cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Stark modulation of the electronic spectrum of pyridine in benzene at 1.6 K

Abstract The Stark-modulated spectra of the OO band of the 1 B 1 ← 1 N 1 (n → π*) transition of pyridine in single crystals of benzene were studied for all principal directions of the applied field. The molecules were found to be oriented with their C 2 axis nearly parallel to the benzene CH bond direction closest to the crystallographic b -axis. The Lorentz field corrected dipole moment change on exciation was found to be 2.6 ± 0.1 debye.
“We Reject: Kings, Presidents, and Voting”: Internet Community Autonomy in Managing the Growth of the Internet

ABSTRACT The Internet is currently facing the gravest challenge in its 30-year history as IPv4 addresses, the fundamental numbers required for a machine to connect to the Internet, run out. Despite the economic importance of the issue, states have played little role in its governance. This article uses organization theory to examine how the Internet community of technical experts in the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) and Regional Internet Registries (RIRs) has been protective of their expert authority and maintained autonomy to manage the address exhaustion problem on their own, guarding against “political” interventions in Internet governance by states.
Social network generation and friend ranking based on mobile phone data

Social networking websites have been increasingly popular in the recent years. The users create and maintain their social networks by themselves in these websites by establishing or removing the connections to friends and sites of interests. The smart phones not only create a high availability for social network applications, but also serve for all forms of digital communication such as voice or video calls, e-mails and texts, which are also the ways to form or maintain our social network. In this paper, we deal with the problem of automatically generating and organizing social networks by analyzing and assessing mobile phone usage and interaction data. We assign weights to the different types of interactions. The interactions among users are then evaluated based on these weight values for certain periods of time. We use these values to rank the friends of users by a sports ranking algorithm, which recognizes the changes in the collected data over time.
SiS in Orion-KL: evidence for "outflow" chemistry.

The J = 6-5 and J = 5-4 rotational transitions at 91 and 109 GHz toward Orion-KL provide evidence for the presence of SiS at an LSR velocity of 7.5 km/sec and with a half-width at zero power of 36 km/sec. The estimated current density corresponds to a fractal abundance of about 4 x 10 to the -9th. The implied SiO/SiS ratio of about 60 is close to the cosmic O/S ratio of about 40 and is much less than that predicted by ion-molecule models. Other unidentified lines near 91 and 109 have been identified.
Dirac particle in a box, and relativistic quantum Zeno dynamics

After developing a complete set of eigenfunctions for a Dirac particle restricted to a box, the quantum Zeno dynamics of a relativistic system is considered. The evolution of a continuously observed quantum mechanical system is governed by the theorem put forth by Misra and Sudarshan. One of the conditions for quantum Zeno dynamics to be manifest is that the Hamiltonian is semi-bounded. This Letter analyzes the effects of continuous observation of a particle whose time evolution is generated by the Dirac Hamiltonian. The theorem by Misra and Sudarshan is not applicable here since the Dirac operator is not semi-bounded.
Clustering moving objects

Due to the advances in positioning technologies, the real time information of moving objects becomes increasingly available, which has posed new challenges to the database research. As a long-standing technique to identify overall distribution patterns in data, clustering has achieved brilliant successes in analyzing static datasets. In this paper, we study the problem of clustering moving objects, which could catch interesting pattern changes during the motion process and provide better insight into the essence of the mobile data points. In order to catch the spatial-temporal regularities of moving objects and handle large amounts of data, micro-clustering [20] is employed. Efficient techniques are proposed to keep the moving micro-clusters geographically small. Important events such as the collisions among moving micro-clusters are also identified. In this way, high quality moving micro-clusters are dynamically maintained, which leads to fast and competitive clustering result at any given time instance. We validate our approaches with a through experimental evaluation, where orders of magnitude improvement on running time is observed over normal K-Means clustering method [14].
Cell division in injuried spinal cord.

Thymidine-H3 radioautography was used to study the proliferative response to penetrating wounds of the mouse spinal cord. In one group of animals mononuclear leukocytes which infiltrate nervous tissue wounds were labeled by injecting thymidine-H3 prior to injury. In two other experimental groups the cells which synthesized DNA in the nervous tissue following the injury were labeled by giving either a single injection of isotope shortly before sacrifice or by giving four injections during the 24 hours prior to sacrifice. The animals were sacrificed over a five day period following spinal cord injury. Although the labeled nuclei in all three groups were similar in appearance, their distribution about the lesion was very different. The labeled blood cells were greatly concentrated at the wound, while the cells that responded to injury by DNA synthesis were much more evenly spread throughout the tissue. When these distributions were converted to straight lines and compared statistically, there was a very low probability that the group of cells labeled before injury and the two groups labeled after injury were samples from the same population. Although mononuclear leukocytes do proliferate in and around nervous tissue wounds, other cells originally present in the nervous tissue wounds, other cells originally present in the nervous tissue must also proliferate.
Performance of a Beowulf Computer System

