cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Almost an Expert: The Effects of Rubrics and Expertise on Perceived Value of Crowdsourced Design Critiques

Expert feedback is valuable but hard to obtain for many designers. Online crowds can provide fast and affordable feedback, but workers may lack relevant domain knowledge and experience. Can expert rubrics address this issue and help novices provide expert-level feedback? To evaluate this, we conducted an experiment with a 2x2 factorial design. Student designers received feedback on a visual design from both experts and novices, who produced feedback using either an expert rubric or no rubric. We found that rubrics helped novice workers provide feedback that was rated nearly as valuable as expert feedback. A follow-up analysis on writing style showed that student designers found feedback most helpful when it was emotionally positive and specific, and that a rubric increased the occurrence of these characteristics in feedback. The analysis also found that expertise correlated with longer critiques, but not the other favorable characteristics. An informal evaluation indicates that experts may instead have produced value by providing clearer justifications.
Innovations in cement-based materials: Addressing sustainability in structural and infrastructure applications

Concrete is the most used material on Earth except for water. Thus, there is much to be gained through improvements in the manufacturing of cement and the production of concrete to meet societal demand in a sustainable manner. This article reviews recent developments in three areas that have the potential to transform the ways in which infrastructure is specified, designed, and constructed: (1) expanding the use of supplementary cementitious materials and the identification of alternative supplementary cementitious materials, (2) growing the use of alternative cements and binder technologies, and (3) developing alternative reinforcement options. Strategies to facilitate the transfer of these emerging and next-generation materials and technologies from the research arena into real structures are also discussed.
Discounted Cash-Flow Analysis of Capacity Expansion Investments by 0-1 Programming

Abstract The net present value criterion of discounted cash-flow analysis is the appropriate method for ranking the options in many capacity expansion decisions. This paper presents and discusses a 0-1 programming model that facilitates this type of analysis. Two actual implementations for Owens-Corning Fiberglas are discussed.
Climate drivers of seed production in Picea engelmannii and response to warming temperatures in the southern Rocky Mountains

The increases in seed output observed in this study may promote population fitness of P. engelmannii in the face of changing climate regimes and increasing frequencies of fire- and insect-related tree mortality in the Rocky Mountains. Since this species lacks a persistent seed bank, re-colonization of disturbed areas or dispersal to shifting habitats depends on adequate production of seed by surviving trees, which according to these analyses may be moderately enhanced by current climate trends. However, some evidence also indicates that increases in seed output will ultimately be constrained by threshold high temperatures in the seed maturation year.
Applying Psychological Theories to Promote Long-Term Maintenance of Health Behaviors:

Behavioral health theory provides a framework for researchers to design, implement, and evaluate the effects of health promotion programs. However, limited research has examined theories used in interventions to promote long-term maintenance of health behaviors. The purpose of this review was to evaluate the available literature and identify prominent behavioral health theories used in intervention research to promote maintenance of health behaviors. We reviewed theories used in intervention research assessing long-term maintenance (≥6 months postintervention) of physical activity, weight loss, and smoking cessation. Five prominent behavioral theories were referenced by the 34 studies included in the review: self-determination theory, theory of planned behavior, social cognitive theory, transtheoretical model, and social ecological model. Descriptions and examples of applications of these theories are provided. Implications for future research are discussed.
Speciation and species concepts in the Collybia dryophila complex

ABSTRACTSpeciation and species concepts were investigated for the Collybia dryophila complex. Mating compatibility studies show that all members of the C. dryophila complex have a heterothallic tet...
Making Professional Decisions in Research: Measurement and Key Predictors

The professional decision-making in research (PDR) measure was administered to 400 National Institutes of Health (NIH)-funded and industry-funded investigators, along with measures of cynicism, moral disengagement, compliance disengagement, impulsivity, work stressors, knowledge of responsible conduct of research (RCR), and socially desirable response tendencies. Negative associations were found for the PDR and measures of cynicism, moral disengagement, and compliance disengagement, while positive associations were found for the PDR and RCR knowledge and positive urgency, an impulsivity subscale. PDR scores were not related to socially desirable responding, or to measures of work stressors and the remaining impulsivity subscales. In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, lower moral disengagement scores, higher RCR knowledge, and identifying the United States as one's nation of origin emerged as key predictors of stronger performance on the PDR. The implications of these findings for understanding the measurement of decision-making in research and future directions for research and RCR education are discussed.
Gene mutations involved in febrile seizures

Febrile seizures(FSs) are a kind of special epilepsy syndrome characterized by a short duration of seizures occurred during onset of high fever.FSs show a genetic predisposition and in recent years,it is considered to have a polygenic basis.Many domestic and foreign researchers have done a lot of genetic researches and chromosome location of associated genes,and concluded that FSs are caused by ion channelopathies such as mutations in neuronal sodium channel protein gene or γ-aminobutyric acid type A(GABA) receptor genes.In this article,we reviewed progress in research on febrile seizures.
Interdisciplinary feature of knowmetrics

