cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
School staff, parent and student perceptions of a Breakfast in the Classroom model during initial implementation.

Objective To understand perspectives of stakeholders during initial district-wide implementation of a Breakfast in the Classroom (BIC) model of the School Breakfast Program. Design Qualitative data were collected from twenty-nine focus groups and twenty interviews with stakeholders in a school district early in the process of implementing a BIC model of the School Breakfast Program. Setting Ten elementary schools within a large, urban school district in the USA that served predominantly low-income, racial/ethnic minority students. Subjects Purposively selected stakeholders in elementary schools that had implemented BIC for 3-6 months: students (n 85), parents/guardians (n 86), classroom teachers (n 44), cafeteria managers (n 10) and principals (n 10). Results Four primary themes emerged, which were interpreted based on the Diffusion of Innovations model. School staff had changed their perceptions of both the relative disadvantages and costs related to time and effort of BIC over time; the majority of each stakeholder group expressed an appreciation for BIC; student breakfast consumption varied from day to day, related to compatibility of foods with child preferences; and stakeholders held mixed and various impressions of BIC's potential impacts. Conclusions The study underscores the importance of engaging school staff and parents in discussions of BIC programming prior to its initiation to pre-emptively address concerns related to cost, relative disadvantages and compatibility with child preferences and school routines/workflow. Effectively communicating with stakeholders about positive impacts and nutritional value of the meals may improve support for BIC. These findings provide new information to policy makers, districts and practitioners that can be used to improve implementation efforts, model delivery and outcomes.
Modeling User Interests for Zero-Query Ranking

Proactive search systems like Google Now and Microsoft Cortana have gained increasing popularity with the growth of mobile Internet. Unlike traditional reactive search systems where search engines return results in response to queries issued by the users, proactive systems actively push information cards to the users on mobile devices based on the context around time, location, environment (e.g., weather), and user interests. A proactive system is a zero-query information retrieval system, which makes user modeling critical for understanding user information needs. In this paper, we study user modeling in proactive search systems and propose a learning to rank method for proactive ranking. We explore a variety of ways of modeling user interests, ranging from direct modeling of historical interaction with content types to finer-grained entity-level modeling, and user demographical information. To reduce the feature sparsity problem in entity modeling, we propose semantic similarity features using word embedding and an entity taxonomy in knowledge base. Experiments performed with data from a large commercial proactive search system show that our method significantly outperforms a strong baseline method deployed in the production system.
The Conventional Route, Joining Global Capitalism: Track 2 — the Asian NICs

On the conventional route’s high speed track, only the more daring have managed to navigate the main thoroughfare. Fast-tracking runs greater risk of collision, but also offers the passengers greater rewards, at least in the short term, should they survive the deadly traffic. Both dismal failures and spectacular successes have been recorded.
Air Disaster Trauma (Paper in Abstract)

The first investigation of air accident trauma occurred in 1908 at Ft. Myer, Virginia. Orville Wright and Lt. Thomas Selfridge were in an accident in which Orville Wright was killed by falling from the disabled aircraft and suffering a severe skull fracture. In the years between this accident and the beginning of World War II little effort was made by physicians to study air accident trauma. The Luftwagge in Germany, early in World War II, developed the first scientific approach to the pathological and medical investigation of aviation accident trauma.
Novel pH-Sensitive Cyclic Peptides

A series of cyclic peptides containing a number of tryptophan (W) and glutamic acid (E) residues were synthesized and evaluated as pH-sensitive agents for targeting of acidic tissue and pH-dependent cytoplasmic delivery of molecules. Biophysical studies revealed the molecular mechanism of peptides action and localization within the lipid bilayer of the membrane at high and low pHs. The symmetric, c[(WE)4WC], and asymmetric, c[E4W5C], cyclic peptides translocated amanitin, a polar cargo molecule of similar size, across the lipid bilayer and induced cell death in a pH- and concentration-dependent manner. Fluorescently-labelled peptides were evaluated for targeting of acidic 4T1 mammary tumors in mice. The highest tumor to muscle ratio (5.6) was established for asymmetric cyclic peptide, c[E4W5C], at 24 hours after intravenous administration. pH-insensitive cyclic peptide c[R4W5C], where glutamic acid residues (E) were replaced by positively charged arginine residues (R), did not exhibit tumor targeting. We have introduced a novel class of cyclic peptides, which can be utilized as a new pH-sensitive tool in investigation or targeting of acidic tissue.
Identifying Associations Between State Medicaid Expansion Decisions and Spatial Disparities in County Insurance Rate Changes Under the Affordable Care Act

