cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An essentially non-oscillatory high-resolution Pade-type (ENO-Pade) scheme

A new, essentially non-oscillatory high-order Padetype scheme is developed by incorporating the EN0 interpolation algorithm into the Pade scheme. The scheme is designed to eliminate the non-physical oscillatory behavior of the Pade scheme across discontinuitie and to improve the performance of the EN0 scheme in smooth regions. The method is applied to the solution of the scalar transport equation and incompressible fluid flow equations, while the extension of the method to the solution of compressible fluid fow equations is illustrated. A number of numerical test cases, including two scalar-transport problems, two incompressible flows, and one shock reflection compressible flow, are used to demonstrate the performance of the ENO-Pade scheme. The numerical results show that the ENO-Pade scheme is an excellent compromise of the available schemes for resolving profiles over flow discontinuities while maintaining accurate flow structures in smooth regions.
Detection of Near-Surface 52Cr Segregation in Irradiated 51V(Cr) By Rbs

Irradiation at elevated temperatures of V(Cr) alloys is known to create a near-surface layer of nonequilibrium Cr enrichment. Highly reproducible RBS spectra were accumulated from a V-15%Cr alloy irradiated at 750°C, and from unirradiated portions of the same specimen. Differences between these spectra are used to demonstrate the high sensitivity of conventional RBS techniques for determining near-surface segregation behavior. Sensitivities obtained utilizing differences in the acquired spectra are much higher than those typically assumed for RBS measurements. Using 1.8 MeV 4He, and conventional RBS equipment and scattering geometries, segregation of < two atomic layers of 52Cr in 51V- 15at.%Cr over a depth of ∼5 nm has been observed.
Immunologic Studies in Patients with Chronic Active Hepatitis and Primary Biliary Cirrhosis I. Cytotoxic Activity and Binding of Sera to Human Liver Cells Grown in Tissue Culture

SummarySera from patients with chronic active hepatitis and primary biliary cirrhosis containing a variety of antibodies (smooth muscle, mitochondria, nuclei) as well as hepatitis B antigen failed to show a cytotoxic activity against autologous liver cells, heterologous liver cells, Chang liver cells or other cell lines of nonhepatic sources. Cytotoxicity was measured by the microassay technique using morphologic evaluation and counting of surviving cells, and by 51Cr release from labeled cells.Lack of cytotoxicity was observed in spite of reactivity of antibodies with cultured liver cells. Mitochondrial antibodies stained the cells diffusely; smooth muscle antibodies bound to the cells in a filamentous pattern.
Broadening not strengthening of the Agulhas Current since the early 1990s

The Agulhas Current has not intensified since the early 1990s, but has instead broadened as a result of more eddy activity. Climate models suggest that global wind systems will continue to expand towards the poles and intensify, and as a result it is widely expected that western oceanic boundary currents such as the Agulhas Current off South Africa will also intensify under global warming. But Lisa Beal and Shane Elipot show here that the Agulhas Current has broadened but not strengthened since the early 1990s, largely as a result of increased eddy activity. The research highlights the critical role of eddies in moderating energy flows in boundary currents, and questions our understanding of how ocean currents will act to redistribute energy in a warming climate. Western boundary currents—such as the Agulhas Current in the Indian Ocean—carry heat poleward, moderating Earth’s climate and fuelling the mid-latitude storm tracks1,2. They could exacerbate or mitigate warming and extreme weather events in the future, depending on their response to anthropogenic climate change. Climate models show an ongoing poleward expansion and intensification of the global wind systems, most robustly in the Southern Hemisphere3,4,5, and linear dynamical theory6,7 suggests that western boundary currents will intensify and shift poleward as a result3,8. Observational evidence of such changes comes from accelerated warming and air–sea heat flux rates within all western boundary currents, which are two or three times faster than global mean rates5,9,10. Here we show that, despite these expectations, the Agulhas Current has not intensified since the early 1990s. Instead, we find that it has broadened as a result of more eddy activity. Recent analyses of other western boundary currents—the Kuroshio and East Australia currents—hint at similar trends11,12,13,14,15. These results indicate that intensifying winds may be increasing the eddy kinetic energy of boundary currents, rather than their mean flow. This could act to decrease poleward heat transport and increase cross-frontal exchange of nutrients and pollutants between the coastal ocean and the deep ocean. Sustained in situ measurements are needed to properly understand the role of these current systems in a changing climate.
Microstructure: An Introduction

This chapter gives a brief account of the different microscopic techniques to observe and interpret the microstructures of metals and alloys. The whole range of techniques from optical, scanning electron and transmission electron to field ion microscopy techniques is covered. The basic principles of the different microscopes, the advantages and limitations of the variety of techniques, and interpretation of microstructural features are described. Since it would be difficult to include the details of all the techniques, the list of references contains important resources for additional details of all of the techniques described in this chapter.
Effect of Li, Fe, and B Addition on the Crystallization Behavior of Sodium Aluminosilicate Glasses as Analogues for Hanford High Level Waste Glasses

