cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Diastereoselective Syntheses of (E)-α-Trialkylsilyl α,β-Unsaturated Esters, α-Silane-Substituted Conjugated Silyl Ketene Acetals, and α,γ-Substituted Allylsilanes

The vicinal functionalization of propiolate esters via a catalytic carbocupration/silicon group migration sequence has been further investigated to include the syntheses of a wide variety of β-alkyl- and β-aryl-substituted (E)-α-silyl α,β-unsaturated esters. The ester substrates were transformed into their β,γ-unsaturated isomers by means of an LDA-mediated γ-deprotonation, extended silyl ketene acetal formation, and final α-protonation sequence. The silyl ketene acetal intermediates were also isolated, and their stereochemistries were established by NOE. The isolation of the intermediate extended silyl ketene acetals afforded further understanding of the lithium-extended dienolate structure and furnished additional support for Snieckus’s proposed cyclic eight-membered transition state in the deprotonation of (Z)-α,β-unsaturated carbonyls with metallodialkylamides.
An overview of the oral health component of the 1988-1991 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III-Phase 1)

As part of a Federal consortium, the National Institute of Dental Research's (NIDR) Division of Epidemiology and Oral Disease Prevention (DEODP) staff and consultants collaborated with the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) to conduct a national oral health examination as a component of the 1988-94 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). The Phase 1 took place between October 18, 1988, and October 24, 1991, at 44 survey locations; Phase 2, between September 20, 1991, and October 15, 1994, at 45 sites. This article provides general background information on the NHANES III and its oral health examination component which pertains to all six years of the full survey. It also focuses on particular aspects of the first three years of the survey (NHANES III-Phase 1)--the database for the articles in this peer-reviewed Special Issue--and provides the essential context for the substantively oriented analyses of the Phase 1 database which are presented in the articles which follow this overview.
The claustrum is required for reward acquisition under high cognitive demand

The claustrum is proposed to mediate a variety of functions ranging from sensory binding to top-down cognitive control of action, but direct functional assessments of this telencephalic nucleus are lacking. Here we employ the guanine nucleotide-binding subunit beta-4 cre driver line in mice to selectively monitor and manipulate claustrum projection neurons. Using fiber photometry, we find elevated claustrum activity prior to an expected cue during correct performance on a cognitively demanding five-choice response assay relative to a less-demanding one-choice version of the task. Claustrum activity during reward acquisition is also enhanced when cognitive demand is higher. Furthermore, we use optogenetic inhibition of claustrum prior to the expected cue to demonstrate that claustrum is critical for accurate performance on the five-choice, but not the one-choice, task. These results suggest the claustrum supports a cognitive control function necessary for reward acquisition under cognitively demanding conditions.
A Weather Information Telemeter System

The design of a 90 channel data system which prints the digital values of temperature, precipitation, wind direction, wind velocity, dewpoint, and vertical temperature gradient directly on a teletype is described. Scheduled sequence, manual selection of individual stations or elements or continuous printing of a selected element from a selected station has been incorporated in the design.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Indolines, Benzodihydrothiophenes, and Indanes by C−H Insertion of Donor/Donor Carbenes

We employ a single catalyst/oxidant system to enable the asymmetric syntheses of indolines, benzodihydrothiophenes, and indanes by C-H insertion of donor/donor carbenes. This methodology enables the rapid construction of densely substituted five-membered rings that form the core of many drug targets and natural products. Furthermore, oxidation of hydrazones to the corresponding diazo compounds proceeds in situ, enabling a relatively facile one- or two-pot protocol in which isolation of potentially explosive diazo alkanes is avoided. Regioselectivity studies were performed to determine the impact of sterics and electronics in donor/donor metal carbene C-H insertions to form indolines. This methodology was applied to a variety of substrates in high yield, diastereomeric, and enantiomeric ratios and to the synthesis of a patented indane estrogen receptor agonist with anti-cancer activity.
Hybrid orbiting-to-photos in 3D reconstructed visual reality

Virtually navigating through photos from a 3D image-based reconstruction has recently become very popular in many applications. In this paper, we consider a particular virtual travel maneuver that is important for this type of virtual navigation---orbiting to photos that can see a point-of-interest (POI). The main challenge with this particular type of orbiting is how to give appropriate feedback to the user regarding the existence and information of each photo in 3D while allowing the user to manipulate three degrees-of-freedom (DoF) for orbiting around the POI. We present a hybrid approach that combines features from two baselines---proxy plane and thumbnail approaches. Experimental results indicate that users rated our hybrid approach more favorably for several qualitative questionnaire statements, and that the hybrid approach is preferred over both baselines for outdoor scenes.
The Influences of Portion Size, Context and Package Characteristics on Snack Food Consumption: Evidence from a U.S. Rolling Cross-Sectional Survey

Using a rolling cross-sectional sample of over 40,000 U.S. snack food consumers during 2004–2010, we build a three-dimensional model to study how portion sizes, consumption context, and package cha...
Hepatocyte and stellate cell deletion of liver fatty acid binding protein reveals distinct roles in fibrogenic injury

