cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A raspberry Pi sensor network for wildlife conservation

Scientists and the military require inconspicuous means to monitor wildlife. In this poster, we progress the ability for a Raspberry Pi sensor network to be used for wildlife detection and monitoring. Eliminating the need for expensive commercial camera traps, the sensor network will, with little to no human interaction, detect and collect vital information about the presence of endangered wildlife. Raspberry Pi sensor nodes collect and store data and transfer it over a mesh network to an android app interface. In order to reduce the node size and maintain battery efficiency, we are implementing parallel battery usage and standard lithium batteries. We will also increase the range, durability, and adaptability of the network by integrating a self-healing mesh network that does not require a master node for communication to and from individual sensors.
Place-making, place-disruption, and place protection of urban blue spaces: perceptions of waterfront planning of a polluted urban waterbody

Urban waterfronts are experiencing a renaissance, as it is estimated that by 2030 more than 60 percent of the world's population will live in cities, the majority of which are located in coastal or...
LeMeDISCO: A computational method for large-scale prediction & molecular interpretation of disease comorbidity

Abstract Often different diseases tend to co-occur (i.e., they are comorbid), which yields the question: what is the molecular basis of their coincidence? Perhaps, common proteins are comorbid disease drivers. To understand the origin of disease comorbidity and to identify the essential proteins and pathways underlying comorbid diseases, we developed LeMeDISCO (Large-Scale Molecular Interpretation of Disease Comorbidity), an algorithm that predicts disease comorbidities from shared mode of action (MOA) proteins predicted by the AI-based MEDICASCY algorithm. LeMeDISCO was applied to predict the general occurrence of comorbid diseases for 3608 distinct diseases. To illustrate LeMeDISCO’s power, we elucidate the possible etiology of coronary artery disease and ovarian cancer by determining the comorbidity enriched MOA proteins and pathways and suggest hypotheses for subsequent scientific investigation. The LeMeDISCO web server is available for academic users at: http://sites.gatech.edu/cssb/LeMeDISCO.
Effectiveness of Disseminating School Physical Activity Information on Facebook during a Pandemic: A Mixed-Method Analysis.

Background Social media is an important communication tool during times of crisis because of its vast reach. Understanding the effectiveness of sharing public health guidance and promoting schoolchildren's physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic can inform dissemination best practices. Methods We classified 418 posts from parent/community members of a school-based physical activity Facebook group by content type, and used concurrent mixed methods to examine (1) differences in dissemination effectiveness (reactions, shares, and comments) between two pandemic phases and (2) themes and sentiments of comments. Phase I included school closures through the release of national school re-entry guidelines (March 1, 2020 - May 15, 2020) and Phase II extended through the school year start (May 16, 2020 - August 1, 2020). Results Policy and guidance posts prompted more comments while feel-good stories produced more reactions compared to other content types. Members reacted more during Phase II, which mainly consisted of policy and guidance (86%). Four major themes of information and resources, personal disclosures, questions and concerns, and support for educators emerged. Conclusions Sharing public health guidance for schoolchildren on social media was an effective strategy to disseminate information when in-person discourse was limited. Creating social media spaces where discussion is encouraged can provide social and emotional support for parents/community members.
Helping or hurting? The impact of foreign fighters on militant group behavior

How do foreign fighters affect militant group behavior? Recent studies have examined the impact of foreign fighters on broader conflict outcomes, but we explore their specific impact on group behav...
A selective survey of microbial flora in the water of seven Missouri caves.

A variety of microbiological techniques are being used to isolate and identify microbial species from water samples collected in caves, including Missouri caves. In this study, water was collected ...
A hydrologic‐economic modeling approach for analysis of urban water supply dynamics in Chennai, India

[1] In this paper, we discuss a challenging water resources problem in a developing world city, Chennai, India. The goal is to reconstruct past system behavior and diagnose the causes of a major water crisis. In order to do this, we develop a hydrologic-engineering-economic model to address the complexity of urban water supply arising from consumers' dependence on multiple interconnected sources of water. We integrate different components of the urban water system: water flowing into the reservoir system; diversion and distribution by the public water utility; groundwater flow in the aquifer beneath the city; supply, demand, and prices in the informal tanker-truck-based water market; and consumer behavior. Both the economic and physical impacts of consumers' dependence on multiple sources of water are quantified. The model is calibrated over the period 2002–2006 using a range of hydrologic and socio-economic data. The model's results highlight the inadequacy of the reservoir system and the buffering role played by the urban aquifer and consumers' coping investments during multiyear droughts.
Characterization of silica-supported Cu monometallic and Ru$z.sbnd;Cu bimetallic catalysts by hydrogen chemisorption and NMR of adsorbed hydrogen

