cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Modeling Piston-Ring Dynamics, Blowby, and Ring-Twist Effects

A ring-dynamics and gas-flow model has been developed to study ring/groove contact, blowby, and the influence of ring static twist, keystone ring/groove configurations, and other piston and ring parameters. The model is developed for a ring pack with three rings. The dynamics of the top two rings and the gas pressures in the regions above the oil control ring are simulated. Distributions of oil film thickness and surface roughness on the groove and ring surfaces are assumed in the model to calculate the forces generated by the ring/groove contact. Ring static and dynamic twists are considered, as well as different keystone ring/groove configurations. Ring dynamics and gas flows are coupled in the formulation and an implicit scheme is implemented, enabling the model to resolve detailed events such as ring flutter. Studies on a spark ignition engine found that static twist or, more generally speaking, the relative angle between rings and their grooves, has great influence on ring/groove contact characteristics, ring stability, and blowby. Ring flutter is found to occur for the second ring with a negative static twist under normal operating conditions and for the top ring with a negative static twist under high-speed/low-load operating conditions. Studies on a diesel engine show that different keystone ring/groove configurations result in different twist behaviors of the ring that may affect the wear pattern of the keystone ring running surfaces.
Extraction of sugar from beets

This paper presents the results of a previous investigation on the continuous counter-current extraction of sugar beets (3) and its correlations. The relationship between the continuous diffusion and the simple diffusion is discussed from the standpoint of extraction rate.
Large-scale causes of variation in the serpentine vegetation of California

Serpentine vegetation in California ranges from forest to shrubland and grassland, harbors many rare and endemic species, and is only moderately altered by invasive exotic species at the present time. To better understand the factors regulating the distribution of common/representative species, endemic/rare species, and the threat of exotics in this important flora, we analyzed broad-scale community patterns and environmental conditions in a geographically stratified set of samples from across the state. We considered three major classes of environmental influences: climate (especially precipitation), soils (especially the Mg2+/Ca2+ ratio), and the indirect influences of climate on soils. We used ordination to identify the major axes of variation in common species abundances, structural equation models to analyze the relationship of community axes and endemic and exotic species richness to the environment, and group analysis techniques to identify consistent groupings of species and characterize their properties. We found that community variation could be explained by a two-axis ordination. One axis ranged from conifer forest to grassland and was strongly related to precipitation. The second axis ranged from chaparral to grassland and had little relationship to current environmental conditions, suggesting a possible role for successional history. Precipitation and elevation were respectively the largest influences on endemic and exotic richness, followed by Mg2+/Ca2+. The results also support the idea that long-term precipitation patterns have altered the Mg2+/Ca2+ ratio via selective leaching, resulting in indirect influences on endemics (positive) and exotics (negative) but not affecting the abundances of common species. We discuss implications of these findings for the conservation of the California serpentine flora.
Strains of Bacillus subtilis synthesizing elevated levels of isoleucine-valine biosynthetic enzymes.

Bacillus subtilis strains synthesizing elevated levels of isoleucine-valine biosynthetic enzymes were obtained by selecting for resistance to the isoleucine analogue ketothiaisoleucine. One class of resistant strains exhibits a wild-type growth rate at 45° C, but grows slowly at 37° C. A shift from the permissive to the restrictive temperature results in derepression of pathway enzymes and decreased specific activity of isoleucyl tRNA synthetase. The mutation responsible for elevated enzyme levels in temperature sensitive strains is carried on the same molecule of transforming DNA as ilvaC and pheA and is designated KTAR.
Two mRNA Transcripts for Inducible (type II) Nitric Oxide Synthase in Fetal, Newborn, and Adult Ovine Lung. • 1960

Although the inducible (type II) Nitric Oxide synthase isoform (iNOS) has been identified in the normal fetal lung, little is known about changes in iNOS expression in the lung during fetal and postnatal development. We studied qualitative and quantitative changes in iNOS mRNA expression in the lungs of fetal, newborn and adult sheep. We performed northern blot analysis with pooled poly(A+) mRNA from the lungs of normal 92 day (d), 114d, and 136d fetuses, 1 and 5d lambs, and maternal (adult). Total RNA from the lungs of a rat injected with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used as a positive control for iNOS mRNA. Hybridization was performed with mouse and human iNOS cDNA probes. Stringent washing conditions were used (0.4×SSC, 0.1%SDS, 65°C). Probe signals were detected and quantitated with a phosphorimager. Whereas one iNOS mRNA transcript of 4.1Kb was detected in the LPS-treated rat lung, two mRNA transcripts of 4.1 and 2.6 Kb were present at all ages in the fetal, newborn, and adult ovine lung. The relative abundance of the two mRNA transcripts changed after birth. In conclusion, two iNOS mRNA transcripts were detected at all ages of ovine lung. The ratio of abundance of the two transcripts changed after birth. We speculate that the 2.6 Kb iNOS mRNA transcript results from alternate splicing of the primary transcript for iNOS. Figure
The nonlinear Schrödinger limit of the Zakharov equations governing Langmuir turbulence

