cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Maruja Martínez Castilla: Entre el amor y la furia, crítica testimonial del movimiento socialista en el Perú

La obra testimonial, Entre el amor y la furia. Cronicas y testimonios (1997) de Maruja Martinez Castilla, se encuentra en el centro de esta investigacion que explora las representaciones de las mujeres militantes que vehicularon tanto los dirigentes como los miembros varones de los movimientos de izquierda en el Peru. Ponemos el enfasis en la vision critica de Martinez que se comprometio politicamente con las transformaciones nacionales durante las decadas de 1970 y 1980, dandose cuenta de las contradicciones entre las ideologias y retoricas socialistas y los comportamientos misoginos, dogmaticos y discriminatorios hacia las jovenes luchadoras. El uso de los generos memoristicos que recurren a la oralidad, la biografia, las cartas, las entrevistas y otros documentos sirven para implementar otra perspectiva deconstructivista de la historia de las mujeres al interior de grupos politicos, llamados “revolucionarios” para adquirir el respeto a sus derechos legitimos. Partimos del paradigma que trazo Magda Port...
Consequences of the Dead Donor Rule.

Robert M. Sade, MD The Case of the Rejected Heart Donor Terry Sklavin is 49-years-old and was a successful investment banker before he sustained a severe head injury in an automobile accident. A week after the accident, the patient is ventilator-dependent in the intensive care unit. Dr. P.V. Staat, the consulting neurologist, determines that only minimal brainstem function is present, and estimates that Mr. Sklavin's chance of recovery is negligible. The patient's wife has produced her husband's living will and durable power of attorney for health care; she is his health care agent. Both documents specify that if he were ever in an incapacitated condition from which he is unlikely to recover substantially, he does not want to be kept alive but wants to donate any organs that are medically suitable for transplantation. His hand-written instruction emphasizes that his heart especially should be used if at all possible. The patient and his wife have had several conversations about end-of-life preferences, and she says that he felt very strongly about his clearly documented wishes. Dr. Staat informs her that organ donation might be feasible under the hospital's donation after cardiac death protocol, but even if DCD were successful, it's highly unlikely that the heart could be used. Mrs. Sklavin says that her husband is as good as dead, will die soon, and can't understand why all of his medically suitable organs won't be used, particularly why his heart will most likely be buried with him. She wants his heart and other organs to be recovered while they're still in good condition for transplantation. Dr. Staat explains that the dead donor rule does not permit recovery of organs until the patient has been declared dead after withdrawal of life support. He's aware of recent challenges to the current concepts of death and organ donation, and wonders whether it's time to replace the dead donor rule with one that permits donation by persons who are not dead but are facing inevitable imminent death.
The design of civil aircraft earth station system of satellite communication and its standards

It describes the civil aircraft earth station system of satellite communication,and introduces the part of standard ARINC、ARP and RTCA on civil aircraft earth station system of satellite communication. The avionics of each kind of civil aircraft is different in the architecture,performance and parameter according to the difference of itself. It analyzes a typical civil aircraft architecture of earth station system of satellite communication and the module design of its equipment,compares part of the KPI of the aircraft earth station system of satellite communication with the standard,and discusses the standard test of the system. This system is part of the avionics system which belongs to a big avionics supplier in a foreign country,and the avionics system has been delivered to a civil aircraft company in China and will be tested.
The effect of inhibition of cytidine deaminase by tetrahydrouridine on the utilization of deoxycytidine and 5-bromodeoxycytidine for deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis.

The effect of cytidine deaminase activity on the utilization of deoxycytidine and 5-bromodeoxycytidine for DNA synthesis in normal and neoplastic mouse tissues was investigated utilizing tetrahydrouridine to inhibit cytidine deaminase in vivo. Tetrahydrouridine increased approximately 3-fold the incorporation of deoxycytidine into the DNA of two transplantable lymphomas, a mammary adenocarcinoma, and bone marrow. The utilization of deoxycytidine for DNA synthesis was also increased by tetrahydrouridine in mouse testes, but not in the spleen or small intestine. The toxicity of 5-fluorodeoxycytidine was similarly increased by inhibition of cytidine deaminase. In contrast to the effect of tetrahydrouridine on deoxycytidine, the incorporation of 5-bromodeoxycytidine into DNA was decreased approximately 70% by inhibition of cytidine deaminase with tetrahydrouridine. This suggests that the incorporation of 5-bromodeoxycytidine into DNA proceeds mainly by deamination of the nucleoside to 5-bromodeoxyuridine, followed by phosphorylation to 5-bromodeoxyuridylate, rather than the alternative pathway proceeding by phosphorylation of 5-bromodeoxycytidine to 5-bromodeoxycytidylate, followed by deamination of the nucleotide to 5-bromodeoxyuridylate. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We are grateful to Dr. W. F. Dunning of the Papanicolaou Cancer Research Institute for providing the mice and transplantable tumors used in these experiments. It is a pleasure to acknowledge the devoted technical assistance of Jean Zegadlo and to thank Ira Schildkraut for critical reading of the manuscript.
Accelerating the development of transparent graphene electrodes through basic science driven chemical functionalization.