Abstract Monometallic Ru/SiO2 and Cu/SiO2 catalysts and a series of RuCu/SiO2 bimetallic catalysts were investigated in detail by hydrogen chemisorption and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) of adsorbed hydrogen. NMR indicates that adsorption of hydrogen on pure Cu/SiO2 at room temperature results in formation of a mobile, atom-like adsorbed species. Hydrogen spillover from Ru to Cu in the RuCu/SiO2 bimetallic catalysts was clearly shown by the two techniques. Two distinct adsorbed states of hydrogen were observed on surfaces of the RuCu bimetallic particles. One state is reversibly adsorbed at room temperature while the other is irreversibly adsorbed. The reversible hydrogen exhibits rapid motion at the surface; the irreversible hydrogen is less mobile. Surface compositions for all the RuCu/SiO2 bimetallic catalysts were obtained from the NMR resonance lineshifts of the reversible hydrogen. The results show a preferential segregation of Cu to surfaces of Ru particles and indicate formation of large Cu islands on ruthenium and separate pure Cu particles at very high copper loadings.
Adding dynamic types to C

Developers using statically typed languages such as C≠ and Java are increasingly having to interoperate with APIs and object models defined in dynamic languages. This impedance mismatch results in code that is difficult to understand, awkward to analyze, and expensive to maintain. In this paper we describe new features in C≠4.0 that support the safe combination of dynamically and statically typed code by deferring type checking of program fragments with static type dynamic until runtime.When executed, these dynamic code fragments are type-checked and resolved using the same rules as statically typed code. We formalize these features in a core fragment of C≠ and prove important safety properties. In particular, we show that subtyping remains transitive.
A framework for conservation in a human-dominated world.

Human impacts on the planet are profound (Crutzen 2002), driving losses of biodiversity (Pimm et al. 2014), and ecosystem services (Costanza et al. 2014). Human population growth and climate change exacerbate these strains. Concern that conservation is not keeping pace has fueled debate regarding the effectiveness of traditional conservation strategies and how conservation org– anizations should prioritize human well-being outcomes when allocating limited conservation funds (e.g., Kareiva 2014; Soule 2014). Perhaps spurred by such concern, and a recognition of the interdependence and inseparability of humans and nature, many large conservation organizations currently describe themselves as focusing on both “people and nature” (Supporting Information). What is often unclear, however, is what that focus means in terms of how nature conservation organizations prioritize human outcomes. Are meeting the needs of people and wild nature coequal objectives? Or, is the primary objective to improve conditions for biodiversity, recognizing the imp– ortance of providing cobenefits to people? Or, is the objective to improve conditions for people, recognizing that conservation can be an important means to that end? Science-based conservation organizations need to clarify which ultimate objective they seek, as each leads to different priorities, strategies, and outcomes (e.g., Chan et al. 2006). Without such clarity, organizations cannot be maximally efficient and effective in meeting their objective— whatever it may be. I propose a framework for characterizing the relationship between people and nature objectives in a conservation strategy, or theory of change (i.e., a hypothesis of how an intervention will lead to a desired future condition) of a conservation organization.
Shareholders v. Stakeholders: Evaluating Corporate Constituency Statutes Under the Takings Clause

Over one-half of the states have enacted corporate constituency statutes, which permit managers to consider the interest of non-shareholder "stakeholders" in the corporation -- parties such as employees, customers, suppliers, and/or the local community. These statutes set the usual corporate law norm of shareholder primacy on its head. If managers need no longer act in the best interests of the shareholders, the value of the shareholders' ownership interest in the corporation is reduced, for their claim to residual earnings is weakened. This paper considers whether constituency statutes work an unconstitutional taking of private property in violation of the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments. I conclude that the constituency statutes as currently drafted cannot withstand a Takings Clause analysis, but that the result intended by these statutes could be achieved through careful drafting and/or the use of other constitutional tools.
The knowledge aided sensor signal processing and expert reasoning (KASSPER) real-time signal processing architecture [radar signal processing]

The KASSPER project is a Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) program which has the goal of improving the performance of ground moving target indicator (GMTI) radar systems by incorporating external sources of knowledge into the signal processing chain. The KASSPER real-time signal processing architecture is a radar system scheduling and signal processing framework that is being developed at Massachusetts Institute of Technology Lincoln Laboratory (MIT LL). This paper discusses the design of the architecture, knowledge handling issues. resource scheduling issues, the current state of the prototype implementation of the framework, and the current state of the project's real-time processor testbed.
NURTURING HUMAN POTENTIAL IN THE CONTEXT OF SCHOOLING: THE LEGACY OF SEYMOUR B. SARASON

This paper is a slightly revised version of the presentation at the SCRA Biennial session, “Seymour Sarason in Memorial: Prospects for Community and Social Change,” Chicago, June 18, 2011.
Fault-Tolerant Rate-Monotonic Scheduling

