cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Spatial Identification of Coal Power Plant Emission Effects on Education Access

Adverse educational outcomes have been repeatedly linked to recurring school absenteeism. Asthma is the most prevalent pediatric chronic illness and is the leading cause of health-related school absenteeism. This study seeks to understand the impacts of coal power plant emissions on asthma aggravation and resulting school absenteeism. Data from a unique, nationally administered pediatric asthma survey are combined with power plant emissions information to estimate the emissions' impacts on school absenteeism by asthmatic children. Exogenous wind pattern information and structural corrections for selection bias are used to identify households affected by emissions. Empirical results show a robustly positive relationship between power plant emissions and asthma-induced school absences. Moreover, we show that without appropriate identification and controls for self-selection, effects of coal power plant emissions on school absenteeism are underestimated.
Dynamic Risk Profile of the U.S. Term Structure

Unlike theoretical interest rate time series data, empirical interest time series data indicate obvious deviations from the conventional assumptions of theoretical term structure models. A careful examination of interest rate time series data from different U.S. Treasury maturities by wavelet multiresolution analysis (MRA) suggests that the first differences of the term structure of interest rate series are periodic or, at least, cyclic, non-stationary and dependent, i.e., they exhibit long memory. In addition, each time series data from a particular maturity has its own unique Hurst exponent and accordingly supports the Market Segmentation theory. The findings also imply that simple affine term structure models are insufficient to describe the complete dynamics of the various term structure diffusion processes and call for more intensive research that might provide better, most likely fractal or nonlinear, term structure models for each maturity in a system-like fashion. If this is correct, empirical term structure models may describe even chaotic, i.e., diffusion processes with non-unique dynamic equilibria, although it will require research of high-frequency (intra-day) data to establish that fact.
Building Inequality: Wage Disparity between Bangladeshi and Thai Guestworkers in Singapore’s Construction Industry:

Existing research on wage inequality in the construction industry focuses on dual labour markets in which migrants earn considerably less than native workers. This article examines occupational ine...
Reproduction in the Desert Lacerta, Mesalina guttulata, from Israel

Abstract Mesalina guttulata follows a seasonal reproductive cycle in Israel which commences in autumn and concludes in spring. Mean clutch size (n=16) was 4.2±1.3 SD, range 1–6. One is a new minimum clutch size for this species. Males and females of M. guttulata reach maturity at 36 mm and 43 mm snout vent length, respectively. Mature females were larger than males. There was no suggestion that females produce multiple clutches. The correlation between female body size and clutch size was not significant.
Axonal diameter and density estimated with 7-Tesla hybrid diffusion imaging in transgenic Alzheimer rats

Diffusion-weighted MR imaging (DWI) is a powerful tool to study brain tissue microstructure. DWI is sensitive to subtle changes in the white matter (WM), and can provide insight into abnormal brain changes in diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In this study, we used 7-Tesla hybrid diffusion imaging (HYDI) to scan 3 transgenic rats (line TgF344-AD; that model the full clinico-pathological spectrum of the human disease) ex vivo at 10, 15 and 24 months. We acquired 300 DWI volumes across 5 q-sampling shells (b=1000, 3000, 4000, 8000, 12000 s/mm^2). From the top three b-value shells with highest signal-to-noise ratios, we reconstructed markers of WM disease, including indices of axon density and diameter in the corpus callosum (CC) – directly quantifying processes that occur in AD. As expected, apparent anisotropy progressively decreased with age; there were also decreases in the intra- and extra-axonal MR signal along axons. Axonal diameters were larger in segments of the CC (splenium and body, but not genu), possibly indicating neuritic dystrophy – characterized by enlarged axons and dendrites as previously observed at the ultrastructural level (see Cohen et al., J. Neurosci. 2013). This was further supported by increases in MR signals trapped in glial cells, CSF and possibly other small compartments in WM structures. Finally, tractography detected fewer fibers in the CC at 10 versus 24 months of age. These novel findings offer great potential to provide technical and scientific insight into the biology of brain disease.
Impact of Corn Planting Date on the Population Dynamics of Corn Rootworms (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

Populations of corn rootworms ( Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte and D. barberi Smith and Lawrence) were monitored weekly from egg hatch through adult emergence on four and three corn planting dates in 1981 and 1982, respectively. Planting dates ranged from late April to early June. Significantly fewer larvae and adults were collected from corn planted in June. In addition, the date corresponding to 50 and 90% occurrence of third-stage larvae, pupae, and adults was significantly delayed by later planting. Numbers and the seasonal occurrence of first instars were not significantly affected by planting date. The effects of delayed planting on the population dynamics of corn rootworms presumably relates to reduced availability of corn roots resulting in mortality of earlyhatching larvae.
Fabry-Perot displacement interferometry in air

We demonstrate Fabry-Perot interferometry for displacement metrology in air using light at both 1560 nm and 1064 nm. Lasers are locked to the cavity and their frequencies are measured with an optical frequency comb.
Children's Human Rights and Public Schooling in the United States

Children's Human Rights and Public Schooling in the United States, edited by Julia Hall, provides a critical and compelling description of the everyday struggles for children's human rights across ...
Electrophilic activation of alkynes for enyne cycloisomerization reactions with in situ generated early/late heterobimetallic Pt-Ti catalysts.

