cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of the carbapenem-heteroresistant phenotype among ESBL-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates.

Objectives Carbapenem-heteroresistant (cHR) Enterobacteriaceae strains have been reported worldwide; however, the prevalence among clinical ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae isolates obtained from patients with repeated hospital admissions remains largely unknown. Methods Heteroresistance was screened by disc diffusion and confirmed by a modified population analysis profiling (PAP) method against ertapenem, imipenem, meropenem and ceftolozane/tazobactam. MIC testing was performed by broth microdilution against carbapenems and a panel of agents with potential activity against ESBL-producing strains. Results One hundred and seventy-three ESBL-producing meropenem-susceptible Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates were selected for testing. A total of 519 bacteria/carbapenem combinations were screened by disc diffusion; 84 combinations were identified as cHR. Modified PAP confirmed 70 bacteria/carbapenem combinations as heteroresistant; most (63%, 44/70) confirmed cHR colonies grew within the ertapenem zone of inhibition, followed by imipenem (30%, 21/70), then meropenem (7%, 5/70). In total, one-third of the unique patient isolates (32%, 55/173) were identified as being heteroresistant to at least one carbapenem; of those patients, 16% (9/55) had a carbapenem-non-susceptible isolate on subsequent visits. Only two cHR isolates screened positive for ceftolozane/tazobactam heteroresistance (1%, 2/173), of which one was confirmed heteroresistant by modified PAP. cHR isolates were more likely to be collected from a non-urinary source (e.g. respiratory) compared with non-cHR isolates (31% versus 19%, P = 0.02). MIC distributions of all tested antibiotic agents did not differ between non-cHR and cHR isolates. Conclusions Our findings raise concerns for the continued use of carbapenems as first-line therapy for ESBL infections and for the potential selection for strains with full carbapenem resistance.
Genocide in the sculpture garden and talking back to settler colonialism

In this essay, I explore how Native American rhetoric of resistance exposes the settler colonial logics that constitute a hegemonic force in the greater social imaginary. Focusing on two sites—the ...
Evaluating the Removal of Per- And Polyfluoroalkyl Substances from Contaminated Groundwater with Different Adsorbents Using a Suspect Screening Approach

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are ubiquitous environmental contaminants. Research has focused on technologies for the removal of perfluoroalkyl acids from water, but contaminated grou...
Nonmonotonic dependence of comb polymer relaxation on branch density in semidilute solutions of linear polymers

The relaxation of comb polymers in semidilute solutions is studied using single-molecule fluorescence microscopy and Brownian dynamics simulations with long-range hydrodynamic interactions (HI). Unexpectedly, comb polymer relaxation is found to depend nonmonotonically on branching density, such that lightly branched chains relax faster than linear chains in semidilute solutions. These results challenge commonly held notions in the field and show that the dynamics of branched polymers in nondilute solutions is governed by a coupling between polymer architecture, long-range HI, and excluded volume interactions.
Breaking International Promises

This brief "thought piece" revisits the debates between Pacificus and Helvidius regarding the respective roles of the Legislative and Executive branches in the conduct of foreign affairs. Senators Kennedy and Goldwater later sought support in Hamilton's and Madison's arguments, respectively, for their views on the Executive's constitutional authority to terminate treaties. The piece concludes by recommending continued study and elaboration of the various ways in which Congress can influence foreign policy, as well as further study of inter-agency decision-making processes within the Executive Branch.
Single Molecule-Based fliFISH Validates Radial and Heterogeneous Gene Expression Patterns in Pancreatic Islet β-Cells.

Single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-Seq) technologies have greatly enhanced our understanding of islet cell transcriptomes and have revealed the existence of β-cell heterogeneity. However, comparison of scRNA-Seq data sets from different groups have highlighted inconsistencies in gene expression patterns, primarily due to variable detection of lower abundance transcripts. Furthermore, such analyses are unable to uncover the spatial organization of heterogeneous gene expression. In this study, we used fluctuation localization imaging–based fluorescence in situ hybridization (fliFISH) to quantify transcripts in single cells in mouse pancreatic islet sections. We compared the expression patterns of Insulin 2 (Ins2) with Mafa and Ucn3, two genes expressed in β-cells as they mature, as well as Rgs4, a factor with variably reported expression in the islet. This approach accurately quantified transcripts across a wide range of expression levels, from single copies to >100 copies/cell in one islet. Importantly, fliFISH allowed evaluation of transcript heterogeneity in the spatial context of an intact islet. These studies confirm the existence of a high degree of heterogeneous gene expression levels within the islet and highlight relative and radial expression patterns that likely reflect distinct β-cell maturation states along the radial axis of the islet.
The Supreme Court as the Major Barrier to Racial Equality

