cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Raman-induced spectral shifts in optical fibers: general theory based on the moment method

The Raman-induced spectral shift of ultrashort pulses, having its origin in the phenomenon of intrapulse Raman scattering occurring inside silica fibers, has been mostly studied in the context of optical solitons. We use the moment method to show that such a spectral shift occurs both in the normal and anomalous-dispersion regimes and depends not only on the pulse width but also on the frequency chirp associated with an optical pulse. The magnitude of spectral shift depends on the history of pulse width changes and saturates to a constant value if the pulse broadens considerably during propagation.
Serial Diffusion MRI to Monitor and Model Treatment Response of the Targeted Nanotherapy CRLX101

Purpose: Targeted nanotherapies are being developed to improve tumor drug delivery and enhance therapeutic response. Techniques that can predict response will facilitate clinical translation and may help define optimal treatment strategies. We evaluated the efficacy of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging to monitor early response to CRLX101 (a cyclodextrin-based polymer particle containing the DNA topoisomerase I inhibitor camptothecin) nanotherapy (formerly IT-101), and explored its potential as a therapeutic response predictor using a mechanistic model of tumor cell proliferation. Experimental Design: Diffusion MRI was serially conducted following CRLX101 administration in a mouse lymphoma model. Apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) extracted from the data were used as treatment response biomarkers. Animals treated with irinotecan (CPT-11) and saline were imaged for comparison. ADC data were also input into a mathematical model of tumor growth. Histological analysis using cleaved-caspase 3, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase–mediated dUTP nick end labeling, Ki-67, and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) were conducted on tumor samples for correlation with imaging results. Results: CRLX101-treated tumors at day 2, 4, and 7 posttreatment exhibited changes in mean ADC = 16 ± 9%, 24 ± 10%, 49 ± 17%, and size (TV) = −5 ± 3%, −30 ± 4%, and −45 ± 13%, respectively. Both parameters were statistically greater than controls [p(ADC) ≤ 0.02, and p(TV) ≤ 0.01 at day 4 and 7], and noticeably greater than CPT-11–treated tumors (ADC = 5 ± 5%, 14 ± 7%, and 18 ± 6%; TV = −15 ± 5%, −22 ± 13%, and −26 ± 8%). Model-derived parameters for cell proliferation obtained using ADC data distinguished CRLX101-treated tumors from controls (P = 0.02). Conclusions: Temporal changes in ADC specified early CRLX101 treatment response and could be used to model image-derived cell proliferation rates following treatment. Comparisons of targeted and nontargeted treatments highlight the utility of noninvasive imaging and modeling to evaluate, monitor, and predict responses to targeted nanotherapeutics.
Enzalutamide: A Novel Antiandrogen for Patients with Castrate-Resistant Prostate Cancer

Enzalutamide (MDV3100, Xtandi, Medivation\Astellas) is an oral inhibitor of androgen receptor signaling that blocks androgen receptor interaction, inhibits translocation of the androgen receptor to the nucleus, impairs androgen receptor binding to DNA, and inhibits coactivator recruitment and receptor-mediated DNA transcription. In a phase III randomized study comparing enzalutamide with placebo in men with progressive castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) who were previously treated with docetaxel, enzalutamide showed an improvement in overall survival (18.4 vs. 13.6 months, HR, 0.63; P < 0.001). In addition, all secondary endpoints including proportion of patients with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) decline, soft-tissue response, quality-of-life response, time to PSA progression, radiographic progression-free survival, and the time to the first radiographic skeletal event all significantly favored patients treated with enzalutamide. Fatigue, diarrhea, and hot flashes were common in patients treated with enzalutamide, with seizures reported in 5 (0.6%) of the patients. Enzalutamide is a novel therapy that very potently blocks the androgen signaling pathway, which is unregulated during the development of CRPC. The preclinical studies along with the pivotal trials that led to its approval by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in September 2012 will be reviewed.
Hemispherical refraction and camera calibration in underwater vision

We examine the challenges to underwater vision that are caused by light refracting through both hemispherical and planar pressure housing interfaces. As light travels through water, into a pressure housing, and finally into a camera, it is bent according to Snell's law, rendering the typically-used perspective camera model invalid. Through numerical simulation, we examine the degree to which the incorrect perspective model results in 2-D image distortion, and errors in 3-D scene reconstruction computed using stereo vision or structure from motion. We focus on the use of hemispherical pressure housing interfaces with imperfectly mounted cameras, and include comparisons with cameras behind planar interfaces.We also address the problem of calibrating a camera model which takes into account the physical parameters of the pressure housing interface.
A Theoretical Study of Cyclohexyne Addition to Carbonyl–Cα Bonds: Allowed and Forbidden Electrocyclic and Nonpericyclic Ring-Openings of Strained Cyclobutenes

