cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sexual Harassment in Academic Medicine: Persistence, Non-Reporting, and Institutional Response

Sexual harassment occurs with regularity during medical training, and it remains largely unreported. This study is one institution’s attempt to understand how third and fourth-year medical students perceive and experience sexual harassment, what they believe about reporting sexual harassment, and how they believe it might be eradicated from the educational environment. We used a qualitative research method for our investigation, which would generate more specific language to use in a larger empirical study involving larger numbers of our students. We conducted five focus groups with 24 students, which yielded five categories of response obtained through a close, line-byline reading of transcribed audiotapes. In addition, we offer four recommendations to medical education researchers, deans of medical schools, and medical school accrediting bodies that may reduce the incidence of sexual harassment of medical students. While we do not make the case that the observations, explanations, and recommendations of these 24 students reflect the opinions of all medical students here or elsewhere, we do propose that they are a snapshot of one medical school’s gender climate and offer a valuable foundation for further inquiry.
Stability of a frame-based maximal weight matching algorithm with transfer speedup

It has been shown that maximal size matching algorithms for input-queued switches are stable under any admissible traffic conditions with a scheduling speedup of 2. However, as link speeds increase, the computational complexity of these algorithms limits their applicability in high port-density switches and routers. In this letter we describe a Frame-Based Maximal Weight Matching (FMWM) algorithm in which a new scheduling decision is issued once every several cell times. Between scheduling decisions, the configuration of the crossbar switch remains unchanged. We prove that the FMWM algorithm is stable with an internal buffer transfer speedup of 2, thereby significantly relaxing the timing constraints on the scheduling process. Simulation results illustrate the impact of the algorithm on the average cell delay for different traffic scenarios.
Nonclassic cystic fibrosis and CFTR-related diseases.

Purpose of reviewTo review the spectrum of disease caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis (CF) gene.Recent findingsThe growing recognition of “atypical” cases of cystic fibrosis presenting in adolescence or adulthood and manifested by disease in only one or two organ systems, along with CF diagn
Neoidealism and the Democratic Peace

While analysts hail the democratic peace as an empirical vindication of neoidealist precepts of world politics, actually it is inconsistent with them. Neoidealism focuses on the role of international regimes - not shared political regime type - in reducing the probability of interstate conflict. In this article, I suggest a more consistent neoidealist conceptualization of the stability among democratic dyads. Focusing on the postwar era, I maintain that a combination of factors, including bipolarity, nuclear deterrence, alliance membership, and trade links, contributed to the formation of an international security regime among the major power democracies and their minor power democratic allies. Further, I maintain that the presence of this international regime and not simply joint democracy allowed for the postwar stability among democratic dyads. While democracy may have been associated with the creation of a security regime at the behest of the Western democracies led by the USA, the expansion and maintenance of this regime (and its conflict dampening attributes) are rooted, to a greater extent, in the interplay of alliance-aggregation and security externalities of trade. This argument is consistent with neoidealist precepts and by focusing on the role of security regimes it contributes to the neoidealist research program.
Freakifying history: remixing royalty

Afrocentric revisions of world history have given way to Afrofuturist imaginings of the future. In the 2013 video for the song ‘Q.U.E.E.N.’, black American artists Janelle Monae and Erykah Badu offer an Afrofuturist redefinition of queenliness. While visually and lyrically presenting themselves as queens, they repeatedly ask ‘am I a freak for getting down?’ The idea of being a ‘freak’ and its associations with sexuality, abnormality, and deviance has a long history within the African diaspora that centers on the intersection of different forms of spectacle and performances of (un)respectability. By situating the video within the context of Monae's Electric Lady album and a larger lineage of musical and visual performance, this article explores the relationship between remixes of royalty, respectability, and spectacle in black artists’ use of African diasporic and Afrofuturistic imaginaries, while arguing for the sociopolitical power of the conscious performance as a ‘freak’.
Developing Varieties of Capitalism: Industrial Variation in India and Pakistan

The Great Recession, and the global economic crisis that precipitated it, has renewed attention to the institutional foundations of capitalism: how, in different contexts, the multiple actors in the economy – from banks and unions to employer associations and regulatory agencies – cooperate and contend to produce rules and norms governing markets and economic behavior. That different countries were affected differently by the crisis and have responded differently adds weight to the powerful contention that capitalism is not all of a piece but rather a set of institutions that vary in their constitution from country to country, region to region and industry to industry. Such a contention has been made concrete by decades of research into comparative capitalism. This research agenda counters the idea that forces such as increased competition, globalization, and common welfare retrenchment have led to convergence through the comparative study of both the historical roots and contemporary characteristics of capitalism in different contexts.1 This research agenda was formalized by the influential Varieties of Capitalism (VOC) project, wherein a focus on the choice-theoretic strategies of firm actors given national institutional characteristics led to a dual typology of Liberal Market Economies and Coordinated Market Economies.
Wave propagation and strain localization in a fully saturated softening porous medium under the non‐isothermal conditions

