cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Monoamniotic Twin Pregnancy Discordant for Body Stalk Anomaly Case Report With Nosologic Implications

ultiple pregnancies, especially if monozygotic, are at increased risk for fetal malformations. The spectrum of fetal ventral disruption syndromes, variably described as limb-body wall complex or body stalk anomaly, appears to occur more frequently in monozygotic twins than in singletons.1 The anomaly can be detected on sonography as early as the end of the first trimester.2 When the cases diagnosed by antenatal sonography are considered, the incidence in the general obstetric population is about 1 per 7500 pregnancies.3 Because of the high rate of subsequent intrauterine death, the incidence at birth is much lower, about 0.32 per 100,000 births.4 The fetal ventral disruption syndromes are almost uniformly lethal and must therefore be distinguished from other nonlethal fetal abdominal wall defects, such as gastroschisis or omphalocele. Gastroschisis is usually an isolated right paraumbilical defect, easy to diagnose. The differential diagnosis of omphalocele may be more challenging because this midline defect is frequently associated with other anomalies and sometimes more severe midline disruptions in a cephalad direction, as in pentalogy of Cantrell, or caudal direction, as in cloacal exstrophy. The limb-body wall complex or body stalk anomaly is even more complex, usually including larger body wall defects, marked scoliosis, umbilical cord abnormalities, and evisceration of abdominal contents into the exocoelomic cavity. In multiple pregnancies, midline disruption syndromes have been reported in both monozygotic and polyzygotic cases, the typical situation being concordant monozygotic and discordant polyzygotic. The literature between 1965 and November 2004 was searched for articles dealing with fetal ventral disruption syndromes occurring in multiple pregnancies. We used the MEDLINE bibliographic database, using a combination of key words, including multiple pregnancy, twins, body stalk anomaly, and limb-body wall complex. All references in the retrieved articles were screened for further articles. The search yielded 16 cases (Table 1). There were only 4 reports of monozygotic pregnancies discordant for such malformations, 2 of them occurring in a monoamniotic pregnancy. The first reported case of monoamniotic Received June 13, 2005, from the Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (A.C.V., J.B.S., E.R.Y.), and Department of Radiology (A.N.D.), University of Texas-Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas USA. Revision requested July 6, 2005. Revised manuscript accepted for publication August 1, 2005. Address correspondence to Alex C. Vidaeff, MD, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Texas-Houston Medical School, 6431 Fannin St, Suite 3.604, Houston, TX 77030 USA. E-mail: alex.c.vidaeff@uth.tmc.edu
Fatty Acid Compositions of Paracolons: Arizona, Citrobacter, and Providencia

The fatty acid compositions of stationary-phase cultures of Arizona arizonae, Citrobacter freundii, Providencia alcalifaciens, Providencia stuartii, and Providencia sp. were studied. The major fatty acids of A. arizonae, C. freundii, and Providencia were 16:0, 16:1, 17:cyclopropane, and 19:cyclopropane. The fatty acid compositions of the two strains of A. arizonae examined were similar to each other, but the three strains of C. freundii differed from one another in their fatty acid compositions. In both A. arizonae and C. freundii, the relative quantities of saturated, unsaturated, and cyclopropane fatty acids were similar to those which have been found in stationary-phase cultures of other members of the Enterobacteriaceae. The three strains of Providencia also differed from one another in their fatty acid compositions. In all three strains, the total quantity of unsaturated fatty acids was larger and that of the cyclopropane fatty acids was smaller than those found in stationary-phase cultures of other enteric bacteria.
Multiple Scattering of Light in a Spherical Cometary Atmosphere with an Axisymmetric Dust Jet: II. Image Simulation

A numerical solution for the multiple light scattering in spherical axisymmetric geometry is applied to the simulation of images of a coma as it would appear to a near-flying satellite such as Giotto. The appearance of symmetric comas and dust jets is examined in detail; the nucleus visibility is studied; the effect of forward scattering is considered; and single and multiple scattering effects are quantified. Attention is given to simulated images of a coma with a hollow cone of dust, as predicted by dust-gas hydrodynamic modeling. The cone's appearance is very similar to the northern area of activity on Comet Halley, observed by the Giotto HMC.
Gauge invariant field theory of free strings

Abstract We present the gauge invariant and covariant equations of motion for free strings and superstrings, using a simple method of successive gauge transformations. Gauge invariance is enforced by introducing both subsidiary and Stueckelberg fields. We use methods of cohomology associated with the various Virasoro algebras, and derive the cohomology algebras associated with the boson and fermion sector of the open and closed superstrings.
Chasing legitimacy: the US National Music Standards viewed through a critical theorist framework

