cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Gender and support for islamist movements : Evidence from Egypt, Kuwait and Palestine

Des facteurs politiques, economiques, socioculturels et exerieurs sont a l'origine de l'importance croissante de l'Islam. La participation des femmes aux mouvements islamistes n'est pas fortement differente de celle des hommes : parallelement a certains groupes qui sont hostiles a toute emancipation feminine, d'autres soulignent les droits et les obligations des femmes. L'etude menee en Egypte, au Koweit et en Palestine montre (1) qu'un jeune âge influence la participation a un mouvement islamiste seulement pour les hommes egyptiens, (2) que le rapport entre un niveau d'education eleve et la participation n'est vrai que pour les hommes koweitiens, (3) que le niveau de religiosite intervient pour les Egyptiennes et les Koweitiens, (4) que l'engagement politique intervient chez les Egyptiens et les Koweitiennes, (5) que les Palestiniens, hommes et femmes, engages dans les mouvements islamistes ne soutiennent pas les droits des femmes, (6) que les Egyptiens, hommes et femmes, et les Koweitiennes sont d'autant plus engages qu'ils sont contre le gouvernement
Towards Speedy Trials: Reforming the Practice of Adjudicating Cases in the African Human Rights System

This article highlights weaknesses with the adjudicative mechanism of the African Human Rights Systems which the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights (African Commission) has been following and the African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights (African Court) has started to follow. The focus of the article is on the African Commission which has been operational for more than 20 years rather than on the African Court which only had its first case decided in December 2009. Among several weaknesses, this article focuses on the unsound organization of the litigation procedure which has resulted in intolerable delay in disposing communications or cases and in low-quality conclusions. Even though the African Commission recently revised its Rules of Procedure, regrettably, insufficient reform has been made. The procedure the African Court followed in disposing its first case is disappointing. The article offers suggestions for further improvement. Some lessons are drawn from the experience of the Inter-American Human Rights System.
Metabolic Impact of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis in Obese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

OBJECTIVE Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is increasingly common in obese patients. However, its metabolic consequences in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are unknown. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We studied 154 obese patients divided in four groups: 1 ) control (no T2DM or NAFLD), 2 ) T2DM without NAFLD, 3 ) T2DM with isolated steatosis, and 4 ) T2DM with NASH. We evaluated intrahepatic triglycerides by proton MRS ( 1 H-MRS) and assessed insulin secretion/resistance during an oral glucose tolerance test and a euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp with glucose turnover measurements. RESULTS No significant differences among groups were observed in sex, BMI, or total body fat. Metabolic parameters worsened progressively with the presence of T2DM and the development of hepatic steatosis, with worse hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia (hypertriglyceridemia and low HDL cholesterol) in those with NASH ( P P r = –0.62; P r s = −0.52; P CONCLUSIONS In obese patients with T2DM, the presence of NAFLD is associated with more severe hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia, and adipose tissue/hepatic insulin resistance compared with patients without NAFLD. The unfavorable metabolic profile linked to NAFLD should prompt strategies to identify and treat this population early on.
Determining a Topological Model for TAU Bound to Tubulin Heterodimers

Tau is an intrinsically disordered neuronal protein whose aggregation and deposition as neurofibrillary tangles is a hallmark of several tauopathies, including Alzheimer's disease. It is thought that the loss of native interaction between tau and microtubules (MTs) also contributes for pathology. Despite intense study, structural details of the tau-tubulin complex are lacking, in part due to its highly dynamic nature and the capacity of tau to promote tubulin polymerization. To overcome these limitations, we use single-molecule Forster Resonance Energy Transfer (smFRET) to observe conformational changes in tau upon binding to tubulin. Our results show that overall tau adopts an extended conformation upon binding, in which the long-range of contacts between both termini and the microtubule binding region (MTBR) that characterize its compact solution structure are lost. More importantly, in contrast with its aggregation-prone structure,1 the MTBR become more extended in the tau-tubulin complex, although this extension is not evenly distributed through all four repeat domains. Comparison of tau isoforms containing or lacking repeat 2 suggest conformational differences that may relate to differences in affinity and function of these two isoforms. Notably, our results unequivocally support a model of tau with distinct ensemble conformations upon interaction with soluble tubulin and polyanions that promote its aggregation. This work provides insight into conformational changes important to tau loss of function and draws attention to the importance of the role of tau's conformational plasticity in this process.1. Elbaum-Garfinkle S and Rhoades E (2012) J Am Chem Soc 134(40):16607–16613
Rapid field evaluation of drip and microspray distribution uniformity

The Cal Poly ITRC irrigation evaluation programs have been widely used to assess the global distribution uniformity (DU) of drip and microsprayer irrigation systems. The field procedures and formulas used in the program are presented in this paper. The system DU is estimated by mathematically combining the component DU values. DU components include pressure differences, “other causes” (such as manufacturing variation, plugging, and wear), unequal drainage, and unequal application rates. Results are presented from evaluations by several entities, including Cal Poly ITRC. Cal Poly evaluations of 329 fields provided an average DUlq of 0.85 for drip and 0.80 for microspray. Approximately 45% of the non-uniformity was due to pressure differences, 52% was due to “other causes”, 1% due to unequal drainage, and 2% due to unequal application rates. The data show that with good design and management, it is possible to have high system DU values for at least a 20-year system life.
Quantum interference between the third and fourth exciton states in semiconducting carbon nanotubes using resonance Raman spectroscopy.