The thermo-hydro-mechanical (THM) coupling effects on the dynamic wave propagation and strain localization in a fully saturated softening porous medium are analyzed. The characteristic polynomial corresponding to the governing equations of the THM system is derived, and the stability analysis is conducted to determine the necessary conditions for stability in both non-isothermal and adiabatic cases. The result from the dispersion analysis based on the Abel–Ruffini theorem reveals that the roots of the characteristic polynomial for the THM problem cannot be expressed algebraically. Meanwhile, the dispersion analysis on the adiabatic case leads to a new analytical expression of the internal length scale. Our limit analysis on the phase velocity for the non-isothermal case indicates that the internal length scale for the non-isothermal THM system may vanish at the short wavelength limit. This result leads to the conclusion that the rate-dependence introduced by multiphysical coupling may not regularize the THM governing equations when softening occurs. Numerical experiments are used to verify the results from the stability and dispersion analyses. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Robust Energy Minimization Algorithm for MS-Lesion Segmentation

The detection of multiple sclerosis lesion is important for many neuroimaging studies. In this paper, a new automatic robust algorithm for lesion segmentation based on MR images is proposed. This method takes full advantage of the decomposition of MR images into the true image that characterizes a physical property of the tissues and the bias field that accounts for the intensity inhomogeneity. An energy function is defined in term of the property of true image and bias field. The energy minimization is proposed for seeking the optimal segmentation result of lesions and white matter. Then postprocessing operations is used to select the most plausible lesions in the obtained hyperintense signals. The experimental results show that our approach is effective and robust for the lesion segmentation.
Update in the management of gastric varices.

Purpose of review This article discusses the most recent studies regarding the management of gastric varices. Recent findings New case series and meta-analyses have increased our understanding of the endoscopic and endovascular treatment options for patients with gastric varices, including the use of cyanoacrylates, the potential increased utility of endoscopic ultrasound over conventional endoscopy and the emerging role of balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration. Summary The management of gastric varices remains poorly defined. However, our increasing experience with endoscopic and endovascular treatment methods provides clinicians with therapeutic options to better manage this patient population.
Abstract 4187: Regulation of NRSF/REST by miR-217; Implications during pancreatic acinar ductal trans-differentiation.

Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is believed to arise from exocrine acinar cells following trans-differentiation to cells with a more epithelial phenotype. A pancreas enriched cluster of miRNAs (miR-216a/b-217) is located on chromosomes 2 and 11 in humans and mice, respectively. These miRNAs are significantly reduced in patient's tumor specimens and during tumor progression in a transgenic mouse model of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. To investigate a role for miR-216/-217 during acinar ductal trans-differentiation, we used a model by which primary mouse pancreatic acini trans-differentiate into epithelial-like cells when cultured on matrigel. Over a 4 day culture period, the acini develop an epithelial morphology and display reduced mRNA expression of the acinar marker amylase, increased expression of the epithelial marker cytokeratin-19 (KRT19) and reduced expression miR-216/-217. Forced expression of miR-217 using a lentiviral vector (LV) decreased KRT19 mRNA expression compared to the empty vector control treated cells on day 4 of the trans-differentiation. To implicate miR-217 targets in regulating acinar trans-differentiation, we considered REST/NRSF, a transcriptional repressor of neuronal genes in non-neuronal tissues. REST mRNA expression increased during the 4 day trans-differentiation implying regulation of REST by miR-217. Regulation of REST by miR-217 was validated using a luciferase assay and western blotting. Furthermore, two REST target genes were upregulated by the miR-217 LV on day 4 of the trans-differentiation. Studies are ongoing to determine if this increase in expression results from miR-217 suppressing REST protein levels. Additionally, miR-217 LV infection of 3 pancreas cancer cell lines reduced REST protein and caused significant cell death. Our current focus is to establish a link between miR-217 suppression of REST and cell death. We report a connection between reduced miR-217 in several pancreas model systems. We hypothesize a novel role for REST in pancreas homeostasis and cancer. Citation Format: Ana Clara P. Azevedo-Pouly, Jinmai Jiang, Dhruvitkumar Sutaria, Thomas Schmittgen. Regulation of NRSF/REST by miR-217; Implications during pancreatic acinar ductal trans-differentiation. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4187. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4187
Design and Realization of Computer Integrated Monitoring System of Wind Farm

Combination of the present application(research) situation in wind power monitoring field,this paper deduces the import to develop general integrated monitoring system of wind farm,the features and main functions of the integrated monitoring system of NS2000W wind farm are proposed,finally by analysis of the specific example of wind power monitoring,this paper proposes the overall solution of the wind power monitoring system.
Homology analysis on Staphylococcus isolated from infectious wound-related environmental specimens