Due to the critical nature of the tasks in hard real-time systems, it is essential that faults be tolerated. In this paper, we present a scheme which can be used to tolerate faults during the execution of preemptive real-time tasks. We describe a recovery scheme which can be used to re-execute tasks in the event of single and multiple transient faults and discuss conditions that must be met by any such recovery scheme. We then extend the original Rate Monotonic Scheduling (RMS) scheme and the exact characterization of RMS to provide tolerance for single and multiple transient faults. We derive schedulability bounds for sets of real-time tasks given the desired level of fault tolerance for each task or subset of tasks. Finally, we analyze and compare those bounds with existing bounds for non-fault-tolerant and other variations of RMS.
Accuracy of Cartilage Geometry Reconstruction From Volumetric CT Data: A Phantom Study

Segmentation of medical image data is often used for the construction of computational models to study the mechanics of diarthrodial joints such as the hip and knee. The analyst must demonstrate that the reconstructed geometry is an accurate representation of the true continuum to ensure model validity. This becomes especially important for computational modeling of joint contact, which requires accurate reconstruction of articular cartilage. Although volumetric computed tomography (CT) is often used to image diarthrodial joints, the lower bounds for detecting articular cartilage thickness and the influence of imaging parameters on the ability to image cartilage have not been reported. The use of contrast agent (CT arthrography) is necessary to visualize the surface of articular cartilage in live patients. Thus, it is of primary interest to quantify the accuracy of CT arthrography to demonstrate the feasibility of patient-specific modeling. The objectives of this study were to assess the accuracy and detection limits of CT for measuring simulated cartilage thickness using a phantom and to quantify changes in accuracy due to alterations in contrast agent concentration, imaging plane direction, spatial resolution and joint spacing.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Prevention of catheter-related bloodstream infections.

The central venous catheter (CVC), first used by Forssmann [1] in 1929, is commonly used in critically ill and general surgical patients. In certain patients, these devices can provide vascular access for hemodynamic monitoring and administration of fluids, drugs, and total parenteral nutrition (TPN). However, their use is associated with increased risks for complications. Up to 15% of patients who get CVCs develop complications [2], including mechanical complications during placement and removal (eg, arterial puncture, hematoma, hemo/pneumothorax; 5%‐20% of patients) [3], thrombotic events (2%‐26%) [2], and infectious complications (eg, local infections, catheter-related bloodstream infections, systemic infectious complications) [3]. Because millions of CVCs are placed annually worldwide (more than 5 million/year in the United States alone) [4], these complications, especially infections, represent a major public health problem and a medical challenge. One of the most common infectious complications is the catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI), which is a common nosocomial infection in the surgical critically ill population. These infections are costly and associated with significant morbidity and mortality [5,6]. Over the past 20 years, the number of CRBSIs have doubled [7,8]. CRBSIs are associated with a mortality of 10% to 20%, prolonged intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital stays (mean of 7 days), and increased medical costs [9‐11]. Although these estimates are imprecise and likely contain error, these infections clearly harm patients. More importantly, most of these infections are preventable if evidence-based practices are implemented [12]. This article examines the magnitude of CRBSIs, preventive strategies that have been described, and impact these strategies have in preventing CRBSIs.
Feasibility and sensitivity study of helical tomotherapy for dose painting plans.

AbstractImportant limitations for dose painting are due to treatment planning and delivery constraints. The purpose of this study was to develop a methodology for creating voxel-based dose painting plans that are deliverable using the clinical TomoTherapy Hi-Art II treatment planning system (TPS). Material and methods. Uptake data from a head and neck patient who underwent a [61Cu]Cu-ATSM (hypoxia surrogate) PET/CT scan was retrospectively extracted for planning. Non-uniform voxel-based prescriptions were converted to structured-based prescriptions for compatibility with the Hi-Art II TPS. Optimized plans were generated by varying parameters such as dose level, structure importance, prescription point normalization, DVH volume, min/max dose, and dose penalty. Delivery parameters such as pitch, jaw width and modulation factor were also varied. Isodose distributions, quality volume histograms and planning target volume percentage receiving planned dose within 5% of the prescription (Q0.95–1.05) were used to...
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ELDERLY PERCEPTIONS OF THE CONSUMER MOVEMENT

The decade of the 1970s witnessed the passage of an unparallelled amount of legislation designed to protect the needs of disadvantaged and low income consumers, characteristics which describe many members of the elderly population segment. This research was designed to assess elderly perceptions of the market-place today and of the performance of businesses and government agencies in protecting and promoting their interest as buyers. The elderly, when compared to other population segments, showed a more negative attitude toward the accomplishments of the consumer movement and the role of businesses and government in protecting buyers than other population segments.
Object-oriented feature extraction method for image data compaction