This study examines the US National Music Standards from two perspectives. The study situates the status of music education as a marginalized society and postulates that the standards are a byproduct of larger forces and powerful assumptions. In order to better understand how these forces might have influenced the development and adoption of the Music Standards document, the first perspective is an examination of the Music Standards through a theoretical framework provided by the critical theorists Paulo Freire, Henry Giroux, and Michael Apple. The second perspective compares the National Music Standards to the National Mathematics, Language Arts, Science, and History Standards in order to examine the ways in which those National Standards reflect a paradigm shift in the educational climate. While this study focused solely on the US National Music Standards document, the underlying critical theory framework provides a lens for examining the status of music education throughout the world. Freire wrote that...
Cutaneous Manifestations of Human Immunodeficiency Virus: a Clinical Update

Dermatologic diseases are common in the HIV-infected population. Many of the cutaneous diseases are not unique to this group, but the presentation can be more severe. Although the introduction of antiretroviral therapy has been followed by a decline in many of the skin diseases associated with HIV, drug reactions and other non-infectious skin conditions have increased. This article reviews the current spectrum of HIV-associated skin conditions, focusing on common complaints, infections, drug-associated toxicity and malignancies.
Flexible control for robot manipulators

We designed, implemented, and tested a real-time flexible controller for manipulating different types of robots and control algorithms. The robot-independent, IBM PC-based multiprocessor system contains a DSP56001 master controller, six independent HCTL-1100 joint processors for accurate robotic joint control, and an interface computer board for processor communication. The joint processors operate in four user-defined modes and can be connected directly to an incremental optical encoder, which accommodates specialized applications and eliminates extra hardware.
Photosynthesis in the Ocean as a Function of Light Intensity1

Photosynthesis was measured in 14 species of marine plankton algae in relation to light intensites within the entire range to which natural phytoplankton populations may be exposed. A mean curve was constructed showing relative photosynthesis in marine phytoplankton as related to light intensity. From this curve and surface radiation data, relative values for photosynthesis were determined throughout the day at the surface and at depths in the ocean at which the surface intensity is reduced by given amounts. Integration of these values over the entire day gave values for daily relative photosynthesis at each depth considered, and integration of the daily values with depth resulted in a single figure for daily relative photosynthesis beneath a unit of sea surface. An empirically derived relationship was discovered between daily surface radiation and daily relative photosynthesis within the water column. From this relationship the effect of light intensity upon photosynthesis throughout the year at a temperate latitude was demonstrated. A preliminary method is described for estimating absolute daily photosynthesis beneath a square meter of sea surface from measurement of (1) photosynthesis of a sample of the population at light saturation, (2) the extinction coefficient of light in the water, and (3) the daily surface radiation. From an estimate of the ratio of photosynthesis to respiration at light saturation, the daily ratio P:R for the entire population is calculated. It is shown that phytoplankton populations cannot photosynthesize sufficiently to compensate for their own respiration during periods of low solar radiation, as may occur in the winter months at temperate or northern latitudes.
Quantifying BMP2 Dynamics during Stem Cell Differentiation using, Real Time Imaging, Combined Confocal AFM and Systems Biology Approaches

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP2) are key regulators during mesenchymal stem (MSC) cell differentiation; however how these growth factors achieve lineage specification is not well understood. BMP-2, a frequently studied BMP, is known to induce adipogenesis, chondrogenesis and osteogenesis in MSCs, however the exact dynamics leading to the determination of the fate of the stem cell is not well understood. We hypothesize those regions on the plasma membrane, where BMP-2 binds direct signaling pathway and therefore regulate stem cell fate.In order to determine the dynamics of BMP2 and binding sites on the plasma membrane we covalently link Quantum Dots (QDs) to BMP-2. Creating stable fluorescent BMP2 allowed for the first time measurements of BMP2 dynamics on the cell surface in real time. QD’s, semi-conducting nanocrystals, superior to conventional organic dyes, are highly efficient due to high extinction coefficient and stability (minimizing photo bleaching), which are 20 times brighter and 100 times more stable than traditional fluorescent reporters. Additionally results were verified using combined AFM and Confocal imaging. Using mutated RFP tagged BMP type - I receptors, or gfp tagged caveolin-1 or AP-2 constructs we were able to identify different regions important for osteogenesis, chondrogenesis and adipogenesis. Further using these data combined with a systems biology approach created a signaling model for BMP2 during stem cell differentiation.Our data indicate BMP2 interacts with receptors localized in caveolae and clathrin coated pits and these domains are key regions for signaling. Dependent on BMP receptor localization MSCs are directed toward specific stem cell fate.
Pseudomembranous Enterocolitis After Gynecologic Endoscopy

