cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Acetate C-C bond formation and decomposition in the anaerobic world: the structure of a central enzyme and its key active-site metal cluster.

Abstract The structure of carbon monoxide dehydrogenase/acetyl-coenzyme A synthase (CODH/ACS), a central enzyme in the anaerobic metabolism of acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA), has been solved to a resolution of 2.2A. The active-site metal cluster responsible for catalyzing acetyl C–C bond synthesis and cleavage, designated the A center, was identified as an Fe 4 S 4 iron sulfur cluster with one of its cysteine thiolates acting as a bridge to an adjacent binuclear metal site. Nickel was found at one position in the binuclear site and the other metal was indicated to be copper – a surprising result, implying a previously unrecognized role for copper. Details of the A center provided new insight into the unusual organometallic mechanism of acetyl C–C bond formation and cleavage, with substantial conformational changes indicated for binding of the large methylcorrinoid protein substrate, and a unique intramolecular channel acting to contain carbon monoxide within the protein and transfer it to the site needed for acetyl-CoA synthesis.
Implantation of engineered tissue in the rat heart.

Rodent surgery is often an important component in assessing the utility of engineered tissues. A wide variety of surgical procedures can be performed in common laboratory rats or mice and these quite frequently serve as an intermediate step between bench-top experiments and large animal testing or human trials. Given that rodents provide an established, cost-effective, and physiologically-relevant model system in which to test novel combinations of scaffolding materials and cells, they are particularly well-suited for cardiovascular tissue engineering studies. Presently, we describe an open-heart surgical procedure to implant engineered tissue containing myogenic progenitor cells in the atrioventricular (AV) groove of a rat heart. These implants are intended to create an electrical conduit between the right atrium and right ventricle with the ultimate goal of providing an alternative treatment to conventional pacemaker implantation in pediatric patients with complete heart block[1]. The engineered tissue is implanted in the AV-groove by means of a thoracotomy. For our purposes, Lewis rats are anesthetized and invasively ventilated to maintain positive airway pressure during the sterile surgical procedure. The approach to the heart is performed by a right thoracotomy through an antero-lateral incision at the 5th intercostal space. The tissue construct is fixed in the AV groove using a single 7-0 Prolene suture and positioned between the right ventricle and atrium at the ventral portion of the heart. The epicardium is partially removed to allow direct contact between the recipient myocardial cells and those contained in the engineered tissue. Following implantation, the chest wall is closed in layers, any pneumothorax is evacuated, and the animal is extubated and treated with analgesic.
Some. Structural and Physical Properties of Yarn Made on the Integrated Composite Spinning System: Part I: Two-Component Yams

One of the recent systems of yarn production is the Bobtex Integrated Composite Spinning (ICS). The process which produces a composite yarn that utilizes a polymer substrate with a fibrous surface. The production of this system ranges between 165 and 330 yd/min. The yarn used in this investigation was a two-component yarn, one of the early structures developed, which was found to have some favorable characteristics as well as some drawbacks. Work is going on to extend the study to the newer developments which have led to the production of three-component yarns.This paper presents a microscopical study of the yarn cross section which reveals the mechanism of binding the outer fibers to the polymer matrix. A small sample of woven fabric was microscopically analyzed and a cross section of the fabric is shown. Also, some of the physical properties were determined and the results are discussed.
Mount St. Helens and Santiaguito lava domes: The effect of short-term eruption rate on surface texture and degassing processes

In order to assess the effect of eruption rate on the surface morphology and degassing mechanisms of silicic lava flows, we studied surface characteristics and obtained water content and hydrogen isotopic values of samples from flows at the Mount St. Helens and Santiaguito lava domes. We compared the surface textures and inferred degassing processes to short-term extrusion rates and found that when domes are small and eruption rates are high, lava will not completely degas in transit to the surface, allowing additional volatile loss through surface vesiculation which results in the formation of a scoriaceous carapace. When domes exceed a critical size and/or their cooled crusts reach a critical strength, emergence of new magma is impeded, short-term eruption rates decline, and more thorough degassing can take place leading to smooth-textured flows lacking scoria development. At Mount St. Helens, this transition occurred during the dome's third year, when it grew from 31.8 to 53.2 × 106 m3. Santiaguito attained a comparable state after 2–3 years of growth, and for most of its 70-year history has produced non-vesicular lava. Degassing patterns that combine closed, open, and kinetic processes can be distinguished using isotope data obtained from samples whose positions on a flow and emplacement histories are well-constrained. Evidence for these patterns is most clearly preserved in lavas erupted during early, rapid stages of dome growth. Petrologists and volcanologists seeking to infer magma chamber conditions from the volatile contents of extruded lavas thus need to sample flows early in their emplacement while paying attention to surface texture, position relative to the vent and flow front, and time of emergence.
Hormone predictors of bone mineral density changes during the menopausal transition.

