cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Association of Elevated Urinary Concentration of Renin-Angiotensin System Components and Severe AKI

Summary Background Prognostic biomarkers that predict the severity of AKI at an early time point are needed. Urinary angiotensinogen was recently identified as a prognostic AKI biomarker. The study hypothesis is that urinary renin could also predict AKI severity and that in combination angiotensinogen and renin would be a strong predictor of prognosis at the time of AKI diagnosis. Design, setting, participants, & measurements In this multicenter, retrospective cohort study, urine was obtained from 204 patients who developed AKI after cardiac surgery from August 2008 to June 1, 2012. All patients were classified as having Acute Kidney Injury Network (AKIN) stage 1 disease by serum creatinine criteria at the time of sample collection. Urine output was not used for staging. Urinary angiotensinogen and renin were measured, and the area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC) was used to test for prediction of progression to AKIN stage 3 or in-hospital 30-day mortality. These biomarkers were added stepwise to a clinical model, and improvement in prognostic predictive performance was evaluated by category free net reclassification improvement (cfNRI) and chi-squared automatic interaction detection (CHAID). Results Both the urinary angiotensinogen-to-creatinine ratio (uAnCR; AUC, 0.75; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.65 to 0.85) and the urinary renin-to-creatinine ratio (uRenCR; AUC, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.57 to 0.83) predicted AKIN stage 3 or death. Addition of uAnCR to a clinical model substantially improved prediction of the outcome (AUC, 0.85; cfNRI, 0.673), augmenting sensitivity and specificity. Further addition of uRenCR increased the sensitivity of the model (cfNRIevents, 0.44). CHAID produced a highly accurate model (AUC, 0.91) and identified the combination of uAnCR >337.89 ng/mg and uRenCR >893.41 pg/mg as the strongest predictors (positive predictive value, 80.4%; negative predictive value, 90.7%; accuracy, 90.2%). Conclusion The combination of urinary angiotensinogen and renin predicts progression to very severe disease in patients with early AKI after cardiac surgery.
Two-dimensional adaptive mesh generation

In this paper, a two-dimensional adaptive elliptic mesh generation system, derived from the Ryskin and Leal (RL) orthogonal mesh generation system based on the orthogonal condition (orthogonality) and the cell area equal-distribution principle (adaptivity), is presented. The proposed generation system takes into account not only the mesh orthogonality and adaptivity but also the mesh smoothness by adopting a method that the distortion functions is determined by both the scale factors and the averaged scale factors of the constant mesh lines. Examples and application show that the proposed generation system is effective and easy to use. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Although macrophage-tropic simian/human immunodeficiency viruses can exhibit a range of pathogenic phenotypes, a majority of isolates induce no clinical disease in immunocompetent macaques.

Unlike prototypical lentiviruses like visna and caprine arthritis-encephalitis viruses, which are mainly macrophage tropic (M-tropic), primate lentiviruses primarily target CD4 + T lymphocytes. We previously reported that during the late phase of highly pathogenic chimeric simian/human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) infections of rhesus macaques, when CD4 + T cells have been systemically eliminated, high levels of viremia are maintained from productively infected macrophages. The availability of several different M-tropic SHIVs from such late-stage immunocompromised animals provided the opportunity to assess whether they might contribute to the immune deficiency induced by their T-cell-tropic parental viruses or possibly cause a distinct disease based on their capacity to infect macrophages. Pairs of rhesus monkeys were therefore inoculated intravenously with six different M-tropic SHIV preparations, and their plasma viral RNA loads, circulating lymphocyte subset numbers, and eventual disease outcomes were monitored. Only one of these six M-tropic SHIVs induced any disease; the disease phenotype observed was the typical rapid, complete, and irreversible depletion of CD4 + T cells induced by pathogenic SHIVs. An analysis of two asymptomatic monkeys, previously inoculated with an M-tropic SHIV recovered directly from alveolar macrophages, revealed that this inoculum targeted alveolar macrophages in vivo, compared to a T-cell-tropic virus, yet no clinical disease occurred. Although one isolate did, in fact, induce the prototypical rapid, irreversible, and complete loss of CD4 + T cells, indicating that M-tropism and pathogenicity may not be inversely related, the majority of M-tropic SHIVs induced no clinical disease in immunocompetent macaques.
Examining Policy Implementation in Health Care: Rule Abidance and Deviation in Emergency Medical Services

Passage of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) has served to refocus attention on the complexity of health care delivery in the United States, with particular attention to concepts of quality, access, and outcomes. This article argues that our understanding of the ACA must be informed by an examination of policy implementation in health care, including the core public function of emergency medical services (EMS). Key concepts of implementation in frontline service—notably, rule abidance and deviation—are examined from the perspective of street-level EMS workers. Results indicate that the intersection of rules, patient needs, and professional culture creates instances of both rule abidance and deviation, both of which contribute substantively to concepts of quality in a health care setting.
Metric spaces nonembeddable into Banach spaces with the Radon-Nikodým property and thick families of geodesics