We exploit an energy level crossover effect [Haroz et al., Phys. Rev. B 77, 125405 (2008)] to probe quantum interference in the resonance Raman response from carbon nanotube samples highly enriched in the single semiconducting chiralities of (8,6), (9,4), and (10,5). UV Raman excitation profiles of $G$-band spectra reveal unambiguous signatures of interference between the third and fourth excitonic states (${E}_{33}$ and ${E}_{44}$). Both constructive and destructive responses are observed and lead to anomalous intensity ratios in the LO and TO modes. Especially large anomalies for the (10,5) structure result from nearly identical energies found for the two ${E}_{ii}$ transitions. The interference patterns demonstrate that the sign of the exciton-phonon coupling matrix elements changes for the LO mode between the two electronic states, and remains the same for the TO mode. Significant non-Condon contributions to the Raman response are also found.
Image super-resolution using graph regularized block sparse representation

Recently, patch-based sparse representation has been used as a statistical image modeling technique for various image restoration applications, due to its ability to model well the natural image patches and automatically discover interpretable visual patterns. Standard sparse representation however does not consider the intrinsic and geometric structure present in the data, thereby leading to sub-optimal results. In this paper, we exploit the concept that a signal is block sparse in a given basis—i.e., the non-zero elements occur in clusters of varying sizes—and propose an efficient framework for learning sparse representation modeling of natural images, called graph regularized block sparse representation (GRBSR). The proposed GRBSR is able to sparsely represent natural images in the domain of a block, which enforces the intrinsic local sparsity. We apply the proposed GRBSR to learn a dictionary-based local regression model for super-resolving a single low-resolution image without any external training image sets. We show that the proposed method provides improved performance as compared to the existing single-image super-resolution methods by running them on various input images containing diverse textures or other artifacts.
Food, place, and memory: Bangladeshi fish stores on Devon Avenue, Chicago

ABSTRACTThis article explores the importance of food in the production of immigrant identity and placemaking in Chicago. The Bangladeshi fish stores located on Devon Avenue, Chicago, serve the unique culinary needs of immigrants from Bangladesh and Bengali-speaking regions of India. Based on interviews with store owners and customers and architectural analyses of these stores, this research explores how everyday engagements with food, specifically fish harvested in the delta region of Bangladesh, trigger cultural memories and reproduce particular forms of shopping practices and place identities among this relatively less-studied group of South Asian immigrants. This case study suggests that immigrant world-making is Janus-faced: simultaneously looking back and remembering the past while adapting to the present and reconstituting hybrid places in both societies of origin and settlement. An examination of this tension between past and present, near and far, local and global shows how diverse material contex...
Automated Ad Hoc Networking for Mobile and Hybrid Music Performance.

Zero-configuration networking is a helpful device to mitigate numerous problems of manual configuration of connections of network connection in performance. We discuss how this technique can be used to create a networked name-space. This helps organize networked music performance making them robust and easy to set up and use. Participatory networking which scales becomes easy to achieve and explicit addressing is made unnecessary.
Elimination of Pulse Deficit During Atrial Fibrillation by Left Vagal Stimulation

Six anesthetized dogs (17–25 kg) were used to test the hypotheses that low-frequency, left-vagal stimulation can be used to reduce or eliminate pulse deficit during atrial fibrillation. Atrial fibrillation was induced and sustained by rapid electrical stimulation of the right atrium using a J-lead placed in the right atrial appendage. A bipolar sleeve electrode was placed around the left vagus nerve in the cervical region and low-frequency 1-ms rectangular current pulses were applied. Pulse deficit was completely eliminated in 28 of the 29 trials and was reduced in all 29. Additionally, an increase in mean blood pressure was observed at the commencement of vagal stimulation and a decrease in mean blood pressure was observed after cessation of left vagal stimulation, when the pulse deficit reappeared. We conclude that controlled low-frequency left vagal stimulation is an effective way to eliminate the pulse deficit in atrial fibrillation.
Toxocariasis in an Institution for the Mentally Retarded