Objective and Context: Our objective was to examine predictability of reproductive hormone concentrations for bone mineral density (BMD) loss during the menopausal transition. Design: We conducted a longitudinal (five annual examinations), multiple-site (n = 5) cohort study, the Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation (SWAN). Participants: Participants included, at baseline, 2311 premenopausal or early perimenopausal African-American, Caucasian, Chinese, and Japanese women. Main Outcome Measures: We assessed annual dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry lumbar spine and total hip BMD measures, with endogenous estradiol (E2), FSH, androgens, and self-reported menstrual bleeding patterns. Results: Over the 4-yr period, lumbar spine BMD loss was 5.6% in natural postmenopause, 3.9% in surgical postmenopause, or 3.2% in late perimenopause. Baseline FSH concentrations, subsequent FSH levels, and their interaction predicted 4-yr BMD loss. If baseline FSH was less than 25 mIU/ml, higher follow-up FSH (>70 mIU/ml) pre...
Retirement Preparation Of The Nonfarm Self-Employed

Despite growth in the numbers of self-employed workers, there is little research on the retirementplanning behavior of this group. The purpose of this study was to identify characteristics of self-employed workers and determine factors that lead to increased savings for retirement. Findings froma survey mailed to a convenience sample indicated the largest amounts of annual savings were in stocksand business equity and the smallest amounts were in Keogh plans. Self-employed workers tended tohave larger total retirement savings if they were older, had higher income levels, and had conductedsome retirement planning activities.
Gigahertz operation of epitaxial graphene transistors

The transport properties of graphene with saturation currents as high as 1.5 A/mm and electron mobilities of 15 000 cm2/Vs [1] place this material in the limelight as an attractive candidate of next-generation nanoelectronic devices. While DC performance has been extensively studied just a few small signal characterizations have been done so far. The widely observed high carrier mobility naturally focuses our attention towards high frequency performance of graphene based devices. Gigahertz operation of exfoliated [2] and epitaxial [3] graphene FETs has been reported recently. Here we present the high frequency performances of graphene devices based on epitaxially grown graphene on SiC substrates. The measured f T .L G product of 8 GHz.μm and f max of 16 GHz is in very good agreement with previously reported values [3]. Surprisingly, in spite of the much lower electron mobility and transconductance, these FETs demonstrate remarkable small signal performance comparable to the small signal performance of higher mobility exfoliated graphene devices.
REGULATION OF BENTHIC ALGAL AND ANIMAL COMMUNITIES BY SALT MARSH PLANTS: IMPACT OF SHADING

Plant cover is a fundamental feature of many coastal marine and terrestrial systems and controls the structure of associated animal communities. Both natural and human-mediated changes in plant cover influence abiotic sediment properties and thus have cascading impacts on the biotic community. Using clipping (structural) and light (shading) manipulations in two salt marsh vegetation zones (one dominated by Spartina foliosa and one by Salicornia virginica), we tested whether these plant species exert influence on abiotic environmental factors and examined the mechanisms by which these changes regulate the biotic community. In an unshaded (plant and shade removal) treatment, marsh soils exhibited harsher physical properties, a microalgal community composition shift toward increased diatom dominance, and altered macrofaunal community composition with lower species richness, a larger proportion of insect larvae, and a smaller proportion of annelids, crustaceans, and oligochaetes compared to shaded (plant removal, shade mimic) and control treatment plots. Overall, the shaded treatment plots were similar to the controls. Plant cover removal also resulted in parallel shifts in microalgal and macrofaunal isotopic signatures of the most dynamic species. This suggests that animal responses are seen mainly among microalgae grazers and may be mediated by plant modification of microalgae. Results of these experiments demonstrate how light reduction by the vascular plant canopy can control salt marsh sediment communities in an arid climate. This research facilitates understanding of sequential consequences of changing salt marsh plant cover associated with climate or sea level change, habitat degradation, marsh restoration, or plant invasion.
Twitter as a medium for pharmacy students’ personal learning network development

Abstract Objective To evaluate PY3 students' perceptions about sharing weekly health news on Twitter while developing their personal learning network (PLN). Methods A survey evaluated students' comfort level with Twitter and its use for delivery of medical/pharmacy news. Familiarity with the concept of PLN, favorite resources, primary topics of interest, and plans for future use were determined. Results Overall, 266 students completed the survey—36% were comfortable using Twitter, 21% were aware that medical/pharmacy news can be delivered via Twitter before the project, and 79% were new to PLNs. Favorite resources included health care/government organizations and newsletters. Professional development was enhanced by following professional sources (67%) and classmates (59%). Students plan to continue using Twitter as a social network (51%) and as a PLN (60%), following the same individuals (65%), organizations (71%), and lists (67%). Conclusions Students appreciated Twitter as a tool to facilitate development of PLN.
Early research experience with OpenAccess gear: an open source development environment for physical design

