cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Novel Human SRB/MED-Containing Cofactor Complex, SMCC, Involved in Transcription Regulation

A novel human complex that can either repress activator-dependent transcription mediated by PC4, or, at limiting TFIIH, act synergistically with PC4 to enhance activator-dependent transcription has been purified. This complex contains homologs of a subset of yeast mediator/holoenzyme components (including SRB7, SRB10, SRB11, MED6, and RGR1), homologs of other yeast transcriptional regulatory factors (SOH1 and NUT2), and, significantly, some components (TRAP220, TRAP170/hRGR1, and TRAP100) of a human thyroid hormone receptor-associated coactivator complex. The complex shows direct activator interactions but, unlike yeast mediator, can act independently of the RNA polymerase II CTD. These findings demonstrate both positive and negative functional capabilities for the human complex, emphasize novel (CTD-independent) regulatory mechanisms, and link the complex to other human coactivator complexes.
STUDIES ON THE GENERALIZED SHWARTZMAN REACTION : VI. PRODUCTION OF THE REACTION BY THE SYNERGISTIC ACTION OF ENDOTOXIN WITH THREE SYNTHETIC ACIDIC POLYMERS (SODIUM POLYANETHOL SULFONATE, DEXTRAN SULFATE, AND SODIUM POLYVINYL ALCOHOL SULFONATE)

Lesions indistinguishable from those of the generalized Shwartzman reaction occured in rabbits when a single intravenous injection of Gram-negative bacterial endotoxin was accompanied, or followed, by an injection of one of the following synthetic, heparin-like, acidic polymers-sodium polyanethol sulfonate, dextran sulfate, or sodium polyvinyl alcohol sulfonate. These reactions were produced by doses of polymer or of endotoxin which were without demonstrable effect when given singly. Heparin, in those similar to those previously shown to protect rabbits against the lesions of the generalized Shwartzman reaction, prevented the reaction to the combined injection of endotoxin and acidic polymers. Nitrogen mustard, which was previously shown to prevent the lesions of the generalized Shwartzman reaction from occurring after two intravenous injections of endotoxin, had no protective action against the lesions produced by the combined injection of endotoxin and polymer. Cortisone did not affect the reaction to endotoxin and polymer. The role of fibrinogen in the reaction under study is discussed in the paper which follows.
A method for in-vivo kinematic analysis of the forearm

Abstract Purpose To develop a method for in-vivo kinematic study of normal forearm rotation using computed tomographic (CT) images and a custom apparatus which allows for control of amount of forearm rotation. Methods The forearm of one asymptomatic volunteer was CT-scanned in five positions: neutral, 60° pronation, maximal pronation, 60° supination, and maximal supination. Surface registration of the pronated/supinated image datasets with the neutral position was performed. The resulting transformation matrices were decomposed into finite helical axis (FHA) parameters. Kinematics were expressed as motion of the radius relative to the ulna. Results The axes of the forearm passed through the volar region of the radial head at the proximal radioulnar joint (PRUJ), extending towards the dorsal region of the ulnar head at the distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ). Distinct FHAs were calculated for each forearm position analyzed relative to neutral rotation. Forearm pronation FHAs were different from forearm supination FHAs. Conclusions Our experimental methodology is capable of describing the in-vivo kinematics of the forearm with good accuracy and reliability. Future in-vivo studies would need to be performed using a larger sample size to further validate our preliminary results. An ideal clinical application of this methodology would be in the comparative study of patients with forearm dysfunction.
Usability testing in 2000 and beyond

Usability testing is a widely used technique to evaluate user performance and acceptance of products and systems. It was introduced in the late 1980s and rose to popularity in the past decade. This paper provides a view of the current status of usability testing as a method and describes how it will be used in the 21st century. Although usability testing may not be the most efficient technique for discovery of usability problems, it is a reliable way to estimate quantitatively users' performance and subjective satisfaction with products. Four major trends in usability testing include: common reporting formats and methods for industry; Internet application and website testing; testing of mobile, handheld devices; and testing in more naturalistic environments such as simulated homes and classrooms. In the 21st century, 'quick and clean' usability testing methods are needed to provide valid and reliable data on how well people use products and systems, and how they like using them.
Is survival among women diagnosed with breast cancer influenced by family history of breast cancer

In this study, we examine the association between having a family history of breast cancer and survival after diagnosis with breast cancer. Data for this study were from the Utah Population Database, a linked database consisting of genealogy data of Mormon pioneer families, Utah Cancer Registry data
Effectiveness of an anaerobic granular activated carbon fluidized-bed bioreactor to treat soil wash fluids: a proposed strategy for remediating PCP/PAH contaminated soils