An online unsupervised feature-extraction method for high-dimensional remotely sensed image data compaction is proposed. This method is directed at the reduction of data redundancy in the scene representation of satellite-borne, high-resolution multispectral sensor data. The algorithm partitions the observation space into an exhaustive set of disjoint objects, and pixels belonging to each object are characterized by an object feature. The set of object features, rather than the pixel features, is used for data transmission and classification. Illustrative examples of high-dimensional image data compaction are presented, and the feature representation performance is investigated. Example results show an average compaction coefficient of more than 25 to 1 when this method is used; the classification performance is improved slightly by using object features rather than the original data, and the CPU time required for classification is reduced by a factor of more than 25 as well. The feature extraction CPU time is less than 15% of CPU time for original data classification. >
Synthesis Of Oligodeoxyribonucleotides Containing an Aliphatic Amino Linker Arm at Selected Adenine Bases and Derivatization with Biotin

Abstract The chemical synthesis and characterization of oligodeoxyribonucleotides with a “linker arm” attached to the 8-position of some adenine bases are presented. Derivatizatlon with biotin is described and evaluation of these modified DNA fragments as nonradioactive hybridization probes is briefly discussed.
Multidrug resistance in pediatric oncology.

Cancer survival among children and adolescents has improved markedly due to evolution of multimodal treatment that incorporates combination chemotherapy, radiation therapy and/or surgery. However, 20–30% of children with malignancies will succumb to their disease or complications associated with their disease or treatment. A major limiting factor to improvement in survival among these patients is the occurrence of intrinsic and/or acquired resistance to our treatment interventions, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Among these mechanisms, multidrug resistance, the focus of this review, is a well-documented phenomenon whose biochemistry, pharmacology and molecular biology has been extensively studied. A role for multidrug resistance in chemoresistance and therapeutic failure in childhood malignancies is suggested by the observation of clinical resistance to treatment regimes containing agents that are known substrates of multidrug resistance mechanisms. With the current results from studies in rhabdomyosarcoma, neuroblastoma, osteosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, leukemia and retinoblastoma, the role of multidrug resistance is still unclear. Earlier studies attempted to define a role for P-glycoprotein-mediated multidrug resistance; however, a limited number of reports suggest that the multidrug-associated resistance protein may play an active role in neuroblastoma. Further studies will be necessary using standardized and uniform approaches for the analyses of these mechanisms. Clinical trials directed toward reversal of multidrug resistance are premature since the exact role of P-glycoprotein is controversial in pediatric malignancies, the role of other mechanisms of multidrug resistance must be assessed and selective inhibitors of multidrug resistance have yet to be developed.
The role of the red blood cell in the transport of carbon disulfide

When rats were exposed to 2 mg l-1 (approximately 640 ppm) of carbon disulfide (CS2) for 4 h, the concentration of free CS2 in the red blood cells (RBCs) approached a plateau within 2 h. Free CS2 in plasma reached a steady state concentration within 15 min of exposure. More than 90% of the free CS2 in blood was found in the RBCs regardless of the length of exposure. In vitro studies showed that about 90% of the free CS2 partitioned into the RBCs regardless of whether the CS2 was added first to the plasma or directly to the RBCs. Hence, it appears that the RBC is the major carrier of CS2 in blood. It was found that 98% of the free CS2 in red blood cell lysates was associated with hemoglobin. Free CS2 in RBCs was readily partitioned into olive oil (RBCs/oil = 1/6), less readily into the plasma (RBCs/plasma = 12/1), and only to a small extent into phosphate buffer (RBCs/buffer = 39/1). The extraction of free CS2-loaded RBCs into albumin solution increased with increasing albumin concentrations. CS2 can be extracted with buffer, protein solution, and oil, indicating that CS2 in RBCs can be transferred to the medium in which the RBCs contact. It is proposed that RBCs may also play an important role in the transport of CS2 from lung to tissues and vice versa. The possible role of RBCs in the transport of other organic solvents in the blood is also discussed.
Supernovae and their Evolution in a Low Metallicity ISM

Observations of core collapse supernovae and their progenitors generally support expectations of increasing mass loss with increasing initial mass. Mass loss rates are expected to decline at lower metallicity, and there are prospects for directly testing this for the red supergiant progenitors of Type IIP supernovae. However, there are indications that mass loss rates for high mass early type stars may be overestimated and that there are mass loss mechanisms that do not decline at lower metallicity. In this case, there may be supernova emission from strong circumstellar interaction even at low metallicity. Although there is evidence for dust formation in freely expanding ejecta of supernovae, the quantities are relatively small. Another promising site of dust formation is the circumstellar interaction region, but this should occur in only a fraction of supernovae.
The i-δ relations and the spin 1 Ising model

Abstract The i -δ relations and the criticality condition are applied to the calculation of the spin 1 Ising model transition temperatures T c for the cubic lattices. An indirect decoupling method is introduced whereby special care is taken of autocorrelations when 〈 S 2 δ 〉 is factored from the relevant correlation functions. The results for T c are consistent with those obtained from series calculations to within 0.33%. An approximate lattice-lattice scaling appears to operate for 〈 S 2 δ 〉, having the value ∼0.72 for all three lattices. Estimates of the multispin correlation functions U 2 n and T 2 n are given for the first time for the 3-d spin 1 case.
Welded tuff porosity characterization using mercury intrusion, nitrogen and ethylene glycol monoethyl ether sorption and epifluorescence microscopy

