cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Warming Stimulates Iron-Mediated Carbon and Nutrient Cycling in Mineral-Poor Peatlands

Iron (Fe) plays a key role in elemental cycling at terrestrial–aquatic interfaces by stabilizing carbon (C), phosphorus (P), and nutrient cations through physicochemical associations and by potentially releasing these elements following the reduction of Fe(III) to Fe(II). However, the ecosystem-scale importance of Fe redox cycling and its responses to climate change remain unclear in precipitation-fed peatlands (bogs), C-rich wetlands with very low mineral content. We tested impacts of Fe redox cycling on C and nutrient release in two bogs in northern Minnesota and in Spruce and Peatland Responses Under Changing Environments (SPRUCE), an ecosystem-scale warming experiment. Concentrations of Fe(III) declined from the peat surface to 50 cm depth (31 to 0.5 µmol g−1) and co-occurred with Fe(II) (10 to 30 µmol g−1). Chemical reduction of Fe(III) released C and P from variably saturated (0–30 cm) peat (106–1006 µmol C g−1; 0.6–5 µmol P g−1), and Fe-bound C was similar to previous measurements from upland mineral soils. Concentrations of Fe(II) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) were strongly (R2 = 0.56–0.78) and positively correlated in water samples measured at SPRUCE enclosure outlets and ambient near-surface porewater. Concentrations of Fe(II) also correlated positively with P at warmer SPRUCE temperature treatments and increased with experimental warming, but stabilized at the highest temperature treatments as water depth declined. Although bogs have low total mineral content, mass balance measurements indicated that atmospheric deposition could in principle sustain significant Fe cycling and hydrologic losses in these ecosystems. Overall, Fe redox cycling significantly impacted C and nutrient dynamics in these mineral-poor bogs, contributing to strong correlations between Fe(II) and DOC in water samples. Increased Fe(III) reduction with warmer temperatures will likely promote peatland C and nutrient release, impacting ecosystem C budgets both directly and indirectly by enhancing decomposition and productivity.
Assessing the application of human-centered design to translational research

Introduction: Human-centered design (HCD) training offers the potential to improve both team processes and products. However, the use of HCD to improve the quality of team science is a relatively recent application, and its benefits and challenges have not been rigorously evaluated. We conducted a qualitative study with health sciences researchers trained in HCD methods. We aimed to determine how researchers applied HCD methods and perceived the benefits and barriers to using HCD on research teams. Methods: We conducted 1-hour, semi-structured interviews with trainees from three training cohorts. Interviews focused on perceptions of the training, subsequent uses of HCD, barriers and facilitators, and perceptions of the utility of HCD to science teams. Data analysis was conducted using Braun and Clarke’s process for thematic analysis. Results: We interviewed nine faculty and nine staff trained in HCD methods and identified four themes encompassing HCD use, benefits, challenges, and tensions between HCD approaches and academic culture. Conclusions: Trainees found HCD relevant to research teams for stakeholder engagement, research design, project planning, meeting facilitation, and team management. They also described benefits of HCD in five distinct areas: creativity, egalitarianism, structure, efficiency, and visibility. Our data suggest that HCD has the potential to help researchers work more inclusively and collaboratively on interdisciplinary teams and generate more innovative and impactful science. The application of HCD methods is not without challenges; however, we believe these challenges can be overcome with institutional investment.
Jewish Values in Medical Decision-making for Unrepresented Patients: A Ritualized Approach

Determining appropriate care for patients who cannot speak for themselves is one of the most challenging issues in contemporary healthcare and medical decision-making. While there has been much discussion relating to patients who left some sort of instructions, such as an advance directive, or have someone to speak on their behalf, less has been written on caring for patients who have nobody at all available to speak for them. It is thus crucial to develop clear and rigorous guidelines to properly care for these patients. The Jewish tradition offers an important perspective on caring for unrepresented patients and determining approaches to guide care providers. This article develops an understanding of fundamental Jewish principles that can provide clear guidance in navigating this challenge. It applies those values to a specific set of suggested behaviors, one of which adds a novel ritualized component to what has been recommended by bioethicists in the past.
Chief Operating Officers and Real Earnings Management

Because Chief Operating Officers (COOs) are responsible for internal operations and because the use of real earnings management (REM) can have negative consequences on longterm operating performance, we posit that COO firms will be less likely to use REM to inflate near-term earnings. Consistent with this, we find that the level of REM is lower for firms with COOs in their list of named executive officers than for other firms. In subsequent tests, we investigate whether the use of REM varies based on whether COOs are dedicated operations officers or are likely to ascend to the Chief Executive Officer position. Using several approaches to classifying COOs as dedicated versus non-dedicated, we find that relative to firms with nondedicated COOs and firms without COOs, firms with dedicated COOs engage in less REM. Overall, our results suggest that the presence of a COO restricts the use of REM on average, and that this effect is driven by those COOs who are dedicated operations officers.
Comparison of experimental and numerical studies on the flow structures of hovering hawkmoths

