cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Prompts within Embedded Circumscribed Interests to Teach Initiating Joint Attention in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders

Joint attention occurs when two people engage in eye contact, verbalizations, or gestures between each other and a common object for the purpose of social interaction. Interventions which embedded participant’s circumscribed interests (i.e., specific topics or themes of abnormal intensity) in materials found increases in joint attention without direct intervention. Previous joint attention intervention successfully taught three children with autism to respond to others’ joint attention directives using interventions with circumscribed interest-related materials. However, initiating joint attention and generalization across materials and settings were not addressed. The current study investigated the effectiveness of prompt fading and reinforcement while engaging in circumscribed interest-related activities on initiating joint attention for three children with autism. All children acquired joint attention initiations; however, only two did so while engaging with circumscribed interest-related materials. Participants demonstrated variable generalization across activities, partners, and settings. Parents reported declines in circumscribed interest-related social interference from pre- to post-intervention. Results suggest teaching joint attention initiations using circumscribed interest-related materials to teach joint attention initiations may be an effective strategy for some children with autism. Future research implications are discussed.
Safety and feasibility of oral immunotherapy to multiple allergens for food allergy.

Background: Thirty percent of children with food allergy are allergic to more than one food. Previous studies on oral immunotherapy (OIT) for food allergy have focused on the administration of a single allergen at the time. This study aimed at evaluating the safety of a modified OIT protocol using multiple foods at one time. Methods: Participants underwent double-blind placebo-controlled food challenges (DBPCFC) up to a cumulative dose of 182 mg of food protein to peanut followed by other nuts, sesame, dairy or egg. Those meeting inclusion criteria for peanut only were started on single-allergen OIT while those with additional allergies had up to 5 foods included in their OIT mix. Reactions during dose escalations and home dosing were recorded in a symptom diary. Results: Forty participants met inclusion criteria on peanut DBPCFC. Of these, 15 were mono-allergic to peanut and 25 had additional food allergies. Rates of reaction per dose did not differ significantly between the two groups (median of 3.3% and 3.7% in multi and single OIT group, respectively; p = .31). In both groups, most reactions were mild but two severe reactions requiring epinephrine occurred in each group. Dose escalations progressed similarly in both groups although, per protocol design, those on multiple food took longer to reach equivalent doses per food (median +4 mo.; p < .0001). Conclusions: Preliminary data show oral immunotherapy using multiple food allergens simultaneously to be feasible and relatively safe when performed in a hospital setting with trained perso nnel. Additional, larger, randomized studies are required to continue to test safety and efficacy of multi-OIT. Trial registration: Clinicaltrial.gov NCT01490177 Keyword: Food allergy, Oral immunotherapy (OIT), Specific oral tolerance induction (SOTI), Multiple, Safety, Efficacy
Intergenerational preferences and sensitivity to the present

This paper discusses the existence of binary relations on the set of intergenerational welfare paths in an infinite horizon setting. We show that any binary relation that satisfies anonymity and sup norm continuity is not sensitive to changes in welfare levels of the present generations. This result generalizes the impossibility theorems by Diamond [Econometrica 33 (1965) 170-177] and Sakai [Social Choice and Welfare, 16 (2003) 176-167].
On the Designs and Challenges of Practical Binary Dirty Paper Coding

We propose a practical scheme for binary dirty-paper channels. By exploiting the concept of random binning instead of superposition coding, the complexity of the system is greatly reduced. For comparison, the existing approaches require one of the native codes to be of non-uniform a priori distribution, which is generally achieved by combining a symbol mapper and high-order-alphabet low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes. Using high-order alphabets increases significantly the complexity and the resulting method is not flexible for designing systems of practical channel parameters. In contrast, we propose to implement the random binning concept using only binary LDPC and binary convolutional codes. In this work, some design challenges of this random binning approach are identified and addressed. Our systems are optimized by the joint use of density evolution (DE) and the extrinsic information transfer (EXIT) analysis. Simulation results using practical Quasi-Cyclic LDPC codes show that our system achieves similar performance to the state-of-the-art, high-order-alphabet LDPC-based systems while demonstrating significant advantages in terms of complexity and flexibility of system design.
A factor analysis of personality scales including the Buss-Durkee hostility inventory.

(1962). A Factor Analysis of Personality Scales Including the Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory. The Journal of General Psychology: Vol. 66, No. 2, pp. 179-183.
Nitrogen mineralization-immobilization response to field N or C perturbations: an evaluation of a theoretical model.