An integrated system has been developed to remediate soils contaminated with pentachlorophenol (PCP) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). This system involves the coupling of two treatment technologies, soil-solvent washing and anaerobic biotreatment of the extract. Specifically, this study evaluated the effectiveness of a granular activated carbon (GAC) fluidized-bed reactor to treat a synthetic-waste stream of PCP and four PAHs (naphthalene, acenaphthene, pyrene, and benzo(b)fluoranthene) under anaerobic conditions. This waste stream was intended to simulate the wash fluids from a soil washing process treating soils from a wood-preserving site. The reactor achieved a removal efficiency of greater than 99.8% for PCP with conversion to its dechlorination intermediates averaging 46.5%. Effluent, carbon extraction, and isotherm data also indicate that naphthalene and acenaphthene were removed from the liquid phase with efficiencies of 86 and 93%, respectively. Effluent levels of pyrene and benzo(b)fluoranthene were extremely low due to the high-adsorptive capacity of GAC for these compounds. Experimental evidence does not suggest that the latter two compounds were biochemically transformed within the reactor.
Clarifying Traffic Flow Phases for Vehicle Classifications Using Dual-Loop Data

The accuracy of the loop-based vehicle classification under various traffic conditions is greatly dependent upon the capability of clarifying phases or states of traffic flow. One challenge lies in identifying traffic phases using variables that could be directly calculated from dual-loop data. In this paper, the authors present a hybrid method that incorporates level of service and K-means clustering methods for identifying traffic phases from dual-loop data. The authors apply the "phase representative variables" to represent traffic characteristics in the traffic flow phase identification algorithm. By using video vehicular trajectory data, they have successfully identified the traffic factors influencing vehicle classification accuracy under non-free traffic conditions and developed the innovative length-based vehicle classification models. The model evaluation results indicate that the accuracy of the estimated vehicle lengths has been increased from 42% to 92% under synchronized and stop-and-go traffic flow phases. The results also foster a better understanding of the traffic stream characteristics and associated theories to help further development of relevant microscopic simulation models with sensing traffic data sources.
Anisotropic scattering by single starch granules. II. Layered granule structure

The study of anisotropy light scattering from tapioca and potato starches has continued with the recording of more detailed experimental single-granule Hv scattering patterns and, for the first time, single-granule Vv patterns. Quantitative analysis of the higher order scattering maxima to the granule morphology, permitting an analysis of the latter in terms of a lyered structure. For tapioca starch, this analysis indicates that if layering is present at all, the layer thickness is comparable to the wavelength of the incident radiation, and most likely is considerably less than 0.5 μ in thickness. On the other hand, the potato starch morphology is characterized by a relatively coarse layering with few layers and considerable difference in the anisotropy between successive layers. The models for the two starches in best agreement with experimental data are as follows: almost perfectly spherulitic anisotropic structure with very thin shell-like layers—if any—for tapioca, and alternating layers of varying anisotropy several microns in thickness and probably simultaneously present with an isotropic center, for potato starch. The Vv pattern for tapioca starch is in agreement with this model, although its information content is lower owing to the experimental difficulty of recording higher order maxima. Suggestions for further morphological study of starches are presented.
The globalization of radiology practice.

A global economy is a reality in many segments of the economy. The recent discussions on the North American Free Trade Agreement are but one example of the interest (and concern) of the many interested parties when economies and markets broaden in scope and geography. Most health care commercial corporations, including those providing equipment and supplies to radiology, are multinational, if not global industries. Even medical practice is taking on a more global view. Certainly the days of “local” practice patterns setting the standard for patient care and medical liability defense is a thing of the past, and modern medical practice policies are being set at the state and national 1evels. It is easy to predict that international forces will increasingly affect medical practice in the United States. This issue of AJR has an important article from our radiology colleagues in Japan [1], who studied the utilization and economics of MR imaging in their country. Their methods of data collection and analysis are similar to those used in previous studies from the United States by my son and me [2], which allows ready comparison of MR practice and economics in the two countries from data collected during 1990 and 1991. Selected data from both studies are summarized in Table 1. Although many things are similar, there are several important differences between the utilization of MR in the two countries. First the similarities-MR is readily available and is used primarily for patients with neurologic signs or symptoms in both countries. As the authors point out, the United States and Japan are at the top of the list of countries that use new radiologic technology, including MR imaging. However, MR has flourished under two distinctly different medical payment programs. The United States has a multiple-payer, fee-forservice system, whereas Japan has a single-payer, fixed-fee Japan United States
The personal log: Enriching clinical practice

This article discusses ways in which the keeping of a log by the client may provide perspective and direction to clinical practice. It presents the log as a practical, systematic, economic, and unobtrusive method to supplement face-to-face clinical work. Drawing upon illustrative case examples, the article outlines the log's many forms of expression and exploration which can broaden and deepen self observation and analysis. It offers guidelines to maximize the log's effectiveness when introduced into an array of treatment approaches and suggests its viability with different kinds of clients. A powerful tool for facilitating the development of self awareness, the log also improves communication with the therapist, supplying important information that might not otherwise be available.
Sources of traffic and visitors' preferences regarding online public reports of quality: web analytics and online survey results.

