cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Multidimensional Pattern Recognition and Classification of White Blood Cells Using Support Vector Machines

This study introduces a new algorithm to optimize the pattern recognition of different white blood cell types in flow cytometry. The behavior of parametric data clusters in a multidimensional space is analyzed using the learning system known as Support Vector Machines (SVM). Beckman-Coulter Corporation supplied flow cytometry data of numerous patients to be used as training and testing sets for the algorithm. Subsequently, the characteristics of the cells provided in these sets were used to train a SVM based classifier. The objective in developing this algorithm was to identify the category of a given blood sample and provide information to medical doctors in the form of diagnostic references for a specific disease state, lymphocytic leukemia. With the application of the hypothesis space, the learning bias and the learning algorithm, the SVM classifier was successfully trained to evaluate misclassification ratios in flow cytometry data in an effort to recognize abnormal blood cell patterns and address the ubiquitous problem of data overlap through the use of the maximal margin classifier.
Mereological nihilism: Quantum atomism and the impossibility of material constitution

Mereological nihilism is the philosophical position that there are no items that have parts. If there are no items with parts then the only items that exist are partless fundamental particles, such as the true atoms (also called philosophical atoms) theorized to exist by some ancient philosophers, some contemporary physicists, and some contemporary philosophers. With several novel arguments I show that mereological nihilism is the correct theory of reality. I will also discuss strong similarities that mereological nihilism has with empirical results in quantum physics. And I will discuss how mereological nihilism vindicates a few other theories, such as a very specific theory of philosophical atomism, which I will call quantum abstract atomism. I will show that mereological nihilism also is an interpretation of quantum mechanics that avoids the problems of other interpretations, such as the widely known, metaphysically generated, quantum paradoxes of quantum physics, which ironically are typically accepted as facts about reality. I will also show why it is very surprising that mereological nihilism is not a widely held theory, and not the premier theory in philosophy.
Acute pleural service: Experience and pathways

Introduction: Pleural effusions are common and may be the first sign of malignancy or can develop in patients with a confirmed malignancy. It generally indicates advanced disease, forbears deterioration in performance status, increased symptom load, and limited life expectancy. However, not all of these patients necessarily need hospitalisation or a chest drain. Aims: To ascertain the qualitative and quantitative benefits of providing an acute pleural service. Methods: A prospective analysis of experience in a district general hospital of providing an acute pleural service. Results: From July 2010 to date 25 patients were referred to the Acute Pleural Service. The types of pleural pathologies and pathway are shown below. View this table: Aetiology of pleural disease of patients in Acute Pleural Service ![Figure][1] Conclusion: Patients with either known malignant pleural effusion and those on first presentation may be managed as elective day admissions in an Acute Pleural Service pathway delivered by a Chest Physician with competency in thoracic ultrasound. This enables rapid assessment for prompt diagnosis, relief of symptoms and onward referral for VATS, medical thoracoscopy, PleurX, chest tube pleurodesis, or repeated pleural drainages as appropriate. This also represents another modality in managing patients with recurrent pleural effusion accumulation, and avoids unnecessary admission & hospitalisation to an acute hospital. [1]: pending:yes
Ballot Initiatives and the Democratic Citizen

Citizens' political attitudes are critically shaped by government institutions. Initiatives and referenda are one such institutional arrangement that may encourage the development of dispositions and skills that make for better citizens. Building upon tenets of participatory democratic theory, I hypothesize that voters who make choices on ballot measures will gain in civic abilities, but non-voters in the same states will see no increases. Moreover, the gains for voters should occur over multiple years rather than during any single election. Using the 1992 Senate Election Study, which contains samples of approximately equal size from each state, I estimate the relationship between initiative use and political knowledge. The findings indicate that voters from states that heavily use initiatives show an increased capacity over the long term to correctly answer factual questions about politics.
Thermal Maturity of Organic Matter in Green River Formation, Piceance Creek Basin, Colorado: ABSTRACT

The thermal maturity of organic matter in the Green River Formation in the Piceance Creek basin was determined by vitrinite reflectance on coalified logs in the otherwise alginite-rich oil shale, marlstone, and sandstone. Only vitrinite from logs in sandstone and marlstone was used to determine thermal maturity because reflectance of vitrinite from alginite-rich oil shale generally is lower than that in associated other rock types. Mean random vitrinite reflectance (Ro) at the top of the Green River Formation ranges from about 0.30% around the perimeter of the basin, where maximum burial depth of the rocks was less than 1,000 m (3,300 ft), to 0.55% in the structurally lowest part of the basin, where maximum burial depth of the upper part of the Green River was ore than 1,500 m (4,900 ft). The Green River Formation is almost 1,200 m (3,900 ft) thick in the structurally lowest part of the basin, suggesting that the lower part of the formation in this area may have reached an Ro of 0.7%, generally accepted as the threshold for oil generation in alginitic rocks. Bitumin-filled fractures observed in core from this area of the basin support this conclusion. A lithologically similar lacustrine section of the Green River Formation in the adjacent Uinta basin, where maximum burial was as great as 5,600 m (18,400 ft), is producing large quantities of oil from overpressured, fracture-controlled reservoirs. Present-day maximum temperatures in the Green River Formation in the Piceance Creek basin are between 55 and 70°C (131 and 158°F) This temperature seems too low End_Page 492------------------------------ for hydrocarbon generation. However, temperatures in the past probably were high enough for hydrocarbon generation. Oil generated during this earlier, hotter period could have migrated into conventional stratigraphic and structural traps. End_of_Article - Last_Page 493------------
Temporal coordination of perceptual algorithms for mobile robot navigation

