cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evidence-based alcohol policy in the Americas: strengths, weaknesses, and future challenges

The objectives of this article are to describe the evidence base for alcohol policy in the Americas, to evaluate the extent to which national policies are likely to have an impact on public health, and to identify areas where alcohol policies could be improved. The paper begins with a brief review of epidemiological surveys of the prevalence of alcohol problems in the Americas. This is followed by an analysis of 32 prevention strategies and interventions in terms of the evidence for their effectiveness, amount of research support, cost to implement, and other feasibility issues. Overall, the strategies and interventions with the greatest amount of empirical support are low blood alcohol concentration levels for driving while intoxicated, controls on alcohol availability, age limits on alcohol purchases, and relatively high alcohol prices. The implications of the evidence are next discussed in relation to alcohol policy initiatives in the Americas, based on an analysis of the extent to which strategies and interventions currently used in 25 countries of the Americas are likely to have a public health impact on alcohol-related problems. The countries that have adopted the policies with the highest expected impact overall are Colombia, Costa Rica, Venezuela, and El Salvador. Nevertheless, the analysis indicates that almost all the countries of the Americas could improve the likelihood of preventing alcohol-related problems. Policy efforts in the developing countries of Latin America should focus on improving countermeasures against driving while intoxicated, measures that alter the drinking context, and limits on physical availability. For the developed, high-income countries of North America the goal should be to prevent deterioration of current drinking patterns and to reduce the overall volume of drinking. Given the low to moderate cost of many of the policies reviewed in this article, it now seems possible for communities and nations to substantially reduce the alcohol-related burden of illness in the Americas.
The Aesthetics of Orgasm

In the performance art piece ‘The Aesthetics of Orgasm’ I continue the exploration of erotic wisdom that is a primary feature of my scholarship and my art - which are inseparable. Grounding the piece in personal experience, childhood memories, and an amorous relationship, I create, as always in my performance art, a text-based work. Its mix of poetic language and intellect builds both a sensuous and reasoned theory of the beauty of orgasm. As I elucidate the connection between beings as well as bodies and articulate a philosophy of love, I reveal the necessity of being more than simply human. While ‘the’ rather than ‘an’ in the title may seem to be universalizing my position, that is not my intention. I use ‘the’ because it holds more literary power. This version of ‘The Aesthetics of Orgasm’ is a little more than two-thirds of the original piece.
Corporate policies for electronic commerce

This paper proposes an approach to developing corporate policies for electronic commerce. The Internet and related public-private networks, such as EDI and Intranets are growing rapidly as a medium for commercial enterprises to transact business and develop relationships both internally and externally. While there is no body of law or commercial precedent governing such activity on the Internet, this paper argues that corporations would be well advised to construct policies for their individual approach to electronic commerce. The paper offers a schema for developing such policies.
Attainment of Jupiter Entry Shock Velocities

Numerical Computations and Results Computations were carried out for the symmetric modes and for the two types of end conditions mentioned in Cases 1 and 2. The ratio of the density of the face sheet material to that of the honeycomb core rp is assumed to be 1/21. The ratio of moduli of rigidity of the face sheet to the core is taken as 30 for all calculations. Poisson's ratio of all the layers is assumed to be equal and of magnitude 0.3. Computations were carried out for three values of h/l which are 0.001, 0.003, and 0.005 and for four different values of c/l ranging from 0.01 to 0.04 at interval of 0.01. The frequencies were generated for first three symmetric modes by varying the ratio M/ml from zero to 4.0. Some of these results are shown in Figs. 2 and 3. These figures show the variation of QH/QO against the mass ratio M/ml for two modes. The plot in Fig. 2 is for a simply supported beam while that in Fig. 3 is for fixed ended beam.
Consequential Strangers and Peripheral Ties: The Importance of Unimportant Relationships

Social networks in the 21st century include a wide array of partners. Most individuals report a few core ties (primarily family) and hundreds of peripheral ties. Weak ties differ from intimate ties in emotional quality, stability, density (i.e., who knows whom), and status hierarchies. Undoubtedly, close ties are essential for human survival. Yet peripheral ties may enhance life quality and allow people to flourish. Weak ties may serve (a) distinct functions from intimate ties (e.g., information, resources, novel behaviors, and diversion), (b) parallel functions to intimate ties (e.g., defining identity and positions within social hierarchies, helping when a family member is ill, providing a sense of familiarity), and (c) reciprocal influences between peripheral partners and family members (e.g., bioecological theory). Family science might benefit from investigating consequential strangers who pepper daily life.
Socratic Problem-Solving In The Business World

