cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Content Analysis of the Methods Used to Study Emerging Adults in Six Developmental Journals From 2013 to 2015

A content analysis of 2,050 papers published in six leading developmental journals from 2013 to 2015 was conducted to assess methods used in research on 18- to 29-year-olds. Of the 1,713 empirical studies examined, 8.6% included participants exclusively within that age range, and an additional 16.9% included such participants as part of a larger sample. In studies using samples exclusively aged 18–29, the most common methodologies were longitudinal (32.7%) and cross-sectional (31.8%) designs, followed by qualitative (17.6%) and mixed methods (10.1%). Around a quarter (25.7%) of the studies recruited samples from outside the United States. In around one third (34.9%) of U.S. studies, a majority of the sample represented traditionally underrepresented groups (race/ethnicity other than White/Caucasian). Approximately 44% of studies involved recruitment from colleges or universities. The most common stated study limitations involved use of a college sample, being limited to a particular region, and limitation...
Nonuniform memory affinity strategy in multithreaded sparse matrix computations

As the core counts on modern multiprocessor systems increase, so does the memory contention with all the processes/threads trying to access the main memory simultaneously. This is typical of UMA (Uniform Memory Access) architectures with a single physical memory bank leading to poor scalability in multithreaded applications. To alleviate this problem, modern systems are moving increasingly towards Nonuniform Memory Access (NUMA) architectures, in which the physical memory is split into several (typically two or four) banks. Each memory bank is associated with a set of cores enabling threads to operate from their own physical memory banks while retaining the concept of a shared virtual address space. However, accessing shared data structures from the remote memory banks may become increasingly slow. This paper proposes a way to determine and pin certain parts of the shared data to specific memory banks, thus minimizing remote accesses. To achieve this, the existing application code may be supplied with the proposed interface to set up and distribute shared data appropriately among memory banks. Experiments with the NAS CG benchmark as well as with a realistic large-scale application calculating ab initio nuclear structure have been performed. Speedups of up to 3.5 times were observed with the proposed approach compared with the default memory placement policy.
An Empirical Study on the Determinants of Effective Database Management

Data resource management (DRM) has been critical to IS for almost two decades and yet there have been curiously few research studies on the subject. This study proposes and tests a model relating the nature of database planning and the database administration function to database performance. The results of a survey of 171 organizations reveal that the identification of subject databases and the existence of a managerial DBA (as opposed to a technical DBA) is strongly related to a select set of benefits associated with databases. These benefits include the integration of applications, control of data redundancy, the ability to respond to ad-hoc informational needs and the security of data. Database planning and DBA role were found to have no significant effect on the more operational benefits and those related to application development. These results suggest an evolutionary pattern in the attainment of DBMS benefits with implications for both research and practice.
CRT-200.03 Frailty in Patients With Critical Limb Ischemia

Critical limb ischemia (CLI) is an advanced stage of peripheral arterial disease in which insufficient blood flow to an affected extremity results in ischemia, frailty, and adverse outcomes. Frailty is increasingly used to preoperatively risk-stratify patients and has become an important prognostic
Earthquakes as a Complex Phenomenon

Earthquakes are a very rich and complex phenomenon. It is essential to know what physical mechanisms are important. Modeling earthquake dynamics provide insights into the underlying physics. Some recent work will be reviewed.
Overview of the ATILA finite element method (FEM) software code

Abstract: The finite element method and its application to smart transducer systems are introduced in this chapter. The fundamentals of finite element analysis are introduced first. Then, the section ‘Defining the equations for the problem’ treats how to integrate the piezoelectric constitutive equations, and ‘Application of the finite element method’ describes the meshing. The last section ‘FEM simulation examples’ introduces six cases; multilayer actuator, Π-type linear ultrasonic motor, windmill ultrasonic motor, metal tube ultrasonic motor, piezoelectric transformer, and ‘cymbal’ underwater transducer, which includes most of the basic capabilities of ATILA FEM code.
The Great Psychotherapy Debate

The second edition of The Great Psychotherapy Debate has been updated and revised to expand the presentation of the Contextual Model, which is derived from a scientific understanding of how humans heal in a social context and explains findings from a vast array of psychotherapies studies. This model provides a compelling alternative to traditional research on psychotherapy, which tends to focus on identifying the most effective treatment for particular disorders through emphasizing the specific ingredients of treatment. The new edition also includes a history of healing practices, medicine, and psychotherapy, an examination of therapist effects, and a thorough review of the research on common factors such as the alliance, expectations, and empathy.
Nonnegative tensor factorization for contaminant source identification.