Porosity of welded tuff from Snowshoe Mountain, Colorado, was characterized by mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), nitrogen sorption porosimetry, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether (EGME) gas phase sorption and epifluorescence optical microscopy. Crushed tuff of two particle-size fractions (1-0.3 mm and less than 0.212 mm), sawed sections of whole rock and crushed tuff that had been reacted with 0.1 N hydrochloric acid were examined. Average MIP pore diameter values were in the range of 0.01–0.02μm. Intrusion volume was greatest for tuff reacted with 0.1 N hydrochloric acid and least for sawed tuff. Cut rock had the smallest porosity (4.72%) and crushed tuff reacted in hydrochloric acid had the largest porosity (6.56%). Mean pore diameters from nitrogen sorption measurements were 0.0075–0.0187 μm. Nitrogen adsorption pore volumes (from 0.005 to 0.013 cm3/g) and porosity values (from 1.34 to 3.21%) were less than the corresponding values obtained by MIP. More than half of the total tuff pore volume was associated with pore diameters < 0.05μm. Vapor sorption of EGME demonstrated that tuff pores contain a clay-like material. Epifluorescence microscopy indicated that connected porosity is heterogeneously distributed within the tuff matix; mineral grains had little porosity. Tuff porosity may have important consequences for contaminant disposal in this host rock.
Experience with chemotactile cues indicating female feeding history impacts male courtship investment in the wolf spider Schizocosa ocreata

Male fitness is often determined by the ability of the male to gain access to multiple mates, although in species that exhibit sexual cannibalism, males might increase their likelihood of being cannibalized with each encounter. This risk should create selection for males who are able to perceive potential risks associated with mating encounters. We studied male Schizocosa ocreata wolf spiders to determine whether they use female chemotactile cues (silk, excreta) as indicators of potential risks and how these cues affected subsequent male courtship behaviors. Female treatments included satiated females vs. starved females, as well as a treatment where females had recently cannibalized a male S. ocreata. We performed experiments to assess (1) if males use female chemotactile cues to determine potential risks associated with differing female feeding treatments and alter courtship investment, and 2) how male experience with female chemotactile cues affected courtship investment in subsequent female encounters. At first encounter, males do not vary courtship investment (number of bouts, duration, and vigor) with different female feeding treatments. However, male behaviors during subsequent encounters with female chemotactile cues varied in complex ways, depending on female feeding treatment and male first encounter experience. These data suggest that male experience impacts perception of female chemical cues and offers the male opportunity to avoid sexual cannibalism in high-risk situations.
Role of steroids and triterpenoids in the growth and reproduction ofPhytophthora cactorum

The life cycle ofPhytophthora cactorum, a fungal pathogen unable to epoxidize squalene, is controlled by certain combinations and concentrations of polycyclic isopentenoids normally found in the host plant. Data that lend support to this view are given. The fungus is capable of discriminating between various types and amounts of steroids and triterpenoids in terms of their uptake, metabolism, and effects on growth and reproduction. While certain sterols as well as triterpenoids stimulate growth, onlysterols induce significant oospore production. Steroidal alkaloids and estradiol are fungistatic and inhibit sterol-induced oospore production. The primary difference in the metabolism of sterols and triterpenoids is that the sterols are converted to both esters and glycosides, whereas the triterpenoids are only esterified. The results demonstrate the importance of sterols and their products, compared to other polycyclic isopentenoids, as promoters of growth and reproduction and suggest that the preference for sterols may have its origin in the adaptation to host-parasite interactions.
Photofragment angular distributions from oriented symmetric-top precursor molecules

The fragment angular distribution is calculated for photodissociation by a beam of plane-polarized radiation of an ensemble of oriented symmetric-top molecules selected in a specific |JKM > state. For prompt dissociation the resulting expression, proportional to (σ/4π) PJKM (cos θ) [1 + βP2 (cos θ)], where PJKM (cos θ) is the probability of finding the symmetric-top precursor molecule with its figure axis in a given orientation, agrees with that given previously by Choi and Bernstein (J. Chem. Phys. 85 (1986) 150).
Process for obtaining starch from selected grain sorghum fractions

SUMMARY— A wet process is described for separating selected grain sorghum fractions into a prime and coarse starch fraction. Ammonium hydroxide solutions are used to slurry the sorghum fractions. The slurries are centrifuged and the resulting starch layers are mechanically separated. This process quickly separates the starch from dry-milled by-products of grain sorghum.
Analysis of Laminated Architectural Glazing Subjected to Wind Load and Windborne Debris Impact