This Article suggests that the U.S. Supreme Court, through its decisions in cases alleging race discrimination, stands as a major barrier to racial equality in the United States. There are several aspects of its decisions that lead to this result. Between 1868 and 1954, the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, while it had been interpreted to strike down a few blatant forms of de jure discrimination, allowed government to separate the races based on the separate but equal fiction. Beginning in 1954, Brown and a series of subsequent decisions attacked this fiction and for a period of nearly twenty years the Court was intent on eliminating the vestiges of segregation in the schools, approving broad remedial orders. This changed drastically beginning in 1974 when the Court began limiting the available remedies and relieving school systems of the burdens imposed by court orders. Around the same time, the Court decided that equal protection plaintiffs needed to show a discriminatory governmental purpose in order to trigger meaningful constitutional protection. This meant that facially neutral laws and practices with discriminatory effects were largely constitutional. Beginning with Bakke in 1978, the Court made it difficult, and eventually nearly impossible, for government to take affirmative steps designed to promote equality. A majority of the Court determined that invidious and benign racial classifications should be treated the same under the Equal Protection Clause, with both subjected to strict scrutiny. This completed the Court's interpretation of the Fourteenth Amendment in a manner that makes it a real barrier to racial equality: government is free to engage in invidious discrimination as long as it masks the real purpose, and affirmative steps designed by government to promote equality will be struck down as a violation of equal protection. Ironically, the constitutional amendment designed to promote freedom and equality for the newly-freed slaves now stands in the way of true freedom and equality.
78 Effects of maneuvering required maintenance elements to monitor the grazing behaviors of horses

Within most equine pasture environments, required elements are not evenly distributed, causing horses to focus their activities around concentrated resources and creating the risk of overgrazing. The objectives of this pilot study were to determine if 1) differing positions of required elements including feed (F), shelter (S) and water (W) affected presence within 23m (P23) and 2) placement of required elements had an affect on the grazing behavior of horses. It was hypothesized that both grazing location and behavior would be affected by altering positions of F, S, and W. Six mature mares were paired and assigned to graze 3 element configurations (CONF; Plots 1, 5 were the same, as were 2, 6 and 3, 4) of F, S, and W within 6 individual pasture plots (∼0.95ha each) in an incomplete random design. The 3 elements were placed 56m apart with CONF tested in duplicate; 3 plots were grazed simultaneously by pairs each for 4 7-d periods with 72hr washouts in between, resulting in duplicate grazing and behavior data sets for each plot. Pastures consisted of varying forage species and mowed to 8cm before subsequent grazing periods or every 10 d. Horses were fed a hay balancer (F) to manufacturer's recommendation at 0715 and 1715 daily with ad libitum access to portable water tanks (W). Shelters were portable manmade structures with canvas tops (S), in which horses had a one week adjustment period to pre-trial. Horses were fitted with global positioning systems (GPS; Trak-4 GPS Tracker, Pryor, OK), logging measurements every 10min. Horses were also visually observed for 3 2-h periods (MOR; NOON; EVE) daily with behaviors recorded every 5 min. Trained observers classified horse behavior as either grazing or other activity. The statistical model included the effect of element positioning, plot, horse, and time and was analyzed via ANOVA to determine if element position affected P23 and/or behavior. There was an effect of element on P23 (P
INCIDENTAL FINDINGS ON CBCT BY FIELD OF VIEW AND PRESENCE OR ABSENCE ON 2D IMAGES

BACKGROUND It has been well documented that the frequency of incidental findings in cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans is relatively high. These incidental findings range from low to high significance. Research has shown that many of these findings are not detected on 2D computed tomography or CBCT. CBCT scans vary from small to large field of view (FOV). One strategy to reduce the number of incidental findings and liability is to decrease the FOV. OBJECTIVE(S) The aim of this study was to record what significant incidental findings can be seen on 2D intraoral imaging that were reported on CBCT imaging. A second aim was to compare the frequency of significant incidental findings in multiple CBCT fields of view. STUDY DESIGN CBCT reports at the University of North Carolina between 2017 and 2019 were reviewed. Reports included scans taken on the Orthophos SL 3D and 1 of 3 FOVs (5 × 5 × 6, 8 × 8 × 8, 11 × 11 × 10). A total of 170 reports for each of the 3 FOVs were used, for a total of 510 reports. For each report all significant incidental findings were recorded. Two-dimensional intraoral and panoramic images taken within 1 year of the CBCT were reviewed by 2 oral and maxillofacial radiologists to determine visibility on 2D imaging. RESULTS A total of 673 significant incidental findings were reported. The frequency of significant incidental findings changed significantly between 5 × 5 × 6 (101) and 8 × 8 × 8 (275) but did not change significantly between 8 × 8 × 8 (275) and 11 × 11 × 10 (297). The different types of incidental findings increased with all 3 FOVs. Detection frequency of incidental findings in CBCT that were also found in 2D radiographs were 5 × 5 × 6 (34%), 8 × 8 × 8 (36%), and 11 × 11 × 10 (40%). DISCUSSION/CONCLUSIONS The frequency of type of incidental findings increases with increasing FOV from 5 × 5 × 6 to 8 × 8 × 8 or 11 × 11 × 10. A large portion of incidental findings detected on CBCT are not detected on 2D imaging.
Progressive teleology

I argue for a teleological account of events in progress. Details aside, the proposal is that events in progress are teleological processes. It follows from this proposal that final causes are ubiquitous: anything happening at any time is an event with a telos.
Making Diversity Work for Everybody? The Double-Edged Sword of All-Inclusive Diversity.