The development of commodity-off-the-shelf computer hardware components has allowed for the trend in high performance computing away from computer-system vendor proprietary hardware. A Beowulf computer system is a high performance computer assembled from commodity-off-the-shelf hardware and uses application programming interface libraries and open source operating systems to create a unified computing environment. In this paper, a Beowulf computer system is described and a performance benchmarking exercise is presented. The simulation is a benchmark problem relevant to hydrocode simulations and specifically simulates the high-speed impact and penetration of a long rod. Through this simulation study and a comparison to similar simulations performed on other computer systems, the price/performance advantage of a Beowulf system is demonstrated.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
Growth of Streptococcus faecalus in dense culture

A fermentation system was designed and constructed to study the growth characteristics of microorganisms at low and high cell concentrations. The technique used to develop high cell densities utilized a rotating microfiltration unit to permit the removal of cell-free product from the fermenter. The fermenter volume and the filter were contained in a single unit composed of a series of concentric cylinders. Annuli contained the fermenter volume while the second outermost cylinder supported a microfiltration membrane. Feed to the system was pumped at constant rates, and the internal pressure built up to a value, which would effect the required filtration rate. The system was operated batchwise and continuously with and without filtration. The anaerobie growth characteristics of Streptococcus faccalus were determined at 37°C and pH 7.0 for batch, continuous, and continuous with filtration modes of operation. The growth characteristics were unchanged when the cell density was increased. Changes in cell yield peer model of glucose consumed were clearly illustrated during thee course of single run by operating the fermenter in the unsteady state with filtration. No consumption of glucose for developed was 40% packed cell volume, a value 45 times larger than could be grown in simple batch culture.
PeerGraph: A Distributed Data Structure for Peer-to-Peer Streaming

Video streaming over peer-to-peer networks has received significant attention recently. Accordingly, much work is done on video streaming under the assumption that all the peers have the whole movie. However, it is likely that many peers may only store a fraction of the movie due to their resource constraints. Therefore, there is a need to develop appropriate mechanisms to facilitate efficient streaming when each user stores a fraction of the movie. With this in mind, we propose a distributed data structure called PeerGraph in which each peer determines other peers having the previous or subsequent fractions of the movie and maintains pointers to these peers. In our model, a peer has full control on how many segments it wants to store. However, we require it to store consecutive segments. In order to stream, a client first finds a peer that contains the first segment and then uses the proposed PeerGraph to locate subsequent segments. We use extensive simulations to investigate the effect of various parameters. Simulation results support feasibility of the proposed scheme.
Internal fixation of pelvic ring disruptions.

Summary The internal fixation of pelvic ring fractures and dislocations has become more popular recently. Aggressive resuscitation of the injured patient includes pelvic stabilization and improves survival rates. Pelvic surgical exposures as well as the skeletal anatomy become more familiar as the orthopaedic surgeon gains experience in treating these difficult patients. Recent radiographic techniques for pelvic imaging facilitate comprehensive preoperative planning and intraoperative decision-making for pelvic injuries. Improved outcomes are expected as treatment is individualized for each patient.
Engineering of computer based systems (ECBS), panel introduction

Computer-based systems (CBS) are those for which behavior is, to a substantial degree, determined or controlled by computers. Computer-based systems affect virtually everything we do. The author argues in support of research, education, and standards that improve our system engineering capability. She maintains we need to address the wide variety of technological and nontechnological issues involved in acquiring, supplying, designing, developing, producing, utilizing, and maintaining systems in which significant portions of system behavior is computer controlled. In recognition of this need, the IEEE Computer Society established the Technical Committee on the Engineering of Computer- Based Systems (www.computer.org/tab/tclist/tcecbs.htm). In November 2001, the Computer Society published a special theme issue of IEEE Computer on ECBS.
Hydrogen partition coefficients between nominally anhydrous minerals and basaltic melts

[1] We have measured hydrogen partition coefficients between nominally anhydrous minerals (olivine, pyroxenes) and basaltic melts in 13 hydrous melting experiments performed at upper mantle P-T conditions (1–2 GPa and 1230–1380°C). Resulting liquids have 3.1–6.4 wt.% H2O and average mineral/melt partition coefficients as follows: DHol/melt = 0.0017 ± 0.0005 (n = 9), DHopx/melt = 0.019 ± 0.004 (n = 8), and DHcpx/melt = 0.023 ± 0.005 (n = 2). Mineral/mineral partition coefficients are DHol/opx = 0.11 ± 0.01 (n = 4), DHol/cpx = 0.08 ± 0.01 (n = 2) and DHcpx/opx = 1.4 ± 0.3 (n = 1). These measurements confirm that water behaves similarly to Ce during mantle melting (DHperidotite/melt is ∼0.009). For mantle water concentrations of 50–200 ppm, the onset of melting is 5–20 km deeper than the dry solidus, less than previous estimates.
Kerr effect and birefringence from paraelectric CN− defects in nine alkali halides