Abstract A 21-year-old nulligravida underwent diagnostic hysteroscopy and laparoscopic potassium-titanyl-phosphate laser ablation of pelvic peritoneal endometriosis (revised American Fertility Society score 10) for dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, and dyschezia. Preoperatively the patient had an electrolyte bowel preparation but no antibiotic prophylaxis. Six days postoperatively she developed symptoms of nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, which were not affected by diet and over-the-counter bowel medications. Examination of stool samples for culture, ova, parasites, and Clostridium difficile toxin led to the diagnosis of C. difficile pseudomembranous enterocolitis. The patient was referred to a gastroenterologist. She required 4 months of metronidazole therapy, including two hospitalizations, before her symptoms resolved. The stool assay became negative for C. difficile toxin 6 months after surgery. Pseudomembranous enterocolitis may occur rarely in patients without the usual risk factors of antibiotic therapy. Pseudomembranous enterocolitis may occur rarely in patients without the usual risk factors of antibiotic therapy. The role of the electrolyte bowel preparation is uncertain, but it may have permitted overgrowth of C. difficile .
Correlation of 13C and 1H chemical shifts in bovine high-density lipoprotein from two-dimensional NMR

Abstract Two-dimensional heteronuclear 13C1H chemical-shift correlation spectra were obtained for bovine high-density lipoprotein (HDL). The 13C and 1H shifts of the lipid components are assigned. No evidence for dynamic equilibration of lipid classes between different structure environments was found at this limited resolution. Heteronuclear correlation spectroscopy can be effectively applied to macromolecular complexes as large as HDLs.
Current status of the sunscreen regulation in the United States: 2011 Food and Drug Administration's final rule on labeling and effectiveness testing.

ANPR: Advance Notice of Proposed Rulemaking CW: critical wavelength FDA: Food and Drug Administration MED: minimal erythema dose PPD: persistent pigment darkening SPF: sun protection factor TEA: Time and Extent Application INTRODUCTION On June 17, 2011, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued its long awaited final ruling on labeling and effectiveness testing of sunscreen products in the United States. At the same time, the FDA published 3 other documents: (1) a Draft Enforcement Guidance for Industry document, further explaining the final rule, (2) a Proposed Rule on sunscreens with sun protection factors (SPFs) greater than 50, seeking additional comments on its proposal to cap SPF at 501, and (3) an Advance Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (ANPR), requesting information about alternative dosage forms of sunscreen products (ie, sprays), and proposing that certain dosage forms (wipes, towelettes, powders, body washes, and shampoos) to be considered not eligible for review under the sunscreen monograph process. Only the final rule regarding labeling and testing of sunscreens has been approved, whereas the regulations and suggestions in the other 3 documents, hence the sunscreen monograph itself, have not been finalized. This announcement signals a recognition by the FDA of the clinical benefits of photoprotection, with sunscreens as one of the measures. Furthermore, it provides a much anticipated standard for testing and labeling UVA protection in sunscreens.
The 2008 EORTC/MSG consensus definitions: What’s new? What’s next?

The definitions of invasive fungal diseases are intended to guide the appropriate use of clinical, radiologic, and various laboratory findings to increase diagnostic certainty in clinical research. The need for standardized definitions was the result of highly variable criteria used to diagnose invasive fungal diseases in epidemiologic and therapeutic studies. We review the original definitions published in 2002, and the need for revision. We also summarize the key changes in the revised 2008 definitions, discuss limitations and pitfalls, and comment on the potential impact of these changes.
Effects of 2-Chloroethyltrimethylammonium Chloride and 2,4-Dichlorobenzyltributyl Phosphonium Chloride on Growth and Transpiration of Slash Pine

THE growth of many plants, including several tree species, can be retarded by CCC (2-chloroethyltrimethyl-ammonium chloride) and ‘Phosfon-D’ (2,4-dichlorobenzyltributyl phosphonium chloride)1–5. In addition, CCC applied as a soil drench has led to increased flowering in some plants6–8.
Multicomponent exchange and diffusion in silicates

The treatment of multicomponent diffusion and exchange in silicates is developed. An ionic diffusion model, similar to one proposed by workers in ceramics, is described and applied to the evaluation of diffusion coefficients, Dij, from tracer diffusion values. The general problem of cation exchange between complex silicates is then solved exactly, with particular emphasis on 1. (a) useful approximations to the exact solutions; 2. (b) the influence of the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters on the diffusion process; and 3. (c) the limiting cases, which enable the complex silicates to be treated as binary systems, for the purposes of computing diffusion profiles.
Cranial Nerve and Cervical Root Enhancement in an Infant With Polymerase Gamma Mutation Mitochondrial Disease

Abstract Background Nuclear polymerase gamma ( POLG ) mutations are the most common cause of inherited mitochondrial disease. POLG mutation diseases have a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations; the lethal infantile form is myocerebrohepatopathy spectrum. Patient A 4-month-old boy was referred for poor feeding, emesis, failure to thrive, and hypotonia. Results Brain computed tomography was normal. Brain magnetic resonance imaging with and without contrast demonstrated bilateral enhancement of cranial nerves III, V-X, and the upper and midcervical nerve roots. Liver biopsy revealed early cirrhosis, steatosis, and focal necrosis. Muscle biopsy did not demonstrate specific abnormalities of mitochondrial morphology or number. Electron transport chain analysis of both fibroblasts and muscle demonstrated deficiencies. Because of suspected mitochondrial depletion disorder, testing was performed for mitochondrial abnormalities including analysis of the POLG gene, which revealed two pathogenic mutations, c.1399G>A (p.A467T) and c.3285C>G (p.S1095R). Conclusions We report abnormal gadolinium enhancement of multiple cranial nerves and cervical nerve roots in an infant with myocerebrohepatopathy spectrum disease whose brain MRI otherwise revealed only mild atrophy. Mitochondrial disease should be included in the differential diagnosis of cranial nerve enhancement. Contrast-enhanced MRI aids in the diagnostic evaluation of infants with developmental delay and suspected neurological disease.
The American Medievalist: A Social and Professional Profile

