cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Student preferences between open-ended and structured game assignments in CS1

Introductory computer programming courses (CS1) traditionally are plagued with high failure and drop-out rates. In an attempt to change these negative outcomes, games have often been introduced into computing curricula as learning activities and programming projects. This paper builds on prior work to determine (a) the type of game assignment that students prefer (i.e., structured game assignments [those for which the entire assignment is completely described] or open-ended game assignments [those for which only basic requirements are specified allowing students to make up their own game]); and, (b) students' reasons for their preference. Forty-six students in two sections of an introductory programming course completed over 200 assignments during the fall 2009 semester. For each assignment, students were given a choice between structured and open-ended game assignments. Somewhat surprisingly, over 90% of submitted assignments were the structured game option even though the open-ended option could have required less code in most cases.
Nasca culture integration and complexity: A perspective from the site of La Tiza

Abstract The Nasca culture (AD 1-650) located on the south coast of Peru has been interpreted in many ways since it was first investigated by Max Uhle in 1901. Scholars have described it as a middlerange society, heterarchy, simple chiefdom, confederacy, paramount chiefdom, theocracy, state, and empire. This paper explores past interpretations of Nasca and presents data from the site of La Tiza in the southern Nasca drainage. The evidence from La Tiza indicates that population was larger and settlements were more variable than has previously been proposed for southern Nasca. In addition, there are indications of a greater degree of social differentiation and ritual activities not previously identified at other sites in the area. This has implications for the overall integration and complexity of the Nasca culture.
Stab resistance of shear thickening fluid (STF)-treated fabrics

The stab resistance of shear thickening fluid (STF)-treated Kevlar® and Nylon fabrics is investigated and found to exhibit significant improvements over neat fabric targets of equivalent areal density. Specifically, dramatic improvements in puncture resistance (spike threat) are observed under high and low speed loading conditions, while slight increases in cut protection (knife threat) are also observed. Studies on the effect of fabric architecture indicate that STF addition provides benefits analogous to the effect of increasing fabric yarn count, with STF addition primarily reducing the mobility of filaments and yarns in the impact zone. Microscopy shows significant energy dissipation in the damage zone that includes plastic flow of the polymeric filaments, as well as deformation of the filaments due to mechanical interaction with the colloidal particles of the STF. These results indicate that these novel materials could be used to fabricate flexible body armors that provide improved protection against stab threats.
A Study of the Mechanisms Involved in the Pulmonary Arterial Pressor Response to Hypoxia

The mechanisms underlying the pulmonary arterial pressor response to hypoxia have been investigated by studying specimens of pulmonary and systemic vascular smooth muscle and the isolated pulmonary and systemic circulations. Hypoxia caused a unique and reversible loss of potassium and gain in sodium by pulmonary arterial smooth muscle that did not occur in pulmonary veins or systemic arteries. These changes in electrolyte concentrations were calculated by the Nernst equation to be associated with depolarization of the smooth muscle cell of the pulmonary artery. Moreover, artificial hyperpolarization and depolarization in the isolated perfused pulmonary circulation were attended by blunting and accentuation, respectively, of the pulmonary arterial pressor response to hypoxia. Such data suggest that one of the actions of hypoxia on the pulmonary circulation involves a depolarization of the muscle cell so that it is closer to its excitatory threshold and thereby more readily able to diminish the cross-sectio...
Remotely Sensing the Earth’s Atmosphere Using the Global Positioning System (GPS)—The GPS/MET Data Analysis

Abstract The Global Positioning System/Meteorology (GPS/MET) project is an active satellite-to-satellite remote sensing experiment using the radio occultation technique. Due to the atmospheric index of refraction and gradient of the index of refraction, GPS signals propagate through the earth’s atmosphere along a slightly curved path and with slightly retarded speeds. When these signals arrive at a receiver aboard a low earth orbit satellite, the receiver records an excess phase delay compared with the phase delay of a straight line propagation in a vacuum. Using the Abel integral equations, the phase delay rates with time can be converted into the atmospheric index of refraction profile; then, using the hydrostatic equation, the pressure and temperature profiles may be derived. This paper describes the principles of the GPS/MET occultation experiment and the detailed data analysis procedure. Data smoothing technique and error analysis are also discussed. Some GPS/MET intermediate and final retrieval resu...
Federalist No. 71: Does Duration in Office Provide Vigilant Autonomy in the Regulatory Process?

Federalist No. 71 contains a strong defense of duration in office as a source of “cool and sedate reflection” by the executive. According to Alexander Hamilton’s argument, duration in office is essential for the vigilant autonomy needed to faithfully execute the laws. The author examines this argument within the context of government regulation, using the recent financial crisis and consumer safety as examples of the limits of stability and autonomy for creating vigilant autonomy. When occasions present themselves, in which the interests of the people are at variance with their inclinations, it is the duty of the persons whom they have appointed to be the guardians of those interests, to withstand the temporary delusion, in order to give them time and opportunity for more cool and sedate reflection. —Federalist No. 71
Analysis of alcohols, as dimethylglycine esters, by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry.