Taking the whole system of human knowledge as its research subject,knowmetrics is an emerging inter-disciplinary discipline that carries out a comprehensive study of the knowledge capacity of the society and the social relations of knowledge through such methods as quantitative analysis and computing technology.Knowmetrics is an interdisciplinary discipline.Using the version of CiteSpace 2.1.R16,we drew the maps of co-occurrence analysis and co-word analysis in order to promote the development of konwmetrics.The map of co-occurrence analysis shows the interdisciplinary feature and the core status of computer science,library and information scicence,and knowledge engineering.The map of co-word analysis shows the 15 main research fields of Knowmetrics.The core research fields are knowledge management and mapping knowledge domains.
Supplementary Damping Control of TCSC for Subsynchronous Oscillation Suppression

The damping effect of thyristor controlled series compensator (TCSC) on subsynchronous oscillation (SSO) is affected by various factors and the conclusions of relevant reported researches differ from one another,so the effect on suppressing SSO only by its own characteristics of TCSC should be further researched later. At present it is necessary to research supplementary damping control of TCSC for SSO suppression in the viewpoint of active suppression means to offer more reliable ensurement for the suppression of SSO. Based on the mechanism of torsional interaction the principle of suppressing SSO is further analyzed,and a phase compensation principle based supplementary damping control method of TCSC for SSO suppression is proposed. Based on dynamic phasor method a certain practical series compensation system is modeled and by means of small signal stability analysis the modal damping ratios before and after the adoption of designed supplementary damping control of TCSC are compared. The results show that using designed supplementary damping control,the system damping increases greatly and is positive at all torsional mode frequencies. The effectiveness of the designed supplementary damping control is also verified by time-domain simulation results.
Frege, Meaning and Communication

In Dialogue de connexione inter verba et res, Leibniz was concerned with the question as to what entity should bear the predicate ‘is true’. The discussion pertains to the question whether ‘is true’ should be ascribed to “things” or to “thoughts”. The property of being true, Leibniz observed, cannot be ascribed to thoughts since a truth, for instance, that the surface described by a fixed length on a plane is a circle does not depend on the fact that it be thought. But the predicate ‘is true’ cannot be ascribed to things either. As Leibniz sees it, whatever can be said to be true can also in principle be called false but, according to Leibniz, it does not make sense to say that things are false. Leibniz takes the solution to consist in ascribing truth to neither the former nor the latter but to what he calls propositio or cogitationes possibile (possible thoughts). Notwithstanding certain definitional qualifications,1 it is to this Lebnizian idea -which he also ascribes to the Stoics — that Bolzano appeals when he asserts that he was not the first to have put forward the notion of a Satz and sich (cf. Bolzano 1837, §21, 84, 85).
Intergovernmental Relations and Market Development

Over the past 15 years, China has made tremendous progress towards deregulating its old planning system. A major form of such deregulation has been the decentralization of authority to lower levels of government in the areas of enterprise ownership, taxation, government spending, credit allocation, investment project approval rights, price and wage control, foreign trade management, the formation of industrial policies, and so on. While this form of deregulation has provided the localities with enormous incentives and autonomy in adopting policies for regional development, it has had a serious side-effect as local governments have tended to abuse their administrative and regulatory powers to restrict competition in order to protect the local economies. These activities have impeded commodity flows and enterprise mergers and acquisition across regions and sectors, and exposed business transactions to the risks of ad hoc local government intervention.
Probing the Hardest Branching within Jets in Heavy-Ion Collisions

Heavy ion collisions present exciting opportunities to study the effects of quantum coherence in the formation of subatomic particle showers. We report on the first calculation of the momentum sharing and angular separation distributions between the leading subjets inside a reconstructed jet in such collisions. These observables are directly sensitive to the hardest branching within jets and can probe the early stage of the jet formation. We find that the leading-order medium-induced splitting functions, here obtained in the framework of soft-collinear effective theory with Glauber gluon interactions, capture the essential many-body physics, which is different from proton-proton reactions. Qualitative and in most cases quantitative agreement between theory and preliminary CMS measurements suggests that hard parton branching in strongly interacting matter can be dramatically modified. We also propose a new measurement that will illuminate its angular structure.
Physical activity perceptions, context, barriers, and facilitators from a Hispanic child’s perspective