Accurate and effective decision-making is one of the most essential skills necessary for organizational success. The problem-solving process provides a systematic means of effectively recognizing, analyzing, and solving a dilemma. The key element in this process is critical analysis of the situation, which can be executed by a taking a Socratic approach to the situation. Applying the Socratic Method to the problem-solving model ensures a well-rounded and versatile analysis.
The Use of Independent Lung Ventilation for Unilateral Pulmonary Hemorrhage

Independent Lung Ventilation (ILV) has been used in the critical care setting as a rescue therapy for differential lung disease. The purpose of anatomic separation of the lungs is to prevent blood, purulent secretions, or other debris from one lung from contaminating the other lung. Physiologic separation of the lungs allows different ventilator strategies to be applied to each lung. We report the case of the successful use of ILV in a man with congenital heart disease with severe right sided pulmonary hemorrhage in which the left lung was relatively disease-free. By use of high-pressure “open-lung” strategies applied to the right lung and moderate settings on the left lung, we were able to achieve recruitment of the right lung without over-distention and injury to the left lung. ILV can be considered in the critical care setting in patients with respiratory failure involving widely differential disease between the two lungs.
Near-Surface Applied Geophysics: Seismic surface-wave analysis

Surface-wave-based methods involving active or passive sources are used in investigations spanning a wide range of scales from ultrasonic non-destructive evaluation of civil infrastructure to global seismic imaging of the Earth’s mantle. Near-surface geophysical applications with active sources, probing to depths ~ 30 m, are experiencing steady growth (Socco et al ., 2010). For the most part, the key information is embedded in high-amplitude, low-frequency Rayleigh waves, i.e. the ground roll that is normally regarded as a source of noise in seismic body wave reflection and refraction studies. Typically, surface or interface waves of various types (e.g. Rayleigh, Love, Scholte, Lamb, and Stoneley waves) are guided and highly dispersive. Recognition of these properties drove the development in the 1980s of the spectral analysis of surface wave (SASW) method (Nazarian and Stokoe, 1986) and, later, the multichannel analysis of surface wave (MASW) method (Park et al ., 1999). In these and other related techniques, apparent Rayleigh phase velocity versus frequency curves are first constructed, and then inverted to obtain shear-wave depth profiles. The resulting estimates of shear-wave speed in the shallow subsurface can be interpreted in terms of physical properties such as stiffness, liquefaction potential, and moisture content. These properties are of great interest to geotechnical and construction engineers, soil scientists, and others. In addition, the magnitude of ground shaking in response to a nearby earthquake is highly dependent on the subsurface shear-velocity structure. Rayleigh waves Consider a mechanical disturbance within an infinite homogeneous elastic medium. Both compressional (P-) and shear (S-) body waves are generated, as described in the previous chapter. Suppose now the elastic medium occupies only the lower halfspace, such that a free surface is present. In this case there exists also a Rayleigh wave (R-wave) solution to the elastic wave equations (Richart et al ., 1970). If the medium is heterogeneous, with spatially varying elastic moduli, the R-wave packet is dispersive. The wave packet can be decomposed by Fourier analysis into its individual frequency components. Each frequency component of the wave packet travels at its own characteristic phase velocity. The shape of the phase velocity versus frequency curve is sometimes called the dispersion characteristic . Note that an R-wave traveling in a homogeneous elastic medium is not dispersive.
The Solar Extreme Ultraviolet Monitor for MAVEN

The Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) monitor is an instrument on the NASA Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) mission, designed to measure the variability of the solar soft x-rays and EUV irradiance at Mars. The solar output in this wavelength range is a primary energy input to the Mars atmosphere and a driver for the processes leading to atmospheric escape. The MAVEN EUV monitor consists of three broadband radiometers. The radiometers consist of silicon photodiodes with different bandpass-limiting filters for each channel. The filters for the radiometers are: Channel A: thin foil C/Al/Nb/C for 0.1–3 nm and 17–22 nm, Channel B: thin foil C/Al/Ti/C for 0.1–7 nm, and Channel C: interference filter for 121–122 nm. A fourth, covered photodiode is used to monitor variations in dark signal due to temperature and radiation background changes. The three science channels will monitor emissions from the highly variable corona and transition region of the solar atmosphere. The EUV monitor is mounted on the top deck of the MAVEN spacecraft and is pointed at the Sun for most of its orbit around Mars. The measurement cadence is 1-second. The broadband irradiances can be used to monitor the most rapid changes in solar irradiance due to flares. In combination with time-interpolated observations at Earth of slower varying solar spectral emissions, the broadband MAVEN EUV monitor measurements will also be used in a spectral irradiance model to generate the full EUV spectrum at Mars from 0 to 190 nm in 1-nm bins on a time cadence of 1-minute and daily averages.
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: An In Situ Diagnostic for Sputter Deposition of Y-Ba-Cu-Oxide

Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) has been used as an in situ diagnostic tool to study sputtering of high-temperature superconductors. Hollow-cathode lamps were used as line sources to measure relative atomic species concentrations during sputtering of Y-Ba-Cu-oxide targets using a Kaufman ion gun. The AAS measurements showed that the fluxes of ground state Ba and Cu ejected from a composite target during argon- and oxygen-ion bombardment varied greatly with sputtering parameters. Measurements were made of the effects of changes in ion-beam energy, ion flux to the target, and target temperature. In addition, the variation in atomic densities of Ba and Cu with distance from the target were measured. For comparison, AAS measurements during argon- and oxygen-ion sputtering of a pure copper target were also performed. The AAS results were verified by measuring stoichiometry variations of thin films deposited under identical conditions.
Residual Stresses and Damage in Multilayer Ceramic/Metal Packages

Multilayer ceramic/metal modules are subject to stresses that develop both upon co-sintering and upon cooling. The sources and magnitudes of these stresses are described and discussed. The co-sintering induced stresses derive from densification-rate mismatch and can be analyzed in terms of constitutive laws that describe the densification and creep of partially dense ceramic and metal bodies. Cooling induced stresses are associated with thermal contraction mismatch and are strongly influenced by the plastic flow laws for porous metals. Typical stresses produced during co-sintering and cooling are calculated and techniques for minimizing such stresses are discussed and analyzed. Mechanical damage, manifest as brittle cracks and creep cracks, are also described and analyzed. Critical values of material parameters that exclude extensive crack damage are then emphasized, based on models of crack propagation.
Color Coding Re-Viewed

The advantages and disadvantages of color coding in information displays are summarized, based on the available experimental data. The necessity of analyzing the observers task in making decisions about the application of color to displays is stressed. Nevertheless, it is shown that if certain conditions are met as to luminance, subtense and chromaticity of the light signals, all normal observers and a majority of color-deficient observers can make the necessary identifications to aid performance. Recommendations are made for the effective use of color in complex information displays.
Long-term hemorrhagic risk in pediatric patients with arteriovenous malformations

OBJECTIVE Compared with the general population, the specific natural history of arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) in pediatric patients is less well understood. Furthermore, few pediatric studies have compared posttreatment hemorrhagic risk and functional outcome across different treatment modalities. The objective of this study was to elucidate these points. METHODS The authors retrospectively reviewed all pediatric patients with AVMs evaluated at their institution between 1990 and 2013. The AVM natural history was represented by hemorrhagic risk during the observation period. For treated patients, the observation period was defined as the interval between diagnosis and treatment. Posttreatment hemorrhagic risk and functional outcomes were also assessed. RESULTS A total of 124 pediatric patients with AVMs were evaluated, and 90 patients (72.6%) were retained through follow-up. The average patient age was 13.3 ± 3.8 years, with a mean follow-up period of 9.95 years. The overall AVM obliteration rate was 59.7%. Radiosurgery had an obliteration rate of 49.0%. Thirteen patients were managed conservatively. Four patients under observation hemorrhaged during a total interval of 429.4 patient-years, translating to an annual risk of 0.9%. Posttreatment hemorrhagic risk by treatment modalities were categorized as follows: surgery ± embolization (0.0%), radiosurgery ± embolization (0.8%), embolization alone (2.8%), surgery + radiosurgery ± embolization (3.5%), and observation (0.8%). A significantly higher risk of posttreatment hemorrhage was observed for patients with hemorrhagic presentation (p = 0.043) in multivariate analysis. Seizure presentation, frontal lobe location, nonheadache presentation, and treatment modality were significantly associated with increased risk of poor functional outcomes. CONCLUSIONS In this study of pediatric patients with AVMs, the natural history of hemorrhage was relatively low at 0.9%. Resection remained the optimal management for hemorrhage control and functional outcome perseverance in these pediatric patients with AVMs. AVM obliteration is a valid treatment goal, especially for patients with ruptured presentation, to prevent further hemorrhages later in life.
Bacterial Genomes and Infectious Diseases

The focus of Bacterial Genomes and Infectious Diseases is the rapidly expanding field of bacterial genomics, which is driven by the recent increase in the number of genomes sequenced from representatives of different species of bacterial pathogens, as well as the same or closely related species. The book demonstrates how a comparative approach in bacterial genomics can contribute to our understanding of the basic biology of important human pathogens; thus, furthering the exploration of infectious pathogenesis. The book consists of 14 chapters, the first four of which provide a brief summary of the major concepts and paradigms established in bacterial genomics relevant to infectious diseases. The nine subsequent chapters cover individually selected human pathogens, and describe the biological and medical relevance of the genomic data. The final chapter is devoted to the future directions of infectious disease research, particularly research on gastrointestinal tract diseases. All chapters are well written and organized, each with short summaries and insightful concluding remarks.
Linguistic Insecurity and Linguistic Imperialism: Resuscitating Renaissance ‘Re-Linguiscism’ in Salman Rushdie’s The Enchantress of Florence