During windstorms and hurricanes, architectural glazing is subjected to wind loading and windborne debris impact. Wind-borne debris is categorized into two types. One is small hard missile like roof gravel and the other is large soft missile representing the lumber from wood-framed buildings. Laminated architectural glazing (LAG) is the commonly used glazing in buildings where impact resistance is needed. The prefailure stress response of the LAG due to the combined loading due to wind and windborne debris impact is studied. Following the ASTM standards (E1886 and E1996), a steel ball with an impact velocity of 39.62 m/s and a wooden cylinder with an impact velocity 12.19 m/s were chosen to be representative of small and large missiles, respectively. A lateral pressure that corresponds to a wind speed of 58.11 m/s was used to represent wind loading on LAG. The effect of geometric and material properties on the stress response of a rectangular LAG is studied parametrically. Thinner outer ply would result in better prefailure stress pattern than a thicker outer ply, while thicker interlayer generally results in lower stresses in failure critical areas. The contribution of wind loading to the principal stress is between 5–10% of the combined stress with small missile case having higher percentage.
An evaluation of anxiety sensitivity, emotional dysregulation, and negative affectivity among daily cigarette smokers: Relation to smoking motives and barriers to quitting

The present investigation evaluated the relations between anxiety sensitivity and motivational bases of cigarette smoking, as well as barriers to quitting smoking, above and beyond concurrent substance use, negative affectivity, and emotional dysregulation among a community sample of 189 daily cigarette smokers (46% women; Mage = 24.97 years, SD = 9.78). Results indicated that anxiety sensitivity was significantly related to coping, addictive, and habitual smoking motives, as well as greater perceived barriers to quitting. These effects were evident above and beyond the variance accounted for by concurrent tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana use and discernable from shared variance with negative affectivity and emotional dysregulation. Emotional dysregulation was significantly related to stimulation, habitual, and sensorimotor smoking motives and greater perceived barriers to quitting, whereas negative affectivity was only significantly related to smoking for relaxation. These findings uniquely add to a growing literature suggesting anxiety sensitivity is an important and unique cognitive factor for better understanding clinically-relevant psychological processes related to cigarette smoking.
Acrylic restorations by the operative nonpressure procedure

Abstract A study of the self-curing acrylics and methods of operative placement has been made. The findings indicate (in view of the many desirable properties) that the material is of questionable value as a restorative medium unless a procedure is adopted which compensates for the volumetric loss or shrinkage. The nonpressure procedure, which utilizes the physical and chemical properties of the material, and which has proved superior in comparative studies, achieves dimensional accuracy and approaches a perfection of marginal adaptation sufficient to regard the acrylics as acceptable.
DETECTION POTENTIAL OF NORMAL OBSERVERS AT VISIBILITY CONDITIONS PREVAILING IN AUTOMOBILE NIGHT DRIVING

Laboratory measurements were carried out to determine the detection potential of 25 normal observers engaged in an automobile headlight research programme. An exposure duration was selected to represent search and detection functions of night driving tasks. Target sizes and luminance ranges were chosen to encompass visibility conditions prevailing in automobile night driving. An analytical expression was then derived to yield threshold luminance increments required by normal observers as a function of target size and background luminance.
Quantifying the value of advance load information in truckload trucking

We present an optimization-based computational study to quantify the relative benefits and costs of sharing advance load information and preparing an advance pick-up and delivery plan (or preplanning) in load assignment problems in truckload trucking. Considering that the benefits of preplanning comes in many intangible forms, we take the strategy of showing the cost differences between preplanning and different forms of dispatching, instead of computing the benefits directly. Computational study under several settings not only shows the benefit of using advanced load information, but also uncovers the minimal cost difference between intelligent preplanning and the best performing dispatching policies.
Extinguishing the Twin Relics of Barbaric Multiculturalism—Slavery and Polygamy—From American Federalism

Nineteenth-century America experienced fierce battles against two expressions of territorially based multiculturalism: southern slavery and Mormon polygamy. Both the southern way of life and the Mormon way of life were deemed barbaric, and considerable pressure was placed on the federal government to exterminate these ways of life. The abolition of slavery required a civil war, the aftermath of which transformed the federal Constitution in ways that enhanced federal authority to intervene in the affairs of the constituent states. The extermination of Mormon polygamy did not require military intervention; instead, the federal government deployed an array of increasingly coercive legalweapons that set precedents for twentieth-century interventions into the affairs of the constituent states. The battles against slavery and polygamy both reflected federal efforts to liberate persons from the tyranny of places and, as such, signaled a rejection of territorially based multiculturalism in the United States. Copyright 2003, Oxford University Press.
MAP kinases differentially regulate the expression of macrophage hyperactivity after thermal injury