Background : In order to develop effective physical activity interventions and to address the burden of obesity in Hispanic children, qualitative studies are needed to build descriptive theory and expand the state of the science. The purpose of this study is to describe physical activity perceptions, context, facilitators, and barriers from the perspective of Hispanic immigrant-origin children. Method : This in-depth, ethnographic study included 14, 6- to 11-year old, first- and second- generation Hispanic children recruited from an afterschool program in Southeastern Pennsylvania, USA. Methods included child observation, field notes, semi-structured interviews, and a PhotoVoice activity. Transcripts and field notes were coded and analyzed using the constant comparison method to identify overarching themes and patterns in the data. Results : Data analysis yielded four overarching themes regarding children’s perspectives on physical activity. Children engaged in a variety of physical activities and sedentary behaviors, which differed by physical (e.g., park, outside home, and afterschool programs) and social (e.g., parents, siblings, and friends) contexts. Children discussed specific benefits of physical activity. Children’s negative attitudes toward physical activity were related to physical discomfort, low athletic competence, and safety concerns. Children perceived physical activity and play to be one in the same, and “fun” was identified as a primary driver of physical activity preferences. The facilitators and barriers to physical activity were related to specific parent/home, school, and neighborhood factors. Conclusion : Findings from this study suggest that an emphasis on fun and active play, while taking into account family and neighborhood context, may be a desirable intervention approach in Hispanic immigrant-origin children. This study lays the groundwork for future studies to further explore some of the themes identified here to better understand children’s conceptualization of and experience with physical activity. Such research may inform the design of programs to increase physical activity or active play, and ultimately promote health and well-being, in this at-risk population. Key words: Child, exercise, sedentary behavior, immigrant, qualitative research (Published: 16 August 2016) Citation: Int J Qualitative Stud Health Well-being 2016, 11: 31949 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/qhw.v11.31949
Automated inference of shilling behavior in online auction systems

Auction frauds develop in online auctions as online auction platforms expand in use. Shill bidding is one of the most prevalent forms of auction frauds that violate the integrity of online auctions. A shill is a person who pretends to be a legitimate buyer and feigns enthusiasm for an auctioned item by bidding up the auction price. Although the punishment for auction fraud could be severe (e.g., several years in prison with fines), shill bidding is still very popular. One primary reason is the lack of effective shill detection techniques in current online auction systems. Shill inference in online auctions is a difficult problem due to the characteristic of concealment of shill bidding activities and the anonymous nature of online applications. Shill bidding usually occurs without leaving obvious direct physical evidence, thus it cannot be easily noticed by the victims. In addition, because online auction users do not deal with each other face to face, acquired “hints” or evidence of shilling behavior generally involves uncertainty, thus making the investigation even more challenging. We propose to design an automated and effective approach to infer shills in online auction systems. To assist the investigation, we conducted an empirical study on the relationship between final auction price and shill bidding activity. Based on a predicted price, the actual price can help distinguish trustworthy auctions from likely shill-infected auctions. To infer exact shills, we propose to formalize various auction-level indicators and bid-level indicators that support shill bidding as well as innocent bidding. Since each indicator can involve uncertainty, we employ a formal reasoning technique, Dempster-Shafer (D-S) theory, to model the uncertainties associated with different indicators that pertain to varied aspects of an auction. This allows us to explicitly represent the uncertainties and combine knowledge from different sources to produce an aggregated assessment of trustworthiness.
Cretaceous origin of dogwoods: an anatomically preserved Cornus (Cornaceae) fruit from the Campanian of Vancouver Island.

BACKGROUND Cornaceae consists of 58 species, all within the genus Cornus. The Cenozoic record of Cornus is extensive and well documented. Molecular divergence-time studies suggest that crown-group Cornus may have originated by the Late Cretaceous. However, there has been no formal report of Cornus from Cretaceous deposits. Here, we characterize a permineralized fossil fruit assignable to Cornus subg. Cornus from the Upper Cretaceous (Campanian) Shelter Point locality of Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada. METHODS Serial sections of the specimen were made using the cellulose acetate peel technique. Peels were mounted onto microscope slides and studied by light microscopy. RESULTS The fossil fruit consists of a tri-locular woody endocarp with dorsal germination valves. The locules are sub-triangular to ellipsoidal in transverse section and are separated by thin septa. Endocarp tissue consists of elongated and isodiametric sclereids and secretory cavities. Internal vascular tissue was not observed, but is interpreted to have been located along the outer periphery of the septa for some length, common in many cornalean taxa. There is one seed in each locule, one of which was found to have endosperm and a dicotyledonous embryo. DISCUSSION Woody endocarps with germination valves, without central vascular bundles, and with one seed per locule are characteristic of several families within the order Cornales. The interpreted vascular pattern and presence of secretory cavities indicates that the fossil fruit is assignable to Cornus subg. Cornus. Comparative analysis suggests that the fossil is most similar to Cornus piggae, a species described from the Paleocene of North Dakota. This fossil is the first evidence of crown-group Cornaceae from the Cretaceous and sheds light on both the plesiomorphic fruit characters and the timing of the initial diversification of the family and basal asterid lineage, Cornales.
Exploring social television, opinion leaders, and Twitter audience reactions to Diane Sawyer's coming out interview with Caitlyn Jenner