A methodology for integrating multiple perceptual algorithms within a reactive robotic control system is presented. A model using finite state accepters is developed as a means for expressing perceptual processing over space and time in the context of a particular motor behavior. This model can be utilized for a wide range of perceptual sequencing problems. The feasibility of this method is demonstrated in two separate implementations. The first is in the context of mobile robot docking where the mobile robot uses four different vision and ultrasonic algorithms to position itself relative to a docking workstation over a long-range course. The second uses vision, IR beacon, and ultrasonic algorithms to park the robot next to a desired plastic pole randomly placed within an arena. >
Connections between the least-squares and the subspace approaches to blind channel estimation

In this correspondence, we study the connections between the least-squares and the subspace approaches to blind channel estimation. By examining the properties and connections of the so-called multichannel filtering and data selection transforms, we establish a relationship between the identification equations used in the two approaches. Next, it is shown that the least-squares and subspace estimators are identical for the case when there are two subchannels. In general, the two algorithms are different in their utilization of the noise subspace.
Electromagnetic interactions between biological tissues and implantable biotelemetry systems

Biotelemetry which provides wireless communication links between internal devices and outside equipment is a promising function for future implantable biomedical devices. In order to build reliable wireless links, detailed characterization and performance evaluation of the telemetry links are required. In this work, the finite difference time domain (FDTD) simulations are performed to analyze the radiation performances of small dipole and loop antennas in biological tissues for various biotelemetry links. By comparing the electrical characteristics of vertical and horizontal loop antennas above a perfect electric conductors (PEC) plane, the effects of biomedical devices on biotelemetry links are estimated in terms of radiation efficiency and specific absorption rate (SAR). Finally, it is observed that electromagnetic band-gap (EBG) structures are useful candidates for biotelemetry link design.
Solution structure of a DNA quadruplex containing the fragile X syndrome triplet repeat.

Both X-ray and NMR structural studies have defined the polymorphic nature of G-quadruplexes generated through mutual stacking of G.G.G.G tetrads by guanine rich telomeric sequences. Recently, the fragile X syndrome d(C-G-G)n triplet nucleotide repeat has been shown to form a stable quadruplex of undefined structure in monovalent cation solution. We have undertaken a structural characterization of the d(G-C-G-G-T3-G-C-G-G) undecanucleotide to elucidate the structural alignments associated with quadruplex formation by this oligomer which contains sequence elements associated with the fragile X syndrome triplet repeat. d(G-C-G-G-T3-G-C-G-G) in Na+ cation solution forms a quadruplex through dimerization of two symmetry related hairpins with the lateral connecting T3 loops positioned at opposite ends of the quadruplex. This novel NMR-molecular dynamics based solution structure contains internal G.C.G.C tetrads sandwiched between terminal G.G.G.G tetrads. Watson-Crick G.C base-pairs within individual hairpins dimerize through their major groove edges using bifurcated hydrogen bonds to form internal G(anti).C(anti).G(anti).C(anti) tetrads. Adjacent strands are anti-parallel to each other around the symmetric G-quadruplex which contains two distinct narrow and two symmetric wide grooves. By contrast, the terminal G-tetrads adopt G(syn).G(anti).G(syn).G(anti) alignments. The structure of the d(G-C-G-G-T3-G-C-G-G) quadruplex with its multi-layer arrangement of G.G.G.G and G.C.G.C tetrads greatly expands on our current knowledge of quadruplex folding topologies. Our results establish the pairing alignments that can be potentially utilized by the fragile X syndrome triplet repeat to form quadruplex structures through dimerization of hairpin stems. The formation of novel G.C.G.C tetrads through dimerization of Watson-Crick G.C base-pairs is directly relevant to the potential pairing alignments of helical stems in genetic recombination.
Effect of maturity and cold storage on ethylene biosynthesis and ripening in ‘Bartlett’ pears treated after harvest with 1-MCP