Three experiments investigated how framing diversity as all-inclusive affects recognition of racial injustice. Among Whites, viewing a company mission statement that specifically included Whites/Eu...
The influence of processing factors and non-atopy-related maternal and neonate characteristics on yield and cytokine responses of cord blood mononuclear cells.

Summary Rationale Several studies have evaluated the associations between cord blood cellular responses and atopic diseases in children, but the results of these studies are inconsistent. Variations in blood processing factors and maternal and infant characteristics are typically not accounted for and may contribute to these inconsistencies. Methods Cord blood samples were obtained from 287 subjects participating in the Childhood Origins of ASThma project, a prospective study of children at high risk for the development of asthma/allergies. Mononuclear cells were stimulated with phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), phorbal myristate acetate/ionomycin or a suspension of killed staphylococcus, and IFN-γ, IL-10 and IL-13 were quantitated by ELISA. Cell yields and cytokine production were related to processing factors and maternal and infant characteristics. Results The strongest relationships between independent variables and cell yield or cytokine responses occurred with the season of birth. The highest median cell yields were seen in fall, and the lowest in summer (difference of 47%, P=0.0027). Furthermore, PHA-induced IL-5 and IL-13 responses were approximately 50% higher in spring and summer than in fall or winter (P<0.0001). Clots in the cord blood samples were associated with a reduced median cell yield (42% reduction, P<0.0001), and an increased PHA-induced IL-10 secretion (27% increase, P=0.004). Conclusions These data suggest that season of collection, and to a lesser extent clotting in samples, affect cord blood mononuclear cell yield and cytokine responses. Careful documentation and analysis of processing and environmental variables are important in understanding biological relationships with cytokine responses, and also lead to greater comparability among studies using these techniques.
Death Lore: Texas Rituals, Superstitions, and Legends of the Hereafter

Reviewed Medium: book Authors: Kenneth L. Untiedt Year: 2008 Pages: 304 Publisher: University of North Texas Press ISBN: 9781574412567 (hard cover). Prices: $36.95 USD(hard cover).
Differentialgleichungen erster Ordnung

Thema dieses Buches sind Differentialgleichungen und ihre Anwendungen. Eine Differentialgleichung stellt eine Beziehung zwischen einer Funktion und ihren Ableitungen her. Die Gleichungen $$ \frac{dy}{dt}=3{{y}^{2}}\sin\left(t+y\right) $$ (i) und $$ \frac{{{d}^{3}}y}{d{{t}^{3}}}={{e}^{-y}}+t+\frac{{{d}^{2}}y}{d{{t}^{2}}} $$ (ii) sind Beispiele von Differentialgleichungen. Die Ordnung einer Differentialgleichung ist die Ordnung der hochsten in der Gleichung vorkommenden Ableitung der Funktion y. So ist (i) eine Differentialgleichung 1. Ordnung, (ii) eine Differentialgleichung 3. Ordnung. Unter einer Losung einer Differentialgleichung versteht man eine stetige Funktion y(t), die zusammen mit ihren Ableitungen der vorgegebenen Beziehung genugt. Zum Beispiel lost die Funktion $$ y\left( t \right) = 2\sin t - \frac{1}{3}\cos 2t $$ die Differentialgleichung 2. Ordnung $$ \frac{{{d}^{2}}y}{d{{t}^{2}}}+y=\cos2t $$ , denn einfaches Nachrechnen ergibt $$ \frac{{{d^2}}}{{d{t^2}}}\left( {2\,\sin \;t - \frac{1}{3}\cos 2t} \right) + \left( {2\,\sin \;t - \frac{1}{3}\cos 2t} \right) = \left( { - 2\,\sin \;t + \frac{4}{3}\cos 2t} \right) + 2\,\sin \;t - \frac{1}{3}\cos 2t = \cos 2t $$ .
Dynamics of a wire-to-cylinder atmospheric pressure high-voltage nanosecond discharge

The dynamics of a wire-to-cylinder atmospheric pressure high-voltage nanosecond discharge is studied by the one-dimensional Particle-in-Cell Monte Carlo collisions model in cylindrical coordinates. The x-ray photons emitted from the anode are found to be inconsequential to the generation of dense plasma in the gap. Rather, the electron impact ionization resulting from acceleration of naturally occurring background electrons in the discharge gap are enough to explain the generation of high-density (∼1015 cm−3) non-equilibrium plasma. The influence of the high-voltage rise time on the plasma parameters is discussed.
Transcription and Translation: Processes and Basic Regulation

This chapter summarizes processes involved in using genetic information and synthesizing RNA and proteins. These are highly energy-intensive syntheses, and their proper regulation is very important to a cell’s competitiveness. The final section of this chapter presents basic transcription regulatory mechanisms and the concepts of the operon and regulon. Advanced regulatory topics are found in Chapter 14.
Hypoxic Regulation of Nucleus Pulposus Cell Survival : From Niche to Notch