In situ formation of heterobimetallic Pt–Ti catalysts enables rapid room temperature catalysis in enyne cycloisomerization reactions. The Lewis acidic titanium atom in the ligand framework is shown to be essential for fast catalysis. A range of enyne substrates are efficiently cyclized to carbocycles and heterocycles in high yield.
The Road to Reproducibility in Animal Research

Reproducibility of research findings is the hallmark of scientific advance. However, the recently noted lack of reproducibility and transparency of published research using animal models of human biology and disease has alarmed funders, scientists, and the public. Improved reporting of methodology and better use of statistical tools are needed to enhance the quality and utility of published research. Reporting guidelines like Animal Research: Reporting In Vivo Experiments (ARRIVE) have been devised to achieve these goals, but most biomedical research journals, including the JBMR, have not been able to obtain high compliance. Cooperative efforts among authors, reviewers and editors-empowered by increased awareness of their responsibilities, and enabled by user-friendly guidelines-are needed to solve this problem. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Blind interception of phase coded signals

This paper proposes a blind phase coded signal interception method for a potential target to recognize whether it is being looked at. The interception method is based on identifying the carrier frequency (fc) of the received signal with unknown phase coding from the ratio of the second derivative of the signal with itself. It is shown that this ratio is equal to −(2πfc)2. The second derivative is estimated by successive differences of the highly sampled received signal. It is shown that average of the ratio of the estimated second derivative to the highly sampled received signal gives an accurate estimate of the carrier frequency. To reduce the additive noise effect, different segments of the received signal are convolved with themselves and their outputs cross-correlated before computing the second derivative. Convolution of the noisy cosine/sine chips in the received signal is identical to cross correlation of the cosine chips/cross-correlation of the sine chips multiplied by − 1, added to convolution of the noise segments. This is so because cosine/sine chips are symmetrical/anti-symmetrical and the lack of such symmetry in the noise results in higher signal-to-noise ratio. This technique along with a bandpass filter bank, results in successful carrier identification based signal interception in environments with SNR ≅ 12 dB or more. Such SNR levels could be considered as reasonable in the common application of signal interception for a potential target. The received signal in such a scenario is stronger since, it is proportional to only 1, versus 1 and the effect of target cross-section on reflected signals.
Interactive and adaptive data-driven crowd simulation

We present an adaptive data-driven algorithm for interactive crowd simulation. Our approach combines realistic trajectory behaviors extracted from videos with synthetic multi-agent algorithms to generate plausible simulations. We use statistical techniques to compute the movement patterns and motion dynamics from noisy 2D trajectories extracted from crowd videos. These learned pedestrian dynamic characteristics are used to generate collision-free trajectories of virtual pedestrians in slightly different environments or situations. The overall approach is robust and can generate perceptually realistic crowd movements at interactive rates in dynamic environments. We also present results from preliminary user studies that evaluate the trajectory behaviors generated by our algorithm.
Surgery or Endotherapy for Large Duct Chronic Pancreatitis

For chronic pancreatitics who have a glandular morphology characterized by a dilated main pancreatic duct, pain is thought to be due to ductal hypertension and glandular/capsular stretch. Decompression of the pancreatic duct by either endoscopic transampullary stenting or surgical drainage is the principle method of treating symptoms in these patients. Surgical intervention is commonly thought to carry increased risk of perioperative morbidity, thus current practice involves an intervention sequence starting with endoscopic stenting and falling back to surgery in cases of recalcitrant pain. There is, however, little evidence to argue that an “endoscopy first” approach is better than early surgical intervention. Few studies prospectively examine outcomes of endoscopy compared to surgery in terms of pain relief, morbidity and mortality, number of repeated interventions, and preservation of pancreatic function. The evidence that is available suggests surgical management of large duct chronic pancreatitis results in better long term outcomes when compared to endoscopic therapy without incurring prohibitive risk of significant perioperative morbidity. In our view, surgical drainage of the pancreas should be considered as a primary method of managing patients with chronic pancreatitis and a dilated main pancreatic duct.
Looking back and looking to the future: 2016 SIGAI elections

On July 1, I will be stepping down as SIGAI Chair following elections for our SIG. In this article, I reflect on my time as Chair, describe the election process, and introduce the future leaders of our SIG.
It’s All About the Beautiful Game of Football, or Is It? On Television and Football in North Africa