Substitutional CN− defects in the sodium-, potassium- and rubidium-chlorides, -bromides, and iodides are investigated at low temperatures (2 to 8 K) under electric fields E of different symmetry for their field-induced birefringence Δn(E) (Kerr-effect). In all nine crystal systems, a para-electric Kerr-effect is found with a pronounced anisotropy giving evidence for 〈111〉 CN− symmetry in the six potassium- and rubidium-halides, and 〈100〉 symmetry in the three sodium-halides. Under increase of the CN− concentration, anisotropic birefringence effects appear (without field) under cooling of the crystals, indicating low temperature ordering of interacting CN− dipole clusters. Substitutionelle CN− -Storstellen in Natrium-, Kalium- and Rubidiumchloriden, -bromiden und -jodiden werden bei tiefen Temperaturen unter elektrischen Feldern verschiedener Symmetrie auf ihre feldinduzierte Doppelbrechung (Kerr-Effekt) untersucht. In allen neun Kristallsystemen wird ein paraelektrischer Kerreffekt gefunden, dessen Anisotropie eine 〈111〉-Symmetrie des CN− fur Kalium- und Rubidiumhalogenide, und eine 〈100〉-Symmetrie fur Natriumhalogenide zeigt. Unter zunehmender CN− -Konzentration treten beim Abkuhlen spontan (ohne Feld) anisotrope Doppelbrechungseffekte in den Kristallen auf, die Ordnungsprozesse von wechselwirkenden Dipolclustern bei tiefen Temperaturen zeigen.
Practices in Mixed-Signal and RF IC Testing

Mixed-signal (analog and digital) testing and RF testing pose major cost and quality challenges to the development of high-speed wired and wireless network and communication ICs. This article presents a brief overview of common industry practices for testing mixed-signal and RF ICs. We also present examples of DFT and BIST techniques for wired and wireless transceivers. Finally, we discuss the testing challenges of system-in-package (SiP) products and selected DFT approaches in use today.
The synthesis of combinational logic to generate probabilities

As CMOS devices are scaled down into the nanometer regime, concerns about reliability are mounting. Instead of viewing nano-scale characteristics as an impediment, technologies such as PCMOS exploit them as a source of randomness. The technology generates random numbers that are used in probabilistic algorithms. With the PCMOS approach, different voltage levels are used to generate different probability values. If many different probability values are required, this approach becomes prohibitively expensive.In this work, we demonstrate a novel technique for synthesizing logic that generates new probabilities from a given set of probabilities. Three different scenarios are considered in terms of whether the given probabilities can be duplicated and whether there is freedom to choose them. In the case that the given probabilities cannot be duplicated and are predetermined, we provide a solution that is FPGA-mappable. In the case that the given probabilities cannot be duplicated but can be freely chosen, we provide an optimal choice. In the case that the given probabilities can be duplicated and can be freely chosen, we demonstrate how to generate arbitrary decimal probabilities from small sets -- a single probability or a pair of probabilities -- through combinational logic.
Knowledge-Based Identification of Soluble Biomarkers: Hepatic Fibrosis in NAFLD as an Example

The study was essentially self-funded. ELISA kits were purchased by one of the co-authors (EP). Access to Metacore and Pathway studio software were purchased by GMUand Inova Hospital, respectively. No external funding was used.
The bush foundation's faculty development projects

Guidelines for creating faculty development programs need to be devised in order to encourage teamwork in curricular design, to assist in faculty evaluations, and to prepare faculty for changing demographic patterns.
The design of a standard message passing interface for distributed memory concurrent computers

This paper presents an overview of MPI, a proposed standard message passing interface for MIMD distributed memory concurrent computers. The design of MPI has been a collective effort involving researchers in the United States and Europe from many organizations and institutions. MPI includes point-to-point and collective communication routines, as well as support for process groups, communication contexts, and application topologies. While making use of new ideas where appropriate, the MPI standard is based largely on current practice.
Applying Power System Stabilizers Part II: Performance Objectives and Tuning Concepts

This part of a three-part paper deals first with the performance objectives of power system stabilizers in terms of the type of oscillations for which they are intended to provide damping, the operating conditions for which the requirement for stabilization is greatest, the need to accommodate multiple modes of oscillation, and the significance of interplant modes of oscillation. It next treats stabilizer tuning. General tuning guidelines are developed as well as variations required for different input signals. The operating conditions under which each type of stabilizer should be tuned are identified. The relationship between phase compensation tuning and root locus analysis is presented. Finally, the relative performance characteristics of the three types of stabilizers are examined for both small perturbations and large disturbances.
Some Variations on the Mardon Model