A seroepidemiologic investigation was conducted in order to determine the cause of an apparent increase in rates of eosinophilia among 1400 institutionalized children during 1976-1977. The annual serologic survey during this period revealed 283 (20%) individuals with eosinophilia that exceeded 600 cells/cu mm of blood. During a five-month period in 1977, five patients who were hospitalized in adjacent wards developed acute pneumonia with eosinophilia. Because laboratory tests of sputum, bone marrow, and stool failed to identify the, etiologie agent, it was thought that these pneumonia cases might be related to the increased rates of eosinophilia. Analyses of random samples of sera from patients with eosinophilia revealed seroprevalence rates of 12% for Ascaris, 20% for Toxocara cants, 24% for Strongyloides stercoralis, and 32% with increased antibody to Entamoeba histolytica. Further investigation showed a statistically significant positive association between occurrence of eosinophilia and pica behavior, and eosinophilia and contact with dogs. Although the serologic survey showed patients to have had previous exposure to a variety of parasites, we hypothesize that a principal cause of eosinophilia among institutionalized children may be Toxocara infestation, due to their frequent pica behavior and, in this case, contact with resident animals. We recommend that children in similar facilities have limited contact with pet dogs, and only after frequent and vigorous examination of the animals for infectious parasites.
In time: the persistence of congenital syphilis in Brazil - More progress needed!

p t w p n s B Despite decades of epidemiologic and clinical experience with maternal and congenital syphilis, both remain major public health problems in Brazil and in the rest of the Americas. In 2010 and supported by the World Health Organization (WHO), the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) Member States approved the Strategy and Plan of Action for the Elimination of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV and Congenital Syphilis with the goal of reducing the incidence of congenital syphilis to ≤0.5 cases per 1000 live births by 2015.1 In 2014, 17,400 cases (1.3/1000 live births) of congenital syphilis were reported in the Americas, and 17 countries may have eliminated maternal-to-child transmission of syphilis.2 Despite some progress, Brazil did not meet the congenital syphilis elimination goal but rather, the epidemic rages on, resulting in substantial fetal and neonatal mortality. In 2010, 6916 cases (2.27/1000 live births) of congenital syphilis were reported to the Brazilian Ministry of Health and PAHO, while in 2013, the number of cases increased to 13,705 (4.70/1000 live births) before decreasing to 6793 cases in 2014.2,3 Congenital syphilis is a preventable disease, and there must be zero tolerance for its occurrence as even one case represents a failure of the public health system. Health care professionals know what must be done to
Raman Spectrum of La Br 3

The first-order Raman spectrum of La${\mathrm{Br}}_{3}$ is examined. All of the six Raman-active vibrations are observed and the ${C}_{6\mathbf{h}}$ point-group symmetry assignments for the lines are given: 83 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, ${E}_{2g}$; 116 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, ${A}_{g}$; 122 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, ${E}_{1g}$; 137.6 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, ${A}_{g}$; 139.2 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, ${E}_{2g}$; 146 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, ${E}_{2g}$. The lines at 137.6 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ and 139.2 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ are found to be resolvable at 77\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K but not at temperatures above 180\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. The Raman spectrum of La${\mathrm{Br}}_{3}$ is compared with that of the isomorphic La${\mathrm{Cl}}_{3}$, which exhibits only five of the six Raman-active lines.
Manipulation of the Endocannabinoid System in Colitis: A Comprehensive Review.

BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a lifelong disease of the gastrointestinal tract whose annual incidence and prevalence is on the rise. Current immunosuppressive therapies available for treatment of IBD offer limited benefits and lose effectiveness, exposing a significant need for the development of novel therapies. In the clinical setting, cannabis has been shown to provide patients with IBD symptomatic relief, although the underlying mechanisms of their anti-inflammatory effects remain unclear. METHODS This review reflects our current understanding of how targeting the endocannabinoid system, including cannabinoid receptors 1 and 2, endogenous cannabinoids anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol, atypical cannabinoids, and degrading enzymes including fatty acid amide hydrolase and monoacylglycerol lipase, impacts murine colitis. In addition, the impact of cannabinoids on the human immune system is summarized. RESULTS Cannabinoid receptors 1 and 2, endogenous cannabinoids, and atypical cannabinoids are upregulated in inflammation, and their presence and stimulation attenuate murine colitis, whereas cannabinoid receptor antagonism and cannabinoid receptor deficient models reverse these anti-inflammatory effects. In addition, inhibition of endocannabinoid degradation through monoacylglycerol lipase and fatty acid amide hydrolase blockade can also attenuate colitis development, and is closely linked to cannabinoid receptor expression. CONCLUSIONS Although manipulation of the endocannabinoid system in murine colitis has proven to be largely beneficial in attenuating inflammation, there is a paucity of human study data. Further research is essential to clearly elucidate the specific mechanisms driving this anti-inflammatory effect for the development of therapeutics to target inflammatory disease such as IBD.
Uranium and Associated Heavy Metals in Ovis aries in a Mining Impacted Area in Northwestern New Mexico