The mechanism of cyclohexyne insertion into a C(O)–Cα bond of cyclic ketones, explored experimentally by the Carreira group, has been investigated using density functional theory. B3LYP and M06–2X calculations were performed in both gas phase and THF (CPCM, UAKS radii). The reaction proceeds through a stepwise [2 + 2] cycloaddition of cyclohexyne to the enolate, followed by three disparate ring-opening possibilities of the cyclobutene alkoxide to give the product: (1) thermally allowed conrotatory electrocyclic ring-opening, (2) thermally forbidden disrotatory electrocyclic ring-opening, or (3) nonpericyclic C–C bond cleavage. Our computational results for the model alkoxide and potassium alkoxide systems show that the thermally allowed electrocyclic ring-opening pathway is favored by less than 1 kcal/mol. In more complex systems containing a potassium alkoxide (e–f), the barrier of the allowed conrotatory ring-opening is disfavored by 4–8 kcal/mol. This suggests that the thermodynamically more stable dis...
The different tissue transcription patterns of genes for HNF-1, C/EBP, HNF-3, and HNF-4, protein factors that govern liver-specific transcription.

The transcription factors that act in hepatocyte-specific gene expression include proteins that are present mainly in liver cells (HNF-1/LFB1, C/EBP, HNF-3, HNF-4) (HNF, hepatocyte nuclear factor; C/EBP, rat enhancer binding protein) and proteins that are widely distributed (AP-1, NF-1, NF-Y/ACF). We show here that the genes encoding each of these liver-enriched factors exhibit different patterns of transcriptional control in different tissues. In addition, there were several instances in which transcription was detected (e.g., for HNF-1) when no mRNA or specific DNA binding protein was found, suggesting the importance of posttranscriptional control in some instances for these factors. These experiments identify C/EBP, HNF-3, and HNF-4, and perhaps also HNF-1, as targets for the study of cascades of transcriptionally controlled transcription factors in differentiated cells.
Two missense alleles of the Drosophila melanogaster act88F actin gene are strongly antimorphic but only weakly induce synthesis of heat shock proteins.

Abstract We have characterized two extant mutations of the flight muscle-specific act88F actin gene of Drosophila melanogaster. Both defective alleles were recovered from flightless mutants isolated previously (K. Mogami and Y. Hotta, Mol. Gen. Genet. 183:409-417, 1981). By directly sequencing the mutant alleles, we demonstrated that in act88FIfm(3)2 a single G-C to A-T transition converted arginine-28 to cysteine and that in act88FIfm(3)4 a single A-T to T-A transversion changed isoleucine-76 to phenylalanine. We showed that the actins encoded by either allele were strongly antimorphic. Mutant alleles effectively disrupted myofibril structure and function in the flight muscles of strains having the diploid complement of wild-type act88F genes. However, unlike antimorphic actins encoded by three previously characterized act88F alleles, neither that encoded by act88FIfm(3)2 nor that encoded by act88FIfm(3)4 was a strong inducer of heat shock protein synthesis.
Sequence compaction for probabilistic analysis of finite-state machines

The objective of this paper is to provide aneffective technique for accurate modeling of the externalinput sequences that affect the behavior of Finite StateMachines (FSMs). The proposed approach relies on adaptivemodeling of binary input streams as Markov sources of fixed-order.The input model itself is derived through a one-passtraversal of the input sequence and can be used to generatean equivalent sequence, much shorter in length compared tothe original sequence. The compacted sequence can besubsequently used with any available simulator to derive thesteady-state and transition probabilities, and the total powerconsumption in the target circuit. As the results demonstrate,large compaction ratios of orders of magnitude can beobtained without a significant loss (less than 3% on average)in the accuracy of estimated values.
CLHM-1 is a Functionally Conserved and Conditionally Toxic Ca2+-Permeable Ion Channel in Caenorhabditis elegans

Disruption of neuronal Ca(2+) homeostasis contributes to neurodegenerative diseases through mechanisms that are not fully understood. A polymorphism in CALHM1, a recently described ion channel that regulates intracellular Ca(2+) levels, is a possible risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer's disease. Since there are six potentially redundant CALHM family members in humans, the physiological and pathophysiological consequences of CALHM1 function in vivo remain unclear. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans expresses a single CALHM1 homolog, CLHM-1. Here we find that CLHM-1 is expressed at the plasma membrane of sensory neurons and muscles. Like human CALHM1, C. elegans CLHM-1 is a Ca(2+)-permeable ion channel regulated by voltage and extracellular Ca(2+). Loss of clhm-1 in the body-wall muscles disrupts locomotory kinematics and biomechanics, demonstrating that CLHM-1 has a physiologically significant role in vivo. The motility defects observed in clhm-1 mutant animals can be rescued by muscle-specific expression of either C. elegans CLHM-1 or human CALHM1, suggesting that the function of these proteins is conserved in vivo. Overexpression of either C. elegans CLHM-1 or human CALHM1 in neurons is toxic, causing degeneration through a necrotic-like mechanism that is partially Ca(2+) dependent. Our data show that CLHM-1 is a functionally conserved ion channel that plays an important but potentially toxic role in excitable cell function.
Efficient processing of nested fuzzy SQL queries

Fuzzy databases have been introduced to deal with uncertain or incomplete information in many applications. The efficiency of processing fuzzy queries in fuzzy databases is a major concern. We provide techniques to unnest nested fuzzy queries of two blocks in fuzzy databases. We show both theoretically and experimentally that unnesting improves the performance of nested queries significantly. The results obtained in the paper form the basis for unnesting fuzzy queries of arbitrary blocks in fuzzy databases. >
High-performance multiple-donor bulk heterojunction solar cells

The use of carefully selected multiple donor polymers is shown to improve the performance of polymer solar cells.
Virtual and real brain tumors: using mathematical modeling to quantify glioma growth and invasion.