Whether it is Aziz Bouderbala in Morocco, Rabah Madjer in Algeria, or Captain Choubir in Egypt, footballers continue to be the most popular sporting identities in North Africa, and football the most popular sport. Some critics view it as a deliberate political strategy to dupe and distract the masses. Others consider it a corporate entity that brings in billions of dirhams, dinars, and/or dollars and where the cultural practice of playing and admiring the sport has given way to the reproduction of a valuable and popular commodity that is consumed by the lowest social strata in North Africa.
Overview of Diagnostic Terminology and Reporting

The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC) established a uniform, tiered reporting system for thyroid fine needle aspiration (FNA) specimens. TBSRTC recommends that every thyroid FNA report begin with one of six diagnostic categories: (1) nondiagnostic or unsatisfactory, (2) benign, (3) atypia of undetermined significance (AUS) or follicular lesion of undetermined significance (FLUS), (4) follicular neoplasm or suspicious for a follicular neoplasm, (5) suspicious for malignancy, and (6) malignant. It offers a choice of two different names for three of the six categories: a laboratory should choose the one it prefers and use it exclusively for that category. Synonymous terms (e.g., AUS and FLUS) should not be used to denote two distinct interpretations. Each category has an implied cancer risk that ranges from 0 to 3% for the “benign” category to virtually 100% for the “malignant” category, and, in this second edition, the malignancy risks have been revised based on additional (post first edition) data. As a function of these risk associations, each category is linked to evidence-based clinical management guidelines. The recent reclassification of some thyroid neoplasms as noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP) has implications for the risk of malignancy, and this is accounted for in this chapter. For some of the general diagnostic categories, subcategorization can be informative and is often appropriate. Additional descriptive comments (beyond such subcategorization) are optional and left to the discretion of the cytopathologist. Notes and recommendations can be useful, especially due to the introduction of NIFTP.
Recurrence or Complication: The Lesser of Two Evils? A Review of Patient-Reported Outcomes from the VA Hernia Trial

Inguinal hernia is one of the most common disease states affecting men worldwide. The direct and indirect costs of this condition, with or without repair, are great. Recent studies have questioned the need for repair in asymptomatic patients; however, in both of these studies, pain and discomfort were the main reasons for a crossover to repair from the “watchful waiting” group [1, 2].
Cognitive capital, equity and child-sensitive social protection in Asia and the Pacific

Promoting child development and welfare delivers human rights and builds sustainable economies through investment in ‘cognitive capital’. This analysis looks at conditions that support optimal brain development in childhood and highlights how social protection promotes these conditions and strengthens the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Asia and the Pacific. Embracing child-sensitive social protection offers multiple benefits. The region has been a leader in global poverty reduction but the underlying pattern of economic growth exacerbates inequality and is increasingly unsustainable. The strategy of channelling low-skilled rural labour to industrial jobs left millions of children behind with limited opportunities for development. Building child-sensitive social protection and investing better in children9s cognitive capacity could check these trends and trigger powerful long-term human capital development—enabling labour productivity to grow faster than populations age. While governments are investing more in social protection, the region9s spending remains low by international comparison. Investment is particularly inadequate where it yields the highest returns: during the first 1000 days of life. Five steps are recommended for moving forward: (1) building cognitive capital by adjusting the region9s development paradigms to reflect better the economic and social returns from investing in children; (2) understand and track better child poverty and vulnerability; (3) progressively build universal, child-sensitive systems that strengthen comprehensive interventions within life cycle frameworks; (4) mobilise national resources for early childhood investments and child-sensitive social protection; and (5) leverage the SDGs and other channels of national and international collaboration.
Universal dynamic control law and rate feedbacks

Abstract A common approach to control problems is to look for a static control law through a detailed study of the known mathematical model of the system, assuming that the needed measurements of the state vector are available for closed-loop feedbacks. Recently, this author showed that a special universal dynamic control law can control a class of systems without the need of detailed knowledge of their mathematical models-provided good quality measured rate data of certain components of the state vector are available. The present paper shows that when additional knowledge beyond the minimum is available, the amount of needed rate data can be reduced. Numerical simulations are presented to elucidate the effects of measurement noises.
Performance of 4T score and heparin-platelet factor 4 antibody in the diagnosis of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) in cancer.