This essay is the outgrowth of a generalized model of the Morgenstern-Thompson (M-T) Open Expanding Economy model [4] developed by L. Mardon [2l. In her generalization Mardon succeeded in showing that the M-T model could be constructed along the lines of the original von Neumann model [6], that is, the open model could be expressed in closed form. This was done in part by reformulating the input and output matrices accordingly as to include the import and export activities of the economy as a part of the input activities and the subsidization and taxation activities as a part of the output activities of the economy. The justification for this is provided below. Mardon proved that this reconstructed von Neumann economy had the same equilibrium as the original M-T model. The method used and the justification for following this approach is discussed below. The need for the type of analysis initiated by Mardon and continued in this essay, which constitutes some of her “unfinished business”, is as follows: economic activities are often subject to lags of one degree or another. Payments and receipts, revenues and expenditures, imports and exports are the most obvious examples that come to mind. These time discrepencies are the result of both economic and non-economic consequences. A few examples will suffice. The lags operative in fiscal and monetary policy are well recognized (although less well-known) and the preference for one over the other to produce some intended result is sometimes dependent on the lags therein. Short delivery lags is one reason, among others, that West Germany continues to report large surpluses in its trade balance after a substantial currency realignment which was intended to accomplish just the opposite result. The often discussed practice of indexing in Brazil is used not only to correct for inflationary consequences but also to redistribute income away from one class of citizens to another. This later goal is achieved by implementing different indexing lags as well as using a variety of indexes for different types of income.
Moist Soils Reduce the Effectiveness of Glyphosate on Cut Stumps of Buckthorn

ABSTRACT: Application of glyphosate to cut stumps is broadly viewed as an effective way to control invasive woody shrubs like the buckthorn species (Rhamnus cathartica L. and Frangula alnus Mill.). Since the primary cost associated with this control method is labor, identifying factors that improve efficacy is important. The objective of this research was to determine the effect of glyphosate concentration and soil moisture on the control of buckthorn using the cut-stump method. More than 600 mature buckthorn plants were cut and treated with glyphosate at concentrations between 0 and 41% active ingredient during October in soils varying from dry to moist. While increased glyphosate concentration improved control rates, soil moisture played a dominant role. In moist soils, the impact of glyphosate concentration was insignificant (z=-1.723, p=0.085), and between 40% and 60% of treated buckthorn plants escaped control at all glyphosate concentrations. In dry soils, however, control rates increased significan...
The rural hospital as a provider of health promotion programs.

: Although patient education has always been recognized as an essential function of a hospital, it was not until the health concerns of the nation focused on prevention that hospitals began to develop activities aimed at primarily healthy individuals. Hospital health promotion evolved from patient education about specific diseases to programs focused on modifying of lifestyle practices to prevent future debilitating conditions. Studies conducted in the early 1980s show hospital-based health promotion programs increasing in number and including such target populations as senior citizens, children, business people, and hospital employees. However, the extent of involvement of the rural hospital in offering health promotion programs has not been clearly established. The current study was conducted to determine the status of health promotion programs in rural North Carolina hospitals. Elements considered were types of programs, target audiences, methods of financing, staff use, and availability of specialized facilities for health promotion programs. The results indicate rural hospitals do offer health promotion programs, but their primary focus is on hospital employees. Most programs are offered at low or no cost, making those offered for the community readily accessible. If input from the community is used and programming is aimed at specific health needs of rural populations, the rural hospital could make a significant contribution to an overall primary prevention strategy, lowering community health care costs.
Identification of a region in alcohol dehydrogenase that binds to α-crystallin during chaperone action

alpha-Crystallin, the major eye lens protein and a member of the small heat-shock protein family, has been shown to protect the aggregation of several proteins and enzymes under denaturing conditions. The region(s) in the denaturing proteins that interact with alpha-crystallin during chaperone action has not been identified. Determination of these sites would explain the wide chaperoning action (promiscuity) of alpha-crystallin. In the present study, using two different methods, we have identified a sequence in yeast alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) that binds to alpha-crystallin during chaperone-like action. The first method involved the incubation of alpha-crystallin with ADH peptides at 48 degrees C for 1 h followed by separation and analysis of bound peptides. In the second method, alpha-crystallin was first derivatized with a photoactive trifunctional cross-linker, sulfosuccinimidyl-2[6-(biotinamido)-2-(p-azidobenzamido)-hexanoamido]ethyl-1,3di-thiopropionate (sulfo-SBED), and then complexed with ADH at 48 degrees C for 1 h in the dark. The complex was photolyzed and digested with protease, and the biotinylated peptide fragments were isolated using an avidin column and then analyzed. The amino acid sequencing and mass spectral analysis revealed the sequence YSGVCHTDLHAWHGDWPLPVK (yeast ADH(40-60)) as the alpha-crystallin binding site in ADH. The interaction was further confirmed by demonstrating complex formation between alpha-crystallin and a synthetic peptide representing the binding site of ADH.
Effect of bilateral sacral decentralization on detrusor contractility and passive properties in dog