Over the last 10 years increasingly complex mathematical models of cancerous growths have been developed, especially on solid tumors, in which growth primarily comes from cellular proliferation. The invasiveness of gliomas, however, requires a change in the concept to include cellular motility in addition to proliferative growth. In this article we review some of the recent developments in mathematical modeling of gliomas. We begin with a model of untreated gliomas and continue with models of polyclonal gliomas following chemotherapy or surgical resection. From relatively simple assumptions involving homogeneous brain tissue bounded by a few gross anatomical landmarks (ventricles and skull) the models have recently been expanded to include heterogeneous brain tissue with different motilities of glioma cells in grey and white matter on a geometrically complex brain domain, including sulcal boundaries, with a resolution of 1 mm 3 voxels. We conclude that the velocity of expansion is linear with time and varies about 10-fold, from about 4 mm/year for low-grade gliomas to about 3 mm/month for high-grade ones. D 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Recent progress on the mathematician's apprentice project

This paper briefly describes the “Mathematician’s Apprentice” project. The project is a case study of explanation-based schema acquisition in the context of an experimental automated apprentice (called MA). The focus of the project is on the development, demonstration and formalization of explanation-based generalization methods.
Luminescent cadmium dimethylsuccinate and dimethylglutarate coordination polymers self-assembled in the presence of flexible dipyridylamide ligands with capability for nitrobenzene detection

Abstract Hydrothermal reaction of cadmium nitrate, a dimethyl-substituted aliphatic α,ω-carboxylic acid, and a flexible dipyridylamide ligand afforded four crystalline coordination polymers whose dimensionality and topology depended on the nitrogen donor disposition within the dipyridyl subunit and the length of the aliphatic chain subunit. These new crystalline phases were structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. {[Cd(dmg)(3-pmna)(H2O)]·H2O}n (1, dmg = 2,2-dimethylglutarate, 3-pmna = 3-pyridylmethylnicotinamide) manifests a simple (4,4) grid structure. {[Cd(dms)(3-pmna)(H2O)]·4.5H2O}n (2, dms = 2,2-dimethylsuccinate) displays a 1D coordination polymer ladder motif with looped pairs of struts. {[Cd(dms)(4-pmina)]·2.5H2O}n (3, 4-pmina = 4-pyridylmethylisonicotinamide) shows a 3,5-connected 2-fold interpenetrated binodal net with (426)(426583) topology, wherein the 4-pmina ligands serve as 3-connected nodes. Higher temperature synthetic regimes afforded {[Cd4(dms)4(H2O)4]·H2O}n (4) which manifests a 66 diamondoid topology based on [Cd4(dms)4(H2O)4]n subunits with embedded cuboid {Cd4O4} tetranuclear clusters. Thermal and luminescent properties of these new materials are also presented. The 3-D phase 3 showed potential as a detector for nitrobenzene.
Understanding drivers of peatland extracellular enzyme activity in the PEATcosm experiment: mixed evidence for enzymic latch hypothesis

Our objective was to assess the impacts of water table position and plant functional groups on peatland extracellular enzyme activity (EEA) framed within the context of the enzymic latch hypothesis. We utilized a full factorial experiment with 2 water table (WT) treatments (high and low) and 3 plant functional groups (PFG: Ericaceae, sedge, Ericaceae and sedge unmanipulated) in twenty-four 1 m3 intact peatland mesocosms. We measured bulk peat and porewater phase oxidative and hydrolytic enzyme activities monthly from June - October 2012. We also measured physical and porewater chemical constituents in tandem to analyze environmental influences on seasonal enzyme activities. No PFG effects on EEA with WT affecting only acid-phosphatase activity in porewater. Strong seasonal dynamics in EEAs overshadowed our manipulations. Analyses indicated phenolic concentrations were influenced by peat redox potential and negatively correlated with phenol oxidase activity as expected from enzymic latch hypothesis. However, no hydrolytic EEA was influenced by total phenolics, but driven largely by seasonal changes in soil temperature and increasing DOC concentrations in porewater. Our results suggest no support for final step in enzymic latch, in which phenolics are posited to regulate hydrolytic EEAs. Mechanisms regulating seasonal influences remain to be elucidated.
Robust detection of alternative splicing in a population of single cells