In becoming medievalists and members of the Academy, we assumed a commitment to promote the study of the European Middle Ages on this continent. But to do this well, we ought on occasion to study ourselves, to discover who we are, who we were, and who we are likely to become in the near and distant future. Our arts are long and our lives are short, and we ought frequently to inquire how the changing composition of our profession may be affecting the arts we uphold.1 In this paper I propose to survey the current membership of the Medieval Academy of America. My chief source may appear singularly pedestrian; it is the Academy's mailing list for 1982, used primarily for the distribution of its flagship publication, Speculum. I shall look at the names and addresses of Academy members resident in the United States, with a glance also at institutional subscribers to Speculum. These remarks, in sum, do not apply to the many members and subscribers in Canada and overseas.2 Because the list of Academy members in the United States is long 3,060 names and because the questions put to it are somewhat involved, I enlisted the aid of a computer to gather the responses. The computer does this work well. Given the right data to scrutinize, it is an exact observer and an implacable judge. The information which the mailing list offers is admittedly limited. The register of North American medievalists compiled for the Academy's Committee on Centers and Regional Associations by the Medieval Institute of Western Michigan University at Kalamazoo contains some 7,924 names, better than twice the number of the Academy's 3,289 North American
Quantum Theory: A Philosopher’s Overview

Salvator Cannavo Albany, State University of New York Press, 2009 xiv + 173 pp., ISBN 9780791493472, US$60.00 (hardcover); ISBN 9780791493489, US$23.95 (paperback) Given its general motivation, Qua...
Jail Inmates’ Perceived and Anticipated Stigma: Implications for Post-release Functioning

Research shows that offenders perceive stigma, but the accuracy of these perceptions has not been assessed, nor their impact on successful reintegration. In a longitudinal study, jail inmates (N = 168) reported perceptions of stigma toward criminals and anticipated stigma just prior to release. A diverse college sample completed a parallel survey assessing stigmatizing attitudes toward criminals. Inmates' perceived stigma was significantly higher than students' stigmatizing attitudes. Perceived stigma positively predicted post-release employment for African-American inmates, but not for Caucasians. Anticipated stigma negatively predicted arrests for Caucasian inmates, but not for African Americans. Perceived and anticipated stigma may have different implications for reintegration, and these implications may vary across race.
The Effect of Endogenous Parathyroid Hormone in Iliac Bone Structure and Turnover in Healthy Postmenopausal Women

Little is known about the effect of endogenous parathyroid hormone (PTH) on the skeleton in postmenopausal women without hyperparathyroidism. In this study, the effects of PTH on bone were investigated in iliac crest biopsies obtained from 37 healthy white postmenopausal women aged 50–73 years. The results showed that neither cancellous nor cortical bone structure changed with serum PTH levels. In cancellous bone, bone formation (wall thickness, osteoid surface, osteoblast surface, mineralizing surface, and mineral apposition rate) and turnover (bone formation rate at the surface, volume levels, and activation frequency) variables increased with increasing serum PTH levels (all p < 0.05) in univariate analysis. Multiple linear regressions, adjusted for serum 25-OHD, calcium, alkaline phosphatase, age, and BMI, showed that serum PTH level was independently associated with wall thickness, osteoid surface, osteoblast surface, mineralizing surface, and bone formation rate (all p < 0.05). In cortical bone, no histomorphometric variable was correlated with PTH levels. On the endosteal surface, some of the bone formation (osteoid surface, osteoblast surface, mineralizing surface) and turnover (bone formation rate at the bone surface levels and activation frequency) variables were positively correlated with PTH levels (all p < 0.05). None of these variables could be independently predicted by PTH status. We conclude that in healthy postmenopausal women endogenous PTH has a positive effect on bone formation on the cancellous surface. The effects of PTH on the endosteal surface are probably confounded by other factors.
A strategy for selecting multiple components

This paper presents a systematic method for simultaneously defining a software architecture and selecting off-the-shelf components for reuse. The method builds upon existing techniques for component selection and architecture evaluation. We identify architectural decisions that have a large effect on the components used early in the process so that different ways of building the system can be investigated. The result of applying the method is a partial definition of a system's architecture along with a set of components that could be incorporated.
A note on finite-valued and finitely ambiguous transducers