The objective of this study was to determine uranium (U) and other heavy metal (HM) concentrations (As, Cd, Pb, Mo, and Se) in tissue samples collected from sheep (Ovis aries), the primary meat staple on the Navajo reservation in northwestern New Mexico. The study setting was a prime target of U mining, where more than 1100 unreclaimed abandoned U mines and structures remain. The forage and water sources for the sheep in this study were located within 3.2 km of abandoned U mines and structures. Tissue samples from sheep (n = 3), their local forage grasses (n = 24), soil (n = 24), and drinking water (n = 14) sources were collected. The samples were analyzed using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry. Results: In general, HMs concentrated more in the roots of forage compared to the above ground parts. The sheep forage samples fell below the National Research Council maximum tolerable concentration (5 mg/kg). The bioaccumulation factor ratio was >1 in several forage samples, ranging from 1.12 to 16.86 for Mo, Cd, and Se. The study findings showed that the concentrations of HMs were greatest in the liver and kidneys. Of the calculated human intake, Se Reference Dietary Intake and Mo Recommended Dietary Allowance were exceeded, but the tolerable upper limits for both were not exceeded. Food intake recommendations informed by research are needed for individuals especially those that may be more sensitive to HMs. Further study with larger sample sizes is needed to explore other impacted communities across the reservation.
Lattice-Ordered Permutation Groups

Although most of the elementary theorems about o-groups are as easy to prove in the general case as in the commutative case, there are no natural examples of non-commutative o-groups. Of course, it is easy to construct examples of non-commutative o-groups, but all of these are artificial and without much interest outside of the context of ordered groups. The situation is quite different for general lattice-ordered groups, however, because there is a class of non-commutative examples of great intrinsic interest, independent of the fact that they are lattice-ordered. These are the groups A(Ω) of order-preserving permutations of totally ordered sets Ω, endowed with the pointwise order. This means that for f,g ∈ A(Ω), we declare that f ≤ g iff for all α ∈ Ω, αf≤ αg. It is easily checked that this makes A(Ω) a lattice-ordered group in which α(f∧g) = αf∧αg. Only rarely is A(Ω) commutative.
Stereochemically distinct roles for sterol in Saccharomycescerevisiae

Abstract Cholesterol, (E)- but not (Z)-17(20)-dehydrocholesterol, 5α-cholestan-3β-ol, sitosterol, and certain other sterols lacking a 24β-methyl group will replace (spare) most but not all of the 24β-methylsterol which has recently been found to be absolutely necessary for growth of oxygen-deprived wild type Saccharomyces cerevisiae in the presence of 2,3-iminosqualene. The results imply the existence of two stereochemically distinct roles for sterol in this organism. One of them (perhaps regulatory) requires, whereas the other (probably playing the so-called “bulk” membranous role) does not require the presence of the 24β-methyl group. The latter function, for which most of the sterol is needed, can be performed by various 24-alkyl- and 24-desalkylsterols.
True knot at the time of delivery: electronic fetal monitoring characteristics and neonatal outcomes.

Determine the association between electronic fetal monitoring and neonatal outcomes in the setting of a true knot at delivery. This was a planned secondary analysis of a prospective cohort of 8580 women. Patients with and without a true knot were compared and the primary outcome was repetitive late decelerations occurring with at least 50% of contractions. Confounders were adjusted for using logistic regression. A total of 8580 patients met inclusion criteria and 49 (0.57%) had a TK. There was no significant difference in the rate of repetitive late decelerations in patients with TK (aOR 1.04; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.25–4.40),other electronic fetal monitoring parameters, or neonatal outcomes. Neonates with true knots who are delivered at term have similar electronic fetal monitoring characteristics compared to those without true knots and no detectable difference in neonatal morbidity; thus, calling into question the clinical significance of a true knot at term.
Improving Student Self-efficacy in CS 1 Using Examples of Erroneous Code

Research has shown that self-efficacy, a student's confidence in his or her ability, contributes to student success. Here, we examine if teaching students to recognize common programming errors increases student self-efficacy in an introductory programming course. We provided students with exercises containing examples of typical novice programming errors and methods for fixing them. At the beginning of the course we assess self-efficacy and administer a test to measure programming competence. We repeat these measurements at the end of the course. To assess self-efficacy, students rate their confidence in completing various programming tasks on a scale of 0 to 100. The test has fourteen questions; thirteen are short answer and one is multiple choice. Short answer questions require the student to write at most a few lines of C++ code, with most requiring only a single line. We analyze student self-efficacy in relation to our pre- and post-test, student course grade, assignment grade, and final exam grade. Our analysis shows improvements between the experimental term compared to the control terms across eleven measures of self-efficacy, but only three of these improvements are significant (p
Measurement of the Flow of Liquefied Gases with Sharp-Edged Orifices

The great increase in the use of liquefied gases by both government and industry has stimulated the very rapid growth of cryogenic engineering. As a result many engineers with no low temperature experience have suddenly been concerned with problems at very low temperature. There has been a tendency to assume that liquefied gases will not obey the physical principles governing the behavior of the more familiar fluids. This assumption is not tenable; as a matter of fact, there are good reasons why the behavior of liquefied gases is more readily predictable than more common liquids, such as water and petroleum products.
Marriage and the Intact Family: The Significance of Michael H. v. Gerald D.