Objective To monitor Staphylococcusinfection in a hospital,and trace the source of Staphylococcusisolated from infectious wound-related hospital environment by molecular analysis.Methods By combination of fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction(FQ-PCR)and culture method,environmental specimens related to 5 patients with wound infection were taken and performed multilocus sequence and MecAgene typing analysis.Results A total of 71 environmental specimens were taken,Staphylococcus accounted for 36.62%(n=26),88.46%(23/26)of which were MecA+methicillin-resistant strains.77.78%(7/9)of Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus)and 95.00%(19/20)of coagulase negative Staphylococcus(CNS)were methicillin-resistant strains.Multilocus sequence analysis revealed that ST239(n=6)was the most common sequence type in S.aureus;Staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec(SCCmec)analysis showed that the major type of S.aureus was typeⅢ,and CNS were typeⅢandⅣ.Conclusion Staphylococcusis common in healthcareassociated infection,and most Staphylococcus are multidrug-resistant,continuous monitor on drug-resistant Staphylococcus is necessary,and risk of Staphylococcus variant to medical institutes need to be paid attention.
Etiologic agents in the development of skin cancer.

Ultraviolet radiation, chemicals, and ionizing radiation are believed to play a role in the development of skin cancer. Several host factors are also implicated, including race, genetic disease, and immuno-suppressed status. Squamous cell carcinoma can develop in burn scars, areas of chronic osteomyelitis, and fistulas of a chronic nature.
Maximizing oyster-reef growth supports green infrastructure with accelerating sea-level rise

Within intertidal communities, aerial exposure (emergence during the tidal cycle) generates strong vertical zonation patterns with distinct growth boundaries regulated by physiological and external stressors. Forecasted accelerations in sea-level rise (SLR) will shift the position of these critical boundaries in ways we cannot yet fully predict, but landward migration will be impaired by coastal development, amplifying the importance of foundation species' ability to maintain their position relative to rising sea levels via vertical growth. Here we show the effects of emergence on vertical oyster-reef growth by determining the conditions at which intertidal reefs thrive and the sharp boundaries where reefs fail, which shift with changes in sea level. We found that oyster reef growth is unimodal relative to emergence, with greatest growth rates occurring between 20-40% exposure, and zero-growth boundaries at 10% and 55% exposures. Notably, along the lower growth boundary (10%), increased rates of SLR would outpace reef accretion, thereby reducing the depth range of substrate suitable for reef maintenance and formation, and exacerbating habitat loss along developed shorelines. Our results identify where, within intertidal areas, constructed or natural oyster reefs will persist and function best as green infrastructure to enhance coastal resiliency under conditions of accelerating SLR.
Antibiotic Prophylaxis following Implant-Based Breast Reconstruction: What Is the Evidence?

Background:Although data from other surgical disciplines do not support the use of prolonged postoperative prophylactic antibiotics, implant-based breast reconstruction is one area of plastic surgery where this may be warranted. The purpose of this study was to review the literature on antibiotic pr
The Verb in There -Sentences

In this chapter I argue that the be found in there-sentences is the copula, and not, for instance, the be of existence or identity. On this view, be, as the copula, contributes no additional meaning to the sentence besides bearing tense and setting a default domain when no coda or contextually salient location is available in the context.
Asynchronous Distributed Incremental Computation on Evolving Graphs

Graph algorithms have become an essential component in many real-world applications. An essential property of graphs is that they are often dynamic. Many applications must update the computation result periodically on the new graph so as to keep it up-to-date. Incremental computation is a promising technique for this purpose. Traditionally, incremental computation is typically performed synchronously, since it is easy to implement. In this paper, we illustrate that incremental computation can be performed asynchronously as well. Asynchronous incremental computation can bypass synchronization barriers and always utilize the most recent values, and thus it is more efficient than its synchronous counterpart. Furthermore, we develop a distributed framework, GraphIn, to facilitate implementations of incremental computation on massive evolving graphs. We evaluate our asynchronous incremental computation approach via extensive experiments on a local cluster as well as the Amazon EC2 cloud. The evaluation results show that it can accelerate the convergence speed by as much as 14x when compared to recomputation from scratch.
Deep neural network architectures for forecasting analgesic response

Response to prescribed analgesic drugs varies between individuals, and choosing the right drug/dose often involves a lengthy, iterative process of trial and error. Furthermore, a significant portion of patients experience adverse events such as post-operative urinary retention (POUR) during inpatient management of acute postoperative pain. To better forecast analgesic responses, we compared conventional machine learning methods with modern neural network architectures to gauge their effectiveness at forecasting temporal patterns of postoperative pain and analgesic use, as well as predicting the risk of POUR. Our results indicate that simpler machine learning approaches might offer superior results; however, all of these techniques may play a promising role for developing smarter post-operative pain management strategies.
ATNT-21PRECLINICAL AND INITIAL PHASE 1 EXPERIENCE FOR USE OF MEBENDAZOLE AS UP FRONT THERAPY FOR HIGH GRADE GLIOMA.