ABSTRACTWith increasing visibility in both fictional and nonfictional media, transgender individuals have become a staple of the media landscape. Nonetheless, the general public has been slow to warm to transgender individuals and the rights of this community of people. The present study explored the audience reception to Caitlyn Jenner's coming out interview with Diane Sawyer. Examining Twitter conversations as part of a social television experience, this paper focuses on the types of words and phrases used in response to the interview, the themes that were present in the conversation, and the opinion leaders who helped to shape the discussion. Co-occurrence of themes was also explored. Results indicated an overwhelmingly positive response from live tweeters watching Jenner's coming out interview, led by a small but influential group of celebrities and media personalities such as Oprah Winfrey and Perez Hilton. Top themes included support, gender, journey to truth, family drama, and bravery. The results ...
Toward a better understanding of conjugated polymer blends with non-spherical small molecules: coupling of molecular structure to polymer chain microstructure

A major obstacle in the organic solar cell field is the inability to predict the relevant microstructural length scales that determine charge transport of the interpenetrating polymer/small molecule network based on the component chemical structures. This has led to a trial-and-error approach, which is extremely labor-intensive. This manuscript is our attempt to move toward forming a link between small molecule chemical structure and the morphological hierarchy of the blend. We focus on geometric motifs of small molecule organic semiconductors which have 2D, nonspherical 3D, and quasispherical 3D molecular orbital extent. We find that phase separation in these blends is a function of the molecular structure, and that the small molecule chemical structure is coupled to the crystallite orientation distribution of the polymer matrix. We further find that the ability of a molecule to form a network with a well-defined length scale of phase separation depends on the polymer persistence length.
The hierarchical energy management control for residential energy harvesting system

A hierarchical energy management system (EMS) for a residential power router is proposed to further reduce costs and stabilize the voltage of a load. There are ten modes of the EMS including three grid-connected modes and seven islanding modes. The state machine diagram shows the transition into and out of these modes. These transitions are based on switching criteria, over generation conditions, and under generation conditions. In comparison to previously published EMS, the proposed EMS could effectively minimize the expense on residential electrical utilities for daily cycling and stabilize the voltage of load when off-grid. The operations of the EMS are based on the local information such as current and voltage without needing the prediction of load and solar illumination. Simulation results reported in this paper verify the functionality of the proposed EMS for the system.
Technologizing Transcendence: A Critique of Transhumanism

We live in interesting, uncertain, and confusing times in which the human species is subject to massive technologization. New scientific advances and the emergence of new technologies such as nanotechnology, biotechnology, genomics, robotics, informatics, telecommunication, and applied cognitive science have given rise to a new situation in which the human has become a design project. Promoting the technologization of the human species, transhumanism has become a cultural presence that expresses the Zeitgeist of our technological age. Transhumanist themes, vocabulary, values, and style frame contemporary film, science fiction, horror genre, video games, performance art, new media art, literature, and cyberpunk. This chapter argues that what gives coherence to the disparate themes of the transhumanist discourse is the quest of transcendence. The chapter analyzes how transhumanism seeks to attain transcendence by means of technology and how it conceptualizes transcendence in technological categories. This shows that the transhumanist discourse is replete with tensions and even contradictions due to the difference between “horizontal” transcendence and “vertical” transcendence: Whereas the former is about “improving” humanity so as to transcend its biological limits, the latter is about making humanity obsolete.
Genomic P elements and P-M characteristics of eastern Australian populations of Drosophila melanogaster.

As part of our effort to monitor changes in the clinal pattern of P element-associated traits in eastern Australian Drosophila melanogaster, we investigated the genomic P elements of 293 isofemale lines collected in the period 1991–1994 from 45 localities. P elements were present in many copies in all genomes examined, with full-size P and KP element size classes accounting for the large majority. SR elements were not present in at least 92% of the lines tested. South of about 26° south Latitude (°SLat), the ratio of KP to full-size P elements (KP/P ratio) increased, correlating weakly with the P-M phenotypes of the populations, from moderately P populations (26–29°SLat) to M populations (37–38°SLat) North of 26°SLat, in weak P populations, the KP/P ratio was higher than between 26 and 29°Slat. The KP/P ratio appears to be higher in the northern populations than it was when previous studies were done. Overall, a high KP/P ratio among lines correlated roughly with a lack of P activity, but it also correlated with reduced repressor function. In a sample of 30 lines, a maternal effect of repressor function did not show a pattern with latitude, nor with KP/P ratio, nor with presence or absence of P activity.
Letter by Smilowitz Regarding Article, "Three-Vessel Assessment of Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction in Patients With Clinical Suspicion of Ischemia: Prospective Observational Study With the Index of Microcirculatory Resistance".