Cancer patients have characteristics which significantly influence the 4T score and heparin–platelet factor 4 antibody (H-PF4 ab). Our aim was to determine among cancer patients the correlation of the 4T score and H-PF4 ab with the serotonin release assay (SRA). We performed a retrospective analysis of records of cancer patients in whom H-PF4 polyclonal (IgG, IgM and IgA) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and SRA were evaluated. Cases were defined as heparin induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) when SRA confirmed the diagnosis. Logistic regression model and the receiver operating characteristic curves were conducted to identify the optimal cutting point for the optical density (OD) and 4T score to discriminate the SRA status. Among 246 patients, the optimal cutoff of 4T score for HIT diagnosis was 5 (sensitivity 90.0%, specificity 73.6%), and the optimal cutoff of H-PF4 polyclonal ELISA OD was 1.004 (sensitivity 81.8%, specificity 97.0%). Our findings suggest that cancer patients may need higher cutoff values for the 4T score. Conventional H-PF4 ab testing seem to perform similarly for the diagnosis of HIT when compared to published data from non-cancer cohorts. Additional studies are necessary to confirm our findings.
Teledermatology Applications in Skin Cancer Diagnosis

Teledermatology has drawn interest in the dermatologic community, because it allows for earlier detection of skin cancer in patients with poor access to health care. Using a combination of dermoscopy and digital photography, teledermatology has demonstrated acceptable concordance with face-to-face clinical diagnoses in multiple settings for pigmented skin lesions. Additional studies on using teledermatology to assess nonpigmented skin lesions are needed. Future advances in mobile teledermatology may help make this technology more widespread and affordable. Although teledermatology is not a replacement for regular total body skin examinations, it is a useful tool to significantly reduce the burden of dermatologic malignancies.
Chapter 6 – Precision Medicine and Areas for Further Research

Heart failure is a global public health problem affecting an estimated 26 million worldwide. In the United States alone, it affects about 5.7 million individuals, and there are 670,000 new cases annually. This book aims to introduce to the current knowledge of epidemiology and biostatistics they apply to the study design and analysis of heart failure epidemiology. Given the scope of serving as an introduction to heart failure epidemiology, this book cannot cover all topics. In the final chapter, it aims to highlight few new concepts and examples of areas for further studies in heart failure epidemiology and prevention.
Vasoactive Substances As Mediators of Renal Injury

Kidney function is regulated by a complex interplay between circulating and locally produced chemicals known as vasoactive substances. These substances affect the tone of the renal vasculature, leading to either vasodilation or vasoconstriction; and consequently affect renal blood flow and/or glomerular filtration rate. They belong to a chemically heterogeneous group and include proteins, peptides, lipids, and nucleosides. This chapter summarizes the role of these vasoactive substances in the maintenance of normal renal function and also highlights their role in disease states including acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, and hypertension.
Variable oxygen exposure causes preretinal neovascularization in the newborn rat.

PURPOSE To test the hypothesis that variable hyperoxia potentiates preretinal neovascularization in newborn rats, and to establish a more reliable animal model of ROP in which therapies designed to inhibit abnormal angiogenesis can be tested. METHODS Immediately after birth, litters of Sprague Dawley albino rats and mothers were placed in an incubator containing 40% oxygen. After 12 hours, the oxygen was increased to 80% with a transition time of less than 1 min. For the ensuing 7, 10, or 14 days, the oxygen was altered between 40% and 80% every 12 hr in a stepwise fashion. Other litters were kept in constant 80% oxygen or in room air for the same three time periods. After exposure, rats were either killed or placed in room air for an additional 2, 4, or 7 days before being killed. RESULTS When rats were killed immediately after oxygen exposure, the resulting vessel loss in rats exposed to 40%/80% oxygen was identical to that of animals exposed to 80% (vessels constituted 12.2 +/- 2.2% of total retinal area in cyclic oxygen vs 12.0 +/- 1.2% in constant oxygen). However, preretinal neovascularization subsequently occurred in 66% (63/96) of all rats exposed to cyclic oxygen followed by a room air period but in no rats (0/50) exposed to constant oxygen followed by room air. Preretinal vascular proliferation consisted of glomerular tufts of endothelial cells, or mature, lumenized vessels containing red blood cells. CONCLUSIONS Consistency of oxygen therapy is more important than overall oxygen level in inducing retinopathy. Consideration should be given to tighter control of intended oxygen therapy in premature infants, regardless of the target saturation level.
Inhibition of pulmonary surfactant biophysical activity by cationic polyamino acids.

Purpose. The purpose of this study is to investigate the interaction of cationic polyamino acids, polylysine and polyarginine, with rat pulmonary surfactant at the air/water interface.
Mechanical Characterization of Cellulose Nanofibril Materials Made by Additive Manufacturing

Cellulose nanomaterials have high specific stiffness and strength, are optically transparent, and are biodegradable, making them an attractive building block for bulk materials. The overall dimensions of neat bulk cellulose nanofibril (CNF) materials is significantly limited by the development of residual stresses generated during the drying process, when the source CNF is 1.0 wt.% in water or less, or by agglomeration, when the source CNF is greater than 1.0 wt.%. Here, we overcome these issues by producing CNF films and structures by additive manufacturing (i.e., 3D printing) of a shear thinning aqueous CNF suspension onto hydrophobic substrates under controlled drying conditions. Films of enhanced thicknesses, greater than 80 μm, are achieved as a result of the multistep layer-by-layer manufacturing process. The mechanical properties of the resulting materials are characterized via nanoindentation and tensile testing. Nanoindentation is used primarily to map the mechanical properties and examine variations in properties spatially and through the thickness. Tensile testing, with strain measurement via digital image correlation, is used to characterize the bulk properties. Mechanical characterization is supported by additional characterization via atomic force, optical, and electron microscopy. This study demonstrates the ability to additively manufacture stiff, strong, uniform, and scalable cellulose nanofibril materials.
Nonplanar Electrode Architectures for Ultrahigh Areal Capacity Batteries

We report on the design of a battery electrode architecture in which ion and electronic transport pathways are contiguous and span the entire volume of a thick, nonplanar electrode. It is shown tha...
Differential association of subtypes of epileptiform activity with outcome after cardiac arrest.