By the end of 2014, twenty-four states rejected Medicaid expansion, providing a unique opportunity to examine changes in insurance coverage rates after the implementation of the Affordable Care Act within and between states that did versus did not expand Medicaid. Using multilevel regression analyses of county-level non-elderly adult small area health insurance estimates (N = 3135) from the US Census Bureau, several important findings emerge. Compared to counties located in states that did not expand Medicaid, counties located in states that did expand experienced significantly larger increases in adult health insurance coverage rates between 2013 and 2014, net of the county baseline insurance coverage rate, socioeconomic and demographic composition, and labor market characteristics. In states that did not expand Medicaid, counties with larger shares of vulnerable residents (i.e., poor adults and low education) experienced lagging improvements in health insurance coverage. However, counties in states that expanded Medicaid were protected from several of these exacerbated disparities, and in some cases, experienced larger insurance coverage improvements than counties with less disadvantaged populations. These findings suggest that although insurance coverage increased in nearly all counties between 2013 and 2014, increases would have been larger and disparities would have been further alleviated if more states with highly concentrated vulnerable populations had expanded Medicaid.
Plant communication in a widespread goldenrod: keeping herbivores on the move

Summary Plant communication has been documented in over 35 plant species spanning 16 families to date; however, the underlying mechanisms through which it shapes plants' ecological interactions remain less clear. Using a combination of field/laboratory bioassays, headspace volatile and leaf chemical analyses in tall goldenrod (Solidago altissima), we tested the hypothesis that plant-to-plant communication affects the performance, feeding and movement behaviour of herbivores by changing plants' chemical phenotypes. We found that plant communication accelerates herbivore movement between host plants while simultaneously reducing herbivory. This suggests that plant communication can limit herbivore loads by keeping herbivores on the move between host plants. We demonstrate that volatile chemicals emitted from herbivore-attacked plants are sufficient to explain metabolic responses in and ecological consequences for the exposed neighbour plant. Volatile profiles of beetle (Trirhabda virgata)-damaged and undamaged plants show substantial compositional differences, especially in sesquiterpene emission, indicating that these differences have the potential to provide neighbouring plants with specific information about herbivores in the vicinity. Despite qualitative and phenological differences in plants' metabolic responses to herbivory-induced volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and feeding herbivores, herbivores nonetheless respond similarly to directly damaged plants and plants exposed to VOCs from damaged neighbours as if they were of equivalently poor quality. This study suggests that by enlarging the spatial scale at which induced resistance affects the distribution of plant chemical phenotypes in plant populations, VOC-mediated plant communication alters the movement behaviour and performance of herbivores. A lay summary is available for this article.
Honey Bee Deformed Wing Virus Structures Reveal that Conformational Changes Accompany Genome Release.

ABSTRACT The picornavirus-like deformed wing virus (DWV) has been directly linked to colony collapse; however, little is known about the mechanisms of host attachment or entry for DWV or its molecular and structural details. Here we report the three-dimensional (3-D) structures of DWV capsids isolated from infected honey bees, including the immature procapsid, the genome-filled virion, the putative entry intermediate (A-particle), and the empty capsid that remains after genome release. The capsids are decorated by large spikes around the 5-fold vertices. The 5-fold spikes had an open flower-like conformation for the procapsid and genome-filled capsids, whereas the putative A-particle and empty capsids that had released the genome had a closed tube-like spike conformation. Between the two conformations, the spikes undergo a significant hinge-like movement that we predicted using a Robetta model of the structure comprising the spike. We conclude that the spike structures likely serve a function during host entry, changing conformation to release the genome, and that the genome may escape from a 5-fold vertex to initiate infection. Finally, the structures illustrate that, similarly to picornaviruses, DWV forms alternate particle conformations implicated in assembly, host attachment, and RNA release. IMPORTANCE Honey bees are critical for global agriculture, but dramatic losses of entire hives have been reported in numerous countries since 2006. Deformed wing virus (DWV) and infestation with the ectoparasitic mite Varroa destructor have been linked to colony collapse disorder. DWV was purified from infected adult worker bees to pursue biochemical and structural studies that allowed the first glimpse into the conformational changes that may be required during transmission and genome release for DWV.
Robust impedance control with applications to a series-elastic actuated system

Impedance control offers a theoretical basis for safe interaction between a robot and the environment, but model uncertainty, disturbances and actuation dynamics can compromise the accuracy of the rendered impedance in implementation. If both the interactive force and motion are directly sensed, the relationship between them can be robustly regulated to present the desired impedance dynamics. In this paper, a Disturbance Observer based controller architecture is presented which offers performance robustness for impedance control. Conditions for stability and passivity are developed, then this controller is analyzed on a series-elastic actuated system. The effect of actuation dynamics on both performance and stability is analyzed, then experimental results are presented.
Comprehensive Analysis of 13,897 Consecutive Regional Anesthetics at an Ambulatory Surgery Center.