We consider the initial value problem for the Zakharov equations $$\begin{gathered} \left( Z \right)\frac{1}{{\lambda ^2 }}n_{tt} - \Delta (n + \left| {\rm E} \right|^2 ) = 0n(x,0) = n_0 (x) \hfill \\ n_t (x,0) = n_1 (x) \hfill \\ iE_t + \Delta E - nE = 0E(x,0) = E_0 (x) \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $$ (x∈ℝ k ,k=2, 3,t ≧0) which model the propagation of Langmuir waves in plasmas. For suitable initial data solutions are shown to exist for a time interval independent of λ, a parameter proportional to the ion acoustic speed. For such data, solutions of (Z) converge as λ → ∞ to a solution of the cubic nonlinear Schrodinger equation (CSE)iE t +ΔE+|E|2 E=0. We consider both weak and strong solutions. For the case of strong solutions the results are analogous to previous results on the incompressible limit of compressible fluids.
Body mass index and serum folate in childbearing age women

Background: Higher pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) is associated with increased risk of neural tube defects (NTDs) and possibly other negative birth outcomes in the offspring. The mechanism for this association remains unknown. Lower maternal folate level has been implicated in the etiology of NTDs in general. The association of BMI␣with folate level, however, has not been investigated. Methods: The present study examines the association of BMI with folate level in childbearing age women before and after the 1998 U.S. folate fortification program of cereal products, using data from two cross-sectional surveys of the␣U.S. population, the third wave of the National␣Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III; 1988–1994) and the more recent wave of this survey (NHANES 1999–2000). Results: After controlling for intake of folate in food and nutritional supplements, increased BMI in childbearing age women was associated with a lower serum folate level in both surveys (p < 0.001). Using data from NHANES 1999–2000, it was estimated that women in the 30.0+ kg/m2 BMI category would need to take an additional 350 μg/day of folate to achieve the same serum folate level as women in the < 20.0 kg/ma2 category. Conclusion: Lower folate level may be one mechanism linking higher maternal BMI and increased risk of NTDs in the offspring. If corroborated in future studies, findings from this study suggest a need for a higher dose of folate supplement in heavier childbearing age women.
Acoustic emission monitoring of CFRP cables for cable-stayed bridges

The advantages of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composite include excellent corrosion resistance, high specific strength and stiffness, as well as outstanding fatigue behavior. The University of California San Diego's I- 5/Gilman Advanced Technology Bridge Project will help demonstrating the use of such materials in civil infrastructures. This paper presents an acoustic emission (AE) study performed during laboratory proof tests of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer stay-cables of possible use in the I-5/Gilman bridge. Three types of cables, both braided and single strand, were tested to failure at lengths ranging from 5500 mm to 5870 mm. AE allowed to monitor damage initiation and progression in the test pieces more accurately than the conventional load versus displacement curve. All of the cables exhibited acoustic activities revealing some degree of damage well before reaching final collapse, which is expected in FRP's. It was also shown that such cables are excellent acoustic waveguides exhibiting very low acoustic attenuation, which makes them an ideal application for an AE-based health monitoring approach.
A 1010 RATE ENHANCEMENT OF PHOSPHODIESTER HYDROLYSIS BY A DINUCLEAR AMINOPEPTIDASE : TRANSITION-STATE ANALOGUES AS SUBSTRATES?

Streptomyces dizinc aminopeptidase (sAP) shows a specific activity of 33.7 nmol min(-1) mg(-1) toward the hydrolysis of the transition-state analogue bis-p-nitrophenylphosphate with a rate constant of k(cat)/K(m)=100 M(-1) s(-1) and a first-order rate enhancement of about 10(10), which is much superior to several Zn chemical models and comparable to some phosphodiesterases. This study suggests that sAP can serve as a novel dinuclear model system to provide further insight into dinuclear hydrolysis.
Landscape evolution space and the relative importance of geomorphic processes and controls

Abstract The concept of landscape evolution space (LES) is introduced as a tool for assessing landscapes and geomorphic systems, intended to be a systematic means for assessing the various factors that contribute to the potential for change in geomorphic systems. The LES conceptual model is based on the energy and mass available to drive and accommodate landscape evolution. An n -dimensional landscape evolution space is defined not only by spatial coordinates, but also by the availability of mass and energy. The LES is thus a space or hypervolume representing the resources available for geomorphic evolution and landscape change. An expression for LES is derived based on elevation, material density, surface area, and inputs of solar, meteoric, and biological energy and mass. Though primarily an heuristic device, the LES model can be used to address concrete problems. Two examples are given. In one, increased surface area due to topographic roughening and dissection of an incised plateau is found to only slightly offset erosional removals of mass in terms of the magnitude of the LES. In the other, sensitivity of coastal plain rivers to several impacts of sea level and climate change is explored. The LES model also leads to the concept of a geomorphological niche, representing the resources available to drive or support a specific process or suite of processes. Considerations of landscape evolution have traditionally focused on the interplay of endogenic vs. exogenic processes, uplift vs. denudation, or soil formation vs. erosion. The LES model explicitly broadens the conceptual framework of landscape evolution beyond the traditional dialectics.
Pleistocene glaciation of ohio, U.S.A.