Abstract Background Epileptiform activity is common after cardiac arrest, although intensity of electroencephalographic (EEG) monitoring may affect detection rates. Prior work has grouped these patterns together as “malignant,” without considering discrete subtypes. We describe the incidence of distinct patterns in the ictal-interictal spectrum at two centers and their association with outcomes. Methods We analyzed a retrospective cohort of comatose post-arrest patients admitted at two academic centers from January 2011 to October 2014. One center uses routine continuous EEG, the other acquires “spot” EEG at the treating physicians’ discretion. We reviewed all available EEG data and classified epileptiform patterns. We abstracted antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) administrations from the electronic medical record. We compared apparent incidence of each pattern between centers, and compared outcomes (awakening from coma, survival to discharge, discharge modified Rankin Scale (mRS) 0–2) across EEG patterns and number of AEDs administered. Results We included 818 patients. Routine continuous EEG was associated with a higher apparent incidence of polyspike burst-suppression (25% vs 13% P Conclusion We found high rates of epileptiform EEG findings, regardless of intensity of EEG monitoring. The association of distinct ictal-interictal EEG findings with outcome was variable.
The Puzzle of Non-participatory Membership

Why do aggrieved member countries choose not to litigate within the WTO’s Dispute Settlement Body (DSB)? This is a very important and timely question that this chapter lays the foundation for answering. It argues that “non-participatory membership” is manifested as those situations in which a country has a reason to be either a complainant or respondent in a trade dispute and opts not to do so for a variety of reasons. This can occur as pure non-participation, strategic bargaining and free riding. The chapter outlines six major explanations for this choice by states and argues that all trading dyads make these considerations. To probe this phenomenon in a way that adds to the broader literature, it makes the case for a mixed methods study comprising formal models, case studies and the information theory approach.
FRACTIONAL FLOW RESERVE BY CORONARY COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY (FFRCT): IMPACT OF MEASUREMENT SITE ON ASSESSMENT OF LESION-SPECIFIC ISCHEMIA AND STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE

Recent studies of lesion-specific ischemia suggest that measuring fractional flow reserve by coronary computed tomography angiography (FFRCT) from the distal vessel is less accurate then measuring FFRCT distal-to-the-lesion. The purpose of this study is to evaluate how the site of measurement of
Preliminary efficacy and mediators of interpersonal psychotherapy for reducing posttraumatic stress symptoms in an incarcerated population.

Objective: Incarcerated individuals have high rates of trauma exposure. IPT reduces posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in non-incarcerated adults, but has not been examined in prison pop...
Examining Space–Time Interaction in City-Level Homicide Data: Crack Markets and the Diffusion of Guns Among Youth

This paper examines the linkage between crack market activity and gunhomicide suggested by Blumstein (1995), who argues that the arrival ofcrack stimulated an increased availability of guns among juveniles. Thisgreater availability of guns, the argument continues, is responsible for thesharp upswing in juvenile homicide experienced in the United States in themid-1980s. Using city-level data on crack arrests and gun-related juvenilehomicide, we fit a change-point version of the Bass (1969) model ofinnovation diffusion. We find that, in most large American cities, thediffusion process for crack cocaine experienced an onset of dramatic growththat was followed by a similar, slightly slower growth in gun homicidescommitted by juveniles. We further use cluster analysis to find that thespatial patterning of the two processes is similar, starting on the East andWest Coasts and working their way toward other regions of the nation. Gunuse in homicide among slightly older offenders (ages 18–24) alsoexperienced a change at roughly the same time as the juveniles, but the rateof diffusion was considerably milder than for the younger group; offendersages 25 or older generally show no growth in gun-related homicide whatsoever. In addition, there is no detectable surge in juvenile nongun homicide activity. Based on these findings, we conclude that the crack cocaine markets–gun availability linkage is highly plausible, and we suggest directions for future research in clarifying the dynamics of the late-1980s surge in juvenile homicide.
A Weakly-Supervised Attention-based Visualization Tool for Assessing Political Affiliation.