Crystallization of aluminosilicates during the conversion of Hanford high-level waste (HLW) to glass is a function of the composition of the glass-forming melt. In high-sodium, highaluminum waste streams, the crystallization of nepheline (NaAlSiO4) removes chemically durable glass-formers from the melt, leaving behind a residual melt that is enriched in less durable components, such as sodium and boron. We seek to further understand the effect of lithium, boron, and iron addition on the crystallization of model silicate glasses as analogues for the complex waste glass. Boron and iron behave as glass intermediates which allow for crystallization when present in low additions but frustrate crystallization in high additions. In this work, we seek to compare the average structures of quenched and heat treated glasses through Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, vibrating sample magnetometry, and X-ray pair distribution function analysis. The endmembers of this study are feldspathoid-like (LiAlSiO4, NaAlSiO4, NaBSiO4, and NaFeSiO4), pyroxene-like (LiAlSi2O6, NaAlSi2O6, NaBSi2O6, and NaFeSi2O6), and feldspar-like (LiAlSi3O8, NaAlSi3O8, NaBSi3O8, and NaFeSi3O8). Such a comparison will provide further insight on the complex relationship between the average chemical ordering and topology of glass on crystallization.
Predictors of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM) patients with and without prophylactic recombinant erythropoietin (EPO) therapy

9554 Background: DVT, a complication among newly diagnosed MM patients, is most common during the first 3–4 months of therapy. EPO, given to treat anemia in patients receiving chemotherapy, has bee...
The Humanitarian and Human Rights Resource Center: support to address global forensic issues.

Dear Editor,Global applications of forensic science are influenced by many factors. Notable among these are financial resources, training, equipment, maintenance of equipment, available professiona...
“It Can Promote an Existential Crisis”: Factors Influencing Pap Test Acceptability and Utilization Among Transmasculine Individuals:

Transmasculine (i.e., female-to-male transgender) individuals have lower rates of cervical cancer screening than nontransgender women and often report negative experiences with the Pap test. Decidi...
Carbon nanotube electronic displacement encoder with sub-nanometer resolution

Electric conductance of a telescope double-walled carbon nanotube oscillates as a function of telescoping distance. The period of such oscillation is one half of the lattice constant of graphene, $a/2 = 0.123$nm, instead of the lattice constant $a$ as expected. The halving of the period results from the combination of the periodic interlayer lattice alignment and the occurrence of antiresonance. When combined with the periodicity in the energy space at a fixed displacement, the telescopic displacement can be reliably and accurately determined to the sub-nanometer resolution. This effect can be used to design an electronic displacement encoder.
Are You Covered? Associations Between Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act Knowledge and Preventive Reproductive Service Use:

Purpose:Sexual and reproductive health conditions (eg, infections, cancers) represent public health concerns for American women. The present study examined how knowledge of the Patient Protection a...
Event Semantics: A Husserlian Critique

Event semantics is concerned with the formal structure of sentences which appear to describe an event of some kind, e.g. ‘Brutus kills Caesar,’ or ‘My tooth fell out.’ Phenomenologists should be interested in work in this field, if they hope to rescue Husserl’s phenomenology of judgment from its narrow focus on copular judgments of the form ‘S is p.’ An adequate phenomenology of judgment must ultimately develop an account of judgments whose intentional correlates seem to be events, rather than states of affairs, since such judgments are ubiquitous. For this endeavor, existing work on the formal structure of event sentences provides a crucial foothold. However, phenomenologists cannot simply import semantic theories for their own use, without first evaluating them for phenomenological plausibility. This concern is particularly acute in the case of the widely-adopted “Davidsonian” approach, according to which the logical structure of event sentences diverges radically from natural language syntax. The Davidsonian form introduces a “covert” variable, which stands in for an event. Thus, the sentence ‘Brutus kills Caesar’ becomes, ‘There is an event e that is a killing of Caesar by Brutus.’ Such a theory, if correct, would have decisive consequences for the phenomenology of event sentences, and even of events themselves. Yet the introduction of covert variables in turn introduces—I argue—a covert intentional object, without assessing this idea for phenomenological plausibility. Building on Husserl’s phenomenology of predication, I develop a criterion for evaluating this hypothesis, and argue that the Davidsonian approach, as it stands, is phenomenologically untenable.
Seasonal Reproduction in Vertebrates: Melatonin Synthesis, Binding, and Functionality Using Tinbergen's Four Questions.