Dimethylglycine (DMG) esters are new derivatives for the rapid, sensitive and selective analysis of primary and secondary alcohols, in complex mixtures, by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS). Their development was inspired by the use of the complementary dimethylaminoethyl esters for the trace, rapid analysis of fatty acids. DMG esters are simply prepared by heating a dichloromethane solution of the imidazolide of dimethylglycine, containing triethylamine, and an alcohol. DMG esters of long-chain fatty alcohols, isoprenoidal alcohols and hydroxy-acids are analysed by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry with a precursor ion of m/z 104 scan. Diols, glyceryl esters, glyceryl ethers and some sterols are analysed by a neutral loss of 103 Da scan. Trimethylglycine (TMG) ester iodides, prepared by alkylation of DMG esters with methyl iodide, are more sensitive derivatives for molecules containing secondary alcohol groups, such as cholesterol and gibberellic acid. They are analysed by a precursor ion of m/z 118 scan. DMG or TMG derivatives were shown to be at least comparable and sometimes an order of magnitude more sensitive than N-methylpyridyl ether derivatives for ESI-MS/MS analysis of the different classes of alcohols. Applications of these derivatives for the diagnosis of inherited disorders and the analysis of natural products are presented.
An integrated role-based approach for modeling, designing and implementing multi-agent systems

To facilitate the development of multi-agent systems and improve the reusability, robustness and feasibility of these systems, we have developed a role-based agent development framework (RADE). In this paper, we present an integrated approach for modeling, designing and implementing multi-agent systems using RADE. We describe the design of agents and motivations within such framework. We introduce a practical approach for modeling agent’s motivation and specifying agent’s goals, where a role-agent mapping mechanism is developed based on this design. Dynamic task allocation is achieved through the creation of role instances and the mapping from role instances to agents. We also introduce the RTAEMS language based on the extension of TAEMS to model the plan tree for each goal. This representation enables the reuse of general planning/scheduling and collaboration/cooperation mechanisms developed in multi-agent system research community. We have developed an automatic agent generation interface and also implemented a simple demo system in health care domain.
Is pouchitis a systemic manifestation of inflammatory bowel disease

Pouchitis After Ileal Pouch-Anal Anastomosis for Ulcerative Colitis Occurs with Increased Frequency in Patients with Associated Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis. Penna C, Dozois R, Tremaine W, Sandborn W, LaRusso N, Schleck C, Ilstrup D. Gut 1996;38:234-9.
Loss of E-cadherin and p27 expression is associated with head and neck squamous tumorigenesis

BACKGROUND In neoplastic head and neck lesions, it has been found that the loss or reduction in E-cadherin expression is a late event and is associated with invasion. Low p27 levels have been associated with a poor prognosis in many different tumors, including laryngeal carcinoma. The authors investigated p27 and E-cadherin protein expression in the early stages of head and neck tumorigenesis and evaluated their predictive roles individually and in association with carcinogenesis. METHODS Tissue biopsies from 46 patients who were participants in 3 chemoprevention trials were analyzed for E-cadherin expression, and 40 samples were analyzed for p27 expression using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The data suggested that loss of both E-cadherin expression and p27 expression occurred early during the preneoplastic steps of head and neck carcinogenesis, and loss of p27 protein expression alone (P = 0.02) and in combination with loss of E-cadherin expression (P = 0.04) was a significant predictor of the risk for head and neck carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS The loss of p27 expression may be useful in the construction of a risk model for head and neck carcinogenesis and may represent a potential target for chemopreventive interventions. Longer follow-up of the high percentage of low-risk preneoplastic lesions in the current study and validation in a larger sample size may be required to establish the predictive role of these abnormalities. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Insuring Yourself and Your Family

This section of this book introduces the first step in the PADD approach to accumulating and managing wealth: protecting yourself against the risk of catastrophic financial loss. In this chapter, we discuss the most important form of risk management: insuring your life (and protecting your loved ones from the resulting loss of income at death) by purchasing life insurance.
Executive Coaching: A Review and Agenda for Future Research:

The use of executive coaching as a developmental intervention for managers has increased dramatically during the past decade. Consequently, there has been a burgeoning practitioner literature on the topic of executive coaching. Empirical research on executive coaching, however, has lagged far behind, and theoretical work on the processes underlying effective coaching has been limited. In this review, we investigate the construct of executive coaching and examine how coaches’ professional training, client characteristics, and types of coaching impact the effectiveness of this intervention. The article concludes with an agenda for future research on this emerging form of management development.
EVOLUTION OF FLAVORS AND SCENTS