Liver fatty acid binding protein (L-Fabp) modulates lipid trafficking in enterocytes, hepatocytes, and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). We examined hepatocyte vs. HSC L-Fabp deletion in hepatic metabolic adaptation and fibrotic injury. Floxed L-Fabp mice were bred to different transgenic Cre mice or injected with adeno-associated virus type 8 (AAV8) Cre and fed diets to promote steatosis and fibrosis or were subjected to either bile duct ligation or CCl4 injury. Albumin-Cre-mediated L-Fabp deletion revealed recombination in hepatocytes and HSCs; these findings were confirmed with 2 other floxed alleles. Glial fibrillary acid protein-Cre and platelet-derived growth factor receptor β-Cre-mediated L-Fabp deletion demonstrated recombination only in HSCs. Mice with albumin promoter-driven Cre recombinase (Alb-Cre)-mediated or AAV8-mediated L-Fabp deletion were protected against food withdrawal-induced steatosis. Mice with Alb-Cre-mediated L-Fabp deletion were protected against high saturated fat-induced steatosis and fibrosis, phenocopying germline L-Fabp-/- mice. Mice with HSC-specific L-Fabp deletion exhibited retinyl ester depletion yet demonstrated no alterations in fibrosis. On the other hand, fibrogenic resolution after CCl4 administration was impaired in mice with Alb-Cre-mediated L-Fabp deletion. These findings suggest cell type-specific roles for L-Fabp in mitigating hepatic steatosis and in modulating fibrogenic injury and reversal.-Newberry, E. P., Xie, Y., Lodeiro, C., Solis, R., Moritz, W., Kennedy, S., Barron, L., Onufer, E., Alpini, G., Zhou, T., Blaner, W. S., Chen, A., Davidson, N. O. Hepatocyte and stellate cell deletion of liver fatty acid binding protein reveal distinct roles in fibrogenic injury.
A Pilot Study Exploring the Relationship Between Perfectionism and Anxiety in an Urban Middle School

The purpose of this study was to identify whether maladaptive perfectionism predicts elevated symptoms of anxiety in a sample of primarily Puerto Rican middle school students. Participants included...
Majorana Corner Modes with Solitons in an Attractive Hubbard-Hofstadter Model of Cold Atom Optical Lattices

Higher-order topological superconductors hosting Majorana-Kramers pairs (MKPs) as corner modes have recently been proposed in a two-dimensional quantum spin Hall insulator proximity-coupled to unconventional cuprate or iron-based superconductors. Here, we show that such MKPs can be realized using a conventional $s$-wave superfluid with a soliton in cold atom systems governed by the Hubbard-Hofstadter model. The MKPs emerge in the presence of interaction at the ``corners'' defined by the intersections of line solitons and the one-dimensional edges of the system. Our scheme is based on the recently realized cold atom Hubbard-Hofstadter lattice and will pave the way for observing possible higher-order topological superfluidity with conventional $s$-wave superfluids or superconductors.
Community participation and public transportation barriers experienced by people with disabilities

Background: Barriers to public transportation quickly impact the ability of people with disabilities to fully experience their community.Objective: A national survey of people with disabilities was conducted to understand the barriers and supports to accessing public transportation and the impact on community participation.Method: A total of 1748 respondents responded to a web-based survey investigating the accessibility of public transportation. Results present frequency of barriers to public transportation and group differences using Pearson's chi-square technique and Mann-Whitney U tests.Results: A majority of respondents experienced difficulties accessing public transportation, and community activities that do not occur on a regular schedule are more affected by problems with public transportation. Individuals with blindness or low vision, psychiatric disabilities, chronic health conditions, or multiple disabilities experienced more problems using public transportation for community participation, along with participants who were female, Hispanic, Latino/Latina, or Spanish origin.Limitations: Survey distribution was convenience-based, which may have affected participation of certain disability groups, cultural groups, and/or those without computer access, and interpretations cannot be made regarding predictive or casual relationships.Conclusions: Significant challenges face individuals with disabilities as they use public transportation, and certain disability groups are more severely impacted by these problems.Implications for RehabilitationCertain disability groups experience more severe problems with public transportation, as compared to other groups.Public policy advocacy and actions related to public transportation must prioritise individuals with disabilities who experience significantly more problems.Problems using public transportation for spontaneous activities pose increased problems for individuals with disabilities, and steps (i.e., extended hours or alternative transportation options) must be taken to overcome this barrier.
Circulating exosomes measure responses to therapy in head and neck cancer patients treated with cetuximab, ipilimumab, and IMRT.

Purpose: Exosomes, small extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from the endocytic compartment of their parent cells, are present in plasma of cancer patients and may serve as non-invasive biomarkers...
Retinoic-acid-induced osteogenesis of hiPSCs.

