cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Spinal upregulation of glutamate transporter GLT-1 by ceftriaxone: therapeutic efficacy in a range of experimental nervous system disorders.

Glutamate neurotransmission is highly regulated, largely by glutamate transporters. In the spinal cord, the glutamate transporter GLT-1 is primarily responsible for glutamate clearance. Downregulation of GLT-1 can occur in activated astrocytes, and is associated with increased extracellular glutamate and neuroexcitation. Among other conditions, astrocyte activation occurs following repeated opioids and in models of chronic pain. If GLT-1 downregulation occurs in these states, GLT-1 could be a pharmacological target for improving opioid efficacy and controlling chronic pain. The present studies explored whether daily intrathecal treatment of rats with ceftriaxone, a β-lactam antibiotic that upregulates GLT-1 expression, could prevent development of hyperalgesia and allodynia following repeated morphine, reverse pain arising from central or peripheral neuropathy, and reduce glial activation in these models. Ceftriaxone pre-treatment attenuated the development of hyperalgesia and allodynia in response to repeated morphine, and prevented associated astrocyte activation. In a model of multiple sclerosis (experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis; EAE), ceftriaxone reversed tactile allodynia and halted the progression of motor weakness and paralysis. Similarly, ceftriaxone reversed tactile allodynia induced by chronic constriction nerve injury (CCI). EAE and CCI each significantly reduced the expression of membrane-bound, dimerized GLT-1 protein in lumbar spinal cord, an effect normalized by ceftriaxone. Lastly, ceftriaxone normalized CCI- and EAE-induced astrocyte activation in lumbar spinal cord. Together, these data indicate that increasing spinal GLT-1 expression attenuates opioid-induced paradoxical pain, alleviates neuropathic pain, and suppresses associated glial activation. GLT-1 therefore may be a therapeutic target that could improve available treatment options for patients with chronic pain.
Carcinoma of Penis: Improved Survival by Early Regional Lymphadenectomy Based on Histological Grade and Depth of Invasion of Primary Lesion

AbstractPurpose: This study was performed to validate a new staging system and support the concept of early regional lymphadenectomy based on this system.Materials and Methods: A total of 76 cases from 4 teaching hospitals was reviewed.Results: Of 24 patients with well or moderately differentiated noninvasive primary tumors 1 had regional metastases compared to 43 of 52 patients with poorly differentiated or invasive tumors.Conclusions: By classifying disease according to the depth of invasion and degree of differentiation of the primary lesions a high degree of accuracy could be obtained in predicting the likelihood of positive groin nodes. Removing groin nodes that are microscopically positive improves the survival rate over that of delayed lymphadenectomy.
Dynamic-susceptibility studies of the interplay between the Neel and Brown magnetic relaxation mechanisms

We have used temperature- and frequency-resolved ac-susceptibility measurements to investigate the magnetic relaxation of a Co0.2Fe2.8O4 magnetic fluid above the freezing point of the liquid carrier. Our data show that both the Neel and the Brown relaxation mechanisms are operative at temperatures in the vicinity of the out-of-phase (imaginary) susceptibility peak. We separate the contributions of the two mechanisms to the overall relaxation time, and demonstrate that Brownian relaxation plays a dominant role at all temperatures within this high-dissipation regime.
Diagnostic reasoning techniques for selective monitoring

An approach for using diagnostic reasoning techniques in selective monitoring is presented. Given the sensor readings and a model of the physical system, a number of assertions are generated and expressed as Boolean equations. The resulting system of Boolean equations is solved symbolically. Using a priori probabilities of component failure and Bayes' rule, revised probabilities of failure can be computed. These indicate what components have failed or are the most likely to have failed. This approach is suitable for systems that are well understood and for which the correctness of the assertions can be guaranteed. Also, the system must be such that assertions can be made from instantaneous measurements and that changes are slow enough to allow the computation. >
The asymptotic form of the spectral functions associated with a class of Sturm-Liouville equations

On utilise une forme modifiee de la formule d'inversion de Stieltjes avec des resultats recents sur la forme asymptotique des m-fonctions de Titchmarch-Weyl pour obtenir une expression asymptotique pour les fonctions spectrales τ(t) associees a l'equation differentielle −y''+q(x)y=λy, o≤x≤b≤∞
Recurrent Miscarriage Syndrome and Infertility Due to Blood Coagulation Protein/Platelet Defects: A Review and Update:

Three-hundred fifty-one women were referred for thrombosis and hemostasis evaluation after suffering recurrent miscarriages. All patients were referred by a high-risk obstetrician or reproductive medicine specialist after anatomic, hormonal or chromosomal defects had been ruled out. These patients were assessed over a three year period. The mean patient age at referral was 34 years and the mean number of miscarriages was 2.9 (2-9). All patients underwent a thorough evaluation for thrombophilia and, when indicated, a hemorrhagic disorder. Of the 351 patients, 29 (8%) had no defect. Of the remaining 322 patients, 7 (2%) had a bleeding disorder: 3 with platelet dysfunction, 1 with Factor XIII deficiency, 3 with von Willebrand's and 3 with Osler-Weber-Rendu. The remainder of the patients had a thrombophilia as follows: 195 (60%) had antiphospholipid syndrome, 64 (20%) had Sticky Platelet Syndrome, 38 (12%) had MTHFR mutation, 23 (7.1%) had PAI-1 polymorphism, 12 (3.7%) had Protein S deficiency, 12 (3.7%) had Factor V Leiden, 3 (1%), had AT deficiency, 3 (1%) had Heparin-Cofactor II deficiency, 3 (1%) had TPA deficiency, and 6 (2%) had Protein C deficiency. There were a total of 364 defects found in the 312 patients harboring thrombophilia; thus, several harbored two and a few harbored three separate defects. All patients with thrombophilia were treated with preconception ASA at 81 mg/day with the immediate post-conception addition of heparin or LMW heparin (Dalteparin). Both ASA and heparin/LMW heparin were used to term. The first 120 patients were treated with unfractionated heparin at 5,000 U every 24 hours, subcutaneously and the last 192 have been treated with Dalteparin at 5,000 U/day subcutaneously. The patients with MTHFR were also treated with folate at 5 mg/day + pyridoxine at 50 mg/day. All patients were carefully monitored with CBC and platelet counts, anti-Xa levels, frequent ultrasounds and physical exams. Only 2 of the thrombophilia patients suffered another miscarriage; all others had a normal term delivery. There were no pregnancy-related thromboses, no delivery complications and no episodes of post-partum thrombosis. The only bleeding consisted of 1-4 cm bruises at injection sites. No episodes of thrombocytopenia (HIT) were noted. In our experience, thrombophilia is a common cause of recurrent miscarriage and all patients with no anatomical, hormonal or chromosomal defect should be evaluated for thrombophilia or a bleeding disorder. The success rate of normal term delivery in these 312 patients was 94% using ASA + heparin or Dalteparin. In addition, side effects of therapy were minimal.
The effect of CO2 variability on the retrieval of atmospheric temperatures

The effect of spatial variability of the atmo- spheric CO2 distribution on temperature and water vapor retrievals from high spectral resolution observations of in- frared emission is estimated by performing 4 different re- trieval experiments. Using a global mean CO2 value, as currently routinely used, introduces errors in the retrieved temperature profile of up to 0.85 K compared to a retrieval in which the CO2 profile is known exactly. Including CO2 in the retrieval vector reduces these errors to 0.3 K. A more practical alternative, especially for data assimilation, is to use a monthly mean zonal mean CO2 value, which produces errors of up to 0.35 K in the temperature profile.
Electromechanical tuning of nanoscale MIM diodes by nanoindentation

Nanoscale metal–insulator–metal (MIM) diodes consisting of a nanoscale-thickness insulator layer sandwiched between two dissimilar metal layers offer the potential for very high frequency alternating current to direct current signal rectification. Active nanoscale tuning of electronic tunneling through the insulator layer to form point contact diodes has previously been limited to barriers composed of soft organic films due to the force limitations of conductive-atomic force microscopy. In this paper, MIM diodes with oxide-based insulators are formed in situ with sub-nanometer depth precision and characterized using a nanoindenter equipped with electrical testing capabilities. Simultaneous measurement of both electrical and nano-mechanical information is accomplished in an MIM stack of the form Nb/Nb2O5/boron-doped diamond nanoindenter tip. Using this technique, we show that the diode behavior can be electromechanically tuned over a range of more than 1 V at equivalent currents via small changes in indentation depth and the results can be modeled using a Fowler–Nordheim approximation.
Natural History of Obstructed and Pseudo-obstructed Megaureters Detected by Prenatal Ultrasonography

In a series of 38 patients with non-refluxing megaureters detected by prenatal ultrasonography, 89% were males and 16% had associated ipsilateral or contralateral urinary anomalies. By renographic criteria, 36% of ureters were not obstructed; renal function was never impaired initially and, on follow-up, spontaneous resolution of dilatation was common. Infective urinary calculi developed in 3 of the boys. In ureters obstructed by renographic or pressure-perfusion criteria, 79% exhibited normal renal function initially. Most such patients were managed expectantly; on follow-up, functional deterioration occurred in 2 patients, while in the remainder dilatation usually persists but without change in function.
Periacetabular osteolysis: Cup retention or replacement?

Abstract Periacetabular osteolysis is a common finding in total hip arthroplasty. Patients should be followed up clinically and radiographically to assess for progression of osteolysis, which is often asymptomatic. Among patients with uncemented acetabular shells, there is a classification system to guide operative treatment. Type I shells are stable and can undergo exchange of bearing surfaces with debridement of the lytic defect, with or without bone grafting. Type II and III shells should undergo acetabular revision. There are important contraindications to retaining a well-fixed cup, including component malposition, shell damage, and poor implant track record.
Uptake of pharmaceutical and personal care products by soybean plants from soils applied with biosolids and irrigated with contaminated water.