Salman Rushdie’s novel, The Enchantress of Florence, received diametric reactions on either side of the Atlantic in the popular, albeit well-heeled, elite press-outlets. Praise for the novel on the British side encompassed a flood of compliments. Most reviewers were “smitten” (Cohen 2008: 1). The jacket cover of the American edition of the novel surreptitiously showcased a triage of commentary from three highly-revered European publications. The Guardian described the novel to be: “…Brilliant, fascinating, generous … with gorgeous young women both historical and imagined…”; The Telegraph depicted the novel to be a “splendid farrago … an all-dancing, colourful performance leaping up from the pages”; and the French-based premier, fashion-magazine, Elle declared The Enchantress of Florence to be: “[A] prodigious fever dream of a book … a beguiling incandescent tale …”.
Cortical activity modulations underlying age-related performance differences during posture–cognition dual tasking

To date, no systematic research investigating cortical correlates of performance changes in dual tasking has been reported in the elderly population. Thus, we monitored whole-scalp cortical activations (EEG) during both single task and posture-cognition dual tasking with the main goal of understanding cortical activity modulations underlying age-related differences on posture-cognition dual tasking conditions. Postural and cognitive data analyses showed that elderly people had decreased cognitive performance even during challenging single cognitive tasks. Working memory impairments in the elderly group can be observed when a challenging cognitive task is performed in any postural condition, while postural control performance differences only became significant during challenging dual task conditions. Behavioral performance results, in general, indicate that elderly subjects may adopt a non-automated conscious control strategy and prioritize postural performance over cognitive performance to maintain upright stance only when the cognitive load is low. EEG analyses showed increased delta, theta and gamma oscillations, primarily over frontal, central-frontal, central and central-parietal cortices during dual tasking conditions. We found that delta oscillations were more responsive to challenging postural conditions presumably related to cortical representations of changing sensory conditions in postural tasks. Theta rhythms, on the other hand, were more responsive to cognitive task difficulty in both groups, with more pronounced increases in younger subjects which may underlie neural correlates of high-level cognitive computations including encoding and retrieval. Gamma oscillations also increased in the elderly primarily over central and central-parietal cortices during challenging postural tasks, indicating increased allocation of attentional sources to postural tasks.
Data Integration Approaches to Longitudinal Growth Modeling

Synthesizing results from multiple studies is a daunting task during which researchers must tackle a variety of challenges. The task is even more demanding when studying developmental processes longitudinally and when different instruments are used to measure constructs. Data integration methodology is an emerging field that enables researchers to pool data drawn from multiple existing studies. To date, these methods are not commonly utilized in the social and behavioral sciences, even though they can be very useful for studying various complex developmental processes. This article illustrates the use of two data integration methods, the data fusion and the parallel analysis approaches. The illustration makes use of six longitudinal studies of mathematics ability in children with a goal of examining individual changes in mathematics ability and determining differences in the trajectories based on sex and socioeconomic status. The studies vary in their assessment of mathematics ability and in the timing and number of measurement occasions. The advantages of using a data fusion approach, which can allow for the fitting of more complex growth models that might not otherwise have been possible to fit in a single data set, are emphasized. The article concludes with a discussion of the limitations and benefits of these approaches for research synthesis.
Evaporation duct refractivity inversion from EM propagation measurements and NAVSLaM predictions

An important application of air-sea interaction research is in characterizing marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL) properties, ducting in particular, in order to predict radar and radio communication conditions in the marine environment. This ongoing research project, conducted off the coast of Duck, NC, during October-November of 2015, provided an opportunity to measure EM propagation during the CASPER at-sea experimental campaigns. The measured signal is used to invert for the evaporation duct refractivity profile based on Terrain Parabolic Equation Model (TPEM) and compared to the profile predicted from NAVSLaM using concurrent meteorological and oceanographic measurements as input.
Phagosomal neutralization by the fungal pathogen Candida albicans induces macrophage pyroptosis