One of the many functions of melatonin in vertebrates is seasonal reproductive timing. Longer nights in winter correspond to an extended duration of melatonin secretion. The purpose of this review is to discuss melatonin synthesis, receptor subtypes, and function in the context of seasonality across vertebrates. We conclude with Tinbergen’s Four Questions to create a comparative framework for future melatonin research in the context of seasonal reproduction.
How Did Buddhism Matter in Tang Poetry

Buddhism was often a theme in poetry, especially when writing to monks and on Buddhist sites; it was sometimes a deep conviction on the part of individual poets that contributed to the way they represented the world. There was a period, however, from the ninth through early eleventh century, when Chan meditation shaped how poets thought about the very way of writing poetry. The common use of the [Buddhist] “Way” or Chan in parallel with “poetry” in couplets from this period worked through the possible relations: identity, similarity, complementarity, and mutual exclusion. But the presumption was that the composition of poetry was the counterpart of Chan meditation. Such serious reflection on the relation between Chan meditation practice and poetry eventually devolved into Yan Yu’s thirteenth-century comparison of Chan sectarian doctrine with the study of poetry. Le bouddhisme est un theme tres frequent dans la poesie chinoise, en particulier quand le poete ecrit a un moine ou au sujet d’un site bouddhique. Il constitue dans certains cas une conviction profonde qui contribue fortement a forger la representation du monde telle que le poete l’exprime en vers. Il y eut cependant une epoque, entre le ixe et le debut du xie siecle, ou la meditation Chan a faconne la facon meme dont les poetes concevaient l’ecriture poetique. L’usage frequent des termes “Voie” (bouddhique) ou Chan en parallele avec celui de “poesie” dans les couplets de cette epoque couvre la gamme de leurs relations possibles: identite, similarite, complementarite et exclusion mutuelle. L’hypothese commune a ces diverses options etait que l’ecriture poetique etait l’homologue de la meditation Chan. Ces reflexions elaborees sur les rapports entre les pratiques de la meditation Chan et de la poesie ont debouche au xiiie siecle sur la comparaison menee par Yan Yu entre la doctrine Chan et l’etude de la poesie.
The father-daughter relationship in the wake of maternal death from breast cancer.

OBJECTIVES This paper examines whether a relationship exists between paternal psychological stability and daughters' symptomatology following the death of a wife/mother from breast cancer. Specifically, is there a relationship between paternal parenting style and the daughters' subsequent capacity to form committed relationships later in life? METHODS We assessed 68 adult daughters (average age = 23.5 years) since the mother's breast cancer diagnosis by means of a semistructured clinical interview and psychological testing. RESULTS The daughters were subdivided into three psychiatric risk groups. Those in the highest risk group were most likely to be single and to have high CES-Depression and STAI-Anxiety scores. Daughters in the highest risk group were also most likely to have fathers who abused substances, fathers who had experienced a serious psychiatric event, and families with the most closed communication about the mother's cancer. SIGNIFICANCE OF RESULTS Psychopathology in fathers correlated with increasing anxiety and depression in adult daughters. Daughters at the highest level of risk had the most severe affective states, the most disturbed father-daughter bonding, and the least ability to create successful interpersonal relationships as adults. We suggest specific interventions for these daughters of the lowest-functioning fathers.
Learning to rank for information retrieval (LR4IR 2008)

Learning to rank is a machine learning technique for constructing a ranking function from training data and it can be applied into a variety of tasks in information retrieval. Learning to rank has been receiving keen and growing interest in information retrieval and machine learning recently. For example, 1) Many papers on learning to rank and related topics have been published at the major machine learning and information retrieval conferences recently. a. ICML 2007 and ICML2008 b. SIGIR2007 and SIGIR2008 2) Workshops have been organized with learning to rank as the main theme. a. NIPS 2005 workshop on learning to rank b. ICML 2006 workshop on learning in structured output space c. SIGIR 2007 workshop on learning to rank for information retrieval (LR4IR 2007). 3) Benchmark dataset LETOR has been released. Until now, there have been over 500 downloads of the dataset.
Study of the Nuclear Reactions Sc 45 ( p , n ) Ti 45 , Cu 63 ( p , n ) Zn 63 , Cu 65 ( p , n ) Zn 65 , and Zn ( p , n ) Ga

The counter ratio method has been applied to the ($p, n$) reactions for ${\mathrm{Sc}}^{45}$, ${\mathrm{Cu}}^{63}$, ${\mathrm{Cu}}^{65}$, and Zn to determine the $Q$-values for the ground-state thresholds and to locate low-lying states in the residual nuclei. The thresholds for the ($p, n$) reactions were found to be 2.908 Mev for ${\mathrm{Sc}}^{45}$, 4.215 Mev for ${\mathrm{Cu}}^{63}$, 2.169 Mev for ${\mathrm{Cu}}^{65}$, and 3.749 Mev for ${\mathrm{Zn}}^{68}$. Other neutron thresholds were found corresponding to excited states in ${\mathrm{Ti}}^{45}$ at 0.743, 1.194, 1.347, 1.460, 1.876, 2.016, 2.430, and 2.555 Mev; in ${\mathrm{Zn}}^{63}$ at 0.191, 0.642, and 1.043 Mev; and in ${\mathrm{Zn}}^{65}$ at 0.78, 1.26, and 1.93 Mev. A threshold was found in the $\mathrm{Zn}(p, n)\mathrm{Ga}$ reaction which is probably due to a level in ${\mathrm{Ga}}^{68}$ at 0.170 Mev. Cross sections for the yield of neutrons in the forward direction were determined. The yields of neutrons from thin ${\mathrm{Sc}}^{45}$ and ${\mathrm{Cu}}^{63}$ targets were obtained for the proton energy region from the thresholds to 70 kev above these thresholds. McKibben nomographs are given for these two reactions.
Implementing non-traditional assessment strategies in teacher preparation: Opportunities and challenges