Background: In the context of the Affordable Care Act, there is extensive emphasis on making provider quality transparent and publicly available. Online public reports of quality exist, but little is known about how visitors find reports or about their purpose in visiting. Objective: To address this gap, we gathered website analytics data from a national group of online public reports of hospital or physician quality and surveyed real-time visitors to those websites. Methods: Websites were recruited from a national group of online public reports of hospital or physician quality. Analytics data were gathered from each website: number of unique visitors, method of arrival for each unique visitor, and search terms resulting in visits. Depending on the website, a survey invitation was launched for unique visitors on landing pages or on pages with quality information. Survey topics included type of respondent (eg, consumer, health care professional), purpose of visit, areas of interest, website experience, and demographics. Results: There were 116,657 unique visitors to the 18 participating websites (1440 unique visitors/month per website), with most unique visitors arriving through search (63.95%, 74,606/116,657). Websites with a higher percent of traffic from search engines garnered more unique visitors ( P =.001). The most common search terms were for individual hospitals (23.25%, 27,122/74,606) and website names (19.43%, 22,672/74,606); medical condition terms were uncommon (0.81%, 605/74,606). Survey view rate was 42.48% (49,560/116,657 invited) resulting in 1755 respondents (participation rate=3.6%). There were substantial proportions of consumer (48.43%, 850/1755) and health care professional respondents (31.39%, 551/1755). Across websites, proportions of consumer (21%-71%) and health care professional respondents (16%-48%) varied. Consumers were frequently interested in using the information to choose providers or assess the quality of their provider (52.7%, 225/427); the majority of those choosing a provider reported that they had used the information to do so (78%, 40/51). Health care professional (26.6%, 115/443) and consumer (20.8%, 92/442) respondents wanted cost information and consumers wanted patient narrative comments (31.5%, 139/442) on the public reports. Health care professional respondents rated the experience on the reports higher than consumers did (mean 7.2, SD 2.2 vs mean 6.2, SD 2.7; scale 0-10; P <.001). Conclusions: Report sponsors interested in increasing the influence of their reports could consider using techniques to improve search engine traffic, providing cost information and patient comments, and improving the website experience for both consumers and health care professionals. [J Med Internet Res 2015;17(5):e102]
Evidence mounts for receptor-independent activation of heterotrimeric G proteins normally in vivo: positioning of the mitotic spindle in C. elegans.

Examples of the activation of heterotrimeric G proteins in vivo by any means other than through activated cell surface receptors have been limited to pathophysiological phenomena. With the discovery of proteins apart from receptors that facilitate guanine nucleotide exchange and affect G protein subunit dissociation directly, however, the notion of receptor-independent modes of activation in normal circumstances has become a subject of great interest. Three recent publications, each focusing on G protein regulators (GPRs) in asymmetric positioning of the mitotic spindle in the early Caenorhabditis elegans embryo, provide substantial support for the likelihood of such a form of activation. The C. elegans proteins GPR-1 and GPR-2 each contain a G protein regulatory motif, which supports interaction with Galpha(i)-like subunits. Inactivation of the genes encoding GPR-1 and GPR-2 prevents the correct positioning of the mitotic spindle in the one- and two-cell embryo. This phenotype is identical to that achieved by inactivation of genes encoding the Galpha subunits GOA-1 and GPA-16. Because signaling in the one- and two-cell embryos is "intrinsic," the data suggest a GPR-dependent, receptor-independent mode of G protein activation. The GPRs interact preferentially with the guanosine diphosphate (GDP)-bound form of Galpha subunits, and the GPR motif per se exhibits GDP dissociation inhibitor activity. The actions of the GPRs imply that GDP.Galpha.GPR is a key intermediate or effector in force generation relevant to mitotic spindle positioning.
Biodegradation of benzoate with nitrate as electron acceptor at different redox potentials in sand column microcosms

The purpose of this work was to assess the influence of redox conditions on benzoate biodegradation coupled with oxygen and nitrate as electron acceptors. A benzoate-degrading, facultatively denitrifying bacterium was isolated from a sediment sample and was tentatively identified as Comamonas terrigena (strain J92-6). The experimental system was based on sand columns that were filled with liquid medium containing benzoate and nitrate. The columns were inoculated to provide a fixed biofilm on the sand. Conditions were created by aeration, dinitrogen-purging, and sodium sulfide amendment that comprised oxic, anoxic, and reduced (–375 mV) zones, respectively, at different depths of the columns. Anaerobic biodegradation of benzoate was nitrate-dependent and proceeded at all redox potential values ranging from +400 to –375 mV. Thus, benzoate degradation coupled with denitrification was not inhibited at low redox potentials characteristic of sulfate reduction and methanogenesis. The results demonstrate that the fixed biofilm column system can be successfully used to evaluate the influence of environmental factors on the biodegradation of benzoate, a central decomposition product of anaerobic, aromatic hydrocarbon biodegradation.
The Place of Architectural Factors in Behavioral Theories of Privacy