This minireview examines the role of hypoxia, and hypoxia inducible factors (HIF-1 and HIF-2), in regulating the metabolism, function, and fate of cells of the nucleus pulposus in the intervertebral disk. We focus on the mechanisms by which both these hypoxia-sensitive transcription factors influence energy metabolism, radical dismutation, and expression of survival proteins. In addition, we discuss how cells of the nucleus respond to a number of hypoxia-sensitive proteins, including galectin-3, Akt, and VEGF. Where applicable, these discussions are extended to include the impact of these molecules and hypoxia on degenerating resident cells in the intervertebral niche. Finally, because the notch signaling pathway is responsive to hypoxia, we speculate that in the intervertebral niche, notch proteins participate in the regulation of disk precursor cell proliferation and differentiation. We predict that knowledge of each of these interactive proteins within the disk niche could be used to enhance renewal and promote differentiation and function of cells of the nucleus pulposus.
Object-oriented neurosys: Parallel programs for simulating large networks of biologically accurate neurons

Object-oriented NeuroSys is a collection of programs for simulating very large networks of biologically accurate neurons on distributed memory parallel computers. It includes two principle programs: ooNeuroSys, a parallel program for solving the systems of ordinary differential equations arising from the modelling of large networks of interconnected neurons, and Neurondiz, a parallel program for visualizing the results of ooNeuroSys. Both programs are designed to be run on clusters and use the MPI library to obtain parallelism. ooNeuroSys also includes an easy-to-use Python interface. This interface allows neuroscientists to quickly develop and test complex neuron models. Both ooNeuroSys and Neurondiz have a design that allows for both high performance and relative ease of maintenance.
Effects of Dietary Protein and Energy on Growth, Feed Conversion Efficiency and Body Composition of Tilapia aurea

The optimum dietary protein to energy (P:E) ratio for rapid and efficient gain of juvenile Tilapia aurea was shown to fall with increasing size of fish. The optimum concentration of protein and energy also fell with growth. A diet providing roughly 56% protein at 4,600 kcal/kg digestible energy (gross energy adjusted for indigestible fiber) with a P:E ratio of 123 mg potential/kcal produced highest gains of fry (2.5 g). Larger fish (7.5 g) grew most rapidly when fed a 34% protein, 3,200 kcal/kg diet with a P:E ratio of 108. Apparent feed conversion (grams of feed offered/grams of fish weight gain) was superior on diets having lower P:E ratios and was best on the 34% protein, 3,200 kcal/kg diet. Linear regression analysis indicated highly significant differences in average fish weight, condition [10(5) x weight (g)/total length (mm)3], and feed conversion efficiency attributable to changes in either protein or energy concentration. Significant interaction between protein and energy was also demonstrated. Condition and level of carcass fat were high on all diets which produced good growth rates and were inversely related to P:E ratio. Moisture and ash were inversely related to carcass fat. No trend was established for carcass protein.
The effect of related message transfer and process times on waiting times and buffer sizes in switch architectures

A node in a switch architecture is examined. The node receives messages, stores and processes them locally, and transmits them to other nodes. Both message transmission and processing times depend on the message length, which is a random variable. The node is modeled as a queue with a single server where the interarrival and service times are related, and different cases are studied where this relation ranges from direct dependence to moderate correlation. Exponential and uniform probability density functions (pdf's) are examined, and the results are compared to the independent model. A relationship is developed for the system time pdf of a message, which is used to find the system time pdf and the system state probabilities. These quantities are directly related to buffer sizes and transmission delays within the architecture. >
The contemporary management of urethral strictures in men resulting from lichen sclerosus

Lichen sclerosus (LS) is a chronic, inflammatory disease primarily involving the genital skin and urethra in males. Historically, the treatment of this common condition was a challenge due to its uncertain etiology, variable response to therapy, and predilection to recur. The etiology of LS is still debated and has been linked to autoimmune disease, infection, trauma, and genetics. Today, topical steroids are a mainstay of therapy for patients, even in the presence of advanced disease, and can induce regression of the disease. In advanced cases, surgery may be required and range from circumcision, meatoplasty, or, in the case of advanced stricture disease, urethroplasty or perineal urethrostomy. When urethroplasty is required, the use of genital skin as a graft or flap is to be avoided due to the predilection for recurrence. Surgical management should be approached only after failure of more conservative measures due to the high risk of recurrence of LS in the repaired site despite the use of buccal grafting. LS may be associated with the development of squamous cell carcinoma and for this reason, patients should undergo biopsy when LS is suspected and long-term surveillance is recommended.
Anti-Nucleic Acid Specificities of Mouse Myeloma Immunoglobulins

Three mouse myeloma immunoglobulins were shown to have antibody specificities for DNA. Two of these proteins bound denatured DNA and RNA in preference to double stranded DNA; the third was unable to distinguish them.
Unusual Manifestations of Clostridium difficile Infection

Abstract Background: Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is an increasing nosocomial problem. New, more-virulent strains of C. difficile have spread across North America and Europe. Health care institutions now face a greater incidence of disease, often with greater severity. A need for surgical management for control of infection is on the increase. The clinical appearance of CDI is changed. Methods: We report four unusual and severe cases of CDI in surgical patients with a review of the relevant literature. Results: One patient developed CDI and required a colectomy for a perforated viscus. He developed C. difficile ileitis 12 days later that responded to medical therapy. Another patient who underwent a colectomy for infrarenal aortic occlusion, later in his hospital course, developed C. difficile ileitis and died. The third patient was hospitalized for several months for hypertension and associated morbidities. Eventually he developed severe abdominal pain and was found to have a small bowel mural ab...
Reclaiming the Chinese Revolution