Assessment and grading in higher education have traditionally focused on “A” through “F”, or point-based alpha-numeric letter grades and subjective, independent grading systems. Despite the ubiquity of this system, there are no universal guidelines on how to assess student learning on that scale. What can be problematic about “the way things have always been” is that students are frequently de-humanized; higher education faculty often focus on compliance and authoritarian teaching rather than engaging in the learning process alongside the students. In contrast, some faculty members have explored non-traditional assessment practices in their coursework to enhance the learning process and improve individualized student support. This article offers strategies for implementing non-traditional assessments, specifically mediated office hours, mastery learning, and ungrading strategies are addressed.
From transparency to opacity: storytelling in Zimbabwe under state surveillance and the internet shutdown

In response to mass protests in Zimbabwe in January 2019, the government ordered all internet service providers in the country to suspend operations. While Zimbabwe experienced its first total inte...
Spitzer Observations of the Prototypical Extremely Red Objects HR10 and LBDS53W091: Separating Dusty Starbursts from Old Elliptical Galaxies

We present Spitzer Space Telescope observations of the well-studied extremely red objects (EROs) HR10 and LBDS53W091 from 3.6 to 160 microns. These galaxies are the prototypes of the two primary classes of EROs: dusty starbursts and old, evolved galaxies, respectively. Both galaxies, as well as LBDS53W069, another example of an old, quiescent galaxy, are well-detected out to 8 microns. However, only the dusty starburst HR10 is detected in the far-infrared. All three EROs have stellar masses of a few times 10^11 M(sun). Using evolutionary model fits to their multiband photometry, we predict the infrared colors of similar EROs at 1<z<2. We find that blueward of observed 10 microns, the two ERO classes are virtually indistinguishable photometrically. Deep spectroscopy and 24 micron data allow the classes to be separated.
Synthesis of Linear Polymers in High Molecular Weights via Reaction-Enhanced Reactivity of Intermediates Using Friedel–Crafts Polycondensation

Linear polymers for many materials applications are popularly produced via step-growth polymerizations of different pairs of A2 and B2 monomers. However, achieving high molecular weights during the...
Trends and variations in utilization and costs of radiotherapy for prostate cancer: A SEER medicare analysis from 2007 through 2016

Abstract OBJECTIVE To assess recent changes and disparities in utilization and costs of radiotherapy in Medicare beneficiaries with prostate cancer. METHODS Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) –Medicare linked data from 2006-2016 were used to identify continuously enrolled Medicare beneficiaries with a first-time diagnosis of prostate cancer who, within 12 months of diagnosis, underwent at least one radiotherapy related service. Trends in the utilization of different radiotherapy techniques over time, yearly changes in per-patient costs of radiotherapy, and effect of socio-demographic and clinical characteristics on total cost were measured. Per patient annual costs, annual incidence of prostate cancer, and utilization of radiotherapy were used to estimate total costs of radiotherapy to the Medicare program. RESULTS For Medicare beneficiaries with a first-time diagnosis of prostate cancer, the utilization of intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), proton therapy, and stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) increased 23.62%, 0.74% and 1.61% respectively (p DISCUSSION In Medicare beneficiaries with prostate cancer treated with radiotherapy, IMRT is the primary mode of treatment. Utilization of brachytherapy decreased significantly despite the efficacy and cost-effectiveness. Although per patient costs have decreased, the share of patient responsibility remained unaltered across years. The current costs to Medicare of radiotherapy for newly diagnosed prostate cancer patients is substantial.
A Situational Awareness Architecture for the Smart Grid

Components of the electric power grid that were traditionally deployed in physically isolated networks, are now using IP based, interconnected networks to transmit Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) messages. SCADA protocols were not designed with security in mind. Therefore, in order to enhance security, access control and risk mitigation, operators need detailed and accurate information about the status, integrity, configuration and network topology of SCADA devices. This paper describes a comprehensive system architecture that provides situational awareness (SA) for SCADA devices and their operations in a Smart Grid environment. The proposed SA architecture collects and analyzes industrial traffic and stores relevant information, verifies the integrity and the status of field devices and reports identified anomalies to operators.
Communitarian elements in select works of Martin Buber

Adoptant la position neo-communautariste en faveur d'un equilibre entre la responsabilite sociale de la personne et l'universalite des droits individuels, l'A. se propose de mettre en evidence les elements communautaristes de la pensee de M. Buber, fondee sur la relation diadique entre le je et le tu comme principe historique et culturel de la communaute. Examinant l'approche holiste de la communaute comprise dans sa relation avec la personne, et comparant la notion liberale de deliberation avec la notion de dialogue authentique chez Buber, l'A. montre que la position amorale et non-normative du philosophe privilegie la petite communaute personnelle sur la societe bureaucratique et etatique
La razón postcolonial: herencias coloniales y teorías postcoloniales