Abstract Unsupervised Machine Learning (ML) is becoming increasingly popular for solving various types of data analytics problems including feature extraction, blind source separation, exploratory analyses, model diagnostics, etc. Here, we have developed a new unsupervised ML method based on Nonnegative Tensor Factorization (NTF) for identification of the original groundwater types (including contaminant sources) present in geochemical mixtures observed in an aquifer . Frequently, groundwater types with different geochemical signatures are related to different background and/or contamination sources. The characterization of groundwater mixing processes is a challenging but very important task critical for any environmental management project aiming to characterize the fate and transport of contaminants in the subsurface and perform contaminant remediation. This task typically requires solving complex inverse models representing groundwater flow and geochemical transport in the aquifer, where the inverse analysis accounts for available site data. Usually, the model is calibrated against the available data characterizing the spatial and temporal distribution of the observed geochemical types. Numerous different geochemical constituents and processes may need to be simulated in these models which further complicates the analyses. Additionally, the application of inverse methods may introduce biases in the analyses through the assumptions made in the model development process. Here, we substitute the model inversion with unsupervised ML analysis. The ML analysis does not make any assumptions about underlying physical and geochemical processes occurring in the aquifer. Our ML methodology, called NTF k, is capable of identifying (1) the unknown number of groundwater types (contaminant sources) present in the aquifer, (2) the original geochemical concentrations (signatures) of these groundwater types and (3) spatial and temporal dynamics in the mixing of these groundwater types. These results are obtained only from the measured geochemical data without any additional site information. In general, the NTFk methodology allows for interpretation of large high-dimensional datasets representing diverse spatial and temporal components such as state variables and velocities. NTFk has been tested on synthetic and real-world site three-dimensional datasets. The NTFk algorithm is designed to work with geochemical data represented in the form of concentrations, ratios (of two constituents; for example, isotope ratios), and delta notations (standard normalized stable isotope ratios).
Promoting a Healthy Post-Collegiate Lifestyle: An Evaluation of the Moving On! Transition Program for Student-Athletes

Former student-athletes may face challenges in maintaining physical activity and engaging in healthy eating after transitioning out of collegiate athletics. Maladaptive adjustments following athletic transitions can result in detrimental outcomes for former student-athletes, ranging from physical health concerns to negative psychosocial consequences. In contrast, positive transitions can promote optimal health and wellbeing. The Moving On! program was developed in recognition of the unique challenges faced by student-athletes and the importance of making healthy transitions out of college sports. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the Moving On! program’s influence on several relevant theoretical constructs that influence health behaviors, including student-athletes’ self-perceptions and self-determined motivation for maintaining physical activity and healthy eating, along with their self-efficacy and intentions for engaging in these health-related behaviors after college. NCAA student-athletes in their final year of competition were recruited from two institutions. Participants (N = 20) completed the Moving On! program along with pre- and post-test surveys and focus group interviews. Survey results revealed positive changes in nutrition-related self-perceptions (t(19) = 2.406; p = 0.026; g = 0.38) and self-efficacy for healthy eating behaviors (t(19) = 3.022; p = 0.007; g = 0.70). No significant changes were observed for exercise identity (p = 0.845), physical activity self-efficacy (p = 0.114), or autonomous motivation for exercise (p = 0.108) and health eating (p = 0.264). Focus group responses indicated that student-athletes’ experiences in the program fostered positive shifts in their self-perceptions, enhanced their self-determined motivation, and reinforced their intentions for engaging in physical activity and healthy eating in the future. Implications for future research and program implementation are discussed.
Stability of Captisol-Enabled Melphalan (Evomela) in 0.9% Sodium Chloride Solution in IV Bags and Glass Vials at Room Temperature and Refrigeration

Background Melphalan is an alkylating agent, which is used in intensive treatment of hematological malignancies and solid tumors. The older melphalan formulation (Alkeran) has very limited ( Methods Lyophilized CE melphalan was reconstituted to 5mg/ml with 0.9% sodium chloride (in glass vials), diluted to 2 mg/ml with 0.9% sodium chloride, in IV (PVC) bags. They were then stored at RT (23°C) and under refrigeration. Aliquots (1ml) were removed at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 24hr. after preparation of 2mg/ml IV bags and the concentration was analyzed by using a validated high performance liquid chromatography method. Since 5 mg/ml reconstituted vials were previously found to be stable for 24 hr., we determined its stability after 24 hr. at RT and under refrigeration. The 2 mg/ml or 5 mg/ml CE melphalan was considered stable if the concentration at a given time-point was greater than 90% of the initial concentration at time zero. Results The percent concentration at various time points compared to time zero, is presented in Table 1. The percent concentration after 24 hr. of 2 mg/ml CE melphalan in an IV bag was 93.77% at RT, and 95.87% under refrigeration. The percent concentration of 5 mg/ml CE melphalan solution in a glass vials at 24 hr. was 99.44% at RT and 99.84 % under refrigeration. Conclusion The results indicate that both 2 mg/ml CE melphalan in IV bags, and 5 mg/ml in glass vials are both stable at RT and under refrigeration for 24 hr. after preparation.
Genetic basis of motoric cognitive risk syndrome in the Health and Retirement Study