Many pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) are commonly found in biosolids and effluents from wastewater treatment plants. Land application of these biosolids and the reclamation of treated wastewater can transfer those PPCPs into the terrestrial and aquatic environments, giving rise to potential accumulation in plants. In this work, a greenhouse experiment was used to study the uptake of three pharmaceuticals (carbamazepine, diphenhydramine, and fluoxetine) and two personal care products (triclosan and triclocarban) by an agriculturally important species, soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). Two treatments simulating biosolids application and wastewater irrigation were investigated. After growing for 60 and 110 days, plant tissues and soils were analyzed for target compounds. Carbamazepine, triclosan, and triclocarban were found to be concentrated in root tissues and translocated into above ground parts including beans, whereas accumulation and translocation for diphenhydramine and fluoxetine w...
Stimulatory effect of the D2 antagonist sulpiride on glucose utilization in dopaminergic regions of rat brain

Local cerebral glucose utilization (LCGU) was measured, using the quantitative autoradiographic [14C]2-deoxy-D-glucose method, in 56 brain regions of 3-month-old, awake Fischer-344 rats, after intraperitoneal administration of sulpiride (SULP) 100 mg/kg. SULP, an "atypical" neuroleptic, is a selective antagonist of D2 dopamine receptors. LCGU was reduced in a few nondopaminergic regions at 1 h after drug administration. Thereafter, SULP progressively elevated LCGU in many other regions. At 3 h, LCGU was elevated in 23% of the regions examined, most of which are related to the CNS dopaminergic system (caudate-putamen, nucleus accumbens, olfactory tubercle, lateral habenula, median eminence, paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus). Increases of LCGU were observed also in the suprachiasmatic nucleus, lateral geniculate, and inferior olive. These effects of SULP on LCGU differ from the effects of the "typical" neuroleptic haloperidol, which produces widespread decreases in LCGU in the rat brain. Selective actions on different subpopulations of dopamine receptors may explain the different effects of the two neuroleptics on brain metabolism, which correspond to their different clinical and behavioral actions.
The imperative tag—a thing apart

ABSTRACT: In English, the imperative is sometimes followed by a tag consisting of an auxiliary verb and its subject. This is true whether the imperative itself has an explicit subject or not (Someone give me a hand here, can you?/Go home, will you?) Attempts have been made at different times to link this imperative-plus-tag sequence both to the regular tag question (You're going to come, aren't you?) and to requests in question form (Would you give me a hand for a moment?). On the other hand, it has also been claimed “that all imperative tags are best analyzed as synchronically frozen expressions.” Given the incompatiblity between the two perspectives just mentioned and the failure of either to resolve the problems raised by an attempt to analyze the imperative-plus-tag construction, the purpose of this paper will be to look once more at that construction, placing special emphasis on the tag's subjects, its auxiliaries, its intonation pattern, and its polarity, in an attempt to arrive at a more subtle understanding of the similarities and differences between it and the other two constructions just mentioned. At the same time, we will attempt to determine how syntactic and pragmatic features of the imperative stem influence the form and meaning of the tag attached to it. When we have finished, we will not be able to resolve all of the problems associated with the derivation of the imperative-plus-tag, but we will have found generalizations that apply to this construction that apply also to other types of utterances. In this way, we will have shown that the imperative tag is more rule-bound and less arbitrary than has been hitherto thought. What we will find out about the imperative tag falls into three categories: (1) while the imperative tag has some rather complex characteristics that differentiate it from both the regular tag question and the request in question form, certain aspects of the imperative tag are constrained by syntactic and pragmatic features of the stem to which it is attached; (2) certain combinations of stem polarity with tag modals and intonation pattern produces a set of meanings unique to the imperative-plus-tag construction; and (3) an effective analysis of the form of the imperative-plus-tag requires us to draw on, among other things, our understanding of the function of the structure and of the context in which it occurs. Therefore, it cannot be entirely true that the imperative tag is best analyzed as a frozen expression.
Screening genome-wide DNA methylation CpG sites via training and testing data utilizing surrogate variables

Background Screening Cytosine-phosphate-Guanine dinucleotide (CpG) DNA methylation sites in association with singlenucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), or covariate of interest, and/or their interactions is desired before performing more complicated analyses due to high dimensionality. It is possible the variation in methylation cannot be fully explained by SNPs and covariates of interest and thus it is important to account for variations introduced by other unknown factors. Furthermore, CpG sites screened from one data set may be inconsistent with those from another data set and it is equally important to improve the reproducibility of the selected CpG sites.
Evidence of resonance energy transfer in molecular bilayers on Al2O3 (0001)

Abstract Energy transfer between aromatic molecules was observed on a dielectric surface. The donor and acceptor molecules were vacuum deposited as bilayers and the surface temperature was linearly ramped in a temperature programmed desorption experiment (TPD). During the TPD procedure, the luminescence of the surface molecules was monitored as a function of temperature. Close to the desorption temperature of the lower layer, mixing of the layers occurred that resulted in energy transfer.
MYB5 and MYB14 Play Pivotal Roles in Seed Coat Polymer Biosynthesis in Medicago truncatula