Objective The authors investigated a wide range of perioperative outcome measures in the context of a robust regional anesthesia practice. Design Comprehensive review of a prospectively collected six-year database. Setting Freestanding, academic ambulatory surgery center. Subjects There were 13,897 consecutive regional anesthetics in 10,338 patients. Methods We investigated patient satisfaction, postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), postoperative pain, catheter analgesia, and complications. Clinical risk factors were examined and presented as odds ratios for multiple outcome analyses including block success, patient satisfaction, PONV, and postoperative neurologic symptoms (PONS). Results Decreased block success was associated with nerve stimulation alone (P < 0.001), obesity (P = 0.001), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists classification (ASA; P = 0.01), lower extremity blocks (P = 0.04), and male sex (P < 0.001). Decreased patient satisfaction was associated with poor catheter analgesia (P < 0.001), complications (P < 0.001), higher ASA (P = 0.001), and younger age (P = 0.008). PONV was associated with postoperative pain (P < 0.005), female sex (P < 0.001), general anesthesia (P < 0.001), younger age (P = 0.001), lack of catheter (P = 0.03), and lack of dexamethasone/clonidine (D + C) adjuncts (P = 0.01). Serious complications and unexpected hospitalizations were rare (<0.2%). D + C adjuncts, lower extremity blocks, clonidine (but not dexamethasone alone), and female sex were associated with PONS (all P < 0.001). Conclusions A regional anesthesia-based practice in ambulatory surgery is an effective means of providing excellent postoperative analgesia and is associated with a low rate of PONV and unexpected admissions. Dexamethasone, clonidine, and their combination when combined with 0.5% ropivacaine may have mixed effects on PONS risk that warrant dose/concentration alterations of these three drugs in the context of off-label perineural adjunct use.
Function of musical instruments in surrogate languages in África: a clarification

The use of musical instruments for communicating over long distances is not unique to Africa. However, its practice and the accuracy with which information is transmitted from one region to another in this continent, continue to lend themselves to scientific investigations.
Examining the Relationship Between Mindfulness and Multicultural Counseling Competencies in Counselor Trainees

This exploratory study examined the relationship between mindfulness and multicultural counseling competencies (MCC) in counselor trainees. One hundred fifty-seven masters and doctoral students in counseling and therapy-related fields completed a survey containing the Multicultural Counseling Inventory (MCI), Five-Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ), and the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II). Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients were calculated between scales and subscales of the MCC, mindfulness, and acceptance. A hierarchical regression was used to examine the association of mindfulness and mindfulness practices (the total length of mindfulness practice and the duration of weekly mindfulness practice) on MCC along with multicultural training (number of multicultural counseling courses and practica completed) and demographic factors. The results of the study showed that mindfulness and MCC were positively and strongly correlated (r = .48, p < .01). Moreover, all mindfulness facets were positively and significantly correlated with MCC and majority of its subscales. The results suggested that individuals who believed themselves to be more mindful in their daily lives (especially those who reported observing and describing their experiences without automatically reacting) also tended to think of themselves as more multiculturally competent. In addition, mindfulness and mindfulness practices contributed a significant amount of additional variance on MCC and its subscales above and beyond the multicultural training and demographic variables. Study limitations and directions for future research were discussed.
Public Health Detailing to Increase Routine HIV Screening in Baltimore, Maryland: Satisfaction, Feasibility, and Effectiveness.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the satisfaction with, and the feasibility and effectiveness of, a public health detailing project focused on increasing routine human immunodeficiency v...
Plasticity of female reproductive resource allocation depends on the presence or absence of prior environmental sex determination in Ceratopteris richardii

Resource allocation plasticity enables individuals to alter patterns of nutrient use between reproductive and vegetative output to better fit their current environment. In sexually labile plant species, abiotic environmental factors can influence expression of dimorphic gender, resulting in environmental sex determination (ESD), which potentially reduces the need for plasticity of resource allocation by preemptively matching an individual's future nutrient demands to resource availability in its location. Ceratopteris richardii gametophytes exhibit gender-dependent differences in relative carbon and nitrogen content, and ESD in certain nutrient environments. This study examined whether prior ESD in C. richardii gametophyte populations reduced subsequent plasticity of reproductive allocation compared to instances where no ESD occurred, by quantifying phenotypic responses to reduced P, N, or CO 2 availabilities. All three nutrient-limited environments resulted in decreased size of egg-bearing (meristic) gametophytes compared to nonlimited environments, but gametophytes failed to respond to N and CO 2 limitation at the time of sex determination, resulting in no ESD. N limitation resulted in a predictable allometric re-allocation of resources based on small gametophyte size, whereas CO 2 limitation caused a change in reproductive output consistent with true plasticity. Withholding exogenous P caused ESD and had no effect on relative reproductive output of resultant meristic gametophytes because the size decrease was minor. Under P limitation, ESD matched the resource demands of gender phenotypes to their environment before the onset of developmental dimorphism, reducing the need for large allocation adjustments after sex determination.
Monoclonal Antibodies: Pragmatic Application of Immunology and Cell Biology

Monoclonal antibodies represent a natural extension of research efforts directed at understanding the structure and function of antibody molecules. In this paper, essential concepts that led to development of monoclonal antibody technology are outlined, including a short discussion on antibody structure and genetics. An overview of the theory of monoclonal antibody production is presented, as well as a comparison of the properties of monoclonal antibodies and conventional antisera. The paper concludes with a discussion of recent innovations in monoclonal antibody technology and their current and potential applications in animal agriculture.
Rabbits as a Model for the Study of Hyperlipoproteinemia and Atherosclerosis