Objective To examine polygenic inheritance of motoric cognitive risk syndrome (MCR), a predementia syndrome characterized by the presence of subjective cognitive complaints and slow gait. Methods We analyzed 4,915 individuals, age 65 years and above, with European ancestry (mean age 75.0 ± 6.8 years, 56.6% women) in the Health and Retirement Study. Polygenic scores (PGS) were calculated as weighted sums of the effect of single nucleotide polymorphisms, with effect sizes derived from genome-wide association studies. The association between PGSs of 9 phenotypes (general cognition, body mass index [BMI], mean arterial pressure, education, Alzheimer disease [AD], neuroticism, well-being, waist circumference, and depressive symptoms) and MCR as well as its key components (cognitive complaints and slow gait) were examined by logistic regression, adjusting for age, sex, education, and genetic ancestry, and reported as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results There were 260 prevalent MCR cases, 529 with slow gait, and 1,928 with subjective cognitive complaints. Higher PGSs for BMI (OR 1.22, 95% CI 1.07–1.39) and waist circumference (OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.07–1.40) were associated with MCR, and PGS of AD showed a suggestive association (OR 1.16, 95% CI 1.02–1.32). Higher PGS for neuroticism (OR 1.10, 95% CI 1.03–1.18) was associated with cognitive complaints, whereas higher well-being PGS (OR 0.92, 95% CI 0.87–0.98) was protective. PGS for BMI (OR 1.16, 95% CI 1.06–1.28), waist circumference (OR 1.19, 95% CI 1.08–1.31), and AD (OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.03–1.24) was associated with slow gait. Conclusion Obesity-related genetic traits increase risk of MCR syndrome; further investigation is required to identify potential therapeutic targets.
Characteristics of Chronic Pain among Head and Neck Cancer Patients Treated with Radiation Therapy: A Retrospective Study

Pain is common among patients with head and neck cancer (HNC). However, there are very limited data on chronic pain among HNC patients treated with radiation therapy (XRT). In this retrospective study, we focused on the characteristics of chronic post-XRT pain in such patients. Post-XRT pain is common among HNC patients; however, we found discrepancy between frequency of treatment and frequency of chronic pain, suggesting poor documentation of pain in the medical records. Among patients who reported to have chronic post-XRT pain, most of them described having severe pain and used descriptors of neuropathic pain. Pharynx was the commonest site of cancer as well as the commonest site of cancer-related chronic pain; squamous cell carcinoma was the most frequent histological pattern, and opioids were used most often to treat such chronic pain. There was a significant association between chronic pain and number of sites of pain, and chronic pain was also associated with use of opioids.
Comment on Bermingham's Summary of the U.N.'s Year 2000 Replacement Migration, Is it a Solution to Declining Population and Aging?

The UN's solicitousness for developed countries because of the possibility of their being depopulated seems disingenuous. In fact, developed countries are typically the losers from vast immigrant flows, and the underdeveloped countries that rid themselves of excess population are the gainers.
Abstract 1909: Stromal cell driven proteolysis of versican is limited by epithelial cells in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

Background: Clinical responses to checkpoint inhibitors in gastrointestinal cancers have largely been limited to MSI-high disease. Proteolysis of an immunosuppressive proteoglycan versican (VCAN) by ADAMTS proteases correlates with enhanced CD8+ T cell infiltration in colorectal cancer independent of mismatch repair status. Here we investigate the potential of this biomarker in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) as VCAN is abundant VCAN in this disease. Methods: KPC mice were used to generate mouse PDAC tissue and organotypic spheroids. A human PDAC tissue microarray (TMA) was developed representing normal and neoplastic pancreatic tissues across 131 patients. IHC was used to determine levels of VCAN, an immunostimulatory fragment versikine (Vkine), and CD8+ T cells. Bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) were derived from BALB/c mice. VCAN-specific ADAMTS protease expression profiles were compared between antitumor (M1) and protumor (M2) mouse macrophages, human pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) and patient-derived PDAC-organotypic spheroids. Results: IHC analysis of normal murine pancreas demonstrated low VCAN and Vkine staining. VCAN is abundant in metaplastic/neoplastic KPC mouse pancreatic tissues. Rare VCAN proteolytic predominant areas (samples with both low VCAN and high Vkine) in KPC tumors had increased tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells/ high-powered field compared to weak areas (17 vs 4, p Citation Format: Philip B. Emmerich, Chelsie Sievers, Hanna Rainiero, Rosabella Pitera, Connor Maloney, Susan Payne, Mitchell Depke, Cheri Pasch, Linda Clipson, Jillian K. Johnson, Kristina Matkowskyj, Fotis Asimakopoulos, Dustin A. Deming. Stromal cell driven proteolysis of versican is limited by epithelial cells in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1909.
Crossing the Divide Between Academic Research and Practical Application of Ethology and Animal Behavior Information On Commercial Livestock and Poultry Farms