El concepto de razon postcolonial trata de insinuar una forma de pensar que se articula en los legados coloniales y, a partir de la construccion de esos legados, trata de pensar la modernidad. La razon postcolonial seria aquella que desplaza el concepto de razon construido en la modernidad, reincorporando las cualidades secundarias (emociones, pasiones) y, a partir de ese gesto, intenta repensar la modernidad y postmodernidad desde la postcolonialidad. Si bien el concepto de "locus de enunciacion" no es privativo de la razon postcolonial, es necesario para desmontar el concepto monolitico de sujeto de conocimiento complice de la razon moderna y concebir la diversidad del conocimiento como distintos espacios epistemologicos de enunciacion. The concept of post colonial reason tries to insinuate a form of thinking that is articulated in the colonial legacies, and beginning with the construction of those legacies, attempts to think the Modernity. The post colonial reason would be that which displaces the concept of reason constructed in the Modemity, reincorporing the secondary qualities (emotions, passions), and beginning with that sign, attempts to rethink the Modernity and Post-Modernity from Post-Colonialism. Although the concept of "locus of enunciation" is not exclusive to the post colonial reason, it is necessary to dismount the monolitic subject concept of accomplice knowledge of the modern reason and conceive the diversity of knowledge as distinct epistemological spaces of enunciation.
Preaching from the State's Podium: What Speech is Proselytizing Prohibited by the Establishment Clause?

Public schools, like other public institutions, continue to wrestle with difficult problems posed by potential proselytizing in publicly-sponsored activities. The fundamental First Amendment question is whether particular religious-oriented speech or conduct is protected by the Free Speech Clause or prohibited by the Establishment Clause. Proselytizing is unquestionably expressive activity. Be it verbal or written, a proselytizing religious message would be protected First Amendment speech if the religious content did not raise Establishment Clause concerns. Indeed, the position has been successfully argued in several federal court cases that religious expression is precisely that form of speech the “viewpoint discrimination” doctrine, set forth in Rosenberger v. Rector and its progeny, was designed to protect. As this article will show, the term “proselytizing” weaves its way through U.S. Supreme
Substitution with retention in organoboranes and utilization of the phenomenon for a general synthesis of pure enantiomers

Organoboranes, readily available via the hydroboration of unsaturated organic compounds, exhibit a remarkable versatility in their reactions. The boron atom in these organoboranes can be readily converted into a wide variety of organic groups under very mild conditions, providing simple versatile syntheses of organic compounds. Exploration of these substitution reactions reveal that, with rare exceptions, the organoboranes transfer the alkyl group to other elements of synthetic interest with complete retention of stereochemistry. Recently we have discovered a method of synthesizing essentially optically pure organoborane intermediates. These optically active alkyl groups attached to boron can also be transferred with complete retention of optical activity. Consequently, it is now possible to achieve by a rational synthesis the preparation of almost any optically active compound with a chiral center, either R- or S-, in essentially 100% enantiomeric excess.
Divorce, Remarriage and Old Age Poverty

This paper analyzes the consequences of midlife divorce for women's retirement preparation and old-age poverty. Previous papers documenting the relatively high poverty rate among retired divorcees have focused on women who remain divorced upon reaching retirement age, and have classified those divorcees who remarry before retirement age as part of the â€œmarriedâ€ group. We argue that a proper understanding of the consequences of midlife divorce requires a model that incorporates the remarriage process. We develop a dynamic model of labor supply, marital and saving decisions after divorce to show that ignoring this selection process overstates the negative consequences of midlife divorce on old-age welfare. A preliminary analysis of longitudinal data from the CPS shows important remarriage rates after the age of 45. It suggests that changes in the selection into remarriage might be responsible for much of the observed changes in old-age welfare of divorcees over the last 3 decades.
Fabrication of nanowire electronics on nonconventional substrates by water-assisted transfer printing method

We report a simple, versatile, and wafer-scale water-assisted transfer printing method (WTP) that enables the transfer of nanowire devices onto diverse nonconventional substrates that were not easily accessible before, such as paper, plastics, tapes, glass, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), aluminum foil, and ultrathin polymer substrates. The WTP method relies on the phenomenon of water penetrating into the interface between Ni and SiO2. The transfer yield is nearly 100%, and the transferred devices, including NW resistors, diodes, and field effect transistors, maintain their original geometries and electronic properties with high fidelity.
Power Without Pollution

ABSTRACTA concept for a satellite solar power station is described to meet future large scale electrical power requirements without burdening the environment or leading to natural resource exhaustion. Considerations are given to solar energy conversion, microwave generation and transmission, and conversion of microwave energy to electrical power on earth. The system considerations and the development tasks for a large satellite solar power station are reviewed and the potential technilogical needs are identified.
Stability of Utility Maximization in Nonequivalent Markets

Stability of the utility maximization problem with random endowment and indifference prices is studied for a sequence of financial markets in an incomplete Brownian setting. Our novelty lies in the nonequivalence of markets, in which the volatility of asset prices (as well as the drift) varies. Degeneracies arise from the presence of nonequivalence. In the positive real line utility framework, a counterexample is presented showing that the expected utility maximization problem can be unstable. A positive stability result is proved for utility functions on the entire real line.
Do Multi-Sense Embeddings Improve Natural Language Understanding?