We show that a geodesic metric space which does not admit bilipschitz embeddings into Banach spaces with the Radon-Nikod ym property does not nec- essarily contain a bilipschitz image of a thick family of geodesics. This is done by showing that any thick family of geodesics is not Markov convex, and comparing this result with results of Cheeger-Kleiner, Lee-Naor, and Li. The result contrasts with the earlier result of the author that any Banach space without the Radon-Nikod ym property contains a bilipschitz image of a thick family of geodesics.
Adaptive source modeling using conditioning tree with maximum entropy reduction criterions

Extended summary form only given. Adaptive implementations are presented for source modeling, and all are based on the maximum entropy reduction criterion. Lists of pin states used in digital electronic circuit cards and text are used in simulations. From the simulation results, the scheme achieves satisfactory compression performance and substantially simpler implementation. >
Estrogen receptor transcription and transactivation Estrogen receptor alpha and estrogen receptor beta: regulation by selective estrogen receptor modulators and importance in breast cancer

Estrogens display intriguing tissue-selective action that is of great biomedical importance in the development of optimal therapeutics for the prevention and treatment of breast cancer, for menopausal hormone replacement, and for fertility regulation. Certain compounds that act through the estrogen receptor (ER), now referred to as selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), can demonstrate remarkable differences in activity in the various estrogen target tissues, functioning as agonists in some tissues but as antagonists in others. Recent advances elucidating the tripartite nature of the biochemical and molecular actions of estrogens provide a good basis for understanding these tissue-selective actions. As discussed in this thematic review, the development of optimal SERMs should now be viewed in the context of two estrogen receptor subtypes, ERα and ERβ, that have differing affinities and responsiveness to various SERMs, and differing tissue distribution and effectiveness at various gene regulatory sites. Cellular, biochemical, and structural approaches have also shown that the nature of the ligand affects the conformation assumed by the ER-ligand complex, thereby regulating its state of phosphorylation and the recruitment of different coregulator proteins. Growth factors and protein kinases that control the phosphorylation state of the complex also regulate the bioactivity of the ER. These interactions and changes determine the magnitude of the transcriptional response and the potency of different SERMs. As these critical components are becoming increasingly well defined, they provide a sound basis for the development of novel SERMs with optimal profiles of tissue selectivity as medical therapeutic agents.
Modulation of human heat shock factor trimerization by the linker domain

Heat shock transcription factors (HSFs) are stress-responsive proteins that activate the expression of heat shock genes and are highly conserved from bakers' yeast to humans. Under basal conditions, the human HSF1 protein is maintained as an inactive monomer through intramolecular interactions between two coiled-coil domains and interactions with heat shock proteins; upon environmental, pharmacological, or physiological stress, HSF1 is converted to a homotrimer that binds to its cognate DNA binding site with high affinity. To dissect regions of HSF1 that make important contributions to the stability of the monomer under unstressed conditions, we have used functional complementation in bakers' yeast as a facile assay system. Whereas wild-type human HSF1 is restrained as an inactive monomer in yeast that is unable to substitute for the essential yeast HSF protein, mutations in the linker region between the DNA binding domain and the first coiled-coil allow HSF1 to homotrimerize and rescue the viability defect of a hsfΔ strain. Fine mapping by functional analysis of HSF1-HSF2 chimeras and point mutagenesis revealed that a small region in the amino-terminal portion of the HSF1 linker is required for maintenance of HSF1 in the monomeric state in both yeast and in transfected human 293 cells. Although linker regions in transcription factors are known to modulate DNA binding specificity, our studies suggest that the human HSF1 linker plays no role in determining HSF1 binding preferences in vivo but is a critical determinant in regulating the HSF1 monomer-trimer equilibrium.
Computational Modeling of Inflammation and Wound Healing.

Objective: Inflammation is both central to proper wound healing and a key driver of chronic tissue injury via a positive-feedback loop incited by incidental cell damage. We seek to derive actionable insights into the role of inflammation in wound healing in order to improve outcomes for individual patients. Approach: To date, dynamic computational models have been used to study the time evolution of inflammation in wound healing. Emerging clinical data on histo-pathological and macroscopic images of evolving wounds, as well as noninvasive measures of blood flow, suggested the need for tissue-realistic, agent-based, and hybrid mechanistic computational simulations of inflammation and wound healing. Innovation: We developed a computational modeling system, Simple Platform for Agent-based Representation of Knowledge, to facilitate the construction of tissue-realistic models. Results: A hybrid equation–agent-based model (ABM) of pressure ulcer formation in both spinal cord-injured and -uninjured patients was ...
The Amino Acid Composition of Bovine Colostrum and Milk

Summary The concentration of ten amino acids in bovine colostrum and milk has been determined. The colostrum collected within 1 hr. after parturition is higher in total protein than the 24-hr composite sample and thus contained larger amounts of the ten amino acids. The amino acid composition of the colostrum, based on total proteins, is similar. No essential difference was obtained in the amino acid composition of the proteins of milk collected at the 60th and 90th days of lactation. Data on the output of ten amino acids in colostrum and milk have been calculated and the approximate ingestion of these amino acids by the calf has been computed.
Incidence of Perioperative Complications Following Resection of Adrenocortical Carcinoma and Its Association with Long-Term Survival