Retinoic acid induces the rapid osteogenic differentiation of patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells, enabling the in vitro recapitulation of an osteogenesis imperfecta phenotype.
Relationship of dietary regimens to success, efficiency, and cost of weight loss.

One hundred twenty-five subjects in a behaviorally oriented, weight loss program that used several dietary patterns were retrospectively grouped according to the percentage of time they followed one of four dietary regimens: (a) Group 1--partial fasting, 400 kcal; (b) group 2--600 kcal; (c) group 3--1,200 to 1,500 kcal; and (d) group 4--failure to diet. The groups were described and compared regarding program completion, i.e., success and cost of weight loss. Groups 1 and 2 did significantly better than the other two in nearly all respects. Group 1 did better than Group 2 on program completion; the reverse was true when success of those completing 75 and 100 per cent of the program was compared. Groups 1 and 2 did not differ significantly on success variables.
Decentralized rainwater harvesting program for rural cities considering tax incentive schemes under stakeholder interests and purchasing power restrictions

Abstract This paper focuses on implementing a decentralized rainwater harvesting (DRH) program for rural cities under stakeholder interests and purchasing power restrictions. The study is conducted by considering: (1) a no tax incentive scheme (NTIS); (2) a flat rate tax incentive scheme (FTIS); and (3) a progressive tax incentive scheme (PTIS). A three-stage decision framework is proposed. In the first stage, a water balance simulation model is developed to estimate the amount of rainwater that can be collected at individual households using different capacity rain barrels and to determine the threshold rain barrel capacity. In the second stage, the water balance simulation model is run multiple times with varying input parameters to obtain the probability distributions for rainwater used and water demand for different households using different capacity rain barrels, which are then used to generate scenarios for the third stage optimization model. In the third stage, a multi-objective stochastic mixed integer linear programming (Mo-SMILP) model is proposed that aims to determine the household participation rate and cumulative city-wide DRH capacity considering tax incentive schemes, stakeholder interests, and purchasing power restrictions. The proposed Mo-SMILP model is solved by using an improved augmented epsilon constraint method (AUGMECON 2) in order to understand the trade-off between city-wide household reliability, city-wide household savings, and city government savings. A case study of a small rural city in the State of Texas in the US is used to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed decision framework. The results shows a significant decrease in city-wide household reliability when stakeholder interests and purchasing power are considered. In addition, the PTIS is best at improving city-wide household reliability and savings. NTIS and FTIS are best at improving city government savings depending on the household preference for reliability and savings.
Results for the ground state energy of a finite system of dipoles in a one-dimensional crystal lattice

Abstract We investigate the ground state energy of a finite classical system consisting of an arbitrary number of electric dipoles localized at the sites of a regular one-dimensional crystal lattice. The ground state energy per dipole can be exactly calculated in the thermodynamic limit but an exact analytical expression for the energy valid for an arbitrary finite number of dipoles is not possible. In this work we obtain an approximate analytical expression for the ground state energy that applies to any given finite number of dipoles. The approximate analytical expression that we report reproduces the exact numerically calculated values of the ground state energy with an astonishing accuracy.
The myosin regulatory light chain Myl5 localizes to mitotic spindle poles and is required for proper cell division

Myosins are ATP-dependent actin-based molecular motors critical for diverse cellular processes like intracellular trafficking, cell motility and cell invasion. During cell division, myosin MYO10 is important for proper mitotic spindle assembly, the anchoring of the spindle to the cortex, and positioning of the spindle to the cell mid-plane, while myosin MYO2 functions in actomyosin ring contraction to promote cytokinesis. However, myosins are regulated by myosin regulatory light chains (RLCs), and whether RLCs are important for cell division has remained unexplored. Here, we have determined that the previously uncharacterized myosin RLC Myl5 associates with the mitotic spindle and is required for cell division. Myl5 localized to the mitotic spindle poles and spindle microtubules during early mitosis, an area overlapping with MYO10 localization. Depletion of Myl5 led to defects in chromosome congression and to a slower progression through mitosis. We propose that Myl5 is a novel myosin RLC that is important for cell division.
On Sound Symbolism in Baseball Player Names

Recent work has argued that sound symbolism plays a much larger part in language than previously believed, given the assumption of the arbitrariness of the sign. A slate of recent papers on Pokemon...
Nanoimprinting of Refractive Index: Patterning Subwavelength Effective Media for Flat Optics

Subwavelength effective media offer a powerful tool for tailoring optical properties on the surface of a chip but remain challenging to realize at optical frequencies owing to their demand for nano...
Psychiatric provider comfort and perception regarding psychogenic nonepileptic seizures