Chemical functionalization is required to adapt graphenes properties to many applications. However, most covalent functionalization schemes are spontaneous or defect driven and are not suitable for applications requiring directed assembly of molecules on graphene substrates. In this work, we demonstrated electrochemically driven covalent bonding of phenyl iodoniums onto epitaxial graphene. The amount of chemisorption was demonstrated by varying the duration of the electrochemical driving potential. Chemical, electronic, and defect states of phenyl-modified graphene were studied by photoemission spectroscopy, spatially resolved Raman spectroscopy, and water contact angle measurement. Covalent attachment rehybridized some of the delocalized graphene sp2 orbitals to localized sp3 states. Control over the relative spontaneity (reaction rate) of covalent graphene functionalization is an important first step to the practical realization of directed molecular assembly on graphene. More than 10 publications, conference presentations, and program highlights were produced (some invited), and follow-on funding was obtained to continue this work.
From Community to Political Action

Two true stories: When I was a graduate student at University of California, Los Angeles, to imagine or conjure an integrated field of Latino studies was not a possibility. The fractured world of identity politics was raging during the nineties and to even suggest that Puerto Ricans might have some commonalities with Mexican Americans was sacrilege. One of the outcomes of these skirmishes, of these ethnic wars about the legitimacy of studying a particular cultural and national identity, was the establishment of the Cesar Chavez Center at UCLA, a center dedicated to the study of Chicano culture, literature, politics, and more, but to the exclusion of other Latino national histories and cultures. I was one of the first graduate teaching assistants in this center teaching Chicano literature, a literature or culture to which I had not been born and, according to some, therefore lacked the credentials to teach. The only reason I was “allowed” to teach in the Center was because the director at the time already had a broader and more inclusive view of the place of Latino literature in America.
Clinical and Radiologic Follow‐up Study for Biopsy Diagnosis of Radial Scar/Radial Sclerosing Lesion without Other Atypia

To determine the incidence of malignancy for radial scars (RS)/radial sclerosing lesions (RSL) without associated atypia or malignancy identified at needle biopsy. Retrospective review of the pathology data base from January 2004 to July 2013 yielded 100 needle biopsies diagnosed as RS/RSL without associated atypia/malignancy. The RS/RSL was considered "incidental" if the target was calcifications and "targeted" if imaging revealed a mass, architectural distortion, or suspicious magnetic resonance imaging enhancement. The electronic medical record was used to identify surgical pathology, follow-up imaging, and clinical course; all pathology slides and imaging were reviewed by a board-certified pathologist and radiologist, respectively. Patient age, laterality, RS/RSL size, microcalcifications, and associated benign lesions were recorded. Among 100 cases, 54 were "incidental" and 46 were "targeted." In the incidental group, 14 underwent excision, 30 had imaging follow-up, and 10 were lost to follow-up. In the targeted group, 27 underwent excision, 11 had imaging follow-up, and 8 were lost to follow-up. Atypia was identified in four excisions: three from the incidental group and one from the targeted group. Among these, three had negative imaging follow-up (mean 45 months; range 15-60 months); the fourth patient (one of the incidental group) underwent excision alone. One of the 27 "targeted" patients who underwent excision developed ductal carcinoma in situ of the contralateral breast at 96 months. There have been no ipsilateral malignancies. We found no evidence of associated malignancy at excision for either incidental or targeted biopsies of RS/RSL without atypia. Our study suggests that close imaging follow-up is adequate for patients with RS/RSL without associated atypia/malignancy on needle biopsy.
Tracking growth and age in the drought-deciduous shrub Fouquieria splendens (ocotillo) in the Chihuahuan Desert: The role of wood rings and stem segments

Abstract I studied growth and longevity of the C3 drought-deciduous shrub Fouquieria splendens (ocotillo) growing in the Chihuahuan Desert in New Mexico for 22 years through the analysis of rings produced in trunks and stems. Ocotillos studied had 1–64 stems longer than 40 cm, maximum stem lengths of 50–370 cm, and 21–107 growth rings in their trunks. Although trunk rings were positively related to stem rings immediately above the trunks, the base of the largest stems immediately above the trunks had up to 58% fewer rings than the trunks. One growth ring was added to every existing stem segment only in years when a new terminal segment was produced on that stem, and adjacent segments produced in the same year had only one growth ring each. While the 107 growth rings in the trunk of the presumably oldest ocotillo in this study closely match the oldest ocotillo age derived from direct evidence (104 years), the challenge now is to discover whether ocotillo trunk rings really are annual rings.
Phosphatase inhibitor cantharidin blocks adenosine A1 receptor anti-adrenergic effect in rat cardiac myocytes

Experiments were performed to examine whether the protein phosphatase inhibitor cantharidin blocks the anti-adrenergic effect of adenosine A1 receptor stimulation. In electrically stimulated adult ...
Data in–data out? A metasynthesis of interpreter’s experiences in health and mental health:

The goal of this metasynthesis study was to employ qualitative research studies to explore the experiences of interpreters working in hospitals or mental healthcare facilities. Using Noblit and Har...
124 : The interleukin-17-mediated regulation and role of neutrophils in resistance to oropharyngeal candidiasis

Oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) is an opportunistic infection associated with a broad range of human conditions, including infancy, acquired immunodeficiencies such as AIDS, and interleukin-17 (IL-17)-related primary immunodeficiencies. Recent studies demonstrated that the CD4+ Th17-associated cytokines IL-23 and IL-17 are crucial for host defense in OPC; however, the mechanism of defense is incompletely understood. IL-23 deficiency is associated with decreased induction of signals involved in neutrophil regulation. In contrast to this indirect evidence of a role for neutrophils in resistance to OPC, humans with isolated neutropenia are infrequently susceptible to this disease. We hypothesized that IL-17 mediates host defense against OPC primarily through neutrophil recruitment. To explore this, mice deficient in neutrophil recruitment by knockout (KO) of a key chemokine receptor, CXCR2, were subjected to OPC. CXCR2 KO mice were susceptible to OPC without fungal dissemination. In contrast, IL-23 KO and IL-17 receptor A (IL-17RA) KO mice depleted of neutrophils by treatment with a monoclonal antibody had an incremental increase in susceptibility to OPC without dissemination. Analysis of tongue tissue by flow cytometry showed a robust infiltrate of CD11b + Ly-6G low cells in mice treated with neutrophil-depleting antibody, indicating that this cell population is ineffective or inhibitory to host defense. Neutrophil-depleted C57BL/6 mice showed a bimodal response, wherein most mice were fully resistant to disease while 14% became profoundly ill with local and disseminated disease. Use of low-dose anti-Gr-1 antibody, a potent but less specific neutrophil-depleting agent, resulted in profound susceptibility of C57BL/6 mice to OPC. We conclude that neutrophils can play a role in host defense from OPC, but IL-17 mediates defense primarily through other mechanisms. Detailed understanding of local host defense and interaction between immune cells is likely to aid in the understanding of susceptibility to disease with selective immunomodulatory agents and lead to the discovery of biomarkers of disease risk.
Rumen Microbiome, Probiotics, and Fermentation Additives

Fermentation of a variety of feedstuffs by the ruminal microbiome is the distinctive feature of the ruminant digestive tract. The host derives energy and nutrients from microbiome activity; these organisms are essential to survival. Advances in DNA sequencing and bioinformatics have redefined the rumen microbial community. Current research seeks to connect our understanding of the rumen microbiome with nutritional strategies in ruminant livestock systems and their associated digestive disorders. These efforts align with a growing number of products designed to improve ruminal fermentation to benefit the overall efficiency of ruminant livestock production and health.
A prospective, double-blinded, randomized comparison of ultrasound-guided femoral nerve block with lateral femoral cutaneous nerve block versus standard anesthetic management for pain control during and after traumatic femur fracture repair in the pediatric population.

BACKGROUND Traumatic injury of the femur resulting in femoral fracture may result in significant postoperative pain. As with other causes of acute pain, regional anesthesia may offer a benefit over conventional therapy with intravenous opioids. This study prospectively assesses the effects of femoral nerve blockade with a lateral femoral cutaneous nerve block (FN-LFCN) on intraoperative anesthetic requirements, postoperative pain scores, and opioid requirements. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventeen pediatric patients (age 2-18 years) undergoing surgical repair of a traumatic femur fracture fulfilled the study criteria and were randomly assigned to general anesthesia with either an FN-LFCN block (n = 10) or intravenous opioids (n = 7). All patients received a general anesthetic with isoflurane for maintenance anesthesia during the surgical repair of the femur fracture. Patients randomized to the FN-LFCN block group received ultrasound-guided nerve blockade using ropivacaine (0.2%/0.5% based on patient weight). At the conclusion of surgery, the airway device was removed once tracheal extubation criteria were achieved, and patients were transported to the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) for recovery and assessment of pain by a blinded study nurse. RESULTS The final study cohort included 17 patients (n = 10 for FN-LFCN block group; n = 7 for the intravenous opioid group). Although the median of the maximum postoperative pain scores in the regional group was 0, this did not reach statistical significance when compared to the median pain score of 3 in the intravenous opioid group. Likewise, no difference between the two groups was noted when comparing intraoperative anesthetic requirements, opioid requirements (intraoperative, in the post-anesthesia recovery room, and in the inpatient ward), and the time to first opioid requirement postoperatively in the inpatient ward. CONCLUSION This prospective, randomized, double-blinded study failed to demonstrate a clear benefit of regional anesthesia over intravenous opioids intraoperatively and postoperatively during repair of femoral shaft fractures in the pediatric population.
Direct Observation Through In Situ Transmission Electron Microscope of Early States of Crystallization in Nanoscale Metallic Glasses