Lipoproteins of normal and cholesteremic plasma were compared in New Zealand White (hyperresponder) and Dutch Belt (hyporesponder) rabbits. Three major differences were observed between the strains: (1) New Zealand White rabbits developed much higher plasma levels of very low, intermediate, and low density lipoproteins after cholesterol feeding; (2) Dutch Belt rabbits, normal and cholesteremic, had higher ratios of the more dense high density lipoproteins HDL3 (d 1.125−1.20 g/ml) to the less dense HDL2 (d 1.081−1.125 g/ml); (3) cholesteremic Dutch Belt rabbits had higher plasma levels of the more dense HDL3 subfraction than did cholesteremic New Zealand White rabbits.
Whole-system Persistence with Non-volatile Memories

Today’s databases and key-value stores commonly keep all their data in main memory. A single server can have over 100 GB of memory, and a cluster of such servers can have 10s to 100s of TB. However, a storage back end is still required for recovery from failures. Recovery can last for minutes for a single server or hours for a whole cluster, causing heavy load on the back end. Nonvolatile main memory (NVRAM) technologies can help by allowing near-instantaneous recovery of in-memory state. However, today’s software does not support this well. Block-based approaches such as persistent buffer caches suffer from data duplication and block transfer overheads. Recently, user-level persistent heaps have been shown to have much better performance than these. However they require substantial application modification and still have significant runtime overheads. This paper proposes whole-system persistence (WSP) as an alternative. WSP is aimed at systems where all memory is nonvolatile. It transparently recovers an application’s entire state, making a failure appear as a suspend/resume event. Runtime overheads are eliminated by using “flush on fail”: transient state in processor registers and caches is flushed to NVRAM only on failure, using the residual energy from the system power supply. Our evaluation shows that this approach has 1.6–13 times better runtime performance than a persistent heap, and that flush-on-fail can complete safely within 2–35% of the residual energy window provided by standard power supplies.
Developing competitive project proposals for NSF: pre-conference workshop

This interactive workshop enables participants to work in small teams to explore a systematic process for converting an idea into a competitive proposal. We will identify the most common strengths and weaknesses cited by reviewers of NSF proposals. Led by a Program Director of the NSF Division of Undergraduate Education, the workshop will use a series of interactive exercises in which participants first reflect on their own current understanding of the issue (Think), then share these ideas in small groups (Share) and then again with the entire group (Report), and finally hear an expert's opinion (Learn). Particular attention will be given to the following elements of NSF proposals. • Goals and Expected Outcomes • Implementation Strategy • Evaluation Plan • Broader Impacts • Dissemination Strategy Through this process, participants should develop a better understanding of the attributes of a competitive proposal and the role that reviewers play in the proposal decision process; the factors that reviewers consider in processing proposals; and approaches for anticipating and responding to these factors. This will enable them both to prepare more competitive proposals for NSF's education programs and provide them with a broader perspective on writing successful proposals. Q&A opportunities will be encouraged throughout the workshop.
Why surveillance of antimicrobial resistance needs to be automated and comprehensive.

Abstract Objectives Surveillance of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) can now be automated to analyse the reports of microbiology laboratories continually without operator assistance. It can also be made comprehensive to monitor all the reports of all the world’s microbiology laboratories. Methods and results As illustrated through examples provided in this work, each clinical report can be scanned automatically by algorithms to suspect emerging problems and to prompt sampling to confirm such problems, now increasingly by nucleotide sequencing. An emerging problem may be an excess (clustering) of similar microbes owing to their spread among patients who are interrelated in some way, as by shared locations, caregivers or food products. Or it might be a microbe new to an area or to a laboratory but already seen nearby, such as Elizabethkingia anophelis or mcr-1-positive Escherichia coli. Automated early alerting of responders enables them to contain spread sooner and to avert infections downstream. ‘Big Data’ informatics now also enables surveillance of AMR to be made comprehensive, to monitor all reports of all the world’s microbiology laboratories. Such orders of magnitude increase in analysed data would accordingly increase its granularity and thus detect many more global problems sooner. It would also reduce surveillance-blind areas where problems may now emerge and spread undetected. Conclusions The world’s microbiology laboratories need to integrate and analyse all of their reports for surveillance to make their own patients safer from existing and approaching problems otherwise hard to notice. Making automated surveillance an easy-to-adopt laboratory standard of care can make it comprehensive.
Abstract WP213: Discovery of a Serum Protein Panel to Stratify Stroke and Stroke-Mimic Patients

Introduction: A rapid diagnostic tool that appropriately triages stroke and non-stroke patients would decrease patients’ time to treatment and therefore lower the risk of morbidity. Single blood protein biomarkers for stroke have not shown clinical utility. Our objective in this biomarker discovery study is to examine a wide array of proteins to identify a panel that stratifies stroke patients from stroke-mimicking patients. Hypothesis: Serum from ischemic stroke patients contains proteins identified by the SOMAscan biomarker discovery assay that can stratify stroke from non-stroke patients. Methods: Patients presenting to the emergency department with stroke-like symptoms had peripheral blood drawn upon arrival according to Stroke Alert protocols. Once informed consent was obtained, serum was analyzed with the SOMAscan assay to quantify the expression of 1305 proteins. These data were analyzed using the semi-supervised machine learning algorithm, random forest analysis (RFA), to determine a combination o...
Transcriptional profiling of the mutualistic bacterium Vibrio fischeri and an hfq mutant under modeled microgravity.