Abstract This study presents an effort on comparing the wake flow structures of hovering insects between experimental visualization and computational simulation. The wake flow on a freely hovering hawkmoth was visualized and captured, utilizing a high-speed schlieren photography system with isopropyl alcohol brushed on the wing surfaces. Meanwhile, an Immersed Boundary Method (IBM) based computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation was carried out on a hovering hawkmoth to resolve the entire flow field. On each wing of the hovering hawkmoths, both the schlieren photography experiment and the CFD simulation captured and visualized very alike wake structures, consisting of a vortex loop structure in the down-stroke and tip/root vortices in the up-stroke. Furthermore, the experiment and simulation results are compared by measuring the sizes of the vortex structures. The agreement in flow structure formation and its size between the experiment and simulation suggests that the implemented IBM-based CFD simulation method is capable of simulating the actual flow phenomena on the hovering insect with valid flow structure details such as flow structure size. On the other hand, our study confirms the high-speed schlieren photography’s capability of capturing the wake flow structures formation, which is challenging to resolve with other methods.
Cholesterol-lowering Intervention Decreases mTOR Complex 2 Signaling and Enhances Antitumor Immunity.

Purpose There is a need for strategies to prevent prostate cancer. Cholesterol-lowering interventions are employed widely and safely to reduce risk of cardiovascular disease and has been proposed for chemoprevention. Using preclinical models and a window-of-opportunity clinical trial, we describe an adaptive antitumor immunity resulting from cholesterol lowering. Patients and methods Statins do not reliably lower serum cholesterol in mice. Therefore, oral ezetimibe was administered to mice to lower serum cholesterol to clinically relevant levels and evaluated the final adaptive immune response. T-lymphocytes-specific mTORC2 knockout mice were used to evaluate mTOR signaling and antitumor immunity. Pretreatment and posttreatment prostate tumors and lymphocytes were examined from a window-of-opportunity clinical trial where men with prostate cancer were treated with 2-6 weeks of aggressive cholesterol-lowering intervention prior to radical prostatectomy. Results Mice treated with oral ezetimibe exhibited enhanced antitumor immunity against syngeneic cancers in a CD8+ lymphocyte-dependent manner, produced immunity that was transferrable through lymphocytes, and had enhanced central CD8+ T cell memory. In mice and in patients undergoing prostatectomy, lowering serum cholesterol inhibited mTORC2 signaling in lymphocytes and increased infiltration of CD8+ lymphocytes into prostate tumors. T-lymphocyte-specific mTORC2 knockout mice demonstrated enhanced CD8+ lymphocyte function and antitumor capacity. In patients, cholesterol-lowering intervention prior to prostatectomy decreased the proliferation of normal prostate and low-grade adenocarcinomas. Conclusions Lowering serum cholesterol decreased signaling through mTORC2 and enhance antitumor CD8+ T cell memory. We provide a rationale for large-scale clinical testing of cholesterol lowering strategies for prostate cancer chemoprevention.
Concerted impacts of antiherbivore defenses and opportunistic Serratia pathogens on the fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda)

Insects frequently confront different microbial assemblages. Bacteria inhabiting an insect gut are often commensal, but some can become pathogenic when the insect is compromised from different stressors. Herbivores are often confronted by various forms of plant resistance, but how defenses generate opportunistic microbial infections from residents in the gut are not well understood. In this study, we evaluated the pathogenic tendencies of Serratia isolated from the digestive system of healthy fall armyworm larvae (Spodoptera frugiperda) and how it interfaces with plant defenses. We initially selected Serratia strains that varied in their direct expression of virulence factors. Inoculation of the different isolates into the fall armyworm body cavity indicated differing levels of pathogenicity, with some strains exhibiting no effects while others causing mortality 24 h after injection. Oral inoculations of pathogens on larvae provided artificial diets caused marginal (< 7%) mortality. However, when insects were provided different maize genotypes, mortality from Serratia increased and was higher on plants exhibiting elevated levels of herbivore resistance (< 50% mortality). Maize defenses facilitated an initial invasion of pathogenic Serratia into the larval hemocoel¸ which was capable of overcoming insect antimicrobial defenses. Tomato and soybean further indicated elevated mortality due to Serratia compared to artificial diets and differences between plant genotypes. Our results indicate plants can facilitate the incipient emergence of pathobionts within gut of fall armyworm. The ability of resident gut bacteria to switch from a commensal to pathogenic lifestyle has significant ramifications for the host and is likely a broader phenomenon in multitrophic interactions facilitated by plant defenses.
Artificial neural networks for power system static security assessment

An artificial neural network (ANN) is used to assess the static security of a test system. It is demonstrated that an ANN can be a useful tool for static security assessment of power systems. It is shown that ANNs perform significantly better than a nearest-neighbor search in terms of classification, recall time, and data storage requirements. The ANN, however, requires a great deal of time for offline training. This problem is compounded as the system size increases. Learning complexity theory can be used to better understand this scaling problem. Alterations which may lead to better performance include accelerated learning algorithms and the use of oracle-based learning. >
RF localization solution using heterogeneous TDOA