Abstract N (as ammonium sulfate) or C (as a sucrose-sawdust mixture) were added to plots in two Douglas-fir stands. Perturbation response was measured as the difference between net N mineralization potentials of perturbed plots and potentials of associated control plots on five occasions during the subsequent 2 yr. In 5 out of 8 comparisons, N-dynamics demonstrated one or more oscillations between net mineralization and net immobilization. Thus, immobilization or net mineralization could be detected after addition of N or C dependent upon the time and frequency of sampling. This suggests that the status of the substrate relative to energy or nutrient limitations largely determines the response to perturbation, and that frequent sampling after perturbation is necessary to describe N-dynamics.
Wireless sensor networks for personal health monitoring: Issues and an implementation

Recent technological advances in sensors, low-power integrated circuits, and wireless communications have enabled the design of low-cost, miniature, lightweight, and intelligent physiological sensor nodes. These nodes, capable of sensing, processing, and communicating one or more vital signs, can be seamlessly integrated into wireless personal or body networks (WPANs or WBANs) for health monitoring. These networks promise to revolutionize health care by allowing inexpensive, non-invasive, continuous, ambulatory health monitoring with almost real-time updates of medical records via the Internet. Though a number of ongoing research efforts are focusing on various technical, economic, and social issues, many technical hurdles still need to be resolved in order to have flexible, reliable, secure, and power-efficient WBANs suitable for medical applications. This paper discusses implementation issues and describes the authors' prototype sensor network for health monitoring that utilizes off-the-shelf 802.15.4 compliant network nodes and custom-built motion and heart activity sensors. The paper presents system architecture and hardware and software organization, as well as the authors' solutions for time synchronization, power management, and on-chip signal processing.
Educational Transformations and Why Sociology Should Care

Contemporary educational institutions are undergoing simultaneous and contradictory transformations in decentralization and standardization. Such change should force us to step back from the schoolhouse doors, examine the institution of education more broadly, and delineate the ways in which it intersects with other institutional domains. Neo-liberal logics are pushing politicians and educators to embrace “local control” of schooling in the form of charter schools and homeschooling. Conversely, standardization in curriculum and teaching to the test are rampant. In this article, I highlight these contradictory educational pulls and call for scholars across specialty areas to collect pertinent data, generate new and synthetic theoretical frameworks, and embed our understanding of education in broader institutional, organizational, and political concerns.
Enabling static security vulnerability analysis in PHP applications for novice developers with SSVChecker

Web-based systems pervade our society, supporting business-critical applications frequently requesting/storing customer's personal information, necessitating increasingly higher levels of information assurance. Novice web programmers, with little or no secure programming skills, unknowingly develop web applications ripe with security vulnerabilities, thus compromising the integrity of the application. As a result, a number of static analysis security tools have been developed to flag potential security vulnerabilities. Yet, these tools are difficult to use, divorced from the software integrated development environments (IDE) and remain unknown to novice developers. This paper contributes an Eclipse plugin that enables static analysis of PHP source code using existing tools directly within a common IDE to enable novice developers to build more secure web applications. We make two claims for the extension of SSVChecker. First, it seamlessly embeds into a common IDE making it easy/familiar to use for novice developers. Second, it provides functionality leveraging multiple tools to reduce reported false positives and better focus novice developers on potential security vulnerabilities. To demonstrate these claims, we use SSVChecker on a popular, open source, PHP-based web application with known security vulnerabilities.
Neuronal and glial changes in the rat phrenic nucleus occurring within hours after spinal cord injury.

The present study describes specific morphological changes in the normal ultrastructure of the rat phrenic nucleus which occur within 4 hours after an ipsilateral spinal cord hemisection rostral to the nucleus. Phrenic neurons were identified at EM levels by retrograde HRP labeling. Ultrastructural features of the phrenic nucleus in uninjured animals and at 4 hours and 1, 2, and 4 days after injury were qualitatively analyzed and then quantitated with a computerized morphometric system. Our results indicated that by 4 hours posthemisection, there was a significant increase in the number of double synapses. Furthermore, the number of double synapses remained significantly higher than normal at all the other posthemisection periods. A significant increase in the length of dendrodendritic membrane appositions was also noted as early as 4 hours posthemisection. The mean normal appositional length of 1.42 ± 0.09 μm increased to 1.89 ± 0.12 μm at 4 hours and further increased to 2.20 ± 0.20 μm by 1 day posthemisection. The increase in the length of membrane appositions was most likely due to an active retraction of astroglial processes from their normal position in between the dendrites. Although there was an increase in the mean length of the dendrodendritic appositions, the mean percentage of the appositions (expressed as the total number of appositions divided by the total number of dendrites in each sample) was not increased significantly over normal values during the early posthemisection periods. By 2 and 4 days posthemisection, however, the percentage of dendrodendritic appositions increased to significantly higher values than normal. Normally, 4.68 ± 0.69% of the dendrites in the phrenic nucleus were found to be in apposition, and this number increased significantly to 7.27 ± 1.06% by 2 days and 7.46 ± 0.79% by 4 days posthemisection. At these later posthemisection periods, the mean length of the appositions decreased to levels which were no longer significantly higher than normal. A distribution analysis of the length of each dendrodendritic apposition in both the normal and spinal hemisected rats showed that there were more dendrodendritic appositions in the phrenic nucleus at the later posthemisection periods. It also showed that their mean length was decreased because many of the new appositions were relatively short. The above neuronal and glial alterations of the phrenic nucleus have never before been described as a response to injury of the mammalian spinal cord. Furthermore, the possibility that the above changes could represent the morphological substrate for the unmasking of functionally ineffective synapses in our spinal cord injury model is discussed.
Antecedents And Consequences Of Role Perceptions: A Path Analytic Approach