The interaction of Candida albicans with the innate immune system is the key determinant of the pathogen/commensal balance and has selected for adaptations that facilitate the utilization of nutrients commonly found within the host, including proteins and amino acids; many of the catabolic pathways needed to assimilate these compounds are required for persistence in the host. We have shown that C. albicans co-opts amino acid catabolism to generate and excrete ammonia, which raises the extracellular pH, both in vitro and in vivo and induces hyphal morphogenesis. Mutants defective in the uptake or utilization of amino acids, such as those lacking STP2, a transcription factor that regulates the expression of amino acid permeases, are impaired in multiple aspects of fungus-macrophage interactions resulting from an inability to neutralize the phagosome. Here we identified a novel role in amino acid utilization for Ahr1p, a transcription factor previously implicated in regulation of adherence and hyphal morphogenesis. Mutants lacking AHR1 were defective in growth, alkalinization, and ammonia release on amino acid-rich media, similar to stp2Δ and ahr1Δ stp2Δ cells, and occupied more acidic phagosomes. Notably, ahr1Δ and stp2Δ strains did not induce pyroptosis, as measured by caspase-1-dependent interleukin-1β release, though this phenotype could be suppressed by pharmacological neutralization of the phagosome. Altogether, we show that C. albicans-driven neutralization of the phagosome promotes hyphal morphogenesis, sufficient for induction of caspase-1-mediated macrophage lysis.
Adenosine-dependent phrenic motor facilitation is inflammation resistant.

This study gives novel insights concerning how a mild systemic inflammation impacts phrenic motor plasticity (pMF), particularly adenosine-dependent pMF. We suggest that since this adenosine-depend...
Antimony and sleep-related disorders: NHANES 2005–2008

Abstract Background Antimony is used as a flame-retardant in textiles and plastics, in semiconductors, pewter, and as pigments in paints, lacquers, glass and pottery. Subacute or chronic antimony poisoning has been reported to cause sleeplessness. The prevalence of short sleep duration ( Objective To investigate whether there is an association between antimony exposure and sleep-related disorders in the US adult population using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005–2008. Methods We performed multivariate logistic regression to analyze the association of urinary antimony with several sleep disorders, including insufficient sleep and OSA, in adult (ages 20 years and older) participants of NHANES 2005–2008 (n=2654). Result We found that participants with higher urinary antimony levels had higher odds to experience insufficient sleep (≤6 h/night) (OR 1.73; 95%CI; 1.04, 2.91) as well as higher odds to have increased sleep onset latency (>30 min/night). Furthermore, we found that higher urinary antimony levels in participants were associated with OSA (OR 1.57; 95%CI; 1.05, 2.34), sleep problems, and day-time sleepiness. Conclusion In this study, we found that urinary antimony was associated with higher odds to have insufficient sleep and OSA. Because of the public health implications of sleep disorders, further studies, especially a prospective cohort study, are warranted to evaluate the association between antimony exposure and sleep-related disorders.
Evaluation of a coplanar 6a3ω configuration in the Hybrid III 50th percentile male head.

ABSTRACTObjectives: In order to understand the mechanisms of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and develop proper safety measures, it is essential that accurate instrumentation methods are utilized. The brain injury criterion (BrIC) has been developed and validated to predict brain injuries in combination with the head injury criterion (Takhounts et al. 2011, 2013). Because the validated BrIC is heavily dependent on angular motion, the accuracy of any head instrumentation technique should be judged in part by its ability to measure angular motion. The main objective of this study was to evaluate a method of accurately measuring 6-degree-of-freedom (DOF) anthropomorphic test device (ATD) head kinematics using a coplanar 6 accelerometers and 3 angular rate sensors (6a3ω) configuration.Methods: A coplanar 6a3ω configuration (c6a3ω) was implemented via a newly designed fixture. The c6a3ω fixture was placed at the center of gravity (CG) of a Hybrid III 50th percentile ATD (HIII 50) head. In addition, a tetrahedron ...
Out of Time: Global Settlerism, Nostalgia, and the Selling of the Rhodesian Rebellion Overseas

This article looks at how the Rhodesian regime and its friends abroad used certain types of temporalising rhetoric to define and defend Rhodesia’s unilateral declaration of independence (UDI) to overseas audiences. Supporters of UDI inside and outside Africa played with the differences between calendar and civilisational time in order metaphorically to place Rhodesians, white and black, back in time. It allowed them to situate white settlers enough ahead of Africans on a civilisational time-scale to justify white supremacy, yet sufficiently behind the modern west to have reduced culpability for that very same white supremacy. This was done to appeal to the sympathies of certain western audiences, in particular conservative Americans. The use of these metaphors provides insight into Rhodesia’s self-image as a settler state, and how defenders of UDI wanted the Rhodesian settler project to be seen in the west.
A Dairy Herd Case Investigation with Very Low Dietary Cation–Anion Difference in Prepartum Dairy Cows

During the periparturient period, subclinical hypocalcemia (Total plasma Ca concentration 0.05). Several other blood metabolites (P, Mg, Na, K, Cl, albumin, globulins, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine and GGT) were also similar between groups. This very low DCAD during the prepartum period may severely compromise animal physiology unnecessarily, with little advantage over normal calcium concentrations at parturition, when compared with a less negative DCAD (- 53 mEq/kg DM). Feeding a less negative DCAD ration (-53 mEq/kg DM) did not decrease plasma Ca levels right after parturition compared to a DCAD ration of -143 mEq/kg DM, reinforcing the lack of benefit of a more negative DCAD.
Characteristics of ADHD in the Emerging Adult: an Overview