Focusing on the Chinese Communists' mobilizational efforts at the Anyuan coal mine in the early 1920s, the author argues for reconsidering a sometimes forgot ten part of Chinese revolutionary history. At Anyuan, idealistic young Commu nist cadres led a highly successful nonviolent strike and launched a major educational program for workers, peasants, and their families. The result was a remarkable outpouring of popular support for the Communist revolutionary effort. Although the meaning of the "Anyuan revolutionary tradition' has been obscured and distorted over the years to serve a variety of personal, politi cal, and pecuniary agendas, the author seeks to recover from its early history the possibility of alternative revolutionary paths, driven less by class struggle and cults of personality than by the quest for human dignity through grassroots organization.
Electron irradiation induced dimensional change in bismuth filled carbon nanotubes

We have produced bismuth-filled carbon nanotubes by heating solid bismuth nanoparticles with single-walled carbon nanotubes. Most of the filled nanotubes are one-dimensional nanowires with high aspect ratios. Some of the nanotubes have a second layer formed during the filling process. We have also observed nanotube structure change due to atom loss upon electron irradiation. This effect may help us understand the filling mechanism.
Fine needle aspiration diagnosis of necrotizing eosinophilic abscess clinically mimicking hepatic neoplasia: a case report.

BACKGROUND Eosinophilic hepatic pseudotumors (EHP) are known complications of visceral larva migrans (VLM). By radiologic studies, EHP can be suspicious for primary or metastatic hepatic neoplasia. Diagnosis of an EHP by fine needle aspiration (FNA) led to the diagnosis of Toxocara VLM in a patient with suspected hepatic neoplasia. CASE REPORT A 38-year-old Cambodian man had hepatitis B and chronic hepatitis with grade III portal fibrosis diagnosed in 2003. He had had negative routine alpha-fetoprotein and radiologic screening for hepatic neoplasia until 2006 when abdominal computed tomography revealed a 1.6 x 1.2-cm, ill-defined hypodense lesion in segment VII. Biopsy was recommended in order to exclude hepatocellular carcinoma. FNA of the lesion contained abundant Charcot-Leyden crystals, degenerating eosinophils and necrotic debris. Work-up for nematode larva migrans was recommended. Toxocara antigen IgG titer was significantly elevated leading to a presumptive diagnosis of VLM, and therapy for Toxocara-induced VLM was given. CONCLUSION Identification of abundant Charcot-Leyden crystals and necrotic eosinophils in an FNA of the liver led to appropriate ancillary diagnostic tests and therapy for visceral larva migrans.
The effect of ethnicity and maternal birthplace on small-for-gestational-age deliveries to HIV-infected women.

Objective To examine the relative role of ethnicity and maternal birthplace on small-for-gestational-age (SGA) deliveries of a cohort of mothers in New York who were infected with human immunodeficiency virus.
The Self-Monitoring of Expert Sport Instructors:

This study identified the major facets of professional practice monitored by expert teachers. Specifically, the skills and knowledge expert sport instructors regularly scrutinized in order to improve their teaching and coaching were categorized and examined. Data were collected from 31 teachers listed by Golf Magazine as the Top 100 Golf Instructors in America. The teachers listed aspects of their teaching they regularly monitored in assessing their own strengths and weaknesses. Data were analyzed in three steps. First, responses were reviewed to identify the characteristics monitored by the teachers. Second, characteristics grouped under each theme were reviewed and clustered into representative categories. Third, all categories were reviewed to ensure every characteristic identified by the teachers was accounted for by theme or category, and that the investigators unanimously agreed to the coding of each characteristic. From this process, five themes were constructed that represented the activities and ...
Distributed network localization using angle-of-arrival information Part II: Discrete-time algorithm and error analysis

In this paper, we propose a discrete-time distributed algorithm for network localization based on angle-of-arrival (AOA) measurements. This algorithm can be viewed as a special case of the averaging consensus algorithm in the two-dimensional space. We also analyze the localization error under inaccurate anchor positions and angles measurements and provide approximate formulae for the error terms. The effectiveness of our localization algorithm and error assessment tools is demonstrated through numerical examples. The main contribution of our paper lies in the theoretical framework for analyzing AOA-based localization processes as well as assessing localization error.
Ethnography for Teacher Education

Preservice teachers are faced with many challenges when observing elementary classrooms and often jump to critical evaluation based on too little evidence. The authors wondered if preservice teachers could use observation methods from ethnography and sociolinguistics to delay their evaluations and interpretations of classroom practice and see from an insider’s perspective. The authors developed a study in which 42 preservice teachers learned how to observe through this approach and then observed 22 elementary teachers with fieldnotes and interviews. Classroom discourse was central to the research as observers recorded the “talk” during writing instruction. By analyzing the notes, interviews, and summaries, the authors found that preservice teachers were able to record talk and action in classrooms without critical evaluations. They used quotes from fieldnotes as evidence for their interpretations of what was happening. Their summaries included discussions of how discourse shapes instructional events and h...
ME/CFS and Blastocystis spp or Dientamoeba fragilis, an in-house comparison.