Single cell RNA-seq experiments provide valuable insight into cellular heterogeneity but suffer from low coverage, 3' bias and technical noise. These unique properties of single cell RNA-seq data make study of alternative splicing difficult, and thus most single cell studies have restricted analysis of transcriptome variation to the gene level. To address these limitations, we developed SingleSplice, which uses a statistical model to detect genes whose isoform usage shows biological variation significantly exceeding technical noise in a population of single cells. Importantly, SingleSplice is tailored to the unique demands of single cell analysis, detecting isoform usage differences without attempting to infer expression levels for full-length transcripts. Using data from spike-in transcripts, we found that our approach detects variation in isoform usage among single cells with high sensitivity and specificity. We also applied SingleSplice to data from mouse embryonic stem cells and discovered a set of genes that show significant biological variation in isoform usage across the set of cells. A subset of these isoform differences are linked to cell cycle stage, suggesting a novel connection between alternative splicing and the cell cycle.
Hepatic metastases from genital cancer: diagnosis by scanning with radioactive gold.

Abstract Nine women with genital neoplasm were studied by scintillation scanning of the liver with colloidal Au 198 . Six of the 9 patients had abnormal hepatic scans. Subsequent tissue studies proved that 5 of the patients had hepatic lesions; the nature of the sixth remains equivocal. Four of the 5 with hepatic lesions had metastatic carcinoma; the fifth had miliary tuberculosis of the liver. This preliminary study indicates that scintillation scanning of the liver is helpful in identifying the presence or absence of hepatic metastaus from genital cancer. For this reason we have adopted the procedure as part of the diagnostic work-up for all patients with known invasive pelvic cancer. This is being done on an experimental basis to ascertain the frequency of hepatic spread at the time of a correct diagnosis.
NIMG-09QUANTIFICATION OF GLIOBLASTOMA LOCALIZATION REVEALS ASSOCIATIONS WITH GENOMIC SUBTYPES AND SUBVENTRICULAR ZONE

INTRODUCTION: The subventricular zone (SVZ) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of the molecularly diverse neoplasm, glioblastoma. Whether molecular subtypes arise from unique niches of the brain remains largely unknown. Here, we tested whether these subtypes of glioblastoma occupy distinct regions of the cerebrum and examined glioblastoma localization in relation to the SVZ. METHODS: Pre-operative MR images from 217 glioblastoma patients from The Cancer Imaging Archive were segmented automatically into contrast enhancing (CE) tumor volumes using Iterative Probabilistic Voxel Labeling (IPVL). Probabilistic maps of tumor location were generated for each subtype and distances were calculated from the centroid of CE tumor volumes to the SVZ. Glioblastomas that arose in a Genetically Modified Murine Model (GEMM) model were also analyzed with regard to SVZ distance and molecular subtype. RESULTS: Classical and mesenchymal glioblastomas were more diffusely distributed and located farther from the SVZ. In contrast, proneural and neural glioblastomas were more likely to be located in closer proximity to the SVZ. Moreover, in a GFAP-CreER; PtenloxP/loxP; Trp53loxP/loxP; Rb1loxP/loxP; Rbl1−/− GEMM model of glioblastoma where tumor can spontaneously arise in different regions of the cerebrum, tumors that arose near the SVZ were more likely to be of proneural subtype based on transcriptomal and immunohistochemical profiles (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Glioblastoma subtypes occupy different regions of the brain and vary in proximity to the SVZ. These findings harbor implications pertaining to the pathogenesis of glioblastoma subtypes.
Use of liposomal bupivacaine in the postoperative management of posterior spinal decompression

OBJECTIVE The aim in this paper was to evaluate the efficacy of long-acting liposomal bupivacaine in comparison with bupivacaine hydrochloride for lowering postoperative analgesic usage in the management of posterior cervical and lumbar decompression and fusion. METHODS A retrospective cohort-matched chart review of 531 consecutive cases over 17 months (October 2013 to February 2015) for posterior cervical and lumbar spinal surgery procedures performed by a single surgeon (J.J.) was performed. Inclusion criteria for the analysis were limited to those patients who received posterior approach decompression and fusion for cervical or lumbar spondylolisthesis and/or stenosis. Patients from October 1, 2013, through December 31, 2013, received periincisional injections of bupivacaine hydrochloride, whereas after January 1, 2014, liposomal bupivacaine was solely administered to all patients undergoing posterior approach cervical and lumbar spinal surgery through the duration of treatment. Patients were separated into 2 groups for further analysis: posterior cervical and posterior lumbar spinal surgery. RESULTS One hundred sixteen patients were identified: 52 in the cervical cohort and 64 in the lumbar cohort. For both cervical and lumbar cases, patients who received bupivacaine hydrochloride required approximately twice the adjusted morphine milligram equivalent (MME) per day in comparison with the liposomal bupivacaine groups (5.7 vs 2.7 MME, p = 0.27 [cervical] and 17.3 vs 7.1 MME, p = 0.30 [lumbar]). The amounts of intravenous rescue analgesic requirements were greater for bupivacaine hydrochloride in comparison with liposomal bupivacaine in both the cervical (1.0 vs 0.39 MME, p = 0.31) and lumbar (1.0 vs 0.37 MME, p = 0.08) cohorts as well. None of these differences was found to be statistically significant. There were also no significant differences in lengths of stay, complication rates, or infection rates. A subgroup analysis of both cohorts of opiate-naive versus opiate-dependent patients found that those patients who were naive had no difference in opiate requirements. In chronic opiate users, there was a trend toward higher opiate requirements for the bupivacaine hydrochloride group than for the liposomal bupivacaine group; however, this trend did not achieve statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS Liposomal bupivacaine did not appear to significantly decrease perioperative narcotic use or length of hospitalization, although there was a trend toward decreased narcotic use in comparison with bupivacaine hydrochloride. While the results of this study do not support the routine use of liposomal bupivacaine, there may be a benefit in the subgroup of patients who are chronic opiate users. Future prospective randomized controlled trials, ideally with dose-response parameters, must be performed to fully explore the efficacy of liposomal bupivacaine, as the prior literature suggests that clinically relevant effects require a minimum tissue concentration.
Olpidiopsis Schenkiana and Its Hyperparasite Ectrogella Besseyi N. Sp.