Coronary microvascular disease (CMD) is an important mechanism of ischemia and an emerging predictor of adverse cardiovascular outcomes, but the optimal approach to invasive measurement remains uncertain. In the multicenter study titled Three-Vessel Assessment of Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction in Patients With Clinical Suspicion of Ischemia: Prospective Observational Study With the Index of Microcirculatory Resistance, Kobayashi et al1 report a similar prevalence of CMD in each of the major epicardial coronary arteries, …
Review of Recent Developments in Multiple Reference Impact Testing (MRIT)

Impact testing was one of the first practical applications of the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) technique in the late 60s. Prior to the development of the FFT, measuring the Frequency Response Function (FRF) was limited to sinusoidal testing procedures. The sine testing methods were slow, and required elaborate fixtures for excitation (electro-mechanical or hydraulic exciters). Impact testing had an order of magnitude faster test time and minimal fixtures. As a result, it became a very good field testing and trouble shooting method, as well as a pretesting method for controlled laboratory testing. In this paper a general review of the evolution of impact testing from its development in the 60s and 70s to the present time, with a more extensive review of recent developments in testing procedures and parameter estimation for Multiple Reference Impact Testing (MRIT).
Out of the Shadows, Into the Streets!: Transmedia Organizing and the Immigrant Rights Movement

For decades, social movements have vied for attention from the mainstream mass media -- newspapers, radio, and television. Today, many argue that social media power social movements, from the Egyptian revolution to Occupy Wall Street. Yet, as Sasha Costanza-Chock reports, community organizers know that social media enhance, rather than replace, face-to-face organizing. The revolution will be tweeted, but tweets alone do not the revolution make. In Out of the Shadows, Into the Streets! Costanza-Chock traces a much broader social movement media ecology. Through a richly detailed account of daily media practices in the immigrant rights movement, he argues that there is a new paradigm of social movement media making: transmedia organizing. Despite the current spotlight on digital media, he finds, social movement media practices tend to be cross-platform, participatory, and linked to action. Immigrant rights organizers leverage social media creatively, even as they create media ranging from posters and street theater to Spanish-language radio, print, and television. Drawing on extensive interviews, workshops, and media organizing projects, Costanza-Chock presents case studies of transmedia organizing in the immigrant rights movement over the last decade. Chapters focus on the historic mass protests against the anti-immigrant Sensenbrenner Bill; coverage of police brutality against peaceful activists; efforts to widen access to digital media tools and skills for low-wage immigrant workers; paths to participation in DREAM activism; and the implications of professionalism for transmedia organizing. These cases show us how savvy transmedia organizers work to strengthen movement identity, win political and economic victories, and transform public consciousness forever.
A Tailorable Environment for Assessing the Quality of Deployment Architectures in Highly Distributed Settings

A distributed software system’s deployment architecture can have a significant impact on the system’s properties. These properties will depend on various system parameters, such as network bandwidth, frequencies of software component interactions, and so on. Existing tools for representing system deployment lack support for specifying, visualizing, and analyzing different factors that influence the quality of a deployment, e.g., the deployment’s impact on the system’s availability. In this paper, we present an environment that supports flexible and tailorable specification, manipulation, visualization, and (re)estimation of deployment architectures for large-scale, highly distributed systems. The environment has been successfully used to explore large numbers of postulated deployment architectures. It has also been integrated with a middleware platform to support the exploration of deployment architectures of actual distributed systems.
Cytoplasmic Contractile Proteins

Cytoplasmic contractile proteins have been studied extensively since the late 1960ies, when they were recognized as major components of the cytoplasm of essentially all eukaryotic cells. However, cytoplasmic contractility was considered an important property of living cells already 150 years ago, when the concept of the cell as the unit of life was first emerging. In 1835, Dujardin proposed that the cytoplasm is structured and has both elastic and contractile properties. He described the sticky material that emerges from squashed cells as a homogeneous, hyahne, living substance (“gelee vivante”) and named it the “sarcode”. Durjadin’s idea of the homogenous sarcode was replaced at the turn of the century by a new concept which viewed the cytoplasm as a heterogenous and highly structured substance. Observations during the first half of this century added the notion that the cytoplasm has a characteristic “viscosity” (Heilbrunn 1926). However, once the complexities of the relationship between the mechanical and contractile properties of the cytoplasm and its supramolecular architecture were realized, the thought that the cytoplasm could be characterized by a single physical parameter, its viscosity, was abandoned. In 1939, Lewis developed the remarkably accurate view that the cytoplasm is pervaded by “extremely large and asymmetrical molecules which presumably form long fibers on gelation” and also can exert “contractile tension”.
Iodide-induced differential control of metal ion reduction rates: synthesis of terraced palladium–copper nanoparticles with dilute bimetallic surfaces