Although much of the recent concern for privacy as a central issue in the study of interpersonal behavior has arisen within the area of environmental psychology, the environment presented in this literature tends to lack enduring properties which set it apart from the behavior to which it is presumably related. By contrast, a model of the environment is proposed which is sensitive to physical properties which are independent of normative and symbolic associations imposed by tradition. This model indicates how the selection of one's location and orientation within an architecturally bounded setting can affect both the acquisition of information about surrounding activities and the abilities of others to take notice of one's own behavior. Within this framework selective conspicuousness is suggested as the chief means of privacy regulation. Selective conspicuousness involves a trade off between the environmental and behavioral options available for concealing or disclosing information about oneself with the physical environment presenting certain initial conditions upon which behavior is contingent.
An inverse problem of electromagnetic scattering and the method of lines

The problem of determining the shape of perfectly conducting cylindrical structures with arbitrary cross sections from electromagnetic scattering data is considered. Applying the method of lines, an efficient procedure is found for determining the shape of a cylinder from its electromagnetic scattering amplitude. To illustrate the procedure and its preliminary computational performance, numerical examples for cylinders with circular or cardioid cross sections are presented. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 29: 420–426, 2001.
Quantifying the thermodynamic interactions of polyhedral boranes in solution to guide nanocomposite fabrication

The solubility of boron containing nanoparticles in a variety of solvents is quantified using static light scattering in conjunction with refractometry. Four polyhedral boranes were tested in this work, using refractometry to obtain dn/dc, while static light scattering quantifies A2. A2 obtained from these measurements was then used to calculate χ, the solute–solvent interaction parameter, and the Hildebrand solubility parameter, δ, which provides a quantifiable method to identify good solvents. Of the nanoparticles studied, 1,3-di-o-carboranylpropane is thermodynamically stable in toluene, with a χ less than 0.5, a solubility limit of 2.47 mg/mL, and all solutions remaining clear with no visible particle settling. For all of the particles tested, there was good correlation between the physical observations of the solutions, χ, and δ. For instance, lower values of χ correspond to a smaller radius of gyration (Rg). A list of suitable solvents based on δ is also presented.
Assessment of off-normal emissions from hazardous waste incinerators: Part II: Assessment of off-normal emission intensity and total emission

Abstract This is the second paper in a series of papers which report the results of a study of off-normal emissions from operation of a liquid injection hazardous waste incinerator. Reported in this paper are the results of off-normal emission intensity and total off-normal emissions using probabilistic methods. The results show that, in general, the total off-normal emissions per year for the scenarios analyzed are roughly the same magnitude as the total normal annual emissions for principal organic hazardous constituents (POHCs) and acid gases, and are much lower for particulates. Hence, it appears that for modern liquid injection incinerators, designed and operated according to the assumptions of this study, the off-normal emissions for any emission category may not be significantly large, large enough to increase the order of the magnitude of the overall risk, unless extremely toxic or dangerous wastes are incinerated, and a destruction and removal efficiency (DRE) of 99.9999% is sought.
Nutrition and longevity

The relationship between nutrition and longevity is examined using data from a variety of sources from around the world. The relationship is considered separately for children adults and the elderly. The conflicts between the different objectives pursued through nutrition are noted and the possible need for individuals to trade off health at younger ages with longevity is considered. (ANNOTATION)
The goddess in Indo-European heroic literature

(1984). The goddess in Indo-European heroic literature. Religion: Vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 107-142.
Thermoelectric properties of MeV Si ion bombarded Bi2Te3/Sb2Te3 superlattice deposited by magnetron sputtering

In order to keep the stoichiometry of Bi 2 Te 3 and Sb 2 Te 3 , with the purpose of preserving the electrical and thermal conductivity advantage of the layered structure of bulk Bi 2 Te 3 and Sb 2 Te 3 in each period of the superlattice, magnetron sputtering, which is operated at relatively low temperature, was used to deposit multilayer Bi 2 Te 3 /Sb 2 Te 3 thermoelectric superlattice devices. In addition to the effect of quantum well confinement of the phonon transmission, the nanoscale clusters produced by bombardment with an ion beam further adversely affects the thermal conductivity. The increase of the electron density of states in the miniband of nanoscale cluster quantum dot-like structure formed by bombardment also increases the Seebeck coefficient and the electrical conductivity. Eventually, the thermoelectric figure of merit of superlattice films increases.
Language and social functioning in children and adolescents with epilepsy.