For long-duration space missions, it is critical to maintain health-associated homeostasis between astronauts and their microbiome. To achieve this goal it is important to more fully understand the host–symbiont relationship under the physiological stress conditions of spaceflight. To address this issue we examined the impact of a spaceflight analog, low-shear-modeled microgravity (LSMMG), on the transcriptome of the mutualistic bacterium Vibrio fischeri. Cultures of V. fischeri and a mutant defective in the global regulator Hfq (∆hfq) were exposed to either LSMMG or gravity conditions for 12 h (exponential growth) and 24 h (stationary phase growth). Comparative transcriptomic analysis revealed few to no significant differentially expressed genes between gravity and the LSMMG conditions in the wild type or mutant V. fischeri at exponential or stationary phase. There was, however, a pronounced change in transcriptomic profiles during the transition between exponential and stationary phase growth in both V. fischeri cultures including an overall decrease in gene expression associated with translational activity and an increase in stress response. There were also several upregulated stress genes specific to the LSMMG condition during the transition to stationary phase growth. The ∆hfq mutants exhibited a distinctive transcriptome profile with a significant increase in transcripts associated with flagellar synthesis and transcriptional regulators under LSMMG conditions compared to gravity controls. These results indicate the loss of Hfq significantly influences gene expression under LSMMG conditions in a bacterial symbiont. Together, these results improve our understanding of the mechanisms by which microgravity alters the physiology of beneficial host-associated microbes.
Simulated projections of boreal forest peatland ecosystem productivity are sensitive to observed seasonality in leaf physiology

We quantified seasonal CO2 assimilation capacities for seven dominant vascular species in a wet boreal forest peatland then applied data to a land surface model parametrized to the site (ELM-SPRUCE) to test if seasonality in photosynthetic parameters results in differences in simulated plant responses to elevated CO2 and temperature. We collected seasonal leaf-level gas exchange, nutrient content and stand allometric data from the field-layer community (i.e., Maianthemum trifolium (L.) Sloboda), understory shrubs (Rhododendron groenlandicum (Oeder) Kron and Judd, Chamaedaphne calyculata (L.) Moench., Kalmia polifolia Wangenh. and Vaccinium angustifolium Alton.) and overstory trees (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P. and Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch). We found significant interspecific seasonal differences in specific leaf area, nitrogen content (by area; Na) and photosynthetic parameters (i.e., maximum rates of Rubisco carboxylation (Vcmax25°C), electron transport (Jmax25°C) and dark respiration (Rd25°C)), but minimal correlation between foliar Na and Vcmax25°C, Jmax25°C or Rd25°C, which illustrates that nitrogen alone is not a good correlate for physiological processes such as Rubisco activity that can change seasonally in this system. ELM-SPRUCE was sensitive to the introduction of observed interspecific seasonality in Vcmax25°C, Jmax25°C and Rd25°C, leading to simulated enhancement of net primary production (NPP) using seasonally dynamic parameters as compared with use of static parameters. This pattern was particularly pronounced under simulations with higher temperature and elevated CO2, suggesting a key hypothesis to address with future empirical or observational studies as climate changes. Inclusion of species-specific seasonal photosynthetic parameters should improve estimates of boreal ecosystem-level NPP, especially if impacts of seasonal physiological ontogeny can be separated from seasonal thermal acclimation.
David Oliver: NHS continuing care confusion

Every year the NHS Ombudsman receives hundreds of complaints about assessment, funding, and provision of free NHS continuing healthcare (CHC) for people with complex health needs or near the end of life.1 The National Audit Office published a major report in 2017, partly in response to numerous complaints.2 In 2018 the Public Accounts Committee published another, also looking at future threats to funding from targeted savings drives by clinical commissioning groups (CCGs).3 In June this year the BBC reported on the personal impact felt by already distressed people struggling to access such complex care, particularly in getting CCGs to agree funding.4 This followed reports of thousands of people dying while funding decisions were delayed.5 It’s no coincidence that both the ombudsman’s office6 and NHS England7 have public information on processes, entitlements, …
Impact of Cerebral Perfusion on Outcomes of Aortic Surgery: The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Adult Cardiac Surgery Database Analysis