In their Global Health editorial BJGP (October) on exotic infections, Behrens and Coltart did not mention the more mundane high prevalence of protozoal infections in warmer climates.1 We caught the anaerobic protozoa Blastocystis spp and Dientamoeba fragilis in Burma, however they are already common in UK, but little known to practitioners. Blastocystis was the most common enteric parasite (6.9%) found in routine stool samples in a study in Wales2 and D. fragilis was found in up to 16.9% of samples submitted to alternative practitioners.3 However, the detection …
Investigation of the Reaction of Poly(styryl)lithium with Propylene Oxide

The room-temperature functionalization reaction between poly(styryl)lithium and propylene oxide in benzene was studied. The functionalized polymer was characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and APT-13C NMR. 13C-methyl-labeled propylene oxide-functionalized polystyrene was also synthesized and characterized. Hydroxylated polystyrene was obtained in only 93% yield, but with high regioselectivity (97% of addition of the anionic chain-end to the least substituted carbon of the propylene oxide ring) and no oligomerization. The lower than quantitative yield was ascribed to the proton-transfer reaction of poly(styryl)lithium from the methyl group of propylene oxide, which formed unfunctionalized polystyrene.
Treatment of ADHD With Stimulant Medications: Response to Nissen Perspective in The New England Journal of Medicine

Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry - Vol. 45 - N° 10 - p. 1147-1150
Stereoscopic particle image velocimetry applied to liquid flows

A twin-camera stereoscopic system has been developed to extend conventional high image-density Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) to three-dimensional vectors on planar domains. The stereoscopic velocimeter performs with extremely high accuracy. Translation tests have yielded errors (rms) of 0.2% of full-scale for the in-plane displacement, and 0.8% of full-scale for the out-of-plane component, both of which agree with the errors predicted by an uncertainty analysis. In addition, modified techniques in hardware and software have enabled the stereoscopic system to perform successfully when acquiring images through a thick liquid layer, wherein previously the aberrations arising due to the liquid-air interface have restricted the use of such systems. With these techniques, the stereoscopic system, in combination with a simple method for image-shifting, is able to accurately measure threedimensional velocity fields in liquids. This is demonstrated by measurements of the helical, three-dimensional flow induced by a rotating disk in glycerine.
Differences in Bullying Victimization Between Students With and Without Disabilities

Abstract Prevalence rates for bullying victimization among children with disabilities have varied greatly in the research literature. Two reasons for such variability were the focus of this study: (a) rates vary as a function of disability type, and (b) rates vary based on the bullying measure and criteria used to classify students as bullying victims. The sample consisted of 1,027 parents or guardians of children with disabilities and 11,500 parents or guardians of children without disabilities who reported the frequency with which their children experienced bullying in general and 12 specific behaviors associated with verbal, physical, and social–relational bullying. Prevalence rates and odds ratios (ORs) differed considerably based not only on disability type but also on the classification criteria used. For both conceptual and practical reasons, it is recommended that bullying victims be considered those who experience bullying-related behaviors frequently and repetitively as opposed to only sometimes.
Biometrics via IR spectroscopy of the epidermis: potential and difficulties

We discuss the potential and difficulties of using infrared (IR) spectroscopy of the human epidermis as a biometric. We present preliminary data on the fingerpads of 9 individuals demonstrating the potential for uniqueness and stability. We also present data on the challenges presented by complications such as sebum changes, intra-individual location variability, and skin care products.
Sexual Prejudice among Christian College Students, Denominational Teachings, and Personal Religious Beliefs

Although numerous studies have examined the role of religious tradition and religiosity on attitudes toward lesbian, gay, and bisexual people, the role of endorsement of denominational teachings has largely been overlooked, even though such teachings are often cited to explain study findings. To better understand the complex relationship between religion and sexual prejudice, this study explores the unique contributions of religious tradition, religiosity, and individual endorsement of denominational doctrine about same-sex sexuality in shaping these attitudes. Findings indicate that endorsement of denominational doctrine concerning same-sex sexuality is more influential than religiosity, and that endorsement of denominational doctrine is not simply a proxy for believing that same-sex sexuality is a sin. Implications for future research are discussed.
Binding of a phenethyl ester analogue of cholecystokinin to the solubilized pancreatic cholecystokinin receptor: use in ligand-affinity chromatography.