Abstract Millennial-scale oscillations of late Wisconsinan ice front are responsible for the bulk of Pleistocene sediments in Ohio. Illinoian deposits crop out in a narrow band or in deeply dissected valleys in eastern and central Ohio, whereas extensive Illinoian sediments occur in southwestern Ohio where pre-Illinoian deposits are also exposed.
Remarks on Model Classes Acting on One Another

An abstract notion of action of structures on one another was established by Marcev [2]: Let L and M be two first order languages having only the logical constants in common. Let R be a relational symbol not in LuM, and F a set of sentences in L u M u { R } (which is a two-sorted first order language). Then a s t ructure /~ for L is said to act on a structure 313 for M (in the sense of F) iff the disjoint union & o ] 3 constitutes a model of F under a suitable interpretation of R, where the range of the variables of L is g~_ and the range of the variables of M is Examples abound; we mention only a few: (i) L e t / k be a commutative ring with identity, ]3 an abelian group, and let R stand for unitary scalar multiplication, whose axioms constitute F. (ii) Let & be a group,]3 arbitrary, and let R stand for injective representation in the automorphism group of ]3 (cf. Rabin [3]). (iii) Let & be a lattice, ]3 arbitrary, and let F describe the embeddability of A into the lattice of all substructures (or congruence relations) of (iv) Let & be a field, ]3 an ordered abelian group, and let R stand for nontrivial valuation, whose axioms make up F. If 9.1 is a class of structures for L and ~5 a class of structures for M, let 9JF~B denote the class of all structures in 92 that act on at least one structure in ~ . Then we have the following theorem:
Stimulus interactions in release of superoxide anion (O2-) from human neutrophils. Further evidence for multiple pathways of activation.

A wide variety of agents stimulate superoxide anion (O2−) release from human neutrophils. To determine whether the same or different cellular pathways are utilized, neutrophils were stimulated to release O2− with combinations of f-Met-LeuPhe (FMLP) (10−7 M), C5a (25 nM), Con A (100 μg/ml), arachidonic acid (100 μM), and PMA (1 μg/ml). These concentrations produced maximal O2− production when used alone. A synergistic response was observed when Con A was used in combination with FMLP or C5a. This response was twice the expected release in cytochalasin B-treated cells and three to five times the expected release in untreated cells. Additional studies showed that synergism was dependent upon the simultaneous presence of both agents. Additive O2− responses were observed when either FMLP, Con A, or C5a was tested in combination with arachidonic acid and when FMLP and C5a were tested together. When PMA was tested with C5a, FMLP, or Con A, a nonadditive O2− response resulted, whereas mixtures of PMA and arachidonic acid resulted in a less than additive response. These contrasting results using different soluble stimuli in combination suggest that multiple pathways exist for the stimulation of neutrophil O2− release, with some stimuli being totally independent of each other (possibly activating separate pools of oxidase), while other stimuli show cooperative effects on oxidase activation.
September 11 and Its Aftermath

The four hijackings on 11 September 2001 (hereafter, 9/11) represented a watershed transnational terrorist event for many reasons. First, the consequences of the event in terms of casualties far surpassed any previous terrorist attack. Nearly 3,000 people died on 9/11, whereas fewer than 500 died in the deadliest terrorist event prior to it. Second, the financial losses and repercussions of 9/11 were far greater than any previous terrorist incident or insured natural disaster (Kunreuther and Michel-Kerjan 2004). For 9/11, these direct and indirect costs are estimated to have been between $80 and $90 billion. Third, the hijackings on 9/11 made the global community more aware of the potential threat posed by modern-day transnational terrorism, for which high casualty counts are an objective. Fourth, 9/11 locked rich countries into a large and growing outlay on defensive measures that could increase further. US spending on the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) is $40 billion for fiscal year 2005, of which 61 percent goes to homeland security (DHS 2004; Enders and Sandler forthcoming). The US budget for DHS is growing at 10 percent per year and does not include spending on intelligence or proactive operations (for example, the war in Afghanistan). Fifth, 9/11 demonstrated to the global community that catastrophic damage could stem from conventional means—that is, the crash of a fuel-laden commercial aircraft. The bomb attacks on the commuter trains in Madrid further underscored that horrific consequences can follow from conventional bombs planted where casualty counts will be high. Sixth, 9/11 set the bar for future terrorist attacks as terrorists escalate carnage to capture and maintain media and public attention. To outdo the newsworthiness and shock value of 9/11, terrorists must resort to an even larger conventional attack or weapons of mass destruction (WMDs), most likely chemical or radiological in nature. …
Colorectal adenocarcinoma involving the prostate: report of 9 cases