The world is filled with flavors and scents, which are the result of volatile compounds produced and emitted by plants. These specialized metabolitesA metabolite, usually a small molecule, which is not a building block of proteins, lipids, or sugars, but that plays another role in the organism. Usually, but not always, its occurrence is restricted. are the products of specific metabolic pathways. The terpenoid, fatty acid, and phenylpropanoid pathways contribute greatly to production of volatile compounds. Mechanisms that lead to evolution of volatile production in plants include gene duplication and divergence, convergent evolution, repeated evolutionThis occurs when a new and identical (or very similar) genetic function arises independently in the same gene family from two or more orthologous or paralogous genes that did not share the same function., and alteration of gene expression, caused by a number of factors, followed by change in enzyme specificity. Many examples of these processes are now availa...
Effects of competition and dispersal on the recruitment of the annual kelp Nereocystis luetkeana

In central California, the role of algal assemblages on the recruitment of the canopy producing annual kelp Nereocystis luetkeana was examined by experimentally manipulating canopy and understory algae within 1) a Macrocysits bed and 2) a Nereocystis bed. Nereocystis reproductive material was introduced in some plots to examine the role of dispersal distance on recruitment. Nereocystis recruitment at both sites was significantly higher during spring compared to recruitment observed later in the study. Recruitment continued throughout the fall, however, suggesting a broad recruitment window. Recruitment success increased dramatically when understory algae were removed. Presence of a canopy (Nereocystis or Macrocystis) did not affect Nereocystis recruitment, suggesting that Nereocystis was not directly competitively inferior to Macrocystis. Greater recruitment was observed in areas seeded with Nereocystis propagules. Ultimately, recruitment of Nereocystis was controlled by understory algal assemblages and by the relatively short dispersal distance of its propagules. Additionally, the broad recruitment window for Nereocystis described here suggests that summer recruits can contribute to population resilience to late spring disturbances. This study indicates that given sufficient disturbance to the benthos and ample propagule supply, Nereocystis should be able to recruit and colonize new areas, regardless of the presence of Macrocystis.
Serial changes in inflammatory biomarkers after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery

Abstract Background A number of proteins secreted from adipose tissue, known as adipokines, are involved in the inflammatory process. The expression and secretion of adipokines are altered with obesity, leading to a pro-inflammatory state, with an enhanced vascular immune response. Although weight loss reduces inflammation, the time course for these changes during massive weight loss after bariatric surgery is not well described. We examined the changes in the biomarkers of inflammation after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) in morbidly obese individuals in a university hospital. Methods The fasting levels of plasma inflammatory adipokines, including leptin, adiponectin, C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and soluble receptor 1 for TNF-α were measured before surgery (baseline) and 3 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months after surgery in 15 morbidly obese patients who underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass without a major complication. Results The mean weight loss at 6 months was 25.7% ± 4.5% of the total body weight. The body mass index decreased from a mean of 55.1 ± 6.6 kg/m 2 to 40.5 ± 5.5 kg/m 2 . The concentrations of leptin, CRP, and soluble receptor 1 for TNF-α decreased, and the adiponectin levels had increased from the baseline measures by 6 months postoperatively. The baseline and 6-month TNF-α and CRP levels correlated with each other. No other significant associations among the biomarkers were seen. Conclusion RYGB reduced the pro-inflammatory biomarkers and increased the anti-inflammatory mediators of obesity, independent of the magnitude of weight loss. The lack of correlations between the changes in biomarkers and weight loss suggests that the driving force behind the changes in the inflammatory markers is multifactorial and needs further investigation to clarify the health changes that occur after RYGB.
The hidden world of Asian tiger mosquitoes: immature Aedes albopictus (Skuse) dominate in rainwater corrugated extension spouts

Background: The primary sources of Aedes albopictus (Skuse) in its exotic range in North America are artificial containers in backyards, which vary widely in accessibility. In this study we examined their prevalence in two container types that are difficult to inspect: catch basins and corrugated extension spouts (CES), the latter used to divert rainwater in downspouts away from house foundations. Methods: We conducted larval and pupal surveys in catch basins, CES and open containers such as buckets and plant saucers in three urban locations in Mercer County, New Jersey, USA. Results: We found that Ae. albopictus were rare in catch basins but prevalent in CES, and were often the only species collected in CES. Specific characteristics of the CES were not significantly associated with the presence or number of Ae. albopictus in them, but those longer and closer to the ground were significantly more likely to contain water, and therefore mosquitoes. During peak season (July-August), the abundance of immature Ae. albopictus was significantly higher in CES than open containers. Conclusions:We found that CESareanimportantsource ofAe. albopictusinour region and propose that effective control strategies should be implemented to minimize mosquito populations from these cryptic habitats.
Inefficient lymph node sensitization during respiratory viral infection promotes IL-17-mediated lung pathology.