Physical design EDA research in academia has historically been based on infrastructure developed independently by individual contributors. This has led to fragmentation in the community, where interaction, data interchange and comparison of results between tools are difficult. We discuss our early experience with the OpenAccess Gear system, an open source software initiative intended to provide pieces of the critical integration and analysis infrastructure that are taken for granted in proprietary tools, but often wholly absent in research tools. Built on top of the widely available OpenAccess database, OA Gear provides components such as industrial-strength static timing analysis and extensible layout and netlist visualization. We discuss preliminary results from two on-going research efforts that have adopted OA Gear as their infrastructure: retrofitting the University of Michigan Capo placer into this environment, and the addition of a timing-driven capability to the Carnegie Mellon Warp placer.
Superior Vena Caval Syndrome Due to a Mediastinal Hematoma Secondary to a Dissecting Aortic Aneurysm

The case is reported of a 70-year-old man with clinical findings of superior vena caval obstruction. The patient died before the etiology of the obstruction could be ascertained. On post mortem examination a mediastinal hematoma secondary to a ruptured dissecting aneurysm of the aorta was found. A review of the literature revealed only one similar case.
Involvement of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling in transformed growth of a cholangiocarcinoma cell line.

Abstract Although mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways play a key role in cell growth, their role in mediating the altered growth phenotype of transformed cells remains unclear. The p44/p42 MAPK signaling cascades are activated by mitogenic stimulation of human cholangiocytes. In contrast, the p38 MAPK pathway is activated by mitogen stimulation of malignant, but not nonmalignant cholangiocytes. Thus, our aims were to determine the role of p38 MAPK signaling in mediating the growth phenotype of transformed cholangiocytes. KMCH-1 malignant human cholangiocytes required the presence of serum for proliferation, but were able to grow in reduced serum conditions. Inhibition of p38 MAPK decreased serum-dependent proliferation of KMCH-1 cells. Furthermore, inhibition of p38 MAPK, but not of p44/p42 MAPK, reduced anchorage-independent growth of KMCH-1 cells. Although both p38 and p44/p42 MAPK are activated in response to mitogens, they have divergent effects on anchorage-independent growth. Inhibition of p38 MAPK, but not of p44/p42 MAPK signaling, decreased cell cycle progression and increased expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 WAF1/CIPl . However, expression of p27 KIP1 or p16 INK4A was not altered by either pathway. Thus, mitogen activation of p38 MAPK decreases expression of p21 WAF1/CIP1 and mediates growth independent of anchorage signals, whereas mitogen activation of p44/p42 MAPK mediates an anchorage signal-dependent growth pathway. These data provide a link between aberrant stress-activated cell signaling and the altered growth phenotype of transformed cells that may be important for the development of therapies to limit transformed cell growth. (H EPATOLOGY 2001;33:43-51.)
Effect of protein source and soluble carbohydrate addition on rumen fermentation and lactation performance of Holstein cows.

Rumen in vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of rumen undegradable protein and soluble carbohydrates on rumen ammonia N release and lactation performance of Holstein cows. In the in vitro experiment, freeze-dried annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum, LAM) pasture was supplemented 1:1 with ground corn-based grain supplements containing expeller or solvent soybean meal with sucrose or lactose supplements at 0, 2.5, or 5% of dry matter (DM). The ammonia release rate was slower with expeller compared with solvent soybean meal-supplemented diets. Sucrose supplementation at the 5% level lowered rumen ammonia concentrations, but lactose-fortification of grain supplements was without effect. In the in vivo study, 32 multiparous Holstein cows were blocked according to milk yield and randomly assigned to corn-based grain supplements containing 1) solvent soybean meal, 2) solvent soybean meal + 5% sucrose supplement, 3) expeller soybean meal, or 4) expeller soybean meal + 5% sucrose supplement. Grain supplements and fresh annual ryegrass were component fed at approximately a 1:1 grain to forage ratio (DM basis). Forage DM intake was higher for cows receiving solvent soybean meal supplemented grain supplements than those receiving expeller soybean meal (12.2 ± 2.1 vs. 11.4 ± 2.2 kg/d), but total DM intake was similar for all diets (22.8 ± 2.9 kg/d). Fat-corrected milk yield was similar for all diets averaging 37.5, 38.2, 39.1, and 37.6 kg/d for diets 1 to 4, respectively. Rumen fermentation, milk urea nitrogen, and body condition were unaffected by supplements; however, cows fed grain supplement 1 utilized dietary energy more efficiently than cows offered the other dietary treatments. High dietary crude protein concentrations may have limited lactation response to rumen undegradable protein and sugar.
Evaluation of inverter and cable losses in adjustable speed drive applications with long motor leads

This paper presents an evaluation of inverter and cable losses in adjustable speed drive systems with long motor leads. Analyses and simulations were conducted to determine the motor/drive system losses as a function of cable length, switching frequency and loading conditions. Simulation and experimental results are presented for 5 kVA, 20 kVA and 30 kVA motor/drive systems at switching frequencies of 2 kHz, 6 kHz and 10 kHz and cable lengths of 10 ft and 300 ft. Results show the need for possible inverter derating with long cables at higher switching frequencies.
A factor analysis of the DSM-III post-traumatic stress disorder criteria