Abstract To further our understanding of the response of ‘Bartlett’ pear fruit to 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) and their ability to recover the capacity to ripen, ‘Bartlett’ pears were treated with 0.3 μL L −1 1-MCP for 12 h at 20 °C immediately after harvest in two seasons and to pear fruit of four maturities. 1-MCP decreased rates of softening, ethylene production, respiration, and yellow color development, and reduced incidence of scald and internal breakdown. Ripening recovery induced by cold storage of 1-MCP treated fruit depended on maturity and season and was associated with stimulated ethylene production, including 1-aminocyclopropene carboxylic acid synthase (ACS) activity, 1-aminocyclopropene carboxylic acid oxidase (ACO) activity, and transcript levels of genes associated with these enzymes.
Neural degeneration following chronic stimulant abuse reveals a weak link in brain, fasciculus retroflexus, implying the loss of forebrain control circuitry

There is increasing evidence that the fasciculus retroflexus (FR) represents a 'weak link' following the continuous administration of drugs of abuse. A variety of drugs which predominantly potentiate dopamine, including D-amphetamine, methamphetamine, MDMA, cocaine, and cathinone, all induce degeneration in axons from lateral habenula, through the sheath of FR, to midbrain cells such as SN, VTA, and raphe. For some drugs, such as cocaine, this is virtually the only degeneration induced in brain. Continuous nicotine also selectively induces degeneration in FR, but in the other half of the tract, i.e. in axons from medial habenula through the core of the tract to interpeduncular nucleus. This phylogenetically primitive tract carries much of the negative feedback from forebrain back onto midbrain reward cells, and the finding that these descending control pathways are compromised following simulated drug binges has implications for theories of drug addiction but also psychosis in general.
Socioeconomic Disparities in Pain: The Role of Economic Hardship and Daily Financial Worry

Objective—Socioeconomic disparities in pain may be attributable both greater frequency in stressful financial events, as well as greater vulnerability to economic hardship, for those at the lower end of the socioeconomic spectrum. This study investigated the effects of economic hardship and daily financial worry on daily pain among women with a chronic musculoskeletal condition. Design—The sample consisted of 250 women with osteoarthritis (N=105), Fibromyalgia (N=46), or both (N=99). During an initial assessment, participants’ chronic pain diagnosis, level of economic hardship, and demographic information were ascertained. Over 30 days, daily diary assessments recorded daily financial worries and daily pain severity. Hypotheses were tested using multilevel modeling for repeated measures in SAS PROC MIXED. Main Outcome Measure—Daily pain severity. Results—Results indicated that both conditions of economic hardship and daily ratings of financial worry had significant detrimental effects on daily pain. Participants with greater levels of financial stress had greater pain in response to daily financial worries than their counterparts with little or no financial stress. Further, participants in the sample who were not employed and who reported higher levels of financial stress exhibited the most pain reactivity in response to daily financial worries. Conclusion—Financial stress was associated not only with greater exposure to daily financial worries, but also with greater vulnerability to pain on days when daily financial worries were experienced.
Neuropsychological correlates of magnetic resonance imaging-defined subcortical ischemic depression.

Objective—The goal of the current study was to examine the neuropsychological profile of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-defined subcortical ischemic depression (SID). Methods—Clinically depressed older adults with MRI-defined SID (n = 70) and depressed elders without SID (n = 75) were compared on neuropsychological performance, depression symptoms and medical burden. Results—Group comparisons revealed that the SID was associated with worse performance on all neuropsychological measures, but also with greater age, higher cardiac illness burden, and greater deficits in the depression symptoms of self-initiation and concentration. In multivariate regression models, auditory working memory and nonverbal memory remained worse among the SID group after controlling for contributions of age, cardiovascular risk, and depression symptoms. Conclusions—Although auditory working memory span and nonverbal memory appear to be specifically associated with the ischemic pathology that defines SID, the typical individual with SID is also likely to have a broader profile of neuropsychological deficits than those without SID because they are typically older and have profiles of depression symptoms that predispose them to compromised neurocognitive performance.
Ferroelectric solar cells based on inorganic-organic hybrid perovskites

Ferroelectric solar cells based on ferroelectric oxides have attracted significant attention owing to many unique advantages, such as the switchable photocurrent and photovoltage, and the above bandgap open circuit voltages. However, the small photocurrent densities of the typical ferroelectric solar cells greatly limit their photovoltaic performance. In this report, we experimentally revealed the polarization switching properties of inorganic–organic hybrid perovskites and developed ferroelectric solar cells based on the hybrid perovskites. Hybrid perovskite methylammonium lead trihalide (MAPbX3) thin films exhibited 180° domain phase switching and polarization hysteresis loops. Ferroelectric solar cells based on the mixed halide MAPbI3−xClx thin film demonstrate a power conversion efficiency of 6.7% and the ferroelectric solar cells display switchable photovoltaic effects. This work provides an alternative but exhilarating solution for high-performance ferroelectric solar cells beyond inorganic ferroelectric oxides.
The Impacts Of CEO Turnover & Degree Of Internationalization On The Accuracy Of Analyst Forecasts

