cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cyr61 and CTGF are molecular markers of bladder wall remodeling after outlet obstruction

Cysteine-rich protein (Cyr61) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) are key immediate early growth factors with functions in cell proliferation, differentiation, and extracellular matrix synthesis. Studies were performed to assess the gene expression profile of Cyr61 and CTGF in rat urinary bladder during growth in response to partial outlet obstruction. The mRNA levels of Cyr61 as determined by ribonuclease protection assay increased sharply after 1 day and remained elevated throughout the time period of the obstruction. This correlates well with increased bladder weight. The CTGF mRNA levels seemed to peak within the second week of the urethral obstruction and correlate well with increased type I collagen mRNA. The expression pattern of either Cyr61 or CTGF proteins corroborated that of their respective mRNAs. Immunohistochemical analyses showed that immunoreactivity of Cyr61 was confined to detrusor smooth muscle and that of CTGF was detected within both detrusor muscle and lamina propria layers. These data strongly indicate the involvement of Cyr61 and CTGF in bladder wall remodeling as a result of the outlet obstruction.
Preservation/exhumation of ultrahigh-pressure subduction complexes

Abstract Ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphic terranes reflect subduction of continental crust to depths of 90–140 km in Phanerozoic contractional orogens. Rocks are intensely overprinted by lower pressure mineral assemblages; traces of relict UHP phases are preserved only under kinetically inhibiting circumstances. Most UHP complexes present in the upper crust are thin, imbricate sheets consisting chiefly of felsic units ± serpentinites; dense mafic and peridotitic rocks make up less than ∼ 10% of each exhumed subduction complex. Roundtrip prograde–retrograde P – T paths are completed in 10–20 Myr, and rates of ascent to mid-crustal levels approximate descent velocities. Late-stage domical uplifts typify many UHP complexes. Sialic crust may be deeply subducted, reflecting profound underflow of an oceanic plate prior to collisional suturing. Exhumation involves decompression through the P – T stability fields of lower pressure metamorphic facies. Scattered UHP relics are retained in strong, refractory, watertight host minerals (e.g., zircon, pyroxene, garnet) typified by low rates of intracrystalline diffusion. Isolation of such inclusions from the recrystallizing rock matrix impedes back reaction. Thin-aspect ratio, ductile-deformed nappes are formed in the subduction zone; heat is conducted away from UHP complexes as they rise along the subduction channel. The low aggregate density of continental crust is much less than that of the mantle it displaces during underflow; its rapid ascent to mid-crustal levels is driven by buoyancy. Return to shallow levels does not require removal of the overlying mantle wedge. Late-stage underplating, structural contraction, tectonic aneurysms and/or plate shallowing convey mid-crustal UHP decollements surfaceward in domical uplifts where they are exposed by erosion. Unless these situations are mutually satisfied, UHP complexes are completely transformed to low-pressure assemblages, obliterating all evidence of profound subduction.
Two- and three-dimensional transthoracic echocardiographic assessment of hiatal hernia.

Using two- (2DTTE) and three-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography (3DTTE) and an oral contrast agent (a carbonated beverage), a mass-like lesion behind the left ventricular posterior wall in an elderly female was definitively diagnosed as a hiatal hernia. A 3DTTE provided a more comprehensive evaluation of the hiatal hernia as compared to the 2DTTE in terms of its size and extent and thickness of the wall. The size of the hernia was underestimated by 2DTTE (3.3 × 3.2 cm) as compared to 3DTTE (at least 7 × 4.8 cm). The maximum thickness of the gastric wall was also found to be larger by 3DTTE (11 mm) as compared to 2DTTE (5 mm). Both the size of the hernia and thickness of the wall have important clinical implications. The size has been reported to be the strongest predictor of severity of esophagitis and gastric wall thickness of 10 mm or more has been associated with malignant or potentially malignant gastric lesions.
Scheduling constraint generation for communicating processes

This paper describes a new algorithm for generation of scheduling constraints in networks of communicating processes. Our model of communication intertwines the schedules of the machines in the network: timing constraints of a machine may affect the schedules of machines communicating with it. This model of communication facilitates the modular specification of timing constraints. A feasible solution to the set of constraints generated gives a schedule for each machine in the network such that all internal constraints of each machine are satisfied and communication between machines is statically coordinated whenever possible. Static scheduling of communication saves on the cost of handshake associated with dynamic synchronization. Our algorithm can handle complex, state-dependent and cyclic timing constraints. Experimental results show that our algorithm is both effective and efficient. >
Signature analysis based IC diagnostics-a statistician's perspective