In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), the major MYB protein regulating proanthocyanidin (PA) biosynthesis is TT2, named for the transparent testa phenotype of tt2 mutant seeds that lack PAs in their coats. In contrast, the MYB5 transcription factor mainly regulates seed mucilage biosynthesis and trichome branching, with only a minor role in PA biosynthesis. We here characterize MYB5 and MYB14 (a TT2 homolog) in the model legume Medicago truncatula. Overexpression of MtMYB5 or MtMYB14 strongly induces PA accumulation in M. truncatula hairy roots, and both myb5 and myb14 mutants of M. truncatula exhibit darker seed coat color than wild-type plants, with myb5 also showing deficiency in mucilage biosynthesis. myb5 mutant seeds have a much stronger seed color phenotype than myb14. The myb5 and myb14 mutants accumulate, respectively, about 30% and 50% of the PA content of wild-type plants, and PA levels are reduced further in myb5 myb14 double mutants. Transcriptome analyses of overexpressing hairy roots and knockout mutants of MtMYB5 and MtMYB14 indicate that MtMYB5 regulates a broader set of genes than MtMYB14. Moreover, we demonstrate that MtMYB5 and MtMYB14 physically interact and synergistically activate the promoters of anthocyanidin reductase and leucoanthocyanidin reductase, the key structural genes leading to PA biosynthesis, in the presence of MtTT8 and MtWD40-1. Our results provide new insights into the complex regulation of PA and mucilage biosynthesis in M. truncatula.
Comments on Systemic Sarcoidosis

SUMMARY Sarcoidosis is a disease of unknown cause. The basic morbid anatomy regardless of the organ or tissue involved is the epithelioid cell tubercle without necrosis, having refractile or calcified inclusion bodies in the giant cells. Lesions are usually widely disseminated. The tissues most frequently involved are lymph nodes, lung, liver, spleen, skin, eyes and bones, particularly of the hands. The heart, striated muscles, stomach, intestines, kidneys, bladder, pituitary and thyroid glands, and central nerves may also be involved. The clinical course is usually chronic with minimal or no constitutional symptoms; however, there may be acute episodes of fever and malaise with or without signs or symptoms referable to the tissues and organs involved. The intracutaneous tuberculin test is usually negative; the plasma globulins are often increased. The outcome may be clinical recovery with radiographic evidence of residue, or impairment of function of organs involved, or a continued chronic course of the disease. Treatment is unsatisfactory. Prognosis is uncertain.
Distributed Filtering Using Set Models With Confidence Values

This paper describes an algorithm of distributed filtering using set models with confidence values. No statistics of noise distribution are needed. The only information required is the sets with confidence values from which the modeling and measurement errors and the initial values are obtained. Therefore, the algorithm has great potential for real-world applications.
Redefining Quaker Simplicity: The Friends Committee on National Legislation Building, 2005

In 2005, the Friends Committee on National Legislation, the major Quaker peace and justice lobbying organization in the United States, completed a substantial remodeling and expansion of its office building on Capitol Hill in Washington, DC. The building exemplifies a self-conscious effort to express Quaker values of simplicity and stewardship in architectural choices. Examining the changing meanings of simplicity as expressed in Quaker meeting houses, this article argues that contemporary Friends in the United States have given nontraditional meanings to the concept and now associate simplicity with environmental stewardship in personal and community life. For example, the use of natural light now takes on a multitude of symbolic meanings in addition to practical functions. The decision by FCNL to accept the costs and complications of ‘green building’ grew directly from this commitment to understanding of simplicity, even though the new structure itself is not necessarily simple in design and engineering.
The State of the Orbitofrontal Cortex

State representation is fundamental to behavior. However, identifying the true state of the world is challenging when explicit cues are ambiguous. Here, Bradfield and colleagues show that the medial OFC is critical for using associative information to discriminate ambiguous states.
Na+/H+ Exchangers as Therapeutic Targets for Cerebral Ischemia

The Na+/H+ exchangers (NHE) are a family of membrane transporters that catalyzes the exchange of intracellular H+ with extracellular Na+ and plays a role in regulating intracellular pH and cell volume. Following cerebral ischemia, the “housekeeping” NHE isoform 1 (NHE-1) is stimulated by intracellular acidosis to remove excess H+. Overstimulation of NHE-1 causes accumulation of Na+ and Ca2+ inside the cell through the reversal mode of Na+/Ca2+ exchange (NCX) and eventually contributes to cell death. Pharmacological inhibition or genetic knockdown of NHE-1 is neuroprotective in both in vitro and in vivo ischemia models as shown by reduced neuronal death and blockade of intracellular Ca2+ and Na+ accumulation. Inhibition of NHE-1 not only reduces brain infarct volume but also improves long-term neurological functions. Inhibition of NHE-1 also has a profound effect on neuroinflammation and edema formation, providing a longer treatment time window for stroke therapy. Therefore, NHE-1 merges as an important target for developing new therapeutics for stroke treatment.
Characteristics of Ultra violet-Assisted Pulsed Laser Deposited Thin Oxide Films