This study analyzes the impact of CEO turnover on the accuracy of analyst forecasts. Specifically, it examines the level of information that becomes available to analysts covering firms with different levels of internationalization, a proxy for firm complexity, during periods surrounding these events. After controlling for analyst and firm characteristics, along with regulatory period variables, this study finds that the accuracy of analyst forecasts improves in periods immediately following the turnover event. Results further indicate that the accuracy in the post-turnover period is greater for firms with lower levels of internationalization. In general, these findings are consistent with prior research describing the improvement of forecasts surrounding the CEO turnover event, the positive link between forecast accuracy and company disclosures, and finally, the negative link between analyst forecast accuracy and the complexity of the forecasting task.
Adoption, Foreign‐Born Status, and Children's Progress in School

Using recent data from the American Community Survey, the author investigated how the dynamics of immigration influence our understanding of the adoption-schooling relationship. The results suggest that implications of immigrant and adoption statuses could be understood within specific familial contexts. Thus, no statistical differences were found in the outcomes of foreign-born adoptees in U.S. native families and their peers with immigrant parents. Instead, the most favorable patterns of schooling progress were found among U.S.-born adoptees living in immigrant families. Among immigrants, the analysis indicated similar patterns of achievement among Hispanic and White adoptees that are inconsistent with the predictions of segmented assimilation theory. However, there was a Hispanic disadvantage relative to Whites among immigrant children living with biological and stepparents. The article concludes with a discussion of the implications of these findings for kinship selection and assimilation processes and the contention that alternative theoretical frameworks should be used to understand the implications of adoption status.
Action language BC

Action languages are formal models of parts of natural language that are designed to describe effects of actions. Many of these languages can be viewed as high level notations of answer set programs structured to represent transition systems. However, the form of answer set programs considered in the earlier work is quite limited in comparison with the modern Answer Set Programming (ASP) language, which allows several useful constructs for knowledge representation, such as choice rules, aggregates, and abstract constraint atoms. We propose a new action language called BC+, which closes the gap between action languages and the modern ASP language. The main idea is to define the semantics of BC+ in terms of general stable model semantics for propositional formulas, under which many modern ASP language constructs can be identified with shorthands for propositional formulas. Language BC+ turns out to be sufficiently expressive to encompass the best features of other action languages, such as languages B, C, C+, and BC. Computational methods available in ASP solvers are readily applicable to compute BC+, which led to an implementation of the language by extending system CPLUS2ASP.
An Analysis of Integration Degree between Macroeconomic and Financial Variables through Principal Components

This work has as its objective to evaluate integration degree of these indexes: Sao Paulo Stock Exchange - IBOVESPA, New York Stock Exchange - Dow Jones, interest rate - SELIC, which fulfills as basic interest rate in Brazil, the civil construction index - CUB and the pricing index to the ample consumer - IPCA, which fulfills as an internal inflation rate in Brazil. The period of analysis was from January 1995 to March 2002. The methodology was principal component analysis (ACP). It shows a high relation degree among SELIC, CUB and IPCA. IBOVESPA and DOW JONES do not present relation with the other variables.
The Lost Map of Matteo de’ Pasti: Cartography, Diplomacy, and Espionage in the Renaissance Adriatic

The sculptor Matteo de’ Pasti left Rimini in 1461 bound for Ottoman Sultan Mehmed II ’s court at Constantinople with gifts from Sigismondo Malatesta. When his ship stopped in Crete, Matteo was detained by the island’s Venetian authorities on charges of espionage. Contemporaries report that he carried with him a map, now lost, but assumed to be a strategically valuable one of the Adriatic. Discussions of Matteo’s mission claim that it attempted to supply the sultan with essential intelligence for an invasion of Italy.Yet, this spy story finds little confirmation in historical sources. Indeed, our knowledge of the map’s very existence derives from the reports of Sigismondo’s enemies. I examine this prominent embassy as a means to reconsider attitudes toward the utility of maps in the scholarly imagination and the role of art and artists in early modern diplomacy. Revisiting documentary evidence and the claims scholars have grounded therein, I explore how we have told the tale of this journey in ways that conform to our own shifting expectations, sometimes at the expense of fidelity to the sources at hand. Overwhelming focus on the absent map has obscured both Matteo’s role as envoy and the distinctive place of evidently skillful and delightful visual culture in this attempted exchange.
An Interactive Data Repository with Visual Analytics

Scientific data repositories have historically made data widely accessible to the scientific community, and have led to better research through comparisons, reproducibility, as well as further discoveries and insights. Despite the growing importance and utilization of data repositories in many scientific disciplines, the design of existing data repositories has not changed for decades. In this paper, we revisit the current design and envision interactive data repositories, which not only make data accessible, but also provide techniques for interactive data exploration, mining, and visualization in an easy, intuitive, and free-flowing manner.
Speciation of Arsenic(III)/Arsenic(V) and Selenium(IV)/Selenium(VI) Using Coupled Ion Chromatography–Hydride Generation Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