The antecedents and consequences of role perceptions (role clarity and role conflict) are examined using path analysis. Employees with realistic perceptions of the organization experienced increased role clarity, less role conflict, and tended to be more satisfied. Those individuals who perceived a sense of fit, or congruence, were more likely to adjust to the work environment in a positive way. They experienced increased job satisfaction. Role conflict, in turn, was associated with reduced job satisfaction. Increased role clarity results in better job performance and less role conflict. Finally, increased job satisfaction led to increased job commitment.
How much ablation to eliminate atrial fibrillation: Is less more, or is more more?

There has been continual improvement in catheter ablation for symptomatic atrial fibrillation (AF) over the past 15 years. For patients with paroxysmal AF, the single-procedure success rate increased from approximately 30% in 2003 to 70% in 2010. Single-procedure outcomes for persistent AF during that time frame showed less improvement, from approximately 30% to 55%, and long-standing persistent AF showed virtually no improvement over time and was stuck at about 30% to 40%. When things are not going well, ablationists always seem to want to do more rather than figure out how to do better with less. When strokes and neurologic events occur in the periablation period, ablationists give more anticoagulation or use uninterrupted anticoagulation, even though we have demonstrated the procedures can be performed safely with less anticoagulation and with interrupted anticoagulation. Similarly, given the generally poorer outcomes the more persistent the AF, until recently, the trend has been to do more rather than less ablation. For persistent AF, the stepwise approach was introduced approximately 10 years ago. After pulmonary vein isolation (PVI), a strategy of continuing to burn until AF organized or preferably broke seemed to improve outcome. It was assumed that the better outcome in the patients whose AF organized or broke was attributable to the additional ablation and substrate modification. However, it is possible that patients whose AF organizes or breaks with ablation have less abnormal substrate or an easier-to-eliminate AF and are going to have a better outcome regardless of what or how much is ablated. After almost 10 years of many, if not most, ablationists performing very extensive ablation for persistent AF, 3 recently reported randomized trials have questioned the value of such extensive ablation. In the 2C3L study, PVI, a left atrial roof line, a mitral isthmus line, and a caval tricuspid isthmus line were performed in all patients. Patients were then randomized to no additional ablation or to extensive ablation of complex fractionated atrial electrograms until the arrhythmia broke or they had been undergoing ablation for an additional hour. There was a nonstatistically significant trend in favor of better outcomes
What is Distinctive in (Our Views about) Models & Modelling Perspectives on Mathematics Problem Solving, Learning, and Teaching?

What is the nature of typical problem-solving situations where elementary-but-powerful mathematical constructs and conceptual systems are needed for success beyond school in a technology-based age of information? What kind of “mathematical thinking” is emphasized in these situations? What does it mean to “understand” the most important ideas and abilities that are needed in the preceding situations? How do these competencies develop? What can be done to facilitate development? How can we document and assess the most important achievements that are needed: (i) for informed citizenship, or (ii) for successful participation in the increasingly wide range of professions that are becoming heavy users of mathematics, science, and technology?
When the Saints Go Marching In: Legal Consciousness and Prison Experiences of Conscientious Objectors to Military Service in Israel

Legal consciousness literature has, in recent years, highlighted the significance law holds for people in everyday life. This paper questions the universality of law's relevance by portraying the way in which convicted conscientious objectors to military service in Israel viewed their trial and their prison experiences. Based on in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 15 conscientious objectors, the paper shows that they elect to exit the legal framework for perceiving their trial and sentence, and opt instead to view the entire experience through extra-legal prisms: as a game, an experiment and an experience. Based on these findings, the paper offers a broadened framework for legal consciousness research.
Opening the Nuremberg Trial: The Moment of November 20, 1945

