-based instruction is necessary to support students’ reading development, and professional development (PD) is a critical avenue to ensuring high-quality instructional practices. To date, t...
Cinefluorographic studies of the bladder and urethra in women: I. Urethrovesical relationships in voluntary and involuntary urination

Abstract Cinefluorography has been adapted to the study of the bladder and urethra in women. From 500 to 2,000 frames can be made for each patient. Projection of these motion pictures provides a new technique for the study of normal and abnormal urination. Further study will be necessary before the method can be applied clinically.
Hybrid embroidery: exploring interactive fabrication in handcrafts

This paper presents Hybrid Embroidery, a framework for interactive fabrication that leverages computational methods to broaden the possibilities of the craft of embroidery. Combining embroidery techniques, generative design methods, computer vision and a computerized embroidery machine, we show how this framework elicits a variety of innovative fabrication experiences that emphasize open-ended exploration, improvisation and play. The paper documents this framework, a series of sample results, challenges and next steps. It further outlines some of its implications for supporting creative exploration through real-time and direct manipulation of materials and close human-machine interaction.
Donor-Specific Plasma Factors Contribute to Aberrant Staining Artifacts with a Commercial Lyophilized Mass Cytometry Antibody Panel

Abstract High-dimensional mass cytometry (CyTOF) phenotyping allows for the routine measurement of over 40 parameters and is increasingly being utilized across a wide range of studies. However, CyTOF-specific panel design and optimization represent challenges to wider adoption and standardization of immune profiling with CyTOF. To address this, Fluidigm recently commercialized its MaxPar Direct Immune Profiling Assay (MDIPA), which comprises a lyophilized 30-marker antibody panel that is able to identify all major circulating immune cell subsets and offers a streamlined solution for standardized human immune monitoring. However, in the course of applying the MDIPA to characterize large numbers of whole blood samples, we observed several instances of unusual aberrant staining patterns, most notably CD19 expression on non-B cells, which can potentially confound data analysis and lead to erroneous interpretation of results when using this assay. Here, we report that this complex phenomenon is mediated by donor-specific plasma factors that mediate non-specific interactions between specific antibodies in the MDIPA panel. Our findings additionally suggest specific strategies that can be used to mitigate the issue, including the use of PBMCs or lysed/washed whole blood to remove endogenous plasma prior to staining, or blocking specific antibodies in the MDIPA panel.
Development and characterization of stabilized, polymerized phospholipid bilayers on silica particles for specific immobilization of His-tagged proteins

Stabilized phospholipid bilayer (PLB) coated silica microspheres were prepared via polymerization of lipid monomers. These lipid coated silica microspheres are stable to both extended storage in solution at 4∘C and dry storage at room temperature. These stabilized lipid coated microspheres have also been functionalized with nickel-chelating lipids, a commonly used tool for immobilizing polyhistidine-tagged proteins. It is shown that 6xHis-EGFP interacts with (poly)bis-SorbPC/DOGS-NTA-Ni2+ coated silica and this interaction was interrupted by washing with imidazole indicating the reversibility of the interaction. No interaction was observed between the functionalized silica substrate and EGFP, which lacks the 6xHis-tag. Furthermore, these biocompatible (poly)bis-SorbPC coated microspheres were able to minimize non-specific protein adsorption.
A Comfort Measures Only Checklist for Critical Care Providers: Impact on Satisfaction and Symptom Management.

Purpose This quality improvement project created a guide for critical care providers transitioning patients to comfort measures only encouraging communication, collaboration, and shared decision making; ensuring management of patients' end-of-life symptoms and needs; and enhancing provider satisfaction by improving structure and consistency when transitioning patients. Description of the project Interviews conducted with staff in intensive care units revealed opportunities to improve structure and processes of transitioning patients at the end of life. A subcommittee of experts designed a checklist to facilitate interdisciplinary conversations. Impact on provider satisfaction and symptom management was assessed. Presurveys circulated used a Research Electronic Data Capture tool. A checklist was implemented for 3 months, and then postsurveys were sent. Charts were audited to identify improvement in symptom management and compared with retrospective samples. Outcomes Clinical improvements were seen in communication (12%), collaboration (25%), shared decision making (22%), and order entry time (17%). In addition, 72% agreed the checklist improved structure and consistency; 69% reported improved communication, collaboration, and shared decision making; 61% felt it improved knowledge/understanding of patient needs; and 69% agreed it improved management of patient symptoms. Conclusion After checklist implementation, staff felt more involved and more comfortable, and reported more clarity in transitioning patients; no improvement in patient outcomes was realized.
Azithromycin induces sestrin2 expression through Nrf2 signaling pathway in lung epithelial cells stimulated with cigarette smoke extract (869.11)