Most scholars have viewed Michael H. as a case about illegitimacy, or father rights, or parental rights, but this article analyzed the case to discover if and how the law in general facilitates legal protection of intact families based on marriage. While Part I outlines common law, Part II offers ontological arguments. Part III considers religious history, and Part IV reviews Enlightenment scholarship. Part V-VII considers reevaluation of the family, fathers' rights, and a defense of the family, demonstrating the Christian perspective on these issues with a sensitivity toward individual rights.
Enhancing the Quality of Online Discussion—Assessment Matters:

Online discussion had been proliferating on university campuses in U.S. higher education. Nevertheless, the quality of student postings had been a concern. Research showed that assessment played an...
Therapeutic Potential Of Foeniculum vulgare Mill. Derived Selenium Nanoparticles In Arthritic Balb/c Mice.

Purpose Rheumatoid arthritis is an inflammatory autoimmune multifactorial disorder that primarily affects the joints. Currently available treatment options, although effective, still present some side effects. This study proposes an alternative treatment option for rheumatoid arthritis through elucidation of therapeutic potential of Foeniculum vulgare Mill.-derived selenium nanoparticles in arthritic Balb/c mice. Methods Synthesis and characterization of selenium nanoparticles were followed by their toxicity analysis on healthy mice. Subsequently, anti-arthritic efficacy of two doses (5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg) of synthesized selenium nanoparticles was checked on arthritic mice using multiple parameters. Results Selenium nanoparticles in 10 mg/kg dose turned out to be more effective in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis as evident by significant reduction in paw volume and normal clinical chemistry parameters of treated arthritic mice. This dose also showed significant antioxidant activity in 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. Conclusion Foeniculum vulgare Mill.-derived selenium nanoparticles retain significant anti-arthritic and antioxidant potential and consequently can further be explored as an alternative treatment option for rheumatoid arthritis.
En Plaque Meningiomas: A Narrative Review.

Background En plaque meningiomas are a rare subtype of meningiomas that are frequently encountered in the spheno-orbital region. Characterized by a hyperostotic and dural invasive architecture, these tumors present unique diagnostic and treatment considerations. Objective The authors conduct a narrative literature review of clinical reports of en plaque meningiomas to summarize the epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic criteria, and treatment considerations in treating en plaque meningiomas. Additionally, the authors present a case from their own experience to illustrate its complexity and unique features. Methods A literature search was conducted using the MEDLINE database using the following terminology in various combinations: meningioma, meningeal neoplasms, en plaque, skull base, spheno-orbital, and sphenoid wing. Only literature published in English between 1938 and 2018 was reviewed. All case series were specifically reviewed for sufficient data on treatment outcomes, and all literature was analyzed for reports of misdiagnosed cases. Conclusion En plaque meningiomas may present with a variety of symptoms according to their location and degree of bone invasion, requiring a careful diagnostic and treatment approach. While early and aggressive surgical resection is generally accepted as the optimal goal of treatment, these lesions require an individualized approach, with further investigation needed regarding the role of new therapies.
Mesenchymal stem cells and their application to rotator cuff pathology: A meta-analysis of pre-clinical studies

Summary Background Rotator cuff injury (RCI) is a leading cause of morbidity in orthopaedics. Advances in regenerative medicine have led to the novel pleiotropic effects of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) as therapeutic agents for RCI. Objective Conduct a systematic evaluation of available preclinical studies to quantify the effects of MSCs on RCI. Methods A literature search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, CINAHL, and Google Scholar. At least two independent investigators screened animal studies assessing the therapeutic effects of MSCs on: (i) biomechanical testing, imaging, and/or range-of-motion (primary outcome), and (ii) histologic analyses of wound healing, gene/protein expression of regenerative factors, and safety/long-term outcomes (secondary outcome). Meta-analysis data is reported as standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Results A total of 858 titles and abstracts were screened; 18 studies (n=576) met inclusion criteria. MSC therapy improved ultimate load failure [SMD -0.43 (95% CI -0.65, -0.22), p Conclusion Administration of MSCs in preclinical models recapitulating RCI improved aspects of shoulder biomechanics, imaging, and collagen formation. Although these findings are promising, future studies should attempt to limit the risk of bias and focus on optimizing MSCs by standardizing methodologies.
Advice messages and helpful behaviors emerging adults receive during transitions from higher education: associations with dispositional and contextual hope

One of the most meaningful life transitions is from school to full-time employment. Emerging adults embarking on this transition to adulthood often face many financial, identity, and relational cha...
Adiposity, Sex, and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Children With CKD: A Longitudinal Study of Youth Enrolled in the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children (CKiD) Study.