(1949). Olpidiopsis Schenkiana and Its Hyperparasite Ectrogella Besseyi N. Sp. Mycologia: Vol. 41, No. 1, pp. 28-35.
Human factors assessment of disturbances to scheduled performance-based navigation arrival operations

The introduction of Performance-Based Navigation (PBN) specifications to air traffic management has resulted in many benefits during nominal operations, including shorter flight paths, reduced fuel costs, and improved terminal area arrival rates. However, these benefits become less noticeable during off-nominal operations where aircraft are routinely interrupted from staying on PBN procedures due to disturbances such as missed approaches. This human-in-the-loop (HITL) study used multiple types of disturbance events to perturb the arrival schedule. Perturbed schedules were managed with different types of schedule adjustments, including a condition with no adjustments. The study collected data on a host of dependent variables, including human factors measures on controller workload and system performance measures such as schedule nonconformance (nc). Initial analyses showed strong correlations between aggregated controller workload and aggregated nc, as well as benefits of both automatic and manual schedule adjustments for increasing system performance, such as reduced PBN procedure interruptions. The goal of this paper is to further test these initial findings. The results indicated that an increase in schedule nonconformance correlated with an increase in controller workload at specific time intervals, and automated schedule adjustments consistently reduced controller workload associated with nonconformance.
The Use of Molecular Methods in Infectious Diseases

IN recent years a large number of articles have appeared in clinical journals describing contemporary molecular methods and their applications in clinical medicine. This review addresses four applications of molecular techniques in infectious diseases: they can be used to demonstrate relatedness between strains for epidemiologic investigations, to shed light on the pathogenesis or virulence of a strain, to facilitate the clinical diagnosis, and to identify the agents of syndromes whose causes are unknown. Molecular Epidemiology To find the cause of an infectious-disease outbreak, epidemiologists need to determine early on whether a single strain (or type) of microorganism is responsible for . . .
Kissing can be dangerous: The public health campaigns to prevent and control tuberculosis in Western Australia, 1900–1960

Kissing can be dangerous: The public health campaigns to prevent and control tuberculosis in Western Australia, 1900–1960, by Criena Fitzgerald, University of Western Australia Press (Crawley), 200...
A cross-sectional study on factors that effect on hypertension treatment ability of physicians among district and community based hospitals in Beijing

Objective:To test the ability of hypertension treatment among physicians in district and community based hospital. To analyze the effective factors of this ability. Make policy suggestions on continuing medical education to the health administrative department.Method:Questionnaire survey and examination of hypertension treatment were carried out in 42 district and community level hospitals in ChaoYang district and HaiDian district, 632 physicians in internal medicine department participated.Result:1. 41% of the physicians had bachelor or even higher degree, 35% of then had junior college degree,24% of then graduated from technical school.2. 14% of those physicians had advanced technical title, 31% of then were physicians in charge, 55% were residency. The constitutional ratio of education level and technical title among different level hospitals had statistic significant (P0.01). 3. The total score of the examination about hypertension treatment was 37 points,among the 632 participants the best performance was 28 points, and the worst was 0 point,the mean score was (13.94±5.16) points. 4. Physicians with higher education level, female, working in internal medicine or GP, using or ever read hypertension guide had better performance than others(P0.05). The performance had no statistic difference between groups of physicians with different knowledge obtaining approach.(P0.05).5. 32.3% and 31% of the physicians considered "lack of time for study" and "difficult to obtain directions from experts" as the leading obstacles that balked the improvement of their ability.Conclusion:1. The ability of hypertension treatment of physicians in district and community hospital in Beijing was insufficient. 2. Education level, working department, gender and the application state of hypertension guide were independent effective factors of the examination performance. 3. The reasons that balked the improvement of this ability were "lack of time for study", and "difficult to obtain directions from experts".
Survey on Need of Health Knowledge among Workers in Public Place in Yuexiu District of Guangzhou city