Development of bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue has been suggested to enhance local antiviral immune responses; however, ectopic lymph node formation often corresponds to chronic inflammatory diseases. These studies investigated the role of ectopic pulmonary lymph nodes upon respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection using CCR7-deficient mice, which develop bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue early in life. CCR7−/− mice exhibited impaired secondary lymph node formation, enhanced effector T cell responses and pathogenic mucus production in the lung after RSV infection. IL-17 production from CD4 T cells in CCR7−/− mice was most remarkably enhanced. Wild-type animals reconstituted with CCR7−/− bone marrow recapitulated the pathogenic lung phenotype in CCR7−/− mice, whereas CCR7−/− animals reconstituted with wild-type bone marrow had normal lymph node development, diminished IL-17 production and reduced lung pathology. Mixed bone marrow chimeras revealed an alteration of immune responses only in CCR7−/− T cells, suggesting that impaired trafficking promotes local effector cell generation. Lymphotoxin-α–deficient mice infected with RSV were used to further examine locally induced immune responses and demonstrated increased mucus production and amplified cytokine responses in the lung, especially IL-17. Neutralization of IL-17 in CCR7−/− or in lymphotoxin-α–deficient animals specifically inhibited mucus hypersecretion and reduced IL-13. Thus, immune cell trafficking to secondary lymph nodes is necessary for appropriate cytokine responses to RSV as well as modulation of the local environment.
Direct-write drawing of carbon nanotube/polymer composite microfibers

Carbon-nanotube- (CNT-) doped polymer solutions were drawn into arrays of microfibers using a novel direct-write process. This process utilizes a micromanipulator-controlled syringe loaded with solvated polymer mixed with CNTs to "write" networks of composite fibers with precisely positioned endpoints. The diameters of these composite fibers are correlated to the degree of capillary thinning that occurs prior to the solidification of the directly written CNT-doped solution filament. The fibers had diameters ranging from 7 µmto over 100 µm and possessed conductivities as high as 0.1 Sm-1. Fiber diameter was found to increase with increasing polymer concentration and decreasing fiber length and can be controlled throughmodulation of these parameters. The presence of CNTs was found not to significantly affect fiber diameter, despite the CNTs significant effect on viscosity, which was previously reported to influence diameter. This discrepancy is likely related to the non-Newtonian effects of CNT/polymer solutions, including an apparent shear thinning at increasing axial strain rates.
Identification of novel proteins involved in plant cell-wall synthesis based on protein-protein interaction data.

The plant cell wall is mainly composed of polysaccharides, representing the richest source of biomass for future biofuel production. Currently, the majority of the cell-wall synthesis-related (CWSR) proteins are unknown even for model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. We report a computational framework for predicting CWSR proteins based on protein-protein interaction (PPI) data and known CWSR proteins. We predict a protein to be a CWSR protein if it interacts with known CWSR proteins (seeds) with high statistical significance. Using this technique, we predicted 100 candidate CWSR proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana, 8 of which were experimentally confirmed by previous reports. Forty-two candidates have either independent supporting evidence or strong functional relevance to cell-wall synthesis and, hence, are considered as the most reliable predictions. For 33 of the predicted CWSR proteins, we have predicted their detailed functional roles in CWS, based on analyses of their domain architectures, phylogeny, and current functional annotation in conjunction with a literature search. We present the constructed PPIs covering all the known and predicted CWSR proteins at http://csbl.bmb.uga.edu/ ∼zhouchan/CellWallProtein/. The 42 most reliable candidates provide useful targets to experimentalists for further investigation, and the PPI data constructed in this work provides new information for cellwall research.
IC-package co-design and analysis for 3D-IC designs

The implementation of a 3D IC is typically accomplished by multiple design teams, in multiple geographies, using a variety of design tools. Types of designs include a simple package, with an analog die and a digital die placed side-by-side and more complex designs include die stacks of multiple analog or digital dies in face-to-face configurations connecting with micro bumps. Through-silicon-vias (TSV's) provide an extra level of complexity allowing an individual die to connect to the component below and above it in the stack. Interposers (silicon or organic) provide greater functional density, performance, and reduced cost. Also used in 3D-IC design are package-in-package, and package-on-package design styles. This paper discusses five key ingredients necessary for the successful design of a 3D-IC regardless which method above is used. These five items are • Logical system-level integration to connect the system of ICs and packages, including support of layout-vs-schematic (LVS) checks • Physical co-design across IC and package boundaries through the sharing of component abstracts and cross-fabric functionality • Timing, power, and thermal-based design of the 3D-IC system in context of the package • Package-aware system simulation of 3D-IC circuitry • Management of physical and logical engineering change orders (ECO's)
Recruiting and Motivating Study Participants

This chapter provides tips on how to recruit and retain users for a study. When designing a user study, a lot of thought goes into choosing the variables, both dependent and independent, on top of the system design and development. An essential component that is sometimes overlooked until the last minute is the recruitment of participants for the study. Depending on where in the system’s development life cycle the study takes place, the type of users, the number of users and the sampling strategies will change.
What Are Assumptions