Summary We present 9 consult cases, the largest series to date, of colorectal adenocarcinoma involving the prostate. Mean age of patients at diagnosis was 61 years (range, 42-78 years). Six cases were initially diagnosed on needle biopsy and the others by transurethral resection. Three cases were diagnosed before biopsy of the colon, which led to the discovery of a primary colonic tumor. The mean interval between the detection of the primary colonic tumor and prostatic involvement in the other 6 cases was 30 months (range, 1-52 months). At diagnosis, the stages of colorectal carcinomas were pT1 (n = 2), pT2 (n = 2), pT3 (n = 2), and pT4 (n = 3). Two cases involved the prostate after the recurrence of rectal adenocarcinoma at the anastomotic site of the previous colonic resection. In most cases, the tumors were typical moderately differentiated with occasional poorly differentiated foci. Other histologic features included desmoplastic stromal reaction (100%, n=9), necrosis (77.8%, n=7), chronic inflammatory response (77.8%, n=7), cribriform pattern (66.7%, n=6), villous architecture (22.2%, n=2), mucin production (22.2%, n=2), signet-ring cells (11.1%, n=1), and perineural invasion (11.1%, n=1). Immunohistochemical stains were positive for β -catenin in 6 of 6 cases, CDX2 in 6 of 6 cases, carcinoembryonic antigen in 7 of 7 cases, CK20 in 5 of 6 cases, high-molecular-weight cytokeratin in 5 of 6 cases, and α -methylacyl-CoA racemase in 3 of 6 cases. Stains were negative in all cases for prostate-specific antigen, P501S (prostein), and CK7. Six patients (66.7%) died of disease within an average of 34 months (range, 8-88 months) after diagnosis of prostatic involvement. There are critical therapeutic and prognostic implications for distinguishing between prostatic adenocarcinoma and colorectal carcinoma involving the prostate. Colorectal adenocarcinoma should be considered on prostate sampling when carcinoma exhibits either "dirty" necrosis, tall columnar epithelium with mucin production, mucin-positive signet-ring cells, villous architecture, or associated inflammation. Immunohistochemical stains for β -catenin, CDX2, carcinoembryonic antigen, high-molecular-weight cytokeratin, prostate-specific antigen, P501S (prostein), CK20, and CK7 can be helpful in making a definitive diagnosis.
Obscuration and the various kinds of Seyfert galaxies

Two samples of Seyfert galaxies are used to investigate the classification of these galaxies. A complete X-ray selected sample of 16 active spirals is defined and the luminosities and axial ratio of the parent galaxy are given. The data suggest strongly that obscuration occurs in the broad emission line region, which has a flattened configuration parallel to that of the parent galaxy, and that obscuration is more likely for low luminosity objects. A larger, heterogeneous sample of 69 active galaxies is also considered. As many values as possible were collected for the soft and hard X-ray luminosities (HX), the luminosities at four other wavelengths, and the IR spectral index alpha. It is found that HX is the key parameter. There is direct evidence that the covering factor is a function of HX. Various IR correlations further suggest that the fraction of the luminosity radiated by dust grains is a smooth function of HX.
Measuring mortgage deficiency and its determinants

This paper examines alternative measures of mortgage deficiency, and suggests that an acceptable index should take account of variations in effective demand among neighborhoods. The proposed index includes income (or, if unavailable, house value), number of households and owner occupancy rates as its main components, and these variables are shown to be significant determinants of inter-census-tract variations in dollars loaned in Los Angeles. When the mortgage deficiency index incorporates variations in effective demand, race has no influence on mortgage deficiency. However, visual measures of neighborhood and dwelling quality remain important determinants of mortgage lending.
Further investigation of racial/ethnic differences and of familial resemblances in flushing in response to alcohol

Data were presented in a previous paper having to do with ethnic, sex, and generational differences in the flushing response to alcohol, the number of drinks required to evoke flushing, and family resemblances in flushing. Using a much largerN (1288 subjects; 245 families), the present report is of the same analyses, as well as analyses pertaining to the extent and duration of flushing, association of flushing with other symptoms, and degree to which flushing influenced drinking behavior. As in the previous paper, a distinction was made between fast (one drink or less to evoke flushing) and slow (two drinks or more to evoke flushing) flushing. Substantial ethnic differences were found in flushing. Highly significant family resemblances in flushing were also found, but these did not conform to a single-locus genetic model. Extent of flushing was significantly related to flushing type-fast vs. slow-but duration of flushing was not, nor were most other symptoms resulting from alcohol use. Fast vs. slow flushing may or may not involve differing genetic mechanisms (probably not, on the basis of data acquired and analyzed to date). However, the two flushing types appear to have different amounts of influence on drinking behavior. Regardless of flushing type, a substantial proportion of flushers does not eschew alcohol because of flushing or cease to drink once flushing occurs.
Engagement in Child Protective Services: The Role of Substance Abuse, Intimate Partner Violence and Race