We look at some decision problems concerning nondeterministic finite transducers. The problems concern finite-valuedness, finite ambiguity, equivalence, etc. For a fixedk, we give a polynomial time algorithm for deciding whether or not a transducer isk-valued. The result holds when “valued” is replaced by “ambiguous”. In fact, the following problems are decidable: 1) Given a transducer, is itk-ambiguous for somek? 2) Given two finitely ambiguous transducers, are they equivalent? For unambiguous transducers, equivalence is decidable in polynomial time.
A case for dynamic memory partitioning in data centers

Leveraging distributed main memory is becoming an increasingly popular approach to speed up large-scale data-intensive cluster applications. However, despite the growing number of possible performance benefits, recent studies indicate that the static resource partitioning among different applications and users in those clusters often leads to severe memory fragmentation, rendering almost half of the available memory resources unusable.This paper therefore proposes to extend the static memory partitioning of current cluster resource managers by a more dynamic scheme which continues to ensure a fair resource distribution among the tenants but allows individual applications to claim spare main memory on a temporary basis. We show that our new approach is a natural fit for many use cases in the big data domain and can significantly improve the memory utilization and processing efficiency.
Conical lens for atom focusing

Light reflected from a conical mirror produces an intensity gradient that can be used to focus atoms to a single spot. Within the Raman-Nath approximation the position of the focal plane, peak atomic density, and spot size have been determined for a range of field strengths. Theoretical estimates of the field strength needed to focus atoms using a conical lens are found to be three to four orders of magnitude lower than that needed for focusing atoms using standing-wave fields.
Formation and stability of anatase phase of phosphate incorporated and carbon doped titania nanotubes

Abstract Phase transformation analysis of the phosphate containing and carbon doped titania nanotubes, prepared by a simple anodization method, reveals complete transformation from amorphous to anatase phase in air between 360 and 400 °C. Activation energies for formation of anatase phase are evaluated and compared for the two types of titania nanotubes. A detailed analysis of the phase transformation characteristics and stability of the anatase phase is reported.
Reactivation of Chagas' disease during therapy of acute lymphocytic leukemia.

Chagas' disease, acquired by blood transfusion, was reactivated by chemotherapy in a child with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Diagnosis and successful therapy was facilitated by accurate history, and established by blood smear examination, culture, serology and xenodiagnosis. Reactivation during chemotherapy, while the serologic response remained intact, allows for speculation concerning the critical cellular immune responses to Chagas' disease in humans.
Mechanism of Photoisomerization in the Retinals and Implications in Rhodopsin

ALL-trans and 11-cis retinals play important parts in the visual process because of the existence of the 11-cis polyene in rhodopsin. Spectroscopic studies of these show that there is weak emission from all-trans retinal and very little from the 11-cis isomer1. Also, rhodopsin shows only a very weak emission2. It is very important to develop a theoretical understanding of these results as well as of the nature of the excited states and their change as a function of the angle of twist around the 11–12 bond of the cis isomer.
A three‐dimensional deformation analysis of the Storvass dam

A three-dimensional finite element program is used to analyse an 80 m high rockfill dam. An analysis is made of the deformed shape of the dam and the internal stresses and strains due to reservoir filling.
Inhibition of thyroidal radioiodine uptake following intravenous administration of thyroxine to normal and to hypophysectomized adult subjects.

It has been demonstrated in animals (1) and in man (2) that continued administration of thyroid substance diminishes thyroidal activity. Farquharson and Squires (2) showed that after cessation of thyroid hormone ingestion in human subjects, there was a reduction in metabolic rate to a level below that observed initially. This finding was confirmed by Riggs and his associates (3) who noted, in addition, that withdrawal of desiccated thyroid was followed by a decrease in the level of serum precipitable iodine and in metabolic rate which persisted for several weeks. These observations indicated that exogenously administered thyroid hormone has a depressive effect on the function of the thyroid gland, and that this effect is manifested beyond the period of hormone administration.
VOCs in industrial, urban and suburban neighborhoods—Part 2: Factors affecting indoor and outdoor concentrations

Abstract Many microenvironmental and behavioral factors can affect concentrations of and exposures to volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Identifying these determinants is important to understand exposures and risks, and also to design policies and strategies that minimize concentrations. This study is aimed at determining factors associated with VOC concentrations found indoors in residences and outdoors in ambient air. It utilizes results from a comprehensive field study in which 98 VOCs were measured both inside and outside of 159 residences in three communities in southeast Michigan, USA. Additional measurements included indoor CO2 concentrations, temperature, relative humidity, building and neighborhood characteristics, and occupant activities, assessed using a questionnaire and comprehensive walkthrough investigation. Factors potentially affecting concentrations were identified using bivariate and multivariate analyses. Outdoors, seasonal and community effects were observed. Indoors, seasonal effects were limited to the urban and industrial communities, largely due to changes in ambient levels. Elevated indoor VOC concentrations were associated with eight sources or activities: the presence of an attached garage; recent renovations; older residences; indoor smoking; less frequent window or door opening; higher CO2 concentrations; and lower ventilation rates. VOC levels were uninfluenced by building materials (wood vs. brick), flooring type (carpeting vs. wood), stove type (gas or electric), number of occupants, air freshener use, and hobbies involving arts and crafts. Factor analyses identified up to five factors for the ambient VOC measurements, and up to 10 factors for the indoor measurements, which further helped to explain the variability of concentrations and associations between VOCs.
Gas-phase conformers of the [M + 2H](2+) ion of bradykinin investigated by combining high-field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry, hydrogen/deuterium exchange, and energy-loss measurements.