INTRODUCTION: Identifying drugs that can reach brain cancers in effective concentrations has been a serious challenge. There has been a body of evidence implicating anti-cancer mechanisms and utility for antihelminthics benzimidazoles, and preclinical and clinical development of repurposed mebendazole is gaining momentum. Mebendazole has been used safely as an anti-parasitic drug, and in high doses, in humans starting in 1972. METHODS: Multiple intracranial models of glioblastoma and medulloblastoma have been used for efficacy studies on intracranial tumors. Studies with orally administered mebendazole demonstrate favorable pharmacokinetics with 70 to 80% of mebendazole serum levels measured in the in the mouse brain and brain tumors. RESULTS: Our laboratory serendipitously identified benzimidazole anti-cancer activity in brain cancers and found that of the approved benzimidazoles, mebendazole showed the best survival benefit. We observe in preclinical testing it reaches effective concentrations in intracranial tumors, acts to prevent tubulin polymerization, has an additional anti-VEGR2 and anti-angiogenesis mechanisms and significantly improves survival in a variety of intracranial malignancy models. We have translated our preclinical findings into a Phase I trial, using mebendazole for upfront therapy, concurrent with temozolomide therapy for newly diagnosed patients with a high grade glioma. We have further improved mebendazole with drug combinations. CONCLUSION: The preclinical and phase 1 clinical findings are consistent with safe and possibly effective use of an improved formulation of oral mebendazole. We provide evidence that continued optimization of mebendazole based oral therapy and planning of future clinical trials may yield an additional tool for therapy of GBM and other intracranial tumors.
Interrogating Emergent Transport Properties for Molecular Motor Ensembles: A Semi-analytical Approach

Intracellular transport is an essential function in eucaryotic cells, facilitated by motor proteins—proteins converting chemical energy into kinetic energy. It is understood that motor proteins work in teams enabling unidirectional and bidirectional transport of intracellular cargo over long distances. Disruptions of the underlying transport mechanisms, often caused by mutations that alter single motor characteristics, are known to cause neurodegenerative diseases. For example, phosphorylation of kinesin motor domain at the serine residue is implicated in Huntington’s disease, with a recent study of phosphorylated and phosphomimetic serine residues indicating lowered single motor stalling forces. In this article we report the effects of mutations of this nature on transport properties of cargo carried by multiple wild-type and mutant motors. Results indicate that mutants with altered stall forces might determine the average velocity and run-length even when they are outnumbered by wild type motors in the ensemble. It is shown that mutants gain a competitive advantage and lead to an increase in the expected run-length when the load on the cargo is in the vicinity of the mutant’s stalling force or a multiple of its stalling force. A separate contribution of this article is the development of a semi-analytic method to analyze transport of cargo by multiple motors of multiple types. The technique determines transition rates between various relative configurations of motors carrying the cargo using the transition rates between various absolute configurations. This enables a computation of biologically relevant quantities like average velocity and run-length without resorting to Monte Carlo simulations. It can also be used to introduce alterations of various single motor parameters to model a mutation and to deduce effects of such alterations on the transport of a common cargo by multiple motors. Our method is easily implementable and we provide a software package for general use.
Susceptibility to traumatic stress sensitizes the dopaminergic response to cocaine and increases motivation for cocaine

Patients with post-traumatic stress disorder have a heightened vulnerability to developing substance use disorders; however, the biological underpinnings of this vulnerability remain unresolved. We used the predator odor stress model of post-traumatic stress disorder with segregation of subjects as susceptible or resilient based on elevated plus maze behavior and context avoidance. We then determined behavioral and neurochemical differences across susceptible, resilient, and control populations using a panel of behavioral and neurochemical assays. Susceptible subjects showed a significant increase in the motoric and dopaminergic effects of cocaine, and this corresponded with heightened motivation to self-administer cocaine. Resilient subjects did not show differences in the motoric effects of cocaine, in dopamine signaling in vivo, or in any measure of cocaine self-administration. Nonetheless, we found that these animals displayed elevations in both the dopamine release-promoting effects of cocaine and dopamine autoreceptor sensitivity ex vivo. Our results suggest that the experience of traumatic stress may produce alterations in dopamine systems that drive elevations in cocaine self-administration behavior in susceptible subjects, but may also produce both active and passive forms of resilience that function to prevent gross changes in cocaine's reinforcing efficacy in resilient subjects.
TGF- β induces Smad2 Phosphorylation, ARE Induction, and Trophoblast Differentiation