Effectively engaging parents has been a continuing challenge for child protection workers. A lack of engagement can lead to significant negative consequences for families. This preliminary study explored the ability of family factors (e.g.; legal involvement, history with child protective services, substance abuse, child placement, intimate partner violence, identifying as Black, Latino or biracial) to predict parent engagement with child welfare services. A four dimensional measure of engagement with child protective services (Yatchmenoff, Res Soc Work Pract 15(2):84–96, 2005) was used which included receptivity, buy-in, working relationship and mistrust. The variables of parental substance abuse, intimate partner violence and identifying as Black, Latino or biracial were significant predictors of all four dimensions of engagement although each dimension was predicted by a unique combination of these factors. Substance abuse positively predicted engagement while intimate partner violence and identifying as Black, Latino or biracial negatively predicted engagement. The implications of these findings for child protection practice are described. Recommendations are made for future research.
Heinz Kohut: The Making of a Psychoanalyst

Kohut was certainly a seminal thinker in psychoanalysis and the founder of a major orientation or movement, especially in the US, that has developed world wide, including Germany and Australia. Although his ideas parallel British object relations theorists such as Winnicott, a number of the concepts of his ‘psychology of the self are separate developments (e.g., selfobject, his emphasis on empathy, narcissism and forms of transference). Douglas Kirsner Faculty of Arts, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood Victoria 3125
Detection of Nitrous Acid by Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy

Nitrous acid (HONO) plays an important role in the formation of hydroxyl radical and the nitrogen cycle in atmospheric chemistry. Cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) has been utilized for detectio...
Effects of phase-cancellation on scattering measurements

Piezoelectric transducers are sensitive to the phase of the incident pressure. When measuring the transmission properties of inhomogeneous materials which distort the shape of the wave front, a substantive error results if a phase-sensitive transducer is used as a receiver due to the phase-cancellation effect. This artifact has been found also to exist for reflected and scattered waves. A computer model has been used to quantify the influence of this artifact on backscattered waves by examining the average pressure received by a phase-sensitive transducer for point, linear, rectangular, and random arrays and random volume distributions of scatterers as a function of transducer diameter, the distance between the transducer and the scatterers, and the number of scatterers, at several frequencies.
Excessive Long-Time Deflections of Prestressed Box Girders. II: Numerical Analysis and Lessons Learned

As a sequel to Part I, which clarified the causes of the unexpectedly large deflections of the Koror-Babeldaob Bridge in the Pacific island nation of Palau, Part II presents the numerical procedure and reviews the lessons learned. The box girder represents a thick shell that is discretized by eight-node, three-dimensional (3D) finite elements. Except for corrections due to cracking, concrete creep is assumed to follow aging linear viscoelasticity and is modeled by a rate-type law based on the Kelvin chain, the properties of which are adjusted for humidity conditions and temperature. In each time step and at each integration point, Widder’s formula is used to convert the aging compliance function to a continuous retardation spectrum for the current age of concrete, and discretization of the spectrum yields the current elastic moduli of the Kelvin units. The shrinkage strains depend on the environmental humidity and the thickness of each plate in the cross section. The computations proceed according to Bazant’s exponential algorithm, which is unconditionally stable and reduces the problem to a sequence of elasticity problems with an orthotropic effective stiffness of material and nonisotropic inelastic strains, different for each integration point in each time step. These problems are solved by commercial software ABAQUS. The segmental construction sequence is also modeled. The computer results reported in Part I explain the excessive deflections and compare the performance of various material models for creep and shrinkage. Part II formulates the lessons learned and makes recommendations for implementation.
Physical mapping of the att-N region of coliphage lambda: Apparent oversaturation of coding capacity in the gam-ral segment

Summary Employing a series of λbio deletion mutants, the genes int, xis, Ea22, exo, bet, gam, kil, cIII, Ea10, ral and N and their known protein products have been ordered in respect to the physical map of λ, as constructed by electron microscopy of heteroduplexes between the λbio's and λattR-attL's (λatt2imm21 or λatt2imm434). Throughout most of this region the coding capacity is about saturated, as based on the known sizes of the λ proteins and the positions of the genetic and physical endpoints of the bio deletions. One baffling exception is the gam-kil-cIII segment, which cannot accommodate all three of the corresponding proteins. The second exception is the region between genes ral and N, which could code for a protein about 25,000 daltons, but for which no proteins have been identified. The space available for gene N suggests that its product must be a protein of no more than 15,000 daltons in size. Physical mapping of the bio386 deletion has established that proteins Ea42(int), Ea32(xis ?) and Ea22 are encoded in that order.
Reactions of alpha amylases with starch granules in aqueous suspension giving products in solution and in a minimum amount of water giving products inside the granule.