The treatment of psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) involves psychotherapy: yet there is a gap in the understanding of the perceptions and comfort of therapy providers regarding PNES. In this study, we surveyed providers of therapy, including psychiatrists, psychiatric nurse practitioners, physician assistants, psychologists, and social workers, to collect information regarding their comfort and perceptions in caring for individuals with PNES. This study identified differences between physician and non-physician groups in training about PNES and in exposure to patients with PNES. While 26.7% of non-physician providers describe prior training in PNES, 48.3% endorse feeling comfortable treating PNES, suggesting that comfort is based in areas other than prior training. And while providers (83.8% of physicians and 82.1% of non-physicians) deny concern about patients having an in-appointment episode, 36.1% of physicians and 51.7% of non-physicians are concerned that they would not be able to tell apart a nonepileptic versus epileptic episode. While physicians and non-physician providers were similar in their views regarding chronicity, cyclicality, effect of treatment, and illness coherence of PNES, physicians noted significantly greater perceptions of the negative consequences and patient control ability. While both groups viewed PNES as improving with treatment, 83.8% of physicians and 89.7% of non-physicians agreed or strongly agreed that more training in PNES would increase their comfort.
ActiveIter : Meta Diagram Based Active Learning in Social Networks Alignment

Network alignment aims at inferring a set of anchor links matching the shared entities between different information networks, which has become a prerequisite step for effective fusion of multiple information networks. In this paper, we will study the network alignment problem to fuse online social networks specifically. Social network alignment is extremely challenging to address due to several reasons, i.e., lack of training data , network heterogeneity and one-to-one constraint . Existing network alignment works usually require a large number of training instances, but such a demand can hardly be met in applications, as manual anchor link labeling is extremely expensive. Significantly different from other homogeneous network alignment works, information in online social networks is usually of heterogeneous categories, the incorporation of which in model building is not an easy task. Furthermore, the one-to-one cardinality constraint on anchor links renders their inference process intertwistingly correlated. To resolve these three challenges, a novel network alignment model, namely ActiveIter (Active Iterative Alignment), is introduced in this paper. The model ActiveIter defines a set of inter-network meta diagrams for anchor link feature extraction, adopts active learning for effective label query and uses greedy link selection for anchor link cardinality filtering. Extensive experiments were performed on a real-world aligned networks dataset, and the experimental results have demonstrated the effectiveness of ActiveIter compared with other state-of-the-art baseline methods.
On Spectrum Sharing for Pulse-Doppler Radar and OFDM Communications

Radar receivers must be extremely sensitive to detect faint target signatures. To this end pulse-Doppler processing of pulse compression waveforms integrates faint target echoes across multiple pulses by matching to the Doppler shift of target returns. Therefore, the combination of receiver sensitivity and exploitation of the target return frequency structure implies that radar signal processing will be sensitive to structured interference, such as that from communications systems. To explore this sensitivity, we examine the impact of a popular communications waveform, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), on the output of pulse-Doppler signal processing. Understanding the impact of cross-function interference will improve requirements generation for both dual-function and shared spectrum systems.
Stokes flow in a cylindrical tube containing a line of spheroidal particles

Viscous flow in a circular cylindrical tube containing an infinite line of rigid spheroidal particles equally spaced along the axis of the tube is considered for (a) uniform axial translation of the spheroids (b) flow past a line of stationary spheriods and (c) flow of the suspending fluid and spheroids under an imposed pressure gradient. The fluid is assumed to be incompressible and Newtonian. The Reynolds number is assumed to be small and the equations of creeping flow are used. Two types of solutions are developed: (i) an exact solution in the form of an infinite series which is valid for ratios of the spheroid diameter to the tube diameter up to 0.80, (ii) an approximate solution using lubrication theory which is valid for spheroids which nearly fill the tube. The drag on each spheroid and the pressure drop are computed for all cases. Both prolate and oblate spheroids are considered. The results show that the drag and pressure drop depend on the spheroidal diameter perpendicular to the axis of tube primarily and the effects of the spheroidal thickness and spacing are secondary. The results are of interest in connection with mechanics of capillary blood flow, sedimentation, fluidized beds, and fluid-solid transport.
Public Compensation for Public Enforcement

Public enforcement actions frequently result in the distribution of money to people affected by violation of market protection laws. This “public compensation” returns billions of dollars to consumers, investors, and others each year. The law of public compensation appears confusing at first impression because of inconsistent use of nomenclature and conceptual confusion, but courts have developed a discernible set of principles that allow for presumptions and loosened proof standards in awarding this relief. This doctrine held for decades despite repeated challenges by business defendants. The Supreme Court’s decision in Liu v. SEC in June 2020, followed by its grant of certiorari in July 2020 to review enforcement actions brought by the Federal Trade Commission, have unsettled the law. This paper offers two contributions to the development of the law of public compensation. First, we analyze decades of judicial decisions across federal and state public enforcement agencies and identify consensus legal principles for awarding two different forms of public compensation—disgorgement and public restitution. We extend the less developed doctrine of public restitution by suggesting a proportionality test to provide guidance for more difficult cases. Second, we propose legislation to create uniform statutory authority for public enforcers that would reverse restrictions that have been or may be imposed on public compensation by recent and pending Supreme Court decisions. The doctrine and the proposed legislation are grounded in the unique position and authority of public enforcers, including discretion to select between civil penalties and public compensation as monetary remedies, and the deterrence rationale of public enforcement. An appendix includes the model legislation Congress could adopt to clarify and restore enforcement agencies’ public compensation authority.
Exact File Delivery Time of Bundle Protocol in Delay/disruption-Tolerant Networks