The continuous separation capability of high-field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS) was used in combination with complementary techniques for probing biomolecular ions in the gas phase. Gas-phase conformers of the [M + 2H]2+ ion of bradykinin were examined using a combination of FAIMS, H/D exchange, and energy-loss measurements. When FAIMS data and H/D exchange data were analyzed separately, the presence of only two conformers of the [M + 2H]2+ ion of bradykinin could be detected. However, in an experiment in which FAIMS and H/D exchange were combined, at least four different conformers of the gas-phase [M + 2H]2+ ion of bradykinin were detected, including one of very low abundance. Cross sections calculated for the four conformers, based on energy-loss measurements, were 250, 240, 250, and 244 A2, in order of decreasing abundance. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Global magnetospheric models

Recent progress in modeling the observed magnetic field of the Earth and on related applications of mathematical tools to the physics of the global magnetosphere was the focus of “The Modeling and the Physics of the Global Magnetosphere,” a workshop held May 15–18 at the Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md. The meeting was planned in conjunction with a 1-month visit to GSFC by Nikolai (“Kolya”) Tsyganenko of the University of Leningrad, who has made many contributions to magnetospheric modeling. David Stern, GSFC, and convener of the workshop, reported that a goal of the workshop was to integrate young people into this field, and the dozen scientists who met jury-style were split 50:50 between veterans and postdoctoral or graduate students.
Waves and vibrations in curved ultrasonic transmission lines.

Abstract Curved transmission lines are used in several areas of ultrasonic and power sonic applications such as delay lines and sonic wave drawing apparatus. The optimum design for such applications requires knowledge of the vibration and wave propagation characteristics of such devices, but theoretical developments in this area have been generally lacking. A review of some recent developments is given, as well as brief remarks on desired future work.
The Effect of Parent Training on Hyperactivity and Inattention in Three School-Aged Girls with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

ABSTRACT Parent training is often used to treat non-compliance and social problems in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Smith and Barrett (2000) found that a parent training intervention led to improved compliance and core ADHD symptoms in 3 school-aged girls. The current study extended findings from Smith and Barrett (2000) by directly examining changes in hyperactivity and inattentiveness in the same 3 girls. Five child behaviors indexing inattention and hyperactivity were assessed from home observations of parent-child interactions made before, during, and after the parent training program. Body Fidgeting (gross motor movements and leaving one's seat) declined significantly. It was the only child behavior variable correlated with parent reports of attention, behavior, and emotional problems on the Child Behavior Checklist. Off-Task behaviors grew worse over the course of parent training. Such findings suggest that parent training programs may narrowly focus on overt behaviors at the expense of ...
Common and specific genomic sequences of avian and human extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli as determined by genomic subtractive hybridization

Background Suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) strategy was used with extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (EXPEC) that cause avian colibacillosis (avian pathogenic E. coli or APEC) and human urinary tract infections (uropathogenic E. coli or UPEC) to determine if they possessed genes that were host and/or niche specific. Both APEC and UPEC isolates were used as tester and driver strains in 4 different SSHs in order to obtain APEC- and UPEC-specific subtraction fragments (SFs).
Hemodynamic and metabolic effects of diltiazem during coronary sinus pacing with particular reference to left ventricular ejection fraction.

Abstract To determine the systemic and coronary hemodynamic effects of diltiazem at rest and during pacing, 14 patients with stable angina pectoris undergoing coronary angiography were studied before and after 0.165 mg/kg (n = 7) and 0.25 mg/kg (n = 7) of intravenously administered diltiazem. Hemodynamic variables, metabolic measurements and left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF) were obtained at rest and during coronary sinus (CS) pacing before and during diltiazem administration. Lactate production during control pacing turned into extraction after diltiazem (p 0.01) and mean arterial pressure by 12% (p 2 (p
Regulation of bovine and ovine lymphocyte proliferation by progesterone: modulation by steroid receptor antagonists and physiological status