Individuals with epilepsy have difficulties with social function that are not adequately accounted for by seizure severity or frequency. This study examined the relationship between language ability and social functioning in 193 children with epilepsy over a period of 36 months following their first recognized seizure. The findings show that children with persistent seizures have poorer language function, even at the onset of their seizures, than do their healthy siblings, children with no recurrent seizures, and children with recurrent but not persistent seizures. They continue to demonstrate poorer language function 36 months later. This poor language function is associated with declining social competence. Intervention aimed at improving social competence should include consideration of potential language deficits that accompany epilepsy and social difficulty.
Surveillance for Clinical Stage I Nonseminomatous Testis Carcinoma: Rationale and Results

Surveillance protocols for clinical stage I nonseminomatous germ cell tumors of the testis have demonstrated that using current staging methods, approximately 75% of clinical stage I patients can be cured with orchiectomy alone. With treatment of patients who relapse, the overall outcome with surveillance is similar to that of standard therapy. Retrospective analysis of clinical and pathologic parameters appears to identify a subgroup of patients with a very low risk of relapse. If confirmed in prospective studies, this low-risk group will be well suited for orchiectomy with subsequent observation. The remainder of patients have an intermediate (40-60%) risk of relapse. How these remaining patients are best managed is a subject of controversy. The resolution of this controversy will likely require substantial improvement in the methods for predicting relapse, or substantial reductions in the patient burden of surgical and chemotherapeutic treatment.
Ambivalence: exploring the American university experience of the children of immigrants

Survey data from a large and diverse urban university in the US revealed a significant commitment among incoming students to the value of a multi‐ethnic student body; students who were the children of immigrants expressed this value most strongly. However, follow‐up interviews with these second‐generation Americans, now in their third year at the university, found them avoiding interaction with students who were unlike themselves, particularly those who were first‐generation American. These students complained about the self‐segregation and native‐language maintenance of foreign‐born students, but restricted themselves to English and constructed their own second‐generation university niches; they chose ethnic over pan‐ethnic or biracial identities and often favored the security of living at home. Thus, despite being themselves the primary source diversity in American higher education and its ostensive supporters, in their years at the university, these children of immigrants narrowed rather than broadened...
Cosmic Rays and the Sunspot Cycle: Primary α-Particle Intensity at Sunspot Maximum

BS>In a series of balloon experiments, emulsion packages were included in each flight to allow the determination of the alpha -particle flux and energy spectrum at those times when total ionization or counting measurements showed that the total intensity had undergone a significant change. The decrease in the total intensity during the summer of 1957 was recorded in a number of flights in which satisfactory exposures were obtained. One flight made on May
EFFECT OF LABOR ON PLACENTAL CYTOKINE PRODUCTION: A RISK FOR HIV VERTICAL TRANSMISSION. 1022

EFFECT OF LABOR ON PLACENTAL CYTOKINE PRODUCTION: A RISK FOR HIV VERTICAL TRANSMISSION. 1022
Sensitivity of Narrow Band Imaging Compared With White Light Imaging for the Detection of Endometriosis

Abstract Study Objective To evaluate the ability of narrow band imaging (NBI) in conjunction with standard white light imaging to improve the detection and diagnosis of endometriosis during laparoscopic evaluation compared with white light imaging alone. Sensitivity of NBI in detecting endometriosis was assessed and compared with white light imaging. Design Randomized controlled trial. Classification of Study Design: Level I Evidence obtained from a properly designed, randomized, controlled trial. Setting The trial was conducted in 2 medical centers. Patients One hundred sixty-seven women undergoing laparoscopic evaluation for suspected endometriosis and/or infertility were recruited. Of these, 150 were assessable to determine sensitivity of NBI compared with white light imaging for the detection of endometriotic lesions. Interventions Patients were randomized in a 3:1 ratio to receive white light imaging followed by NBI or white light imaging only. The pelvis was systematically visualized with each assigned imaging modality; lesions were recorded under each visualization and then resected. All patients had white light imaging on the first visualization followed by either a second white light examination (control arm) or NBI examination (intervention arm). Measurements Pathology of resected lesions was the criterion standard for evaluating sensitivity and was conducted at each institution. The method of detection of the lesion (white light or NBI) was masked. Central pathology review was conducted for a randomly selected 10% sample of specimens and for those lesions visualized under only 1 imaging modality among patients assigned to the intervention arm. The sensitivity was assessed for each modality (white light and NBI) and compared using a McNemar's test. Main Results Among the group randomized to receive both white light and NBI, 4 patients had lesions detected with NBI but no lesions detected with white light. Among the 255 lesions confirmed as endometriosis by pathologic review, all were detected by NBI for a sensitivity of 100%; 79% were detected by white light imaging (p Conclusion The addition of NBI to white light imaging increased the number of endometriotic lesions identified during laparoscopy and the diagnosis of endometriosis compared with the use of white light imaging alone.
Comparison of the diagnostic quality of computed tomography images of normal ocular and orbital structures acquired with and without the use of general anesthesia in the cat.