As the data delivery protocol in the Delay/ disruption-Tolerant Networks (DTN), the Bundle Protocol (BP) has gained much interest in its performance analysis. Existing analytic results in terms of the average file delivery time (AFDT) are mainly approximations, which provide reasonably close estimates in some cases but exhibit large discrepancies in other cases. In this paper, we point out a fallacy used in existing work, and, for the first time, provide an exact mathematical solution of the AFDT of the bundle protocol. This result works for both symmetric and asymmetric channel conditions, with either unlimited or limited total number of transmission rounds. Validation via simulation is also provided.
The Fellow's Perspective: The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Fellowship Training and Job Appointment.

BackgroundFellows have been uniquely affected by the widespread changes in educational structure, mandatory limitations in elective procedural volume, and hiring freezes during the COVID-19 global ...
A Novel Three-level Phase-Shift Modulation for Serial Half Bridge LLC Resonant Converter

In this paper, a novel three-level phase-shift modulation is proposed for serial half bridge (SHB) LLC resonant converter. The proposed modulation is capable of balancing current stress for all switches to realize balanced thermal stress and their longer lifetime. The operation principle of the proposed modulation strategy is presented and analyzed in detail. ZVS conditions are discussed in different operation modes to ensure high efficiency operation in the entire load range. In addition, the proposed three-level phase-shift modulation provides additional gain range to conventional two level modulations with variable switching frequency control so that very wide output/input voltage range can be achieved. The performance of the proposed modulation is experimentally verified on a 7.5 kW SHB LLC DC/DC converter prototype.
Influence of Ischemia on Peripheral and Central Fatigue During Handgrip Exercise

We hypothesized that both ischemic exercise and recovery would significantly increase peripheral and central fatigue. Subjects performed constant power handgrip exercise tests to exhaustion (TTE) a...
The Constitutionalisation of Party Autonomy in European Family Law

The ways in which fundamental freedoms and human rights are empowering individuals to choose applicable family law and punitive limits to this power are discussed. The relationship between party autonomy and domestic family law, and how party autonomy acts decisively in favor of the liberalization of domestic laws are highlighted.
Bay Edna G. and Donham Donald L., eds. States of Violence: Politics, Youth, and Memory in Contemporary Africa . Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2006. ix + 268 pp Notes. References. Index. $49.50 Cloth. $24.50. Paper.

Edna G. Bay and Donald L. Don ham, eds. States of Violence: Politics, Youth, and Memory in Contemporary Africa. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2006. ix + 268pp Notes, References. Index. $49,50 Cloth, $24.50. Paper. This edited volume attempts "to dissolve violence into its contexts rather than to create it as an academic subject to be theorized" (18). It offers a series of outstanding essays dealing with violence and memories of violence in Guinea-Bissau, Sierra Leone, Nigeria, Rwanda, Zimbabwe, and South Africa. Martha Carey demonstrates the importance of Sierra Leone's Poro initiation societies, which for generations have structured the passage of boys into adulthood. She suggests that mass destruction and control of individual agency, rather than lineage rank and expensive initiation, became the new requirements for advancement and access to more authority, with amputations carried out by the Revolutionary United Front seen as a form of symbolic communication-a challenge not just to government but also to the Poro leadership. Carey also stresses the extreme heterogeneity of the rebels, many of whom had been forcibly incorporated into the militias and compelled to commit atrocities against kin and community. Also writing on Sierra Leone, William Reno rejects Robert Kaplan's simplistic argument that violence there was due to "loose molecules" in the form of rootless young men. Instead, Reno connects the violent behavior of these youths to the processes of predation, with local variations providing the key to understanding. In some areas the pattern described by Carey prevailed, but in some towns, vigilante bands organized by a major politician and local chiefs repelled the rebels of the RUF: "Under the rubric of religious authorities and initiation societies," even "stranger" youths who might otherwise have supported the RUF were integrated into the local forces (46-53). Joanna Davidson analyzes an episode in Susana village (Guinea-Bissau) where Diola expelled Fula "strangers" who had been living in their midst for decades. Rejecting Mamdani's argument that Europeans structured relations between "strangers" and locals, Davidson demonstrates the power of local categories of strangers dating to the precolonial era (77). Nevertheless, while the Susana incident was local, Davidson explains, both Diola and Fula agree that the story of the expulsion should start thirty years earlier, when fighters of the PAIGC (African Party for the Independence of Guinea-Bissau and Cape Verde) killed several Fula families in the nearby town of Sangatutu; in the aftermath, other Fula of Sangatutu moved to Susana. …
A der(11)t(8;11) in two medulloblastomas: A possible nonramdom cytogenetic abnormality