Although the pertinence of implicit assumptions is underlined in theory-based evaluations, the nature of these assumptions has been rarely discussed. To understand the nature of underlying assumptions, it is necessary to review the notion of assumptions in general and its remarkable role in the generation of knowledge. This chapter discusses the nature of assumptions and groups in 10 categories of assumptions according to Brookfield’s (Becoming a critically reflective teacher. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass, 1995) typology: Paradigmatic, Prescriptive and Causal assumptions and according to the degree of articulation.
Variance-Reduction Techniques

In this chapter, we discuss various techniques which may be used to make calculations more efficient. In some cases, these techniques require that no further approximations be made to the transport physics. In other cases, the gains in computing speed come at the cost of computing results which may be less accurate since approximations are introduced. The techniques may be divided into 3 categories: those that concern electron transport only, those that concern photon transport only, and other more general methods. The set of techniques we discuss does not represent an exhaustive list. There is much reference material available, and we only cite a few of them 1–5 . An especially rich source of references is McGrath and Crawford’s report 3 which contains an annotated bibliography. Instead, we shall concentrate on techniques that have been of considerable use to the authors and their close colleagues. However, it is appropriate to discuss briefly what we are trying to accomplish by employing variance-reduction techniques.
A multimodal assessment of balance in elderly and young adults

Falling is a significant health issue among elderly adults. Given the multifactorial nature of falls, effective balance and fall risk assessment must take into account factors from multiple sources. Here we investigate the relationship between fall risk and a diverse set of biochemical and biomechanical variables including: skeletal muscle-specific troponin T (sTnT), maximal strength measures derived from isometric grip and leg extension tasks, and postural sway captured from a force platform during a quiet stance task. These measures were performed in eight young and eleven elderly adults, along with estimates of fall risk derived from the Tinetti Balance Assessment. We observed age-related effects in all measurements, including a trend toward increased sTnT levels, increased postural sway, reduced upper and lower extremity strength, and reduced balance scores. We observed a negative correlation between balance scores and sTnT levels, suggesting its use as a biomarker for fall risk. We observed a significant positive correlation between balance scores and strength measures, adding support to the notion that muscle strength plays a significant role in postural control. We observed a significant negative correlation between balance scores and postural sway, suggesting that fall risk is associated with more loosely controlled center of mass regulation.
Behavioral characteristics and instructional patterns of expert teaching, and the transfer of those behaviors into a musical setting: Two case studies

The purpose of the present investigation was to analyze the teaching characteristics and instructional patterns of an expert teacher, and then to examine whether those observed teaching aspects could transfer into a musical setting. A teacher of swimming was videotaped giving the first four swim lessons to a 2-year-old child. Recordings were analyzed, and a list of instructional techniques and behaviors were made. Though a rather lengthy list, three key aspects to her instructional effectiveness seemed to relate to: the use of short, but intense lessons separated by 23 hour and 45 minute time intervals; an explicit awareness of exactly what goals were set for the series of lessons; and absolute consistency in behavioral management. In a second investigation, a music teacher viewed all the swim lesson videos, discussed their content, and incorporated those techniques and behaviors into his instruction of the first four trumpet lessons to a 10-year-old child. Several aspects of success were noteworthy. Certainly all three of the “key” behaviors transferred easily and effectively to the trumpet instruction. Conclusions
Autographic Stress-Strain Curves of Rubber at Low Elongations

Abstract (1) Ring or loop test pieces permit autographic records to be drawn at constant speed. (2) A longer, larger test piece permits more accurate results to be obtained. (3) The effect of temperature of the test room is most important; speed of testing machine and direction of mill or calendar grain in sample less so; effect of relative humidity is nil. (4) The 10-inch (2.5-cm.) loop test piece described gives fairly accurate stress-strain data at low elongations, which probably is within the field approaching the action of rubber goods in service.
Right Thoracotomy Minimally Invasive AVR: Use of Preoperative CT Scan to Plan Incision

Aortic valve surgery through a right anterior mini-thoracotomy (MT) has demonstrated excellent short-term and long-term-term results, becoming a feasible alternative to the sternotomy approach. Widespread use is limited by unpredictable exposure of the aortic valve. Current use of CT measurements of the aorta to the sternum is not reliably predictive of exposure and frequently excludes patients from a minimally invasive approach.
The Representation of Citizens by Political Authorities: Consequences for Regime Support*