Background Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling has been shown to control a large number of critical cellular actions such as cell death, differentiation, and development and has been implicated as a major regulator of placental function. SM10 cells are a mouse placental progenitor cell line, which has been previously shown to differentiate into nutrient transporting, labyrinthine-like cells upon treatment with TGF-β. However, the signal transduction pathway activated by TGF-β to induce SM10 progenitor differentiation has yet to be fully investigated. Materials and methods In this study the SM10 labyrinthine progenitor cell line was used to investigate TGF-β induced differentiation. Activation of the TGF-β pathway and the ability of TGF-β to induce differentiation were investigated by light microscopy, luciferase assays, and Western blot analysis. Results and conclusions In this report, we show that three isoforms of TGF-β have the ability to terminally differentiate SM10 cells, whereas other predominant members of the TGF-β superfamily, Nodal and Activin A, do not. Additionally, we have determined that TGF-β induced Smad2 phosphorylation can be mediated via the ALK-5 receptor with subsequent transactivation of the Activin response element. Our studies identify an important regulatory signaling pathway in SM10 progenitor cells that is involved in labyrinthine trophoblast differentiation.
An examination of three Black African male mathematics teachers’ teacher preparation and teaching experiences in Africa and the USA

Purpose There is very little research of Black male mathematics teachers from African countries teaching in the USA, specifically, their preparation and teaching experiences. The purpose of this study is to shed light on three Black male mathematics teachers from two African countries teacher preparation and teaching experiences in three African countries and the USA.teachers. Design/methodology/approach This study used a qualitative narrative research design to examine the teacher preparation and teaching experiences of Black African male mathematics teachers. Findings The results of this study reveal that the Black African male mathematics teachers participated in traditional and alternative teacher preparation programs that were unique to the African countries. The results also revealed that these teachers saw their teacher preparation program in the USA as preparing them to teach in this context. The results also revealed that all three of the teachers’ experienced success teaching struggling learners and English language learners mathematics in African countries and the USA. Research limitations/implications This study is limited to a small participant pool of three Black African mathematics teachers that cannot be generalized to other Black male teachers. There needs to be more research of Black male mathematics teachers, in general, and those from other countries, specifically. There also needs to be more research of Black male teachers’ teaching practices that are successful with Black students as well as English language learners. Practical implications Based on the study findings, policy-makers and stakeholders interested in recruiting and retaining Black male teachers and specifically, in mathematics needs to expand conceptualization and definitions to include those from other countries. Originality/value This results of this study add a valuable contribution to the research of Black male teachers, in general, and mathematics, in particular. It expands conceptualizations of who constitutes a Black male teachers in the USA.
Gender Issues in Psychological Testing of Personality and Abilities

The breadth of material that falls under the category of psychological testing is vast. For that reason, this chapter is an overview of the psychological testing field in which we address various sources of gender bias in psychological testing. We discuss some of the ways in which context influences both test performance and the broader task of psychological assessment.
Geographic Constraint Mobility

The geographical constraint mobility models where the movement patterns of mobile nodes are influenced by geographical constraints in real-life scenarios like freeways , local streets , buildings , or many other obstacles are described here. Three classes of GCM mobility models are presented: obstacle mobility , community-based obstacle mobility , and Voronoi -based mobility . The description, analysis, and simulation results for each mobility class are explained along with their pros and cons for using over the MANET .
Suppressive Effect of Cyclosporine on the Induction of Secondary Herpes Simplex Uveitis

When live herpes simplex virus (HSV) was injected intravitreally into the normal rabbit eye, primary uveitis developed, resolving within one month. If such a healed eye was challenged with HSV antigen, secondary uveitis developed within six hours after the challenge. We have shown previously that this secondary uveitis is mediated by an immune reaction that involves HSV antigen, sensitized T lymphocytes, and anti-HSV antibody (1,2). This paper presents our experimental data which indicate that pretreatment of the animal with a T cell suppressor, Cyclosporine (CyA), successfully prevented the induction of secondary uveitis.
Band-gap energy of In x Ga 1 − x N y As 1 − y as a function of N content

The band-gap energy of InGaNAs decreases with N content at a smaller rate than that of GaNAs. Precise absorption measurements in strained InGaNAs/GaAs quantum wells on GaAs(001) are reported, and the result is explained in the frame of the repulsion between the nitrogen level and the \ensuremath{\Gamma} conduction band. As the energy separation between both levels is larger when the In content increases, the effect of introducing nitrogen is significantly reduced. In order to get a quantitative description of experimental results, the model includes a detailed description of the local N environment. Results suggest that in our InGaNAs/GaAs quantum wells grown by molecular beam epitaxy, the N configuration should be close to the statistical one. Using this model to explain the effect of annealing on band structure, we conclude that, on average, N atoms gain one additional nearest-neighbor In atom during the annealing, leading to a moderately large band-gap blueshift of 20--30 meV.
Preloss Spirituality Predicts Postloss Distress of Bereaved Cancer Caregivers