The properties of thin oxide films such as Y2O3, ZnO and Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 grown using an in situ ultraviolet (UV)-assisted pulsed laser deposition (UVPLD) technique have been studied. With respect to films grown by conventional PLD under similar conditions but without UV illumination, the UVPLD grown films exhibited better structural and optical and electrical properties, especially for lower substrate temperatures. They also exhibited a better stoichiometry and contained less physisorbed oxygen than the conventional PLD grown layers. These improvements can be traced to several factors. Firstly, deep UV photons and ozone ensure a better in situ cleaning of the substrate prior to the deposition. Secondly, the presence of more reactive gaseous species like ozone and atomic oxygen formed by photodissociation of molecular O2 promotes the growth of more oxygenated films. Thirdly, absorption of UV photons by adatoms could result in an increased of their surface mobility. All these factors have a beneficial effect upon crystalline growth, especially for moderate substrate temperatures. For optimised growth conditions, the crystalline quality and properties of ultraviolet-assisted pulsed laser deposited films was similar to that of films grown using conventional PLD at substrate temperatures of at least 200°C higher.
Improving Tree-Based Trajectories Through Order Reduction/Expansion and Surrogate Models

Sampling-based trajectory planners provide feasible but suboptimal trajectories through complicated environments with relatively low computational cost. The inclusion of simple motion and trajectory primitives in the sampling procedure ensures feasibility of the paths without significantly increasing computational cost. Complete optimal trajectory solutions subject to differential constraints typically require very high computational cost. Deterministic and probabilistic methods are presented which provide improvements upon such trajectories. An approach to reduce the trajectory length by replicating it with few intermediate configurations is shown to be effective at both reducing the complexity and length of the path. An approach using computational geometry to perform turns as close to constraining obstacles as possible is also shown to be effective at reducing the path length while maintaining feasibility. Surrogate modeling is also presented as an approach for improving waypoint location based on any cost function, not strictly path length.
Water in melts: Raman spectral investigation of the molten Ca(NO3)2·4H2O−KNO3 system

The Raman spectra of molten mixtures of Ca(NO3)2\4H2O−KNO3 have been examined, covering the concentration range of 0–70 mole% KNO3. The frequencies in the spectra of the mixtures have been found to change slightly with concentration. Striking variations in the band shapes have been observed in the regions corresponding to the O−H stretching mode (2850–3850 cm−1) and the v4-NO 3 − mode (700–750 cm−). The results are discussed in terms of perturbed quasi-lattice structure for the melt, in which there could be a displacement of water molecules in the first coordination sphere around Ca2+ by the NO 3 − ion.
Caspase-1 is required for maintenance of marginal zone B cells in pristane-induced lupus.

ObjectiveCaspase-1 is required for nephritis and robust autoantibody development in the pristane model of murine lupus. The objective of this study was to evaluate the immune response and to study the splenic B and T cell populations in wild-type (WT) and caspase-1 -/- mice following pristane injection in order to develop an understanding of why absence of caspase-1 is protective in pristane-induced lupus.MethodsImmunization responses to NP-Ficoll and NP-ovalbumin were assessed in WT and caspase-1 -/- mice. In vitro IgM and IgG responses to R848 were measured by ELISA. Serum IgM anti-dsDNA and IL-1β were also measured by ELISA. B and T cell populations 2 weeks and 6 months following pristane injection were measured by flow cytometry in WT and caspase-1 -/- mice.ResultsCaspase-1 -/- mice generate equivalent IgG responses to NP-Ficoll and NP-ova antigens when compared to wild-type mice. Additionally, they secrete IgM and IgG in response to TLR7 activation. Pristane injected WT and caspase-1 -/- mice generat...
Determination of formaldehyde in mushrooms acetyl acetone method

Objective Detection method of determination of formaldehyde in mushrooms of acetyl acetone method. Methods The sample treated by distillation, The distillate of formaldehyde and acetylacetone produce yellow compound stable, compared with the standard series of quantitative.Results The linear range of the method in 1~8 μ g/mL, the regression equation was y=0.01x-0.019 9, r=0.998 5, the recovery rate is 87.8 % ~101.2 %, the relative standard deviation of 5%.Conclusions This method is simple, accurate, suitable for determination of formaldehyde in mushrooms
Structure design and analyses of underwater-mine machine for potash salt pond

Working process and operating principle of underwater-mine machine for potash salt pond were introduced,and the structures and characteristics of each part of the underwater-mine machine were analyzed.The machine has the advantages of stabilization,succession,energy conservation,low noise,large output and so on.
Peer assessment rating index assessing clinical effect of individual lingual orthodontics indirect bonding and direct bonding in orthodontic therapy