The authors factor analyzed DSM-III-based post-traumatic stress disorder symptom ratings made on 131 Vietnam-veteran PTSD patients. Five factors--termed Intrusive Thoughts and Their Effects, Increased Arousal, Impoverished Relationships, Guilt, and Cognitive Interference--emerged. The factor structure gave more support to Laufer, Brett and Gallops' conceptualization of PTSD than to the Horowitz, DSM-III, or DSM-III-R systems. It also generated suggestions for future editions of the diagnostic manual.
Procedural Editing of 3D Building Point Clouds

Thanks to the recent advances in computational photography and remote sensing, point clouds of buildings are becoming increasingly available, yet their processing poses various challenges. In our work, we tackle the problem of point cloud completion and editing and we approach it via inverse procedural modeling. Contrary to the previous work, our approach operates directly on the point cloud without an intermediate triangulation. Our approach consists of 1) semi-automatic segmentation of the input point cloud with segment comparison and template matching to detect repeating structures, 2) a consensus-based voting schema and a pattern extraction algorithm to discover completed terminal geometry and their patterns of usage, all encoded into a context-free grammar, and 3) an interactive editing tool where the user can create new point clouds by using procedural copy and paste operations, and smart resizing. We demonstrate our approach on editing of building models with up to 1.8M points. In our implementation, preprocessing takes up to several minutes and a single editing operation needs from one second to one minute depending on the model size and the operation type.
Hereditary variation in platelet integrin α2β1 density is associated with two silent polymorphisms in the α2 gene coding sequence

The integrin α2β1 is a receptor for collagen that plays a fundamental role in the adhesion of blood platelets to the extracellular matrix. We previously reported that platelet α2β1 levels among randomly selected individuals can vary up to 10-fold and that this correlates with differences in adhesiveness to type-I or type-III collagens. We have now found two linked, allelic polymorphisms within the coding sequence of the α2 gene that correlate with receptor density, TTT/TTC at codon Phe224 and ACA/ACG at codon Thr246. By Southern blot hybridization of specific antisense DNA probes to segments of genomic DNA that encompass each coding region, we have determined the gene frequencies of each allele in a random donor population (n = 65) to be 0.585 (TTC ... ACG) and 0.415 (TTT ... ACA). There is a statistically significant correlation between the alleles TTT ... ACA (codons 224…246) and high receptor density (n = 30; P < .002), whereas the complimentary alleles TTC ... ACG are associated with low receptor density. Heterozygous individuals express intermediate levels of this receptor, and familial studies confirm that these allelic polymorphisms are inherited characteristics. These findings prove that the level of platelet α2β1 is an inherited trait. The molecular basis for receptor density remains to be determined, but our findings establish that these silent alleles within the coding sequence of the α2 gene are linked to the genetic basis for variation in receptor density.
Sediment Copper Concentrations, In Situ Benthic Invertebrate Abundance, and Sediment Toxicity: Comparison of Treated and Untreated Coves in a Southern Reservoir

Copper-based algaecides are used to control algae that compromise uses of lakes and reservoirs. However, there are concerns regarding potential adverse effects to benthic macroinvertebrates following long-term, repeated applications. Multiple lines-of-evidence are useful for evaluating potential ecological risks. These lines-of-evidence are encompassed in the sediment quality triad (SQT) and include sediment copper concentrations, in situ benthic invertebrate abundance, and sediment toxicity testing. The objective of this study was to measure potential ecological risks associated with long-term applications of copper algaecides in coves in Lay Lake, Alabama. Sediments from three coves treated for 7, 10, and 20 years were compared to sediments from three untreated coves in terms of copper concentrations, in situ benthic macroinvertebrate total abundance, and survival of Hyalella azteca and Chironomus dilutus in laboratory sediment toxicity tests. Sediment copper concentrations were not different between treated and untreated coves, with the exception of one treated cove (PC-1S) that contained elevated sediment copper concentrations compared to all other coves. However, the copper was not bioavailable to organisms based on in situ macroinvertebrate abundance and laboratory toxicity tests. In situ benthic invertebrate abundance was not different between treated and untreated coves. In all sediments tested, there were no measurable adverse effects to H. azteca and there were no significant differences in survival of C. dilutus between treated and untreated coves. Based on the weight-of-evidence approach utilized in this study, long-term copper use in three Lay Lake coves has not resulted in adverse effects to benthic invertebrates compared to untreated coves.
X-Ray Photoelectron Study of the Valence Band of K C 8 : Direct Experimental Proof of Complete K ( 4 s ) Charge Transfer

X-ray photoelectron spectra of the valence bands of K${\mathrm{C}}_{8}$ are presented and compared with spectra for potassium metal and graphite. Potassium spectra show a clear peak at ${E}_{\mathrm{F}}$ associated with the metallic $4s$ band; K${\mathrm{C}}_{8}$ shows only a weak, monotonic response near ${E}_{\mathrm{F}}$ (similar to that of graphite) which is attributable entirely to graphite states. It is concluded that if an $s$- like band exists in K${\mathrm{C}}_{8}$ it is occupied by less than 0.04 electron/K atom.
Local Electrostatic Control of Nonlinear Optical Processes