Background The association of postoperative complications with long-term oncologic outcomes remains unclear. We sought to determine the incidence of complications among patients who underwent surgery for adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) and define the relationship of morbidity with long-term survival.
On the geometric complexity of earthquake focal zone and fault systems: A statistical study

We discuss various methods used to investigate the geometric complexity of earthquakes and earthquake faults, based both on a point-source representation and the study of interrelations between earthquake focal mechanisms. We briefly review the seismic moment tensor formalism and discuss in some detail the representation of double-couple (DC) earthquake sources by normalized quaternions. Non-DC earthquake sources like the CLVD focal mechanism are also considered. We obtain the characterization of the earthquake complex source caused by summation of disoriented DC sources. We show that commonly defined geometrical fault barriers correspond to sources without any CLVD component. We analyze the CMT global earthquake catalog to examine whether the focal mechanism distribution suggests that the CLVD component is likely to be zero in tectonic earthquakes. Although some indications support this conjecture, we need more extensive and significantly more accurate data to answer this question fully.
Intermetallic reinforced Cr alloys for high-temperature use

A new family of Cr(Ta)-Cr2Ta intermetallic alloys based on Cr-(6-10)Ta (at%) is currently under development for structural use in oxidizing environments in the 1,000–1,300°C temperature range. These alloys show excellent strength and creep resistance and good oxidation resistance at high temperatures in air. Oxidation resistance comparable to commercial reactive element doped chromia-forming alloys and creep resistance comparable to single-crystal superalloys have been demonstrated. To date, only modest room-temperature fracture toughness (in the 11–12 MPa m½ range) has been achieved. Preliminary results of a promising approach to improve room-temperature fracture toughness via ductilization of Cr with MgO additions are discussed.
Implementing Encoded Archival Description: An Overview of Administrative and Technical Considerations

The implementation of Encoded Archival Description involves the same programmatic and administrative concerns encountered when undertaking any new initiative. To be successful, EAD must fit within the institution's budget, priorities, and strategic vision; benefits must be carefully weighed against costs. Administrators need to understand the implications of initial and ongoing staff costs, outsourcing possibilities, the role of consortial initiatives, training requirements, workflow management, hardware and software requirements and costs, and technical support needs as they select from among several options for creating and publishing EAD-encoded finding aids.
Facial paralysis: differential diagnosis and indications for surgical therapy.

The gathering of specific historical facts, and thorough otoneurologic and topognostic evaluation separate Guillain-Barre syndrome, leukemia, and other causes of facial palsy from Bell’s palsy, for which no cause has been found. Prompt total facial nerve decompression obtained best return of facial function in most patients.
A Targeted Floristic Survey of Horton Farm Conservation Area, Sainte Genevieve County, Missouri

ABSTRACT Much of western Sainte (Ste.) Genevieve County, Missouri, is underlain by parts of the LaMotte sandstone formation. The geological properties of this bedrock have led to the formation of canyons and cliffs, which harbor “glacial relicts” and other regionally rare, restricted plant species. A partial survey of the flora at Horton Farm Conservation Area (HFCA) in Ste. Genevieve County was performed from June 2012 to July 2014 to provide local conservation officials with relevant data to make informed management decisions. Four specific areas of interest were selected: a cliff complex near Rough Creek, a small acid seep, a glade/woodland complex, and the riparian corridor along Jonca Creek. A total of 214 vascular plant species was collected from HFCA: 23 from the acid seep area, 120 from Jonca Creek, 48 from the glade/woodland, and 77 from the cliff area. Included were 5 species of conservation concern, and 16 county records were documented. A checklist of the collected species is included, and a ...
Optimal Placement of Dynamic Var Sources by Using Empirical Controllability Covariance

In this paper, the empirical controllability covariance (ECC), which is calculated around the considered operating condition of a power system, is applied to quantify the degree of controllability of system voltages under specific dynamic var source locations. An optimal dynamic var source placement method addressing fault-induced delayed voltage recovery (FIDVR) issues is further formulated as an optimization problem that maximizes the determinant of ECC. The optimization problem is effectively solved by the NOMAD solver, which implements the mesh adaptive direct search algorithm. The proposed method is tested on an NPCC 140-bus system and the results show that the proposed method with fault specified ECC can solve the FIDVR issue caused by the most severe contingency with fewer dynamic var sources than the voltage sensitivity index (VSI)-based method. The proposed method with fault unspecified ECC does not depend on the settings of the contingency and can address more FIDVR issues than the VSI method when placing the same number of SVCs under different fault durations. It is also shown that the proposed method can help mitigate voltage collapse.
Channeling stress: inwardly-rectifying K+ channels in stress and disease.