This paper deals with the basic concepts of signature analysis, and will attempt to demonstrate how its implementation would enable efficient utilization of failure analysis engineering resources to analyze field failures and avoid repetitive analyses. This would accomplish the dual objective of improved customer satisfaction and reduced cycle time. Signature analysis methodology can be used in Failure Analysis, Design, Product, and Customer Quality and Reliability Engineering group applications. Starting with definitions, purpose, and various possible scenarios, a formal mathematical framework is developed for computing sample sizes and establishing confidence levels when the failures occur at random or occur in clusters.
Incremental 3D ultrasound imaging from a 2D scanner

The development of an interactive system that will display 3-D structures from a series of 2-D images acquired incrementally by a conventional 2-D ultrasound echographic (2DE) scanner is discussed. The user-guided scanner head is mounted on a mechanical arm that tracks the position and orientation of an image frame. The design and implementation of the system, visualization algorithm, and results of an experiment with a doll phantom to test its feasibility are reported. >
Correctly Optimizing Abstract Abstract Machines

The technique of abstracting abstract machines (AAM) provides a systematic approach for deriving computable approximations of evaluators that are easily proved sound. This article contributes a complementary step-by-step process for subsequently going from a naive analyzer derived under the AAM approach, to an efficient and correct implementation. The end result of the process is a two to three order-of-magnitude improvement over the systematically derived analyzer, making it competitive with hand-optimized implementations that compute fundamentally less precise results.
Intracellular cholesterol transport.

Recent data on the roles of vesicle- and 'raft'-medi- ated pathways in intracellular free cholesterol (FC) transport are reviewed. Cholesterol internalized from .plasma lipopro- teins is transferred via endocytic vesicles to the trum-Golgi net- work (TGN), consistent with prior data indicating a key role for this organelle in protein and lipid sorting and transport. Newly synthesized and lipoproteinderived FC are returned to the cell surface by a common raftdependent pathway. Intra- cellular FC transport promotes the delivery of GPI-anchored proteins to the cell surface; it is also an additional mechanism to regulate cell FC content. Many peripheral cells express ca- veolin, an FGbinding protein localized to plasma membrane caveolae. FC delivery to cell surface caveolae is accelerated by caveolin. Caveolar FC becomes targeted to small, lipid-poor (prebeta-) high density lipoprotein particles. Caveolin may protect quiescent cells, regulating FC efflux more efficiently in response to changing medium lipoprotein concentrations. Overall, these recent findings suggest that cell FC content can be regulated at the levels of both influx and efflux, and indi- cate key roles for the TGN and in cells expressing caveolin, cell-surface caveolae.-Fielding, C. J., and P. E. Fielding. In- tracellular cholesterol transport. J. Lipid Res. 1997. 38 1503- 1521.
Is conventional coronary artery surgery being replaced by the hybrid approach

From the Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, and Department of Cardiology, Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, Fla. Disclosures: Authors have nothing to disclose with regard to commercial support. Received for publication Feb 8, 2016; accepted for publication Feb 10, 2016; available ahead of print March 8, 2016. Address for reprints: Tomas A. Salerno, MD, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine and Jackson Memorial Hospital, 1611 NW 12th Ave, Miami, FL 33136 (E-mail: tsalerno@med.miami.edu). J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2016;151:1702-3 0022-5223/$36.00 Copyright 2016 by The American Association for Thoracic Surgery http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2016.02.023 Tomas A. Salerno, MD, and Alexander C. Ferreira, MD
Site Coordinators: A Critical Component in Providing Quality Nursing Education at Distance Sites

The Site Coordinator performs a critical role in the success of distance education in both continuing education and the RN/BSN program. As the local agent, the Site Coordinator is essential for the development of a relationship between the main campus and the distance site. These important people can ease, guide, support, and promote the ongoing development of self-directed learning skills--essential tools for professional lifelong learning.
Socially-Just and Scientifically-Sound: Re-Examining Co-Management of Protected Areas