Simple analytical methods have been developed to speciate inorganic As and Se in the microgram per liter range using coupled ion chromatography–hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry. Because of the differences in toxicity and adsorption behavior, determinations of the redox states arsenite, As(III), and arsenate, As(V), and selenite, Se(IV), and selenate, Se(VI), are important. Anion exchange chromatography is used to separate As(III) and As(V) or Se(IV) and Se(VI) based on differences in retention times. Samples are then mixed with concentrated HCl for As or Se determination as the hydrides. Detection limits are 0.8 mg L−1 As for both redox states, 0.68 mg L−1 for Se(IV), and 0.55 mg L−1 for Se(VI). Spiking of actual mixed sample solutions of both redox states showed the procedure to be accurate for solutions with As(III)/As(V) or Se(IV)/Se(VI) ratios ranging from 1:4 to 4:1. Average recoveries were 95.7% for As (III), 106% for As(V), 93.1% for Se(IV), and 108% for Se(VI). The technique can be used to determine As(III) and As(V) and Se(IV) and Se(VI) in deionized water and actual and synthetic irrigation waters. Abbreviations: EC, electrical conductivity; HGAAS, hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry; HPLC, high performance liquid chromatography; NIST, National Institute of Standards and Technology; SRM, standard reference material. Published 2013
Endothelial and vascular smooth muscle responses are altered after left lung autotransplantation

Left lung autotransplantation (LLA) increased the pulmonary vasoconstriction evoked by phenylephrine and attenuated the vasodilatation caused by acetylcholine or bradykinin in conscious dogs. To study the mechanisms responsible for these changes, pulmonary arterial rings were isolated from right (control) and left (LLA) lower lobes of dogs 1-26 mo after LLA and were suspended for isometric tension recording. Compared with control rings from the same anatomic location, contractions to phenylephrine were increased after LLA in rings with or without endothelium. In arterial rings contracted to 50% of their maximal response to phenylephrine, acetylcholine, bradykinin, and calcium ionophore caused endothelium-dependent relaxations that were reduced in LLA compared with control rings. In arterial rings from control and LLA lungs, relaxations to acetylcholine were not altered by inhibition of cyclooxygenase (indomethacin) but were reduced after inhibition of NO synthase [N omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME)]. After L-NAME, there was no longer any significant difference in acetylcholine-induced relaxation between arterial rings from control and LLA lungs. Relaxation to SIN-1, a NO donor, was similar in arterial rings (without endothelium) from control and LLA lungs. The results suggest that LLA causes an increased sensitivity of vascular smooth muscle to alpha 1-adrenergic activation and endothelial dysfunction that is mediated by a selective reduction in the activity of endothelium-derived relaxing factor/NO.
Breakdown of Coal and Rock Impact and Damage Detection

Based on coal and rock burst failure mechanism,the elastic-plasticbrittle model of coal and rock burst failure was presented and taken advantage of to analyse how to carry out the danger of rock burst prediction,acoustic emission and electromagnetic radiation mechanism and monitoring technologies was introduced.
Requiem for Liberalizing Indications for Vena Caval Filters

Use of inferior vena caval (IVC) filters has proliferated. In 1979, ≈2000 vena caval filters were inserted. In 1999, the number of IVC filters inserted annually had increased ≈25-fold to 49 000. Retrievable IVC filters were first approved in 2003 and gained popularity rapidly. By 2006, retrievable IVC filters accounted for about half of all IVC filters that were inserted. The largest proportional increase in IVC filter use was subsequently in patients at risk for pulmonary embolism (PE) but who had had neither PE nor deep vein thrombosis (DVT).1 Article, see p 2018 Appropriate use of IVC filters is a hot topic. On the one hand, filters hold the promise of reducing PE rates by trapping moderate and large DVT that have detached from the deep veins of the legs and pelvis and that are hurtling toward the heart. On the other hand, we do not have clear-cut definitions of which patients with PE and DVT will benefit most from this technology. Aside from the expense and possible futility, an array of complications can ensue, including caval perforation,2 caval thrombosis, fracture, fragment embolization, intracardiac migration,3 cardiac perforation, and cardiac tamponade.4 In a systematic review of retrievable IVC filters, only 34% were retrieved, and the majority remained in place permanently. Most of the complications from retrievable filters occurred with long-term use.5 In Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries ≥65 years of age, ≈17% of PE patients undergo IVC filter placement. The IVC filter use rate in PE patients has remained stable since year 2000. However, the frequency of hospitalization for PE has increased in this population by ≈70%, resulting in a sharp rise in the absolute number of filters inserted. Use appears especially high in blacks, in men, and in octogenarians, but overall use varies markedly across the United States. …
Observed fearlessness and positive parenting interact to predict childhood callous-unemotional behaviors among low-income boys