Background Limited data inform cerebral protection during circulatory arrest. This study was designed to identify optimal approaches from a national clinical registry. Methods A total of 7830 adults (mean age, 63.1 years, SD 13.1 years) who underwent hemiarch (n = 6891; 88.0%) or total arch (n = 939; 12.0%) replacement with hypothermic circulatory arrest between 2014 and 2016 were identified from The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Adult Cardiac Surgery Database (version 2.81). Aortic dissections were excluded from the analysis. Multivariable logistic regression was used to adjust for 29 baseline and operative variables, including demographics, comorbidity, surgery, and nadir temperature, comparing outcomes according to protection strategy. The primary end point was a composite of 30-day and in-hospital mortality or major permanent neurologic complications. Results The rate of death or permanent neurologic complication was 10.9% (n = 850). Antegrade cerebral perfusion was most commonly used (n = 3369; 43%; median nadir temperature 23°C; median arrest time 30 minutes) compared with retrograde cerebral perfusion (n = 1898; 24%; 20°C; 24 minutes) and no cerebral perfusion (n = 2563; 33%; 20°C, 22 minutes). In multivariable analysis, deep hypothermia with antegrade (odds ratio [OR], 0.65; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.52 to 0.81) or retrograde (OR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.45 to 0.71) perfusion and moderate hypothermia with antegrade perfusion (OR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.46 to 0.79) were associated with significant reductions in death and stroke compared with deep hypothermia without cerebral perfusion. Risk reduction was greatest in circulatory arrest lasting longer than 30 minutes. Conclusions For patients without aortic dissection and who require more than 30 minutes of circulatory arrest, optimal cerebral protection strategies are deep hypothermia with either antegrade or retrograde cerebral perfusion and moderate hypothermia with antegrade cerebral perfusion.
Activity of Cefiderocol Against Enterobacterales, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii Endemic to Medical Centers in New York City.

Therapeutic options for the treatment of infections owing to multidrug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens are often limited. Cefiderocol is a novel siderophore cephalosporin with activity against Gr...
Coupling Conjugation and Deconjugation Activities to Achieve Cellular Ubiquitin Dynamics.

In eukaryotic cells, proteome remodeling is mediated by the ubiquitin–proteasome system, which regulates protein degradation, trafficking, and signaling events in the cell. Interplay between the cellular proteome and ubiquitin is complex and dynamic and many regulatory features that support this system have only recently come into focus. An unexpected recurring feature in this system is the physical interaction between E3 ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitylases (DUBs). Recent studies have reported on the regulatory significance of DUB–E3 interactions and it is becoming clear that they play important but complicated roles in the regulation of diverse cellular processes. Here, we summarize the current understanding of interactions between ubiquitin conjugation and deconjugation machineries and we examine the regulatory logic of these enigmatic complexes.
Effects of ambient temperature and humidity on droplet lifetime - A perspective of exhalation sneeze droplets with COVID-19 virus transmission.

Abstract A one-dimensional droplet evaporation model is used to estimate the droplet lifetime from evaporation in air. The mathematical model invokes assumptions of spherical symmetry, ideal gas mixture, binary diffusion, no re-condensation on droplet surface, and constant properties. Four initial droplet diameters (0.001, 0.01, 0.1, and 1 mm), two ambient temperatures (20 and 30 oC) and a range of ambient relative humidity are considered. For the conditions studied, the results show that the ambient relative humidity plays an important role in the droplet lifetime calculation. Increasing the ambient temperature does not necessarily decrease the droplet lifetime; it occurs only when the ambient relative humidity is set below 37%. When the ambient relative humidity is higher than 37%, the higher ambient temperature (30 oC) results in a longer droplet lifetime for the same initial droplet diameter considered. The results also suggest that there may exist a critical ambient relative humidity; beyond which, the droplet lifetime will increase exponentially. For ambient temperature at 30 oC, the critical ambient relative humidity is around 55.7%. It must be mentioned that the results of this study do not imply that the COVID-19 virus will be deactivated at the end of the droplet lifetime. The study simply shows the potential effects resulting from the ambient temperature and ambient relative humidity on virus carrying drops.
Testing Os Staining Approach for Visualizing Soil Organic Matter Patterns in Intact Samples via X-ray Dual-Energy Tomography Scanning.

Challenges with in situ visualization of nonparticulate organics in porous materials limit understanding and modeling processes of transport, decomposition, and storage of organic compounds. In par...
Red Bull Rampage: Using Pop Culture to Promote Curiosity and a Research Mindset

This article foregrounds curiosity as a key academic skill and presents a strategy to help students enter academic discourse through exposure to pop culture texts that prompt development of discipl...
Miscarriage, Stillbirth, & Reproductive Justice