In this work, we seek to finetune a weakly-supervised expert-guided Deep Neural Network (DNN) for the purpose of determining political affiliations. In this context, stance detection is used for determining political affiliation or ideology which is framed in the form of relative proximities between entities in a low-dimensional space. An attention-based mechanism is used to provide model interpretability. A Deep Neural Network for Natural Language Understanding (NLU) using static and contextual embeddings is trained and evaluated. Various techniques to visualize the projections generated from the network are evaluated for visualization efficiency. An overview of the pipeline from data ingestion, processing and generation of visualization is given here. A web-based framework created to faciliate this interaction and exploration is presented here. Preliminary results of this study are summarized and future work is outlined.
ModiPick: SLA-aware Accuracy Optimization For Mobile Deep Inference.

Mobile applications are increasingly leveraging complex deep learning models to deliver features, e.g., image recognition, that require high prediction accuracy. Such models can be both computation and memory-intensive, even for newer mobile devices, and are therefore commonly hosted in powerful remote servers. However, current cloud-based inference services employ static model selection approach that can be suboptimal for satisfying application SLAs (service level agreements), as they fail to account for inherent dynamic mobile environment. We introduce a cloud-based technique called ModiPick that dynamically selects the most appropriate model for each inference request, and adapts its selection to match different SLAs and execution time budgets that are caused by variable mobile environments. The key idea of ModiPick is to make inference speed and accuracy trade-offs at runtime with a pool of managed deep learning models. As such, ModiPick masks unpredictable inference time budgets and therefore meets SLA targets, while improving accuracy within mobile network constraints. We evaluate ModiPick through experiments based on prototype systems and through simulations. We show that ModiPick achieves comparable inference accuracy to a greedy approach while improving SLA adherence by up to 88.5%.
How robust is our cumulative knowledge on turnover

Although systematic reviews are considered the primary means for generating cumulative knowledge and their results are often used to inform evidence-based practice, the robustness of their meta-analytic summary estimates is rarely investigated. Consequently, the results of published systematic reviews and, by extension, our cumulative knowledge have come under scrutiny. Using a comprehensive approach to sensitivity analysis, we examined the impact of outliers and publication bias, as well as their combined effect, on meta-analytic results on employee turnover. Our analysis of 205 distributions from seven recently published meta-analyses revealed that meta-analytic results on turnover are often affected by publication bias and, less frequently, outliers. Moreover, we observed that 33% of the recommendations for practice provided in the original systematic reviews on turnover were not robust to outliers and/or publication bias, which, if implemented by practitioners, could yield unexpected consequences and, thus, widen the science-practice gap. We argue that practitioners should be skeptical about implementing practices recommended by meta-analytic studies that do not include sensitivity analyses. To improve sensitivity analysis reporting rates and, thus, the transparency of meta-analytic findings and recommendations for practice, we introduce an open-access software ( metasen.shinyapps.io/gen1/ ) that conducts all analyses performed in the current study. We provide guidelines and recommendations for future turnover studies and sensitivity analyses in the meta-analytic context.
Widening Disparities Among Patients With Rheumatic Diseases in the COVID-19 Era: An Urgent Call to Action.

Recent data from multiple public health departments across the U.S. highlighting the disproportionate burden of COVID-19 infections in vulnerable populations serve as an urgent call to action. As rheumatologists, we are acutely aware of the higher morbidity and mortality, and for a number of our diseases, the higher incidence and prevalence among racial/ethnic minorities and individuals of lower socioeconomic status (SES). Comorbidities are frequent, timely access to subspecialty care is limited, receipt of high quality care is less common, and care is more often fragmented with frequent, avoidable acute care use.
Isospin-Forbidden Compound Nuclear Resonances in Al 25 and P 29

The analogs of the ground state and first excited state of $^{25}\mathrm{Na}$ and $^{29}\mathrm{Al}$ have been studied as compound resonances in $^{25}\mathrm{Al}$ and $^{29}\mathrm{P}$, respectively, formed by scattering protons from $^{24}\mathrm{Mg}$ and $^{28}\mathrm{Si}$ targets. The accurate excitation energies obtained for these resonances, which are in excellent agreement with their locations available from delayed-proton, ($p,t$), and ($p,\ensuremath{\gamma}$) experiments, were used to predict the masses of $^{25}\mathrm{Si}$ and $^{29}\mathrm{S}$ from the isobaric-multiplet mass formula, and to calculate Coulomb-energy differences between the members of these isospin quartets. Total widths (300 eV) and partial proton widths were extracted for the sharp isospin-forbidden $T=\frac{3}{2}$ resonances and compared with the widths of several new $T=\frac{1}{2}$ resonances in $^{25}\mathrm{Al}$ and $^{29}\mathrm{P}$ lying in the same region of excitation (7.5 to 10.0 MeV). Shifts are observed between the locations of corresponding analog states in the parent and ${T}_{z}=\ensuremath{-}\frac{1}{2}$ nuclei.
Round-Number Bidding as an M&A Strategy