From the pressure of an impending deadline to the frustration of sitting in traffic, stress is a normal feature of daily life. In most cases, the stressors are mild and we have both the mental and ...
Bile acids of marsupials. 2. Hepatic formation of vulpecholic acid (1 alpha,3 alpha,7 alpha-trihydroxy-5 beta-cholan-24-oic acid) from chenodeoxycholic acid in a marsupial, Trichosurus vulpecula (Lesson).

Free vulpecholic acid (1 alpha,3 alpha,7 alpha-trihydroxy-5 beta-cholan-24-oic) is the major biliary component of the Australian opossum (Trichosurus vulpecula), accompanied only by a few percent of its taurine conjugate. In order to exclude a microbial involvement in its formation (i.e., secondary origin) four sets of experiments were performed. It was found that a) the level of vulpecholic acid remained unchanged in the bile of opossums fed with neomycin and kanamycin for 7 days prior to bile collection; b) it also remained unchanged after long bile drainage; c) in opossums prepared with biliary cannula, intraportally injected [24-14C]chenodeoxycholic acid was transformed to [24-14C]vulpecholic acid; and d) in a similar experiment, the detectable transformation of [1 alpha,2 alpha-3H2]cholesterol to vulpecholic acid was observed. In experiment c) 28-66% of the administered radioactivity was secreted in 2 h in the form of free biliary vulpecholic and chenodeoxycholic acids. Only a trace amount of the corresponding taurine conjugates (approximately 0.4%) was formed. Moreover, rapidly declining specific radioactivity of the unconjugated chenodeoxycholic acid indicated its probable participation in the native formation of vulpecholic acid.
Produce and interaction of parallel multi-crack at perforation in deviated well fracturing

There will appear a series of almost parallel fractures from perforation tunnels when deviated wells are fractured. The prolongation and connection of fractures is affected by ground stress and fracture themselves. It is very important to hydraulic fracturing even facing complex condition. So, we simplify the model and calculate to get results for guiding perforation.Based on the theories of complex function and dislocation, a mathematical model for solving the stress strength of multiple cracks in infinite plate was developed, in consideration of the interaction between cracks and fluid pressure applied on the surface of very fracture.The mechanism of parallel multi-cracks interaction can be well explained with the mathematical model and both the intensity factors and the cracks propagation direction can be obtained using the solution of above model with numerical method in order to forecast the situation of fracture connection.
Biomonitoring as an Intervention against Methylmercury Exposure

Objectives. We evaluated the effectiveness of biomonitoring as an intervention against methylmercury exposure.
Deterrents to R.T. continuing education.

Constant changes in medicine and technology make continuing education (CE) vitally important for radiologic technologists. Understanding what deters radiographers from participating in CE may help improve CE programs. This article reports on a survey of deterrents to CE participation among radiographers. Results revealed that cost was the leading deterrent, followed closely by work constraints. In addition, certificate-level radiographers found lack of quality to be a significantly higher deterrent than did radiographers with an associate degree.
An Investigation of the Relationship Between the Alliance Negotiation Scale and Psychotherapy Process and Outcome.

Objective This study examines the validity of the Alliance Negotiation Scale (ANS) in a psychotherapy research program. Analyses were designed to evaluate the relationship between the ANS and psychotherapy process and outcome variables. Method Data were collected in a metropolitan psychotherapy research program. Participants completed 30 sessions of therapy, postsession assessments, and a battery of measures at intake and termination. Results Relationships were found between the ANS and session outcome, working alliance, and the presence of ruptures and their resolution. Relationships emerged between the ANS and treatment outcome on measures of psychiatric distress and interpersonal problems. Conclusions The ANS demonstrated relationships with several psychotherapy process and outcome variables. The ANS was the most differentiated from the working alliance on measures of interpersonal functioning and in discriminating personality disorder pathology. These results extend previous findings on the ANS’ psychometric integrity, and offer new data on the relationship between negotiation and treatment outcome.
Mechanisms of resistance to alkylating agents.

The alkylating agents produce cytotoxicity by chemically reacting with cellular components that contain electron-rich nitrogen, sulfur, or oxygen atoms. A multitude of cellular constituents, including amino acids, nucleotides, proteins, nucleic acids, and cell membranes are alkylated by the therapeutic alkylating agents. Although reaction with many of these targets will damage the cell, a considerable amount of evidence supports the hypothesis that the most critical damage produced by alkylating agents in antitumor therapy is the alkylation of the DNA bases to produce interstrand cross-links of DNA for bifunctional agents and strand breaks for monofunctional agents such as DTIC [1]. Both intuition and experience suggest that mechanisms of cellular resistance to alkylating agents will involve either the prevention of DNA damage by limitation of access into the cell, inactivation of alkylating agents once they are inside the cell, or by cellular repair of the DNA damage before the viability of the cell is lethally compromised. It has also been suggested that tumor cells may be resistant to alkylating agents and other antitumor drugs on the basis of in vivo phenomena.
The Epistemology of Testimony