Each year in the United States, millions of women’s pregnancies end not with the birth of a living child, but in miscarriage or with the birth of a dead, stillborn child. Marginalized women face a higher risk of these undesired endings. Compared to white women, black women are twice as likely to suffer a late miscarriage and to give birth to a stillborn child. Compared to wealthier women, women of lower socioeconomic status face a heightened risk of miscarriage and are twice as likely to give birth to a stillborn child. Miscarriage and especially stillbirth are significant life experiences for women. Yet, they receive little attention within women’s rights movements. For years, the reproductive rights movement has avoided the topics of miscarriage and stillbirth due to their supposed conflict with fetal person-hood. Motivated to highlight the experiences of marginalized women, women of color introduced the more holistic reproductive justice movement. Despite its broader lens, however, reproductive justice still does not highlight women’s experiences of miscarriage and stillbirth. This Article seeks to cure these omissions and to define women’s reproductive justice-based rights concerning miscarriage and stillbirth. A woman has a right to prenatal care aimed at preventing miscarriage and stillbirth. She has a birth justice right to give birth to her stillborn child as she desires and to be fully informed of her treatment options for miscarriage, including the costs of those options. She has a right to culturally appropriate mental and emotional health treatment after miscarriage or stillbirth. Last, she has a right to parent her stillborn child, a motherhood entitled to legal recognition in the form of a tax benefit, birth certificate, tort claims, and entitlement to ab autopsy.
Human papillomavirus vaccine administration behaviors and influences among Arizona pharmacists and pharmacy interns

This study assessed 27 Arizona community pharmacists’ and pharmacy interns’ human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine administration behaviors and influences. We recruited community pharmacists and pharma...
Soil Organic Carbon Pools and Indices in Surface Soil: Comparing a Cropland, Pasture, and Forest Soil in the Central Appalachian Region, West Virginia, U.S.A

Soil organic C (SOC) pools have various stabilization mechanisms and turnover times, which change with depth and are highly influenced by land use. Total SOC (TOC), particulate organic carbon (POC)...
Application of Trajectory Clustering for Aircraft Conflict Detection

This paper presents the application of machine learning and open-source data to improve the prediction capability of conflict between aircraft in terminal airspace. An analytical methodology is developed that synthesizes trajectory clustering, classification-based supervised learning, and probabilistic modeling by leveraging publicly available flight data to streamline the probability of conflict and to facilitate the early detection of potential threat in terminal airspace. As such, application of this methodology yields an early detection of potential threats and allows for their resolution ahead of time. The methodology developed outlines a robust and repeatable framework that is applicable across heterogeneous data sets containing multiple aircraft and airport of operations. This framework is implemented on landing data at Zurich airport. The data are retrieved from the OpenSky Network which provides air traffic surveillance data from ADS-B messages. The work concludes by demonstrating the capability of the algorithm on a use case and provides initial guidance for its integration with existing collision avoidance systems.
Feasibility Study of Alternating Current Potential Drop Techniques for Elastic-Plastic Fracture Toughness Testing

A prototype alternating-current potential drop (ACPD) measurement technique has been developed for quasistatic and dynamic J-R curve testing. This well-known technique has classically been used in fatigue crack growth testing, but may find its niche in dynamic testing of conducting materials when more classical compliance and direct current potential drop methods are unsuitable. The system was first optimized and a calibration curve was generated to relate a/W and ACPD output using fatigue crack growth testing for 0.47 0.6. These various calibrations relationships were applied to ACPD output in quasistatic and dynamic J-R curve tests. Preliminary results indicate that calibration relationships must be based on the higher stress, J-R testing to accurately predict the final crack extension in these tests. The quasistatic J-R curves developed from the ACPD technique generally agree well with unloading compliance results. Dynamic J-R curves calculated directly from ACPD also concur with key-curve results although further system development is necessary for system optimization at these high testing rates.
New method for study of peptide transport in bacteria.

The transport system for glycylmethionine in Escherichia coli B and Salmonella typhimurium LT2 was examined by a new approach which may be applied to other types of exogenous materials. Physiological auxotrophs were prepared by growing wild strains in a methionine-containing medium to repress the methionine biosynthetic enzymes. Immediate protein synthesis was shown to take place in such physiological auxotrophs only in the presence of either exogenous methionine or a methionine peptide, e.g., glycylmethionine. Protein synthesis was dependent on glycylmethionine taken up by the cell and was indicated by assaying for the inducible enzyme lysine decarboxylase at 5- to 15-min intervals. Uptake was studied by using low concentrations of glycylmethionine, therefore making uptake by permease the limiting step in incorporation of methionine into protein, and by addition of competitor peptides to media containing saturating concentrations of glycylmethionine. Lysine decarboxylase activity in S. typhimurium LT2 was about 80 times that present in E. coli B. Glycylmethionine transport had a K(m) of the order of 1 muM in S. typhimurium. Structural specificities observed for peptide transport by other workers were confirmed for E. coli B. Competitive inhibition of glycylmethionine uptake by dipeptides was observed in E. coli.
Pressor response to angiotonin in pregnant and nonpregnant women.