Abstract There are young managers in commercial animal agriculture in the United States, United Kingdom, Asia, and other countries, who are unaware of the scientific field of animal ethology. They may have an agricultural degree with no training in animal behavior. Some have no idea that scientists have already conducted many research studies on animal behavior. In this opinion paper, the author discusses ways to cross this divide. Basic animal behavior principles should be taught to both veterinary and animal science undergraduate students. The basic information that should be taught to undergraduates is: 1) Behavioral principles of livestock handling, 2) importance of good stockmanship to improve animal productivity, 3) principles of animal learning, 4) bull, ram and boar safety, 5) the importance of behavioral needs and environmental enrichment, 6) how to recognize abnormal behaviors, and 7) formation of dominance hierarchies. This material should be in introductory courses with practical explanations about why it is important. For example, a nutritionist needs to understand how dominance behavior may reduce access to feed. When I communicate directly with students, they are eager to learn about behavior. Students should also be taught to use the major academic databases. The second step is that researchers must communicate with producers in jargon-free language. The third step is training graduate students for management jobs on farms or research careers in industry. In the developed countries, there is a shortage of academic positions for new Ph.D.’s. Graduates in animal behavior subjects can have excellent careers outside of academia. Training in animal behavior may help them influence the policies of their employers to improve animal welfare. There are also factors in the future that may block free flow of scientific information. Unfortunately, some research results remain proprietary commercial industry information and they are not published in the scientific literature. To promote the spread of knowledge, academic researchers should avoid signing long-term non-disclosure agreements with industry. These agreements may block scientific publication. Everybody in the field of animal behavior needs to communicate outside their field and explain why behavior is important.
History of Science (HOS) as a Vehicle to Communicate Aspects of Nature of Science (NOS): Multiple Cases of HOS Instructors’ Perspectives Regarding NOS

Science educators generally accept that the nature of science (NOS) should have a prominent place in school science curricula. This study highlights the special opportunity offered by the history of science (HOS) as a context for teaching NOS, by revealing HOS instructors’ perspectives. We collected data from 15 instructors at 11 institutions who teach a HOS class as part of a national science and math teacher preparation program. This resulted in multiple case studies and interesting cross-case conclusions. The results show several aspects of NOS that these instructors focused on in addition to HOS goals, accompanied by a variety of different approaches to including NOS. Few of the instructors believed that NOS should be the primary focus of a HOS class or that it should be taught explicitly; most instructors reported a belief that preservice teachers will learn about NOS as a natural outcome of a HOS class.
Assessment of Predictors of Left Atrial Volume Response to a Transcatheter InterAtrial Shunt Device (from the REDUCE LAP-HF Trial)

In patients with heart failure and preserved or mildly reduced ejection fractions (EF ≥40%), implantation of an interatrial shunt device (IASD) resulted in heterogenous changes of the left atrial (LA) volume. Baseline characteristics that correlate with a favorable decrease in LA volume are unknown. We hypothesized that a larger ratio of left to right atrial volume at baseline would correlate strongly with LA volume decongestion following IASD implantation. Reduce Elevated LA Pressure in Patients With Heart Failure was a multicenter study of the safety and feasibility of IASD implantation. Sixty-four patients with EF ≥40% underwent device implantation along with baseline conventional echocardiograms, speckle tracking echocardiography, and resting and exercise hemodynamics. Higher LA compliance (−4.2%, p = 0.048) and right atrial reservoir strain (−0.8%, p = 0.005) were independently associated with a percent decrease in the systolic LA volume index from baseline to 6-months. In conclusion, greater LA volume reduction following IASD implantation is associated with higher baseline compliance of the left atrium and higher reservoir strain of the right atrium.
MANAGING LATE-LIFE MENTAL ILLNESS IN THE HOME

Abstract As the population ages in the United States, so does the percentage of the people with disabilities and who are homebound increase. Millions of older adults have a disability (35.2% of those aged 65 years and older), and 3.4 million Medicare beneficiaries received home health agency services in 2017 because they are homebound. Among homebound older adults, approximately 40% have mental illness. Given the difficulty these older adults have in leaving their homes to attend medical appointments, many of them are underserved by mental health services that are traditionally delivered in outpatient offices. There is thereby a growing need to bring mental health services into the homes of these vulnerable community-dwelling older adults. This symposium will present and discuss four state-of-the-art efforts to bring mental health services into the homes of older adults. First, we will discuss findings from a study designed to deliver problem-solving therapy to older adults via in-home visits. Among older adults with need for in-home supportive services, this study found that the presence of executive dysfunction deficits and slow gait speed may increase the risk of incident major depression or generalized anxiety disorder. Second, we will discuss findings from a study that trained lay advisors to deliver behavioral activation via videoconferencing to older adults receiving home-delivered meals. This study found that behavioral activation delivered by trained lay advisors is a clinically effective treatment leading to meaningful reductions in depressive symptoms. Third, we will discuss the development of an intervention designed to integrate depression management into the routine care provided by home health nurses. More specifically, we will discuss the clinical effectiveness of this intervention, its feasibility in real-world practice, and the utility of long-distance training to support implementation. Lastly, we will discuss the rationale for and development of a multicomponent home health agency-based intervention designed to help older adults transition to and remain in their homes following a skilled nursing facility discharge. This study found that mental illness is common among older adults discharged from the SNF to the community and is associated with a decreased length of stay in the community.
Unraveling the Genomic-Epigenomic Interaction Landscape in Triple Negative and Non-Triple Negative Breast Cancer.