Crystallization is a complex process that involves multiscale physics such as diffusion of atomic species over multiple length scales, thermodynamic energy considerations, and multiple possible intermediate states. In situ crystallization experiments inside a transmission electron microscope (TEM) using nanostructured metallic glasses (MGs) provide a unique platform to study directly crystallization kinetics and pathways. Here, we study the embryonic state of eutectic growth using Pt-Ni-Cu-P MG nanorods under in situ TEM. We directly observe the nucleation and growth of a Ni-rich polymorphic phase, followed by the nucleation and slower growth of a Cu-rich phase. The suppressed growth kinetics of the Cu-rich phase is attributed to locally changing chemical compositions. In addition, we show that growth can be controlled by incorporation of an entire nucleus instead of individual atoms. Such a nucleus has to align with the crystallographic orientation of a larger grain before it can be incorporated into the crystal. By directly observing the crystallization processes, particularly the early stages of non-polymorphic growth, in situ TEM crystallization studies of MG nanostructures provide a wealth of information, some of which can be applied to typical bulk crystallization.
Residual response of reinforced concrete columns exposed to design fires

Abstract This paper presents results from residual capacity tests on fire damaged reinforced concrete (RC) columns. Two RC columns, were first subject to structural loading and fire exposure, as experienced in a typical building, and then loaded to failure upon cool down to ambient conditions. The response of the column including temperatures, deformations, and spalling in the columns was monitored during heating, and cooling phases of fire exposure. Upon complete cool down, the fire damaged columns were incrementally loaded until failure to evaluate their residual capacity. Results from these fire tests indicate that RC columns retain significant residual capacity after exposure to typical fires experienced in buildings.
An Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning Perspective on Social Simulation: New Data and New Challenges

Reviews the current state of the art in data infrastructure and artificial intelligence approaches that could be valuable for social and behavioral modeling.
Reflections on Broadening Participation in STEM: What Do We Know? What Do We Need to Know? Where Do We Go From Here?:

Over 50 years ago, concerns about the adequacy of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) talent in the United States were the catalyst to develop programs to ensure that the STEM ...
3D Rigid Registration of Cad Point-Clouds

In this paper, we introduce a new method for the rough alignment of point-clouds. We focus on a special type of point-clouds that is composed of simple geometric shapes like planes, cylinders, cones, etc. We call them 3D CAD point clouds. They are usually used in industrial and mechanical applications. The proposed method starts by detecting basic shapes in the point-clouds. And then using them to find the best transformation (rotation and translation) that aligns the point- clouds. Then, we run the fine alignment step using the iterative closest point method (ICP). We show several real-world examples of point-clouds before and after the alignment using this method. The results suggest that the proposed method works well in most cases given enough overlap between the point-clouds.
Internet of Things: The Foundational Infrastructure for a Smarter Planet

Every day, our world is getting more instrumented and interconnected. Streams of data are continuously being generated by mobile devices, personal computers, networks, sensors, RFID tags, web services, social media and the like. IBM’s newest study reveals how new technologies support the development of the Internet of Things, and how the Internet of Things provides the foundational infrastructure for a smarter planet. Key trends that relate to the Internet of Things include Mobile, Big Data, Cloud Computing, and Smart Networks. The paper describes the latest developments in Mobile, Big Data (including cognitive systems capable to evaluate large amounts of both structured and unstructured data), Cloud Computing and Smarter networks (including software defined environments to cope with the ever increasing workloads in the networks).
A Structural Equation Modelling Approach to Understanding Influences of Maternal and Family Characteristics on Feeding Practices in Young Children.

Background The family environment is influential for a child's healthy development through parent and sibling influences on feeding practices. Multiple-child households may protect against unhealthy feeding practices, but additional children contribute to higher maternal stress. Households of married parents may decrease maternal stress by sharing parental demands. Objective We aimed to evaluate the collective influence of maternal stress, marital status, and number of children on feeding practices. Methods Mothers of 2- to 5-y-old children (n = 278) were recruited mainly on a university campus and completed an online survey to examine associations between maternal stress (Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale), number of children, marital status, and feeding practices (restriction and pressure to eat; Child Feeding Questionnaire). Relationships were examined through the use of multivariate regression and structural equation modelling. Results A mainly married (85%) and Caucasian (73%) sample participated, with most mothers reporting multiple children [2 children (45%) or ≥3 children (24%)]. Marital status was not associated with either feeding practice, i.e., restriction and pressure to eat (P < 0.05). In adjusted models, maternal stress (β = 0.04, SE = 0.01, P = 0.003) and number of children (β = 0.24, SE = 0.08, P = 0.003) in the household individually contributed to higher feeding restriction; their interaction resulted in lower feeding restriction (β = -0.01, SE = 0.05, P = 0.005). In stratified models, maternal stress was associated with restriction in single-child households (β = -0.03, SE = 0.009, P = 0.002), but not multiple-child households (β = -0.004, SE = 0.005, P = 0.40). Conclusions Number of children had no effect on feeding practices individually, but may contribute to a less restrictive feeding environment. Additional investigation into creating less stressful and more positive feeding environments for all mothers can lead to healthier mothers and families.
Resilience, vulnerability, & transformation: Exploring community adaptability in coastal North Carolina