Lectin-stimulated sheep and cow lymphocytes were used to test whether inhibitors of classical steroid receptors block suppressive effects of progesterone and whether effects of progesterone vary with physiological status. Neither RU 38486 nor RU 43044 blocked the inhibitory effects of progesterone on lymphocyte proliferation. Rather, these antagonists were themselves inhibitory. Effects of progesterone and antagonists were additive: the percentage inhibition caused by progesterone was similar whether antagonists were present or not. The degree of lymphocyte proliferation and the inhibitory effects of progesterone were of the same magnitude for pregnant/lactating cows, pregnant/non-lactating cows, postpartum/lactating cows and cyclic/non-lactating cows. In conclusion, progesterone does not appear to inhibit lymphocyte proliferation through actions that involve classical steroid receptors. There was no evidence that lymphocyte proliferation in the cow is suppressed during pregnancy or that the inhibitory effects of progesterone increase during pregnancy.
A study of the purity and uniformity of composition of ferrous ammonium sulfate hexahydrate as a solid standard reductant

Abstract A study of the purity and uniformity of composition of commercially available ferrous ammonium sulfate hexahydrate has been undertaken to determine its suitability as a solid standard reductant. Weighed quantities of reagent-grade Mohr's salt were added in slight excess to solutions of known weights of primary standard potassium dichromate. An amperometric titration was then used to measure the excess ferrous ion. Results found indicate that present-day manufacturing processes have sufficiently improved the quality of the available analytical reagent to permit its use as a secondary-standard solid reductant.
Crossover from BCS to Bose superconductivity: A functional integral approach

Abstract We use a functional integral formulation to study the crossover from cooperative Cooper pairing to the formation and condensation of tightly bound pairs in a 3D continuum model of fermions with attractive interactions. The inadequacy of a saddle point approximation with increasing coupling is pointed out, and the importance of temporal (quantum) fluctuations for normal state properties at intermediate and strong coupling is emphasized. In addition to recovering the Nozieres-Schmitt-Rink interpolation scheme for T c , and the Leggett variational results for T = 0, we also present results for evolution of the time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau equation and collective mode spectrum as a function of the coupling.
DNA-based genotyping techniques for the detection of point mutations associated with insecticide resistance in Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata.

Three DNA-based genotyping techniques, bi-directional PCR amplification of specific allele (bi-PASA), single-stranded conformational polymorphism (SSCP) and minisequencing, have been developed and compared for the detection of the S291G (insensitive acetylcholinesterase) and L1014F (insensitive sodium channel) mutations associated with azinphos-methyl and permethrin resistance, respectively, in the Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata). Extraction of genomic DNA from individual neonates that were hatched from previously collected egg masses is the most efficient and reliable means to obtain suitable templates in terms of convenience, economy, speed and DNA quality. Bi-PASA, employing two allele-specific primers, appears to be the most efficient and rapid genotyping method for the simultaneous detection of both resistant/susceptible homozygous (SS, RR) and heterozygous (SR) alleles. Its resolution, however, is strongly dependent on the quality of template genomic DNA. SSCP also allows unambiguous genotyping, including the detection of heterozygous alleles, and is less dependent on template DNA quality, but requires a longer processing time. Minisequencing is amenable to a 96-well microtiter plate format for the processing ofa large number of samples and allows direct detection of resistant/susceptible homozygous alleles but is not as efficient as the PASA and SSCP in detecting heterozygous alleles. In considering the advantages and disadvantages of each technique, DNA-based genotyping is best employed in combinations, with the bi-PASA as the primary method and the SSCP and minisequencing as the secondary validating methods. These methods are rugged, rapid, cost-effective and capable of resolving SS, RR and SR individuals. The availability of such DNA-based genotyping techniques, using neonate genomic DNA as templates, will enable the precise monitoring of the resistant and susceptible allele frequencies, including those of heterozygote individuals, in field populations of L decemlineata.
Large pediatric sphenoid sinus cholesterol granuloma: Case report and review of the literature

Abstract Cholesterol granulomas are rare lesions in the paranasal sinuses, especially in children. Symptoms are nonspecific depending on the localization and extent of the mass. In a 6-year-old boy who presented with a headache and proptosis, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging showed a large expansile mass in the nasal cavity. The patient was started on intravenous antibiotics with no improvement. Following endoscopic biopsy, the mass was removed. Pathological findings were consistent with a cholesterol granuloma. Good clinical outcomes can be obtained with proper imaging studies. Endoscopic sinus surgical techniques allow the surgeon to clear and drain the affected sinus cavity.
Glucocorticoid Induction of Epithelial Sodium Channel Expression in Lung and Renal Epithelia Occurs via trans-Activation of a Hormone Response Element in the 5′-Flanking Region of the Human Epithelial Sodium Channel α Subunit Gene