This paper presents a solution for the localization of an RF transmitter using time-difference-of-arrival (TDOA) measurements that do not share any common receiver location. Localization requires three independent TDOA measurements, and previous solutions have assumed that the three measurements all share a common receiver location. Relaxing this assumption is here referred to as heterogeneous TDOA. The approach presented formulates the TDOA measurements as a system of three quadratic equations for the transmitter position components, and solves these equations using the Macaulay resultant. The heterogeneous TDOAs allow for improved measurement geometry resulting in more accurate localization. The solution also allows for localization by two moving receivers, such as orbiting satellites, collecting TDOA measurements at three instants in time.
On the design of pre-equalized square-root raised cosine matched filters for DSP based digital receivers

A matched filter implemented in a DSP based modem is followed or preceded by additional analog filtering. The non-uniform gain and phase of these analog filters cause filter mismatch and leads to undesired intersymbol interference. This paper describes a technique to design digital matched filters which includes the spectral gain and phase compensation required to equalize the known characteristics of the analog filters in the transmitter and receiver paths. >
Centroid-moment tensor solutions for October–December 1995

Abstract Centroid-moment tensor solutions are presented for 219 earthquakes that occurred during the fourth quarter of 1995. The solutions are obtained using corrections for aspherical earth structure represented by a whole mantle shear velocity model SH8/U4L8 of Dziewonski and Woodward (1992). A new model of anelastic attenuation of Durek and Ekstrom (1996) is used to predict the decay of the waveforms.
Necropsy Examination of Fish

Necropsy examination of moribund or dead specimens is an essential step in diagnosing fish diseases. This article discusses basic anatomy and necropsy procedures. A large part of the article has been devoted to methods of procuring samples for laboratory analysis and histologic examination. To determine which findings are re_sponsible for the mortalities, the entire case history and gross necropsy findings must be reviewed. Careful observations made during the necropsy examination provide valuable information immediately, as well as later on in the interpretation oflaboratory data.
The 70 kDa S6 Kinase Complexes with and Is Activated by the Rho Family G Proteins Cdc42 and Rac1

Abstract The 70 kDa ribosomal S6 kinase (pp70 S6k ) plays an important role in the progression of cells through G1 phase of the cell cycle. However, little is known of the signaling molecules that mediate its activation. We demonstrate that Rho family G proteins regulate pp70 S6k activity in vivo. Activated alleles of Cdc42 and Rac1, but not RhoA, stimulate pp70 S6k activity in multiple cell types. Activation requires an intact effector domain and isoprenylation of Cdc42 and Rac1. Coexpression of Dbl, an exchange factor for Cdc42, also activates pp70 S6k . Growth factor–induced activation of pp70 S6k is abrogated by dominant negative alleles of Cdc42 and Rac1. In addition, Cdc42 and Rac1 form a GTP-dependent complex with the catalytically inactive form of pp70 S6k in vitro and in vivo, suggesting a mechanism by which these G proteins activate pp70 S6k .
Electron impact energy loss spectra of the 12B2 ← X̃2A1 1 transition in N02

Abstract Long vibrational progressions are observed in the electron impact energy loss spectrum of NO2 in the 1.5–4.1 eV energy loss range. These progressions can be assigned to the 12B2← X2A1 transition and suggest that the 12B2 state is asymmetric.
When and how to use buccal mucosal grafts in adult bulbar urethroplasty.

Abstract Objectives To evaluate the efficacy of buccal mucosa in the repair of adult urethral stricture disease, we report our experience with its use as a nontubularized onlay graft during bulbar urethral reconstruction. Methods From June 1993 to January 1996, 75 men underwent anterior urethral reconstruction for stricture disease. Single-stage urethroplasty with an onlay patch graft of buccal mucosa was performed in 13 patients with complex, refractory strictures of the bulbar urethra. In all cases, a two-team approach was used in which one team harvested the graft from the mouth while the perineal team simultaneously exposed and calibrated the stricture. Results The length of buccal mucosa ranged from 3.5 to 17 cm (average length 6.2). In 8 patients, other reconstructive techniques were used concomitantly, including fasciocutaneous penile flap or stricture excision and primary anastomosis, depending on the length and severity of the scarred area. Median follow-up time was 18 months. Excellent results were obtained in all 13 patients and none has required urethral dilation or instrumentation subsequently. Operative time was significantly less than with other forms of substitution urethroplasty. Conclusions Excellent results can be expected when buccal mucosa is used for urethral substitution in men with refractory bulbar strictures. For patients with long or dense strictures, buccal mucosal grafts may easily be combined with other reconstructive techniques. In patients with less complex stricture disease, the reduced operative time of this two-team approach may be beneficial.
Segmental uniparental isodisomy on 5q32-qter in a patient with childhood-onset schizophrenia

Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder affecting approximately 1% of the world's population. Although the aetiology of schizophrenia is complex and multifactorial, with estimated heritabilities as high as 80%, genetic factors are the most compelling. Childhood-onset schizophrenia (COS), defined as onset of schizophrenia before the age of 13 years, is a rare and malignant form of the illness that may have more salient genetic influence. The first known case of paternal segmental uniparental isodisomy (iUPD) on 5q32-qter in a patient with COS is described, which adds to the previously known high rates of chromosomal abnormalities reported in this sample. iUPD is a rare genetic condition in which the offspring receives two chromosomal homologues from one parent. Segmental UPD is defined as UPD on a portion of a chromosome with biparental inheritance seen in the rest of the homologous pair. Complications owing to this abnormality may arise from malfunctioning imprinted genes or homozygosity of recessive disease-causing mutations. This aberration became apparent during whole-genomic screening of a COS cohort and is of particular interest because 5q has been implicated in schizophrenia by several genomewide linkage studies and positive gene associations. This report, therefore, presents more evidence that schizophrenia susceptibility gene, or genes, may be found on distal 5q.
Experimental validation of deterministic Acuros XB algorithm for IMRT and VMAT dose calculations with the Radiological Physics Center's head and neck phantom

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to verify the dosimetric performance of Acuros XB (AXB), a grid-based Boltzmann solver, in intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT). Methods: The Radiological Physics Center (RPC) head and neck (H&N) phantom was used for all calculations and measurements in this study. Clinically equivalent IMRT and VMAT plans were created on the RPC H&N phantom in the Eclipse treatment planning system (version 10.0) by using RPC dose prescription specifications. The dose distributions were calculated with two different algorithms, AXB 11.0.03 and anisotropic analytical algorithm (AAA) 10.0.24. Two dose report modes of AXB were recorded: dose-to-medium in medium (Dm,m) and dose-to-water in medium (Dw,m). Each treatment plan was delivered to the RPC phantom three times for reproducibility by using a Varian Clinac iX linear accelerator. Absolute point dose and planar dose were measured with thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) and GafChromic® EBT2 film, respectively. Profile comparison and 2D gamma analysis were used to quantify the agreement between the film measurements and the calculated dose distributions from both AXB and AAA. The computation times for AAA and AXB were also evaluated. Results: Good agreement was observed between measured doses and those calculated with AAA or AXB. Both AAA and AXB calculated doses within 5% of TLD measurements in both the IMRT and VMAT plans. Results of AXB_Dm,m (0.1% to 3.6%) were slightly better than AAA (0.2% to 4.6%) or AXB_Dw,m (0.3% to 5.1%). The gamma analysis for both AAA and AXB met the RPC 7%/4 mm criteria (over 90% passed), whereas AXB_Dm,m met 5%/3 mm criteria in most cases. AAA was 2 to 3 times faster than AXB for IMRT, whereas AXB was 4–6 times faster than AAA for VMAT. Conclusions: AXB was found to be satisfactorily accurate when compared to measurements in the RPC H&N phantom. Compared with AAA, AXB results were equal to or better than those obtained with film measurements for IMRT and VMAT plans. The AXB_Dm,m reporting mode was found to be closer to TLD and film measurements than was the AXB_Dw,m mode. AXB calculation time was found to be significantly shorter (× 4) than AAA for VMAT.
Neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus Miles to go before we sleep

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a disease with a fluctuating course. Nervous system manifestations can occur at any time, even when no non–nervous system SLE activity is detected.1 To increase consistency in the classification of patients and standardize clinical reporting requirements in neuropsychiatric SLE (NPSLE) research, the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) established case definitions for 19 different neurologic, psychiatric, and cognitive NPSLE syndromes.2 Two articles in this issue of Neurology discuss important aspects of NPSLE. Using ACR case definitions, Afeltra et al. examined the relationship between NPSLE syndromes and antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL).3 Chau and Mok assessed factors predictive of corticosteroid-induced psychosis, a difficult clinical problem.4 Estimates of the prevalence of NPSLE have ranged from 14% to over 80%.5-7⇓⇓ All but the most recent studies are based on research conducted before the introduction of the ACR case definitions. Syndromes most commonly seen include cerebrovascular disease (prevalence 2 to 24%), total spectrum of headache (21 to 61%), total spectrum of mood disturbances (27 to 74%), psychosis (0 to 5%), and total range of cognitive disorders (52 to 80%). The majority of patients have more than …
Chemical, Textural and Sensory Characteristics of Precooked, Restructured Lamb Shoulder Roasts as Influenced by Grinding Method, Salt Level and Vacuum Massage Time