I. TESTIMONY AND THOMAS REID II. TESTIMONY AND ITS PLACE IN EPISTEMOLOGY III. REDUCTIONISM AND NON-REDUCTIONISM IN THE EPISTEMOLOGY OF TESTIMONY IV. TESTIMONY AND THE EXTENT OF OUR DEPENDENCE ON OTHERS V. NEW AREAS AND NEW DIRECTIONS IN THE EPISTEMOLOGY OF TESTIMONY
Ejective Reduction in Chaha is Conditioned by More Than Prosodic Position

This paper examines a neutralization asymmetry in Chaha ejectives, concluding that reduction is conditioned not by prosodic position alone, but also by place and manner of articulation. An acoustic examination of Chaha, a Gurage dialect of the Ethiopian Semitic language family, shows that its velar ejectives display a much stronger tendency to lose burst cues before another ejective than do alveolar ejectives in the same environment. This pattern of laryngeal neutralization provides important support for phonetically informed phonological theories. Purely prosody-based theories cannot account for this behavior but a viable alternative is found in a cue-based approach.
Hypoconnectivity of Resting-State Networks in Persons with Aphasia Compared with Healthy Age-Matched Adults.

Aphasia is a language disorder affecting more than one million people in the US. While language function has traditionally been the focus of neuroimaging research, other cognitive functions are affected in this population, which has implications not only for those specific processes but also for the interaction of language and other cognitive functions. Resting state fMRI (rs-fMRI) is a practical and informative way to explore and characterize general cognitive engagement and/or health in this population, but it is currently underutilized. The aim of this study was to explore the functional connectivity in resting state networks (RSNs) and in the semantic network in seven persons with aphasia (PWA) who were at least six months post onset compared with eleven neurologically healthy adults (NHA) in order to gain a more comprehensive understanding of general cognitive engagement in aphasia. These preliminary results show that PWA exhibit hypoconnectivity in the semantic network and all RSNs except the visual network. Compared with NHA, PWA appear to have fewer cross- and left-hemispheric connections. However, PWA exhibit some stronger connections than NHA within the semantic network, which could indicate compensatory mechanisms. Importantly, connectivity for RSNs appear to increase with decreasing aphasia severity and decrease with increasing lesion size. This knowledge has the potential to improve aphasia therapy by furthering the understanding of lesion effects on the cognitive system as a whole, which can guide treatment target selection and promotion of favorable neural reorganization for optimal recovery of function.
Why Technology Companies Can Not Sell

Should be innovative in technology sales? The obvious answer is that yes, the correct response is that innovation as we understand the majority, should not be a factor necessarily the main goal, the main objective should be to think differently. The goal should be to get the company to think differently about how to communicate, inform and spread the message regarding their technology (products and services).
Relationships Between Early Wheat Streak Mosaic Severity Levels and Grain Yield: Implications for Management Decisions

Wheat streak mosaic (WSM) caused by Wheat streak mosaic virus, which is transmitted by the wheat curl mite (Aceria tosichella), is a major yield-limiting disease in the Texas High Plains. In addition to its impact on grain production, the disease reduces water-use efficiency by affecting root development. Because of the declining Ogallala Aquifer water level, water conservation has become one of the major pressing issues in the region. Thus, questions are often raised as to whether it is worthwhile to irrigate infected fields in light of the water conservation issues, associated energy costs, and current wheat prices. To address some of these questions, field experiments were conducted in 2013 and 2016 at two separate locations to determine whether grain yield could be predicted from disease severity levels, assessed early in the spring, for potential use as a decision tool for crop management, including irrigation. In both fields, disease severity assessments started in April, using a handheld hyperspect...
‘No effort, no entry’: Fashioning Ubuntu and becoming queer in Cape Town:

This article presents data from five years of research on fashion, gay identity, and post-apartheid democracy in Cape Town, South Africa. Through interviews, observations, and survey data on the ex...
A multidisciplinary approach for the management of earlier stage renal cell carcinoma

Transitioning agents that are effective in advanced disease to earlier disease settings is a common pathway for drug development and a concept that has been applied to multiple agents across several tumor types. This approach is relevant in high risk renal cell carcinoma (RCC) where the relapse rate is high. Unfortunately, between 20% and 40% relapse after nephrectomy and approximately one third of patients have evidence of metastasis at initial diagnosis. These patients will proceed with focal or systemic therapy during the course of disease.
700-μJ, 100-ns, 20-kHz pulses from a 1.5-m Thulium-doped fiber amplifier

We report on a 2 μm master oscillator power amplifier (MOPA) fiber laser system capable of producing 700 μJ pulse energies from a single 1.5 m long amplifier. The oscillator is a single-mode, thulium-doped fiber that is Q-switched by an acousto-optic modulator. The oscillator seeds the amplifier with 1 W average power at 20 kHz repetition rate. The power amplifier is a polarization-maintaining, large mode area thulium-doped fiber cladding pumped by a 793 nm fiber-coupled diode. The fiber length is minimized to avoid nonlinearities during amplification while simultaneously enabling high energy extraction. The system delivers 700 μJ pulse energies with 114 ns pulse duration and 14 W average power at 1977 nm center wavelength.
Echocardiographic predictors of change in renal function with intravenous diuresis for decompensated heart failure.