In airway and renal epithelia, the glucocorticoid-mediated stimulation of amiloride-sensitive Na+ transport is associated with increased expression of the epithelial Na+ channel alpha subunit (alphaENaC). In H441 lung cells, 100 nM dexamethasone increases amiloride-sensitive short-circuit current (3.3 microA/cm2 to 7.5 microA/cm2), correlating with a 5-fold increase in alphaENaC mRNA expression that could be blocked by actinomycin D. To explore transcriptional regulation of alphaENaC, the human alphaENaC 5'-flanking region was cloned and tested in H441 cells. By deletion analysis, a approximately 150-base pair region 5' to the upstream promoter was identified that, when stimulated with 100 nM dexamethasone, increased luciferase expression 15-fold. This region, which contains two imperfect GREs, also functioned when coupled to a heterologous promoter. When individually tested, only the downstream GRE functioned in cis and bound GR in a gel mobility shift assay. In the M-1 collecting duct line Na+ transport, malphaENaC expression and luciferase expression from alphaENaC genomic fragments were also increased by 100 nM dexamethasone. In a colonic cell line, HT29, trans-activation via a heterologously expressed glucocorticoid receptor restored glucocorticoid-stimulated alphaENaC gene transcription. We conclude that glucocorticoids stimulate alphaENaC expression in kidney and lung via activation of a hormone response element in the 5'-flanking region of halphaENaC and this response, in part, is the likely basis for the up-regulation of Na+ transport in these sites.
FLARE: Fast layout for augmented reality applications

Creating a layout for an augmented reality (AR) application which embeds virtual objects in a physical environment is difficult as it must adapt to any physical space. We propose a rule-based framework for generating object layouts for AR applications. Under our framework, the developer of an AR application specifies a set of rules (constraints) which enforce self-consistency (rules regarding the inter-relationships of application components) and scene-consistency (application components are consistent with the physical environment they are placed in). When a user enters a new environment, we create, in real-time, a layout for the application, which is consistent with the defined constraints (as much as possible). We find the optimal configurations for each object by solving a constraint-satisfaction problem. Our stochastic move making algorithm is domain-aware, and allows us to efficiently converge to a solution for most rule-sets. In the paper we demonstrate several augmented reality applications that automatically adapt to different rooms and changing circumstances in each room.
Samson unbound: opposition presidents and the failure of party leadership

Abstract This article explores the difficulty faced by presidents from the opposition party in their capacity as party leaders. The article accepts as a given Skowronek’s regime cycle vision of American political history, and focuses on his “preemptive president” category. All such “opposition presidents” face roughly the same constrained historical context; thus, it is possible to make inferences and generalize about this type of president. Through a comparison of opposition presidents with “governing party” presidents, I examine one weakness inherent in this type of presidency, focusing specifically on partisan success by measuring the success of an opposition president’s party versus that of a governing party president.
Spectral composition of bioluminescence of epipelagic organisms from the Sargasso Sea

The spectral characteristics of single identified epipelagic sources of bioluminescence from the western Sargasso Sea were measured with an optical multichannel analyzer (OMA) system during the April, 1985, Biowatt cruise. The emission spectra of specimens representing 45 species from 8 phyla were measured. Peak bioluminescence emissions typically occurred between 440 and 500 nm, in the blue region of the visible spectrum. Three exceptions involved emission in the green, yellow, and red spectral regions. Intraspectific variability in spectra, was noted in several species. One shrimp species exhibited two modes of light emission, each with different emission spectra. Other cases involved dynamic color shifts of 10 to 14 nm; the source of the spectral variability is unknown, but may involve optical filtering or differences in the color of luminescence from multiple sites of light emission. Measurements from independent samples of unsorted plankton revealed different spectral distributions. This suggests that the spectral emissions of bioluminescence in the upper water column will vary, based on species assemblage.
Adiabatic elimination in stochastic reaction dynamics

Abstract An approximation procedure is outlined for dealing with the evolution of a probability distribution that obeys a multidimensional gain-loss equation with two characteristic time scales. The quasisteady state reached after the decay of the fast-relaxing processes is used to calculate the approximate transition rates for the subsequent evolution. The result is an approximate set of separate one-dimensional gain-loss equations valid at long times.
Measures of information processing in rapid automatized naming (RAN) and their relation to reading.

The letters, numbers, and objects subtests of the Rapid Automatized Naming Tests (RAN) were given to 50 first- and second-grade students. Student performance on the three RAN subtests were audiotaped and subjected to postacquisition processing to distinguish articulation and interarticulation pause times. This study investigated (1) the relations between the articulation and pause durations associated with the 50 stimuli of each RAN subtest and (2) the relations between the pause and articulation latencies of the three RAN subtests and reading. For both first- and second-grade students, pause and articulation times for RAN letters and objects were not found to be reliably related, in contrast to RAN numbers articulation and pause durations. RAN subtest pause durations were differentially related to reading; however, articulation was rarely related to reading. The RAN letters pause time was the most robust predictor of decoding and reading comprehension, consistently predicting all first- and second-grade measures. Analysis supported the view that reading is predicted by speed of processing associated with letters, not general processing speed.
Liquid-crystal-doped polymers as volume holographic elements

Nematic liquid crystal molecules doped into polymer matrices are investigated for holographic information storage. Holographic effects due to thermal and optically driven anisotropic are observed.© (1991) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.