The influence of level of grind (kidney plate only vs kidney plate plus coarse grinding 25% of raw meat weight), salt level (0.5 vs 1.0%) and vacuum massage time (1.0 vs 1.5 hr) on the chemical, textural and sensory characteristics of precooked, restructured lamb shoulder roasts were studied. Grinding method of kidney plate only decreased the fat content of the cooked product, while the higher salt level (SL) resulted in roasts with higher moisture and lower protein. Calories were reduced by 5% when 1.0% SL roasts were vacuum-massaged for 1.5 vs 1.0 hr. Increasing level of grind and SL decreased cooking losses and increased objective chewiness. Flavor differences were detected by sensory analysis due to the addition of coarse ground trimmings to lean ground through a kidney plate only.
588 COLONY-FORMATING-CELL IN BONE MARROW AND PERITONEAL EXUDATE OF ISOGENIC CHIMERAS

Mouse peritoneal or pleural exudate induced by injection of various stimulants contain cells that are capable of clonal growth of macrophage colonies in vitro. However, cells obtained from unstimulated peritoneal or pleural cavities had none or very few such colony-forming cells (CFC). These peritoneal exudate CFC differ from that of bone marrow CFC by having a longer period before proliferation and producing only macrophage colonies. AKR mice were given a lethal dose of total body radiation (900 rads) and then received intravenously 5×106 nucleated marrow cells from unirradiated mice. Peritoneal exudate was induced by injection of 1.5 ml thioglycollate medium 3 days before collection of exudate. Repopulation of CFC from both bone marrow and peritoneal exudate was then assayed. Exponential growth of CFC in bone marrow was noted between 3-10 days and ther reached gradually to unirradiated levels in 5 weeks. The growth curve of these marrow CFC measured by this in vitro culture method is similar to that of CFC assayed by the in vivo spleen colony method. However, no measurable CFC in peritoneal exudate was noted in the first 7 days. The growth curve of peritoneal CFC is similar to that of marrow CFC after 2 weeks. A close relationship of CFC between bone marrow and peritoneal exudate seems to exist. However, the origin of these peritoneal exudate CFC either as “activated” peritoneal cells or migrated cells from bone marrow is still unclear.
Change in Health Status and Access to Care in Young Adults With Special Health Care Needs: Results From the 2007 National Survey of Adult Transition and Health

Abstract Background Despite over 500,000 adolescents with special health care needs transitioning to adulthood each year, limited information is available on their health status or their access to care after transition. Objective To describe the change in health status and access to care of a nationally sampled, longitudinal cohort of young adults with special health care needs (ASHCN). Methods We analyzed follow-up data collected in the 2007 Survey of Adult Transition and Health on young adults who were 14–17 years of age when their parents participated in the 2001 National Survey of Children with Special Health Care Needs. We describe changes in access to care and health status over time, and used logistic regression to identify characteristics that were associated with declining health status in this cohort. Results 1,865 participants, aged 19–23 years, completed the Survey of Adult Transition and Health. Between 2001 and 2007, there was a 3.6 fold increase in the proportion experiencing delayed or forgone care; 10% reported a decline in health status. There was a 7.7-fold increase in the proportion reporting no insurance. In regression analysis, factors associated with declining health status between 2001 and 2007 included underlying disease severity and delayed or forgone care in young adulthood. Conclusions We found significant deterioration in insurance coverage, usual source of care and receiving timely health care as ASHCN aged into adulthood, and that this was associated with decline in health status. Our findings suggest that further population-based analyses of health outcomes are needed to plan for interventions to assist this vulnerable population.
Interferon-γ Down-regulates Gene Expression of Cathepsin K in Osteoclasts and Inhibits Osteoclast Formation

The cytokine, IFN-gamma, has been shown in vitro to inhibit bone resorption, but the mechanisms responsible for this inhibition have not been clearly defined. Cathepsin K is a major protease responsible for bone resorption. IFN-gamma may inhibit bone resorption through down-regulation of osteoclast genes, including cathepsin K. To test the hypothesis, we investigated the effect of IFN-gamma on cathepsin K expression in the MOCP-5 and wild-type mouse bone marrow co-culture systems by Northern blot as well as osteoclast formation at different stages of differentiation. The results show that IFN-gamma down-regulates mRNA levels of cathepsin K in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Consequently, cathepsin K protein production is also reduced by IFN-gamma. Moreover, our results indicate that IFN-gamma inhibits osteoclast formation only early in osteoclast differentiation. IL-6 and TNFalpha did not significantly affect cathepsin K gene expression in osteoclasts. However, IL-1alpha stimulated gene expression. In conclusion, our data suggest that the actions of IFN-gamma on osteoclastic bone resorption may be mediated by its effects on both osteoclast formation at an early stage and osteoclast gene expression in mature osteoclasts.
Group-theoretical approach to interaction renormalization for ab initio solutions of the nuclear problem