Objective To compare the clinical effect of individual lingual orthodontics indirect bonding technology and direct bonding technology using peer assessment rating(PAR) index. Methods 30 adult patients with malocclusion, who accepted orthodontic treatment at Department of Stomatology of Meitan General Hospital and Department of Orthodontics of Beijing Stomatology Hospital Affiliated to Capital University of Medical Science(Wangfujing Department) between 2009-2012, were divided into two groups(group A and group B), each group were 15 cases. Patients in group A were given individual lingual straight wire orthodontics indirect bonding technology; patients in group B were given direct bonding technology. Dental displacement, buccal occlusion, overjet, overbite and centerline were recorded pre-treatment and post-treatment in two groups respectively, then assessed and compared by PAR scores. The effect of treatment of two different bonding methods was evaluated, and the clinical bonding time of two different bonding methods was compared. Results After treatment, total PAR score of group A was(2.80±0.35) points, that of group B was(2.93±0.43) points, two groups in respective PAR scores and total PAR scores were compared, the differences were not statistically significant(P 0.05). The numerical reduction in the weighted PAR total score of group A was(26.20± 7.85) points, the percentage reduction in the weighted PAR total score of group A was(87.99 ±8.55) %; and those of group B was(26.13±7.93) points and(87.26±9.53) %,both groups, the numerical reduction in the weightedPAR total scores were greater than 22, and the percentage reduction in the weighted PAR total scores were greater than70%, the difference was not statistically significant(P 0.05). The clinical bonding time of two groups was compared,group A was(30.27±2.58) min, group B was(40.07±2.71) min, the differences were statistically significant(P 0.01).Conclusion There is no significance differences of clinical effect between individual lingual orthodontics indirect bonding technology and direct bonding technology, the outcome of clinical orthodontic treatment is satisfying similarly by these two technology. Regarding to clinical bonding time, indirect bonding technology can obviously shorten clinical operating time compared to direct bonding technology.
Work ethics and CQI.

CQI is a management paradigm adopted by many health care organizations. This paradigm can be helpful as health care organizations respond to the ethical demands created by the workplace, particularly respect for empowerment of the worker, shared levels of power, subsidiarity, collegiality, and the production of goods and services that meet the needs of the community served. An analysis of the workplace reveals other ethical questions that require the attention of managers, owners, and trustees. Some of these are not addressed by the CQI paradigm.
An unsuspected cause for recurrent angina: subclavian artery stenosis.

The advantages of internal mammary artery (IMA) grafts over saphenous vein grafts (SVG) for coronary artery bypass grafting have been extensively recorded in the literature. 1/2 Operative results and postoperative mortality in patients with IMA versus SVG are comparable. The relative risks of thrombosis, however, of an SVG are four to five times greater than an IMA graft, and the probability of recurrent angina or need for reoperation is significantly less in IMA grafted patients. Coltharp et al. 3 also showed that the risks of reoperation for recurrent angina were decreased by a previously constructed IMA graft.
The apparent stimulation of proteolysis by adenosine triphosphate in tissue homogenates (Short Communication)

Reports that ATP promotes proteolysis in tissue homogenates were reinvestigated. Although ATP increased production of material reacting with ninhydrin or Folin–phenol reagent, ATP did not stimulate protein degradation in such extracts. AMP and adenosine acted similarly to ATP. Deamination of the added nucleotides to produce ammonia caused the increase in ninhydrin-positive material.
Methods for matching to the ITER Ion Cyclotron Heating antenna

The US-ITER in-kind contribution to the ICH (Ion Cyclotron Heating) system for the tokamak being built in Cadarache, France, is the coaxial transmission lines, matching systems, and matching algorithms. A prematching system composed of 20 ohm triple-stub-tuned lines was proposed to match to the antenna. Because of constraints on the port cell and space availability, triple stub prematching may not be possible, so alternative prematching systems are proposed for use. Results of initial analyses of the prematching concepts are presented.
In Search of the Validity and Applicability of Diffusion Theory

One of the most celebrated theories ever borrowed from the social sciences to be used in marketing is "diffusion process of innovations" theory. The theory, however, has serious problems in terms of its validity and applicability.
MicroRNAs with Mega Functions in Cardiac Remodeling and Repair: The Micromanagement of Matters of the Heart

Abstract Cardiac remodeling subsequent to pressure volume load changes and myocardial injury is characterized by altered morphological and structural features with compromised cardiac function. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are determinants of cellular function and maintain tissue homeostasis under physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Their mechanistic participation in signaling pathways of development and progression of myocardial remodeling is being studied. Research is also underway to use specific miRNAs as biomarkers of myocardial injury, and protocols are being developed to manipulate heart-specific miRNAs to achieve reverse remodeling. This chapter reviews published data relevant to miRNA-based therapeutic intervention as a novel alternative to existing treatment options in promoting cardiac remodeling and repair of the injured myocardium.
An Extended Model of Learnning

The youth center was located in the city’s economically derelict south side. The center itself was precariously funded, barely hanging on to its faux-modern building in a seedy-looking lot on a tree-lined side street. Its director, however, was an energetic woman with ideas on the center’s potential role in the neighborhood. She wanted to develop the center as a place where children from the neighborhood could come to learn basic computer skills — word processing, designing World Wide Web pages, online information search skills. This was good for character building and for discipline, she felt. Such skills would prepare “her kids” for jobs in the real world.
Growth in retail-based clinics after nurse practitioner scope of practice reform.