Porcine pancreatic alpha amylase (PPA) and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens alpha amylase (BAA) were allowed to react with starch granules from maize, waxy maize, amylomaize-7, and potato in an aqueous suspension with a starch to water ratio of 1:10 and in a minimum of water with a starch to water ratio of 1:1. Quantitative amounts of the maltodextrin products were determined by TLC and scanning densitometry. The two alpha amylases gave different products that were characteristic of their unique action patterns. The percent conversion differed for the different kinds of starches and for the two kinds of reaction conditions. Maize and waxy maize starches were converted into about twice as much maltodextrins than were amylomaize-7 and potato starches by both enzymes and under both reaction conditions. The aqueous suspension gave much greater conversion into maltodextrins than did the minimum water condition. BAA gave 3–14% greater conversion of the granules into maltodextrins than did PPA, with the exception of potato starch.
Personality traits and handwriting characters: male and female college students

Abstract The interaction between personality and handwriting has had a long, checkered history. This research was conducted to determine the practicality of using handwriting characters to predict normal personality traits. Fifteen highly reliable handwriting characters were measured in handwritings of 244 college students. The Personality Research Form-E measuring 22 normal traits was administered to each students. Stepwise regression showed different patterns of association between personality traits and handwriting characters within each sex. All 15 handwriting characters were predictive of one or more personality traits. Females' handwriting predicted Play and Desirability. Male's handwritings predicted 12 personality traits.
Nonequilibrium phonon dynamics and electron distribution functions in InP and InAs

We have used subpicosecond laser pulses to study the generation of nonequilibrium LO phonons in both InP and InAs. These two semiconductors provide a contrast in that the decaying of the Raman signal probes different relaxation mechanisms. In InP, for example, we find that the decay of the Raman signal is dominated by the lifetime of the LO phonons. On the contrary, in InAs, our studies show that the decay of the Raman signal is governed by the time required for electrons to return to the \ensuremath{\Gamma} valley from the L valleys of the conduction bands. In addition, nonequilibrium electron distributions were also studied in InP and InAs. We have found that the single-particle-scattering spectrum in InAs can only be observed with the use of a much longer laser pulse width than subpicosecond as a result of electron intervalley scattering and very small electron effective mass. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Single-center clinical comparison of two reinforced ureteral access sheaths for retrograde ureteroscopic treatment of urinary lithiasis.

Background Ureteral access sheaths (UAS) are used to facilitate ureteroscopic procedures. Difficulties in use, including sheath distortion, buckling, and difficulty in placement, have been reported. However, few clinical comparisons have been performed. We present the first large-scale comparison of the Applied ForteXE® and ACMI-Gyrus Uropass® UAS.
Weighted means and oscillation conditions for second order matrix differential equations

On considere le systeme d'equations differentielles d'ordre 2 [P(t)y'(t)]'+Q(t)y(t)=0 pour t∈[0,∞), ou P et Q sont des matrices symetriques n×n reelles sur [0,∞) et y un vecteur colonne. On suppose que P(t) est definie positive pour tout t tel que P(t) −1 . On donne des conditions d'oscillations
The effect of corpus callosum lesions on unilateral neglect in monkeys

The cerebral hemispheres may be mutually inhibitory. An injured hemisphere may continue to be inhibited while the uninjured hemisphere is released from inhibition, inducing attentional bias. Patients with neglect might therefore benefit from transection of the corpus callosum. To test this hypothesis, we ablated the frontal arcuate gyrus alone or several months after corpus callosum transection in monkeys. Neglect was significantly worse in animals with a corpus callosum transection. Therefore, the hemispheres may be mutually excitatory or compensatory, and a callosal transection would not be therapeutic. Because the rate of recovery in the two groups was not different, recovery seemed to be an intrahemispheric phenomenon.
Radiations of Uranium Y

The radioactivity of UY (${\mathrm{Th}}_{231}$) has been re-investigated. Samples were prepared by growth from ${\mathrm{U}}_{235}$ largely freed of ${\mathrm{U}}_{238}$, and absorption, decay, and coincidence experiments were run. The presence of the 210-kev beta-ray was re-confirmed, and a 35-kev gamma-ray 82 percent converted in the $L$ shell was discovered. The half-life of UY was determined as 25.5 hours.
Dutch Disease, government policy and import demand in Nigeria

The effects of sectoral changes and government policies on import demand in Nigeria are examined, in the context of the oil shocks of the 1970s and 1980s. A two-equation model is estimated to determine real import demand and the real exchange rate. The results show that import demand increased significantly in response to the boom-induced squeeze on the agricultural sector. Furthermore, by inducing and sustaining real exchange rate overvaluation, expansionary government policies contributed to higher import demand, even after the collapse in oil prices.
On the mechanism of blocking in a stratified fluid

The steady, two-dimensional motion which can occur when a body moves horizontally at large Richardson number is examined. Theoretical evidence is presented for two propositions: (i) The nature of the motion depends on whether the vertical thickness of the body is large compared with an intrinsic length scale of the motion. (ii) If the body is sufficiently thick, then diffusion or heat conduction are important, even if the Schmidt or Prandtl number is large. The notion of ‘near-similar’ solutions (§4) is used to obtain a description of the motion past a thick body which is likely to approximate the real motion everywhere except fairly close to the body surface (§5). It predicts a very long wake, at the core of which is a blocking column, both fore and aft of the body (§5). The same prediction is implied for the two-dimensional Taylor column in a rotating system (§6).
Characterization of EntF as a serine‐activating enzyme