Electrically tunable nonlinear processes are of critical importance for frequency conversion and signal processing. To perform such operations on-chip one needs to explore the nonlinear response in structures with reduced dimensions, such as interfaces, particles, and arrangements thereof.
Analysis of Plant Engineering

The paper first analysed the history, the present situation and future of plant engineering. On this basis, the paper introduced the maintenance and replacement.
Measurement of IgA Memory to 2,4-Dinitrophenyl (DNP) in the Sera of Adoptive Recipient Rats Using the Amplified Elisa

Early studies on IgA immune responses implied the absence of immunologic memory in such responses (1,2). At the initiation of the research reported here, immunologic memory in the IgA system had not been unequivically demonstrated. Subsequently, several reports have appeared which support the concept of immunologic memory in the IgA system (3–5).
High Temperature Molecular Dynamics Studies of Cluster Growth and Polymer Degradation

Computer simulations have added a new scope to scientific research in the rapidly growing field of cluster physics and chemistry. In the last few years, numerous novel innovations in experimental cluster measurements and technologies led to the discovery of a richness of cluster geometries built up in many cases by cluster units with magic number of atoms.1,2 Clusters in the liquid state have also been postulated.3 Heterogeneous catalysis, nucleation, physisorption, fragmentation either thermal or caused by energy or charge instabilities are some of the phenomena that need theoretical support- As is common in scientific investigation, the validity of a comparison between theoretical predictions and experiments may be sometimes questioned because of the complexity of the experimental interpretation as compared to the simplicity of the theoretical model. Furthermore, the testing of a theoretical prediction may be restricted because of limitations in the experimental state-of-the-art. Computer experiments have alleviated these bottlenecks in various areas of physical chemistry,4 and, hopefully this presentation will provide the reader extra insight in two selected high temperature processes that take place in flames. Two computer simulations studies will be considered. The first example is framed in Section 2, and concerns the study of the growth of silicon particles in a flame, with special emphasis on the irreversible energy accommodation that occurs in cluster-cluster collisions. The second example given in Section 3 describes the thermal degradation of simple polymers by depolymerization reactions that occurs, presumably, during the combustion of the material.
Economic profiling of physicians: does omission of pharmacy claims bias performance measurement?

OBJECTIVE To investigate the degree to which the absence of prescriber identifying information and the absence of pharmacy claims might affect the validity of physicians' economic profiles. STUDY DESIGN The study database consisted of 4 years of claims from a mixed-model health maintenance organization. Using the grouper of Episode Treatment Groups by Symmetry Health Data Systems, Inc, 2 episode databases were created, with and without pharmacy claims included. For each database, the responsibility for defined episodes was attributed to physicians within specialty (1) on the basis of combined professional and prescribing costs and (2) on the basis of professional costs alone. METHODS Using the different databases and attribution rules, physicians were ranked within specialty on the economic profiling metric, and the various rankings were compared for consistency. Analyses were performed for cardiologists, family practitioners, general surgeons, and neurologists. RESULTS The absence of prescriber identifying information appears to have only a small effect on physicians' economic profiles. The absence of pharmacy claims, on the other hand, may affect economic profile performance, but the effects differ by specialty and depend on pharmacy costs as a percentage of episode total costs for the specialty and the correlation of episode costs with and without pharmacy costs included. CONCLUSIONS Physicians' economic profile rankings are not greatly affected by the presence or absence of prescriber identifying information in pharmacy claims. If pharmacy claims are missing altogether, however, valid economic profiling remains feasible for some clinical specialties but not for others.
Writing as Process

All publications begin with words on the page. But they do not all end up where you expect. Writing is a process, just like field work, it’s just a different sort of process. It unfolds in unexpected ways. The key is to find a process that works well for you.
Macro-Micro, Trends vs. Noise, and SSA - II

We describe some details of extensions of the Macro Micro (MM) model. Applications include a long-term real-world PFE risk simulation, including realistic quasi-random Macro trends. The details elaborated here include the use of the 3rd order skew Green function to obtain micro mean reversion, a random time distribution for the Macro component, sliding down the yield curve, and approximate no-arbitrage in the MM model.
Infusion of Red Blood Cell-Derived Microparticles (RMPs) Reduced Intracerebral Bleeding Following Hemorrhagic Stroke in a Rat Model