Rationale & Objective Traditional and nontraditional cardiovascular disease risk factors are highly prevalent in children with chronic kidney disease (CKD). We examined the longitudinal association of adiposity with cardiac damage among children with CKD and explored whether this association was modified by sex. Study Design Prospective cohort study. Setting & Participants Children with mild-to-moderate CKD enrolled in the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children (CKiD) Study at 49 pediatric nephrology centers across North America. Exposure Age- and sex-specific body mass index (BMI) z score. Outcome Age- and sex-specific left ventricular mass index (LVMI) z score and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). Analytical Approach Longitudinal analyses using mixed-effects models to estimate sex-specific associations of BMI z scores with LVMI z score and with LVH, accounting for repeated measurements over time. Results Among 725 children with 2,829 person-years of follow-up, median age was 11.0 years and median estimated glomerular filtration rate was 52.6 mL/min/1.73 m2. Nearly one-third of both boys and girls were overweight or obese, median LVMI z score was 0.18 (IQR: −0.67, 1.08), and 11% had LVH. Greater BMI z scores were independently associated with greater LVMI z scores and greater odds of LVH. For each 1-unit higher BMI z score, LVMI z score was 0.24 (95% CI, 0.17-0.31) higher in boys and 0.38 (95% CI, 0.29-0.47) higher in girls (Pinteraction = 0.01). For each 1-unit higher BMI z score, the odds of LVH was 1.5-fold (95% CI, 1.1-2.1) higher in boys and 3.1-fold (95% CI, 1.8-4.4) higher in girls (Pinteraction = 0.005). Limitations Not all children had repeated measurements. LVH is a surrogate and not a hard cardiac outcome. The observational design limits causal inference. Conclusions In children, adiposity is independently associated with the markers of cardiac damage, LVMI z score and LVH. This association is stronger among girls than boys. Pediatric overweight and obesity may therefore have a substantial impact on cardiovascular risk among children with CKD.
Differential Item Functioning Effect Size From the Multigroup Confirmatory Factor Analysis for a Meta-Analysis: A Simulation Study.

This study presents a new approach to synthesizing differential item functioning (DIF) effect size: First, using correlation matrices from each study, we perform a multigroup confirmatory factor an...
A Biomechanical Comparison of the Effect of Baseplate Design and Bone Marrow Fat Infiltration on Tibial Baseplate Pullout Strength.

Abstract Background Early clinical results of a new total knee arthroplasty (TKA) implant design show promise for improved outcomes and patellofemoral function scores. However, reports of early tibial component-cement interface debonding requiring revision have been published. This study investigated the biomechanical properties of three different tibial baseplates to understand potential causes of failure. Methods PFC Sigma (control), Attune (1st generation) and Attune S+ (2nd generation) tibial baseplates were implanted into 4th generation sawbone tibia models using a standardized technique. Three of each baseplate were cemented with and without additional bovine bone marrow fat. All models were tested to failure with measured axial distraction force. Implant type, presence or absence of bovine marrow and load to failure were all recorded and compared. Two-way ANOVA followed by post-hoc pairwise comparisons were used to determine statistical significance, which was set to P Results The 2nd generation tibial baseplates required significantly more force to failure. The presence of bovine marrow significantly reduced the pullout force of the implant designs overall. No significant difference was detected between the 1st generation and control baseplates. Failure mode for each model was also noted to be different irrespective of the presence or absence of bone marrow fat. Conclusion The 2nd generation baseplates required significantly more force to failure compared with older designs. The presence of bone marrow during cementation of a tibial base plate significantly decreased axial pullout strength of a tibial baseplate in this laboratory model. All 1st generation baseplates exhibited debonding at the cement-implant interface.
Moving to Center

Dance curriculum in higher education is shifting in order to expand long-held Western European dance canon traditions. The teaching of dance history and techniques from canons of communities of col...
Abstract PO-043: Interception of pancreatic cancer progression

Pancreatic Cancer (PC) is projected to be one of the leading causes of cancer related death by 2030. Although other cancers have made significant strides towards improved treatment, PC still remains at a 9% fiver year survival rate due to end-stage diagnosis, aggressive metastasis, and a protective stromal wall. Therefore, to identify novel therapeutic targets, our lab focuses on studying cancer stem cells, a highly chemo-resistant sub-population of pancreatic cancer cells. RNA-seq analysis of these cancer stem cells has revealed a number of genes that are enriched compared to non-therapy resistant cells and normal pancreas. We hypothesize that genes turned on through pancreatic cancer progression contribute to therapy resistance. If PC could be targeted at earlier stages, it would be possible for therapeutics to bypass the wealth of issues that occur as it advances. By cross referencing our RNA-seq analysis to sequencing performed at various stages of pancreatic cancer development in mice, a subset of genes is not only up-regulated in therapy resistant cells, but increases in expression as normal pancreas progresses to an end stage tumor. Preliminary studies have shown that inhibition of these select genes reduces growth of mouse pancreatic cancer in vitro and in vivo. Ongoing studies are to (1) test if inhibition of these genes reduces early stage PC growth in vitro and in vivo, and (2) test how gene knockdown affects human pancreatic cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Citation Format: Matthew L. McDermott, Lesley P. Ferguson, Kendall Chambers, Nirakar Rajbhandari, Tannishtha Reya. Interception of pancreatic cancer progression [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer; 2020 Sep 29-30. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(22 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-043.
Age and sex differences of pediatric overuse injuries presenting to outpatient sports medicine clinic.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate pediatric overuse injuries in children presenting to outpatient sports medicine clinic and to examine age and sex differences affecting clinical presentation of these injuries. METHODS: IRB approval was received from Nationwide Children's Hospital for this study. A retrospective chart review was performed on patients between 5 and 18 years-of-age, presenting with musculoskeletal complaints from January 2012 to December 2017. Data on age, sex, injury diagnosis, mechanism of …
Reflux esophagitis is associated with higher risks of acute stroke and transient ischemic attacks in patients hospitalized with atrial fibrillation: A nationwide inpatient sample analysis.