EntF is the enzyme responsible for serine activation during the biosynthesis of enterobactin (a cyclic trimer of N-dihydroxybenzoyl serine) in Escherichia coli. EntF has been overexpressed and purified to > 90% homogeneity. The enzyme has been shown to complement the entF- MK1 strain in the synthesis of 2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl serine derivatives and exhibits L-serine-dependent ATP[32P] pyrophosphate exchange activity with a Km for serine of 260 mM and a turnover number of 760 min-1. Release of PPi during incubation of EntF with serine and ATP was observed, but with a low turnover number of 1.0 min-1. These results suggested the presence of an enzyme-bound intermediate, which has been shown by gel filtration analysis to be (L-serine)adenylate.
KINETICS OF AQUEOUS OXIDATION OF TANTALUM FROM CHRONOPOTENTIOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS

Abstract Theoretical mechanisms and growth laws for the initial oxidation of metals are briefly reviewed. The oxidation of tantalum was studied chronopotentiometrically at temperatures between 0°C and 40°C in an oxygen-free electrolyte. The probable rate-determining steps for the two different growth laws observed are deduced by comparison of the time dependence of the experimentally determined local oxidation current to theoretical local-current/time functions derived from assumed growth laws. Tantalum oxidizes initially according to a direct logarithmic law, the slow step being tunnelling of electrons through the oxide film. At 40°C a transition from a direct logarithmic to a parabolic growth law is observed. The interpretation is that the diffusion of electrons which have been injected thermionically into the oxide film becomes rate-determining at film thicknesses for which current due to electron tunnelling becomes negligible.
Slurry-producing agents provide buoyancy and allow growth of plant suspension cells in stationary culture

Suspension cultures of carrot, soybean, tobacco, Black Mexican sweet corn, and photoautotrophic soybean have been successfully grown in stationary slurry culture. Cell colonies grew loosely and slowly in clumps which were easily dispersable, increasing in size only 4–5 fold by 48 days, which facilitated subculture.
Accurate Information and Reliable Statistics: Utilizing Microsoft SharePoint to Resolve Data Collection in an Academic Library

ABSTRACTThe Borough of Manhattan Community College Library is using Microsoft SharePoint as an all-encompassing intranet to streamline library operations, maintain quality, and enhance decision-making by organizing, sharing, and managing information. Digitization of collection data was deemed necessary to increase data speed and accuracy, and improve harmony between library departments. The new collection management plan is a good fit because it uses SharePoint's workflow capacity to insure an easy transition from paper-based methods and prevents fear of disruption and non-compliance.
Biodegradation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) under sulfate and nitrate reducing conditions

Anaerobic degradation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) was studied under sulfate- and nitrate-reducing conditions using enrichment cultures developed from a TNT-contaminated soil from the Louisiana Army Ammunition Plant (LAAP) in Minden, Louisiana, USA. The soil samples were enriched using mineral salt media with either nitrate or sulfate as electron acceptors in the presence of TNT under strict anaerobic conditions. The enriched samples were experimented with TNT as either the sole source of carbon or nitrogen and also under co-metabolic conditions with molasses as co-substrate. The results revealed that TNT was removed under both electron acceptor conditions. However, the TNT degradation efficiency was significantly higher under sulfate-reducing conditions than the nitrate-reducing conditions. Under sulfate-reducing conditions, TNT removal was faster when molasses was used as co-substrate. The metabolic analysis showed that TNT was mineralized and the major end product was acetic acid, CO2, and ammonia. A soil slurry reactor with TNT-contaminated soil showed more than 90% of TNT removal within 60 days of incubation.
Reliability and concurrent validity of light's retention scale

Light's Retention Scale was completed for 123 candidates to repeat the first grade. These same first-grade children were tested with a number of measures of maturity, including achievement tests, measures of intellectual functioning, visual-motor integration, self-concept, and physical maturity. Results indicated that Light's total score is not sufficiently reliable and has little concurrent validity for making retention decisions. The total score should never be used.
Nuclear transplantation as a method for cloning embryos.

Historical PerspectiveThe concept of transferring nuclei from multicell stage embryos to enucleated oocytes was first proposed by Spemann in 1938 (1). Spemann was a developmental biologist whose concern at the time was that of nuclear equivalence. The idea of the basic composition of the nuclei changing during early embryo development gave rise to the theory that nuclei from different tissues were not equal. To answer this question, Spemann proposed an experiment to transfer nuclei from progressively more advanced embryos to enucleated, activated oocytes. The conclusion of the experiment would be determined when inequivalence was achieved and the transferred nucleus would not support development to a mature adult. Results from Spemann's experiment were first reported in 1952 by Briggs and King (2) in the amphibian Rana pipiens. They (2) showed that nuclei from preblastula stage embryos could promote development to the blastula stage. In addition, they alluded to the observation that nuclei from beyond the...
Electric quadrupole moments and electron affinities of atoms from H to Cl: a coupled-cluster study