Background: The recent surge of next generation sequencing of breast cancer genomes has enabled development of comprehensive catalogues of somatic mutations and expanded the molecular classification of subtypes of breast cancer. However, somatic mutations and gene expression data have not been leveraged and integrated with epigenomic data to unravel the genomic-epigenomic interaction landscape of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) and non-triple negative breast cancer (non-TNBC). Methods: We performed integrative data analysis combining somatic mutation, epigenomic and gene expression data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to unravel the possible oncogenic interactions between genomic and epigenomic variation in TNBC and non-TNBC. We hypothesized that within breast cancers, there are differences in somatic mutation, DNA methylation and gene expression signatures between TNBC and non-TNBC. We further hypothesized that genomic and epigenomic alterations affect gene regulatory networks and signaling pathways driving the two types of breast cancer. Results: The investigation revealed somatic mutated, epigenomic and gene expression signatures unique to TNBC and non-TNBC and signatures distinguishing the two types of breast cancer. In addition, the investigation revealed molecular networks and signaling pathways enriched for somatic mutations and epigenomic changes unique to each type of breast cancer. The most significant pathways for TNBC were: retinal biosynthesis, BAG2, LXR/RXR, EIF2 and P2Y purigenic receptor signaling pathways. The most significant pathways for non-TNBC were: UVB-induced MAPK, PCP, Apelin endothelial, Endoplasmatic reticulum stress and mechanisms of viral exit from host signaling Pathways. Conclusion: The investigation revealed integrated genomic, epigenomic and gene expression signatures and signing pathways unique to TNBC and non-TNBC, and a gene signature distinguishing the two types of breast cancer. The study demonstrates that integrative analysis of multi-omics data is a powerful approach for unravelling the genomic-epigenomic interaction landscape in TNBC and non-TNBC.
Longitudinal clinical, neuropsychological, and neuroimaging characterization of a kindred with a 12-octapeptide repeat insertion in PRNP: the next generation.

Highly penetrant inherited mutations in the prion protein gene (PRNP) offer a window to study the pathobiology of prion disorders. Clinical, neuropsychological, and neuroimaging characterization of...
Ki67 index and mitotic count: Correlation and variables affecting the accuracy of the quantification in endocrine/neuroendocrine tumors

Abstract Quantification of Ki67 and mitosis is time consuming and subject to inter-observer variabilities. Limited studies explored the impact of those variables on the results and the correlation between mitotic count and Ki67 index in endocrine/neuroendocrine tumors, particularly so since the advent of PHH3 antibody and digital pathology. Using Ki67 and mitosis as examples, this study is intended to reveal variables affecting accurate quantification of biomarkers, and to explore the relationship of Ki67 index and mitotic count/index in endocrine/neuroendocrine tumors. Using both manual and pathologist supervised digital image analysis (PSDIA) methods, we examined the impact of post-analytical variables on the quantification of mitosis and Ki67 index and studied the correlation between them in 41 cases of endocrine/neuroendocrine tumors of variable histological grades/proliferating rates. We found that the selection of hotspots, field size and especially threshold affected the outcome of quantification of mitosis and Ki67 index; that mitotic count/index strongly (p A consensus among pathologists is needed for the selection of hotspots, field size and threshold for quantification of mitosis and Ki67 index.
Return to Sports After Joint Preservation Hip Surgery

Femoroacetabular impingement results from a mismatch of congruency between the femoral head and the acetabulum. This condition is most common among young, active patients and may lead to pain, decreased quality of life, and inability to participate in athletics. Hip preservation surgery is widely performed is used as a definitive treatment option in athletes at all levels of competition. Athletes have reported high rates of return to play and satisfaction and expect rehabilitation to require approximately 4 to 6 months. This article provides an overview of femoroacetabular impingement, including diagnosis and treatment, with focus on athletes and return to play.
Precision Glass molding for diffractive optics

We proposed a comprehensive technical scheme addressing the fabrication limitation of diamond turning, coating stability and adhesion problem during molding process,to realize high performance of diffractive optics.
Outcome of gastric antral vascular ectasia and related anemia after orthotopic liver transplantation