Azithromycin has been reported to reduce exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) based on its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. The aim of this study was to identify t...
Fractal Network Model for Contact Conductance

The topography of rough surfaces strongly influences the conduction of heat and electricity between two surfaces in contact. Roughness measurements on a variety of surfaces have shown that their structure follows a fractal geometry whereby similar images of the surface appear under repeated magnification. Such a structure is characterized by the fractal dimension D, which lies between 2 and 3 for a surface and between 1 and 2 for a surface profile. This paper uses the fractal characterization of surface roughness to develop a new network model for analyzing heat conduction between two contacting rough surfaces. The analysis yields the simple result that the contact conductance h and the real area of contact A{sub t} are related as h {approximately} A{sub t}{sup D/2} where D is the fractal dimension of the surface profile. Contact mechanics of fractal surfaces has shown that A{sub t} varies with the load F as A{sub t} {approximately} F{sup {eta}} where {eta} ranges from 1 to 1.33 depending on the value of D. This proves that the ocnductance and load are related as h {approximately} F{sup {eta}D/2} and resolves the anomaly in previous investigations, which theoretically and experimentally obtained different values for the load exponent. Themore » analytical results agreed well with previous experiments although there is a tendency for overprediction.« less
Simulation of Kinetically Limited Nucleation and Growth at Monatomic Step Edges

A kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) numerical approach was used to investigate initial stages of kinetically controlled nucleation and growth on electrodes. Deposition, surface diffusion, nucleation, and growth were simulated for a pristine system consisting of metal ions in solution adjacent to a face-centered-cubic (fee) surface that is initially configured with a series of parallel, monatomic step edges. Simulations were carried out with an atomic-scale, solid-on-solid KMC algorithm, in which the deposited atoms occupied the sites of a fee lattice. One series of simulations was carried out for metal deposition onto a substrate of the same metal. The results were characterized according to a dimensionless quantity, A, that represented the ratio of the rate of surface diffusion to the rate of deposition. It was found for large values of A that the deposit grew at the monatomic step edges, whereas for small values of A the step edges played no role in the nucleation of islands. A second series of simulations was carried out for deposition onto a foreign substrate. The growth modes associated with various combinations of system parameters was explored.
Enhanced propionic acid fermentation by Propionibacterium acidipropionici mutant obtained by adaptation in a fibrous‐bed bioreactor

Fed-batch fermentations of glucose by P. acidipropionici ATCC 4875 in free-cell suspension culture and immobilized in a fibrous-bed bioreactor (FBB) were studied. The latter produced a much higher propionic acid concentration (71.8 +/- 0.8 g/L vs. 52.2 +/- 1.1 g/L), indicating enhanced tolerance to propionic acid inhibition by cells adapted in the FBB. Compared to the free-cell fermentation, the FBB culture produced 20-59% more propionate (0.40-0.65 +/- 0.02 g/g vs. 0.41 +/- 0.02 g/g), 17% less acetate (0.10 +/- 0.01 g/g vs. 0.12 +/- 0.02 g/g), and 50% less succinate (0.09 +/- 0.02 g/g vs. 0.18 +/- 0.03 g/g) from glucose. The higher propionate production in the FBB was attributed to mutations in two key enzymes, oxaloacetate transcarboxylase and propionyl CoA: succinyl CoA transferase, leading to the production of propionic acid from pyruvate. Both showed higher specific activity and lower sensitivity to propionic acid inhibition in the mutant than in the wild type. In contrast, the activity of PEP carboxylase, which converts PEP directly to oxaloacetate and leads to the production of succinate from glucose, was generally lower in the mutant than in the wild type. For phosphotransacetylase and acetate kinase in the acetate formation pathway, however, there was no significant difference between the mutant and the wild type. In addition, the mutant had a striking change in its morphology. With a threefold increase in its length and approximately 24% decrease in its diameter, the mutant cell had an approximately 10% higher specific surface area that should have made the mutant more efficient in transporting substrates and metabolites across the cell membrane. A slightly lower membrane-bound ATPase activity found in the mutant also indicated that the mutant might have a more efficient proton pump to allow it to better tolerate propionic acid. In addition, the mutant had more longer-chain saturated fatty acids (C17:0) and less unsaturated fatty acids (C18:1), both of which could decrease membrane fluidity and might have contributed to the increased propionate tolerance. The enhanced propionic acid production from glucose by P. acidipropionici was thus attributed to both a high viable cell density maintained in the reactor and favorable mutations resulted from adaptation by cell immobilization in the FBB.
Stable and Unstable Nonlinear Resonant Response of Hanging Chains: Theory and Experiment