Metal nanoparticles possessing a high density of atomic steps and edge sites provide an increased population of undercoordinated surface atoms, which can enhance the catalytic activity of these materials compared to low-index faceted or bulk materials. Simply increasing reactivity, however, can lead to a concurrent increase in undesirable, non-selective side products. The incorporation of a second metal at these reactive stepped features provides an ideal avenue for finely attenuating reactivity to increase selectivity. A major challenge in synthesizing bimetallic nanomaterials with tunable surface features that are desirable for fundamental catalytic studies is a need to bridge differences in precursor reduction potentials and metal lattice parameters in structures containing both a noble metal and a non-noble metal. We report the use of low micromolar concentrations of iodide ions as a means of differentially controlling the relative reduction rates of a noble metal (palladium) and a non-noble metal (copper). The iodide in this system increases the rate of reduction of palladium ions while concurrently slowing the rate of copper ion reduction, thus providing a degree of control that is not achievable using most other reported means of tuning metal ion reduction rate. This differential control of metal ion reduction afforded by iodide ions enables access to nanoparticle growth conditions in which control of palladium nanoparticle growth by copper underpotential deposition becomes possible, leading to the generation of unique terraced bimetallic particles. Because of their bimetallic surface composition, these terraced nanoparticles exhibit increased selectivity to acetaldehyde in gas phase ethanol oxidation.
Interventions for Transitioning Adolescents with ADHD to Emerging Adulthood: Developmental Context and Empirically-Supported Treatment Principles

ABSTRACTThe developmental transition between adolescence to emerging adulthood (ages 18–25) is a critical juncture—particularly for individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)....
Patterns of care and survival impact of adjuvant chemoradiotherapy for oropharyngeal cancer with intermediate‐risk features

Background Survival outcomes for adjuvant chemoradiotherapy (aCRT) and adjuvant radiotherapy (aRT) were compared in patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) with intermediate-risk features. Methods We identified 2164 patients with OPSCC in the National Cancer Database without positive margins or extracapsular extension and with at least one intermediate-risk feature: pT3-T4 disease, ≥two positive lymph nodes, level IV/V nodal disease, and/or lymphovascular invasion. We assessed predictors of aCRT use and covariables impacting overall survival. Results aCRT was commonly used for both human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive (62.0%) and HPV-negative (64.3%) patients with OPSCC. Higher N stage, level IV/V neck disease, and younger age strongly predicted aCRT utilization. There was no significant survival benefit associated with aCRT vs aRT in HPV-positive (hazard ratio [HR], 0.93; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.62-1.38; P = .71) or HPV-negative (HR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.51-1.10; P = .15) disease. Conclusions Despite high rates of utilization, aCRT is not associated with better survival vs aRT for OPSCC with intermediate-risk features, including HPV-negative tumors.
Perceived need, barriers to and facilitators of mental health care among HIV-infected PWID in Hanoi, Vietnam: a qualitative study.

The HIV epidemic in Vietnam has been primarily driven by injection drug use. HIV-infected people who inject drugs (PWID) in Vietnam have very high rates of mental health problems, which can accelerate progression to AIDS and increase mortality rates. No research has explored the barriers and facilitators of mental health care for HIV-infected PWID in Vietnam. We conducted 28 in-depth interviews among HIV-infected PWID (n = 16), HIV and MMT (methadone maintenance treatment) providers (n = 8), and health officials (n = 4) in Hanoi. We explored participants’ perceptions of mental health disorders, and barriers and facilitators to seeking and receiving mental health care. HIV-infected PWID were perceived by both PWID, HIV/MMT providers, and health officials to be vulnerable to mental health problems and to have great need for mental health care. Perceived social, physical, and economical barriers included stigma towards HIV, injection drug use, and mental illnesses; lack of awareness around mental health issues; lack of human resources, facilities and information on mental health services; and limited affordability of mental health services. Social support from family and healthcare providers was a perceived facilitator of mental health care. Interventions should raise self-awareness of HIV-infected PWID about common mental health problems; address social, physical, economic barriers to seeking mental health services; and increase social support for patients.
Reciprocity Calibration of TDD MIMO Channel for Interference Alignment