On November 20, 1945, the International Military Tribunal (IMT), created by the victorious World War II Allied powers, began criminal trial proceedings in Nuremberg in the Allied-occupied former Germany. This first and only international Nuremberg trial involved twenty-one individual defendants and six organizations that had been leading parts of Nazi Germany’s government and war-waging.On November 20, 2015, the 70th anniversary of the start of the Nuremberg trial, the city of Nuremberg hosted in the trial site, Palace of Justice Courtroom 600, a discussion among three men who worked there during 1945-46. Dr. Yves Beigbeder served as an assistant to French judge Henri Donnedieu de Vabres. Father Moritz Fuchs was the bodyguard of United States Chief of Counsel Robert H. Jackson. Dr. George Sakheim was an interpreter and translator in the Interrogation Division, U.S. Office of Chief of Counsel.These introductory remarks preceded the panel discussion. I describe some of the dimensions, including military power, political decision making, legal concepts, personalities and logistics, that led the Allies to the Nuremberg courtroom in November 1945.
Effects of dietary resistant starch content on metabolic status, milk composition, and microbial profiling in lactating sows and on offspring performance.

In the present study, the effects of dietary resistant starch (RS) content on serum metabolite and hormone concentrations, milk composition, and faecal microbial profiling in lactating sows, as well as on offspring performance was investigated. Sixteen sows were randomly allotted at breeding to two treatments containing low- and high-RS contents from normal and high-amylose corn varieties, respectively, and each treatment had eight replicates (sows). Individual piglet body weight (BW) and litter size were recorded at birth and weaning. Milk samples were obtained on day 10 after farrowing for composition analysis. On day 2 before weaning, blood and faecal samples were collected to determine serum metabolite and hormone concentrations and faecal microbial populations, respectively. Litter size at birth and weaning were not influenced (p > 0.05) by the sow dietary treatments. Although feeding the RS-rich diet to sows reduced (p = 0.004) offspring birth BW, there was no difference in piglet BW at weaning (p > 0.05). High-RS diet increased (p < 0.05) serum triacylglycerol and nonesterified fatty acid concentrations and milk total solid content, and tended (p = 0.09) to increase milk fat content in lactating sows. Feeding the RS-rich diet to sows increased (p < 0.01) faecal bacterial population diversity. These results indicate that high-RS diets induce fatty acid mobilization and a greater intestinal bacterial richness in lactating sows, as well as a greater nutrient density in maternal milk, without affecting offspring performance at weaning.
ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY OF MELISSA OFFICINALIS (LEMON BALM) EXTRACT.

SummaryHot-water extracts of the plant Melissa officinalis (lemon balm herb), when injected into embryonated eggs, protect them against the lethal action of Semliki Forest, Newcastle, vaccinia, and herpes simplex viruses. Plaques produced by these viruses in chick embryo cell monolayers can be suppressed by applying melissa extract-impregnated antibiotic-sensitivity discs to the agar overlay surface. Injection of 10% gelatin into eggs before or after injection of melissa extract largely eliminates the antiviral effect. Melissa extracts precipitate gelatin and the antiviral activity can be recovered from the precipitate. It is suggested that the active moiety is a tannin or tannin-like polyphenol that perhaps acts at the cell surface.
Evaluation of the Intestinal Colonizing Potential and Immunomodulating Capacity of Lactobacilli Microspheres.

Lactobacilli species get degraded by acidic conditions in the stomach. Thus, the objective of this study was to (1) formulate and characterize gastro-resistant Lactobacilli microspheres and (2) evaluate the ability of Lactobacilli microspheres to colonize the intestine and their capacity to have an immunomodulating effect in vivo. The product yield and the encapsulation efficiency were 45% and 100%, respectively. The average microsphere particle size was 5 μm. Lactobacilli microspheres were most stable at 4°C and showed a better suspendibility in distilled water. Without encapsulation, the viability of bacteria decreased within 30 min. In the case of Lactobacilli microspheres, no Lactobacilli were released in the first 3 h, and highest release was observed at 4 h, thus, suggesting the significance of encapsulation of Lactobacilli. Lactobacilli microspheres maintained intestinal colonization only during the dosing period, and the serum IgG, serum IgA, fecal, intestinal, nasal IgA, and the serum interleukin-1β levels were higher in the Lactobacilli microsphere group compared with the blank microsphere and the lactobacilli solution group, suggesting that the Lactobacilli microspheres were more gastro-resistant and, hence, showed positive effects compared with the Lactobacilli solution. However, the Lactobacilli microspheres did not have a significant effect on the tumor necrosis factor-α levels.
Investigation of Factors That Affect Excited-State Lifetime Distribution of Dye-Sensitized Nanoparticle Films

We investigate the influence of potential determining ions and applied electric potentials on the excited-state lifetime distribution of sensitized TiO2 nanoparticle films by using time-correlated ...
Calendar life accelerated testing & evaluation of lithium iron phosphate battery

The prediction method of battery cycle life and the accelerated testing of battery calendar life were studied based on lithium iron phosphate battery system.The capacity was fade with cycle number followed a 1/2 power function path.The accelerated calendar life testing way was studied and established based on capacity attenuation model at different temperature.The prediction period of battery life was shortened and the prediction cost was cut by the accelerated evaluation model with high precision.
The Review of Organic Synthesis under Supercritical Condition

The recent achievements in application of supercritical fluids, as a new reaction system in organic synthesis ,such as catalytic hydrogenation, Diels-Alder reaction, cyclic reaction, Fischer-Tropsch reaction, Friedel-Crafts reaction, esterification, oxidation, alkylation, arrangement, hydrolysis etc. were reviewed. Many references of latest ten years were covered. It has great potential application in green chemical reaction.
Mirror, mirror on the wall.