For many problems in nuclear, high-energy and solid-state physics a crucial step toward a solution involves a diagonalization or simplification of the Hamiltonian of a many-body quantum-mechanical system. Problems of interest include renormalization of the Hamiltonian to accommodate excluded basis spaces, decoupling of a model space region of special interest from irrelevant configurations, or near-diagonalization to invoke perturbative treatments. In such applications, the Similarity Renormalization Group (SRG) approach (or flow equations) can provide solutions where more conventional methods fail. We show that when SRG employs a near symmetry of a system, utilizing the Casimir invariant operators, it evolves the Hamiltonian of the system toward a (block-)diagonal form that can be realized in terms of a finite number of integrity basis operators. In particular, for atomic nuclei, an SRG flow equation that utilizes the SU(3) symmetry, which often dominates the nuclear dynamics, is found to naturally evolve a nucleon-nucleon (NN) interaction toward a block-diagonal form. A remarkable consequence is that a renormalized SU(3)-preserving many-body Hamiltonian expressed in terms of only the SU(3) integrity basis realizes energy spectra identical to the ones of the original realistic NN interaction, which reflects the low-energy symmetries as well as symmetry-breaking patterns of quantum chromodynamics. Such a scheme is especially suitable for ab initio SU(3) symmetry-adapted shell model calculations, which can further allow for perturbative treatments of the nuclear interaction. Moreover, the use of symmetries dramatically reduces the size of the problem, as the flow equation can be rewritten in terms of SU(3) reduced matrix elements of the NN interaction. This is crucial for maintaining the unitarity of the SRG transformations that generate many-body interactions.
Abstract 135: Apoptotic cell death triggering in the prostate carcinoma cell line PC3 by the anoikis effector Bit1

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC Highly aggressive cancer cells often are associated with resistance to caspase-dependent apoptosis, due, in part to loss in function or mutation in caspase effectors. Such apoptotic defects in caspase signaling pathway may provide a selective growth advantage for tumor cells and potentiate their aggressiveness and resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. Here, we test the responsiveness of the highly aggressive prostate cancer cell line PC3 cells to the apoptotic function of the novel, caspase-independent anoikis effector Bcl2 inhibitor of transcription (Bit1). Overexpression of the cytoplasmic localized Bit1 in PC3 cells results in significant induction of apoptosis as evidenced by the increased levels of histone-DNA fragments. Furthermore, PC3 cells transfected with the mitochondrial localized Bit1 exhibit significant apoptosis following loss of cell attachment as compared to vector treated cells, and such induction of anoikis is associated with increased levels of Bit1 in the cytosol. In contrast, both the control and Bit1 transfected PC3 cells show the same level of spontaneous apoptosis when grown attached to a culture dish. We also tested whether Bit1 alters the chemoresistant phenotype of PC3 cells. Consistent with the induction of anoikis sensitivity, overexpression of mitochondrial Bit1 also renders PC3 cells more sensitive to etoposide-induced apoptosis. Interestingly, the Bit1-mediated apoptosis in PC3 cells is correlated with increased NFkappa B activity as evidenced by increased nuclear translocation and transcription factor activity of the p65 subunit. Taken together, these findings indicate that activation of the caspase-independent Bit1 apoptotic pathway may serve as a preferred alternate approach in triggering apoptosis in aggressive prostate cancer cells. Bit1 may thus serve as a future therapeutic target for the treatment and alleviation of the chemoresistance characteristic of prostate cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 135.
A critique of models of the American lobster fishery

Abstract A number of studies have used the American lobster fishery to raise theoretical and empirical issues in the economic application of Schaefer yield-effort models. The present research shows that both published variants of the Schaefer yield-effort model are poor predictors of landings in the lobster fishery. The analysis suggests that minimum size rules in the lobster fishery make the Beverton-Holt dynamic pool model more appropriate to the lobster fishery than the Schaefer yield-effort model.
Catholic Elementary Schools in Chicago's Black Inner City: Four Modes of Adaptation to Environmental Change:

This article summarizes qualitative research on Catholic elementary schools in Chicago's black inner city. It describes jour categories of schools that emerged as a result of in-depth interviews with pastors and principals of thirty-three schools. These categories represent the basic approaches schools used as they attempted to adapt to radical changes in their populations and environments. The paper analyzes the factors influencing approaches to adaptation and examines the organizational effectiveness of each mode. Using an organizational framework, the author explores the relationship between resource dependency, autonomy, and institutional legitimacy.
A model of volitional rating behavior

Abstract It is commonly believed that the practice of intentionally distorting performance appraisals is widespread among those serving as raters in the appraisal process. This behavior is theorized to result from conscious decisions about the direction and degree of distortion to introduce into ratings at the point where they are reported. A model of the determinants of such decisions is proposed and issues in the model's operationalization, validation, and implementation in practice are discussed.
Temporal maps and informativeness in associative learning

Neurobiological research on learning assumes that temporal contiguity is essential for association formation, but what constitutes temporal contiguity has never been specified. We review evidence that learning depends, instead, on learning a temporal map. Temporal relations between events are encoded even from single experiences. The speed with which an anticipatory response emerges is proportional to the informativeness of the encoded relation between a predictive stimulus or event and the event it predicts. This principle yields a quantitative account of the heretofore undefined, but theoretically crucial, concept of temporal pairing, an account in quantitative accord with surprising experimental findings. The same principle explains the basic results in the cue competition literature, which motivated the Rescorla–Wagner model and most other contemporary models of associative learning. The essential feature of a memory mechanism in this account is its ability to encode quantitative information.
Dynamic scaling for dilute magnets near percolation threshold