Aims The aim of this study was to identify echocardiographic predictors of improved or worsening renal function during intravenous diuresis for decompensated heart failure. Secondary aim included defining the incidence and clinical risk factors for acute changes in renal function with decongestion. Methods and results A retrospective review of 363 patients admitted to a single centre for decompensated heart failure who underwent intravenous diuresis and transthoracic echocardiography was conducted. Clinical, echocardiographic, and renal function data were retrospectively collected. A multinomial logistic regression model was created to determine relative risk ratios for improved renal function (IRF) or worsening renal function (WRF). Within this cohort, 36% of patients experienced WRF, 35% had stable renal function, and 29% had IRF. Patients with WRF were more likely to have a preserved left ventricular ejection fraction compared with those with stable renal function or IRF (P = 0.02). Patients with IRF were more likely to have a dilated, hypokinetic right ventricle compared with those with stable renal function or WRF (P ≤ 0.01), although this was not significant after adjustment for baseline characteristics. Left atrial size, left ventricular linear dimensions, and diastolic function did not significantly predict change in renal function. Conclusions An acute change in renal function occurred in 65% of patients admitted with decompensated heart failure. WRF was statistically more likely in patients with a preserved left ventricular ejection fraction. A trend towards IRF was noted in patients with global right ventricular dysfunction.
Enhancing the Future of Vulnerability Theory

In this chapter, we map the future of vulnerability theory in social work. First, we summarize the disaster vulnerability concept with reference to the perspectives of both development and resilience. A comparison of the work done on development and resilience shows these perspectives to be complementary. Second, we build on this complementarity by integrating resilience into vulnerability theory, resulting in vulnerability + theory. The empirical support for vulnerability + theory is reviewed and also illustrated through a series of graphs. Finally, the future of vulnerability + theory for disaster social work is considered, with a focus on root causes, resources, liabilities (risk factors) and capabilities (protective factors), and community development.
An Exploration of Coaching Research in Journal of Applied Sport Psychology from 1989 to 2017

This article seeks to examine the treatment of coaching research within Journal of Applied Sport Psychology (JASP) and, specifically, to explore whether the Association for Applied Sport Psychology...
Analysis of Eddy Current: What Can Be Done to Reduce the Number of False Positives and False Negatives Made by Human Operators in Nondestructive Testing?

This work identifies the potential for improving the reliability of nondestructive testing (NDT) in the aviation industry. This particular work is focused on a piece of equipment called eddy curren...
Risk factors associated with the venous leg ulcer that fails to heal after 1 year of treatment.

Abstract Background Despite regular treatment of venous leg ulcers (VLUs), some fail to heal. Although several risk factors have previously been identified to be associated with the failure of VLUs to heal, the majority of studies are limited to Methods A retrospective cohort study was performed at an academic vascular and wound center. A total of 65 patients with VLUs who were observed for a year or more were identified. These patients underwent a variety of treatments following the Society for Vascular Surgery and American Venous Forum VLU guidelines. Risk factors, which were based on previously defined elements for failure of VLUs to heal after a period of treatment, were examined. Both univariate (unadjusted) and multivariate (adjusted) logistic regression analyses were used to assess the magnitude of effect that a given risk factor had on healing. Results Of 65 patients treated for a minimum of 52 weeks, 19 (29%) remained unhealed. By univariate analysis, deep venous disease (P = .01; odds ratio [OR], 5.82; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.49-22.72), history of deep venous thrombosis (P Conclusions This study confirmed that risk factors known to be associated with the failure of a VLU to heal—deep venous disease and post-thrombotic etiology—were significant at 52 weeks, whereas depression and race (nonwhite) are novel risk factors. An analysis of markers of access to care showed no difference between white and nonwhite, suggesting other factors as a cause. The predominance of deep venous disease in the unhealed vs healed cohort (84% vs 48%) highlights the need for a viable treatment option for deep venous disease due to reflux. Overall, this study emphasizes the need to consider all risk factors when evaluating a patient for VLU to coordinate an effective treatment plan and to identify gaps in our treatment.
L1-NORM HIGHER-ORDER SINGULAR-VALUE DECOMPOSITION

Higher-Order Singular-Value Decomposition (HOSVD) is a standard algorithm for TUCKER decomposition of tensors. Regretfully, TUCKER decomposition has been shown to be sensitive against outliers in the data, due to its L2-norm-based formulation. In this paper, we first introduce L1-TUCKER, an outlier-resistant L1-norm-based variant of TUCKER decomposition. Then, we present L1-HOSVD, a novel algorithm for the solution of L1-TUCKER. Our numerical studies illustrate the outlier resistance of L1-HOSVD compared to HOSVD and other state-of-the-art methods.
Criteria for Timing a Grant of Belligerency