Co-management of protected areas is a growing trend within the conservation management field. Current practice of co-management falls often fails to replicate the ideals because of unequal partnerships. An in-depth examination of co-management shows that the current methods of co-management disempower indigenous, tribal and local communities. Such disempowerment stems from an invalidation of the complex nuances of Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK). A co-management structure that views TEK as a legitimate knowledge system on par with scientific knowledge by incorporating many of the many tenets important to self-management of protected areas, including rights to self-control of knowledge, resources and cultures.
Molecular dynamics simulations of laser-induced incandescence of soot using an extended ReaxFF reactive force field

Laser-induced incandescence (LII) of soot has developed into a popular method for making in situ measurements of soot volume fraction and primary particle sizes. However, there is still a lack of understanding regarding the generation and interpretation of the cooling signals. To model heat transfer from the heated soot particles to the surrounding gas, knowledge of the collision-based cooling as well as reactive events, including oxidation (exothermic) and evaporation (endothermic) is essential. We have simulated LII of soot using the ReaxFF reactive force field for hydrocarbon combustion. Soot was modeled as a stack of four graphene sheets linked together using sp3 hybridized carbon atoms. To calculate the thermal accommodation coefficient of various gases with soot, graphene sheets of diameter 40 A were used to create a soot particle containing 2691 atoms, and these simulations were carried out using the ReaxFF version incorporated into the Amsterdam Density Functional program. The reactive force field...
An effective f-k domain random noise suppression technique applied to a land data set

Summary We present a simple and effective frequency-wavenumber (f-k) domain random noise attenuation implementation and its application to a land seismic data set. The method automatically extracts seismic events in a small temporal and spatial window one by one starting from the most energetic and most coherent energy in the f-k domain. The procedure stops when certain criteria are met to avoid picking the random noise energy in the f-k domain. Application of the method to a noisy land data set suggests that it is very effective at noise removal.
Assessing the Accuracy of Two Enhanced Sampling Methods Using EGFR Kinase Transition Pathways: The Influence of Collective Variable Choice

Structurally elucidating transition pathways between protein conformations gives deep mechanistic insight into protein behavior but is typically difficult. Unbiased molecular dynamics (MD) simulations provide one solution, but their computational expense is often prohibitive, motivating the development of enhanced sampling methods that accelerate conformational changes in a given direction, embodied in a collective variable. The accuracy of such methods is unclear for complex protein transitions, because obtaining unbiased MD data for comparison is difficult. Here, we use long-time scale, unbiased MD simulations of epidermal growth factor receptor kinase deactivation as a complex biological test case for two widely used methods—steered molecular dynamics (SMD) and the string method. We found that common collective variable choices, based on the root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) of the entire protein, prevented the methods from producing accurate paths, even in SMD simulations on the time scale of the unbi...
Heart rate monitoring mobile applications

Total number of times a heart beats in a minute is known as the heart rate. Traditionally, heart rate was measured using clunky gadgets but these days it can be measured with a smartphone’s camera. This can help you measure your heart rate anywhere and at anytime, especially during workouts so you can adjust your workout intensity to achieve maximum health benefits. With simple and easy to use mobile app, ‘Unique Heart Rate Monitor’, you can also maintain your heart rate history for personal reflection and sharing with a provider.
The PAX gene egl-38 mediates developmental patterning in Caenorhabditis elegans

Mutations in the C. elegans gene egl-38 result in a discrete set of defects in developmental pattern formation. In the developing egg-laying system of egl-38 mutant hermaphrodites, the identity of four uterine cells is disrupted and they adopt the fate of their neighbor cells. Likewise, the identity of two rectal epithelial cells in the male tail is disrupted and one of these cells adopts the fate of its neighbor cell. Genetic analysis suggests that the egl-38 functions in the tail and the egg-laying system are partially separable, as different egl-38 mutations can preferentially disrupt the different functions. We have cloned egl-38 and shown that it is a member of the PAX family of genes, which encode transcription factors implicated in a variety of developmental patterning events. The predicted EGL-38 protein is most similar to the mammalian class of proteins that includes PAX2, PAX5 and PAX8. The sequence of egl-38 mutant DNA indicates that the tissue-preferential defects of egl-38 mutations result from substitutions in the DNA-binding paired domain of the EGL-38 protein. egl-38 thus provides the first molecular genetic insight into two specific patterning events that occur during C. elegans development and also provides the opportunity to investigate the in vivo functions of this class of PAX proteins with single cell resolution.
Assessing the Gold Standard — Lessons from the History of RCTs