Objective To compare the diagnostic quality of computed tomography (CT) images of normal ocular and orbital structures acquired with and without the use of general anesthesia in the cat. Animal Studied Eleven privately owned cats with nasal disease presenting to a single referral hospital. Procedures All cats received a complete ophthalmic examination. A 16 multislice helical CT system was utilized to acquire images of the skull and neck with and without the use of general anesthesia. Images were acquired before and after the administration of intravenous iodinated contrast. Images of normal ocular and orbital structures were evaluated via consensus by two board-certified radiologists. Visibility of ocular and orbital structures, degree of motion, and streak artifact were assessed and scored for each image set in the transverse, dorsal, and sagittal planes. Results The use of general anesthesia did not significantly affect the diagnostic quality of images. No motion artifact was observed in any CT image. Streak artifact was significantly increased in scans performed in the transverse orientation but not in the dorsal orientation or sagittal orientation and did not affect the diagnostic quality of the images. Contrast enhancement did not significantly enhance the visibility of any ocular or orbital structures. Conclusion Diagnostic CT images of normal ocular and orbital structures can be acquired without the use of general anesthesia in the cat.
Resonant pion-nucleus total cross sections in the Ericson-Hüfner strong-absorption model

Abstract The Ericson-Hufner strong-absorption model for resonant pion-nucleus scattering is extended slightly and compared with recent total cross-section data on a variety of nuclei. For A σ T πA ( E ) to within 15 %, but fails to do so for Sn and Pb. An independent argument indicates that in the fixed-nucleon approximation, the πA peak is not to be viewed as a single resonance, but rather as an “energy band” of 4 A overlapping resonances, all of which occur in each πA partial wave.
Free Vibrations of Multilayer Anisotropic Cylindrical Shells

A theoretical analysis is presented for determining the free vibra tional characteristics of thin-walled, circular cylindrical shells with layers of anisotropic elastic material arbitrarily laminat...
Aspect Ratio Effects on Turbulent and Transitional Flow in Rectangular Microchannels as Measured With MicroPIV

Microscopic particle image velocimetry (microPIV) was used to measure velocities in rectangular microchannels with aspect ratios ranging from 0.97 to 5.69 for 200 Re 3267. Mean velocity profiles, velocity fluctuations, and Reynolds stresses were determined from the microPIV data. Transition to turbulence was observed at Re = 1765– 2315 for the five aspect ratios studied, agreeing very well with both recent microscale experiments and macroscale duct flow and indicating no evidence of early transition for any of the aspect ratios studied. The onset of fully turbulent flow was observed at Re= 2600– 3200. For the fully turbulent flow, the u /umax and v /umax fluctuations at the channel centerline were 6% and 3%‐3.5% and generally agreed well with macroscale results. As aspect ratio increased, the u /umax and u /umax profiles became flatter, with nearly uniform values extending for some distance from the centerline of the channel. This region of uniform u /umax and u /umax became larger with increasing aspect ratio. The Reynolds shear stress for fully turbulent flow also displayed a strong dependence on aspect ratio. For the W /H = 0.97 microchannel, uv /u max steadily increased in value moving from the centerline to the wall, but for the higher aspect ratio microchannels, uv /u max remained close to zero in the center region of the microchannel before increasing in value at locations close to the wall, and this region of near zero uv /u max became larger with increasing aspect ratio. This behavior in the Reynolds shear stress is due to the region of uniform velocity and, hence, small mean shear, near the channel centerline of the high aspect ratio microchannels. DOI: 10.1115/1.2170122
Managing a Female Patient with Left Low Back Pain and Sacroiliac Joint Pain with Therapeutic Exercise: A Case Report

ABSTRACT Purpose: The purpose of this case study is to describe the management of a female patient with chronic left low back pain and sacroiliac joint pain (LBP/SIJP) using unique unilateral exercises developed by the Postural Restoration Institute (PRI) to address pelvic asymmetry and left hip capsule restriction, which is consistent with a Right Handed and Left Anterior Interior Chain pattern of postural asymmetry. Client Description: The client was 65-year-old woman with a 10-month history of constant left LBP/SIJP and leg pain. Intervention: The patient was seen six times to correct pelvic position/posture and left hip posterior capsule restriction via (1) muscle activation (left hamstrings, adductor magnus, and anterior gluteus medius) and (2) left hip adduction to lengthen the left posterior capsule/ischiofemoral ligament. Stabilization exercises included bilateral hamstrings, gluteus maximus, adductors, and abdominals to maintain pelvic position/posture. Measures and Outcome: Left Ober's test (ini...
Effect of number and relatedness of stimulus-term components on paired-associate learning