The three-dimensional nonlinear dynamics of a hanging chain, driven by harmonic excitation at the top, are studied first analytically and numerically, and then experimentally. Asymptotic results demonstrate a sensitive dependence on excitation frequency and amplitude. For moderately large excitation amplitudes there are distinct regions of stable two-dimensional and stable three-dimensional response as function of frequency, as well as a distinct region in which all steady-state solutions are unstable. Numerical results were obtained to verify the asymptotic solutions and investigate the dynamics within the irregular response region. Numerical results for even larger excitation amplitudes showed that large impulse-like tension forces cause the chain to lose tension over a region adjacent to its freely hanging end, and then collapse. Following the collapse, the chain configuration intersects itself. Experimental results confirm qualitatively and quantitatively the theoretical predictions. The experimental results also demonstrate the loss of tension and subsequent collapse of the chain at the predicted excitation amplitudes, as well as the intersection of the chain with itself.
Integration of radiologist peer review into clinical review workstation.

Professional peer review of random prior radiologist’s interpretations is mandated by the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO). The JCAHO expects documentation of 5% rate of random peer-review cases. Countless hours are spent in departments fulfilling these requirements. The integration of the peer-review process into the radiologist’s interpretation workflow was expected to increase the percentage of documented peer review, yet decrease the time and effort for this documentation radStation clinical review workstations are deployed at every reading station. When a requisition is barcoded, radStation retrieves the patient’s clinical information and automatically displays the prior comparison report. If the radiologist agrees with the prior report, a single click on a “quality assurance’ agree box documents the agreement. In the case of a discordance, an additional dialog box automatically appears and the radiologist enters the reason for disagreement and then submits the case as a discrepancy. The system holds the discordance for 3 to 5 working days, then notifies the original radiologist via E-mail that a prior interpretation has been submitted for peer review, lists the submitted discrepancy reason, and provides a link to display the discordant report. The peer-review database is separate from the existing radiology information system (RIS). At the end of every month, summary reports of all peer-review activity are generated automatically. Initial benchmarks of our deployed system anticipate documentation of long-term random peer-review rate at greater than 50% of interpreted cases. The system enhances the peer-review process by integrating it with the normal interpretation workflow. The time to complete peer review using radStation is less than 1 second per normal case and less than 60 seconds for a discordant case. The E-mail notification system is fully automent in the data collection. This system has completely replaced a manual paper-based system. The integration of peer review directly into the radiologist’s interpretation workstation greatly enhances the capability to easily exceed JCAHO standards. The overall increase in peer-review documentation should continue to improve the ability to document a consistent high quality of patient care.
DICOM shareware: a public implementation of the DICOM standard

This software was designed to satisfy the requirements of the 1993 DICOM demonstration and is not intended to provide a complete system. However, this software does provide an example implementation which can be used to gain understanding about the DICOM Standard and has successfully communicated with the 20 vendors who participated in the DICOM demonstration at the 1993 RSNA. This software is written in ANSI-C and has been compiled under the following operating systems: SunOS, Solaris, Ultrix, OSF/1, Irix, NextSTEP. This poster describes the implementation of the software, how the software can be used, and how the software can be obtained.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Shadows Cast by Retinal Blood Vessels Mapped in Primary Visual Cortex