During the course of the Civil War in America there was extended discussion between the chief foreign policy officers of the United States and of Great Britain over the proper timing of a grant of belligerent rights. It will be recalled that Lincoln issued a Proclamation of Blockade of the Southern ports in April of 1861. At the end of the same month Russell, British Foreign Secretary, having received word of the President’s notification of blockade, caused to be issued a proclamation of neutrality. The government of the United States was deeply concerned about the possibility of British intervention in the war in behalf of the Confederacy, so it viewed with immediate suspicion the recognition as the first stage in that intervention.1
Distal Extent of Surgery for Acute Type A Aortic Dissection

Acute type A aortic dissection (TAAD) is a complex disease associated with extremely high morbidity and mortality for which we advocate a coordinated, protocol-driven system of care delivery that begins at patient diagnosis and continues throughout and beyond aortic reconstruction. Essential components of TAAD repair include prompt restoration of true lumen blood flow with obliteration of the false lumen flow, resection of the primary tear sites, restoration of valvular competency, and elimination of any organ malperfusion. This article focuses specifically on extent of repair of the aortic arch and explains our protocols regarding cannulation location and technique, cerebral and distal organ protection strategy, management of the brachiocephalic vessels, and extent of distal aortic reconstruction. We describe an operative strategy for TAAD repair that includes (1) continuous neurocerebral monitoring in all cases, (2) uninterrupted antegrade and/or retrograde cerebral perfusion (depending upon extent of arch repair) during open arch reconstruction, (3) aortic arch replacement technique with or without brachiocephalic vessel replacement using a custom trifurcate graft, and (4) descending aortic stabilization with or without the use of an elephant or frozen elephant trunk (distal stent graft). Our protocol for extent of aortic arch and brachiocephalic reconstruction has been standardized and is predicated on distinct pathoanatomic findings and/or cerebral malperfusion that are outlined.
A Novel Fault Self-Detectable Universal Quantum Reversible Circuits Array Design

Many classic logic gates are irreversible, such as "And gate", or "Or gate". This irreversibility of the calculation results in energy consumption. Reversible circuit technology, like quantum circuits, in which the entire calculation process does not consume energy, can be used for low-power microchip and quantum communication applications. Most technologies focus on the synthesis of reversible circuits, rarely on fault testing. Fault testing is certainly an important step in any powerful implementation. In this paper, we design two reversible quantum units that each one can be used as testing circuit for another. The proposed design for fault self-detection is based on two facts. The complex quantum circuit can be achieved by combining the universal quantum units in parallel or cascade. The quantum circuit is naturally reversible. As a result, a novel universal quantum unit pair for fault self-detection is designed. The proposed structure does not need any extra DFT testing circuit; therefore, the testing cost has been reduced. Besides, even the scale of the circuit increases, the testing complexity stays in O(√n). Thus, our proposed design is efficient for a large scale quantum circuit.
The endgame of gas giant formation: accretion luminosity and contraction post-runaway

Giant planets are thought to form by runaway gas accretion onto solid cores. Growth must eventually stop running away, ostensibly because planets open gaps (annular cavities) in their surrounding discs. Typical models stop runaway by artificially capping the accretion rate and lowering it to zero over an arbitrarily short time-scale. In reality, post-runaway accretion persists as long as the disc remains. During this final and possibly longest phase of formation, when the planet is still emerging from the disc, its mass can more than double, and its radius contracts by orders of magnitude. By drawing from the theory of how gaps clear, we find that post-runaway accretion luminosities diverge depending on disc viscosity: luminosities fall in low-viscosity discs but continue to rise past runaway in high-viscosity discs. This divergence amounts to a factor of $10^2$ by the time the disc disperses. Irrespective of the specifics of how planets interact with discs, the observed luminosity and age of an accreting planet can be used to calculate its instantaneous mass, radius, and accretion rate. We perform this exercise for the planet candidates embedded within the discs orbiting PDS 70, HD 163296, and MWC 758, inferring masses of $1-10\, M_{\rm J}$, accretion rates of $0.1-10\, M_{\rm J}$/Myr, and radii of $1-10\, R_{\rm J}$. Our radii are computed self-consistently from the planet's concurrent contraction and accretion and do not necessarily equal the value of $2R_{\rm J}$ commonly assumed; in particular, the radius depends on the envelope opacity as $R \propto \kappa^{0.5}$.
Positive Airway Pressure Adherence in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea with Schizophrenia.