Abstract INTRODUCTION Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (SICH) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, yet no effective treatment for it exists. It has been shown that the size of hematoma plays a major role in determining the outcomes of SICH. Therefore, the paradigm that reduction of hematoma growth, and/or prevention of continued bleeding in SICH has been an attractive therapeutic target. Various hemostatic agents including NovoSeven® have previously been investigated for SICH, without benefit. Red blood cell-derived microparticles (RMP) have diverse hemostatic activity. It has been shown in vitro that RMP enhance platelet functions as well as accelerating coagulation, augmenting both primary and secondary hemostasis. Efficacy of RMP as hemostatic agent has been documented in animal bleeding models [Jy et al, Thrombosis & Haemostais, 2013; 110:751-60]. The present report provides preliminary data on efficacy of RMP infusion for reducing hematoma expansion in a rat model of SICH. METHODS RMP were produced by high pressure extrusion of washed RBC as described [Jy et al, Thrombosis & Haemostais, 2013; 110:751-60]. SICH was induced in male Sprague Dawley rats by injection of 0.17U of collagenase (2 µl at the rate of 0.4 µl / min) into the left striatum sterotexically. It has been shown that after injection of collagenase, intracerebral bleeding continued for several hours [Del Bigio et al. Stroke, 1996; 27:2312-9]. Rats were randomly divided into two groups (1) Placebo (vehicle-treated) group, n=9; and (2) RMP-treated group, n=10. RMP were injected via femoral vein at 1 hour and again at 2 hours post-SICH, at concentration 3x109particles / kg, per injection. Rats were sacrificed at ~24 hours post-collagenase injection, and brains were sectioned. Sectioned brains were scanned and hematoma area on brain section images was evaluated by Image J software. The neurological score was evaluated at ~24 hr as described earlier [Bederson et al. Stroke. 1986; 17:472-476; De Ryck et al. Stroke. 1989; 20:1383-1390]. Induction of SICH and evaluation of hematoma area and neurological score was carried out by an investigator blinded to the experimental conditions. RESULTS (i) Effect of RMP treatment on hematoma area: We observed that total hematoma area for the placebo group was 105 ± 13 mm2 (mean ±SEM) at ~24 hr post-collagenase injection. In contrast, in the RMP-treated group, total hematoma area was 72 ± 9 mm2, which was 31% lower than in the placebo group; p CONCLUSIONS These preliminary results are promising, but indicate a need for longer-term observation and larger sample size. Modified dosage regimen might also improve efficacy since we have observed in other studies that continuous infusion of RMPs is more effective than bolus. In summary, results demonstrate that RMPs have the potential to arrest or limit hematoma growth in SICH. If further work confirms and improves this benefit, RMP treatment could save many lives. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Improving the Reproducibility of Genetic Association Results Using Genotype Resampling Methods

Replication may be an inadequate gold standard for substantiating the significance of results from genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Successful replication provides evidence supporting true results and against spurious findings, but various population attributes contribute to observed significance of a genetic effect. We hypothesize that failure to replicate an interaction observed to be significant in a GWAS of one population in a second population is sometimes attributable to differences in minor allele frequencies, and resampling the replication dataset by genotype to match the minor allele frequencies of the discovery data can improve estimates of the interaction significance. We show via simulation that resampling of the replication data produced results more concordant with the discovery findings. We recommend that failure to replicate GWAS results should not immediately be considered to refute previously-observed findings and conversely that replication does not guarantee significance, and suggest that datasets be compared more critically in biological context.
Partition Obvious Preference and Mechanism Design: Theory and Experiment

Substantial evidence in field, lab and thought experiments in multiple disciplines, shows that decision makers often choose a dominated strategy, which contradicts with current economic theory. To bridge this gap between theory and evidence, first, we propose two alternative axiomatic approaches, formalizing a distinct defect in human reasoning and tying together a broad range of evidence for the choice of dominated strategies. Second, we extend the theory to game theory and mechanism design, where we identify a rich class of mechanisms that successfully achieve desirable goals even with boundedly rational agents or agents who mistrust the market makers. Third, we test and verify our theory and its implications by a laboratory experiment. Finally, we address how our approach contributes to accomplishing two goals simultaneously in modelling bounded rationality: stimulating transdisciplinary conversations and providing a unified framework.
Does Perceptual Consciousness Overflow Cognitive Access? The Challenge from Probabilistic, Hierarchical Processes

Does perceptual consciousness require cognitive access? Ned Block argues that it does not. Central to his case are visual memory experiments that employ post-stimulus cueing—in particular, Sperling's classic partial report studies, change-detection work by Lamme and colleagues, and a recent paper by Bronfman and colleagues that exploits our perception of ‘gist’ properties. We argue contra Block that these experiments do not support his claim. Our reinterpretations differ from previous critics' in challenging as well a longstanding and common view of visual memory as involving declining capacity across a series of stores. We conclude by discussing the relation of probabilistic perceptual representations and phenomenal consciousness.
Abstract 333: Existence of Functional Norepinephrine Transport in Perivascular Adipose Tissue