The mammalian eye is a remarkable optical device, but its design is not perfect. The blood vessels that supply the inner retina are located in front of the photoreceptor layer, blocking access to light. Their shadows create a pattern of blindness in the field of vision that corresponds precisely to the location of the largest vessels in the eye. We show here that in squirrel monkeys, focal deprivation by blood vessels leads to rewiring of the eye's geniculocortical projections, imprinting an image of the retinal vascular tree onto the primary visual cortex. This process illustrates vividly that local imbalances in neuronal activity can influence column formation during normal development.
Coaching as Inquiry: The South Carolina Reading Initiative

Embedded within traditional notions of coaching are unstated expectations that (a) the coach is an expert and knows what it is that the other person should be doing and (b) based on his or her expertise, the coach should take actions to achieve his or her vision for the other person. Within the South Carolina Reading Initiative, however, literacy coaching was not about moving another person in a particular direction, but instead literacy coaching was a collaborative inquiry into literacy theory, research, practice, and learning. As members of the teaching team, our primary responsibility was to help coaches learn to coach and teachers improve their practices via inquiry, thus providing all participants (students, teachers, coaches, teaching team members, State Department of Education staff), the opportunity to “outgrow their former selves.”
Stimulant Medication and Parent Training Therapies for Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder

The present article provides a brief overview of the clinical use of two of the most commonly used and effective therapies for Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in children: stimulant medication treatment and training parents in child behavior management skills. The clinical issues involved in the use of each treatment, as well as their limitations, are reviewed, along with evidence for their efficacy. It is concluded that ADHD is a developmental disorder of attention, impulse control, and regulation of activity level that requires multiple treatment methods, which must be applied over long time intervals if they are to produce an impact on the outcome of children with ADHD.
Higher-plant phytochrome: “I used to date histidine, but now I prefer serine”

The primary photoreceptors of higher plants are the phytochromes and cryptochromes—quite distinct from the rhodopsins that animals use for vision. Phytochrome mediates responses to red/far-red light through a tetrapyrolle chromophore (1, 2), whereas the cryptochromes respond to blue/UV-A light through a flavin (3, 4). An important and distinguishing feature of the phytochrome light-sensing system is that it measures, not the absolute amount of red/far-red light, but the ratio of the amount of light (the number of photons) corresponding to these two regions of the spectrum. Phytochrome acts as a light-regulated molecular switch, with the capacity to undergo repeated interconversion between the red light-absorbing phytochrome (Pr) form and the far-red light-absorbing phytochrome (Pfr).
Corrosion-Enhanced Fatigue and Multiple-Site Damage

Multiple-site (fatigue) damage, (MSD) and its impact on the structural integrity (or safety of flight) of aging aircraft have been well recognized. Research to date has focused on fracture-mechanics-based analysis and experimentation for the consequences of MSD. The impact of corrosion on the early onset of MSD and the need for quantitative methodologies to predict the evolution and distribution of damage and MSD, on the other hand, are not fully appreciated. The mechanism for pitting corrosion in airframe aluminum alloys and the influence of pitting on the onset of fatigue cracking are briefly reviewed, and the influence of localized corrosion on the evolution of MSD is discussed. A mechanistically based probability model for corrosion and corrosion-enhanced fatigue crack growth and its application in predicting the probability of occurrence (PoO) of damage are summarized. The use of the PoO in a methodology to assess the onset and severity of MSD is demonstrated using teardown data from a Boeing 707 and two AT-38B aircraft.
Empirical calibration of the silica–Ca‐tschermak’s–anorthite (SCAn) geobarometer

The pressure-sensitive equilibrium among anorthite, quartz and the Ca-tschermak component in clinopyroxene (CaAl2SiO6; CaTs), CaAl2SiOCpx6+SiOQtz2=CaAl2Si2OPl8 (SCAn) ,can be used as a geobarometer in granulites with the proper assemblage, and has been calibrated using mineral composition data from partial melting experiments of natural assemblages and from phase equilibrium experiments on the end-member CMAS system. The experimental data cover the P–T range 4–32 kbar and 900–1400 °C. Linear least-squares regression analysis of the experimental data resulted in the following empirical expressions for pressure in terms of composition and temperature: P= 5.066 [±0.760]+ 1300 [±800]T −lnK276 [±16] ·T [±2.5 kbar]orP= 6.330 [±0.116]−lnK301 [±9]·T [±1.0 kbar] ,where K= aPlAn aCpxCaTs .The first equation incorporates an enthalpy term, but is less accurate than the second equation, in which the enthalpy of reaction is ignored. Application of these expressions to natural and experimental equilibrium mineral assemblages demonstrates that the empirical barometers are applicable over a wide range of pressures (≥4 kbar), temperatures (≥700 °C) and bulk compositions (Mg#≥32.5).
Imaging intraabdominal abscesses and nonoperative drainage procedures