Background Although spirituality has been identified as a psychological resource relevant to coping with caregiving stress, little is known about the differential roles of spirituality's facets in bereaved caregivers' adjustment. Purpose This study examined this question with regard to bereavement-specific and general distress in cancer caregivers. Methods Cancer caregivers provided data at 2 years after their relative's diagnosis when all the patients were alive (Time 1, preloss) and 3 years later, after the patient had died (Time 2, postloss: N = 128). Demographics and three facets of spirituality (meaning, peace, and faith) were measured at Time 1. Psychological distress and time since the death were measured at Time 2. Results Younger age, less education, and being a spousal caregiver of the patient related to greater bereavement-specific and general distress (ts ≥ 2.02, ps < .05, partial η2 ≥ .15). Above and beyond these demographic factors, two preloss spirituality facets related to postloss distress. Specifically, a greater sense of inner peace at preloss was prospectively associated with less bereavement-specific distress (both intrusive thoughts and hyperarousal, ts ≥ 2.24, ps < .05, partial η2 ≥ .41). Greater reliance on faith at preloss was also prospectively associated with lower intrusive thoughts (t = 2.24, p < .05, partial η2 = .34). Conclusion Findings highlight the importance of preloss sense of peace as a predictor of psychological distress during bereavement. Programs and interventions might be designed to help caregivers find inner peace while caregiving, in an effort to augment their resiliency against psychological distress when facing the loss of the patient.
Measurement in Rehabilitation Research: Consistency Versus Consensus

The process of establishing reliable and valid measures is complex. It requires that rehabilitation researchers develop a conceptual understanding of measurement and a mastery of measurement methodology. An examination of the recent rehabilitation literature suggests that the concepts of reliability (consistency) and agreement (consensus) have generated considerable conceptual and methodologic confusion.
Think of the consequences: A decade of discourse about same-sex marriage

Approaching issues through the lens of nonnegotiable values increases the perceived intractability of debate (Baron & Spranca in Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 70, 1–16, 1997), while focusing on the concrete consequences of policies instead results in the moderation of extreme opinions (Fernbach, Rogers, Fox, & Sloman in Psychological Science, 24, 939–946, 2013) and a greater likelihood of conflict resolution (Baron & Leshner in Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 6, 183–194, 2000). Using comments on the popular social media platform Reddit from January 2006 until September 2017, we showed how changes in the framing of same-sex marriage in public discourse relate to changes in public opinion. We used a topic model to show that the contributions of certain protected-values-based topics to the debate (religious arguments and freedom of opinion) increased prior to the emergence of a public consensus in support of same-sex marriage (Gallup, 2017), and declined afterward. In contrast, the discussion of certain consequentialist topics (the impact of politicians’ stance and same-sex marriage as a matter of policy) showed the opposite pattern. Our results reinforce the meaningfulness of protected values and consequentialism as relevant dimensions for describing public discourse and highlight the usefulness of unsupervised machine-learning methods in tackling questions about social attitude change.
Modeling contact electrification in triboelectric impact oscillators as energy harvesters

Triboelectric energy harvesters or nanogenerators exploit both contact electrification and electrostatic induction to scavenge excess energy from random motions of mechanical structures. This study focuses on the modeling of triboelectric energy harvesters in the configuration of contact-separation impact oscillators. While mechanical and electrostatic elements in such systems can be satisfactorily modeled based on existing theories, the underlying physics of contact electrification is still under debate. The aim of this work is to introduce the surface charge density of dielectric layers as a variable into the macroscopic equations of motion of triboelectric impact oscillators by experimentally investigating the relation between the impact force and the charge transfer during contact electrification. Specifically, specimens with selected pairs of materials are put under a solenoid-driven pressing tester which charges the specimens with a vertical force whose magnitude, frequency and duty cycle can be controlled. An electrometer is used to monitor the short circuit charge ow between the electrodes from which the charge accumulation on dielectric layers can be extracted. With results from parameter-sweep tests, the produced map from contact force to surface charge density can be integrated into equations of motion via curve fitting or interpolation.
The Segregation of Opportunity: Social and Financial Resources in the Educational Contexts of Lower- and Higher-Income Children, 1990–2014