Thermal injury increases the capacity of macrophages (Mphi) to produce various inflammatory mediators, (i.e., Mphi hyperactivity), which is believed to be involved in the development of subsequent immunosuppression, sepsis, and multiple organ failure. The signal transduction pathways involved in the expression of Mphi hyperactivity post-burn, however, remain to be clearly elucidated. To study this C57BL/6 female mice were subjected to a 25% TBSA burn and splenic Mphis were isolated 7 days later. LPS-stimulated inflammatory mediator production and MAPK expression (P38 ERK 1/2 and JNK) were determined. Burn injury increased LPS-induced P38 MAPK, suppressed JNK activation and ERK 1/2 activation was unaltered. These changes in MAPK activation were paralleled by the increased production of PGE(2), TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, and IL-10. Differential sensitivity to the inhibition of the MAPK pathways was observed with regard to the mediator evaluated and the presence or absence of burn injury. In general cytokine production in the burn group was in part resistant to the inhibition of a single MAPK pathway as compared with shams. Thus, burn injury increases cross-talk between the MAPKs pathways, suggesting that alterations MAPK activation and signal transduction contribute to the development Mphi hyperactivity post-injury.
Filgrastim and alemtuzumab (Campath-1H) for refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Alemtuzumab (anti-CD52; Campath-1H) is effective in fludarabine-refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), but is associated with infection and early onset neutropenia. To reduce toxicity, filgrastim (G-CSF) was administered concurrently with alemtuzumab. In total, 14 CLL patients (median age 59) with a median of 3.5 prior regimens (range 1–12) received i.v. alemtuzumab, stepped up from 3 to 30 mg the first week, then 30 mg thrice weekly for 12 weeks. Filgrastim 5 μg/kg was administered daily 5 days before and throughout alemtuzumab therapy. Six patients developed cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation 3–6 weeks into treatment; six patients developed fever, three neutropenia, and one pneumonia. The patient with CMV pneumonia died; ganciclovir cleared CMV in the other patients. Five patients developed early neutropenia (weeks 2–5). Four patients developed delayed neutropenia (weeks 10–13) unassociated with CMV reactivation. Nine patients ceased therapy because of infectious and hematologic toxicity. Five partial responses were noted, all in patients with lymph nodes >5 cm, lasting a median of 6.5 months (range 5–13). Filgrastim and alemtuzumab were given concurrently with manageable infusion toxicity and clinical activity, but the efficacy of this regimen was limited by delayed neutropenia of unclear etiology and CMV reactivation. Filgrastrim should not be administered prophylactically during alemtuzumab therapy outside clinical trials.
Non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma of the brain after Hodgkin's disease. An immunohistochemical study

Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) of the central nervous system (CNS) is a rarely reported complication of Hodgkin's disease (HD). Two patients with NHL of the brain after HD were studied by histologic and immunohistochemical methods. Both patients were in the second decade, had been treated with radiation and chemotherapy, had experienced a relapse of HD before development of NHL, had no evidence of HD at the time of diagnosis of NHL, and died within 1 year of diagnosis. Both brain neoplasms were large cell immunoblastic lymphomas of B-cell lineage. Patients with HD appear to be at increased risk for NHL of the CNS, which may have a poor prognosis.
Information Management For Tactical Reconnaissance

The expected battlefield tactics of the 1980's and 1990's will be fluid and dynamic. If tactical reconnaissance is to meet this challenge, it must explore all ways of accelerating the flow of information through the reconnaissance cycle, from the moment a tasking request is received to the time the mission results are delivered to the requestor. In addition to near real-time dissemination of reconnaissance information, the mission planning phase needs to be more responsive to the rapidly changing battlefield scenario. By introducing Artificial Intelligence (AI) via an expert system to the mission planning phase, repetitive and computational tasks can be more readily performed by the ground-based mission planning system, thereby permitting the aircrew to devote more of their time to target study. Transporting the flight plan, plus other mission data, to the aircraft is simple with the Fairchild Data Transfer Equipment (DTE). Aircrews are relieved of the tedious, error-prone, and time-consuming task of manually keying-in avionics initialization data. Post-flight retrieval of mission data via the DTE will permit follow-on aircrews, just starting their mission planning phase, to capitalize on current threat data collected by the returning aircrew. Maintenance data retrieved from the recently flown mission will speed-up the aircraft turn-around by providing near-real time fault detection/isolation. As future avionics systems demand more information, a need for a computer-controlled, smart data base or expert system on-board the aircraft will emerge.
Coefficients of Variation for Nominal and Ordinal Categorical Data

Various measures of variation for categorical data which have been introduced suffer from the limitation that their numerical values generally appear to be unreasonable. This may cause their use to give misleading results and poor data discrimination. In this paper, two coefficients of variation for categorical data which seem to have appropriate numerical properties are introduced. One of the coefficients is appropriate for nominal data and one for ordinal data.
L’autobiographie transgressive : la traversée dans La re-production de Mpoyi-Buatu