Perivascular Tissue (PVAT) is a recent focus of studies for its regulation of blood vessel tone. Contraction to norepinephrine (NE) is reduced by PVAT through mechanisms not entirely clear. Loss of this anti-contractile function of PVAT occurs in obesity-related hypertension. We hypothesized that PVAT can remove NE from the blood vessel environment through transporters and reduce NE induced contraction in health. RT-PCR of mesenteric PVAT was positive for norepinephrine transporter (NET; Ct=33.2±1.4) and serotonin transporter (SERT; Ct=31.9±0.9) relative to beta-2-microglobulin. To study NE uptake in the healthy state, mesenteric and aortic PVAT from the male Sprague Dawley rat was incubated with 10 μM NE after pre-incubation with an inhibitor of transport (10 μM desipramine to inhibit NET and SERT, 100 μM corticosterone to inhibit organic cation transporter 3) or vehicle and quantified by HPLC for NE. Desipramine plus corticosterone inhibited NE uptake in mesenteric PVAT (figure) but desipramine (410.5±80.8 ng/g vs. 414.4±67.0 ng/g NE only; n=8) or corticosterone (225.0±26.1 ng/g vs. 319.2±35.9 ng/g NE only; n=5) alone did not, indicating a robust uptake capacity. In aortic PVAT, NE uptake was not inhibited by desipramine plus corticosterone (figure), desipramine (1763.5±460.8 ng/g vs. 1702.7±298.4 ng/g NE only; n=6), or corticosterone (1085.8±205.3 ng/g vs. 2245.8±506.8 ng/g NE only; n=4). Protein staining revealed bands positive for NET in mesenteric PVAT by Western blot. Taken together, we found that PVAT is a reservoir of NE that can remove NE from the blood vessel environment, an important finding to understand vasculature-PVAT interactions in health and disease.
A detailed risk assessment of shale gas development on headwater streams in the Pennsylvania portion of the Upper Susquehanna River Basin, U.S.A.

The development of unconventional oil and gas (UOG) involves infrastructure development (well pads, roads and pipelines), well drilling and stimulation (hydraulic fracturing), and production; all of which have the potential to affect stream ecosystems. Here, we developed a fine-scaled (1:24,000) catchment-level disturbance intensity index (DII) that included 17 measures of UOG capturing all steps in the development process (infrastructure, water withdrawals, probabilistic spills) that could affect headwater streams ( 50). Well density, often used as a proxy for development, only correlated strongly with well pad coverage and produced materials, and therefore may miss potential effects associated with roads and pipelines, water withdrawals and spills. When analyzed with a future development scenario, 91.1% of EV stream length, 68.7% of Class A streams and 80.0% of patches were in catchments with a moderate to high probability of development. Our method incorporated the cumulative effects of UOG on streams and can be used to identify catchments and reaches at risk to existing stressors or future development.
A mixed methods study on cbam and the adoption of thin client computers by adolescents

Although stages of change and adoption of innovation dynamics have been examined for adult populations, comparable research for adolescents is limited. Applying a change instrument grounded in Concerns-Based Adoption Model (CBAM) to an adolescent population, this study investigates perceptions of 45 middle school students who used thin client portable computers in a one-to-one program at home and at school for 3 years. A mixed methodology design identified which of the 7 stages of concern students passed through and why some students adopted the innovation more readily than others. The Change Facilitator Stages of Concern Questionnaire, a modified version of CBAM, was used to collect quantitative data from students at the beginning and at the end of 6th grade. Qualitative interviews from 8 purposively selected students, their parents, and their teachers supplemented the survey data in the final year of the program. To guide this study, three questions were investigated: (1) What stages of concern were evident? (2) To what extent can variation in these stages of concern be explained by select demographic measures? (3) Based on the qualitative interviews, how do select students describe their adoption? Three distinct adoption pathways emerged in both the population and the sample. In Pathway 1, progressions occurred from lower to higher stages; in Pathway 2, no change between Pre- and Posttests; and in Pathway 3, backwards movement occurred through the stages. Unexpectedly, only 5 of the 7 stages of change were high stage scores. Regression analysis also revealed two significant findings: first, in the posttest analysis, the dependent variable (free lunch) suggested that poverty levels may influence a slower progression through CBAM stages; and second, there was a significant difference in pre- and posttest second high stage scores for the dependent variable (gender), suggesting that adolescent males gained nearly two more stages of change than did females. This study appears to be the first adaptation of the Change Facilitator Stages of Concern for adolescents. Both quantitative and qualitative evidence explained that adolescent pathways differ fundamentally from those of adults.
On the Relation of Computing to the World

I survey a common theme that pervades the philosophy of computer science (and philosophy more generally): the relation of computing to the world. Are algorithms merely certain procedures entirely characterizable in an “indigenous,” “internal,’ “intrinsic,” “local,” “narrow,” “syntactic” (more generally: “intra-system”), purely-Turing-machine language? Or must algorithms interact with the real world, having a purpose that is expressible only in a language with an “external,” “extrinsic,” “global,” “wide,” “inherited” (more generally: “extra” or “inter-“system) semantics?
Is the state endorsement of any marriage justifiable? Same-sex marriage, civil unions, and the marriage privatization model