Cytogenetic analysis of tumor tissue from two patients with medulloblastoma is reported. Both showed the presence of an i(17q) and a der(11)t(8;11)(q11;p11). It is suggested that the t(8;11) may be a translocation associated with medulloblastoma.
A Case of Secondary Angiosarcoma of the Breast after Breast-conserving Surgery and Radiation: Review of Radiologic and Pathologic Findings

Angiosarcoma of the breast is a rare and potentially life-threatening disease. It can present as a palpable mass or subtle erythematous lesion, depending on the predisposing clinical factors. Erythematous skin lesions may be confused for a benign process, which may lead to a delay in diagnosis. We present a case of an 80-year-old woman who developed secondary angiosarcoma after undergoing breast-conserving therapy for Stage IA breast cancer. In this article, we review our experience with a case of secondary angiosarcoma of the breast and discuss the presentation, evaluation, and treatment of this disease. This case demonstrates the importance of vigilance regarding erythematous or papular breast lesions in the setting of prior local radiation.
Effect of Convective Flow across a Film on Facilitated Transport

Abstract An analytical expression is derived for the facilitation factor in facilitated transport across a liquid film. This solution is an extension of previous results in that it accounts for convective flow across the film. In addition, the expression accounts for external mass-transfer resistances as well as diffusion and reaction within the liquid film. A solution procedure to evaluate the important system parameters is described.
Particle transport in Poiseuille flow in narrow channels

Abstract Particle-tracking experiments were performed to validate a model [Staben, M.E., Zinchenko, A.Z., Davis, R.H., 2003. Motion of a particle between two parallel plane walls in low-Reynolds-number Poiseuille flow. Phys. Fluids 15, 1711–1733] for neutrally buoyant spherical particles convected by a Poiseuille flow in a thin microchannel for particles as large as dp/H = 0.95, where dp is the particle diameter and H is the channel width (narrow dimension). The measured and predicted velocities agree within experimental error and show that a particle’s velocity is more retarded when it is larger and/or closer to a channel wall. The particle distribution across the channel for a blunt entrance shows a focusing of small particles away from the walls and towards the center of the channel, whereas the particle distribution for an offset-angled entrance is slightly skewed towards the wall encountered first in the entrance region. As a result, the average particle velocities for the blunt entrance exceed those for the angled entrance. Moreover, due to the depletion of particles from the slow-moving region within one radius of the wall, the average particle velocity exceeds the average fluid velocity unless the particle diameter exceeds about 80% of the channel width.
Identification of noncollagenous basement membrane glycopolypeptides synthesized by mouse parietal entoderm and an entodermal cell line

Abstract Using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, we have identified two noncollagenous basement membrane (BM) glycopolypeptides which are synthesized by the mouse teratocarcinoma-derived parietal yolk sac (PYS) cell line. These glycopolypeptides have molecular weights of about 200,000 and isoelectric points of about 5.6. Polypeptides with identical parameters are synthesized by the parietal entodermal cells of mouse embryos and are found in Reichert's membrane. Pluripotent embryonal carcinoma cells (ECC) synthesize considerable amounts of the two polypeptides, whereas the yield from nullipotent ECC is negligible. The treatment of nullipotent F9 cells with retinoic acid, which induces entodermal differentiation, activates the synthesis of these polypeptides. These results indicate that the two polypeptides can be used as markers of parietal entoderm differentiation.
Advocating in Schools for Children with Disabilities: What's New with IDEA?

All social workers who work with children and families, regardless of their practice setting, should be aware of the important educational rights to which children with disabilities and their families are entitled. The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (P.L. 101-476), one of the most sweeping laws protecting children with disabilities, was substantially amended in 1997, and its regulatory provisions became legally effective in October 1999. This article provides information about the requirements of the law and the impact of those changes on children's educational rights. The changes discussed and their practice implications include expansion of categories of children with disabilities; new requirements for mobile, homeless, or culturally diverse populations and participants in the individualized education program process; payment for private school placements for children with disabilities; discipline of children with disabilities; and provision of social work services in the schools.
Microelectrode Arrays and the Use of PEG-Functionalized Diblock Copolymer Coatings

PEG-modified diblock copolymer surfaces have been examined for their compatibility with microelectrode array based analytical methods. The use of PEG-modified polymer surfaces on the arrays was initially problematic because the redox couples used in the experiments were adsorbed by the polymer. This led the current measured by cyclic voltammetry for the redox couple to be unstable and increase with time. However, two key findings allow the experiments to be successful. First, after multiple cyclic voltammograms the current associated with the redox couple does stabilize so that a good baseline current can be established. Second, the rate at which the current stabilizes is consistent every time a particular coated array is used. Hence, multiple analytical experiments can be conducted on an array coated with a PEG-modified diblock copolymer and the data obtained is comparable as long as the data for each experiment is collected at a consistent time point.
Improved sensitivity for imaging spin trapped hydroxyl radical at 250 MHz.