With state-of-the-art imaging and interventional techniques, the diagnosis and management of intraabdominal abscesses have improved. Radionuclide scanning, ultrasound, and computed tomography are very accurate for the diagnosis and staging of intraabdominal abscesses, permitting the use of percutaneous drainage methods. Percutaneous abscess drainage (PAD) has gained wide acceptance and applications now include not only curative drainages but also certain palliative ones. Although some controversy exists relative to results and palliative procedures, PAD is now accepted as an effective alternative to operative drainage.
Perception of sequentially presented tactile point stimuli

Either two or three brief (10 msec) airjet stimuli were sequentially presented to any of the 24 interjoint regions of the fingers (thumbs excluded). The stimulus onset interval (SOI) ranged from zero (simultaneous presentation) through 200 msec. The S’s task in one part of the experiment was to report the positions stimulated in the order that the stimuli were presented; in a second part it was to rate the apparent motion produced by the stimulus sequence. While the ability of Ss to spatially localize the stimuli was a constant independent of SOI, their ability to temporally order the stimuli depended strongly on SOI. With two stimuli, these sequential errors decayed exponentially with SOI with a time constant of 26 msec. With three stimuli, however, both the sequential errors and equivalent temporal Urnen were more than twice as large as with two stimuli, indicating that the three-stimulus task is considerably more difficult than the two, and that the same simple temporal resolution model does not explain both cases. A model with a constant rate of information uptake, however, can explain both of these cases.
Construction of a Ultrananocrystalline Diamond Based Cold Cathode Arrays for a Flat-Panel X-Ray Source

A novel cold cathode field emission array (FEA) X-ray source based on ultra-nanocrystalline diamond (UNCD) field emitters is being constructed as an alternative for detection of obscured objects and material. Depending on the geometry of the given situation the flat-panel X-ray source could be used in tomography, radiography, or tomosynthesis. Furthermore, the unit could be used as a portable X-ray scanner or an integral part of an existing detection system. UNCD field emitters show great field emission output and can be deposited over large areas as the case with carbon nanotube “forest” (CNT) cathodes. Furthermore, UNCDs have better mechanical and thermal properties as compared to CNT tips which further extend the lifetime of UNCD based FEA. This work includes the first generation of the UNCD based FEA prototype which is being manufactured at the Center for Nanoscale Materials within Argonne National Laboratory with standard microfabrication techniques. The prototype is a 3x3 pixel FEA, with a pixel pitch of 500 μm, where each pixel is individually controllable.
Case Study Review

Examining case studies from patients with interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) is important in order to evaluate current diagnosis and treatment options. Two cases will be discussed; the first case examines a patient with usual interstitial pneumonia, and the second case examines a patient with subacute ILD and elements to suggest a forme fruste presentation of an unclassifiable connective tissue disease. Each case highlights components of the differential diagnosis, as well as reviews the treatments and prognoses of these patients. The cases provide clinical pearls that are designed to enhance the reader's understanding of ILDs.
Methionine-loading rapidly impairs endothelial function, by mechanisms independent of endothelin-1: evidence for an association of fasting total homocysteine with plasma endothelin-1 levels.

Objective: Homocysteinemia is associated with elevated oxidative stress and impaired endothelial function. In the present study we examined the impact of oxidative stress in the development of endothelial dysfunction in both chronic and acute (methionine-induced) homocysteinemia in humans. We also examined the role of endothelin-1 (ET-1) in the development of endothelial dysfunction in these two conditions.Methods: In this double-blind placebo controlled study, 28 subjects of both genders (14 with homocysteinemia and 14 healthy controls) underwent methionine-loading (100mg/Kg body weight) in a standard juice, containing vitamins C (2g) plus E (800IU) (n = 14) or no vitamins (placebo group, n = 14). Forearm vasodilatory response to reactive hyperemia, plasma total homocysteine (tHcy), oxidized LDL (ox-LDL), ET-1 and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule (sVCAM-1), were evaluated at baseline and 4 hours post methionine loading (4hPML).Results: Chronic homocysteinemia was associated with increased oxLDL (p...
Marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of the salivary gland arising in chronic sclerosing sialadenitis (Küttner tumor).