Abstract Pancreatic acinar cells have both high and low affinity receptors for cholecystokinin (CCK), yet their membranes appear to possess only a single class of binding sites. Recently, gallbladder membrane CCK receptors were shown to undergo inter-conversion between two affinity states dependent on G protein coupling (1). Keys for that observation were the differential binding affinities of CCK and a phenethyl ester analogue of CCK (OPE), with the high affinity state binding CCK with higher affinity than OPE, and the low affinity state binding OPE with higher affinity than CCK. Here, we performed analogous experiments using these ligands and both pancreatic membranes and a solubilized preparation. Both preparations were found to have only single affinity states of this receptor. However, the state on membranes had a higher affinity for CCK than for OPE, and that on the solubilized preparation had a higher affinity for OPE than for CCK. This supports the hypothesis that the ternary complex of ligand-receptor-G protein found in membranes represents the high affinity state of this receptor, while the uncoupled form of this receptor after solubilization represents its low affinity state. The high affinity of OPE for the solubilized receptor can be utilized in a purification strategy to follow receptor-bearing fractions and to provide an efficient and specific affinity-binding step.
Cell lines with heterogeneous phenotypes result from a single isolation of albumin-sv40 T-antigen transgenic rat hepatocytes

Several immortalized cell lines were established from the livers of two transgenic rats expressing the simian virus protein large T antigen under the control of the albumin promoter. Hepatocytes from transgenic rats were isolated by a two-step perfusion procedure from a normal-appearing liver and from a liver that contained a single neoplasm. Cells were also isolated from the dissociated liver neoplasm. After 5 weeks in culture, cell colonies were isolated and subcloned as individual cell lines. Electron microscopy revealed that all cell lines had a high nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio compared with normal hepatocytes. The cytoplasm contained numerous organelles, including smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi, mitochondria, peroxisomes, and annulate lamellae. However, the lines exhibited a variety of different cell morphologies. All cell lines, including those derived from neoplastic cells, exhibited a similar doubling time of 26 hours and the ability to grow in soft agar. Northern blot analysis revealed that the cell lines differentially expressed hepatocyte markers. Large T antigen was expressed in the cultured cell lines at much higher levels than was observed in transgenic hepatocytes in vivo. This suggests that the viral protein is required to maintain cell viability in culture. In addition, the tumor suppressor proteins, p53 and Rbp105, were detected in all cultured cell lines. In contrast, these same proteins were not detected by Western blot in transgenic hepatocytes in vivo. All cell lines expressed the oncogene c-myc, yet growth factor-dependent and independent growth were observed. The data presented show for the first time the establishment and characterization of a number of cell lines derived from hepatocytes isolated from an alb-SV40 large T-antigen transgenic rat. These cell lines exhibited varied morphological and biochemical hepatocellular characteristics in vitro, suggesting that the expression of the transgene in hepatocytes leads to considerable phenotypic diversity analogous to that seen in hepatocellular carcinomas induced by chemical carcinogenesis.
Subject-model sexual status and observer performance

Four groups of 10 Ss each were instructed to say words intermittently with the taped voice of a male or female model (M). Ten male and 10 female Ss were exposed to each M. All four groups showed significant increases in the critical response class, animal words, as the frequency of animal words spoken by the taped Ms increased. There were no significant effects due to the sex of the Ss or sex of the M; a reliable interaction between the two variables was found.
Pathobiologic findings in DCIS of the breast: morphologic features, angiogenesis, HER-2/neu and hormone receptors.

With the increasing incidence of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast and its relationship to invasive breast carcinoma, it is important to understand the biology of this entity. We report on a hospital-based survey of 219 case subjects with DCIS of the breast without associated invasive carcinoma diagnosed between 1982 and 1994. The cases of DCIS were analyzed for architectural type, size, nuclear grade, necrosis, calcification, periductal fibrosis, neovascularization, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and HER-2/neu expression. Periductal neovascularization was associated with tumor size, microcalcifications, periductal fibrosis, and HER-2/neu overexpression. Expression of ER and PR was observed in 60 and 62% of the cases, respectively, and HER-2/neu overexpression in 28% of the cases. ER and PR expression were both inversely associated with comedo histology and nuclear grade. HER-2/neu overexpression was positively associated with comedo histology, high nuclear grade, and periductal neovascularization and was inversely correlated with both ER and PR expression. High nuclear grade was positively associated with comedocarcinoma, necrosis, microcalcification, and periductal fibrosis. The role of these molecular/pathologic markers in the biology of DCIS and their potential clinical implications are discussed.
Clothing interest, clothing satisfaction and self perceptions of sociability, emotional stability, and dominance

This study was aimed at examining clothing interest as a mediating factor in self-perceptions of sociability, emotional stability, and dominance when either satisfaction or dissatisfaction with clothing was specified. A questionnaire was designed to measure 5 dimensions of clothing interest as well as each of the 3 traits both with, and without, a clothing satisfaction variable, or reference to whether the participant felt satisfied or dissatisfied with her dress. Analysis revealed that specific dimensions of clothing interest suggesting a risk-avoiding orientation toward dress were most likely to mediate self-perceptions of sociability, emotional stability, and dominance when one was either satisfied or dissatisfied with one’s clothing.
Update Procedures and the 1-Consistency of Arithmetic

The 1-consistency of arithmetic is shown to be equivalent to the existence of fixed points of a certain type of update procedure, which is implicit in the epsilon-substitution method.
A monoclonal antibody reactive with a second epitope of the 67,000-dalton human T cell antigen