Without a longitudinal and careful analysis of the publication and funding history of our discipline, my comments on what I wrote about research in 1980 must necessarily be impressionistic. Also, I am biased by personal experience related to teaching, practice, and research in the southeast region of the country and by my focus on certain clinical and educational fields. Consistent federal and foundation support for faculty development and fellowship programs has played a substantial role in increasing the discipline’s understanding of the research enterprise, uncovered a number of research “stars,” led to greater academic productivity in general, and produced a cadre of career researchers. Many of these people are now nationally recognized for their work and sit, with other disciplines, at policy-making and funding tables. In contrast to this success, there is an increasing gulf between family medicine researchers and their clinician/teacher peers. This may be sad, but it is also inevitable in the current health care climate. The pressure for clinical productivity, combined with the increasingly regulated teaching requirements and bureaucracy of government agencies, form a dark cloud over residency programs, which are unable to pay attention to much outside their immediate challenges. Consequently, family medicine researchers will be less likely to collaborate with their clinical colleagues and more likely to publish their work with associates from other disciplines, often in nonfamily medicine journals. The promise of research from practice networks has only been partly fulfilled. I believe this is a direct result of the inherent instability of the health care system, where restructuring, practice buyouts, and increasingly transient loyalty and mobility of patients dim the prospects of practice-based research. Yet, evidence of the effectiveness of a range of disease management or health services interventions would be one of the most useful targets for our discipline. Hope remains that some form of stable managed care system that covers large population groups will enable family medicine to undertake research in its true arena—the community. With the pressures of clinical accountability, patient satisfaction needs, and a focus on evidence-based medicine and practice guidelines, I think the days of encouraging “organized curiosity” among our residents and colleagues in community practice are over. As shown by the American Academy of Family Physicians research initiative, we must look to developing the “star” system and give talented researchers the tools, resources, and environment to succeed. Meanwhile, as they develop their ideas and programs, we must hope that these stars will retain the philosophy, tolerance, and broad view of their family medicine origins.
Bardic Influences on Gaelic Devotional Practices: The Cult of the Saints in Late Medieval Ireland

If the corpus of late medieval devotional literature clearly indicates the dominant role of the bardic elites in the translation, composition and transmission of religious materials, even more vivid evidence for bardic influences in the evolution of a Gaelic religious tradition can be found in the area of popular devotion. In nearly every aspect of lay piety we see multiple connections with the bardic order, but the cult of the saints, as it manifested itself in Gaelic Ireland, is perhaps the clearest and most pervasive example of how the mentality of the aes dana lay at the very heart of Irish religiosity.
Pilot study of a targeted dance class for physical rehabilitation in children with cerebral palsy.

Introduction:This pilot study evaluates the effects of a targeted dance class utilizing classical ballet principles for rehabilitation of children with cerebral palsy on balance and upper extremity...
Helicobacter pylori serology testing is a useful diagnostic screening tool for symptomatic inner city children

Aim This study assessed the Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) serum antibody test as a diagnostic screening tool in symptomatic inner city children. Methods This was a retrospective study of patients aged one to 18 years who were referred to our paediatric gastroenterology department from 2009 to 2013. We included all patients who had H. pylori serum antibodies and/or faecal antigens who underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) for histology, with or without a gastric tissue rapid urease test. Results A total of 395 patients had EGDs carried out to evaluate epigastric pain, heartburn and nausea or vomiting, and their overall socio-economic Z-score was −2.62. The histology was positive for H. pylori infection in 52 of 395 patients (13%), and epigastric pain was documented in 45 of these 52 patients (87%). Compared to histology, the serum H. pylori antibody test had a sensitivity of 88.4% and a specificity of 93.4%. The tissue rapid urease test and faecal antigen test had sensitivities of 89.3% and 55.6% and specificities of 89.9% and 98.9%, respectively. Conclusion The serum H. pylori antibody test had high sensitivity and specificity, and it was a good diagnostic screening tool in our study. Epigastric pain was strongly associated with a current H. pylori infection in our population.
Implementation of system level control and communications in a Hardware-in-the-Loop microgrid testbed

A Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) microgrid testbed for the evaluation and assessment of microgrid operation and control is presented in this paper. The HIL testbed is composed of a Real-Time Digital Simulator (RTDS) for modeling of the microgrid, multiple National Instruments (NI) CompactRIOs for Intelligent Electronic Device (IED) control, a prototype Energy Management System (EMS), and a Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition system (SCADA). The implementation of the system level control and communication is described, and testing results are presented to demonstrate the functionality of the proposed HIL microgrid testbed and microgrid controller.
Reduced Physical Activity In Adult and Pediatric Patients with Thalassemia

Abstract 5174 The U.S. Government9s “2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans” recommends children perform at least 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous intensity physical activities (PA) a day while the recommendation for adults is 30 minutes per day at least 5 days a week. As fewer Americans meet these guidelines, it is unknown where patients with thalassemia (Thal) stand. Based on anecdotal evidence, it is assumed that patients with Thal have decreased PA due to their severe anemia and cardiomyopathies secondary to iron overload. However, there is a paucity of objective data on physical activity patterns in Thal. The primary objective of this prospective observational study is to examine PA patterns in a small group of representative patients with Thal using a 3-dimensional accelerometer, compared to age-matched national reference data. Additionally we will explore the relationship between PA and body composition. Methods: Nine pediatric (4 M; 13.8 ± 1.7 yrs) and 10 adult (6M, 31.0 ± 8.4 yrs) patients were provided an Actigraph GT3X accelerometer to wear for 7 days on 2 separate occasions, 3 months apart. Partial results from the baseline measurement will be presented here. Accelerometer output, defined as counts or records of acceleration, was valid if the patient wore the Actigraph for >10 hrs/day for at least 3 weekdays and 1 weekend day. Based on published criteria using mean counts per minute, time spent in sedentary, moderate and vigorous physical activity intensity was compared to National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data from 2003–2004 and to the 2008 PA guidelines. Whole body lean and fat mass was assessed by Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry. Lean mass index (LMI = kg/m2) Z-score was calculated and compared to national averages from the NHANES study. Results: Preliminary results show that Thal are less active than their healthy counterparts. Adults with Thal spend less time in vigorous intensity activities compared to the pediatric patients (p In conclusion, we have shown that Thal are less physically active and have significantly reduced muscle mass compared to the general US population. Physical activity may improve patients9 quality of life (reduce depression, pain, improve sleep) and reduce comorbidities associated with the disease (muscle wasting, low bone mass, diabetes). However, more research is needed with larger samples to relate these measures of PA with functional patient outcomes. This research was funded in part by a grant from the Cooley9s Anemia Foundation. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Effectiveness and Safety of the Femoral Venous Approach for Coronary Sinus Catheterization in Children

Coronary sinus (CS) catheterization is widely used during electrophysiological studies (EPS) and catheter ablation. The femoral venous (FV) approach to CS catheterization for EPS has been reported in adults but not in children. We report our experience with CS catheter placement through the FV approach in children. The charts of children with normal hearts who underwent EPS with CS cannulation were reviewed. The FV approach was attempted followed by right internal jugular (IJ) vein approach, if unsuccessful. Between 2010 and 2015, 250 patients were studied with an average of 13 ± 3 years. The FV approach to CS catheterization was attempted in 249 patients and was successful in all but 13 (95% successful). The right IJ was used as the primary approach in 1 infant aged 6 weeks and as the backup approach in 11 of the 13 in whom the FV approach failed. There was no appreciable difference between ages of patients in whom FV versus IJ approaches were successful (13 years ± 3 vs 13 years ± 3, respectively). There were no complications from FV sheath placement or from placement of the CS catheter from the FV approach. The right IJ approach was complicated by carotid artery puncture without hematoma in 2 patients (18% of attempts). In conclusion, the FV approach is a safe and effective option for CS cannulation for EPS procedures in children. The IJ and other approaches could be used as back up when the FV approach fails.
Rehabilitation Counselors’ Use and Perceptions of Peer-Reviewed Publications:

Peer-reviewed publications are one way for researchers to communicate information about service delivery to rehabilitation counselors. However, little is known about rehabilitation counselors’ actual use of peer-reviewed publications. Thus, the current research explored the extent to which rehabilitation counselors (N = 334) read and use peer-reviewed publications, factors associated with their reading and using peer-reviewed publications, and several items assessing their judgments about peer-reviewed publications. Overall, we found that rehabilitation counselors used peer-reviewed publications a moderate amount, held generally positive judgments about peer-reviewed publications, and reported wanting to use information from peer-reviewed publications with a greater percentage of clients than they actually did. We also found that counselors’ reading and using of peer-reviewed publications increased as counselor opinions of peer-reviewed publications were more positive and as counselors perceived their pro...
Male Violence Against Women in the Global South: What We Know and What We Don’t Know