A convenient formulation of the principle of dynamic scaling for multicritical points is presented and applied to the dynamics of dilute magnets at the percolation threshold. The dynamic exponents observed along the temperature axis near the multicritical point are related to percolationlike exponents and a crossover exponent. Scaling also enables us to see the role of fractal geometry of the percolation cluster on spin dynamics in a transparent way.
Nucleologenesis: use of non-isotopic in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry to compare the localization of rDNA and nucleolar proteins during mitosis

Using in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry during interphase and mitosis, we have compared the distribution of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) to that of the nucleolar proteins fibrillarin and RNA polymerase I. During interphase, nucleolar proteins were localized at sites throughout the nucleolus while the bulk of rDNA was localized in a single restricted nucleolar area. During metaphase and anaphase, all six NORs were detected by in situ hybridization, Ag-staining, or by the immunolocalization of RNA polymerase I. During telophase, rDNA and RNA polymerase I were found in a distinct subset of the prenucleolar bodies (PNBs) which obviously must contain the nucleolar organizers. Other numerous PNBs are smaller in size and do not contain detectable amounts of rDNA or RNA polymerase I. Therefore, reconstruction of the nucleolus originates in telophase-specific domains which contain both rDNA and RNA polymerase I.
Mitochondria targeting of non-peroxidizable triphenylphosphonium conjugated oleic acid protects mouse embryonic cells against apoptosis: Role of cardiolipin remodeling

Peroxidation of cardiolipin in mitochondria is essential for the execution of apoptosis. We suggested that integration of oleic acid into cardiolipin generates non-oxidizable cardiolipin species hence protects cells against apoptosis. We synthesized mitochondria-targeted triphenylphosphonium oleic acid ester. Using lipidomics analysis we found that pretreatment of mouse embryonic cells with triphenylphosphonium oleic acid ester resulted in decreased contents of polyunsaturated cardiolipins and elevation of its species containing oleic acid residues. This caused suppression of apoptosis induced by actinomycin D. Triacsin C, an inhibitor of acyl-CoA synthase, blocked integration of oleic acid into cardiolipin and restored cell sensitivity to apoptosis.
Template meta-programming for Haskell

We propose a new extension to the purely functional programming language Haskell that supports compile-time meta-programming. The purpose of the system is to support the algorithmic construction of programs at compile-time.The ability to generate code at compile time allows the programmer to implement such features as polytypic programs, macro-like expansion, user directed optimization (such as inlining), and the generation of supporting data structures and functions from existing data structures and functions.Our design is being implemented in the Glasgow Haskell Compiler, ghc.
Insulin-stimulated glycogen formation in rat diaphragm. Levels of tissue intermediates in short-time experiments.

Abstract Studies carried out with rat hemidiaphragms indicated that, under the experimental conditions outlined, over 90% of the increased uptake of glucose in the presence of insulin, on a balance basis, could be accounted for as tissue glycogen. Hexose 6-phosphate content was increased in diaphragms incubated in the presence of insulin, in agreement with an increased conversion of extracellular glucose to intracellular hexose 6-phosphate. Glucose 1-phosphate contents were unchanged, suggesting a rapid removal of glucose 1-phosphate. Glycogen formation in the presence of insulin took place at ratios of inorganic phosphate to glucose 1-phosphate of 305. ADP, ATP, inorganic phosphate, and creatine phosphate were not changed, a finding compatible with the association of the increased glycogen formation to phosphorylative reactions.
Transport and chemistry at electroactive interfaces studied using line-imaging Raman spectroscopy

Abstract Line-imaging Raman spectroscopy provides a contiguous series of Raman spectra along a line in space. The resulting image provides a one-dimensional spatial profile containing information about the bonding and chemical environment being sampled. The instrument configuration described here has a spatial resolution of about 5 μm and a spectral resolution of approximately 10 cm −1 . Two examples highlight the use of in situ line-imaging Raman spectroscopy in electrochemical engineering. In the first example, the cation transport and redox characteristics of a thin (≈36 nm) nickel hexacyanoferrate film are probed. The oxidation state of iron centers within the nickel hexacyanoferrate thin film is shown to be readily modulated between ferric and ferrous states in the freshly prepared film. However, repeated cycling results in an irreversible loss of capacity as the iron centers no longer are able to efficiently switch into the ferric state. In the second example, we demonstrate the simultaneous imaging of a thin film of semiconducting copper (I) thiocyanate and the electrolyte chemistry from which the film was deposited. We show that copper thiocyanate electrodeposits have the β crystal form and the deposition involves a CuSCN + precursor that forms via homogeneous solution phase chemistry upon addition of copper sulfate to a potassium thiocyanate containing electrolyte.
Southeast Asia—Some Anthropological Aspects