Learning a distinct representation for each sense of an ambiguous word could lead to more powerful and fine-grained models of vector-space representations. Yet while ‘multi-sense’ methods have been proposed and tested on artificial wordsimilarity tasks, we don’t know if they improve real natural language understanding tasks. In this paper we introduce a multisense embedding model based on Chinese Restaurant Processes that achieves state of the art performance on matching human word similarity judgments, and propose a pipelined architecture for incorporating multi-sense embeddings into language understanding. We then test the performance of our model on part-of-speech tagging, named entity recognition, sentiment analysis, semantic relation identification and semantic relatedness, controlling for embedding dimensionality. We find that multi-sense embeddings do improve performance on some tasks (part-of-speech tagging, semantic relation identification, semantic relatedness) but not on others (named entity recognition, various forms of sentiment analysis). We discuss how these differences may be caused by the different role of word sense information in each of the tasks. The results highlight the importance of testing embedding models in real applications.
Risk for Clostridium difficile infection after radical cystectomy for bladder cancer: Analysis of a contemporary series.

Abstract Introduction This study seeks to evaluate the incidence and associated risk factors of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) in patients undergoing radical cystectomy (RC) for bladder cancer. Methods We retrospectively reviewed a single institution׳s bladder cancer database including all patients who underwent RC between 2010 and 2013. CDI was diagnosed by detection of Clostridium difficile toxin B gene using polymerase chain reaction–based stool assay in patients with clinically significant diarrhea within 90 days of the index operation. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to identify demographics and perioperative factors associated with developing CDI. Results Of the 552 patients who underwent RC, postoperative CDI occurred in 49 patients (8.8%) with a median time to diagnosis after RC of 7 days (interquartile range: 5–19). Of the 122 readmissions for postoperative complications, 10% (n = 12) were related to CDI; 2 patients died of sepsis directly related to severe CDI. On multivariate logistic regression, the use of chronic antacid therapy (odds ratio = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.02–3.68, P = 0.04) and antibiotic exposure greater than 7 days (odds ratio = 2.2, 95% CI: 1.11–4.44, P = 0.02) were independently associated with developing CDI. The use of preoperative antibiotics for positive findings on urine culture within 30 days before surgery was not statistically significantly associated with development of CDI (P = 0.06). Conclusions The development of CDI occurs in 8.8% of patients undergoing RC. Our study demonstrates that use of chronic antacid therapy and long duration of antimicrobial exposure are associated with development of CDI. Efforts focusing on minimizing antibiotic exposure in patients undergoing RC are needed, and perioperative antimicrobial prophylaxis guidelines should be followed.
Pauli paramagnetism of an ideal Fermi gas

We show how to use trapped ultracold atoms to measure the magnetic susceptibility of a two-component Fermi gas. The method is illustrated for a noninteracting gas of ${}^{6}$Li, using the tunability of interactions around a wide Feshbach resonance. The susceptibility versus effective magnetic field is directly obtained from the inhomogeneous density profile of the trapped atomic cloud. The wings of the cloud realize the high-field limit where the polarization approaches 100$%$, which is not accessible for an electron gas.
Genus 2 Curves with (3, 3)-Split Jacobian and Large Automorphism Group

Let C be a genus 2 curve defined over k, char(k) =0. If C has a (3, 3)-split Jacobian then we show that the automorphism group Aut(C) is isomorphic to one of the following: Z2, V4, D8, or D12. There are exactly six C-isomorphism classes of genus two curves C with Aut(C) isomorphic to D8 (resp., D12) and with (3, 3)-split Jacobian. We show that exactly four (resp., three) of these classes with group D8 (resp., D12) have representatives defined over Q. We discuss some of these curves in detail and find their rational points.
A convexity theorem in the scattering theory for the Dirac operator

The Dirac operator enters into zero curvature representation for the cubic nonlinear Schrodinger equation. We introduce and study a conformal map from the upper half-plane of the spectral parameter of the Dirac operator into itself. The action variables turn out to be limiting boundary values of the imagi- nary part of this map. We describe the image of the momentum map (convexity theorem) in the simplest case of a potential from the Schwartz class. We apply this description to the invariant manifolds for the nonlinear Schrodinger equation.
Superconductivity and Spin Fluctuations