Abstract Community resilience approaches are often criticized for failing to recognize how community adaptability is shaped by multiple levels and scales of heterogeneous power relations. A power framework for understanding community resilience is presented and applied to a qualitative case study of Two Rivers, a historical fishing community in North Carolina. Community functions, structures, and identity were fundamentally transformed from commercial fishing-based livelihoods to recreation and leisure-based lifestyles as Two Rivers fishers transitioned out of the fishing industry and relocated out of the community. The vulnerability context of Two Rivers consisted of compounding shocks from market competition, weather-related events, and rural restructuring involving amenity migration and development. The power framework draws attention to how the adaptability of the Two Rivers community was shaped by differential power among groups within and outside the community, structural power in the institutional and bureaucratic imperatives of governance systems, and the systemic power of generalized values, norms, and preferences driving coastal development trajectories. The utility of the power framework is a map of resources, capacities, and opportunities and barriers within and external to communities to more effectively understand and/or facilitate group and community adaptability for resilience or potentially more radical transformations toward sustainability.
Near-source air quality impact of a distributed natural gas combined heat and power facility

Abstract The wide adoption of combined heat and power (CHP) can not only improve energy efficiency, but also strengthens energy system resiliency. While CHP reduces overall emissions compared to generating the same amount of electricity and heat separately, its on-site nature also means that CHP facilities operate in populated areas, raising concerns over their near-source air quality impact. Evaluation of the near-source impact of distributed CHP is limited by emission data availability, especially in terms of particulate matter (PM). In this paper, we report on stack emission testing results of a community-scale CHP plant with two natural gas turbine units (15 MW each) from measurements conducted in both 2010 and 2015, and assess the near-source air quality impact using an integrated modeling framework using the stack test results, site-specific meteorological data and terrain profiles with buildings. The NOx removal efficiency by selective catalytic reduction (SCR) is estimated to be ∼83% according to the emission testing. The integrated framework employs AERMOD to screen air quality in a 2.7 km × 2.3 km domain from 2011 to 2015 to identify the highest ground-level concentrations (GLCs). Examining the corresponding meteorological conditions, we find that those high GLCs appeared during the stable atmospheric boundary layer with relative high wind speed. Next, the worse-case scenarios identified from the screening process are simulated using the detailed Unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) model coupled with a chemistry solver. The results generally show low GLCs of primary PM2.5 for this case study. However, our analysis also suggests greater building downwash impacts with the presence of taller and denser urban structures. Therefore, the near-source impact of natural gas-fired CHP in large metropolitan areas is worthy of further investigation.
Selective Information Extraction Strategies for Cancer Pathology Reports with Convolutional Neural Networks.

To trust model predictions, it is important to ensure new data scored by the model comes from the same population used for model training. If the model is used to score new data different than the model’s training data, then predictions and model performance metrics cannot be trusted. Identifying and excluding these anomalous data points is an important task when using models in the real world. Traditional machine learning algorithms and classifiers don’t have the capability to abstain in this case. Here we propose a data-novelty detection algorithm for the Convolutional Neural Network classifier, yielding a rejection score for each new data point scored. It is a post-modeling procedure which examines the distribution of convolution filters to determine if the prediction should be trusted. We apply this algorithm to an information extraction model for a natural language text corpus. We evaluated the algorithm performance using a primary cancer site classification model applied to cancer pathology reports. Results demonstrate that the algorithm is an effective way to exclude cancer pathology reports from model scoring when they do not contain the expected information necessary to accurately classify the primary cancer type.
Cubital Tunnel: History and Physical Examination

Cubital tunnel syndrome is the second most common compressive neuropathy within the upper extremity and the most common location for compression of the ulnar nerve. Patients may present with a myriad of manifestations of the syndrome, but paresthesias within the ulnar nerve distribution are the most common presenting symptom. It is critical for the clinician to identify the underlying etiology for disturbances in the ulnar nerve function prior to proceeding with any treatment modalities. Several clinical examination maneuvers may be performed to help identify whether the ulnar nerve dysfunction is a result of compression at the cubital tunnel or elsewhere including Tinel’s, flexion-compression, and the scratch-collapse tests with varying sensitivities and specificities.
Theoretical analysis of spectral lineshapes from molecular dynamics

Conventional methods for calculating anharmonic phonon properties are computationally expensive. To address this issue, a theoretical approach was developed for the accelerated calculation of vibrational lineshapes for spectra obtained from finite-time molecular dynamics. The method gives access to the effect of anharmonicity-induced frequency shift and lifetime, as well as simulation broadening. For a toy model we demonstrate at least an order of magnitude reduction in the number of simulation steps needed to obtain converged vibrational properties in nearly all cases considered as compared to the standard extraction procedure. The theory is also illustrated for graphene, hexagonal boron nitride, and silicon at the density functional theory level, with up to nearly a factor of 9 reduction in the required simulation time to reach convergence in the vibrational frequencies and lifetimes. In general, we expect the newly developed method to outperform the standard procedure when the anharmonicity is sufficiently weak so that well-defined renormalized phonon quasiparticles emerge. Our extension of signal analysis to material vibrations represents a state-of-the-art advance in calculating temperature-dependent phonon properties and could be implemented in computational materials discovery packages that search for thermoelectric materials for instance, since the thermal conductivity contribution to ZT depends strongly on these characteristics.
A Review of Cervical Cancer: Incidence and Disparities.