Most of the empirical and theoretical work on violence against women has thus far centered on the plight of women who live in the Global North. The main objective of this chapter, then, is to contribute to the advancement of southern criminology by examining what social scientists know about various types of woman abuse in the Global South. Here, we answer these questions: What do we know? How do we know it? What are the next steps? All the answers are heavily informed by feminist ways of knowing, and the answers to the third question emphasize new empirical and theoretical directions.
Human Resource Issues in Higher Education

Higher education institutions face distinctive human resource issues related to their academic staff, which may account for a significant part of their workforce. This article examines human resource issues arising during the different stages in the life cycle of the academic career, from recruitment into initial positions to advancement in one’s career, and it discusses the conditions of employment for academic work, with special attention to the impact of recent pressures for greater productivity. It also explores the broader implications for systems of higher education of recent policies creating a second-tier of academic positions.
Costs to subjects for research participation and the informed consent process: regulatory and ethical considerations.

T he role of money in biomedical research is a frequent point of controversy. Concern focuses on the extent to which money offered to prospective subjects may unduly influence them to participate in a study and on investigator/institutional financial conflicts of interest.' Additional concerns that have received considerably less attention involve the permissibility of charging subjects for participating in research and the extent to which investigators should disclose these costs to prospective subjects. Costs associated with research participation generally fall into two categories: health system related expenses paid directly to entities that provide health services, such as hospitals, labs, clinics, and pharmacies; and non-health system related expenses such as fees to public transit or taxi companies, gas stations, and parking garages. Some health system related expenses are expected costs (e.g., tests or services that will not or will likely not be covered by third party payers) whereas others are not (e.g., injury-related costs). This paper focuses on the former, which are both knowable and quantifiable in advance. Although most research studies do not impose anticipated health system related costs on subjects, some do, and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) explicitly permits the practice in some cases.3 Federal regulations governing human subjects research stipulate that, when appropriate, prospective subjects should be informed of "any additional costs to the subject that may result from participation in the research."4 Yet, the regulations do not state whether the costs must be itemized or what level of detail must be provided. Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) vary in how they interpret this regulatory requirement.s Some have explicit policies requiring detailed disclosure of costs, but others do not.6 Because the Office for Human Research Protections (OHRP) and the FDA have offered little guidance on how they expect the regulations to be interpreted, there is both an opportunity and an obligation to consider the issues from an ethical perspective.7
Allometric and trait‐based patterns in parasite stoichiometry

We measured the elemental content (%C, N and P) and ratios (C:N, C:P, N:P) of a diverse assemblage of parasitic helminths to ask whether taxonomy or traits were related to stoichiometric variation among species. We sampled 27 macroparasite taxa, spanning four phyla, infecting vertebrate and invertebrate hosts from freshwater ecosystems in New Jersey. Macroparasites varied widely in elemental content, exhibiting 4.7‐fold variation in %N, 4.6‐fold variation in %P, and 11.5‐fold variation in N:P. Across all species, parasite %P scaled negatively and C:P scaled positively with body size. Similar relationships between parasite P content and body size occurred at the phylum level and within individual species. The allometric scaling of P across species supports the growth rate hypothesis, which predicts that smaller taxa require more P to support relatively higher growth rates. Life cycle stage was related to %N and C:N, with non‐reproductive parasite stages lower in %N and higher in C:N than actively reproducing parasites. Parasite phylum, functional feeding group, and trophic level did not explain elemental variation among species. Organismal stoichiometry is linked to ecological function, and wide variation in macroparasite stoichiometry likely generates diverse patterns in host–parasite nutrient dynamics and variable relationships between parasitism and nutrient cycling.
Impact of a Half Dome Cable Permitting Process on Search and Rescue Activity, Hiker Mortality Rates, and Operational Costs Above Little Yosemite Valley.

Introduction The summit of Yosemite's Half Dome is reached using cable handrails for the final 146 m (480 ft). Access to these cables was restricted to users with permits in 2010. The authors aim to describe the impact of permitting on search and rescue (SAR) in the region of the park most affected by permitting. Methods An observational study from 2005 to 2009 and 2011 to 2015 comparing the number of incidents, major incidents (exceeding $500), victims, and fatalities before and after permitting the use of cable handrails on Half Dome in the area above Little Yosemite Valley (LYV) and parkwide. Each year was analyzed separately with t tests and Mann-Whitney U tests. Data are presented as mean±SD. Result The number of hikers in the study area was reduced by up to 66% by permitting. Above LYV from 2005 to 2009, there were 85 SAR incidents, 134 victims, 8 fatalities, 38 major incidents, and annual SAR costs of $44,582±28,972. From 2011 to 2015, the same area saw 54 SAR incidents, 156 victims, 4 fatalities, 35 major incidents, and annual SAR costs of $27,027±19,586. No parameter showed statistical significance. Parkwide SAR incidents decreased from 232 to 198 annual incidents (P=0.013) during the same time period, with parkwide mortality increasing from 8 to 12 deaths annually (P=0.045). Conclusions SAR incidents, victims, fatalities, or costs above LYV did not decrease after cable handrail permitting. Parkwide SAR activity decreased during the same intervals. This strongly suggests that overcrowding is not the key factor influencing safety on Half Dome. This discordant trend warrants close observation over 5 to 10 y.
Rep and UvrD Antagonize One Another at Stalled Replication Forks and This Is Exacerbated by SSB