Word compounds comprised of two or three conceptually related or two or three unrelated words formed the stimulus terms in four paired-associate (PA) lists. List learning was more rapid when stimuli were compounds of conceptually related words than when stimuli consisted of unrelated words. An effect of number of words in the compounds and the interaction of number and relatedness of compound words were not obtained. Results were interpreted in terms of stimulus selection.
Phylogeography of the California mountain kingsnake, Lampropeltis zonata (Colubridae)

The phylogeography of the California mountain kingsnake, Lampropeltis zonata , was studied using mitochondrial DNA sequences from specimens belonging to the seven recognized subspecies and collected throughout the range of the species. Maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood methods identified a basal split within L. zonata that corresponds to southern and northern segments of its distribution. The southern clade is composed of populations from southern California (USA) and northern Baja California, Mexico. The northern clade is divided into two subclades, a ‘coastal’ subclade, consisting of populations from the central coast of California and the southern Sierra Nevada Mountains of eastern California, and a ‘northeastern’ subclade, mainly comprised of populations north of the San Francisco Bay and from the majority of the Sierra Nevada. We suggest that past inland seaways in southwestern California and the embayment of central California constituted barriers to gene flow that resulted in the two deepest divergences within L. zonata . Throughout its evolutionary history, the northern clade apparently has undergone instances of range contraction, isolation, differentiation, and then expansion and secondary contact. Examination of colour pattern variation in 321 living and preserved specimens indicated that the two main colour pattern characters used to define the subspecies of L. zonata are so variable that they cannot be reliably used to differentiate taxonomic units within this complex, which calls into question the recognition of seven geographical races of this snake.
Alginate, inorganic polyphosphate, GTP and ppGpp synthesis co‐regulated in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: implications for stationary phase survival and synthesis of RNA/DNA precursors

The regulatory protein AlgR2 in Pseudomonas aeruginosa positively regulates nucleoside diphosphate kinase (Ndk) and succinyl-CoA synthetase, enzymes critical in nucleoside triphosphate (NTP) formation. AlgR2 positively regulates the production of alginate, GTP, ppGpp and inorganic polyphosphate (poly P). An algR2 mutant with low levels of these metabolites has them restored by introducing and overexpressing either the algR2 or the ndk gene into the algR2 mutant. Thus, Ndk is involved in the formation of these compounds and largely prevents the death of the algR2 mutant, which occurs early in the stationary phase. We demonstrate that the 12 kDa Ndk–pyruvate kinase (Pk) complex, previously shown to generate predominantly GTP instead of all the NTPs, has a low affinity for the deoxynucleoside diphosphates and cannot generate the dNTPs needed for DNA replication and cell division; this complex may thus be involved in regulating the levels of both NTPs and dNTPs that modulate cell division and survival in the stationary phase.
Should patients undergoing ERCP be placed in the prone or supine position

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is generally performed in the prone or semi-prone position. Compared with the supine position, the left lateral and prone positions are believed to carry a lower risk of aspiration, allow easier intubation of the esophagus and provide a more comfortable position for the endoscopist. However, the supine position might be advantageous for the evaluation of pancreatic and biliary anatomy and for enhanced control of the airway. In this Practice Point commentary, I discuss the findings and limitations of a prospective, randomized study conducted by Tringali et al. that compared the performance of ERCP in the prone and supine positions by both experienced endoscopists and trainees. The results suggest no difference in the difficulty of the procedure on the basis of patient position. Objective measurements including mean time to visualize the papilla and opacification of the desired duct were no different. Likewise, overall technical success and complication rates were equivalent. These results suggest that either the supine or prone positions are adequate for the technical performance of ERCP. This commentary highlights the issues to consider when interpreting and generalizing these results in clinical practice.
Investigating Undergraduate Science Students’ Conceptions and Misconceptions of Ocean Acidification

Scientific research exploring ocean acidification has grown significantly in past decades. However, little science education research has investigated the extent to which undergraduate science students understand this topic. Of all undergraduate students, one might predict science students to be best able to understand ocean acidification. What conceptions and misconceptions of ocean acidification do these students hold? How does their awareness and knowledge compare across disciplines? Undergraduate biology, chemistry/biochemistry, and environmental studies students, and science faculty for comparison, were assessed on their awareness and understanding. Results revealed low awareness and understanding of ocean acidification among students compared with faculty. Compared with biology or chemistry/biochemistry students, more environmental studies students demonstrated awareness of ocean acidification and identified the key role of carbon dioxide. Novel misconceptions were also identified. These findings raise the question of whether undergraduate science students are prepared to navigate socioenvironmental issues such as ocean acidification.
Depolarization of a beam under phase conjugation: remarkable properties