The political unrest manifest in Southeast Asia today is primarily due to two factors. On the one hand, it is the result of a collision between the forces of modern nationalism and social and economic equalitarianism, and on the other, to the inertia of a traditional indigenous ethos, often buttressed by a long period of colonial domination. Studies of the specific political, socio-economic or ethnic problems that contribute to instability (for example the Viet Minh front in Indo-China, the Hukbalahap movement in the Philippines, the Karen insurrection in Burma, or the sectional strife and communalism in Indonesia) give only scant attention to certain significant anthropological features of modern Southeast Asia. Yet these features bear the closest relationship to the tenor of extremism, the character of and susceptibility to Marxist propaganda (in conjunction with the development of nationalism), and to the demand for renovation of the existing economic order now prevailing in this area. Recognition of d...
Environmental Strategies for Sustainable Development: A New Town in Mallorca

There can be a particularly fragile balance between water supply and demand in small island communities (such as Mallorca) which have developed a reliance on tourism. Over-abstraction has caused an increase in salinity of groundwater resources and has exacerbated a general shortage of fresh water. The island also has important ecological reserves, but such habitats and species are threatened by the development of tourism and intensive agriculture. The paper describes the environmental strategies for water, ecology, agriculture and landscape devised for a proposed new town. These strategies were the basis for integration of other elements, including renewable energy, waste and transport – all designed with sustainable principles. The strategies were incorporated into the winning masterplan for an international competition which was organized by the Govern Balear.
APPARENT PARADOX IN THE EFFECTS OF ETHIONINE FEEDING ON THE SPECIFIC ACTIVITIES OF RAT LIVER GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE AND PYRUVATE KINASE.

IT is generally agreed that protein and enzyme syntheses are depressed in the liver of ethionine-treated animals and that the mature female preferentially exhibits this diminution1,2. We were surprised, therefore (Fig. 1), to find a rise (200–300 per cent) of liver glueose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in both sexes of ethionine-treated rats. On the other hand, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, which is the next enzyme in the shunt pathway sequence, is unaffected and pyruvate kinase of the Krebs cycle undergoes a decrease (50 per cent) in the liver of the female but not the male rat. In animals receiving both methionine and ethionine, no alterations from normal occurred. Accordingly, these diverse effects on enzyme activity of ethionine are now being reported to emphasize the complexity of enzyme phenomena in ethionine-treated animals.
Early Versus Delayed Passive Range of Motion After Rotator Cuff Repair A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Background:Postoperative rehabilitation has been shown to affect healing of the rotator cuff after surgical repair. However, it is unknown whether an early or delayed rehabilitation protocol is most beneficial for healing.Purpose:To determine whether early versus delayed passive range of motion (PROM) affects rotator cuff (RC) retear rates after surgery.Study Design:Systematic review and meta-analysis.Methods:A systematic review of the literature published between January 2003 and February 2014 was conducted. Retear rates were compared for early (within 1 week after surgery) versus delayed (3-6 weeks after surgery) PROM using χ2 or Fisher exact tests as well as relative risks (RR) and 95% CIs. In the first analysis, data from evidence level 1 studies that directly compared early versus delayed PROM were pooled; and in the second analysis, data from level 1 to 4 studies that did not directly compare early versus delayed PROM were pooled. The second analysis was stratified by tear size and repair method.Res...
Using Mixture Regression to Identify Varying Effects: A Demonstration With Paternal Incarceration

The most widely used techniques for identifying the varying effects of stressors involve testing moderator effects via interaction terms in regression or multiple-group analysis in structural equation modeling. The authors present mixture regression as an alternative approach. In contrast to more widely used approaches, mixture regression identifies varying effects without reliance on tests of moderator variables, such as using interaction terms or multiple group analyses. In many instances, the use of mixture regression also more effectively tests higher order and multiple interactions. A mixture regression example is presented using 214 families from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing study, half of whom had experienced paternal incarceration. Whereas typical regression and moderator analyses fail to find an effect or varying effects, mixture regression identified 4 classes uniquely influenced by the incarceration.
A Polynomial Homotopy Formulation of the Inverse Static Analysis of Planar Compliant Mechanisms

This paper formulates the inverse static analysis of planar compliant mechanisms in polynomial form. The goal is to find the equilibrium configurations of the system in response to a known force/moment applied to the mechanism. The geometric constraint of the linkage defines a set of kinematics equations which are combined with equilibrium equations obtained from partial derivatives of the potential-energy function. In order to apply polynomial homotopy solver to these equations, we approximate the linear torsion spring torque at each joint by using sine and cosine functions. The results obtained from the homotopy solver are then refined using Newton-Raphson iteration. To demonstrate the analysis steps, we study two example planar compliant mechanisms, a four-bar linkage with two torsional springs, and a parallel platform supported by three linear springs. Numerical examples are provided together with plots of the potential energy during a movement between selected equilibrium positions.