Objective To find out the need of health knowledge and likeness of ways,in order to give better advise to carry out health education for workers in public place of Yuexiu District of Guangzhou city.Method According to the random sampling methods,to get information from 501 workers in public place in Yuexiu District by questionaire.Results The average age of wokers in public place was 28.7.Although their knowledge was low,they paid attention to the health information,up to 97.4%.They had many ways to get health information,including books (57.29%),booklet (50.50%),TV and Radio (44.51%).Comparison to the male,female perfer to the booklet,book.The rate of need of Health knowledge in 15 aspects had no difference,among 60%～80%.Conclusions Workers in public place of our district had great need for health information.We should combine the daily work with health education according to their need.
Histopathologic Alterations in Ovarian Papillary Serous Cystadenocarcinomas After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy: Possible Clinical Significance

Abstract Objectives: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is being used increasingly prior to debulking for ovarian serous carcinoma. There can be significant histopathologic alterations, sometimes making the pathologic diagnosis challenging. Methods: A MEDLINE search was performed, and articles describing the histologic changes associated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy, as well as any possible clinical impact, were reviewed. Results: The scope of histopathologic changes seen after neoadjuvant chemotherapy for ovarian serous carcinoma, as well as their possible clinical significance, is presented. Histopathologic changes included degenerative changes, increased atypia, and alterations that can make pathologic interpretation difficult, particularly if there is a lack of familiarity with these changes and lack of an available clinical history. Conclusions: More research is needed to assess whether or not there is any prognostic significance to these alterations. (J GYNECOL SURG 33:1)
Connectivity patterns of interictal epileptiform discharges using coherence analysis

this paper introduces the patterns generated from the functional connectivity extracted from electroencephalogram (EEG) by implementing the coherence analysis. Three types of epileptiform discharges (interictal spike, spike and slow wave complex, and repetitive spikes and slow wave complex) are classified by the quantification of functional connections presented in the regions of interest within different frequency bands (Delta, Theta, Alpha, and Beta). These patterns are validated by performing analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results revealed that the number of connections from different epileptogenic biomarkers were statistically different. The functional connectivity maps were able to delineate the distinctive patterns that can be used to classify different types of epilepsy.
Baseline Measurements of Shoulder Surfing Analysis and Comparability for Smartphone Unlock Authentication

In this paper, we describe a novel approach to measure the susceptibility of smartphone unlock authentication to shoulder surfing attacks. In our methodology, participants play the role of attackers, viewing video-recorded footage of PIN and graphical password pattern authentication input with various camera angles, hand positions, phone sizes, and authentication length and strength. Based on the data collected and recording methodology developed, we aim to provide insight into the factors of mobile unlock authentication which best and least resist shoulder surfing attacks and examine scenarios where weaknesses may occur. The goal is to identify more effective guidance for mobile device users to avoid observational attacks. We also aim to advance the methodologies used to measure the shoulder surfing attack surfaces where baselines of comparisons to preexisting systems (e.g., PINs and patterns) are not standardized. Utilizing the methodology and recordings, other researchers may build upon this approach to analyze future systems and replicate our results.
Accuracy of a point-of-care luteinizing hormone test for help in distinguishing between sexually intact and ovariectomized or castrated domestic cats:

Objectives The aim of this study was to determine the accuracy of a commercial luteinizing hormone (LH) test as an aid in distinguishing between sexually intact and ovariectomized or castrated domestic cats. Methods Convenience serum samples collected from sexually intact female and male cats (n = 67) undergoing elective sterilization surgery and archived sera from ovariectomized and castrated cats (n = 54) were tested for LH using a commercial diagnostic assay. Test results were compared with the known reproductive status of the cats. Additionally, sera from sexually intact (n = 54) and ovariectomized (n = 94) queens were collected at specific times of the year to evaluate possible seasonal effects on test results. Results Overall test sensitivity was 89.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] 82.3-94.2%), specificity was 92.6% (95% CI 87.1-96.2%) and accuracy was 91.1%. Analysis of results of female cats (n = 216) - sexually intact (n = 87) and ovariectomized (n = 129) - yielded a test sensitivity of 90.8% (95% CI 82.7-96.0%), a specificity of 92.3% (95% CI 86.2-96.2%) and accuracy of 91.7%. Analysis of the results of male cats (n = 53) - sexually intact (n = 19) and neutered (n = 34) - yielded test a sensitivity of 85.3% (95% CI 68.9-95.1%), a specificity of 94.7% (95% CI 74.0-99.9%) and accuracy of 88.7%. The sera of 10 intact queens unexpectedly yielded positive LH results; two of these cats were in estrus, based on visual inspection at the time of ovariohysterectomy. Test accuracy was 94.6% for those 148 samples collected at specific times of the year, with two samples each over three, 3 month periods yielding false-positive results. Conclusions and relevance The commercial point-of-care LH test is a useful adjunct to historical and physical examination findings for determination of reproductive status in domestic cats. Repeat testing 24 h later should be considered for those female cats with signs of estrus and initial positive test results.
Immediate Early Genes Anchor a Biological Pathway of Proteins Required for Memory Formation, Long-Term Depression and Risk for Schizophrenia.