Representation is a matter of linkage. In this paper it is argued that a useful handle can be gained on the problem of identifying and measuring representational relationships empirically by viewing representation as a type of support linkage between members of political systems and the authorities. To conceive representation as a type of support linkage is to direct attention primarily to the represented rather than the representative. Representational relationships have functional significance for political systems particularly because they are linkages which involve members' satisfaction-dissatisfaction with the behavior of the political authorities—linkages which reflect the degree to which members feel that the performance of the authorities “stands for” or “re-presents” their own interests; and this performance satisfaction-dissatisfaction presumably makes a contribution to more general support for the political system. In contrast to legitimacy sentiments, which are independent of immediate outputs from political authorities, members' perceptions of representational linkages between themselves and the authorities depend on their affective responses to outputs, encompassing not only instrumental performance satisfactions, but (and most commonly among the membership in general) symbolic performance satisfactions as well. This paper reports an exploratory investigation of a construct for measuring sense of representation. The sample consists of a group of students enrolled at the University of Iowa—including, in order to ensure adequate variation on the support scales, a number of students arrested for participating in a protest demonstration against the presence of Marine recruiters on the University of Iowa campus.
The Extended Pectoralis Major Flap in Head and Neck Reconstruction

Historically, major extirpative surgery for control of head and neck cancer developed well in advance of reconstructive procedures that could provide acceptable functional and cosmetic rehabilitation. Introduction of cutaneous axial and random flaps--followed more recently by the description of musculocutaneous flaps--represented major advances in reconstructive techniques.
Value of newborn touching in the nursing of neonatal jaundice

Objective To investigate the value of newborn touching in the nursing of neonatal jaundice. Methods 74 cases of neonatal jaundice in Xi'an Children's Hospital from Januanry 2012 to August 2013 were randomly divided into two groups: 36 cases in the control group were given routine nursing, whereas 38 cases in the observation group received newborn touching in addition to the routine nursing. Then the clinical effect of the two groups were compared. Results The effective rate of the observation group(97.4%) was significantly higher than that of the control group(86.1%), and the difference was statistically significant between the two groups(P 0.05); the serum bilirubin of the observation group of(51.74±16.55) μmol/L was significantly lower than that of the control group of(80.96±23.17) μmol/L, and the difference was statistically significant between the two groups(P 0.05); the jaundice regression of the observation group of(3.97±0.13) d was significantly faster than that of the control group of(5.86±0.17) d, and the difference was statistically significant between the two groups(P 0.05). Conclusion Newborn touching in the nursing of neonatal jaundice has better clinical value, and it is worthy to be popularized.
Obtain R on Dualenergy in Xray Security Inspection Equipment

R is a reference referring to effective atomic number directly.According to the low and high gray level of the material energy shoots that have been known,we can calculate the R.Put forward a method based on R methods to get the features of material,then find out the illicit materials.
Editors' Introduction. Special Issue: Health, Healing & Consciousness

This special edition by guest editors, Cheryl L. Fracasso, Kaleb R. Smith, and Stanley Krippner, presents 22 articles that cover a vast array of interdisciplinary and multicultural views on health, healing, and consciousness. The reader is sure to be intrigued, as cutting edge models of consciousness are presented, along with original research that examines the effectiveness of various mind/body healing methods ranging from yoga, meditation, Aikido, and medicinal drumming, to the use of psychedelics for healing, and many other thought provoking topics.
Delta-i = 1 mass differences and eta ---> 3pi decay

The octet baryon $\ensuremath{\Delta}I=1$ mass shifts, kaon electromagnetic mass shift, and $\ensuremath{\eta}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}3\ensuremath{\pi}$ decay amplitude are all correlated in the framework of the linear $\mathrm{SU} (3)$ $\ensuremath{\sigma}$ model. It is shown how this model provides a natural realization of the "tadpole" idea of Coleman and Glashow. An attempt is made to resolve the long-standing mystery associated with the $\ensuremath{\eta}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}3\ensuremath{\pi}$ process, and the rare mode ${\ensuremath{\eta}}^{\ensuremath{'}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}3\ensuremath{\pi}$ is also calculated. Finally, it is shown that the chiral-symmetry-breaking and isospin-nonconserving coefficients in the Lagrangian have the same order of magnitude.
Impact of Smoking on 30-day Morbidity and Mortality in Adult Spinal Deformity Surgery.

STUDY DESIGN A retrospective cohort study of a prospectively collected surgical database. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of smoking on 30-day morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing surgery for adult spinal deformity (ASD). SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA There is conflicting evidence regarding the impact of smoking on short-term outcomes after spinal fusion. METHODS A retrospective review of the prospectively collected American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement database was performed for the years 2007 to 2013. Patients who underwent spinal fusion for ASD were identified. Thirty-day morbidity and mortality were compared between current smokers and nonsmokers. The independent effect of smoking was investigated via multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS A total of 1368 patients met inclusion criteria and were included in this study. Of the 1368 patients, 15.9% were smokers and 84.1% nonsmokers. The proportion of smokers who developed at least one complication was 9.7% versus 13.6% for nonsmokers (P = 0.119). Major complication rates (including 30-day mortality) were 6.5% for smokers and 8.4% for nonsmokers (P = 0.328). Current smoking status was not associated with increased odds of developing any complication [odds ratio (OR) 0.90; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.47-1.71; P = 0.752] or major complications (OR 1.32; 95% CI 0.64-2.70; P = 0.447) after multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION Smoking was not associated with higher 30-day complications or mortality after corrective surgery for ASD in this study. However, given the negative effects of smoking on overall health and spine surgery outcomes in the long term, smoking cessation before spinal fusion is still recommended. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3.
What is eating up battery life on my SmartPhone: A case study