Radicals, including hydroxyl, superoxide, and nitric oxide, play key signaling roles in vivo. Reaction of these free radicals with a spin trap affords more stable paramagnetic nitroxides, but concentrations in vivo still are so low that detection by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) is challenging. Three innovative enabling technologies have been combined to substantially improve sensitivity for imaging spin-trapped radicals at 250 MHz. (i) Spin trapped adducts of BMPO have lifetimes that are long enough to make imaging by EPR at 250 MHz feasible. (ii) The signal-to-noise of rapid scan EPR is substantially higher than for conventional continuous wave EPR. (iii) An improved algorithm permits image reconstruction with a spectral dimension that encompasses the full 50 G spectrum of the BMPO-OH spin-adduct without requiring the very wide sweeps that would be needed for filtered backprojection. A 2D spectral-spatial image is shown for a phantom containing ca. 5 μM BMPO-OH.
MULTICULTURALISM, OR THE UNITED COLORS OF CAPITALISM?

In this paper I examine the political manipulation of the meanings of “race” and nation in the context of increasing Pacific Rim ties and multinational capitalist development in Vancouver. As many wealthy Hong Kong Chinese move to Vancouver in advance of 1997, racist incidents and urban social movements aimed at preserving neighborhood “character” have increased, thus discouraging international business activity and blocking capital flow into and through the city. As racism and localism hinder the social networks necessary for the integration of global capitalisms, businesspeople and politicians interested in increasing Vancouver's integration have sought to counter these processes through ideological production. The liberal doctrine of multiculturalism has become linked with the attempt to smooth racial friction and reduce resistance to the recent changes in the urban environment and experiences of everyday life in Vancouver. In this sense, the attempt to shape multiculturalism can be seen as an attempt to gain hegemonic control over concepts of race and nation in order to further expedite Vancouver's integration into the international networks of global capitalism.
Modified Beckmann-Kirchhoff scattering model for rough surfaces with large incident and scattering angles

Surface scattering effects are merely diffraction phenomena resulting from random phase variations induced on the reflected wave- front by microtopographic surface features. The Rayleigh-Rice and Beckmann-Kirchhoff theories are commonly used to predict surface scat- tering behavior. However, the Rayleigh-Rice vector perturbation theory is limited to smooth surfaces, and the classical Beckmann-Kirchhoff theory contains a paraxial assumption that confines its applicability to small incident and scattering angles. The recent development of a linear sys- tems formulation of nonparaxial scalar diffraction phenomena, indicating that diffracted radiance is a fundamental quantity predicted by scalar diffraction theory, has led to a reexamination of the classical Beckmann- Kirchhoff scattering theory. We demonstrate an empirically modified Beckmann-Kirchhoff scattering model that accurately predicts nonintui- tive experimental scattering data for rough surfaces at large incident and large scattering angles, yet also agrees with Rayleigh-Rice predictions within their domain of applicability for smooth surfaces. © 2007 Society of
Induction of Antitumor Immunity by Dendritic Cells Loaded with Membrane-Translocating Mucin 1 Peptide Antigen

To investigate the role of enhanced antigen presentation in dendritic cell (DC)-based immunotherapy. Here, we describe the development of a cell-penetrating mucin 1 (MUC1) antigen and its immunotherapeutic potential against tumors. After animal groups received two immunizations of MUC1-MPA(11)P-pulsed DCs, we observed a marked tumor regression compared with the mice treated with DCs alone or DCs pulsed with MUC1 peptide. We confirmed the migration and homing of DCs in the popliteal lymph node using magnetic resonance imaging during the study. In summary, enhanced antigen uptake using an MPA(11)P delivery molecule improves cell therapy.
Modulation of Cell Cycle Progression in Human Tumors: A Pharmacokinetic and Tumor Molecular Pharmacodynamic Study of Cisplatin Plus the Chk1 Inhibitor UCN-01 (NSC 638850)

Background: UCN-01, a Chk1 inhibitor, abrogates S and G 2 arrest and enhances cancer cell killing by DNA-damaging drugs in preclinical models. UCN-01 avidly binds α1-acid glycoprotein in plasma; whether sufficient drug concentrations are achieved in human tumors is unknown. A phase I trial tested the hypothesis that UCN-01 abrogates cisplatin-induced cell cycle arrest (in tumors) at tolerable doses. Methods: Patients with advanced cancer received i.v. cisplatin, followed 22 hours later by UCN-01 (3-day continuous i.v. infusion of a 28-day cycle). Platinum was measured by atomic absorption, UCN-01 by high-performance liquid chromatography, and cell cycle progression in tumor biopsies by geminin immunostaining (biomarker for S/G 2 phases of cell cycle). Results: The first two patients treated with cisplatin (20 mg/m 2 plus UCN-01 45 mg/m 2 /d) experienced dose-limiting toxicities (subarachnoid hemorrhage, hyperglycemia, hypoxia, cardiac ischemia, and atrial fibrillation). Following 25% UCN-01 dose reduction, no toxicities greater than grade 2 were seen. Median plasma UCN-01 half-life ( T 1/2 ) was 405 hours. Salivary UCN-01 concentrations showed a rapid initial decline (median T 1/2α , 29.9 hours), followed by a terminal decay parallel to that in plasma. UCN-01 pharmacokinetics, and the timing of clinical toxicities, suggests that UCN-01 is bioavailable despite α1-acid glycoprotein binding. Marked suppression of cells in S/G 2 in tumor biopsies was seen by geminin immunohistochemistry, suggesting that UCN-01 is bioavailable at concentrations sufficient to inhibit Chk1. Conclusions: Cisplatin (30 mg/m 2 ), followed 22 hours later by UCN-01 (34 mg/m 2 /d for 3 days), is well tolerated clinically and yields UCN-01 concentrations sufficient to affect cell cycle progression in tumors.
Light effects on phenylalanine ammonia-lyase substrate levels and turnover rates in maize seedlings