Interference alignment (IA) is a promising technique to boost the Multiple-input Multiple-output (MIMO) network throughput. Concurrent data transmission links between multiple pairs of transmitters (TX) and receivers (RX) can be established in the same spectrum via cooperation. To make the channel state information (CSI) available on the transmitter side, channel reciprocity in time division duplex (TDD) networks is assumed by a large number of distributed IA algorithms. The physical channel is reciprocal, but nevertheless the channel considered by IA is not, because it also involves the radio frequency (RF) front ends of the transceiver, which are different circuits for transmit and receive modes individually. The difference between the two circuits yields mismatch between the forward and backward channels. Given the mutual coupling effect of the antenna array, the channel’s non-symmetry is further complicated. In this paper, we provide the modeling of the non-reciprocity for the TDD MIMO channels and propose a corresponding calibration method to minimize the mismatch. Experimental validation has been conducted with classic distributed IA algorithms. The results highlight the indispensability of the reciprocity calibration for approaching the network capacity gain promised by IA.
Striatal Nurr1, but not FosB expression links a levodopa-induced dyskinesia phenotype to genotype in Fisher 344 vs. Lewis hemiparkinsonian rats.

Abstract Numerous genes, and alterations in their expression, have been identified as risk factors for developing levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID). However, our understanding of the complexities of molecular changes remains insufficient for development of clinical treatment. In the current study we used gene array, in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry, and microdialysis to provide a unique compare and contrast assessment of the relationship of four candidate genes to LID, employing three genetically distinct rat strains (Sprague-Dawley (SD), Fischer-344 (F344) and Lewis-RT.1) showing differences in dyskinesia susceptibility and ‘first-ever LID’ versus ‘chronic LID’ expression in subjects displaying equal dyskinesia severity. In these studies, rat strains were easily distinguishable for their LID propensity with: 1) a majority of SD rats expressing LID (LID+) and a subset being resistant (LID-); 2) all F344 rats readily developing (LID+); and 3) all Lewis rats being LID-resistant (LID-). Following chronic levodopa, LID+ SD rats showed significant increases in candidate gene expression: Nr4a2/(Nurr1) > > Trh > Inhba = Fosb. However, SD rats with long-standing striatal dopamine (DA) depletion treated with first-ever versus chronic high-dose levodopa revealed that d espite identical levels of LID severity: 1) Fosb and Nurr1 transcripts but not protein were elevated with acute LID expression; 2) FOSB/ΔFOSB and NURR1 proteins were elevated only with chronic LID; and 3) Trh transcript and protein were elevated only with chronic LID. Strikingly, despite similar levodopa-induced striatal DA release in both LID-expressing F344 and LID-resistant Lewis rats, Fosb, Trh, Inhba transcripts were significantly elevated in both strains; however, Nurr1 mRNA was significantly increased only in LID+ F344 rats. These findings suggest a need to reevaluate currently accepted genotype-to-phenotype relationships in the expression of LID, specifically that of Fosb, a transcription factor generally assumed to play a causal role, and Nurr1, a transcription factor that has received significant attention in PD research linked to its critical role in the survival and function of midbrain DA neurons but who's striatal expression, generally below levels of detection, has remained largely unexplored as a regulator of LID. Finally these studies introduce a novel ‘model’ (inbred F344 vs inbred Lewis) that may provide a powerful tool for investigating the role for ‘dyskinesia-resistance’ genes downstream of ‘dyskinesia-susceptibility’ genes in modulating LID expression, a concept that has received considerably less attention and offers a new ways of thinking about antidyskinetic therapies.
A knowledge, attitudes and practices survey for medical trainees about cancer in the LGBTQ community.

e19073Background: The purpose of our study was to assess the extent of knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding cancer in the LGBTQ community among medical students and resident physicians at t...
A Solid-State Charge Detector With Gain Calibration Using Photocurrent

We describe a charge detector that utilizes a high-gain, differential solid-state amplifier with active reset and a novel technique to measure the gain using a custom optoelectronic system. Implemented in a 180-nm complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) process, the amplifier realizes a high gain of $8.9~\mu \text{V}/\text{e}-$ and single-pass rms noise of 475e− for 10-ms time interval with a 300-kHz low-pass filter corner. Operating at a sampling frequency of 10 kHz, the active reset extends the dynamic range of the detector. The amplifier is the first instance of a charge detector that combines a differential topology, active reset, and small feedback capacitors for low-noise, high-gain, high-dynamic-range, and robust operations. The proposed optoelectronic test system injects an adjustable input photocurrent as low as 33 pA to precisely quantify the detector’s gain without the need for a known calibration capacitance. The amplifier is directly wire-bonded to a PCB that has a built-in 1-cm2 Faraday cup. The gain and noise performance have been characterized for a range of input capacitance, and the results show good agreement with simulations. The test system additionally demonstrates the ability to inject a time-varying input at the picoamphere levels to characterize the dynamic response of the detector. An electrospray system confirms that the detector responds to free-space charge and that it can process an input as large as 56 000e− without saturation. The compact and high sensitivity design qualify the device for use in charge detection applications, such as mass spectrometry and space instruments.
Electrodeposited Zinc-Based Films as Anodes for Aqueous Zinc Batteries.