Background Gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE) is a significant complication of cirrhosis. Numerous medical, surgical, and endoscopic treatment modalities have been proposed with varied satisfactory results. In a few small studies, GAVE and associated anemia have resolved after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). Aim To assess the impact of OLT on the resolution of GAVE and related anemia. Methods We retrospectively reviewed clinical records of adult patients with GAVE who underwent OLT between September 2012 and September 2019. Demographics and other relevant clinical findings were collected, including hemoglobin levels and upper endoscopy findings before and after OLT. The primary outcome was the resolution of GAVE and its related anemia after OLT. Results Sixteen patients were identified. Mean pre-OLT Hgb was 7.7 g/dL and mean 12 mo post-OLT Hgb was 11.9 g/dL, (P = 0.001). Anemia improved (defined as Hgb increased by 2g) in 87.5% of patients within 6 to 12 mo after OLT and resolved completely in half of the patients. Post-OLT esophagogastroduodenoscopy was performed in 10 patients, and GAVE was found to have resolved entirely in 6 of those patients (60%). Conclusion Although GAVE and associated anemia completely resolved in the majority of our patients after OLT, GAVE persisted in a few patients after transplant. Further studies in a large group of patients are necessary to understand the causality of disease and to better understand the factors associated with the persistence of GAVE post-transplant.
Oxidase reactions in photoredox catalysis

The nature of the terminal oxidant in oxidation reactions is an important reaction variable that can profoundly impact the mechanism, efficiency, and practicality of a synthetic protocol. One might reasonably categorize catalytic oxidation reactions into either “oxygenase” type reactions, in which the oxidant serves as an atom- or group-transfer reagent, or “oxidase” type reactions, where the oxidant is involved in catalyst turnover but does not become structurally incorporated into the product. As the field of photoredox catalysis has matured over the past decade, many successful oxygenase-type photoreactions have been reported. The development of photocatalytic oxidase reactions, on the other hand, has been somewhat slower. This tutorial review presents selected examples of some of the key classes of terminal oxidants that have been used in the design of photoredox oxidase transformations, along with the mechanistic features and benefits of each.
Controlling the Dynamics of Three Electron Spin Qubits in a Donor-Acceptor-Radical Molecule Using Dielectric Environment Changes.

Photogenerated entangled electron spin pairs provide a versatile source of molecular qubits. Here, we examine the spin-dependent dynamics of a covalent donor–acceptor–radical molecule, D-A-R•, wher...
Targeted knockdown of the PAF49 component of the PAF53/PAF49 heterodimer causes the degradation of PAF53.

There are significant differences in the components of the ribosomal DNA transcription apparatuses of yeast and mammals. Moreover, the patterns of regulation between mammals and yeast are also different. To overcome, deficits in our understanding of mammalian rDNA transcription, we have developed a system to introduce an inducible degron into the endogenous genes of mammalian cells. This allows us to combine a knock out the endogenous gene product and replace it with mutant proteins in order to study their function in ribosomal DNA transcription. Using this system, we show that the knockout of PAF49, the mammalian ortholog of yeast A34, results in the relatively rapid degradation of PAF53, the ortholog of yeast A49. Interestingly, the steady-state levels of the core subunits of RNA polymerase I are unaffected.
Russian Industry In March 2021

The increase in demand evidenced in March allows Russian industrial enterprises to hire personnel and maintain the output growth. Sales forecasts, the output and hiring plans continue to gain optimism, giving the reason to hope that the upward trend will continue in Q 2 2021. However, inflationary expectations are also high in the Russian industry.
The Mummified Heart: A Problem in Medicolegal Diagnosis

An occasional problem encountered in forensic medicine is the finding of a mummified body, preserved by chance in an environment conducive to desiccation. Such individuals have usually died suddenly in an obscure location, precluding their discovery and allowing time for natural mummification to take place. In the absence of evidence of trauma, it is important to establish a natural disease process such as arteriosclerotic heart disease (ASHD) to account for death.
Reconciling agent ontologies for web service applications

Because there is still no agreed-upon global ontology, Web services supplied by different providers typically have individual and unique semantics, described by independently developed ontologies. The seamless connection of these distributed Web services for business-to-business applications depends heavily on reconciling the disparate semantics, possibly by integrating the ontologies. In this paper, we describe an approach to reconcile ontologies from distributed Web services. Our approach is totally automated, and features the following: i) alignment of the ontologies is performed without previous agreement on the semantics of the terminology in each ontology; ii) both linguistic and contextual features are considered; iii) the use of WordNet for linguistic analysis; iv) integration of heuristic knowledge for contextual analysis; and v) inference of new relationships by applying several rules based on domain-independent relationships and property lists. Experiments have been carried out to show the promising results of our system.
Block of glutamatergic excitatory synaptic channels by chlorisondamine.