Background Callous-unemotional behaviors identify children at risk for severe and chronic antisocial behavior. Research is needed to establish pathways from temperament and parenting factors that give rise to callous-unemotional behaviors, including interactions of positive versus harsh parenting with child fearlessness. Methods Multimethod data, including parent reports and observations of parent and child behavior, were drawn from a prospective, longitudinal sample of low-income boys (N = 310) with assessments at 18, 24, and 42 months, and at ages 10–12 years old. Results Parent-reported callous-unemotional, oppositional, and attention-deficit factors were separable at 42 months. Callous-unemotional behaviors at 42 months predicted callous-unemotional behaviors at ages 10–12, accounting for earlier oppositional and attention-deficit behaviors and self-reported child delinquency at ages 10–12. Observations of fearlessness at 24 months predicted callous-unemotional behaviors at 42 months, but only when parents exhibited low observed levels of positive parenting. The interaction of fearlessness and low positive parenting indirectly predicted callous-unemotional behaviors at 10–12 via callous-unemotional behaviors at 42 months. Conclusions Early fearlessness interacts with low positive parenting to predict early callous-unemotional behaviors, with lasting effects of this person-by-context interaction on callous-unemotional behaviors into late childhood.
Abstract 4632: Poor survival associated with NUAK1 overexpression in serous ovarian cancer may be explained by chemotherapy resistance

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify and validate novel gene transcripts associated with poor prognosis ovarian cancer. Methods: Clinical, pathologic, outcomes and transcriptomics data for 22,277 probesets were downloaded for each of 1,183 eligible patients representing six datasets. Cohorts 1 (n = 638) and 2 (n = 545) were used for discovery and validation, respectively. Associations with survival were evaluated using univariate Cox modeling with Wald test and Kaplan-Meier method with log rank test. Odds ratios were evaluated using the Mantel-Haenszel test. NUAK1 expression in ovarian cancer cell lines was examined using immunoblotting. Results: There were 293 (1.3%) probesets whose expression was associated with survival in serous ovarian cancer patients in cohort 1 that passed false discovery correction, and 19 of these, including NUAK1, validated in cohort 2 (q Conclusions: Overexpression of NUAK1, also known as AMPK-related protein kinase 5 (ARK5) and a survival factor in nutrient starved cells with low oxygen tension, was identified and validated to predict poor prognosis in a cohort of 1,183 serous ovarian cancer patients, and to be associated with chemoresistance using in vitro models of platinum and taxane resistance in human ovarian cancer. Citation Format: Neil T. Phippen, Nicholas W. Bateman, Guisong Wang, Chad A. Hamilton, George L. Maxwell, Kathleen M. Darcy, Thomas P. Conrads. Poor survival associated with NUAK1 overexpression in serous ovarian cancer may be explained by chemotherapy resistance. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 4632. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-4632
An M2-V27A channel blocker demonstrates potent in vitro and in vivo antiviral activities against amantadine-sensitive and -resistant influenza A viruses

Adamantanes such as amantadine (1) and rimantadine (2) are FDA-approved anti-influenza drugs that act by inhibiting the wild-type M2 proton channel from influenza A viruses, thereby inhibiting the uncoating of the virus. Although adamantanes have been successfully used for more than four decades, their efficacy was curtailed by emerging drug resistance. Among the limited number of M2 mutants that confer amantadine resistance, the M2-V27A mutant was found to be the predominant mutant under drug selection pressure, thereby representing a high profile antiviral drug target. Guided by molecular dynamics simulations, we previously designed first-in-class M2-V27A inhibitors. One of the potent lead compounds, spiroadamantane amine (3), inhibits both the M2-WT and M2-V27A mutant with IC50 values of 18.7 and 0.3 μM, respectively, in in vitro electrophysiological assays. Encouraged by these findings, in this study we further examine the in vitro and in vivo antiviral activity of compound 3 in inhibiting both amantadine-sensitive and -resistant influenza A viruses. Compound 3 not only had single to sub-micromolar EC50 values against M2-WT- and M2-V27A-containing influenza A viruses in antiviral assays, but also rescued mice from lethal viral infection by either M2-WT- or M2-V27A-containing influenza A viruses. In addition, we report the design of two analogs of compound 3, and one was found to have improved in vitro antiviral activity over compound 3. Collectively, this study represents the first report demonstrating the in vivo antiviral efficacy of inhibitors targeting M2 mutants. The results suggest that inhibitors targeting drug-resistant M2 mutants are promising antiviral drug candidates worthy of further development.
Parents’ and Children’s ADHD in a Family System

ADHD symptoms "run in families". However, relatively little is known about the ways in which parents' symptoms might additively and interactively work with the parenting environment, to influence (and be influenced by) the developmental trajectory of symptoms in children and adolescents. In this commentary on the special section addressing this gap in knowledge, emphasis is placed on the importance of replicating and extending family-wide studies of ADHD symptoms and etiology. The current papers exemplify the leading-edge of such efforts, demonstrating the feasibility and rigor with which studies are being conducted, utilizing longitudinal and experimental designs. Families and parenting environments operate as a system in which individuals influence each other's symptoms and functioning. In so doing, parents produce tremendous variability within (as well as between) each family in individuals' ADHD symptoms from childhood through adulthood, via gene-environment transactions that may even begin during prenatal development.
Shaping the World of Work in the Digital Economy