Abstract Hybridomas were produced against the T-cell CLL* derived-cell line, SKW3, by the fusion of hyperimmune spleen cells with P3* myeloma cells. One clone, designated DU-SKW3-1, was shown to produce a murine IgG 2b antibody reactive with an antigen expressed on normal thymocytes and peripheral blood T cells. This antigen was not detected on human B cells, erythrocytes, monocytes, granulocytes, or platelets. DU-SKW3-1 also reacted with T-ALL, T-CLL, and B-CLL cells, but did not react with common ALL or acute myelocytic or monocytic leukemias. Immunoprecipitation of lactoperoxidase-iodinated, detergent-solubilized PBL demonstrated that DU-SKW3-1 reacted with a protein with an apparent mass of 67,000 daltons (p67), which had identical mobilty to the antigen precipitated by L17F12. Cocapping experiments suggested that DU-SKW3-1 and L17F12 detected the same molecule; however, DU-SKW3-1 was unable to block the binding of L17F12. In addition, DU-SKW3-1 reacted with the T lymphocytes of both the great apes and old world monkeys, in contrast to L17F12 and two other p67 monoclonals, T101 and 10.2, which reacted only with the cells of the great apes. This data suggests that DU-SKW3-1 may react with a second, less phylogenetically restricted epitope on the p67 T cell-/CLL-associated molecule.
Hell Despite Vagueness: A Response to Sider

Ted Sider argues that a binary afterlife is inconsistent with a proportionally just God because no just criterion for placing persons in such an afterlife exists. I provide a possible account whereby God can remain proportionally just and allow a binary afterlife. On my account, there is some maximum amount of people God can allow into Heaven without sacrificing some greater good. God gives to all people at least their due but chooses to allow some who do not deserve Heaven to enter out of grace. Although this model implies a precise cutoff between those who enter Heaven and those who do not, I have argued that there is a precise point where God best serves justice and some greater good. Although God’s actions may appear arbitrary and ‘whimsically generous,’ it is merely because we are ignorant of the precise cutoff point that best serves his purposes.
ROTATIONAL MAGNETIC MOMENTS OF DIATOMIC ALKALIS

The rotational magnetic moments of H/sub 2/, Li/sub 2/, Na/sub 2/, K/sub 2/, Rb/sub 2/, and Cs/sub 2/ were measured by a method that produces a series of quantum transitions that lead to large net changes of magnetic moments. Measurements of these rotational magnetic moments were previously impossible due to the smallness of the gyromagnetic ratios. (C.E.S.)
Inhibiting sulfate-reducing bacteria in biofilms by expressing the antimicrobial peptides indolicidin and bactenecin

To identify novel, less-toxic compounds capable of inhibiting sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), Desulfovibrio vulgaris and Desulfovibrio gigas in suspension cultures were exposed to several antimicrobial peptides. The bacterial peptide antimicrobials gramicidin S, gramicidin D, and polymyxin B as well as the cationic peptides indolicidin and bactenecin from bovine neutrophils decreased the viability of both SRB by 90% after a 1-h exposure at concentrations of 25–100 μg ml−1. To reduce corrosion by inhibiting SRB in biofilms, the genes for indolicidin and bactenecin were expressed in Bacillus subtilisBE1500 and B. subtilis WB600 under the control of the constitutive alkaline protease (apr) promoter, and the antimicrobials were secreted into the culture medium using the apr signal sequence. Bactenecin was also synthesized and expressed as a fusion to the pro-region of barnase from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. Concentrated culture supernatants of B. subtilis BE1500 expressing bactenecin at 3 μg ml−1 decreased the viability of Escherichia coli BK6 by 90% and the reference SRB D. vulgaris by 83% in suspension cultures. B. subtilis BE1500 and B. subtilis WB600 expressing bactenecin in biofilms also inhibited the SRB-induced corrosion of 304 stainless steel six to 12-fold in continuous reactors as evidenced by the lack of change in the impedance spectra (resistance polarization) upon addition of SRB and by the reduction in hydrogen sulfide and iron sulfide in batch fermentations with mild steel. A 36-fold decrease in the population of D. vulgaris in a B. subtilis BE1500 biofilm expressing bactenecin was also observed. This is the first report of an antimicrobial produced in a biofilm for in vivo applications and represents the first application of a beneficial, genetically-engineered biofilm for combating corrosion.
Effects of experimental endogenous hyperlipemia on circulating leukocytes and erythrocytes.

Effects of hyperlipemia on circulating leukocytes and erythrocytes were studied in dogs which were given repeated, intravenous injections of a nonionic detergent, Triton WR-1339.Erythrocyte lipid concentrations increased from 3.6+/-0.9 mg/10(10) cells in control animals to 9.3+/-1.5 mg in the hyperlipemic group. This increase was accompanied by a shift in the distribution of total fatty acids toward a higher percentage of saturated and monounsaturated acids. In contrast to the changes observed in erythrocytes, the leukocyte lipid content remained unaltered in dogs with serum cholesterol levels ranging from 500 to more than 2,000 mg/100 ml. Leukocyte counts rose whereas hematocrit values, hemoglobin concentrations, and erythrocyte counts decreased. Oxygen utilization studies showed no significant metabolic differences between leukocytes which were isolated from hyperlipemic or control animals. Circulating leukocytes in dogs with an endogenously induced hyperlipemia were shown therefore to maintain normal lipid concentrations and did not participate in lipophage formation, as reported for certain diet-induced lipemias.