The effects of chlorisondamine on glutamate-activated channels are described. Chlorisondamine reduced the amplitude of intracellularly recorded excitatory junctional potentials and of responses to iontophoretically applied glutamate. Dose-response curves indicate a noncompetitive interaction. Extracellularly recorded synaptic currents were recorded while holding muscles at different membrane potentials. Chlorisondamine reduced the peak amplitude of synaptic currents and changed the time course of decay. Analysis of these results suggests that chlorisondamine blocks the glutamate-gated channel.
MutL traps MutS at a DNA mismatch

DNA mismatch repair (MMR) identifies and corrects errors made during replication. In all organisms except those expressing MutH, interactions between a DNA mismatch, MutS, MutL, and the replication processivity factor (β-clamp or PCNA) activate the latent MutL endonuclease to nick the error-containing daughter strand. This nick provides an entry point for downstream repair proteins. Despite the well-established significance of strand-specific nicking in MMR, the mechanism(s) by which MutS and MutL assemble on mismatch DNA to allow the subsequent activation of MutL's endonuclease activity by β-clamp/PCNA remains elusive. In both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, MutS homologs undergo conformational changes to a mobile clamp state that can move away from the mismatch. However, the function of this MutS mobile clamp is unknown. Furthermore, whether the interaction with MutL leads to a mobile MutS-MutL complex or a mismatch-localized complex is hotly debated. We used single molecule FRET to determine that Thermus aquaticus MutL traps MutS at a DNA mismatch after recognition but before its conversion to a sliding clamp. Rather than a clamp, a conformationally dynamic protein assembly typically containing more MutL than MutS is formed at the mismatch. This complex provides a local marker where interaction with β-clamp/PCNA could distinguish parent/daughter strand identity. Our finding that MutL fundamentally changes MutS actions following mismatch detection reframes current thinking on MMR signaling processes critical for genomic stability.
Health‐Related Dysfunctional Beliefs and Health Anxiety: Further Evidence of Cognitive Specificity

Objective The specificity of Salkovskis and Warwick's (2001) 4 health-related dysfunctional beliefs to health anxiety was examined. Method Specificity was examined using a medically healthy sample of community members recruited through the Internet (N = 410, mean age = 32.9 years, 55.4% female). Structural equation modeling was used to compare the equivalence of latent correlations and partial path coefficients that controlled for the overlap among the targeted dysfunctional beliefs. Results Health-related dysfunctional beliefs were significantly more strongly related to health anxiety than obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Further, health-related dysfunctional beliefs continued to share robust relations with health anxiety after controlling for related dysfunctional beliefs, although anxiety sensitivity appeared particularly relevant to health anxiety as well. Conclusions These results support the specificity of Salkovskis and Warwick's health-related dysfunctional beliefs to health anxiety, as well as the importance given to dysfunctional beliefs within cognitive-behavioral models and treatments of health anxiety.
Novel mutations in the KCNV2 gene in patients with cone dystrophy and a supernormal rod electroretinogram.

Purpose: To identify mutations in KCNV2 in patients with a form of cone dystrophy characterized by a supernormal rod electroretinogram (ERG). Methods: The 2 exons and flanking intron DNA of KCNV2 from 8 unrelated patients were PCR amplified and sequenced. Results: We found 1 frameshift, 2 nonsense, 1 non-stop, and 6 missense mutations. Every patient had one or two mutations identified. Of the missense mutations, 4 affected residues were in the amino terminal region of the protein, and two in the pore region. Conclusions: KCNV2 mutations account for most if not all cases of cone dystrophy with a supernormal rod ERG.
The follicular envelope of ascidian eggs: A site of messenger RNA and protein synthesis during early embryogenesis

Spawned ascidian eggs are surrounded by an extra-embryonic envelope that consists of test cells and follicle cells and remains closely associated with the developing embryo until the time of larval hatching. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether this envelope is involved in macromolecular synthesis during early embryogenesis. Autoradiographic detection of radioactive uridine and leucine incorporation into the egg envelope of Ciona intestinalis and Styela plicata showed that this structure was active in RNA and protein synthesis between fertilization and the sixteen-cell stage. In both ascidian species the components of the envelope active in macromolecular synthesis were the follicle cells. As shown by in situ hybridization with an [3H]-poly (U) probe, the follicle cells but not the test cells contained substantial accumulations of poly(A)-containing RNA during embryogenesis. Approximately 90% of the RNA synthesized in the follicle cells was poly(A)-containing RNA. Both follicle cells and test cells, however, participated in macromolecular synthesis during oogenesis. The follicle cells of unfertilized Ciona eggs primarily synthesized a 42,000 molecular weight polypeptide which may be coded for by a major 16S putative mRNA species. It is concluded that the follicle cells are active in RNA and protein synthesis during early ascidian development. The production of a major polypeptide species suggests an active physiological role for these cells during embryogenesis.
Structural Evaluation of Distant Homology. A 3-D Model of the Ligand Binding Domain of the Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Based on Acetylcholinesterase: Consistency with Experimental Data