Les ecrivains congolais ne se sont interesses seulement recemment a la violence de l’histoire coloniale congolaise. La Re-production de Thomas Mpoyi-Buatu s’inscrit dans cet effort de narrativiser l’histoire traumatique congolaise. Le roman de Mpoyi-Buatu revendique la creation d’une nouvelle societe morale qui pourra briser le cycle douloureux de la violence. Cette nouvelle societe n’est possible qu’a travers le rejet du mimetisme et du conformisme. Ce livre recuse toute forme de conformisme empechant l’autonomie individuelle. La transmutation a realiser n’est possible, selon l'auteur, qu’a travers des mouvements transversaux qui permettent la creation d’un nouvel espace et qui libere l’individu du territoire subjectif modulant les subjectivites des individus selon les interets du pouvoir dominant. Ces mouvements transversaux s’effectuent a travers les genres, les styles, les traditions litteraires, et les transgressions sexuelles.
Transient Response of Submerged Plates Subject to Underwater Shock Loading: An Analytical Perspective

In this paper, Taylor floating air-backed plate (ABP) model is extended to the case of a submerged water-backed plate (WBP) within the acoustic range. The solution of the WBP is cast into the same format as that of the ABP with a modified fluid-structure interaction (FSI) parameter, which allows a unified analysis of the ABP and WBP using the same set of formulas. The influence of back conditions on fluid and structural dynamics, including fluid cavitation, is systematically investigated. Asymptotic limits are mathematically identified and physically interpolated. Results show that the WBP experiences lower equivalent pressure loading, reduced structural response, and hence lower peak momentum gaining. The time to reach peak momentum is shorter for the WBP than for the ABP. Cavitation is found to be almost inevitable for the ABP, while relevant to the WBP only for a small range of the FSI parameter. Implications to shock response of submerged structures are briefly discussed.
Differential effects of phospholipase inhibitors on free fatty acid efflux in rat cerebral cortex during ischemia-reperfusion injury

Free fatty acid (FFA) elevation in the brain has been shown to correlate with the severity of damage in ischemic injury. The etiology of this increase in FFA remains unclear and has been hypothesized to result from phospholipase activation. This study examines the effects of specific phospholipase inhibitors on FFA efflux during ischemia-reperfusion injury. A four-vessel occlusion model of cerebral ischemia was utilized to assess the effects of PLA(2) and PLC inhibitors on FFA efflux from rat cerebral cortex. In addition, FFA efflux from non-ischemic cortices exposed to PLA(2) and PLC was measured. Concentrations of arachidonic, docosahexaenoic, linoleic, myristic, oleic, and palmitic acids in cortical superfusates were determined using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Exposure to the non-selective PLA(2) inhibitor 4-bromophenylacyl bromide (BPB) significantly inhibited FFA efflux during ischemia-reperfusion injury (P<0.01 arachidonic, oleic and palmitic; P<0.05 all others); exposure to the PLC inhibitor U73122 had no observed effect. The effects of the Ca(2+)-dependent PLA(2) inhibitor arachidonyl trifluoromethyl ketone (AACOCF(3)) mirrored the effects of BPB and led to reductions in all FFA levels (P<0.01 arachidonic, oleic and palmitic; P<0.05 all others). Exposure to the secretory PLA(2) inhibitor 3-(3-acetamide-1-benzyl-2-ethyl-indolyl-5-oxy) propane sulfonic acid (LY311727) and to the Ca(2+)-independent PLA(2) inhibitor bromoenol lactone (BEL) had only minimal effects on FFA efflux. Application of both PLA(2) and PLC to non-ischemic cortices resulted in significant increases in efflux of all FFA (P<0.05). The study suggests that FFA efflux during ischemia-reperfusion injury is coupled to activation of Ca(2+)-dependent PLA(2) and provides further evidence of the potential neuroprotective benefit of Ca(2+)-dependent PLA(2) inhibitors in ischemia.
On the detection of thin intergranular films by electron microscopy

Abstract The presence of very thin (6–50 A) films in integrated circuits and separating crystalline grains in ceramics, notably in zinc oxide varistors and in silicon nitride, has recently been reported using high resolution electron microscopy. The geometric conditions that must be met in order to observe such thin intergranular films using the microscopy techniques of bright-field imaging and lattice-fringe imaging, already adopted, are described. In addition, a method of defocus imaging is applied for the first time to the detection of thin films at grain boundaries.
Partners of USEPA Climate Leaders: an Event Study on Stock Performance

This research utilized an event study method to assess how the stocks of publicly traded companies responded before and after announcing their partnership with the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Climate Leaders program. Although the stocks exhibited an average non-significant positive abnormal return of 0.56% on the day of the announcement, the cumulative abnormal returns for the stock prices of the firms for two of the three event windows showed statistically significant negative returns. These results suggest that these firms' public announcements of joining the USEPA Climate Leaders partnership did not have a positive impact on stock performance. While no immediate financial benefit was found in this research, the practices implemented by these firms to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions may still bode well for long-term corporate earnings and attractiveness to investors. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.