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a developmental disorder that persists into adulthood for many individuals. Research on the disorder, however, has largely focused on childhood or on adulthood but spanning a very broad age range. Emerging adulthood, conceptualized as the period between 18 and 29 years of age, has been identified as a distinct developmental stage. To date, there is relatively little research focused specifically on ADHD in that period of life. In the present paper, we provide an overview of the characteristics of ADHD in emerging adults. The prevalence of ADHD in this stage of life appears to be slightly higher than typically found in studies with adult samples of broader age range. ADHD in emerging adults is associated with a variety of negative outcomes such as poorer academic and occupational functioning, psychiatric comorbidities, alcohol and substance use, as well as stimulant misuse. Studies using neuropsychological tests have generally reported average to high average intellectual functioning, variable performance on measures of attention, and generally intact scores on most measures of executive functions. In contrast, a small number of studies indicate the presence of subjective executive dysfunction. Methodological limitations that likely contribute to heterogeneity in the literature are discussed.
Later Poems, Part II: 1984–2012

In the poems of this period Rich now, as in her early work, addresses an audience composed of both men and women, a general public. She expresses her wish for her poems to be useful to people, and reaffirms her belief that poetry is necessary, a way to gain insight and understanding of ourselves and the world. Further, she sees poetry as helping to form communities of like-minded people. In fact, poetry may point out why revolution is necessary.
Ideas For Raising the Question of the World Within Transcendental Phenomenology: Freiburg, 1930

Arguing that phenomenological analysis of the world, both in treatments Husserl himself published and in subsequent studies about it, have only been on a preliminary level, the article first explains the systematic exigency for a more self-critical second look It then lays out one such critical second-look at and reinterpretation of the world as was in fact done in Husserl’s own last years by Eugen Fink The centerpiece of this reinterpretation is the displacement of a subject-object orientation to one that views the structure of horizonality in its own terms, rather than as a function of thematic act-intentionality. What results is a more radical understanding both of the world and of the “subject” conscious of it, thus providing a more critically legitimate base for establishing the proper sense of the transcendental.
Incidence Prediction for the 2017-2018 Influenza Season in the United States with an Evolution-informed Model.

Introduction Seasonal influenza is responsible for a high disease burden in the United States and worldwide. Predicting outbreak size in advance can contribute to the timely control of seasonal influenza by informing health care and vaccination planning. Methods Recently, a process-based model was developed for forecasting incidence dynamics ahead of the season, with the approach validated by several statistical criteria, including an accurate real-time prediction for the past 2016-2017 influenza season before it started. Results Based on this model and data up to June 2017, a forecast for the upcoming 2017-2018 influenza season is presented here, indicating an above-average, moderately severe, outbreak dominated by the H3N2 subtype. Discussion The prediction is consistent with surveillance data so far, which already indicate the predominance of H3N2. The forecast for the upcoming 2017-2018 influenza season reinforces the importance of the on-going vaccination campaign.
Debugging during block-based programming

In this study, we investigated the debugging process that early childhood preservice teachers used during block-based programing. Its purpose was to provide insights into how to prepare early childhood teachers to integrate computer science into instruction. This study reports the types of errors that early childhood preservice teachers commonly made and how they debugged the errors. Findings are discussed in relation to research and practice that could benefit from debugging instruction. This study provides directions for future computer science education research that aims to prepare teachers for programming, computational thinking, and STEM education. Though this study used robotics as a programming context, findings on early childhood preservice teachers’ debugging processes could be applicable to other contexts involving block-based programming.
Cation Effects on the Reduction of Colloidal ZnO Nanocrystals.

The effects of a variety of monatomic cations (H+, Li+, Na+, K+, Mg2+, and Ca2+) and larger cations (decamethylcobaltocenium and tetrabutylammonium) on the reduction of colloidal ZnO nanocrystals (NCs) are described. Suspensions of “TOPO”-capped ZnO NCs in toluene/THF were treated with controlled amounts of one-electron reductants (CoCp*2 or sodium benzophenone anion radical) and cations. Equilibria were quickly established and the extent of NC reduction was quantified via observation of the characteristic near-IR absorbance of conduction band electrons. Addition of excess reductant with or without added cations led to a maximum average number of electrons per ZnO NC, which was dependent on the NC volume and on the nature of the cation. Electrons are transferred to the ZnO NCs in a stoichiometric way, roughly one electron per monovalent cation and roughly two electrons per divalent cation. This shows that cations are charge-balancing the added electrons in ZnO NCs. Overall, our experiments provide insight...
Other Anorectal Diseases