For better or worse, the digitalisation of the economy has become an unavoidable theme in political and social debates. This new industrial revolution is predicted to disrupt the processes of production, the world of work and society at large. How can we prepare for this and how can we anticipate its effects? In June 2016, the ETUI’s three-day conference in Brussels brought together the best experts on social issues related to the digitalisation of the economy, a theme that is still difficult to grasp in terms of its specific implications. In dedicating its first issue to this conference and its conclusions, this Foresight Brief offers more than a mere summary of the debates. It instead aims to draw out vital points concerning the strategic challenges that we believe the world of work faces in this new ‘digital revolution’.
Enforcing Co-Expression Within a Brain-Imaging Genomics Regression Framework

Among the challenges arising in brain imaging genetic studies, estimating the potential links between neurological and genetic variability within a population is key. In this paper, we propose a multivariate, multimodal formulation for variable selection that leverages co-expression patterns across various data modalities. Our approach is based on an intuitive combination of two widely used statistical models: sparse regression and canonical correlation analysis (CCA). While the former seeks multivariate linear relationships between a given phenotype and associated observations, the latter searches to extract co-expression patterns between sets of variables belonging to different modalities. In the following, we propose to rely on a “CCA-type” formulation in order to regularize the classical multimodal sparse regression problem (essentially incorporating both CCA and regression models within a unified formulation). The underlying motivation is to extract discriminative variables that are also co-expressed across modalities. We first show that the simplest formulation of such model can be expressed as a special case of collaborative learning methods. After discussing its limitation, we propose an extended, more flexible formulation, and introduce a simple and efficient alternating minimization algorithm to solve the associated optimization problem. We explore the parameter space and provide some guidelines regarding parameter selection. Both the original and extended versions are then compared on a simple toy data set and a more advanced simulated imaging genomics data set in order to illustrate the benefits of the latter. Finally, we validate the proposed formulation using single nucleotide polymorphisms data and functional magnetic resonance imaging data from a population of adolescents ( ${n} = 362$ subjects, age 16.9 ± 1.9 years from the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort) for the study of learning ability. Furthermore, we carry out a significance analysis of the resulting features that allow us to carefully extract brain regions and genes linked to learning and cognitive ability.
Blockage and Coverage Analysis with MmWave Cross Street BSs Near Urban Intersections

Millimeter wave (mmWave) communication offers Gbps data transmission, which can support massive data sharing in vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) networks. In this paper, we analyze the blockage effects among different vehicles and coverage probability of a typical receiver, considering cross street BSs near urban intersections in a multi-lane mmWave vehicular network. First, a three-dimensional model of blockage among vehicles on different lanes is considered. Second, we compute the coverage probability considering the interference of cross street base stations. Incorporating the blockage effects, we derive an exact and semi closed-form expression of the cumulative distribution density (CDF) of the association link path gain. Then, a tight approximation of the coverage probability is computed. We provide numerical results to verify the accuracy of the analytic results. We demonstrate the effects of blockage and the cross street interference. Also, we compare coverage probability with different BSs intensities under various street settings. It is shown that in multi-lane V2I networks, blockage among vehicles is not significant. Also, deploying more BSs does not increase coverage probability efficiently in ultra-dense streets.
Gruppendynamisch agil – agile Gruppendynamik

Wo die angewandte Gruppendynamik Erkenntnisse liefert, was in der (Selbst-)Steuerung von Gruppen relevant ist, also Grundlagen schafft und mehr auf den Prozess der Gruppe und anhand von Modellen auf die Dynamiken blickt, geht Agil von Prinzipien und Werten aus und definiert in Abhangigkeit des jeweiligen Modells Strukturen und Regeln. Diese sind mehrheitlich auf operative und inhaltliche Fragestellungen auf der Sach- und Produktebene ausgerichtet. Trotz der Unterschiede finden sich in Haltung und Werte Gemeinsamkeiten. Erfolgsfaktoren fur eine gute Arbeitsfahigkeit der Scrum Teams liegen in den sozialen, emotionalen und gruppendynamischen Kompetenzen der Teammitglieder. In Scrum eignen sich die Strukturelemente Retrospektive und Scrum Master am Besten um diese beiden Ebenen miteinander zu verknupfen.
Achieving fair service in large-scale multiple access networks

Providing fair share of bandwidth is critical to support communication-intensive applications in a shared-medium, capacity-constrained, large-scale infrastructureless wireless network. The proposed design has to be distributed, scalable and address the issue of location-dependent contention. In this paper, we present a novel packet scheduling solution that achieves distributed fair service in such multihop, multiple access wireless networks. Our design works well with the CSMA/CA MAC framework. We evaluate our proposed design through both analysis and simulations.
Discovery Processes: Trial Models