Summary form only given. Polarization preserving fibers are actually fibers with reasonably strong birefringence, so that each of x- or y-input polarizations follows adiabatically the local birefringence axes. The phase difference between the field E/sub x/ and E/sub y/ is for +45/spl deg/ polarization, is /spl pi//2 for right circular polarization, etc. This phase walks uncontrollably with time and is generally wavelength-dependent in polarization preserving fibers. Selection of a signal from noise based on the a-priori knowledge of polarization properties of signal and noise is discussed. We discuss also how the measurement of the unusual type of depolarization described here may provide the test of the superposition principle in nonlinear optics (it is violated by the phase conjugation) and in quantum mechanics in general.
Recent advances in the diagnosis and management of autoimmune pancreatitis.

OBJECTIVE. Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is a rare chronic relapsing steroid-responsive fibroinflammatory disorder of the pancreas that is likely caused by immune dysregulation. It is now thought that AIP consists of two distinct clinicopathologic syndromes currently designated as types 1 and 2. CONCLUSION. A current update on etiopathogenesis, pathology, and clinical and imaging findings of AIP is provided with an emphasis on diagnosis and management.
Household Arrangements of Young Adults

This chapter examines the living arrangements of young adults in Latin America in the mid-1970s. Young adulthood is a time of life when many end an educational career, begin full-time employment, and start a family of their own. Most young adults marry, whether formally or not, and become parents (even in societies with high rates of never-married individuals). Some engage in military service to their country, join a youth-oriented group, begin voting, and/or (in some countries) leave the parental home. There are so many transitions in the life of young adults, in fact, that some people talk of young adulthood as being a transition-dense period. While all the facets—and more—are important, here I focus on the living arrangements of young adults, a possible expression of a combination of past and future.
Nutrient recycling by fish versus zooplankton grazing as drivers of the trophic cascade in alpine lakes

In a multilake experiment, we found little effect of nutrient excretion by zooplanktivorous fish, but a large effect of herbivorous zooplankton, on phytoplankton biomass and phosphorus (P) limitation. Whole-lake removal of fish from small alpine lakes resulted in little change in phytoplankton biomass or the intensity of P limitation during 1‐6 postremoval years, over which herbivorous zooplankton did not change. In contrast, significant decreases in phytoplankton biomass and the intensity of phytoplankton P limitation were observed after Daphnia became reestablished. Fish removal also caused large increases in the biomass of benthic macroinvertebrates, but the timing of these increases suggested that P recycling by the benthos did not confound our attempt to measure the effects of P recycling by fish. Estimates of the amount of P recycled by fish and zooplankton and estimates of P demand by the phytoplankton also supported the conclusion that fish recycling was not a major source of P to the phytoplankton in these lakes. Relative to Daphnia grazing, fish recycling of P appears to be relatively unimportant as a driver of trophic cascades in these alpine lakes.
T cell-B cell regulation in the intestinal lamina propria in Crohn's disease

Many patients with Crohn's disease have suppressor T cells circulating in the peripheral blood that are potent inhibitors of immunoglobulin synthesis in vitro. The purpose of this study was to examine the regulatory effects of T cells isolated from the lamina propria of patients with Crohn's disease or of patients with other diseases. Lamina propria cells were isolated from surgically resected intestine by sequential ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and collagenase incubations. T cells were purified from lamina propria either by anti-F(ab)2' affinity columns or by a panning technique using monoclonal anti-T cell antibodies. Changes in the pokeweed mitogen-stimulated synthesis of immunoglobulin M, immunoglobulin G, and immunoglobulin A by normal peripheral blood indicator lymphocytes, as measured by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, was used as an index of help and suppression. Helper T-cell activity was sought by coculturing lamina propria T cells with normal peripheral blood cells plus pokeweed mitogen. Helper T-cell activity was found among lamina propria T-cell populations of patients and controls to a roughly comparable extent; help was provided for all isotypes. Suppressor T-cell activity was sought by coculturing lamina propria T-cells with normal B cells plus irradiated normal T cells plus pokeweed mitogen. No significant suppressor T-cell activity was observed in these cocultures, whether the cells were obtained from control intestine, the grossly uninvolved margin of Crohn's disease intestine, or actively inflamed Crohn's disease intestine. We conclude that suppressor T-cell activity of the sort found previously in the peripheral blood of patients with Crohn's disease is not demonstrable in the intestinal lesions of Crohn's disease. Helper T-cell activity is the predominant regulatory activity in both control and inflamed intestinal lamina propria.