Abstract Background Retail clinics are largely staffed by nurse practitioners (NPs) and are a popular destination for nonemergent care. Purpose We examined if there was a relationship between NP practice regulations and retail clinic growth after the passage of a scope of practice (SOP) reform bill in Pennsylvania. Methods General linear regression models were used to compare retail clinic openings in Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and Maryland between 2006 and 2013. Discussion From 2006 to 2008, Pennsylvania experienced a significant growth rate in net retail clinic openings per capita ( p = .046), whereas New Jersey and Maryland experienced no significant increase ( p = .109 and .053, respectively). From 2009 to 2013, Pennsylvania opened 0.20 clinics ( p = .129), New Jersey opened 0.23 clinics ( p = .086), and Maryland opened 0.34 clinics per capita per year ( p = .017). Conclusions Our study of three states with varying levels of SOP restraint reveals an association between relaxation of practice regulations and retail clinic growth.
Big data and the future for privacy

In our inevitable big data future, critics and skeptics argue that privacy will have no place. We disagree. When properly understood, privacy rules will be an essential and valuable part of our digital future, especially if we wish to retain the human values on which our political, social, and economic institutions have been built. In this paper, we make three simple points. First, we need to think differently about "privacy." Privacy is not merely about keeping secrets, but about the rules we use to regulate information, which is and always has been in intermediate states between totally secret and known to all. Privacy rules are information rules, and in an information society, information rules are inevitable. Second, human values rather than privacy for privacy’s sake should animate our information rules. These must include protections for identity, equality, security, and trust. Third, we argue that privacy in our big data future can and must be secured in a variety of ways. Formal legal regulation will be necessary, but so too will "soft" regulation by entities like the Federal Trade Commission, and by the development of richer notions of big data ethics.
On the origin and behavior of irradiation-induced c-component dislocation loops in magnesium

Abstract C-component dislocation loops are one of the unique defects in hexagonal close-packed (hcp) crystals that promote the accelerated growth and void formation under irradiation. Here, we report in situ observation of c-component dislocation loop formation in Mg under electron irradiation with emphasis on their atomic structures. Aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy imaging is utilized to reveal four possible types of double-layer loops, which were identified as different types of stacking fault and dislocation core structures. Triple- and quadruple-layer c-component dislocation loops were also observed. The formation mechanisms of the four types of double-layer loops were revealed via molecular dynamics simulations. The experimentally observed formation rate of the single- and double-layer dislocation loops is controlled by their formation energies. Our direct experimental observations in combination with molecular dynamics simulations provide fundamental insight into the mechanisms governing nucleation and growth of the c-component dislocation loops as well as their interactions, which could potentially help with future development of irradiation-resistant materials.
How Acceptable is Wife Beating in the USA? An Empirical Study

Wife beating, spousal abuse, domestic violence, or whatever else you want to call it, has been around for centuries, probably since the beginning of human existence. There are several reasons why this kind of behavior exists, but the present paper will not get into those reasons. For more on this aspect of the topic, see the items listed in the reference section of this paper. The goal of the present paper is more modest, to merely measure the extent of support for wife beating in the United States. This study reports on overall results as well as the results from the examination of several demographic variables, such as gender, age, social class, marital status, education level and geographic location. The present paper is part of a series on wife beating. Studies in this series examine male and female views on wife beating to determine if women think differently about this issue than men; a longitudinal study to determine whether wife beating has become more or less popular over time; two studies that examine the relationship between religion and wife beating; a study that ranks the acceptability of wife beating in 60 countries; and a study of attitudes toward wife beating in the United States. Links to these studies are provided in the reference section of this paper.
Real-Time Intrusion Detection with Emphasis on Insider Attacks

Securing the cyberspace from attacks is critical to the economy and well being of any country. During the past few years, threats to cyberspace have risen dramatically. It is impossible to close all security loopholes in a computer system by building firewalls or using cryptographic techniques. As a result, intrusion detection has emerged as a key technique for cyber security. Currently there are more than 100 commercial tools and research prototypes for intrusion detection. These can be largely classified as either misuse or anomaly detection systems. While misuse detection looks for specific signs by comparing the current activity against a database of known activity, anomaly detection works by generating a reference line based on the system model and signaling significant deviations from it as intrusions. Both approaches rely on audit trails, which can be very huge. Moreover, conventionally they are off-line and offer little in terms of strong deterrence in the face of attacks.
Chemistry of radioactive materials in the nuclear fuel cycle

Abstract: From the days of the Manhattan Project, the chemistry of actinides and selected fission products has shaped decisions on the handling of irradiated nuclear fuel. This chemistry is characterized by the diversity of the fission products, the rich redox chemistry of the light actinides, high radiation levels, concentrated nitric acid used to dissolve the fuel and the nuclear chemistry of both actinides and fission product lanthanides. This chapter introduces the actinide and fission product chemistry relevant to the nuclear fuel cycle, from the isolation of uranium from mined ores through reprocessing to management of the byproduct wastes. The important features of historically successful solvent extraction separations and alternative chemical processes are described. Finally, the role of nuclear energy as a source of primary power sans greenhouse gases is discussed.
Effiziente Absicherung der Derivatevielfalt durch Berechnung und Simulation – der neue Crafter von VW Nutzfahrzeuge