Acetylcholine is a ligand for both acetylcholinesterases and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Hence, at least some local sequence and structural similarities between the acetylcholinesterases and the receptors which recognize acetylcholine (ACh) might be expected. Peterson [2] produced an alignment of the ACh binding region between these two types of ACh–binding molecules, featuring a number of well conserved residues. The extent of this region of sequence similarity suggests the possible existence of a common ancenstral ACh binding module. To attempt to further validate Peterson′s sequence alignment we have built a homology model of the ACh binding domain of the human neuromuscular nicotinic acetylcholine receptor based on the structure of acetylcholinesterase from Torpedo californica. Using this 3–D model we have examined the residues which were previously shown to interact with the endogenous ligand by various methods (mapping, site–directed mutagenesis). The consistency of such data with the model provides further support for a structural similarity and possibly a divergent evolutionary relationship between the ACh–binding domains of these two classes of proteins. Results suggest that this model may be able to contribute to an understanding of the structure and function of the ACh receptor. Using this case as an example, we propose that 3–dimensional computer modeling can be used as a tool to evaluate distant homologies when adequate experimental data (e.g., site–directed mutagenesis) is available.
Detection of single nucleotide variations in expressed exons of the human genome using RNA-Seq

Whole-genome resequencing is still a costly method to detect genetic mutations that lead to altered forms of proteins and may be associated with disease development. Since the majority of disease-related single nucleotide variations (SNVs) are found in protein-coding regions, we propose to identify SNVs in expressed exons of the human genome using the recently developed RNA-Seq technique. We identify 12 176 and 10 621 SNVs, respectively, in Jurkat T cells and CD4(+) T cells from a healthy donor. Interestingly, our data show that one copy of the TAL-1 proto-oncogene has a point mutation in 3' UTR and only the mutant allele is expressed in Jurkat cells. We provide a comprehensive dataset for further understanding the cancer biology of Jurkat cells. Our results indicate that this is a cost-effective and efficient strategy to systematically identify SNVs in the expressed regions of the human genome.
Parasite Persistence Correlates with Disease Severity and Localization in Chronic Chagas' Disease

The protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi infects up to 20 million people in Latin America, and the resulting disease (Chagas' disease) is a leading cause of heart disease and death in young adults in areas endemic for the parasite. The clinical symptoms of Chagas' disease have been attributed to autoimmune reactivity to antigens shared by the parasite and host muscle or neuronal tissue. In the present study, in situ polymerase chain reaction analysis was used in murine models of Chagas' disease to demonstrate an absolute correlation between the persistence of parasites and the presence of disease in muscle tissue. Clearance of parasites from tissues, presumably by immunologic mechanisms, correlated with the abatement of inflammatory responses and the resolution of disease. These data provide strong evidence for parasite persistence as a primary cause of Chagas' disease and argue for efforts to eliminate T. cruzi from the host as a means for prevention and treatment of Chagas' disease.
Openings of Chinese telephone service encounters: A comparative analysis across time

Focusing on openings of telephone service encounters, this study utilizes two sets of comparable discourse data in Chinese collected in the same linguistic community more than a decade apart to explore discoursal style changes over time. The comparative analysis examines forms, tasks and discursive interaction of the opening phase oftelephone service encounters in Shanghai, China.Differences in opening routines over time are observed, which include the adoption of institutionalized, more elaborative expressions as well as increased range of interactional tasks performed (including greeting and business self-identification) in more recent data. The findings indicate that a shift may have taken place in business discursive practices in China; it is also suggested that the style of answering telephone calls by businesses or services, or first turn of Chinese telephone service encounters, may have been in the process of being reshaped, gaining certain distinctive institutional markers, thus making such interactions somewhat distinguishable from the pick-up style for non-institutional telephone interactions at home.
College-student smoking: An initial test of an experiential dissonance-enhancing intervention

This study was designed as an initial test of whether an experiential learning intervention, based on cognitive dissonance theory, would increase college-student smokers' intentions to quit smoking. One hundred forty-four college smokers were asked to prepare educational videos about (1) the risks of smoking or (2) the feasibility of quitting (in a 2 x 2 factorial design). Main effects for the experimental manipulations were not found. However, an interaction suggested that intentions to quit smoking were increased by either manipulation, but that the effects were not additive. In addition, risk perceptions were increased by the health-risk manipulation alone, but not when quitting feasibility was also targeted. As predicted, smoking history and smoking-related expectancies were both correlated with magnitude of dissonance. Moreover, dissonance magnitude was associated with the reported use of dissonance-reducing strategies, including intending to quit smoking and believing that tobacco use was out of their control due to nicotine addiction. The findings from this initial analogue study suggest that attitudes and intentions to quit smoking can be influenced by a brief experiential intervention.