Abstract Background Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer amongst women worldwide. In the United States, its incidence and mortality have been declining due to the wide scale implementation of cytological screening programs. However, there have been geographic disparities in cervical cancer, particularly in the US. Objective This review will outline the overall incidence of cervical cancer and discuss the causes for disparities in its incidence and mortality rates. Methods A literature review was performed from 1999 to 2020 of English language manuscripts on the incidence and reasons for disparities in mortality rates of cervical cancer. Results Racial and ethnic minorities, socioeconomically disenfranchised, and those in rural areas have disparate rates of vaccination, screening and treatment of cervical cancer, leading to worse outcomes. Conclusions By addressing these disparities via increased education, access to care, and the expansion of screening and vaccination programs, reductions in cervical cancer incidence and mortality may be achieved.
Hugoniot states and optical response of soda lime glass shock compressed to 120 GPa

In contrast to relatively pure silica glass (fused silica—FS), commercial silica-rich glasses contain significant fractions of additional oxide components. In particular, soda-lime glass (SLG) consists of approximately 71% SiO2 by weight, which raises the question: what is the effect of additional cations on the shock compression response of silica-rich glasses? To address this question, plate impact experiments were conducted to determine the high-pressure Hugoniot states for shocked SLG (37 to 120 GPa) and compared with recently reported results on FS. Using laser interferometry, particle velocity profiles were measured at the impact surface and at the SLG/LiF window interface. In all experiments, the transmitted profiles show a single shock wave, with no features indicative of a phase transformation. The Hugoniot states determined from the wave profiles are described well using a linear shock velocity–particle velocity relation. Interferometry measurements (using 1550-nm wavelength laser) at the impact surface show that SLG is transparent when shocked to 55 GPa, transparent for tens of nanoseconds after impact between 55 and 81 GPa, and opaque beyond 81 GPa. From impact surface measurements, a linear relationship between the apparent and true particle velocity was observed, resulting in a linear relationship between the refractive index (at 1550 nm) and density. At 120 GPa, the SLG density is nearly twice its ambient value, indicating that SLG can achieve highly dense amorphous states. When compared to FS, shocked SLG is much less compressible and likely does not transform to a crystalline phase. A plausible explanation for this difference is suggested.
Extracellular Vesicles as a Novel Therapeutic Option in Liver Transplantation.

Long-term liver graft dysfunction and immunological rejection remain common adverse events, in part due to early acute rejection episodes initiated by ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) immediately following transplantation. Novel treatment methods are therefore required to ameliorate liver IRI and promote long-term allograft acceptance. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from tolerogenic phenotype cells may serve as a novel therapeutic option in liver transplantation due to their immunomodulatory and pro-regenerative effects. Studies of hepatic IRI along with animal liver allograft models have demonstrated that EVs isolated from mesenchymal stem/stromal cells, immature dendritic cells, and hepatocytes can reduce graft injury through mechanisms including enhancement of mitochondrial autophagy, inhibition of immune response, and promotion of tissue regeneration. These pre-clinical models may soon move translationally into clinical practice, necessitating the generation of robust methods to generate clinical-grade EVs. These methods must address issues of reproducibility and ability to scale-up the tolerogenic cell cultivation, EV isolation, and EV characterization. Once generated, the efficient delivery of EVs to the donor organ prior to transplantation remains an issue which could be resolved through the novel organ storage method ex vivo machine perfusion (EVMP). In this review, we summarize studies which have used tolerogenic cell derived EVs to ameliorate hepatic IRI and promote liver allograft acceptance, discuss the steps toward generation of clinical-grade EVs, and introduce EVMP as a novel method to efficiently deliver EVs.
Design of Cyanobyte: An Intermediate Representation to Standardize Digital Peripheral Datasheets for Automatic Code Generation

This is a design for a static configuration representing the registers and functions of a hardware peripheral. This allows for datasheet content to be processed directly in a machine-readable format. This can be used to generate drivers for the peripheral on any variety of hardware and software platforms without manual work in building every driver.
Understanding the job-hopping syndrome among millennial employees in the U.S. food and agribusiness sector: a national survey

A company’s ability to retain its employees is one of the pillars of long-term success for any business. For this reason, employee retention and employment continuity have been topics of interest a...
Natural history of urinary incontinence from first childbirth to 30-months postpartum.