The organizers of the Memorial Session for Herman Rietschel asked that I review some of the history of the interplay of superconductivity and spin fluctuations. Initially, Berk and Schrieffer showed how paramagnon spin fluctuations could suppress superconductivity in nearly-ferromagnetic materials. Following this, Rietschel and various co-workers wrote a number of papers in which they investigated the role of spin fluctuations in reducing the T c of various electron-phonon superconductors. Paramagnon spin fluctuations are also believed to provide the p-wave pairing mechanism responsible for the superfluid phases of 3 He. More recently, antiferromagnetic spin fluctuations have been proposed as the mechanism for d-wave pairing in the heavy-fermion superconductors and in some organic materials as well as possibly the high-T c cuprates. Here I will review some of this early history and discuss some of the things we have learned more recently from numerical simulations.
Verification of an Implementation of Tomasulo's Algorithm by Compositional Model Checking

An implementation of an out-of-order processing unit based on Tomasulo's algorithm is formally verified using compositional model checking techniques. This demonstrates that finite-state methods can be applied to such algorithms, without recourse to higher-order proof systems. The paper introduces a novel compositional system that supports cyclic environment reasoning and multiple environment abstractions per signal. A proof of Tomasulo's algorithm is outlined, based on refinement maps, and relying on the novel features of the compositional system. This proof is fully verified by the SMV verifier, using symmetry to reduce the number of assertions that must be verified.
Effect of sporadic E clouds on GPS radio occultation signals

[1] In this study the effects of sporadic E (Es) clouds on GPS radio occultation (RO) signals are investigated by modeling wave propagation and analyzing observational GPS RO data. It has been shown that when the Es clouds are aligned with the propagation direction, they cause defocusing of the GPS RO signal, accompanied by scintillation above and below the defocusing region (due to the interference of direct and refracted radio waves). These effects result in specific U-shape structures in the amplitude of the GPS RO signals. When Es clouds are tilted with respect to the propagation direction, the effects reduce and disappear with the increase of the tilt angle. The U-shape structures are clearly identified in the observed GPS RO signals mainly at tangent point (TP) heights 90–120 km, but also at much lower TP heights. The latter indicates that some Es clouds are tilted with respect to the local horizon (this has also been shown in other studies). The distributions of the observed U-shape structures in latitude, local time, tilt angle, and vertical thickness of the cloud are evaluated in this study based on one month of COSMIC (Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere and Climate) RO data in July 2009.
Realistic estimates of the consequences of nuclear accidents

In estimating the real risk to the public from an accident at a nuclear power plant, several quantities are important: the probability and consequence of the accident itself and the risk resulting from any mitigating action taken. The uncertainties of the risk associated with the accident seem to be dominated by the uncertainties of the consequence estimates. The current procedure of using “conservative” assumptions (usually at each stage) in the calculations produces an estimate of the risk that is likely to be much too high (by as much as an order of magnitude or more).In and of themselves, conservative estimates as typically made in the licensing process may in fact contribute additional risk by overestimating source terms and thus overestimating benefits of activities such as evacuation. This process, in turn, leads inadvertently to putting major segments of society at greater risk than is necessary by encouraging decisions that have higher risk.The principal areas of concern focus on the treatment of...
What matters to African firms ? the relevance of perceptions data

Can perceptions data help us understand investment climate constraints facing the private sector? Or do firms simply complain about everything? In this paper, the authors provide a picture of how firms' views on constraints differ across countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. Using the World Bank's Enterprise Surveys database, they find that reported constraints reflect country characteristics and vary systematically by level of income - the most elemental constraints to doing business (power, access to finance, ability to plan ahead) appear to be most binding at low levels of income. As countries develop and these elemental constraints are relaxed, governance-related constraints become more problematic. As countries move further up the income scale and the state becomes more capable, labor regulation is perceived to be more of a problem - business is just one among several important constituencies. The authors also consider whether firm-level characteristics - such as size, ownership, exporter status, and firms' own experience - affect firms' views on the severity of constraints. They find that, net of country and sector fixed effects and firm characteristics, firms' views do reflect their experience as evidenced by responses to other questions in surveys. The results suggest that there are both country-level and firm-level variations in the investment climate. Turning to the concept of binding constraints, the Enterprise Surveys do not generally suggest one single binding constraint facing firms in difficult business climates. However, there do appear to be groups of constraints that matter more at different income levels, with a few elemental constraints being especially important at low levels and a few regulatory constraints at high levels, but a difficult range of governance-related constraints at intermediate levels. Adjusting to a constraint does not mean that firms then do not recognize it - for example, generator-owning firms are not distinguishable from other firms when ranking electricity as a constraint. Overall, firms do appear to discriminate between constraints in a reasonable way. Their views can provide a useful first step in the business-government consultative process and help in prioritizing more specific behavioral analysis and policy reforms.
Interpolation and SAT-Based Model Checking

We consider a fully SAT-based method of unbounded symbolic model checking based on computing Craig interpolants. In benchmark studies using a set of large industrial circuit verification instances, this method is greatly more efficient than BDD-based symbolic model checking, and compares favorably to some recent SAT-based model checking methods on positive instances.
On the Spectral Efficiency of Links with Multi-Antenna Receivers in Non-Homogenous Wireless Networks