Randomized, controlled trials have become the gold standard of medical knowledge. Yet their scientific and political history offers lessons about the complexity of medicine and disease and the economic and political forces shaping the production and circulation of knowledge.
Late Oligocene to present contractional structure in and around the Susitna basin, Alaska—Geophysical evidence and geological implications

The Cenozoic Susitna basin lies within an enigmatic lowland surrounded by the Central Alaska Range, Western Alaska Range (including the Tordrillo Mountains), and Talkeetna Mountains in south-central Alaska. Some previous interpretations show normal faults as the defining structures of the basin (e.g., Kirschner, 1994). However, analysis of new and existing geophysical data shows predominantly (Late Oligocene to present) thrust and reverse fault geometries in the region, as previously proposed by Hackett (1978). A key example is the Beluga Mountain fault where a 50-mGal gravity gradient, caused by the density transition from the igneous bedrock of Beluga Mountain to the >4-km-thick Cenozoic sedimentary section of Susitna basin, spans a horizontal distance of ∼40 km and straddles the topographic front. The location and shape of the gravity gradient preclude a normal fault geometry; instead, it is best explained by a southwest-dipping thrust fault, with its leading edge located several kilometers to the northeast of the mountain front, concealed beneath the shallow glacial and fluvial cover deposits. Similar contractional fault relationships are observed for other basin-bounding and regional faults as well. Contractional structures are consistent with a regional shortening strain field inferred from differential offsets on the Denali and Castle Mountain right-lateral strike-slip fault systems.
Evidence for Bulk Ripplocations in Layered Solids.

Plastically anisotropic/layered solids are ubiquitous in nature and understanding how they deform is crucial in geology, nuclear engineering, microelectronics, among other fields. Recently, a new defect termed a ripplocation–best described as an atomic scale ripple–was proposed to explain deformation in two-dimensional solids. Herein, we leverage atomistic simulations of graphite to extend the ripplocation idea to bulk layered solids, and confirm that it is essentially a buckling phenomenon. In contrast to dislocations, bulk ripplocations have no Burgers vector and no polarity. In graphite, ripplocations are attracted to other ripplocations, both within the same, and on adjacent layers, the latter resulting in kink boundaries. Furthermore, we present transmission electron microscopy evidence consistent with the existence of bulk ripplocations in Ti3SiC2. Ripplocations are a topological imperative, as they allow atomic layers to glide relative to each other without breaking the in-plane bonds. A more complete understanding of their mechanics and behavior is critically important, and could profoundly influence our current understanding of how graphite, layered silicates, the MAX phases, and many other plastically anisotropic/layered solids, deform and accommodate strain.
DNA nanotechnology for nucleic acid analysis: multifunctional molecular DNA machine for RNA detection

The Nobel prize in chemistry in 2016 was awarded for 'the design and synthesis of molecular machines'. Here we designed and assembled a molecular machine for the detection of specific RNA molecules. An association of several DNA strands, named multifunctional DNA machine for RNA analysis (MDMR1), was designed to (i) unwind RNA with the help of RNA-binding arms, (ii) selectively recognize a targeted RNA fragment, (iii) attract a signal-producing substrate and (iv) amplify the fluorescent signal by catalysis. MDMR1 enabled detection of 16S rRNA at concentrations ∼24 times lower than that by a traditional deoxyribozyme probe.
Irony and Popular Politics in Germany, 1800–1850

Defining irony as an aesthetic trope that constructs distance, difference, and detachment, this essay explores the relationship of irony to political sensationalism in Germany’s evolving popular political culture. Concretely, the essay explores the evolving growth of ironic expression in popular political texts (flysheets, songs, almanacs, calendars, lithographs, and various forms of journalism), all of which encouraged detachment and analytical distance to the social order, spawning in turn critical reflection and partisan engagement. Drawing on the images and popular political texts of the Restoration and Vormarz eras (1800–1848), this essay presents how irony posed enormous problems for censors and their regulation of political discourse. The analysis will particularly focus on the Rhine Crisis of 1840 and the attempted assassination of King Friedrich Wilhelm IV of Prussia in 1844 as examples of sensationalism that transformed popular political identity. By shifting the representative modalities of political sensation and scandal toward critical citizenship, irony assumes a central role in shaping political modernity.
FXII Promotes Coagulation in a FXI and FIX Independent Manner