A series of five dogs underwent complete parasympathetic decentralization through a lumbosacral laminectomy. A full-thickness biopsy was taken from the anterior wall of the bladder before and 12 weeks after surgery. Both mucosa and adventitia were dissected out and muscle layer was cut into several consecutive longitudinal strips. Each strip was mounted in a muscle chamber and frequencyresponse curves were obtained at different pulse duration. Activelpassive force-length relationships were then obtained under condi tions of maximal electrical stimulation (100 V, 2 msec, 40 cps), by stretching the strips in successive increments until length of maximal active force development was reached. Curves were normalized per unit cross-sectional area of muscle. The maximum active stress of the specimens was taken as a measure of bladder contractility, and the rate of exponential increase in passive stress with strain (ratio of deformed to undeformed length) as a measure of detrusor stiffness. Twelve weeks after detrusor decentralization the following changes were found: (1) The frequency that yielded maximum contraction was 10 cps at 2- and 5-;msec pulse duration as compared to 40 cps in controls at every pulse duration. (2) The maximum active stress was 123.9 ± 13.8 vs 244.7 ± 24.7 gm/cm2 in controls (p<.001). (3) The level of strain corresponding to the maximal active stress was significantly reduced. (4) The stiffness of the bladder wall was markedly increased; the rate of exponential increase was 4.47 ± 0.63 vs 2.19 ± 0.42 in controls (p<.001). (5) Thickness of the bladder wall was significantly increased (7 ± 1 vs 4 ± 1 mm; p<.001). (6) Histology sections of the specimens demonstrated collagen infiltration in all layers as well as smooth muscle hyperplasia. In summary, the effects of parasympathetic decentralization of the bladder wall are collagen infiltration, increased thickness, increased stiffness, and decreased contractility.
The SpecC language

The SpecC Language is executable and synthesizable and gives precise coverage of system language requirements with orthogonal constructs for orthogonal concepts. SpecC has been adopted in industry and academia with the introduction of the SpecC Open Technology Consortium (STOC). For the future there is a standardization effort in progress by STOC.
The clinical effectiveness in wound healing with extracellular matrix derived from porcine urinary bladder matrix: a case series on severe chronic wounds

A study involving 3 patients was performed to evaluate the efficacy of Matristem, an extracellular matrix scaffold derived from the porcine urinary bladder matrix (UBM), to promote natural healing in patients with severe, chronic wounds that did not respond well to standard wound management. In all cases, the wounds closed after only a few weeks of repeated treatments with UBM, with all patients showing complete epithelialization of the wound with limited formation of scar tissue by 13 weeks after first treatment. These initial results suggest that UBM warrants further investigation for treatment of chronic nonhealing ulcers that are recalcitrant to standard wound therapies.
Software Design Patterns for Information Visualization

Despite a diversity of software architectures supporting information visualization, it is often difficult to identify, evaluate, and re-apply the design solutions implemented within such frameworks. One popular and effective approach for addressing such difficulties is to capture successful solutions in design patterns, abstract descriptions of interacting software components that can be customized to solve design problems within a particular context. Based upon a review of existing frameworks and our own experiences building visualization software, we present a series of design patterns for the domain of information visualization. We discuss the structure, context of use, and interrelations of patterns spanning data representation, graphics, and interaction. By representing design knowledge in a reusable form, these patterns can be used to facilitate software design, implementation, and evaluation, and improve developer education and communication
Automatic continuous online monitoring of polymerization reactions (ACOMP)

A brief overview of the principles and associated instrumentation used to monitor polymerization reactions by automatic continuous online monitoring of polymerization reactions (ACOMP) is presented. ACOMP can be used as an analytical method in R&D, as a tool for reaction optimization at the bench and pilot plant level and, eventually, for feedback control of full-scale reactors. ACOMP measures in a model-independent fashion the evolution of average molar mass and intrinsic viscosity, monomer conversion kinetics and, in the case of copolymers, also the average composition drift and distribution. A summary of areas of ACOMP application is given, which include free radical and controlled radical homo- and copolymerization, polyelectrolyte synthesis, heterogeneous phase reactions, including emulsion polymerization, adaptation to batch and continuous reactors, and modifications of polymers. Finally, a brief sketch of two novel complementary methods is given: automatic continuous mixing (ACM) and simultaneous multiple sample light scattering (SMSLS). Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
The Healthy Heart Race: a short-duration, hands-on activity in cardiovascular physiology for museums and science festivals

The “Healthy Heart Race” activity provides a hands-on demonstration of cardiovascular function suitable for lay audiences. It was field tested during the United States of America Science and Engine...
Spectrum and Isotropy of the Submillimeter Background Radiation

Two great astronomical discoveries have most shaped our present concept of the Big Bang universe. Like the Hubble recession of the galaxies, the discovery of the 3°K background radiation by Penzias and Wilson [1] in 1965 has given rise to a line of research which is still very active today. Penzias and Wilson’s universal microwave background at 7 cm was immediately interpreted by R. H. Dicke’s group [2] at Princeton as coming from the primordial fireball of incandescent plasma which filled the universe for the million years or so after its explosive birth. This interpretation gives rise to two crucial predictions as to the nature of the background radiation. Its spectrum should be thermal even after having been red shifted by a factor of ~1000 by the expansion of the universe, and the radiation should be isotropic-assuming that the universe itself is isotropic. If the background radiation is indeed from the primordial fireball, it affords us our only direct view at the very young universe. This paper will deal with the spectrum and then the isotropy of the background radiation, with emphasis on high frequency or submillimeter measurements. Prospects for the future will be discussed briefly at the end.
Effect of interference on a wireless link with frequency hopping