Zinc-based batteries have attracted extensive attention in recent years, due to high safety, high capacities, environmental friendliness, and low cost compared to lithium-ion batteries. However, th...
Optimized SEEG-guided radiofrequency thermocoagulation in the treatment of pediatric hypothalamic hamartomas.

Abstract Purpose This study investigated the role of one-stage stereo-array radiofrequency thermocoagulation based on stereotactic electroencephalography in the treatment of pediatric hypothalamic hamartomas. Methods We analyzed the clinical data of 28 patients with hypothalamic hamartoma. A high-density focal stereo-array electrode implantation strategy was adopted. Stereotactic electroencephalography guided bipolar coagulations were performed between two contiguous contacts of the same electrode, or between two adjacent contacts of different electrodes. Patients with hypothalamic hamartoma were divided into two groups based on hamartoma size (maximum diameter Results Surgical procedures were well tolerated and no repeated surgery was performed. The median number of electrodes implanted in the two groups was significantly different (p = 0.0009), as well as the median number of contacts where radiofrequency thermocoagulation was applied (p = 0.0006). Moreover, the number of implanted electrodes and contacts used for thermocoagulation were positively correlated with the hamartoma volume (Spearman's rho = 0.7074, p＜0.0001 and Spearman's rho = 0.7435, p＜0.0001, respectively). The overall seizure-free rate was 82.1 %, with 92.9 % of the patients having favorable outcomes for at least 12 months of follow-up. Seizure outcomes between two groups were not statistically significant (p = 0.3138). Conclusion One-stage high-density focal stereo-array stereotactic electroencephalography guided radiofrequency thermocoagulation using cross-bonded electrode contacts for ablation range expansion is a safe and effective surgical approach for children with hypothalamic hamartoma.
Pharmacotherapy for Preschool Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): Current Status and Future Directions

In this review, we consider issues relating to the pharmacological treatment of young children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). ADHD in preschool-age children has a profound impact on psychosocial function and developmental trajectory. Clinical studies on pharmacotherapies for ADHD in young children have expanded rapidly in the past 2 decades, providing some evidence of efficacy for both psychostimulant and non-psychostimulant medications. However, preschool children may be more susceptible to adverse effects of medications, including growth reduction and cardiovascular side effects. Many questions remain regarding the long-term safety and effectiveness of these interventions; thus more research is needed to help clinicians evaluate the risk-benefit ratio for preschoolers with ADHD. As this body of knowledge grows, providers should consider the level of impairment caused by current symptoms in the risk-benefit analysis. Families should be educated not just about potential effects of medication but known complications of untreated ADHD; parents will likely not fully appreciate the long-term psychological effects of chronic behavioral problems and underachievement on a young child. A blanket "wait and see" approach should be avoided, in order to prevent a permanent loss of self-esteem and motivation that may affect some children throughout their lifespan.
Revealing Intention In Health-related Peer Interactions: Implications For Optimizing Patient Engagement In Self-health Management

Risky health behaviors such as poor diet, physical inactivity are the main contributors to the development of diabetes, one of the major causes of death and disability in the United States. Online health communities provide new avenues for individuals to efficiently manage their health conditions and adopt a positive lifestyle. So far, analysis of health-related online social exchanges has focused solely on communication content and structure of social ties, ignoring implicit user intentions underlying communication exchanges. In this paper, we propose an analytical framework to characterize communication intent, content, and social ties in online peer interactions. We integrate models from socio-behavioral sciences and linguistics with network analytics and apply it to understand Diabetes Self-Management. Results indicate the informational needs of users expressed in forms of speech acts can vary across different user engagement and disease management profiles. Implications for the design of interventions for better self-management of diabetes are discussed.
Loss of LrrK2 Function Potentiates Dopamine Signaling in the Striatum to Promote Compulsive Alcohol Use

Long-lasting plastic changes in the striatum play a central role in driving the transition from hedonic to compulsive alcohol drinking, a hallmark of alcohol use disorders. It is known that the propensity to undergo this transition varies with the individual, yet the underlying molecular mechanisms are not well understood. Here, we report that the Parkinson’s-related protein Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) plays a role in in this transition to compulsive alcohol drinking by modulating the function of dopamine D1 receptors within the striatonigral pathway. We find that alcohol decreases LRRK2 kinase activity in the dorsal striatum and that deletion of the Lrrk2 gene specifically from D1-expressing striatal neurons promotes compulsive-like alcohol drinking in mice by strengthening D1 receptor signaling and function. These findings identify a novel role for Lrrk2 in the striatum and suggest that Lrrk2 function promotes resilience for compulsive alcohol drinking and the development of alcohol use disorders.