To determine the 1-year and 3-year adherence rates with Positive Airway Pressure (PAP) therapy in patients with schizophrenia compared to matched controls. A case–control retrospective analysis was performed in a Veterans Affairs hospital. All symptomatic patients with schizophrenia ever started on PAP therapy between 2007 and 2015 were compared with controls matched for severity of sleep apnea based on AHI, BMI, and age at the time of diagnosis. Total number of subjects in both groups was 39. Mean AHI among cases and controls was 27.63 ± 22.16 and 33.59 ± 44.04 (p = 0.32), mean BMI was 34.91 ± 5.87 and 33.92 ± 5.21 (p = 0.43), and mean age at diagnosis was 53.6 ± 11.75 and 55.97 ± 11.92 (p = 0.36), respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in PAP use between patients with schizophrenia and controls at 1-year (percent days device use > 4 h—36.43% ± 31.41 vs. 49.09% ± 38.76; p = 0.17) and 3-year (percent days device use > 4 h—42.43 ± 35.50 vs. 60.53 ± 38.56; p = 0.089) visits PAP adherence and usage is not significantly different among patients with schizophrenia compared to matched controls. Therefore, schizophrenia does not appear to influence CPAP compliance.
TapNet: Multivariate Time Series Classification with Attentional Prototypical Network

With the advance of sensor technologies, the Multivariate Time Series classification (MTSC) problem, perhaps one of the most essential problems in the time series data mining domain, has continuously received a significant amount of attention in recent decades. Traditional time series classification approaches based on Bag-of-Patterns or Time Series Shapelet have difficulty dealing with the huge amounts of feature candidates generated in high-dimensional multivariate data but have promising performance even when the training set is small. In contrast, deep learning based methods can learn low-dimensional features efficiently but suffer from a shortage of labelled data. In this paper, we propose a novel MTSC model with an attentional prototype network to take the strengths of both traditional and deep learning based approaches. Specifically, we design a random group permutation method combined with multi-layer convolutional networks to learn the low-dimensional features from multivariate time series data. To handle the issue of limited training labels, we propose a novel attentional prototype network to train the feature representation based on their distance to class prototypes with inadequate data labels. In addition, we extend our model into its semi-supervised setting by utilizing the unlabeled data. Extensive experiments on 18 datasets in a public UEA Multivariate time series archive with eight state-of-the-art baseline methods exhibit the effectiveness of the proposed model.
On rhetoric and ratings: Assessing narrative identity via conceptual coding and self-ratings

Abstract Narrative identity is commonly assessed by prompting participants for descriptions of key scenes (e.g., turning points). Coders then quantify these scenes for features such as redemption (negative beginning, positive ending), contamination (positive beginning, negative ending), and affective tone. Here, we incorporated an additional, complimentary assessment in the study of narrative identity: self-ratings. Across two studies, participants narrated scenes, indicated whether each was redemptive or contaminated in nature and rated its tone, and completed measures of life satisfaction. Coders then provided ratings of the redemptive imagery, contaminated imagery, and tone present in narratives. Self-ratings of redemptive imagery and tone corresponded with the equivalent coder ratings. Self-rated tone also corresponded with life satisfaction. These relations remained after considering a number of covariates.
Research Coherence: A Framework for Successful Student Research

When researching and writing scholarly papers for semester-long projects, undergraduate students face challenges, such as research anxiety, overestimation of research skills, poor time management, ...
Driving Innovation and Removing Barriers: Forrest Shull Takes the Helm as 2021 IEEE Computer Society President

Marking the 75th anniversary of the IEEE Computer Society (CS), Computer is launching this new "President's Profile" format and has asked Megha Ben, the chair of IEEE CS's Student and Young Professional Activities, to talk with CS President Forrest Shull about how his active volunteering experiences - including as IEEE Software's editor in chief and a Board of Governors member - have shaped his leadership style, career, and vision for the future. Sharing his experiences and driving technical interests, he highlights his priorities for the coming year, including increasing the Society's focus on the needs of the student and young professional members, given the key role they play in our future success.
Neonatal anesthesia and dysregulation of the epigenome

Each year, millions of infants and children are anesthetized for medical and surgical procedures. Yet, a substantial body of preclinical evidence suggests that anesthetics are neurotoxins that cause rapid and widespread apoptotic cell death in the brains of infant rodents and nonhuman primates. These animals have persistent impairments in cognition and behavior many weeks or months after anesthesia exposure, leading us to hypothesize that anesthetics do more than simply kill brain cells. Indeed, anesthetics cause chronic neuropathology in neurons that survive the insult, which then interferes with major aspects of brain development, synaptic plasticity, and neuronal function. Understanding the phenomenon of anesthesia-induced developmental neurotoxicity is of critical public health importance because clinical studies now report that anesthesia in human infancy is associated with cognitive and behavioral deficits. In our search for mechanistic explanations for why a young and pliable brain cannot fully recover from a relatively brief period of anesthesia, we have accumulated evidence that neonatal anesthesia can dysregulate epigenetic tags that influence gene transcription such as histone acetylation and DNA methylation. In this review, we briefly summarize the phenomenon of anesthesia-induced developmental neurotoxicity. We then discuss chronic neuropathology caused by neonatal anesthesia, including disturbances in cognition, socio-affective behavior, neuronal morphology, and synaptic plasticity. Finally, we present evidence of anesthesia-induced genetic and epigenetic dysregulation within the developing brain that may be transmitted intergenerationally to anesthesia-naive offspring. Summary sentence Neonatal anesthesia can alter the epigenome, and these neuropathological changes can be inherited by anesthesia-naive offspring. Graphical Abstract