We study the performance of a fixed frequency hopping (FH) wireless system that transmits traffic over a wireless link that is subject to random interference. The system consists of an access device that buffers traffic to transmission over N FH channels. Bit errors on the FH channels are controlled by a hybrid ARQ/FEC protocol. We analyze the effect of interference on traffic blocking and delay at the access device. To alleviate the effect of interference on traffic performance, we investigate the use of FEC as well as a simple dynamic frequency hopping (DFH) strategy that allows the transmitter to avoid hopping to the bad channels. We present numerical results that quantify the adverse effect of interference on traffic blocking and delay, as the hopping frequency is varied. In addition, the results indicate that FEC is effective in improving traffic performance, and the effect of interference on traffic performance can even be eliminated by a DFH strategy.
Comparison of Photovoltaic Array Maximum Power Point Tracking Techniques

The many different techniques for maximum power point tracking of photovoltaic (PV) arrays are discussed. The techniques are taken from the literature dating back to the earliest methods. It is shown that at least 19 distinct methods have been introduced in the literature, with many variations on implementation. This paper should serve as a convenient reference for future work in PV power generation.
Beryllium Capsule Coating Development for NIF Targets

AbstractVarious morphologies have been observed in sputter-deposited Be ablator capsules, including nodular growth, cone growth and twisted grain growth. By devising an agitation method that includes both bouncing and rolling the spherical mandrels during deposition, and by reducing the coating rate, consistent columnar grain structure has now been obtained up to 170 mm. Low mode deformation of the shells is observed on thin CH mandrels, but is suppressed if stiffer mandrels are used. Ablator density measured by weighing and x-ray radiography is 93%–95% of bulk density of Be. Transmission electron microscopy shows 100.200 nm size voids in the film and striations inside the grains. Be shells produced with rolling agitation have met most of the NIF specifications. Some of the few remaining issues will be discussed.
MicroRNA-3151 inactivates TP53 in BRAF-mutated human malignancies

The B-Raf proto-oncogene serine/threonine kinase (BRAF) gene is the most frequently mutated gene in malignant melanoma (MM) and papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) and is causally involved in malignant cell transformation. Mutated BRAF is associated with an aggressive disease phenotype, thus making it a top candidate for targeted treatment strategies in MM and PTC. We show that BRAF mutations in both MM and PTC drive increased expression of oncomiR-3151, which is coactivated by the SP1/NF-κB complex. Knockdown of microRNA-3151 (miR-3151) with short hairpin RNAs reduces cell proliferation and increases apoptosis of MM and PTC cells. Using a targeted RNA sequencing approach, we mechanistically determined that miR-3151 directly targets TP53 and other members of the TP53 pathway. Reducing miR-3151's abundance increases TP53's mRNA and protein expression and favors its nuclear localization. Consequently, knockdown of miR-3151 also leads to caspase-3-dependent apoptosis. Simultaneous inhibition of aberrantly activated BRAF and knockdown of miR-3151 potentiates the effects of sole BRAF inhibition with the BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib and may provide a novel targeted therapeutic approach in BRAF-mutated MM and PTC patients. In conclusion, we identify miR-3151 as a previously unidentified player in MM and PTC pathogenesis, which is driven by BRAF-dependent and BRAF-independent mechanisms. Characterization of TP53 as a downstream effector of miR-3151 provides evidence for a causal link between BRAF mutations and TP53 inactivation.
Friedrich Naumann: From Christian Socialist to Social Darwinist

In this kingdom of God all our thinking, speculation, and imagination must be engaged. We must criticize everything from the perspective of God's kingdom as certainly as the Social Democrats criticize everything from the perspective of their imaginary ideal. . . . When we speak of God's kingdom on earth, our speech must sound like the chatter of children when they talk about their parental home, where happiness and peace prevail.1 —Friedrich Naumann, 1889
Isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in the gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus).

SummaryAdult, male gerbils were subjected to two sc injections of the potent beta-adrenergic stimulating agent isoproterenol. The animals promptly manifested severe tachycardia and became prostrate, and as the cardiac-stimulating effects of the drug began to wane, most of the animals began to recover. However, after the second injection of the drug, 30-40% of the animals succumbed due to shock and myocardial infarction. Myocardial necrosis, consisting of longitudinal streaks limited to the myocardium proper, became maximal on Day 3 and was no longer grossly visible by Day 8. Microscopically, scattered foci of damaged muscle cells covered with a granular admixture of calcium and mucopolysaccharide were still apparent with little or no evidence of fibroblasts or white blood cells. Concomitant with the acute myocardial ischemia, severe hepatic steatosis, islet beta cell degranulation, marked adrenal hypertrophy, and thymus gland involution, these gerbils displayed dynamic changes in circulating CPK, triglyce...
More on Finite Subsets and Simple Closed Polygonal Paths