We report a case of extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) type of the salivary gland arising in a background of chronic sclerosing sialadenitis. Chronic sclerosing sialadenitis is a common fibrosing chronic inflammatory lesion of the submandibular gland, which is thought to be the result of sialolithiasis, and is not associated with a systemic autoimmune disease. Salivary MALT lymphomas are typically associated with lymphoepithelial sialadenitis (LESA) in a patient with or without Sjogren's syndrome. Our case of salivary MALT lymphoma was neither preceded by Sjogren's syndrome nor accompanied by LESA. This case suggests that chronic inflammatory processes other than Sjogren's syndrome may provide a substrate for the development of MALT lymphoma.
Gordon: An Improved Architecture for Data-Intensive Applications

Gordon is a system architecture for data-centric applications combining low-power processors, flash memory, and data-centric programming systems to improve performance and efficiency for data-centric applications, the article explores the Gordon design space and the design of a specialized flash translation layer. Gordon systems can outperform disk-based clusters by 1.5x and deliver 2.5x more performance per watt.
Metabolism of 14C-carbonyl Labeled Supracide by Lactating Cows

Abstract The metabolism of a new organophosphorus insectide, Supracide, intended for controlling alfalfa weevil and other insects was studied in lactating cows. The labeled compound was rapidly metabolized and eliminated from the bovine. The major routes of carbon-14 excretion were urinary and respiratory. One to two per cent of the label appeared in milk, but no parent compound was present. A small percentage of milk radioactivity was identified as a sulfoxide and sulfone metabolite. The principal radioactivity found in milk was retained in the nonextractable fraction. This was probably due to incorporation of 14 C-metabolites into synthesized natural nonfat solids of milk.
Development of the T+M coupled flow-geomechanical simulator to describe fracture propagation and coupled flow-thermal-geomechanical processes in tight/shale gas systems

We developed a hydraulic fracturing simulator by coupling a flow simulator to a geomechanics code, namely T+M simulator. Modeling of the vertical fracture development involves continuous updating of the boundary conditions and of the data connectivity, based on the finite element method for geomechanics. The T+M simulator can model the initial fracture development during the hydraulic fracturing operations, after which the domain description changes from single continuum to double or multiple continua in order to rigorously model both flow and geomechanics for fracture-rock matrix systems. The T+H simulator provides two-way coupling between fluid-heat flow and geomechanics, accounting for thermo-poro-mechanics, treats nonlinear permeability and geomechanical moduli explicitly, and dynamically tracks changes in the fracture(s) and in the pore volume. We also fully account for leak-off in all directions during hydraulic fracturing. We first test the T+M simulator, matching numerical solutions with the analytical solutions for poromechanical effects, static fractures, and fracture propagations. Then, from numerical simulation of various cases of the planar fracture propagation, shear failure can limit the vertical fracture propagation of tensile failure, because of leak-off into the reservoirs. Slow injection causes more leak-off, compared with fast injection, when the same amount of fluid is injected. Changes in initial total stress and contributions of shear effective stress to tensile failure can also affect formation of the fractured areas, and the geomechanical responses are still well-posed.
The Johns Hopkins Ultraviolet Telescope for Shuttle Astronomy

The Hopkins Ultraviolet Telescope (HUT) is a 90-cm f/2 prime focus telescope and spectrometer with a photon-counting microchannel plate detector designed to obtain moderate resolution (wavelength interval, approximately 4 A) spectrophotometry of faint (visual magnitude, less than approximately 17) objects in the far-ultraviolet spectral region (approximately 900-1700 A). The HUT will be mounted on the Spacelab Instrument Pointing System and will be operated by a Payload Specialist using a field acquisition TV system to assist in locating targets. The initial flight of the HUT, expected in 1984 or 1985, will be devoted primarily to the study of quasars and active galactic nuclei, emphasizing the 900-1200 A spectral region which is inaccessible with other existing or currently planned orbiting instruments.
From heavy-ion elastic scattering to fission: A unified potential for the description of large-scale nuclear collective motion