National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression (NARSAD)/Sidney R. Baer Jr. Foundation; National Institutes of Health (NIH) [R01 MH097803, R21MH113154]
Pre-emergence Applied Herbicides for Container-Grown Liriope after Division

Abstract Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of preemergence-applied herbicides on growth of liriope [Liriope muscari (Decne.) L.H. Bailey ‘Big Blue’ and ‘Variegata’] when applied immediately after division. Overall, most herbicides caused no injury or suppression of root or shoot development. Surflan (oryzalin) and a Surflan + Gallery (isoxaben) combination inhibited root and shoot growth. Predict (norflurazon) caused foliar injury characterized by bleached bands or spots on both old and new foliage.
Declining trends in drug dealing among adolescents in the United States.

Abstract Introduction The link between drug selling and other delinquent behaviors in adolescence is well established. Less is known regarding the trends in drug selling among youth in the US and whether they are consistent with the recently observed decline in problem behaviors among this population. Methods Data were collected between 2002 and 2015 as part of the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH). Participants included 233,435 US youth aged 12–17. The primary variable of interest was self-reported past year drug-selling. Logistic regression assessed trends in drug-selling among male and female subgroups. Results Between 2002 and 2015, the prevalence of drug-selling decreased significantly across all youth (AOR = 0.970, p .05). The decrease in drug-selling was observed for nearly all male subgroups, African-American girls (0.946, p Conclusions The prevalence of past year drug-selling among youth in the US is declining significantly, especially for boys.
Threshold concepts and information experience in IL professional education: Curriculum for transformative online learning

Research Context Information literacy professionals are engaged in teaching, mentoring, and collaboration, roles that call for deep understanding of information structures, learning design, and tactics for navigating the information environment. The relatively new construct of ‘information experience’ (Bruce et al., 2014) provides insights into these integrative roles. Indeed, a key element in distinguishing one’s identity as an information professional is that, entwined with our own information experience, we play an facilitative role in the information experience of others (Tucker, 2014). We help others move forward in how they experience information in their communities, workplaces, and professions, and we influence what they find, what they determine to be of value, and even how they contribute to online content and metadata. The information experience construct and the theoretical lens of threshold concepts are considered together as the research foundations in this paper. Threshold concepts in the LIS domain have been explored for professional expertise in the search environment (Tucker et al., 2014) and for information literacy (ACRL, 2016; Townsend et al., 2016), and this sets the stage for rich discussion of the information educator’s roles, as well as to the experiential realm of threshold concepts specific to ontological shift for the educator-as-learner. Session Objectives Education of new IL professionals for the roles described above is taking place in a diverse learning landscape. This paper frames its discussion in the threshold concepts and information experience research literature, then focuses on online education for information professionals in two areas: (1) instructional activities and sequencing of assignments that support learning of threshold concepts; (2) reflective work on how threshold learning experiences affect not only the student but also the IL educator (Cousin, 2010). An advanced course on database search methods, redesigned based on threshold concept research (Tucker, 2016), is used as a case illustration; its online activities and assignments are presented, along with the research-based threshold concepts they actively support; and student responses are reported. A primary objective in the course redesign was creating opportunities for students to discover critical understandings on their own, the result being more wrestling with new content but also more ‘stickiness’ (irreversibility) of concepts learned. Facilitated questions: What activities described in the case illustration might you adapt for use in your own teaching? What other activities in the online learning environment are you using that are especially effective for threshold learning experiences? How have you been affected by your own instruction that is guided by threshold concepts?
The Classroom of the Future

(2015). The Classroom of the Future. Journal of Public Affairs Education: Vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 5-8.
New Paradigms for Computing, New Paradigms for Thinking

New computational paradigms (such as object-oriented programming, constraints, logic, and parallelism) can significantly influence not only what people do with computers, but also how they think about and make sense of the world. This paper examines how one particular computational paradigm—parallelism— can support people in new types of mathematical explorations and also help them gain new insights into the workings of real-world, decentralized systems like bird flocks and traffic jams. The paper describes a new parallel programming environment called StarLogo, and it provides examples of how StarLogo activities can suggest and encourage new ways of thinking.
Overview of Methods to Assess Voluntary Exertions

A variety of methodologies have been utilized in attempts to measure muscle strength. These methods can be grouped according to two types of strengths which are tested. These are static and dynamic strengths. Dynamic strength is defined by Neilson and Jensen (1972) as “... the ability to apply force through the range of motion.” The resistance which isotonic muscle contractions can overcome can be used as an index of muscle strength. Static strength has been defined as the maximal force muscle can exert isometrically in a single voluntary effort. All strength can be classified under these two classifications.
Surprise! You’re Just Like Me!