Abstract Abstract 3362 Activation of coagulation factors (F) XII and XI support thrombogenesis through multiple pathways. FXII-deficient mice are more resistant to FeCl3-induced arterial occlusion than either FIX or FXI deficient mice, suggesting that the resistance of FXII-deficient mice to experimental thrombosis is not completely explained by the FXII-FXI-FIX pathway, suggesting the existence of a pathological FXII by-pass, in vivo. The APTT of FXII deficient plasma is longer than the APTT of FXI, FIX, or FX deficient plasmas. We found that addition of 150 nM activated FXII (FXIIa) decreased the recalcification time of FXI or FIX-deficient plasma by up to 85%. In a purified system FXIIa could activate prothrombin but not FX. Addition of rivaroxaban, a FXa inhibitor, to FXI or FIX-deficient plasma blocked the observed procoagulant effect of FXIIa, suggesting that FXIIa promotes the activation of FX independent of FXI or FIX, but the ability of FXIIa alone to induce coagulation is insufficient in plasma, in vitro. Addition of long polyphosphate (polyP), typically found in bacteria, but not short polyP, which is secreted by activated platelets, decreased the recalcification time of FXI or FIX-deficient plasma. The presence of either corn trypsin inhibitor (CTI), that inhibits FXIIa, or rivaroxaban blocked the procoagulant effect of long polyP, suggesting that the activation of FXII by long polyP promotes coagulation in an FXI- and FIX-independent manner. Addition of CTI or an antibody that inhibits FIX activation by FXIa, but not addition of an antibody that inhibits activation of FXI by FXIIa, increased the time of occlusive thrombus formation in recalcified human blood that was driven through collagen and tissue factor (TF)-coated capillary tubes, consistent with the thrombogenic roles of FXIIa and feedback activation of FXI. Only CTI inhibited the prothrombotic effect of long polyP, also suggesting that FXIIa could be thrombogenic independent of FXI and FIX. In summary, we propose that pathological FXII activation, e.g., by foreign surfaces or long polyP, is thrombogenic both in FXI/FIX-dependent and -independent manners. Provided that FXII has no significant physiological function in humans, our data support the hypothesis that inhibition of FXII activity or activation may have safe antithrombotic effects. Disclosures: Morrissey: No organization, but the speaker is co-inventor on pending patent applications on the medical uses of polyphosphate: Patents & Royalties.
Effects of Mergers and Divestitures on Airline Fares

U.S. antitrust authorities have increasingly forced merging companies to divest assets as a condition for merger approval, with the goal of creating a more competitive postmerger environment. This study examined the effectiveness of this government strategy in the context of the airline industry, in which forced divestitures have occurred in recent consolidations. The study used unique data on assets critical to airport facilities that were involved in the divestitures to document the reallocation of those assets to low-cost carriers. Estimates of the impact of the divestitures on airfares were then calculated. The results show that, at the affected airports, fares for merging carriers fell by 3% and fares for nonmerging carriers fell by 1% relative to airports at which no divestiture occurred. These results provide evidence that the divestiture strategy used by antitrust authorities is effective in this setting in mitigating market power.
Effects of dielectric cladding on si nanophotonics

We discuss effects of dielectric claddings on nanoscale engineered optical nonlinearities for Si nanophotonics applications to modulation and wave mixing of optical fields.
Cardiac preconditioning and cardiovascular diseases

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in the United States. Cardiac preconditioning, an endogenous phenomenon, has been shown to protect the heart from acute myocardial infarction by subjecting it to brief cycles of ischemia and reperfusion. The concept of ischemic preconditioning has led to a group of cardiac conditioning strategies that include preconditioning, postconditioning, and remote conditioning. Other than complete reperfusion, cardiac conditioning is considered the most powerful intervention available for reducing infarct size in animal models and in clinical trials. A comprehensive investigation into the mechanisms underlying cardiac conditioning has led to the identification of several therapeutic targets for pharmacological intervention, including the ATP-dependent potassium channel. Remote cardiac conditioning has garnered a great deal of attention as a noninvasive method to deliver conditioning. Several signaling mechanisms have been investigated, including humoral communication and neuronal stimulation. Although the cardioprotective pathways of remote conditioning are widely studied, the translation to clinical practice has been controversial. Two recent, large, and well-designed clinical trials highlight the challenges of implementing remote conditioning. However, a number of cardioprotective therapies involving conditioning have shown promising results. Future research should continue to explore the potential of remote conditioning.
Structural Determinants Influencing the Potency and Selectivity of Indazole-Paroxetine Hybrid G Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 2 Inhibitors.