ABSTRACT Reflux esophagitis (RE) is a subset of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) with endoscopic evidence of esophageal inflammation, which has been linked to an increased incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF). However, data on the effect of RE on patient outcomes is limited. We sought to examine the potential association of RE with outcomes of patients with AF in a nationwide study.The National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database was queried to identify hospitalized adult patients with AF and RE between 2010 and 2014. Primary outcomes included inpatient mortality, length of stay (LOS), and total hospital charges. AF related complications such as acute stroke, transient ischemic attack (TIA) and acute heart failure were assessed as secondary outcomes. Propensity score matching and multivariate regression analysis were used.Six lakh sixty seven thousands five hundred twenty patients were admitted for primary diagnosis of AF out of which 5396 had a secondary diagnosis of RE. In the AF with RE cohort, the average age was 73.6 years, 41.5% were male, and 79.9% were Caucasian. There was a greater prevalence of concomitant dyslipidemia, chronic liver disease and chronic pulmonary disease (P < .01) when compared to the AF without RE cohort. Patients with AF and RE also had higher incidence of acute strokes and TIAs (P < .05), longer LOS (P < .001), and higher hospital charges (P < .05) with no difference in acute heart failure (P = .08), hospital mortality (P = .12), or CHA2DS2-VASc score (P = .67).In hospitalized patients with AF, RE was associated with a higher rate of acute stroke and TIAs, longer LOS, and greater hospital charges.
Using Dear Data Project to Introduce Data Literacy and Information Literacy to Undergraduates

This paper describes an approach for introducing data and information literacy to undergraduates. This work aims to address the following research question: “What impact does the Dear Data approach have on data literacy and information literacy skills of undergraduates in an introductory data visualization course?” The initial aim of the project was to create an assignment to reinforce concepts covered in class and motivate students to think differently about data and how data is communicated. Elements of the Dear Data Project were adapted as part of a 4-week assignment that paired students from two sections of the course as “Data Buddies.” Dear Data Postcards were created by students with themes that aligned with data literacy and information literacy concepts. Postcards served as a hands-on exercise for reinforcing course topics. Student self-assessment results show students found the assignment helped to broaden students’ ideas of what data is or could be, helped students see data in a variety of ways that were not previously considered, and helped students think critically about how to visually communicate ideas and think of their audience when creating visualizations. This work contributes to the pedagogy of data visualization and to the knowledge base of data visualization capacity building.
Remarks on Structure and Polymorphism in Boron

The three-dimensional framework structures of alpha-rhombohedral boron, tetragonal boron, and the boron carbide phase all contain linked B12 icosahedra. Half of the atoms in alpha-rhombohedral boron, the polymorph formed at lowest temperatures, are used in delta linkages between icosahedra, and the structure then satisfies the electron counting set by the essentially molecular Longuet-Higgins and Roberts bonding theory. More conventional and apparently stronger linkages to icosahedra are displayed in tetragonal boron and boron carbide. It is doubtful whether icosahedra play any essential role in the as yet undetermined very complex structure of the most important polymorph, beta-rhombohedral boron. Critical examination of reported powder data shows that (1) beta-rhombohedral boron may be confidently expected from high temperature (>1500°C) preparation with or without fusion, (2) besides the three modifications established by single crystal data there are several other claimants to recognition. The multiplication of structural variants at lower temperatures probably is dictated by kinetic rather than thermodynamic factors. It is suggested that boron prepared by deposition onto heated substrates is especially prone to form monotropes, often as nonstoichiometric borides.
Who Is the Male Homosexual

Using simple computer technology, 290 male homosexual Bulletin Board System (BBS) users in the greater New York City area participated in a study, the objective results of which are presented here as information of potential importance and/or interest to social workers, psychologists, and related mental health professionals. While, in general, members of the population studied tend to look like everyone else, some interesting differences with respect to (1) health-related concerns and behaviors, (2) educational attainment, and (3) socio-emotional characteristics (measured by computer administration and scoring of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator) were identified and are presented and discussed. Further work relative to the latter is both urged and anticipated in the mental health professions' continuing efforts to operationalize their shared concerns about and values related to diversity.
The University of Utah neutrino detector: III. Data handling system☆☆☆