The objectives of this study were to determine the incidence of UI in a large cohort of primiparous women before and during pregnancy and over the course of 30-months postpartum, and to identify risk factors for UI during and after pregnancy. Nulliparous women aged 18–35 years with singleton pregnancies were interviewed in their third trimester and asked about urinary incontinence before and during pregnancy (n = 3001). After delivery these women were interviewed at 1, 6, 12, 18, 24 and 30-months postpartum and asked about urinary incontinence occurring in the month prior to each interview. Multivariable logistic regression models identified risk factors for UI during pregnancy and during the follow-up period. Overall, 4% reported having urinary incontinence before pregnancy and 36.8% during pregnancy. The strongest predictor of urinary incontinence during pregnancy was urinary incontinence before pregnancy (adjusted OR 13.11, 95% CI 7.43–23.13). Among the women with no subsequent pregnancies, the rate of urinary incontinence increased from 12.5% at 6-months postpartum to 27.4% at 30-months postpartum, 52.1% reported UI at one or more postpartum data collection stages, and the strongest predictors of postpartum UI were UI before pregnancy (adjusted OR 3.95 (95% CI 1.60–9.75) and during pregnancy (adjusted OR 4.36, 95% CI 3.24–5.87). Our findings suggest that primiparous women who report UI before and during pregnancy should be monitored for the continuation or worsening of UI over the course of the first 2–3 years postpartum, and treatment options discussed.
Superparamagnetic Behavior in Noninteracting NiFe2O4 Nanoparticles Grown in SiO2 Matrix

Inverse spinel NiFe2O4 nanoparticles (2.5 nm–25 nm) in SiO2 matrix were prepared by sol–gel method. The phase and particle size of the samples were determined by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscope. Magnetic properties and Mossbauer spectra of the samples were studied with different ferrite particle sizes. Superparamagnetic behavior was observed at room temperature when the average particle size was less than 6 nm and also for larger particles at higher temperatures. The Mossbauer spectra changed from two-peaks to six-peaks pattern with the increase in particles size and decrease in temperature. Two sets of sextets in the Mossbauer spectra indicate the presence of iron ion in the tetrahedral as well as in octahedral sites. The Langevin function used to explain paramagnetism is found to describe well the magnetic behavior of these samples consisting of single domain particles in the superparamagnetic state.
Orientations of Positive Leadership in Times of Crisis

This chapter identifies three crisis leadership orientations that research suggests are necessary for leaders and their organizations to manifest positivity in crisis. We argue that leaders who have a mindset for 1) learning and adapting to rapidly changing circumstances; 2) seeing possibilities amid the tragic circumstances of a crisis; and 3) expecting trust and trustworthiness will be more inclined to identify positive outcomes in crisis situations. This chapter also offers a set of corresponding behaviors that are indicative of the crisis leadership orientations. The chapter begins with a brief introduction to crises and crisis phases. We then introduce the leadership orientations and their respective behaviors, followed by a discussion of the types of positive outcomes that can be manifested from the leadership orientations. These outcomes include benefits for the individual crisis leader, the organization, and its stakeholders, yet as we discuss in the section on future direction the manifestation of those outcomes may be contingent upon both organizational factors and the nature and source of the crisis.
A Review of “Soldiers’ Stories: Military Women in Cinema and Television Since World War II”

Soldiers’ Stories begins with a basic question: “How have military women been represented in the cinema and subsequently in television?” (3). It then launches into a comprehensive discussion of the...
Use of a conductance (volume) catheter and transient inferior vena caval occlusion for rapid determination of pressure-volume relationships in man.

Determination of left ventricular pressure-volume relationships in situ ideally requires both a method for easy measurement of multiple pressure-volume loops and a rapid and reversible means of altering load. We report a technique, previously used in animals, that combines conductance catheter volumes and rapid inferior vena caval occlusion to permit routine measurement of calibrated P-V relationships in man for the first time. An 8F volume catheter with a 3F micromanometer tipped pressure catheter placed through its lumen was advanced to the left ventricular apex through a femoral artery. A thermodilution output catheter was placed through a 9F femoral venous sheath and later replaced with an IVC balloon occlusion catheter, through which a 2.5F bipolar wire was advanced for atrial pacing. A specialized data system facilitated collection, editing, and data analysis at the time of cardiac catheterization. Absolute volume calibration required cardiac output measurement and injection of hypertonic saline. IVC occlusion decreased peak left ventricular pressure by 42 +/- 17 (SD) (P less than .001) mm Hg in 15 patients. Endsystolic pressure-volume relationships (ESPVR) were determined with 5-8 cardiac cycles with an average of r2 of 0.94 +/- 0.05 and were generally reproducible. The slope of the ESPVR demonstrated consistency among a group of normal patients (n = 6), and was significantly lower than the slope derived from a group of patients with ventricular hypertrophy (n = 9). We conclude that left ventricular pressure-volume relationships can be easily and repeatedly determined as part of a routine cardiac catheterization in man.
The effect of growth hormone preparations on alkaline phosphatase of the tibia.