This chapter shows with examples how archaeologists can craft generalizations about discovery processes. The key is to appreciate that many discoveries are founded on the people–artifact interactions that yield new effects and discovery claims. The archaeologist can make comparisons among discoveries to discern patterns in apparatus and interactions that are susceptible to generalization. Accordingly, this chapter sets forth several generalizations about apparatus-intensive discovery processes: accident and serendipity, trial and error, trial and assess, employing a discovery machine, technology transfer, and taking the next step. Although many students of science are familiar with instances of these discovery processes, they had not been previously concerned about generalizing the people–artifact interactions involved.
Social Media in Society

Abstract The impact that social media has on society cannot be mistaken. An event happens, and 60 seconds later the world knows. Social media can deliver updated news, reveal the latest trends, and connect a global society with the click of a mouse. While we once waited for the newspapers or the evening news to define noteworthy events, now the world has multiple unauthorized reporters that publish the news from various perspectives. The abundance of information can be overwhelming. Yet, each day billions of people choose to add to online content. The availability of content implores society to evaluate sources of information. From politics, to education, family dynamics, and employment, this chapter discusses how social media has changed societal norms.
American tropics: the Caribbean roots of biodiversity science

Biodiversity is a concept central to contemporary conservation policy, a metric of species variation used to assess ecosystems around the globe. In American Tropics, Megan Raby looks at the history...
Instability of catenary-type flexible risers conveying fluid in subsea environments

Abstract As water depths for oil and gas exploration and extraction increase, structures such as flexible risers, mooring lines, and umbilical cables are increasingly being used for subsea environments. Compared to conventional fixed-type structures and vertical risers, the dynamics of flexible risers is significantly more complex. In particular, the flexible structures may be prone to dynamic instabilities. The goal of the present paper is to provide a comprehensive study of the dynamics, stability, and vibration of flexible risers. We use Kirchhoff's theory of an extensible, flexible rod that resists torsion to develop a set of nonlinear equations for the dynamics of risers. The resulting model incorporates drag and the effects of the fluid being transported internally. Using a nonlinear stability criterion, our analyses show the nonlinear stability of a simple catenary-type riser modeled either as an inextensible or extensible string. For the more advanced rod models, we use a linear stability analysis to show how the internal fluid being conveyed can destabilize certain static configurations.
Nanoscale Perovskites as Catalysts and Supports for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells

With the ultimate goal of simultaneously finding cost-effective, more earth-abundant, and high-performance alternatives to commercial Pt/Pd-based catalysts for electrocatalysis, this review article highlights advances in the use of perovskite metal oxides as both catalysts and catalyst supports towards the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and the methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) within a direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) configuration. Specifically, perovskite metal oxides are promising as versatile functional replacements for conventional platinum-group metals, in part because of their excellent ionic conductivity, overall resistance to corrosion, good proton-transport properties, and potential for interesting acidic surface chemistry, all of which contribute to their high activity and reasonable stability, especially within an alkaline electrolytic environment.
Clinical Presentation and Outcome in Autoimmune Encephalitis Associated With N-Type Voltage-Gated Calcium Channels in Children.

Objective:We present the diagnostic and clinical course of the first multicenter case series of pediatric patients with autoimmune encephalitis associated with N-type voltage-gated calcium channel ...
Use of filbertworm (Cydia latiferreana) mating disruption within a hazelnut IPM program.

Abstract The management of filbertworm, Cydia latiferreana (Walsingham) using synthetically formulated pheromones for mating disruption was studied as an alternative to grower standard full-cover insecticide applications in the McKenzie River Valley of Oregon during 2012–2013. The data indicate a significant reduction of filbertworm caught in pheromone-baited traps in plots subject to mating disruption compared to grower standard plots during both experimental seasons. Supplemental insecticide applications were applied to the borders of mating disruption plots, and these plots received 80% less pesticide (9.6 of 48 ha sprayed) compared to grower standard plots. There were no differences in crop damage between mating disruption plots and grower standard plots. Over the whole experimental period, counts of filbert aphid, Myzocallis coryli (Goeze), a secondary pest of hazelnuts, were 1.27–1.5 times higher in grower standard plots compared to mating disruption plots and percent parasitism of M. coryli by the parasitoid Trioxys pallidus (Haliday) was 1.3 times greater in mating disruption plots compared to grower standard plots. This indicates that mating disruption may have the additional benefit of conserving natural enemies in the orchard due to reduced levels of full cover broad-spectrum insecticide use. The average cost of mating disruption ($136.41 ha-1) is comparable to that of chemical management of filbertworm ($129.68 ha-1). Together these data suggest that maing disruption of filbertworm in conjunction with appropriately timed border sprays can be used as a viable alternative to grower standard filbertworm management using full-cover insecticide applications.