In a generalization of the modified liquid-drop model obtained by requiring that two semi-infinite slabs of constant-density nuclear matter have minimum energy at zero separation, we calculate the generalized nuclear surface energy by means of a double volume integral of a Yakawa-plus-exponential folding function. This leads to a unified nuclear potential that is useful for describing heavy-ion elastic scattering and fusion, nuclear fission, and nuclear ground-state masses and deformations.
Managing the project management process

The effective executive operating in today’s global environment must formulate, operate and execute across multi‐faceted environmental and organizational modes for different projects throughout their distinct phases in order to achieve results that meet shareholder expectations. In this study, the authors draw on a stream of research dealing with domestic and international project managers as well as the practical experience of the lead author to provide an informational integrated approach to help senior executives and project managers manage the strategic and operational facets of different projects. In this context, a practical roadmap for identifying problems and implementing timely corrective actions to improve projects’ success is advocated by this study.
When the finest splitting topology is a group topology or Fréchet

Abstract We characterize the completely regular Lindelof spaces X such that C ( X ) with the finest splitting topology is Frechet, a topological group, or a k -space.
On generalized matric variate beta distributions

In this paper the authors have introduced generalized matric variate beta distributions of types I and II. The characteristic function, factorization and asymptotic properties of these distributions have been studied.
Selective enrichment of cholinergic neurons with the α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex in rat brain

Abstract Numerous reports suggest a close interaction between acetylcholine homeostasis and oxidative metabolism. However, the neuroanatomical basis of this relationship has not been established. A previous study showed that a key mitochondrial enzyme, α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (KGDHC) occurs at low levels in neurons, glia and neuropil throughout the rat brain. Some regions including those that are enriched with a cholinergic neuronal marker, choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) show relatively high perikaryal enrichment of KGDHC. The current study utilized double label immunofluorescence to determine whether cholinergic neurons are enriched with KGDHC in rat brain. In cranial nerve nuclei, trapezoid nucleus, nucleus ambiguus and inferior olive, virtually all cholinergic neurons were enriched with KGDHC. However, in basal forebrain nuclei, only a subpopulation of cholinergic cells were intensely immunoreactive for KGDHC. These data provide morphological evidence to support the hypothesized link between cholinergic function and oxidative metabolism in specific brain regions.
Adsorption of gas mixture on activated carbon

Equilibrium adsorptions of H2 and CH4 from their mixture on three commercial activated carbons are measured by analyzing the breakthrough curves of the more strongly adsorbed CH4 at 25 and 204°C and pressures up to 1000 psia. Three methods of predicting adsorption of mixture based on single-gas isotherms are used and compared with experimental data: ideal adsorbed solution theory, modified Polanyi-Dubinin potential theory and loading ratio correlation. None of the methods seems to have a distinct advantage over the others. However the loading ratio correlation is the only non-iterative method.
Characterization of Equilibrium and Stability in Power Systems

The evaluation of the stability of a power system during a transient requires that the dynamics of the subsystems be decomposed into relative and collective motions. This decomposition must establish a distinction between synchronous and frequency equilibria. Such a decomposition is made possible by specifying a system center of angle which is defined as the inertia weighted average of all rotor angles. The angular velocity of the center of angle accurately describes the frequency of the system. An angular coordinate of each rotating element in the system can be specified relative to the center of angle. In terms of these coordinates a simple expression is obtained for the exact transient kinetic energy of the system. A transformation relating center of angle referenced variables to the usual one machine reference allows the simultaneous use of both references each where best suited.
Hispanic Paradox in Biological Risk Profiles

Objectives. We examined biological risk profiles by race, ethnicity, and nativity to evaluate evidence for a Hispanic paradox in measured health indicators.Methods. We used data on adults aged 40 years and older (n = 4206) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (1999–2002) to compare blood pressure, metabolic, and inflammatory risk profiles for Whites, Blacks, US-born and foreign-born Hispanics, and Hispanics of Mexican origin. We controlled for age, gender, and socioeconomic status.Results. Hispanics have more risk factors above clinical risk levels than do Whites but fewer than Blacks. Differences between Hispanics and Whites disappeared after we controlled for socioeconomic status, but results differed by nativity. After we controlled for socioeconomic status, the differences between foreign-born Hispanics and Whites were eliminated, but US-born Mexican Americans still had higher biological risk scores than did both Whites and foreign-born Mexican Americans.Conclusions. There is no ...