Abstract A data-handling system designed for use with the Utah neutrino detector is described. This system is capable of handling a large number of cosmic-ray events, each having many parameters, and yielding the data in a digital form suitable for direct analysis on a computer. The entire system, although composed of inexpensive transistors and commercial-type integrated circuits, has worked reliably in a prototype detector for six months.
Naples in the Time of Cholera, 1884–1911: Death in Naples, 1884

A LAST ATTEMPT AT PREVENTION Having reached the sezione of Porto, cholera first spread as a slow succession of isolated cases. During the twenty-four hours from midnight on Monday 1 September, however, the disease suddenly erupted as a full-scale epidemic. On that day 122 people were stricken and 82 died. Ironically, after the alarms of August, the emergency found Naples unprepared. During the final week of August a wave of panic had swept the city following the first official bills of mortality and seven acknowledged cholera-deaths. The churches filled, votive candles were lit, and the populace prayed to placate the wrath of God. On Saturday the 30th there was the reassuring news that there were no new cases. This report was greeted as a divine sign that the city had been spared. Sunday, 31 August, therefore, witnessed an orgy of excess as Neapolitans celebrated their deliverance with riotous drinking, a binge of eating and noisy processions in the streets. Superstition increased the certainty that disaster had been averted by the will of God. On Friday there was a demonstration at a primary school in the Lower City. During the preceding days rumours concerning the still-mysterious disease and unaccustomed measures to disinfect the school premises had given rise to wicked suspicions in the minds of anxious mothers. They gathered in an angry crowd outside the school to remove their children from authorities they suspected of malevolent intentions. The fact that the municipal health inspectors arrived in force, accompanied by a detachment of armed guards, heightened the atmosphere of distrust. The tumultuous confrontation that ensued ended only after the large-scale deployment of police and carabinieri .
Contextual factors related to physical activity during daily middle school physical education.

Abstract Objectives Given the importance of optimizing physical activity in adolescents, the purpose of this study was to examine the effect of activity mode, environment, and semester on step counts/minute and MVPA during daily middle-school physical education (PE). Design A prospective and observational research design. Methods Participants included 232 students (Mean age = 13.3 ± 0.4 years) recruited from the seventh and eighth grades from one public middle-school in the U.S. Activity modes were employed across the school year including motor skills, games, and fitness activities located in indoor and outdoor environments. Step counts/minute and MVPA were monitored across 132 PE lessons during Fall and Spring semesters using NL-1000 piezoelectric pedometers. A three-way Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA) was employed to examine the effect of activity mode (skill games vs. fitness), environment (indoors vs. outdoors), and semester (Fall vs. Spring) on student step counts/minute and MVPA. MANCOVA was followed by separate ANCOVA tests. Results MANCOVA yielded a statistically significant three-way interaction (Wilks’ Λ = 0.98 F (2, 1153) = 8.9, P P d = 1.6) and MVPA (Mean difference = 7.8 min, P d = 2.0). Conclusions Daily middle-school physical activity was the highest during outdoor fitness activities in the Fall and the lowest during indoor motor skill games in the Spring.
Adolescents in the News Media

As with fictional media, youth are often the center of focus in news media related to crime. Much recent news media has focused on issues such as bullying among youth, the alleged increase in female delinquents or juvenile superpredators and new forms of violence among youth. By and large, such claims tend to prove ephemeral, but may influence the ways in which viewers form beliefs about crime. Unlike with fictional media, evidence suggests that news media may have some cultivating effects on viewer’s beliefs about crime, although some individual viewers may be more influenced than others. Issues such as trial by media, missing white girl syndrome (MWGS), and follow-through failure are also discussed.
Ocular neovascularization: a valuable model system

There is no unique formula for angiogenesis. Instead there is a large group of potential participating proteins that interact in complex ways. Depending upon the surrounding cell types and the relative expression levels of angiogenesis-related proteins, the 'angiogenesis cascade' can vary. Therefore, it is valuable to study and compare the role of proteins in several well-characterized vascular beds. The eye provides a useful model system, because it contains several vascular beds sandwiched between avascular tissue. This allows for unequivocal identification and quantitation of new vessels. Retina-specific promoters combined with inducible promoter systems provide a means to regulate the expression of proteins of interest. As a relatively isolated compartment, the eye also provides advantages for gene transfer. By gaining insight regarding the molecular signals involved in various types of ocular angiogenesis, general concepts can emerge that may apply to other settings, including tumor angiogenesis. One concept that has emerged is that despite participation of multiple stimulatory factors for ocular neovascularization, VEGF plays an essential role and interruption of VEGF signaling is an important therapeutic strategy. Another concept is that while most studies have focused on prevention of ocular neovascularization, regression of new vessels is desirable and is achievable with at least three agents, combretastatin A-4 phosphate, pigment epithelium-derived factor, and angiopoietin-2. Finally, endostatin and angiostatin, which have been sources of controversy because of inconsistent results in tumor models, have been shown to have good efficacy when delivered by gene transfer in models of ocular neovascularization. These results provide leads for new ocular treatments and perspective for evaluation of studies of neovascularization in extraocular tissues.