This article provides a rich longitudinal portrait of the financial and social resources available in the school districts of high- and low-income students in the United States from 1990 to 2014. Combining multiple publicly available data sources for most school districts in the United States, we document levels and gaps in school district financial resources-total per-pupil expenditures-and social resources-local rates of adult educational attainment, family structure, and adult unemployment-available to the average public school student at a variety of income levels over time. In addition to using eligibility for the National School Lunch Program as a blunt measure of student income, we estimate resource inequalities between income deciles to analyze resource gaps between affluent and poor children. We then examine the relationship between income segregation and resource gaps between the school districts of high- and low-income children. In previous work, the social context of schooling has been a theoretical but unmeasured mechanism through which income segregation may operate to create unequal opportunities for children. Our results show large and, in some cases, growing social resource gaps in the districts of high- and low-income students nationally and provide evidence that these gaps are exacerbated by income segregation. Conversely, per-pupil funding became more compensatory between high- and low-income students' school districts over this period, especially in highly segregated states. However, there are early signs of reversal in this trend. The results provide evidence that school finance reforms have been somewhat effective in reducing the consequences of income segregation on funding inequities, while inequalities in the social context of schooling continue to grow.
An integrative GIS approach to analyzing the impacts of septic systems on the coast of Florida, USA

An estimated 2.7 million septic systems in Florida, USA are potential ground and surface water contaminant sources that may affect environmental and human health. This study examined the spatial di...
Leadership and Endorsement

Anesthesiologists pioneered the use of simulation for medical education, and interest in this innovative educational program has exploded over the past decade. This chapter explores the leadership of anesthesiologists in patient safety, particularly in creating this critical tool. Educational theories that underlie effective simulation programs are described as driving forces behind the advancement of simulation in medical education. The chapter also details the requirements for program endorsement by the American Society of Anesthesiologists. The development of this endorsement process is discussed along with its anticipated benefits.
Optimal Planar Powered Descent with Independent Thrust and Torque

A powered descent problem with a body-fixed thrust vector and independent torque input is considered. By assuming that the entire descent maneuver takes place in an inertially-fixed plane, we show ...
1260-P: Labcorp Data in >19,000 Children with a Diagnosis Code for T2D Show Predominantly Normal Liver Function Tests: Implications for Identifying Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease or Steatohepatitis (NAFLD/NASH)

The majority of pediatric patients with biopsy proven NASH have insulin resistance (IR), however data are scarce as to the relationship between NASH and T2D in children. Clinical guidelines advise using gender-specific ALT levels (girls 22 U/L; boys 26 U/L) to screen obese or overweight children with risk factors such as IR or T2D for NAFLD/NASH. We accessed ALT, AST, and A1C results from the LabCorp® clinical database in children 7-17 years of age with suspected or confirmed T2D, NASH, or both NASH + T2D (having ICD10 codes E11 (T2D), K75.81 (NASH), or E11 + K75.81), from March 2016-2019. Of the 19,522 patients with a T2D code, median ALT values were below the gender specified norms, while 25% were higher. Median ALT levels in both genders with a code for NASH were 2.5 times greater than those with T2D and no NASH code; 72% of those with NASH codes were male. Interestingly, boys with codes for T2D and NASH had higher ALT values, despite higher mean A1C values for girls. These vast LabCorp® data show a male predominance in use of the NASH code. As expected, ALT values are higher among patients with this code relative to the T2D code, with much higher levels among boys with codes for T2DM + NASH. Of those with T2D codes, 25% had ALT values above the cut off, suggesting need for further evaluation to confirm NAFLD/NASH. Disclosure M. Puri: Employee; Self; LabCorp. K.M. Lizzi-Ansok: Employee; Self; LabCorp. C.M. Filozof: Employee; Self; Covance. B.J. Goldstein: Employee; Self; Covance / LabCorp.
Epinephrine for Neonatal Resuscitation: The Limits of Knowledge

* Abbreviations: ILCOR — : International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation ROSC — : return of spontaneous circulation Epinephrine (from the Greek epi-nephros, “on top of the kidneys”), known across the Atlantic pond as adrenalin (from the Latin ad-renal, “near the kidneys”), has been an unquestioned staple in the neonatal resuscitation drug toolkit for many decades. First extracted from the adrenal medulla in 1895, purified in 1901, and synthesized in 1904, this drug has proven efficacy for the treatment of a number of acute conditions such as anaphylaxis and glaucoma. In 2010, the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR) published recommendations for using epinephrine to resuscitate newborns “derived largely from indirect evidence from pediatric studies of uncertain relevance to neonates or from animal studies.”1 Among newborns in whom effective lung ventilation and chest compressions fail to increase heart rate >60 beats per minute, the guidelines suggested administration of an intravenous dose of epinephrine (0.01–0.03 mg/kg) repeated every 3 to 5 minutes as needed. A higher dose (0.05–0.1 mg/kg) administered through an endotracheal tube was the fallback option in the absence of intravenous access. But what do we really know about the best dose, dosing interval, … Address correspondence to Mark L. Hudak, MD, Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine – Jacksonville, 653-1 W 8th St, Box L-1600, Jacksonville, FL 32209. E-mail: mark.hudak{at}jax.ufl.edu
Centroid Transformers: Learning to Abstract with Attention.