Round number initial offers are pervasive in many bargaining situations. We examine the prevalence and outcome of such offers in the market for merger and acquisition targets. We find that the prac...
Bernard Williams as a Philosopher of Ethical Freedom

Interpreting Bernard Williams’s ethical philosophy is not easy. His style is deceptively conversational; apparently direct, yet argumentatively inexplicit and allusive. He is moreover committed to evading ready-made philosophical “-isms.” All this reinforces the already distinct impression that the structure of his philosophy is a web of interrelated commitments where none has unique priority. Against this impression, however, I will venture that the contours of his philosophy become clearest if one considers that there is a single, unchanging root conviction from which his ethical philosophy grows. Despite the perpetual motion of his philosophical thought—its erudition, originality, range, and unceasing forward momentum—still, I contend, there is something unchanging at the heart of it. I will show this by reference to three signature theses: internal reasons, the relativism of distance, and the porous borders of philosophy and history. I will argue that the root conviction of which these are the fruits is the conviction that the constraints of universal rationality seriously underdetermine how one should live. This, I believe, is the vision of the human ethical condition that constitutes the largely inexplicit yet utterly fundamental presupposition beneath Williams’s ethical philosophy taken as a whole. I label the object of this root conviction ethical freedom, and thus portray Williams as a philosopher of ethical freedom.
Tachypnea and Epistaxis in a Full-term Infant.

1. Daniela Titchiner, MD* 2. Priya Dukes, MD* 3. Rebecca Speier, MD* 4. Sharla Rent, MD* 1. *Duke University Hospital, Durham, NC 1. Address correspondence to Daniela Titchiner, MD, Department of Neonatology, Duke University Hospital, 2301 Erwin Rd, Durham, NC 27710. E-mail: daniela.titchiner{at}duke.edu A 3.8-kg male infant is born at 40 weeks’ gestation to a 30-year-old primigravida woman via normal spontaneous vaginal delivery. The pregnancy is uncomplicated, with appropriate prenatal care. Delivery is uneventful; the patient receives routine delivery care with Apgar scores of 7 at 1 minute and 9 at 5 minutes. The infant is transferred to newborn nursery with no complications. At 19 postnatal hours, he develops persistent tachypnea and stertor. The patient’s nares are suctioned bilaterally, followed by frank epistaxis and 2 episodes of bloody emesis. As a result, he is admitted to the NICU due to concern for respiratory distress and evaluation of bloody emesis. Initial examination in the NICU reveals an appropriate for gestational age term infant with mild tachypnea with RR 80, no increased work of breathing, saturating > 97% on room air. Chest radiograph demonstrates no abnormalities. The results of a complete blood cell count and coagulation studies are within normal limits. The examining NICU physician notes a soft-tissue mass in the left nasal meatus, without facial asymmetry or visible oropharynx abnormality noted. Pediatric otolaryngology (ENT) department is consulted and via flexible fiberoptic laryngoscopy visualizes a “soft, pink, mass in the …
Generalized Newtonian fluid flow through a porous medium

Abstract We present a model for generalized Newtonian fluid flow through a porous medium. In the model the dependence of the fluid viscosity on the velocity is replaced by a dependence on a smoothed (locally averaged) velocity. With appropriate assumptions on the smoothed velocity, existence of a solution to the model is shown. Two examples of smoothing operators are presented in the appendices. A numerical approximation scheme is presented and an a priori error estimate derived. A numerical example is given illustrating the approximation scheme and the a priori error estimate.
Chapter five Genomics, genetics, and biochemistry of maize carotenoid biosynthesis

Summary and future directions Metabolic engineering of carotenoid content and composition requires anunderstanding of how the biosynthetic pathway is regulated in terms of gene expression, localization of enzyme activities, and substrate flow. Preliminary success with metabolic engineering of the pathway in rice, tomato, tobacco, and canola points to the potential of this approach.90–93 However, unexpected products in transgenic plants indicate that the technology is limited by current deficiencies in understanding of endogenous gene expression. Furthermore, integration of the pathway in local varieties will also entail pyramiding of multiple traits, yet little is known about pathway interactions and competition for common substrates. The discovery that many of the maize enzymes are encoded by small gene families underscores the importance of evaluating the role of these genes in contributing to endosperm carotenoid accumulation. Furthermore, the possibility that the pathway can be assembled on different plastid membranes suggests that future attempts at metabolic engineering or breeding of enhanced carotenoids will require further exploration of this issue. The genetic, genomic, and germplasm resources available for maize will provide a means to develop rational strategies for metabolic engineering and marker-assisted breeding to improve carotenoid content and composition in maize and other grasses of agronomic value.
Enhanced oral bioavailability of quercetin by nanostructured lipid carriers (1044.24)

Background: Quercetin, a flavonoid found in fruits, vegetables and grains, has been shown to have many biological activities and pharmacological actions, however, because of its high hydrophobicity...
A Glossary of Technical Terms Related to Bankruptcy in the U.S.