Evidence that anterior pituitary growth hormone stimulates growth of bone is quite extensive. For example, Young (1945) obtained a 6% increase in tibial length by injecting a growth preparation for 60 days into plateaued female rats fed ad lib. Becks, et al. (1946) found that administration of growth hormone to hypophysectomized rats stimulated bone formation, even after a postoperative interval of one year. The width of the proximal epiphyseal cartilage of the tibia of hypophysectomized rats is used to assay the growth hormone (Evans, et al. 1943). Related evidence is the fall in urinary phosphate in dogs (Gaebler and Price, 1937), increase in serum inorganic phosphate in rats (Li, Geschwind, and Evans, 1949), and increase in plasma alkaline phosphatase in rats (Li, Kalman, and Evans, 1947), after growth hormone treatment. Since Robison (1932) established a relationship between bone alkaline phosphatase and bone calcification, and Gomori (1943) confirmed this relationship histochemically,
Ternary rare-earth alumo-silicides—single-crystal growth from Al flux, structural and physical properties

Abstract A number of rare-earth alumo-silicides (R-Al-Si) have been synthesized from the corresponding elements by high-temperature reactions, carried out in excess of aluminum to serve as a flux. Under these experimental conditions, large single crystals of all R-Al-Si ternary phases were readily produced. The crystal structures these ternaries adopt were studied by means of powder and single-crystal X-ray diffraction and were classified as follows: (1) the early rare-earths (R=La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd) yield RAlxSi2−x, x∼1, non-stoichiometric ternary derivatives of the body-centered α -ThSi2-type; (2) the late rare-earths (R=Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm) form stoichiometric R2Al3Si2 compounds that crystallize in the C-centered monoclinic Y2Al3Si2-type; (3) the divalent Eu and Yb produce EuAl2Si2 and YbAl2Si2 with the trigonal CaAl2Si2-type, whereas the last lanthanide element, Lu, forms LuAlSi with C-centered orthorhombic YAlGe-type. These structural trends are reviewed, and the evolution of the basic physical properties such as magnetism, heat capacity and electrical resistivity when moving across the series is described in detail.
Office-Based Prostate Procedures

Oﬃce-based procedures of the prostate consistprimarily of treatments for benign prostatic hy-perplasia (BPH). With the development of newtechnologies and the economic changes within thehealth care industry, invasive treatments for BPHhave moved into the oﬃces of urologists. Changesin reimbursement schedules coupled with con-sumer demand for minimally invasive treatmentoptions have resulted in the development ofa variety of oﬃce-based procedures for thetreatment of symptoms secondary to BPH. Thegold standard treatment always has been tran-surethral resection of the prostate (TURP). Thevoiding and quality-of-life beneﬁts of TURP arewell established within the urologic literature. Thepotential for signiﬁcant intraoperative and post-operative complications, the need for hospitaladmission, and the associated costs, however,have stimulated the development of many mini-mally invasive alternatives. Treatments, such astransurethral microwave thermotherapy (TUMT),transurethral needle ablation (TUNA), intrapro-static injections, interstitial laser coagulation ofthe prostate, and urethral ﬂuid balloon thermo-therapy, are some of the available oﬃce-basedtreatments for BPH. This article reviews thesedeveloping therapeutic technologies for BPH. Inaddition, this article reviews the current prom-inent role of transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) of theprostate within the oﬃce setting.Transurethral microwave thermotherapyTUMT is a heat-based therapy oﬀered topatients who have lower urinary tract symptoms(LUTS). It is considered an attractive treatmentalternative to TURP because of its ease ofadministration and the minimal discomfort asso-ciated with it. TUMT treatment is based onincreasing intraprostatic temperatures greaterthan 45 C, which cause coagulation necrosis inthe targeted periurethral glandular tissue of thetransition zone [1]. The heat is delivered througha catheter with a microwave antenna to selectedportions of the prostate gland. Several devices areavailable, with the main diﬀerences between thembeing the degree of energy delivered, the coolingsystem, and design of the antenna.Patient selection criteriaInclusion1. Refractory LUTS2. Failed medical management of BPH3. Urinary retention4. Signiﬁcant surgical and anesthetic risksExclusion1. An obstructive median lobe2. Urethral length less than 3 cm or greaterthan 5 cm3. Prostate volume less than 30 g4. Gross hematuria5. Signiﬁcant detrusor instability6. Urethral strictures7. Acute urinary tract infection8. Acute prostatitis9. Prostate or bladder cancer10. Neurogenic bladder
Molecular connectivity V: connectivity series concept applied to density.

The concept of the expanded series of the connectivity index, χ, is introduced and applied to a consideration of the density of three classes of molecules. Correlations are found using two terms in the expanded series. A preliminary reflection on the extended series terms is made. It is noted that the regression equation constant in the three studies is close to the phase volume, 0.7402, and the possible significance of this fact is discussed.