Self-attention, as the key block of transformers, is a powerful mechanism for extracting features from the inputs. In essence, what self-attention does is to infer the pairwise relations between the elements of the inputs, and modify the inputs by propagating information between input pairs. As a result, it maps inputs to N outputs and casts a quadratic $O(N^2)$ memory and time complexity. We propose centroid attention, a generalization of self-attention that maps N inputs to M outputs $(M\leq N)$, such that the key information in the inputs are summarized in the smaller number of outputs (called centroids). We design centroid attention by amortizing the gradient descent update rule of a clustering objective function on the inputs, which reveals an underlying connection between attention and clustering. By compressing the inputs to the centroids, we extract the key information useful for prediction and also reduce the computation of the attention module and the subsequent layers. We apply our method to various applications, including abstractive text summarization, 3D vision, and image processing. Empirical results demonstrate the effectiveness of our method over the standard transformers.
After evangelicalism: The Path to a New Christianity: by David Gushee, Louisville, Westminster John Knox Press, 2020, 225 pp., Paperback $17.62; Kindle $9.99, ISBN 9780664266110

In 2006, the historian Randall Balmer wrote Thy Kingdom Come: How the Religious Right Distorts Faith and Threatens America. It explores what Balmer considers the unholy alliance of evangelicalism a...
Combining leximax fairness and efficiency in a mathematical programming model

Abstract A trade-off between fairness and efficiency is an important element of many practical decisions. We propose a principled and practical method for balancing these two criteria in an optimization model. Following an assessment of existing schemes, we define a set of social welfare functions (SWFs) that combine Rawlsian leximax fairness and utilitarianism and overcome some of the weaknesses of previous approaches. In particular, we regulate the equity/efficiency trade-off with a single parameter that has a meaningful interpretation in practical contexts. We formulate the SWFs using mixed integer constraints and sequentially maximize them subject to constraints that define the problem at hand. We demonstrate the method on problems of realistic size involving healthcare resource allocation and disaster preparation, with solution times of several seconds at most.
Algorithmic Bias in Education

In this paper, we review algorithmic bias in education, discussing the causes of that bias and reviewing the empirical literature on the specific ways that algorithmic bias is known to have manifested in education. While other recent work has reviewed mathematical definitions of fairness and expanded algorithmic approaches to reducing bias, our review focuses instead on solidifying the current understanding of the concrete impacts of algorithmic bias in education—which groups are known to be impacted and which stages and agents in the development and deployment of educational algorithms are implicated. We discuss theoretical and formal perspectives on algorithmic bias, connect those perspectives to the machine learning pipeline, and review metrics for assessing bias. Next, we review the evidence around algorithmic bias in education, beginning with the most heavily-studied categories of race/ethnicity, gender, and nationality, and moving to the available evidence of bias for less-studied categories, such as socioeconomic status, disability, and military-connected status. Acknowledging the gaps in what has been studied, we propose a framework for moving from unknown bias to known bias and from fairness to equity. We discuss obstacles to addressing these challenges and propose four areas of effort for mitigating and resolving the problems of algorithmic bias in AIED systems and other educational technology.
Inverse Solution to Three-Dimensional Flows

Methods are developed for obtaining numerical solutions to three-dimensional, inviscid, incompressible fluid flows and free surface Darcian flows in porous media. An inverse formulation is used which considers the magnitudes of the cartesian coordinates as the dependent variables, and utilizes the potential function and two mutually orthogonal stream functions whose intersections define the streamlines of the flow as the independent variables. In this inverse space irregular boundaries and phreatic surfaces whose positions are unknown a priori in the physical space, become planes of known positions and, consequently, the region of the partial differential equations boundary value problem is defined. This special boundary value problem is solved by utilizing finite differences. The applicability of the methods are demonstrated by implementing them in a computer program and obtaining a solution to three dimensional Darcian seepage flow through a dam with a drain over a portion of the base of the toe.
Abstract P227: Diabetes Mellitus and Venous Thromboembolism: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Introduction: Reported associations of diabetes with venous thromboembolism (VTE) are inconsistent. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to quantify the association between diabetes mellitus (type 1 or 2) and VTE (deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism). Methods: A systematic review of observational studies was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, and CINAHL through Dec 31, 2012. Additional studies were identified by contacting experts and through manual review of reference lists of review articles and articles eligible for the present study. We abstracted information on relative risk (RR) estimates and pooled these data using a random-effects model. We queried authors of papers that did not adjust for important confounders to request controlled RR estimates. Results: We identified 10 studies (N participants: 240,940; 7 cohort, 3 case-control: Heit, Lidegaard, and Poulter) which provided RRs adjusted for age and BMI (Figure), and 8 additional studies which did not adjust for these con...