Abstract Electric quadrupole moments and electron affinities of ground-state atoms from H to Cl are computed at the infinite-order coupled-cluster method with the noniterative (CCSD(T)) and iterative (CCSDT) inclusion of all single, double, and triple excitations, respectively. Generally, there exists some correlation between the magnitudes of quadrupole moments and electron affinities ( A ) of the atoms. The highest level of our calculations delivers an accuracy in the computed A values compared to experimental data not worse than 0.03 eV.
Primary Care: Mental and Behavioral Health and Persons with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities

In this paper, we do not argue for a particular approach or set of approaches,but instead review the beneﬁts of integrating mental and behavioral health supports withprimary healthcare based primarily on our experience in and understanding of healthcaresystems in the United States. It is estimated that between 35 and 40% of people with IDDalso live with psychiatric disorders. NADD, an association for persons with developmentaldisabilities and mental health needs in the US holds that coexisting IDD and a psychiatricdisorder interferes with a person’s education and job readiness, and disrupts family andpeer relationships. Historically, the presence of such disorders among people with IDDwas not well understood or was discounted altogether.
Study of intrinsic stress in hydrogenated amorphous silicon PECVD films with cyclohexasilane (CHS) as a precursor

PECVD remains one of the main a-Si:H thin films deposition techniques for photovoltaic applications. Recently it was reported that the electronic grade a-Si:H films can be obtained via PECVD of cyclohexasilane (CHS) as a precursor. It was found that PECVD fabricated a-Si:H films experience an internal stress, which may significantly affect the photocurrent degradation and cause delamination of the multilayer structure from the substrate. To elucidate the origin of stress in CHS-made a-Si:H films we have studied the stress variations depending on process pressure, discharge power, and hydrogen dilution. These results were correlated with the film hydrogen content, figure of merit and photo-response.
Food challenge procedures: standardization of oral challenge and pulmonary measurements

The lung is one of many target organs that can be affected in an adverse reaction to a food or food additive. The question of pulmonary involve ment is often in the context of patients who have underlying asthma, a disease of the airways characterized by reversible airways narrowing. A number of unique problems must be addressed when attempting to measure pulmonary responses during adverse reactions. Prior to the study, it is necessary to determine if the subject has asthma and if so, to quantitate the severity of asthma. This can be accomplished by assessing pulmonary function, measuring airways reactivity, documenting medication requirements, recording duration of disease, and detailing complications. Procedures that may result in pulmonary reactions should be performed only where severe reactions can be optimally treated such as in the hospital or an office near a hospital. Medical personnel must have proper training in, and equipment for, resuscitation. Medications should be withheld when possible that may effect the ability to measure pulmonary responses. Specific endpoint criteria of a positive response should be set in advance of testing. Double-blind placebo controlled food challenge is the experimental protocol of choice. Responses to specific foods or additives can be assessed both by measuring changes in pulmonary function and by repeated methacholine challenge to assess airways reactivity. With proper definition of the question, use of appropriate experimental design, exercise of caution, application of appropriate analytic methods, and the presentation of a clear and thorough report, adverse reactions to foods and additives involving pulmonary responses may be assessed with safety and scientific accuracy.
Distribution of energy levels of quantum free particle on the Liouville surface and trace formulae

We consider the Weyl asymptotic formula $$\# \left\{ {E_n \leqq R^2 } \right\} = \frac{{Area Q}}{{4\pi }}R^2 + n(R),$$ for eigenvalues of the Laplace-Beltrami operator on a two-dimensional torusQ with a Liouville metric which is in a sense the most general case of an integrable metric. We prove that if the surfaceQ is non-degenerate then the remainder termn(R) has the formn(R)=R1/2θ(R), where θ(R) is an almost periodic function of the Besicovitch classB1, and the Fourier amplitudes and the Fourier frequencies of θ(R) can be expressed via lengths of closed geodesics onQ and other simple geometric characteristics of these geodesics. We prove then that if the surfaceQ is generic then the limit distribution of θ(R) has a densityp(t), which is an entire function oft possessing an asymptotics on a real line, logp(t)≈−C±t4 ast→±∞. An explicit expression for the Fourier transform ofp(t) via Fourier amplitudes of θ(R) is also given. We obtain the analogue of the Guillemin-Duistermaat trace formula for the Liouville surfaces and discuss its accuracy.
Moving Toward Teamwork Through Professional Development Activities

This qualitative study of three Head Start Centers analyzed surveys, interviews, and focus group data to determine how education coordinators, teachers, and teacher assistants believed professional development activities could support teamwork at their centers. The researchers sorted data related to teamwork into four categories: knowledge and understanding of teachers’ trajectories, how teachers referred to one another, frequency and quality of communication, and evidence of shared philosophy. A climate of trust, respect, open communication and clear organization emerged as important for the risk taking necessary for teachers to learn together. This climate depended on leadership that was willing to take on challenges, innovate, and make room for teacher autonomy. Teamwork thrived in a program that purposely built relationships among staff through opportunities for communication, the development of a shared philosophy, and the possibility of being known and feeling known by colleagues and supervisors. When administrators solicited and used teachers’ feedback about professional development, the teachers felt themselves a valued part of the teaching community.