issue of same-sex marriage is one of the most controversial and politically polarizing matters of American public policy. A great deal of literature has been generated and the issue is never far from the public eye. From political commentators to comedy talk-show hosts the issue of same-sex marriage is a loaded topic. At the 2006 "Value Voter's Summit" sponsored by the evangelically grounded "Family Research Council," mainstream and marginal conservative politicians alike used the issue of same-sex marriage as a rallying cry to their constituents. Republican Congresswoman Marilyn Musgrave of Colorado went so far as to claim that of all the issues currently facing the American public, the issue of same-sex marriage is the most pressing.1 Despite all of this attention, or maybe because of it, the strident hostility that many exhibit against the idea of same-sex marriage seems to far outstrip what is warranted by publicly identifiable reasons alone, as arguments against same-sex marriage tend to drift toward the private sphere of comprehensive values rather than public reason. The need is therefore clear, from a Rawlsian perspective, for an emphasis on public reason regarding debate over legislation on the topic of same-sex marriage. Ronald Dworkin, though himself an advocate of same-sex marriage, has described, in the September 21 , 2006, issue of "The New York Review of Books," the argument against same-sex marriage which he believes to have the most merit.
Expression and characterization of recombinant β-subunit hCG homodimer

We have linked two human chrionic gonadotropin (hCG) β-subunit cDNAs in tandem such that the expressed fusion protein consists of two mature β-subunits joined through the carboxy terminal peptide of the first β-subunit. A single glycine residue is inserted between the two subunits in the fusion protein. Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells transformed with a clone that contains the fused cDNAs express and secrete a protein that is consistent with it being a β-hCG homodimer protein. These β-homodimer molecules can recombine with two free α-subunits indicating that both β-subunits within the homodimer are likely folded in their native conformation. Our data also suggest that the two β-subunits fold upon each other as a globular protein and do not appear to exist as a simple fusion of two linear β-subunits. Further-more, the two β-monomer subunits in the fusion protein form a stable homodimer that can bind and activate the hLH/CG receptor specifically. Recombination of the fusion protein with α-subunits appears to favor an arrangement where two α-subunits combine with a single molecule of the fusion protein. The recombined molecule consists of four subunits and is comparable to two tethered hCG moieties, which constitutes a hCG dimer. This hormone dimer can bind and activate the hLH/CG receptor with an activity approximating that of native hCG.
Isolation of transfer RNA genes from Neurospora crassa.

Abstract The DNA sequences that code for tRNA in Neurospora , crassa have been isolated in a highly purified state by repeated hybridization of DNA with tRNA and fractionation of DNA:RNA hybrids and unhybridized single-stranded DNA by chromatography on hydroxyapatite columns. The tRNA cistrons comprise about 0.3 per cent of the N. , crassa genome. There are about 2640 separate tRNA cistrons per Neurospora nucleus in which a particular DNA sequence coding for any one of the sixty different tRNA species are repeated about 44 times.
Esophageal Anatomy and Physiology for the Surgeon

The esophagus can be divided into three anatomic parts, i.e., the cervical, thoracic, and abdominal esophagus. The esophageal wall consists of three layers: the mucosa, the submucosa, and the muscle layer, which is composed of an inner circular and an outer longitudinal layer. The lymphatic drainage is not segmental: lymph can flow for a long distance in the plexus before crossing the muscular layer and reaching the paraesophageal lymph nodes.
How Do Learners Approach Dialogic, On-Line Mathematics Videos?

On-line math videos for student learning are abundant; yet they are surprisingly uniform in their expository mode of presentation and their emphasis on procedural skill. In response, we created an alternative model of on-line math videos that are dialogue-intensive and focus on the development of mathematical meaning and problem solving. Each video shows a pair of students (called the talent) next to their mathematical inscriptions, which allows other students viewing the videos (called vicarious learners) to see both the talent and their work clearly. In this exploratory study, we investigated how eleven pairs of vicarious learners approached a research session in which they were asked to watch these videos and then solve a related mathematical task. We found qualitatively different ways that the vicarious learner pairs interpreted the goal of the research session, which, in turn, constrained their behavior when solving the task and getting information from the videos. Specifically, by drawing upon board-game theory, we inferred that the vicarious learners engaged in four different games: (a) the Definition game, (b) the Concept Image game, (c) the Procedure game and (d) the Video Expert game. The particular game that vicarious learners played had consequences for the productivity of their mathematical work. This article explores the significance and implications of these results.
Battered-Woman Syndrome

Keywords: anxiety disorders; gender psychology; domestic violence; post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD); trauma; victim
Chapter 3 Diagenesis of Sandstones

Summary This chapter concerns the diagenetic modification of sands following deposition, such modifications occurring as progressive stages. Redoxomorphic (oxidation-reduction) reactions involving iron in particular characterize early burial. Locomorphic changes (cementation and mineral replacement) involving primarily silica and carbonates are typical of lithification. The phyllomorphic stage (authigenesis of micas and feldspars) is a late burial feature. Chemical reactions which occur during each of the three stages of diagenesis result in equilibrium mineral assemblages which are considered to identify the pH and Eh of the interstitial fluids. Shifts in the direction of equilibria are indicated by corresponding changes in the mineral assemblage. Although a secondary mineralogy characterizes most of the diagenetic progression there may be also removal of detrital mineral matter to produce a simple residual mineralogy, and special granular intersutured textures.