Since F is finite we can find parallel hyperplanes 7r and 7r' such that F is contained "between" 7r and 7r'. (Figure 1 gives the picture in going from R2 to R3.) Let T be the set of points determined by the intersection with 7r' of all lines in Rmn which contain two or more points of F. Let z be any point in 7r'T and K(F) be the set of all segments joining pairs of points in F. The region bounded by 7r and 7r' is convex since it is the intersection of two convex regions. Therefore K(F) also lies in this region. Let Jz be the projection of K(F) onto 7r from z, i.e., if yEK(F), then jz(y) is the intersection with 7r of the line determined by y and z. Since the points of F are not all coplanar, the points of j2(F) are not all collinear, for if they were then F would be in the plane determined by j,(F) and z. Since z C7r'-T, j4 F is 1-1, and the image of K(F) is the set of all segments joining pairs of points in jz(F). By the induction hypothesis, j2(K(F)) contains a s.c.p.p. C for which j,(F) is the set of vertices. Then j7-(C) is a s.c.p.p. for which F is the set of vertices. If x and y are distinct points of the m-sphere Sm, a segment joining x and y
Freeway Speed Harmonization

In this paper, we present an overview and background on speed harmonization (SH). This paper reviews a number of representative studies that designed traffic control algorithms based on variable speed limits, ramp metering, connected vehicle, or automated vehicle for SH. We summarize fundamental mechanisms, control algorithms, and evaluation results of these studies. We investigate the opportunities brought by a portion of the vehicles communicating with each other using new technologies. We also investigate opportunities due to some vehicles having automated speed control. We discuss experiments undertaken and underline a new experiment performed in real traffic. Finally, we discuss other new SH experiments that can be undertaken as market penetration makes communication ubiquitous.
Nursing care of children with hemophagocytic syndrome associated with Epstein-Barr virus infection

Objective:To study the effective nursing meaures of children with hemophagocytic syndrome(HPS) associated with Epstein-Barr virus(EBV) infection.Methods:To observe the change of patient's condition closely,adopt the effective measures for controlling temperature,bleeding and infection,strengthen the dermatic nursing and dietetic management and use the various component transfusion and blood products accurately.Results:Of 15 sick children,5 cases were on the mend,5 cases discarded the related treatment due to the deterioration of patient's condition,3 cases died.Conclusion:The effective nursing can obviously improve the curative effect,and decrease the occurrence of adverse reaction.
Childhood depression: five-year outcome following combined cognitive-behavior therapy and pharmacotherapy.

This report describes the treatment and five-year outcome of a girl who presented at 10 years of age with major depressive disorder, psychotic subtype. The applicability of cognitive-behavior thera...
Cataloging and Classifying Non-English Translations

Abstract This article provides an overview of the principles and rules employed in cataloging and classifying translations of English-language materials. Various AACR2 rules are discussed along with the translation cuttering table for call numbers. A brief annotated list of resources is also provided.
Utilizing boost and double injections for enhanced stratified-charge direct-injection spark-ignition engine operation with gasoline and E30 fuels

This study systematically explores the effects of injection strategy and exhaust-gas recirculation on boosted stratified-charge operation of a direct-injection spark-ignition engine using gasoline ...
Creating and Sustaining Competitive Advantage: Management Logics, Business Models, and Entrepreneurial Rent

Creating and Sustaining Competitive Advantage develops a unified strategic framework to explain the phenomena of competitive advantage and firm value creation in dynamic environments. Through a new strategic value creation theory, it explores how a firm can measure and sustain its competitive advantage through management incentives, capital market forces, organizational culture and structure, and social complexity. It also considers how management can utilize their resources and capabilities, shadow options, product market forces, customer needs, and organizational learning as a means to differentiate them from the competition. With an innovative approach to theory and research, it will be positioned to inform both scholars and practitioners in management, business strategy, and entrepreneurship on the process of competitive and sustainable value creation.
A fast, parallel algorithm for distant-dependent calculation of crystal properties

Abstract A fast, parallel algorithm for distant-dependent calculation and simulation of crystal properties is presented along with speedup results and methods of application. An illustrative example is used to compute the Lennard-Jones lattice constants up to 32 significant figures for 4 ≤ p ≤ 30 in the simple cubic, face-centered cubic, body-centered cubic, hexagonal-close-pack, and diamond lattices. In most cases, the known precision of these constants is more than doubled, and in some cases, corrected from previously published figures. The tools and strategies to make this computation possible are detailed along with application to other potentials, including those that model defects.
Intimate Partner Violence Among Transitional-Aged Women With and Without Disabilities: Implications for Social Work Practice

ABSTRACTAlthough women with disabilities are at increased risk for intimate partner violence (IPV), little is known about how this phenomenon impacts transitional-aged young women with disabilities who are still trying to master the developmental challenges of adolescence. This study explores risk factors for and prevalence of IPV by drawing on a population-based sample of women ages 18–21 with (N = 1,616,207) and without (N = 7,554,064) self-reported disabilities. Findings suggest that risk factors for IPV were more prevalent among sample members, as was past year experience of IPV. This study has implications for school social workers and disability service providers who interact with this population.
Application of Pyridostigmine in Pediatric Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders: A Case Series.