Although some scientists’ public announcements of research tend to the hyperbolic, the recent success in cloning technology and its implications for the future have proven to be immensely significant for science, morality, and politics. Indeed, worldwide public reactions to the prospect of human cloning have been as fascinating as the science. This is evident from certain immediate responses to the President’s National Bioethics Advisory Commission, in particular, by the self-described American Bioethics Advisory Commission, and from certain media reports. Both the science and the public responses are analyzed in relation to the long history of medical reflections and research relating to human life, which, it is suggested, needs careful study, and leads to reflections on nineteenth century science, to the earlier work of Francis Bacon, and in turn, to earlier historical ideas from ancient Greek physicians. The connections to in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer are especially relevant for the significant ethical issues, the public reactions to new technology, and the ambivalence in both public and professional literatures.
No Training Required: The Availability of Emotional Support Animals as a Component of Equal Access for the Psychiatrically Disabled under the Fair Housing Act

This article briefly describes the purpose and passage of the Fair Housing Act and the Fair Housing Act Amendments of 1988. This article then explain the framework of federal disability rights laws and the standard upon which requests for reasonable accommodations are evaluated. This article then tracks the divergence between the ADA and FHA in evaluating these claims, the misapplication of ADA standards to claims under the FHAA, and the proposed and final regulations promulgated in 2008. This article will conclude that there is a growing consensus that emotional support animals are available as reasonable accommodations under the Fair Housing Act.
Differences in global toxicity burden among patients and care providers during initial chemotherapy for breast cancer.

e21649Background: To better assess the safety of new drugs in cancer clinical trials, a measure of the overall toxicity burden is essential. We propose a novel tool for eliciting an overall toxicit...
An evolutionary view of quantum foundations

Abstract This is an expository paper surveying briefly the evolution of the foundations of quantum theory from its inception to the present day. In particular, it looks at the impact of group theoretic ideas on the foundations.
Overview of Solid Organ Transplantation and the United States National Organ Transplant Act (NOTA)

Psychosocial consultants have been an important, necessary, and integral part of solid organ transplantation due to the wide spectrum of challenging psychiatric and social issues encountered by this complex therapy, not only among organ transplant recipients and potential organ donors but also the healthcare providers and society at large.
Unique features of the nano-scale

Ten features that uniquely arise at the nano size range are discussed. These include those based on the obvious—the physically small size and concomitant large surface to volume ratio features. Importantly, they also include more subtle features that emerge at this scale including self-assembly possibilities, quantum confinement and tunneling, wave-particle duality, and plasmonic behavior. In addition, the list of ten encompasses very curious features that can manifest themselves at the nano-scale. These include enhanced friction and striction due to the Casimir “force” coming from quantum fluctuations as well as zero mass Dirac electrons which can arise from relativistic effects. The presence of Dirac electrons can result in very unusual material properties including ballistic charge transport, unusual Hall effects, enormously high carrier mobilities, and topologically dependent phases. The latter includes topological insulators, nano-materials characterized by having carriers with spin-momentum locking. A second type of nano-scale fluctuation behavior is also on the list of ten unique features of the nano size range: thermal fluctuations. These result in the statistical fluctuations around an average distribution becoming more observable thereby blurring the second law of thermodynamics at the nano-scale.
Engineering mucus to study and influence the microbiome

Mucus is a 3D hydrogel that houses the majority of the human microbiome. The mucous environment plays an important role in the differentiation and behaviour of microbial phenotypes and enables the creation of spatial distributions. Dysregulation of mucus is further associated with various diseases. Therefore, mucus is the key ingredient to study the behaviour of commensal and pathogenic microbiota in vitro. Indeed, microorganisms cultured in mucus exhibit phenotypes substantially different from those exhibited in standard laboratory media. In this Review, we discuss the impact of mucus on the microbiome and examine the structure and glycosylation of mucins — the main building blocks of mucus. We investigate the impact of glycans on mucin function and highlight different approaches for the engineering of synthetic mucins, including synthesis of the backbone, the design of mucin-mimetic hydrogels and the engineering of glycans. Finally, mucin mimetics for 3D in vitro cell culture and for modulating microbial community structure and function are discussed. Mucus is a 3D hydrogel composed of mucins that houses the human microbiome. Mucus guides microbial cell fate and is involved in the suppression of pathogenic bacteria. In this Review, the authors discuss the design of synthetic mucins for the investigation of mucus–microbiome interactions and for applications in 3D in vitro cell culture.
'[A]dore my topless villainy': Metatheatrical Rivalry in John Marston's Antonio's Revenge

Marston’s Antonio’s Revenge is a self-reflexive tragedy with characters who speak and act like characters familiar with the conventions of Elizabethan revenge plays. This article argues that Marston’s use of metatheatricality allegorizes the competitive nature of commercial theatres. As Marston’s characters seek to emulate and surpass their theatrical models, revenge becomes a medium for aesthetic achievement, a show­case for acting and rhetorical skill. The play expands the theatrum mundi trope, imagining the world not as a single stage but as a marketplace of rival stages wherein playwrights vie for applause and seek recognition for their theatrical brilliance.