Der neue VW Crafter bietet ein breites Angebotsspektrum, das fur jeden potentiellen Kunden die richtige Transportlosung bereitstellen soll. Zwei Radstande, drei Fahrzeuglangen, drei Fahrzeughohen, unterschiedliche Antriebskonzepte mit Ruckwirkung auf die Karosserie, offene Aufbauten, unterschiedliche Tonnagen und vieles mehr fuhren zu einer extrem grosen Karosserievarianz.
Kinome and Transcriptome profiling reveal broad and distinct activities of Erlotinib, Sunitinib, and Sorafenib in the mouse heart and suggest cardiotoxicity from combined signal transducer and activator of transcription and epidermal growth factor receptor inhibition

Background Most novel cancer therapeutics target kinases that are essential to tumor survival. Some of these kinase inhibitors are associated with cardiotoxicity, whereas others appear to be cardiosafe. The basis for this distinction is unclear, as are the molecular effects of kinase inhibitors in the heart. Methods and Results We administered clinically relevant doses of sorafenib, sunitinib (cardiotoxic multitargeted kinase inhibitors), or erlotinib (a cardiosafe epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor) to mice daily for 2 weeks. We then compared the effects of these 3 kinase inhibitors on the cardiac transcriptome using RNAseq and the cardiac kinome using multiplexed inhibitor beads coupled with mass spectrometry. We found unexpectedly broad molecular effects of all 3 kinase inhibitors, suggesting that target kinase selectivity does not define either the molecular response or the potential for cardiotoxicity. Using in vivo drug administration and primary cardiomyocyte culture, we also show that the cardiosafety of erlotinib treatment may result from upregulation of the cardioprotective signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 pathway, as co‐treatment with erlotinib and a signal transducer and activator of transcription inhibitor decreases cardiac contractile function and cardiomyocyte fatty acid oxidation. Conclusions Collectively our findings indicate that preclinical kinome and transcriptome profiling may predict the cardiotoxicity of novel kinase inhibitors, and suggest caution for the proposed therapeutic strategy of combined signal transducer and activator of transcription/epidermal growth factor receptor inhibition for cancer treatment.
The Facebook President: Oil, Citizenship, and the Social Mediation of Politics in Nigeria

On June 28, 2010, Nigerian President Jonathan announced that he had set up a Facebook page. Within a few days, his first post garnered 1,344 likes and more than 2,139 comments. This article examines how Nigerians use social media to interact with the state. It asks: How does social media facilitate conversations on what constitutes a national resource? How is social media creating citizens who are simultaneously anonymous and visible? It suggests that Facebook and other sites on which Jonathan established online presences were constructed as political spaces to interact with the youth of Nigeria, molding that constituency into loyal social media citizens ready to align with his aspirations. It also describes social media as sites on which the politics of claim-making produce the social mediation of oil as a commonwealth in Nigeria. The use of the term “social media citizens” is anchored in the fluidity of citizenship. Jonathan's use of Facebook as both public and political spaces elevated the site to a national forum on a resource whose distribution must benefit all Nigerians: oil. The article suggests further that social media can serve as a site on which social media citizens can critique how the state manages and distributes oil.
HYPERBOLIC PROBLEMS: EXISTENCE AND APPLICATIONS

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the question of existence of solutions of abstract operator equations of the form Ex = Nx, X ɛ X, where X is a Hilbert space, E is the linear operator with a possibly infinite dimensional kernel X o , and E is such that the partial inverse H of E on the quotient space X/X o is bounded but not necessarily compact. The chapter presents some theorems that apply to quasi-linear hyperbolic partial differential equations and systems in particular wave equations. The chapter also discusses how much of the recent developments in the theory of nonlinear elliptic partial differential equations can be extended naturally to obtain the existence of solutions of nonlinear hyperbolic problems.
The Flame Retardation of Polyolefins

Polyolefins are flammable and will burn in air with a very hot and clean flame accompanied by melting and dripping like a candle. Essentially no soot is developed in the flame, as normally obtained during the burning of aromatic polymers, and little to no residual char is formed. The present state-of-the-art in polyolefin flame retardation dictates the use of halogen-containing compounds whose effectiveness is enhanced by the use of antimony oxide as a Synergist.
Family perspectives on prognostic communication in the palliative oncology clinic: "Someone was kind enough to just tell me".

24Background: Talking with patients with cancer and their families about the likely course of a disease is commonly cited as one of the most difficult aspects of healthcare delivery, yet palliative care providers routinely engage in such discussions. As such, attention to communication about prognosis in palliative oncology care has increased in recent years. Research and practice wisdom alike have provided important insights into the experiences of providers, patients, and family members who have taken part in discussions about prognosis and, relatedly, goals of care. As a result, we now have a number of highly effective tools at our disposal to enhance prognostic communication in palliative care. Methods: We sought to build on this existing expertise, applying a social ecological perspective to the study of prognostic communication from the family caregiver’s point of view. In this session, we present the findings of an inductive thematic analysis of qualitative data collected as part of randomized clin...