Fissures are usually due to inordinate stretching of the anal canal by hard fecal concretions but may occur with tuberculosis, Crohn’s disease, or ulcerative colitis. They are almost always located posteriorly in the midline and may vary from superficial cracks to very deep, heavily scarred lacerations that extend as deep as the internal sphincter and may be 2–3 cm in length. A papilla at the upper end of the fissure may hypertrophy, and, in the same fashion, skin at the outer edge may become edematous and form a “sentinel pile.”10 The treatment depends entirely upon the severity of the process.
On the Relationship Between Kováts and Lee Retention Indices

A relationship between the Kovats and Lee retention indices was obtained for dimethylsilicone stationary phase and isothermal conditions. The temperature dependence of the retention indices was taken into account. Based on numerous experimental data for dimethylsilicone stationary phase, parameters of the linear temperature dependence of the Kovats indices were determined for the reference compounds of the Lee scale.
Adolescent Happiness and Family Interaction

Few family studies have investigated the subjective rewards that adolescents experience at home, which may build toward positive developmental outcomes. This despite the fact that extensive research into “optimal experiences” (interest, flow, intrinsic motivation, peak experiences) suggest they are among the most important influences on growth, such as the full utilization of potential, and the achievement of a sense of self-determination and creativity.
A Human Cell: The Advantages of Compartments

The human body is composed of trillions of cells. Just like a bacterial cell, each one of our cells (with a few exceptions) has DNA, polymerases, and ribosomes for building proteins based on genomic information. Each cell is filled with a collection of enzymes for making and breaking the many molecules needed for growth and energy production. Each cell is surrounded by a sturdy cell membrane filled with channels, pumps, and sensors. Each of our cells, however, is much larger and far more complex than a bacterial cell. Where bacteria are built to be fast and efficient, our cells are made to perform complex and specific tasks, and they are made to last and perform these tasks for years.
Sensitivity of rabbit aorta to altered oxygen tension.

It is generally thought that feedback mechanisms exist in the systemic circulation to match the supply and demand of oxygen in the various tissues. In particular, vascular smooth muscle cells of the microvessels which control tissue blood flow respond appropriately to an imbalance in oxygen supply and demand. Whether the oxygen-linked stimulus is direct, with oxygen acting on some component of the blood vessel wall, or indirect, acting via altered parenchymal cell metabolism, remains an unsettled question.
Regulation and poverty: an empirical examination of the relationship between the incidence of federal regulation and the occurrence of poverty across the US states

We estimate the impact of federal regulations on poverty rates in the 50 US states using the recently created Federal Regulation and State Enterprise (FRASE) index, which is an industry-weighted measure of the burden of federal regulations at the state level. Controlling for many other factors known to influence poverty rates, we find a robust, positive and statistically significant relationship between the FRASE index and poverty rates across states. Specifically, we find that a 10% increase in the effective federal regulatory burden on a state is associated with an approximate 2.5% increase in the poverty rate. This paper fills an important gap in both the poverty and the regulation literatures because it is the first one to estimate the relationship between the two variables. Moreover, our results have practical implications for federal policymakers and regulators because the greater poverty that results from additional regulations should be considered when weighing the costs and benefits of additional regulations.
Implementation of Protocols to Mitigate Violence Within a Health Care Setting for Patient and Healthcare Worker Safety (P4.166)

Objective: To evaluate and identify safety gaps within a hospital with efforts to implement protocols for patient and healthcare workers safety. We hypothesized that quarterly security compliance audits, and staff education is critical for the detection of potential violent situations within our Primary Stroke Center Hospital. Background: In today’s healthcare setting, there is a need to consider violence as a threat to patient and healthcare worker safety. Patients, visitors, or employees have the potential to become victims of verbal and/or physical violence. When under extreme physical or mental stress, an individual increases their likelihood to become violent. Gaps were identified within the policies and procedures regarding safety and hospital violence. Design/Methods: An observational study was conducted within the Stroke Center, which led to the assessment of the hospital’s security strengths and weaknesses. The assessment highlighted the lack of: 360-degree video surveillance access, security officers patrolling key entrances/exits and within the facility, verifying active employee badges, recording visitor identification and visit purpose, and secured loading docks. Modifications (interventions) were developed and implemented. Observation were documented post-intervention. Results: The intervention resulted in increased: robust high definition surveillance access, officers’ ability to visually inspect body language and search for identifiable weapons without metal detectors, controlled visitor access flow, and prevention of terminated employees using employee entrances. Increasing security compliance initiatives yielded an increase in patient and employee safety and comfort level. Conclusions: Workplace violence is slowly increasing, however, through annual security audits and continuous prevention education, healthcare professionals can learn to identify the risks of violence and help minimize the negative consequences through early intervention. Hospitals can begin to work towards deterring workplace violence by continuously monitoring the security needs assessment with the goal to Implement effective assessment and response plans. Disclosure: Dr. Goldberg has nothing to disclose. Dr. Wright has nothing to disclose. Dr. Thirunavukkarasu has nothing to disclose. Dr. Schwarz has nothing to disclose.
The Effects of Perioperative Corticosteroids on Dysphagia Following Surgical Procedures Involving the Anterior Cervical Spine: A Prospective, Randomized, Controlled, Double-Blinded Clinical Trial.