This note briefly describes the most important legal forms of U.S. bankruptcy (Chapter 7 and Chapter 11), and provides definitions of technical terms related to the bankruptcy process.Learning Objective: A handy reference for bankruptcy terminology.
Professional Development in a Digital Age: Issues and Challenges for Standards-Based Reform

This paper discusses possible roles for online technologies in professional development begins by describing characteristics of professional development approaches that enable teachers to engage in standards−based teaching. Electronic technologies offer two leverage points that bridge time and place constraints imposed by onsite professional development: (1) ubiquitous access to resources that support student and teacher learning; (2) expanded opportunities for teachers' learning communities through electronic conferencing systems, whose common features, designs, and uses are described. Finally, challenges and potential solutions for making effective use of electronic technologies for professional development are described.
Experimental estimation of heterogeneous treatment effects related to self-selection

Social scientists widely regard the random-assignment experiment as the gold standard for making causal inferences about the world. We argue that it can be improved. For situations in which self-selection and heterogeneity of treatment effects exist, an alternative experimental design that retains random assignment to treatment or control and supplements it with some self-selection of condition offers a clear advantage. It reveals the average treatment effect while also allowing estimation of the distinct effects of the treatment on those apt and inapt to experience the treatment outside the experimental context.
Hybrid classification for tweets related to infection with influenza

Traditional public health surveillance methods such as those employed by the CDC (United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) rely on regular clinical reports, which are almost always manual and labor intensive. Twitter, a popular micro-blogging service, provides the possibility of automated public health surveillance. Tweets, however, are less than 140 characters, and do not provide sufficient word occurrences for conventional classification methods to work reliably. Moreover, natural language is complex. This makes health-related classification more challenging. In this study, we use flu-related classification as a demonstration to propose a hybrid classification method, which combines two classification approaches: manually- defined features and auto-generated features by machine learning approaches. Preprocessing based on Natural Language Processing (NLP) is used to help extract useful information, and to eliminate noise features. Our simulations show an improved accuracy.
The Saccharomyces cerevisiae SRK1 gene, a suppressor of bcy1 and ins1, may be involved in protein phosphatase function.

Abstract The Saccharomyces cerevisiae SRK1 gene, when expressed on a low-copy shuttle vector, partially suppresses the phenotype associated with elevated levels of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase activity and suppresses the temperature-sensitive cell cycle arrest of the ins1 mutant. SRK1 is located on chromosome IV, 3 centimorgans from gcn2. A mutant carrying a deletion mutation in srk1 is viable. SRK1 encodes a 140-kDa protein with homology to the dis3+ protein from Schizosaccharomyces pombe. The ability of SRK1 to alleviate partially the defects caused by high levels of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase and the similarity of its encoded protein to dis3+ suggest that SRK1 may have a role in protein phosphatase function.
Household and neighborhood contexts of intimate partner violence.

SynopSiS objectives. Two sources of contextual risk on the prevalence and severity of intimate partner violence (IPV) are investigated: household economic condition and neighborhood disadvantage. There is debate about whether each context is an independent source of IPV risk and whether risks cumulate over contexts. Methods. Data from the second wave of the National Survey of Families and Households are combined with tract level data from the 1990 U.S. Census. A sub-sample of co-resident couples with a child aged 5–17 in the household was selected for analysis (n52,273). IPV is measured in three ways: as any physical violence reported by either partner in the year prior to the survey, as gendered violence in which both partners are identified as aggressors, and as severe violence in terms of injury and frequency.
Disconnections Between Teacher Expectations and Student Confidence in Bioethics

This study examines how student practice of scientific argumentation using socioscientific bioethics issues affects both teacher expectations of students’ general performance and student confidence in their own work. When teachers use bioethical issues in the classroom students can gain not only biology content knowledge but also important decision-making skills. Learning bioethics through scientific argumentation gives students opportunities to express their ideas, formulate educated opinions and value others’ viewpoints. Research has shown that science teachers’ expectations of student success and knowledge directly influence student achievement and confidence levels. Our study analyzes pre-course and post-course surveys completed by students enrolled in a university level bioethics course (n = 111) and by faculty in the College of Biology and Agriculture faculty (n = 34) based on their perceptions of student confidence. Additionally, student data were collected from classroom observations and interviews. Data analysis showed a disconnect between faculty and students perceptions of confidence for both knowledge and the use of science argumentation. Student reports of their confidence levels regarding various bioethical issues were higher than faculty reports. A further disconnect showed up between students’ preferred learning styles and the general faculty’s common teaching methods; students learned more by practicing scientific argumentation than listening to traditional lectures. Students who completed a bioethics course that included practice in scientific argumentation, significantly increased their confidence levels. This study suggests that professors’ expectations and teaching styles influence student confidence levels in both knowledge and scientific argumentation.