Smartphones emerged as the new necessary gadget to many. A smartphone can combine some or all functionalities of several other devices such as a personal computer, phone, personal game console, music player, radio, and/or GPS. Unlike most of the above listed technologies which are switched ON on a need-to basis, a smartphone is always ON. Since a smartphone can run background tasks even during idle mode and since it is limited by its battery life, it becomes necessary to understand what really happens in the background and how it affects the battery life and consequently how to improve it. To this end, we analyzed two smartphone platforms specifically looking at how the energy consumption varies depending on the background applications and network connection type. For instance, we show that you can increase the energy efficiency of an iPhone by up to 59% when streaming music on Wi-Fi as opposed to 3G. Also, when the phone is using 3G, we show that network applications running in the background can reduce the energy efficiency of an iPhone by up to 72% when compared to real idle state. Our observation sheds light on what is eating up the battery life of a smartphone and led us to provide optimization techniques to increase the battery life.
CodY Promotes Sporulation and Enterotoxin Production by Clostridium perfringens Type A Strain SM101

ABSTRACT Clostridium perfringens type D strains cause enterotoxemia and enteritis in livestock via epsilon toxin production. In type D strain CN3718, CodY was previously shown to increase the level of epsilon toxin production and repress sporulation. C. perfringens type A strains producing C. perfringens enterotoxin (CPE) cause human food poisoning and antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Sporulation is critical for C. perfringens type A food poisoning since spores contribute to transmission and resistance in the harsh food environment and sporulation is essential for CPE production. Therefore, the current study asked whether CodY also regulates sporulation and CPE production in SM101, a derivative of C. perfringens type A food-poisoning strain NCTC8798. An isogenic codY-null mutant of SM101 showed decreased levels of spore formation, along with lower levels of CPE production. A complemented strain recovered wild-type levels of both sporulation and CPE production. When this result was coupled with the earlier results obtained with CN3718, it became apparent that CodY regulation of sporulation varies among different C. perfringens strains. Results from quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR analysis clearly demonstrated that, during sporulation, codY transcript levels remained high in SM101 but rapidly declined in CN3718. In addition, abrB gene expression patterns varied significantly between codY-null mutants of SM101 and CN3718. Compared to the levels in their wild-type parents, the level of abrB gene expression decreased in the CN3718 codY-null mutant strain but significantly increased in the SM101 codY-null mutant strain, demonstrating CodY-dependent regulation differences in abrB expression between these two strains. This difference appears to be important since overexpression of the abrB gene in SM101 reduced the levels of sporulation and enterotoxin production, supporting the involvement of AbrB repression in regulating C. perfringens sporulation.
ADSORPTION AT CRYSTAL-SOLUTION INTERFACES*

The present work is a continuation of the study of adsorption processes at solution crystal interfaces. It consists of an investigation of the adsorption of dyes, gelatin, and amino acids by the various faces of ammonium alum. The growth ratios of this alum were measured both in the presence and absence of these foreign substances. Adsorption was found to occur only at the cube faces and to be specific in character. The effects obtained are explained on the basis of residual valencies, polar groups in the adsorbed material, and the interionic distances in the crystal lattice. The extension of these ideas to the study of the flocculation of suspensoid sols has been suggested. The growth ratio V100/V111 for pure ammonium alum was found to be 1.53
Impact of a clinical pathway tool on appropriate palliative radiation therapy for bone metastases

Abstract Purpose Clinical pathways increase compliance with treatment guidelines, improve outcomes, and reduce costs. Guidelines recommend single fraction radiation therapy (SFRT) for palliation of uncomplicated bone metastases, but implementation is variable. We examined the effects of a pathway tool on SFRT rates in an academic radiation oncology practice. Methods and materials Using published literature, clinical guidelines, and expert input, we designed a clinical pathway for bone metastases radiation therapy displayed on a Web-based electronic interface. In March 2016, the pathway launched on a palliative radiation service at the Dana Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center main campus and at affiliated community sites. Providers were surveyed pre- and postimplementation to assess expectations and elicit feedback. Rates of pathway utilization, compliance with SFRT recommendations, and reasons for noncompliance were assessed. Results The final pathway includes 20 endpoints and several validated prognostic scoring systems. It was used in 38% of 723 bone metastases radiation prescriptions, with appropriate SFRT rates rising from 18% before implementation to 48% after launch (P Conclusions Our experience demonstrates the utility of clinical pathway decision support for bone metastases radiation in complex academic settings. Next steps include increasing the pathway's ease of use, refining the pathway's prognostic abilities, and measuring cost savings related to the pathway.
Pediatric emergency department triage-based pain guideline utilizing intranasal fentanyl: Effect of implementation