Background:Dysphagia is one of the most common complications of surgical procedures in the anterior cervical spine, and can persist up to 2 years postoperatively. Corticosteroids are relatively safe and inexpensive for treating various inflammatory conditions. Perioperative corticosteroid administra
Few cycle pulse laser induced damage studies of gallium oxide and gallium nitride (Conference Presentation)

The laser damage thresholds for gallium nitride and gallium oxide were found after exposing each sample to a femtosecond laser pulse. Threshold fluences were determined for both single pulse and multi pulse exposures. To accurately characterize the excited carrier density criteria in which visible laser damage occurs, we simulated carrier excitation dynamics for the entire laser pulse as it interacts with the target using the Keldysh model. From this a dynamic model of the conduction band carrier concentration was determined. For the measured single shot threshold fluences, the plasma critical density criteria for damage was met.
The Anterior (Endoscopic Endonasal) Approach and Outcomes for Foramen Magnum Tumors

Foramen magnum lesions are rare disorders which may present with cranial nerve dysfunction or compression of the upper spinal cord and medulla resulting in the pathognomonic “foramen magnum syndrome.” Treatment of these lesions is difficult given the proximity of the lesions to the lower cranial nerves, cranio-cervical junction, and vasculature. The surgical approach to these lesions is determined by the location of these structures in relation to the lesion. In a select group of patients, the lesion is medial to the cranial nerves and ventral to the neurovascular structures, whereby an endoscopic endonasal approach would be safe and effective. In this chapter, a case of a foramen magnum meningioma will be presented, the surgical approach and relevant anatomy will be described, and the current literature and outcomes will be reviewed.
Using Sensors and Deep Learning to Enable On-Demand Balance Evaluation for Effective Physical Therapy

In traditional physical therapy, balance evaluation is performed by the physical therapist (PT) intermittently during clinic visits, which is subjective, inconvenient, and time-consuming. In this paper, we use sensors and deep learning to propose an automated balance evaluation system for home and clinical use. First, we propose a deep learning-based model to estimate the subject's Center of Mass (CoM) position using a depth camera, which outperforms other CoM estimation methods with high accuracy and ease of use. Then we propose a balance evaluation system to evaluate the subject's dynamic balance in a Gait Initiation (GI) task. The subject's CoM position is estimated by the proposed CoM estimation model and the Center of Pressure (CoP) position is measured by a Wii balance board. The CoP-CoM trajectory during the GI task is used to assess and quantify the patient's dynamic balance control. Using data collected from both healthy subjects and patients with Parkinson's Disease, the proposed balance evaluation model is able to quantify the subject's balance level which is consistent with the human PT's assessments in traditional balance evaluation tests. The proposed balance evaluation system can be used as a portable and low-cost tool for on-demand balance evaluation.
The Viability of Tuition-Free Community College:

Free higher education has become a major policy discussion of the past few years, one that is often debated or supported along partisan lines. Those supporting this policy initiative often point to...
Higher-Order Assessment in Gross Anatomy: A Comparison of Performance on Higher- Versus Lower-Order Anatomy Questions between Undergraduate and First-Year Medical Students

Gross anatomy is considered by many the backbone of medical education. While learning anatomy has a reputation of requiring mainly rote memorization, modern day anatomy education often involves instruction and assessment at cognitive levels that foster higher-order thinking. In many instances, these higher-order anatomical concepts are taught to graduate students in healthcare-related fields, such as medicine. At this level, students are expected to apply and analyze anatomical information since that is what will ultimately be expected of them as professionals. In contrast, undergraduate anatomy education is typically more introductory in nature and often takes place in the setting of a large-enrollment course that serves as a prerequisite for many health sciences degree programs. In this study, variables related to the assessment of higher-order concepts in clinical anatomy were compared between first-year medical students and undergraduate students enrolled in an upper-level human gross anatomy course. Results demonstrate that undergraduate students perform lower than medical students overall, but the degree of difference in how they perform on higher- versus lower-order questions is comparable. The most notable exception is on practical examinations, where undergraduate students tend to struggle more with applying and analyzing information. Exploration of additional variables provides insight into how the cognitive level being assessed affects the time it takes to answer a question and how different practical examination question types and formats influence student performance. Findings presented in this study have implications for designing anatomy courses and underscore the importance of blueprinting assessments.