Gastrointestinal (GI) motility disorders are common in children. Treatment is challenging with limited medical and surgical options. Pyridostigmine, an acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor, increases acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction promoting intestinal contractions. Little is known about the role and dosing of pyridostigmine in pediatric GI motility disorders. We present a case series of children with GI dysmotility managed with oral pyridostigmine. Patients’ diagnoses include chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction, gastroparesis with delayed small bowel transit, chronic constipation with failure to thrive, and prolonged ileus after pelvic surgery with chronic opioid use. Pyridostigmine was effective and safe in all cases. Pyridostigmine decreased abdominal distention, increased bowel movement frequency, and improved enteral feeding tolerance. Effective dosing ranged between 0.25–2.0 mg/kg/day. One patient experienced cramping abdominal pain while on pyridostigmine, but pain resolved after medication was discontinued. We found oral pyridostigmine to be helpful in children with different GI motility problems. Pyridostigmine should be considered in such patients when other treatment interventions have not been beneficial.
The effect of managerial entrenchment on analyst bias

Abstract While analyst bias is well documented, its relationship with corporate governance has been neglected. We claim that entrenched management of covered firms significantly increases analyst bias. By using governance index as a proxy for managerial entrenchment, we show that analyst bias increases as managerial entrenchment increases and affiliated analysts do not provide biased research for firms with the least and most entrenched managers due to their reputational capital concerns. Furthermore, our results show that as the channels managers use to pressure analysts get clogged after the regulations that took place between 2000 and 2003, entrenched managers' effect on analyst behavior disappeared.
Scanning Probe Microscopy Studies of the Activation and Deactivation of Pd Thin Film Catalysts

Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) has been used to study the effects of O 2 , H 2 and H 2 S on Pd/SiO 2 supported thin film catalysts during 1,3 butadiene hydrogenation. The Pd/SiO 2 catalyst, treated with O 2 followed by H 2 at 450°C, has an initial conversion of 85% and a surface morphology of 60x65 nm 2 Pd grains and only deactivates slightly. After a second treatment, the reactivity was fully recovered and the surface morphology exhibits a redispersion of the Pd grains. The catalyst with a similar initial reactivity and morphology, but only treated in H 2 , shows a decrease in activity and coalescence of Pd grains after repeated treatment. XPS studies have shown that the O 2 and H 2 treated Pd/SiO 2 catalyst has a lower Pd binding energy than the H 2 treated Pd/SiO 2 . The Pd/SiO 2 catalyst treated with 3000 ppm H 2 S/H 2 deactivates completely and the surface shows scattered sub-micron to micron size sintered Pd “patches”. Treatment with 250 ppm H 2 S/H 2 on Pd catalyst displays a surface morphology of 272 x 196 nm 2 particles with 12% conversion after 4 hours of reaction. The effect of the substrate thickness and composition is also reported.
Proteotoxic Stress and Proteasome Inhibitor Efficacy and Resistance

Proteasome inhibitors have established themselves as the frontline therapy for multiple myeloma (MM) and they are displaying strong clinical activity in a variety of other hematological cancers. However, as is observed with other targeted agents, resistance to proteasome inhibitor therapy is emerging as a major clinical challenge. Accumulating evidence has implicated proteotoxicity in the cytotoxic mechanisms of proteasome inhibitors in cancer cells, and it is therefore not surprising that key resistance mechanisms involve inducible, physiological cytoprotective responses to proteotoxicity. Here I will discuss our current understanding of the role of proteotoxicity in the antitumor activities of proteasome inhibitors and the evidence that induced cytoprotective mechanisms could play important roles in mediating resistance.
A NEW CLASSIFICATION OF PATHWAYS REPAIRING PYRIMIDINE DIMER DAMAGE IN DNA

ABSTRACT Pathways of repair of pyrimidine-dimer damage are classified as intrareplicational if they operate on incompletely replicated segments of a chromosome and extrareplicational if they operate on unreplicated and completely replicated segments. Intrareplicational repair is divided into four pathways: 1. Transdimer synthesis (formerly SOS repair, mutation-prone repair and induced repair) 2. & 3. RecBC and alternate RecF pathways of breakage-reunion gap-filling (formerly postreplication repair and recombination repair) 4. Copy-choice excision (a new proposal). Extrareplicational repair is divided into three pathways: 1. Short patch excision which operates on unreplicated and completely replicated chromosome segments 2. Long patch excision which may operate only on completely replicated segments and 3. Incision-promoted-recombinational excision which may be the mechanism of long patch excision. Reliance of these pathways on particular genes is discussed as is their possible evolutionary significance.