An asymptotic technique is developed to find the Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise-Ratio (SINR) and spectral efficiency of a link with N receiver antennas in wireless networks with non-homogeneous distributions of nodes. It is found that with appropriate normalization, the SINR and spectral efficiency converge with probability 1 to asymptotic limits as N increases. This technique is applied to networks with power-law node intensities, which includes homogeneous networks as a special case, to find a simple approximation for the spectral efficiency. It is found that for receivers in dense clusters, the SINR grows with N at rates higher than that of homogeneous networks and that constant spectral efficiencies can be maintained if the ratio of N to node density is constant. This result also enables the analysis of a new scaling regime where the distribution of nodes in the network flattens rather than increases uniformly. It is found that in many cases in this regime, N needs to grow approximately exponentially to maintain a constant spectral efficiency. In addition to strengthening previously known results for homogeneous networks, these results provide insight into the benefit of using antenna arrays in non-homogeneous wireless networks, for which few results are available in the literature.
Efficient in-network processing through local ad-hoc information coalescence

We consider in-network processing via local message passing. The considered setting involves a set of sensors each of which can communicate with a subset of other sensors. There is no designated fusion center; instead sensors exchange messages on the associated communication graph to obtain a global estimate. We propose an asynchronous distributed algorithm based on local fusion between neighboring sensors. The algorithm differs from other related schemes such as gossip algorithms in that after each local fusion one of the associated sensors ceases its activity until it is re-activated by reception of messages from a neighboring sensor. This leads to substantial gains in energy expenditure over existing local ad-hoc messaging algorithms such as gossip and belief propagation algorithms. Our results are general and we focus on some explicit graphs, namely geometric random graphs, which have been successfully used to model wireless networks, and d-dimensional lattice torus with n nodes, which behave exactly like mesh networks as n gets large. We quantify the time, message and energy scaling of the algorithm, where the analysis is built upon the coalescing random walks. In particular, for the planar torus the completion time of the algorithm is Θ(n log n) and energy requirement per sensor node is O((log n)2) and for 3-d torus these quantities are Θ(n) and O(log n) respectively. The energy requirement of the algorithm is thus scalable, and interestingly there appears little practical incentive to consider higher dimensions. Furthermore, for the planar torus the algorithm exhibits a very favorable tradeoff relative to gossip algorithms whose time and energy requirements are shown here to be Ω(n). Also, the proposed algorithm can be generalized to robustify against packet losses and permanent node failures without entailing significant energy overhead. The paper concludes with numerical results.
Monte Carlo Computational Modeling of the Energy Dependence of Atomic Oxygen Undercutting of Protected Polymers

A Monte Carlo computational model has been developed which simulates atomic oxygen attack of protected polymers at defect sites in the protective coatings. The parameters defining how atomic oxygen interacts with polymers and protective coatings, as well as the scattering processes which occur, have been optimized to replicate experimental results observed from protected polyimide Kapton on the Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF) mission. Computational prediction of atomic oxygen undercutting at defect sites in protective coatings for various arrival energies was investigated. The atomic oxygen undercutting energy dependence predictions enable one to predict mass loss that would occur in low Earth orbit, based on lower energy ground laboratory atomic oxygen beam systems. Results of computational model prediction of undercut cavity size as a function of energy and defect size will be presented to provide insight into expected in-space mass loss of protected polymers with protective coating defects based on lower energy ground laboratory testing.
Mediation as an Ethical Adjunct of Stakeholder Theory

A driving force behind the evolution of the stakeholder concept is the potential of negative outcomes for an organization as the result of conflict between that organization and its stakeholders. Where conflict does arise between an organization and stakeholder how might it be resolved in a manner compatible with stakeholder theory? Applying feminist ethical theory as a theoretical basis for stakeholder theory, mediation provides an appropriate process for resolving such disputes in comparison to traditional adversarial strategies. This paper discusses the attributes of mediation, and its potential benefits as a method to resolve disputes between businesses and their stakeholders.
Bursty and Hierarchical Structure in Streams

A fundamental problem in text data mining is to extract meaningful structure from document streams that arrive continuously over time. E-mail and news articles are two natural examples of such streams, each characterized by topics that appear, grow in intensity for a period of time, and then fade away. The published literature in a particular research field can be seen to exhibit similar phenomena over a much longer time scale. Underlying much of the text mining work in this area is the following intuitive premise—that the appearance of a topic in a document stream is signaled by a “burst of activity,” with certain features rising sharply in frequency as the topic emerges. The goal of the present work is to develop a formal approach for modeling such “bursts,” in such a way that they can be robustly and efficiently identified, and can provide an organizational framework for analyzing the underlying content. The approach is based on modeling the stream using an infinite-state automaton, in which bursts appear naturally as state transitionss it can be viewed as drawing an analogy with models from queueing theory for bursty network traffic. The resulting algorithms are highly efficient, and yield a nested representation of the set of bursts that imposes a hierarchical structure on the overall stream. Experiments with e-mail and research paper archives suggest that the resulting structures have a natural meaning in terms of the content that gave rise to them.