The Rep and UvrD DNA helicases are proposed to act at stalled DNA replication forks to facilitate replication restart when RNA polymerase stalls forks. To clarify the role of these DNA helicases in fork rescue, we used a coupled spectrophotometric ATPase assay to determine how they act on model fork substrates. For both enzymes, activity is low on regressed fork structures, suggesting that they act prior to the regression step that generates a Holliday junction. In fact, the preferred cofactors for both enzymes are forks with a gap in the nascent leading strand, consistent with the 3′–5′ direction of translocation. Surprisingly, for Rep, this specificity is altered in the presence of stoichiometric amounts of a single-strand DNA-binding protein (SSB) relative to a fork with a gap in the nascent lagging strand. Even though Rep and UvrD are similar in structure, elevated concentrations of SSB inhibit Rep, but they have little to no effect on UvrD. Furthermore, Rep and UvrD antagonize one another at a fork. ...
How Do Different Types of Alignment Affect Perceived Entity Status

Perceptions of entitativity are thought to be influenced by salient features such as the physical proximity and physical similarity of group members (Campbell in Behav Sci 3:14-25, 1958). But social interactions among group members involve a number of low-level alignment (Pickering and Garrod in Behav Brain Sci 27:212-225, 2004) and synchronization (Marsh et al. in Top Cogn Sci 1:320-339, 2009) processes. Conversational partners, for instance, become aligned in syntax, semantics, emotion, and bodily posture. In this paper, we explore whether alignment correlates with observers' judgments of entitativity, and, moreover, which specific forms of alignment have the strongest effects on these judgments. Results revealed that only emotional alignment had on effect on judgments of entitativity. We discuss how future work may further assess the role of various dimensions in shaping the perception of group status in linguistic interaction.
The Role of Abnormal Hemostasis and Fibrinolysis in Morbidity and Mortality of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia

Despite the improved therapeutic advances in the management of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), a significant early mortality during induction, also referred to as early death (ED), remains an obstacle for further improvement in outcome. Hemorrhagic complications are the most common cause of morbidity and mortality. Perturbed hemostatic dysfunction is present as the result of abnormalities in both the coagulation and the fibrinolytic systems. The activation of coagulation is distinct from the classical disseminated intravascular coagulation. Multiple abnormalities in the fibrinolytic system have recently been identified. The most significant change is increased production of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and its receptor annexin A2 by the APL promyelocytes. Among the hemorrhagic complications, intracranial hemorrhage predominates. The pathogenesis of this catastrophic event is elucidated by new evidence of adverse effect of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) on the brain, including both the plasmin-dependent and plasmin-independent pathways. In order to address the hemorrhagic complications, a thorough understanding of the hemostatic dysfunction is essential. In this article, our current concept of the abnormal hemostasis in APL is reviewed. The failure to reduce the early death rate, despite the introduction of effective therapy, will also be discussed.
Impact of Transportation on Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Locally vs. Non-locally Sourced Food

The concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere continues to rise and the global food system is a significant contributor that often gets overlooked when it comes to solving the problem. In this study, emissions related to food transportation were studied to determine what impact getting local food instead of non-local food could make on the overall emissions of the food system. The dining service at University utilizes local food to varying extents when it is in season, and a life cycle assessment (LCA) was done on lettuce, tomatoes, strawberries, and chicken to compare the emissions associated with production of these foods. The transport-oriented GREET software was used for the LCA along with information from the sustainability coordinator at the university itself to get results. Given a lack of publicly available data regarding crop cultivation in certain areas of the U.S. some information had to be obtained from databases in Europe, but results suggest that produce coming from the west coast to the Virginia campus can have four to five times the emissions associated with production and produce from Florida can have roughly twice as many emissions associated with production. There is a relatively low number of LCAs done in America to compare this data to but it somewhat fits in with many European studies. Some LCAs do not factor in transportation processes but my results suggest that any American studies should factor in transportation since they can contribute greatly to the overall footprint of products. The current available software for LCAs lack consistency between programs, all having different strengths and weaknesses, and needs to be improved for quality results in the future.