Abstract If extracted phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity reflects in vivo activity, there should be a correlation between light-induced changes in extracted PAL activity and light-induced changes in PAL substrate turnover rates. Light-induced increases in levels of extracted PAL activity from dark- grown maize seedlings exposed to continuous white light are accompanied by corresponding decreases in free pools of phenylalanine and tyrosine, the two substrates of PAL in maize. Evidence is presented which indicates that these changes are not the result of changes in protein synthesis. The light-induced change in turnover rate of phenylalanine, is shown to be strongly correlated with light-induced PAL activity in roots of maize seedlings, indicating extracted PAL activity reflects in vivo activity.
Phonetic adaptation in non-native spoken dialogue: Effects of priming and audience design

Abstract To be understood, non-native speakers must adapt their speech in order to produce contrasts in their second language (L2) that are not present in their first language (L1). Here we examine mechanisms hypothesized to facilitate such adaptation within spoken dialogue: priming, affiliation, and audience design. In two experiments, Korean non-native speakers of English interacted in a referential communication task with a Korean English-speaking confederate (Experiment 1) and a monolingual American English-speaking confederate (Experiments 1 and 2). The task required them to spontaneously produce labels containing segments from English that do not exist in Korean (/ae/ and coda /b/), which, when spoken with a Korean accent, can result in ambiguous homophones (e.g., pat pronounced like pet, or mob pronounced like mop). The Koreans produced more English-like phonetic segments not only immediately after hearing similar segments primed by the American partner, but also when the task required the partner to distinguish two potentially ambiguous items. The first time the Koreans referred to potentially ambiguous objects, utterances took longer to initiate; once they were aware of the potential for ambiguity, initiating contrasting labels took no more time than initiating labels primed by the partner. Findings suggest that priming effects in dialogue are not obligatory but may be motivated, and that phonetic adaptation is shaped by awareness of a partner’s pragmatic needs.
Impact of average weekly dose of radiation during radiotherapy alone or chemoradiotherapy in head and neck cancer.

Background Altered fractionated radiotherapy (RT) has been shown to improve locoregional control (LRC) and overall survival (OS) in squamous cell cancer of the head and neck (SCCHN). We investigated patient outcomes using a new parameter: the average weekly dose (AWD). Methods The medical records of 601 patients who received definitive RT for SCCHN were reviewed. AWD was calculated by dividing the total dose in Gray (Gy) by overall treatment time in weeks, and assessed for predictive value. Results Various standard RT fractionation schedules were used. An AWD >10.0 Gy was associated with improved LRC at 2 years for patients treated with RT alone (80.9% vs 60.9%; p = .006), but not for those treated with concurrent chemoradiation (75.3% vs 77.3%; p = .77). Nonsignificant increases in late dysphagia were seen with AWD >10.0 Gy. Conclusion An AWD of >10 Gy was found to be beneficial for RT alone regimens but not chemoradiotherapy regimens. Head Neck, 2011
Further evidence for two types of corticopulvinar neurons

RETROGRADE tracing experiments suggest that cortico-pulvinar connections originate from at least two subpopulations: medium and giant pyramids in layer 5, each with distinctive dendritic and local axonal arborizations. The present study used extracellular injections of PHA-L to delineate extrinsic a
Learning Clair de Lune: Retrieval Practice and Expert Memorization

HOW DOES AN EXPERIENCED performer memorize when learning a new piece quickly, in just a few hours of practice? To find out, a concert pianist recorded her practice as she learned Clair de Lune by Claude Debussy. She also provided detailed reports on the formal structure of the piece, the performance cues that she selected to attend to while playing, and other decisions about technique and interpretation. These reports were used to determine what she paid attention to during practice and where she had difficulty with memory retrieval. Retrieval practice was one of the main activities throughout the 4 3/4 hours needed to prepare the piece for performance. The pianist tried to play from memory almost from the start, used the musical structure to organize practice, and worked on performance cues to speed up retrieval from long-term memory. Performers practice memory retrieval, even when practice time is limited.