Abstract 1.1. The pressor response to a standard intravenous dose of angiotonin (5 μg) was studied in pregnant, puerperal, and nonpregnant gynecologic women. 2.2. The postpartum pressor response to angiotonin was significantly higher than the prepartum response when tested in the same group of patients. 3.3. The pressor response of the nonpregnant gynecologic patients was similar to that of the postpartum subjects. This response was greater than that observed at any period of gestation. 4.4. These findings were discussed in relation to the rise in plasma angiotonase level during pregnancy, and in relation to the course of renal hypertension in pregnancy.
The ionic double layer at the ZnO solution interface

Abstract Thermodynamic evidence suggests that the zinc oxide surface may be regarded as a random mixture of Zn(OH) 2 and Zn(OH) 1.6 X 0.4 , where X is an anionic impurity introduced during precipitation of the oxide. The surface composition changes with pH and pX. The slow step in the titration of ZnO suspensions is then explained by an ion-exchange process involving the species, OH − and X − . The previously reported variation in pzc of the suspension may also be explained by this model.
Extraction of a hydrophilic compound from water into liquid CO2 using dendritic surfactants

Dendrimers are well defined, highly branched polymers1,2,3,4,5 that adopt a roughly spherical, globular shape in solution. Their cores are relatively loosely packed and can trap guest molecules5,6,7, and by appropriate functionalization of the branch tips the macromolecules can act as unimolecular micelle-like entities6. Here we show that dendrimers with a fluorinated shell are soluble in liquid carbon dioxide and can transport CO2-insoluble molecules into this solvent within their cores. Specifically, we demonstrate the extraction of a polar ionic dye, methyl orange, from water into CO2 using these fluorinated dendrimers. This observation suggests possible uses of such macromolecules for the remediation of contaminated water, the extraction of pharmaceutical products from fermentation vessels, the selective encapsulation of drugs for targeted delivery6,7 and the transport of reagents for chemical reactions (such as polymerization8,9,10,11) in liquid and supercritical CO2 solvents.
Case Report - Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy with Granulomatous Angiitis (P6.268)

OBJECTIVE: To report a rare case of cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) with granulomatous angiitis (GA). BACKGROUND: CAA and GA are rare vasculopathies that are not routinely linked. DESIGN/METHODS: Case Report. RESULTS: An otherwise healthy 63 year old female presented with a 10 week history of progressively worsening headache and forgetfulness. Her neurologic examination was significant for inattentiveness and cognitive dysfunction. Brain CT demonstrated diffuse subcortical hypodensities. T2 and T2 FLAIR sequences of MRI revealed extensive confluent hyperintensities involving the subcortical white matter and U-fibers with notable sparing of the thalamus, basal ganglia and brainstem; GRE sequence demonstrated extensive subcentimeter areas of hemosiderin deposition involving the gray-white junction. CT angiography showed no vascular abnormalities in the brain. Spinal fluid analysis demonstrated an elevated protein level of 109 mg/dL with a 100% mononuclear pleocytosis. Serological work up was unremarkable. EEG demonstrated a mild to moderate encephalopathy. A brain biopsy was obtained which demonstrated cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) with granulomatous angiitis (GA). The patient was placed on methylprednisolone 1 gram daily and transferred to another tertiary care center where she clinically improved and was placed on oral prednisone taper. CONCLUSIONS: CAA and GA are rare vasculopathies that are not routinely linked. However, serious consideration should be given to this concomitant diagnosis as aggressive immunomodulating therapy may be critical to clinical improvement, and an accurate diagnosis is dependent on brain biopsy. Disclosure: Dr. Saeed has nothing to disclose. Dr. Bansal has nothing to disclose. Dr. Chang has nothing to disclose. Dr. Flink has nothing to disclose. Dr. Razak has nothing to disclose. Dr. Hussain has nothing to disclose.
Practice and Research in Special Education

This article considers possible reasons that research knowledge is not used more extensively in special education practice and suggests issues to be addressed in solving this problem. We contrast research knowledge and practice knowledge and describe factors that moderate the influence of research on practice, in both general and special education. These factors include teacher knowledge and learning, teacher attitudes and beliefs, and context. We conclude by considering various issues and alternatives for reconceptualizing the relationship between research and practice in special education.
Strongly Coupled Data Assimilation Using Leading Averaged Coupled Covariance (LACC). Part II: CGCM Experiments*

AbstractThis paper uses a fully coupled general circulation model (CGCM) to study the leading averaged coupled covariance (LACC) method in a strongly coupled data assimilation (SCDA) system. The previous study in a simple coupled climate model has shown that, by calculating the coupled covariance using the leading averaged atmospheric states, the LACC method enhances the signal-to-noise ratio and improves the analysis quality of the slow model component compared to both the traditional weakly coupled data assimilation without cross-component adjustments (WCDA) and the regular SCDA using the simultaneous coupled covariance (SimCC).Here in Part II, the LACC method is tested with a CGCM in a perfect-model framework. By adding the observational adjustments from the low-level atmosphere temperature to the sea surface temperature (SST), the SCDA using LACC significantly reduces the SST error compared to WCDA over the globe; it also improves from the SCDA using SimCC, which performs better than the WCDA only in ...