Abstract Background Pain management guidelines in the emergency department (ED) may reduce time to analgesia administration (TTA). Intranasal fentanyl (INF) is a safe and effective alternative to intravenous opiates. The effect of an ED pain management guideline providing standing orders for nurse-initiated administration of intranasal fentanyl (INF) is not known. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of a pediatric ED triage-based pain protocol utilizing intranasal fentanyl (INF) on time to analgesia administration (TTA) and patient and parent satisfaction. Methods This was a prospective study of patients 3–17 years with an isolated orthopedic injury presenting to a pediatric ED before and after instituting a triage-based pain guideline allowing for administration of INF by triage nurses. Our primary outcome was median TTA and secondary outcomes included the proportion of patients who received INF for pain, had unnecessary IV placement, and patient and parent satisfaction. Results We enrolled 132 patients; 72 pre-guideline, 60 post-guideline. Demographics were similar between groups. Median TTA was not different between groups (34.5 min vs. 33 min, p = .7). Utilization of INF increased from 41% pre-guideline to 60% post-guideline (p = .01) and unnecessary IV placement decreased from 24% to 0% (p = .002). Patients and parents preferred the IN route for analgesia administration. Conclusion A triage-based pain protocol utilizing INF did not reduce TTA, but did result in increased INF use, decreased unnecessary IV placement, and was preferred by patients and parents to IV medication. INF is a viable analgesia alternative for children with isolated extremity injuries.
Genetic and Psychosocial Predictors of Aggression: Variable Selection and Model Building With Component-Wise Gradient Boosting.

Abstract Rationale: Given datasets with a large or diverse set of predictors of aggression, machine learning (ML) provides efficient tools for identifying the most salient variables and building a parsimonious statistical model. ML techniques permit efficient exploration of data, have not been widely used in aggression research, and may have utility for those seeking prediction of aggressive behavior. Objectives: The present study examined predictors of aggression and constructed an optimized model using ML techniques. Predictors were derived from a dataset that included demographic, psychometric, and genetic predictors, specifically FKBP5 polymorphisms, which have been shown to alter response to threatening stimuli, but have not been tested as predictors of aggressive behavior in adults. Methods: The data analysis approach utilized component-wise gradient boosting and model reduction via backward elimination to (a) select variables from an initial set of twenty to build a model of trait aggression, and then (b) reduce that model to maximize parsimony and generalizability. Results: From a dataset of N = 47 participants, component-wise gradient boosting selected eight of twenty possible predictors to model Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ) total score, with R2 = 0.65. This model was simplified using backward elimination, retaining six predictors: smoking status, psychopathy (interpersonal manipulation and callous affect), childhood trauma (physical abuse and neglect), and the FKBP5_13 gene (rs1360780). The six-factor model approximated the initial eight-factor model at 99.4% of R2. Conclusions. Using an inductive data science approach, the gradient boosting model identified predictors consistent with previous experimental work in aggression; specifically psychopathy and trauma exposure. Additionally, allelic variants in FKBP5 were identified for the first time, but the relatively small sample size limits generality of results and calls for replication. This approach provides utility for the prediction of aggression behavior, particularly in the context of large multivariate datasets.
Investigation of Response of LiCoO 2 Cathode to Dynamic Impact Using Raman Imaging-Based Analyses

Raman imaging-based evaluation of the LiCoO2 cathode of Li-ion batteries (LIB) in response to direct dynamic impact has been carried out. It was found that impact cycling introduced relatively consistent Raman shifts, despite the structural and chemical heterogeneities of the cathode. The electrochemical performance change in impacted electrodes was a result of impact-induced stress redistribution. Impact depth profiles, Raman shifts from dynamic loading, and postimpact cycling performance employing scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were characterized to determine the impact-related dynamic and electrochemical response.
Developing Students’ Metacognitive Knowledge and Skills

Recent research highlights the importance of both metacognitive knowledge and metacognitive skills in learning. This chapter reviews some of the recent literature on metacognition in learning and describe some methods of helping students acquire strategic metacognitive knowledge and executive management metacognitive skills to improve their learning. Topics focused on include reading metacognition, graphic organizers, self-assessment, self-questioning, and thinking aloud, all of which can be used across content domains.
Mechanics of glenohumeral instability

The glenohumeral joint is designed for mobility and is normally lax. It is stabilized in its midrange by its limited joint volume and concavity-compression. It is stabilized at the extremes of motion by its ligaments. An enhanced understanding of these stabilizing mechanisms helps us in the diagnosis and management of glenohumeral instability.