G protein–coupled receptor kinases (GRKs) phosphorylate activated receptors to promote arrestin binding, decoupling from heterotrimeric G proteins, and internalization. GRK2 and GRK5 are overexpressed in the failing heart and thus have become therapeutic targets. Previously, we discovered two classes of GRK2-selective inhibitors, one stemming from GSK180736A, a Rho-associated coiled-coil containing kinase 1 (ROCK1) inhibitor, the other from paroxetine, a selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor. These two classes of compounds bind to the GRK2 active site in a similar configuration but contain different hinge-binding “warheads”: indazole and benzodioxole, respectively. We surmised from our prior studies that an indazole would be the stronger hinge binder and would impart increased potency when substituted for benzodioxole in paroxetine derivatives. To test this hypothesis, we synthesized a series of hybrid compounds that allowed us to compare the effects of inhibitors that differ only in the identity of the warhead. The indazole-paroxetine analogs were indeed more potent than their respective benzodioxole derivatives but lost selectivity. To investigate how these two warheads dictate selectivity, we determined the crystal structures of three of the indazole hybrid compounds (CCG224061, CCG257284, and CCG258748) in complex with GRK2–Gβγ. Comparison of these structures with those of analogous benzodioxole-containing complexes confirmed that the indazole-paroxetine hybrids form stronger interactions with the hinge of the kinase but also stabilize a distinct conformation of the kinase domain of GRK2 compared with previous complexes with paroxetine analogs. This conformation is analogous to one that can be assumed by GRK5, at least partially explaining the loss in selectivity.
Optimal control of energy storage under random operation permissions

This article studies the optimal control of energy storage when operations are permitted only at random times. At the arrival of a permission, the storage operator has the option, but not the oblig...
Minimal visual occlusion redundancy resolution of continuum robots in confined spaces

Minimally invasive surgery in confined spaces often requires the coordinated use of endoscopes and surgical tools while minimizing visual occlusions. In a robotic system such visual occlusion avoidance has to be achieved autonomously while keeping the surgical end-effector as close as possible to the center of the field of view of the endoscope. This paper presents an investigation of use of redundancy resolution to solve the problem of visual occlusion. Specifically, the paper addresses hard cases where a continuum robot or an ablation catheter emanate from a narrow access channel containing an endoscope. A redundancy resolution method accounting for the kinematics of the continuum robot and allowing for rotation of an angled lens endoscope is presented. A potential field method is used to guide all portions of the continuum arm outside of the visualization cone of the endoscope and a gradient descent method is used to guide the rotation of the endoscope to keep the end-effector as close as possible to the center of the visual field of the endoscope. A simulation case study demonstrates the utility of our method using a recently designed transurethral bladder cancer surgery system as a demonstration platform. Although the context of the problem is bladder surgery utilizing a continuum robot, the method can be generalized to any redundant robot that requires to accomplish a task with minimal visual occlusion.
Identity, tools and existential spaces

Abstract In this article I investigate the emergence of existential spaces during collaborative team work and learning practice. Within Advanced Heart Failure (AdHF) medical training and care I show how participants engage simultaneously in multiple synchronous activities of patient care and teaching and learning and how they make meaning across these spaces about what it means to be/become a learner, and practitioner - developing practice-linked identities (Nasir & Hand, 2008), as moment-to-moment oscillating synchronous identities. Building on Heidegger’s ontological structures of world and care, I develop an operational definition of existential spaces. In the social context of teaching and learning in practice where asymmetrical power and knowledge distribution situations are in place, it is important to understand how the negotiation of different identities through these spaces can be safely operated to support learners develop practice-linked identities. Through a microethnographic multimodal analysis I make visible at the interactional level the phenomenon of negotiating through these spaces, expanding Heidegger’s concept of breakdown to a social activity initiated in order to teach novel form of practice and to support the Other to safely develop an identity congruent and integrated with others.
Barriers to Safety Event Reporting in an Academic Radiology Department: Authority Gradients and Other Human Factors

The most commonly reported human factor barriers to safety event reporting in an academic radiology department are a high reporting threshold, reluctance to challenge authority, fear of disrespect, and lack of listening.
Bacterial meningitis in infants and children.

Bacterial meningitis of infants and children exact a major toll worldwide.Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae andNeisseria meningitidis continue to be the major causes, and efforts to reduce the incidence of this disease have had limited success. Major advances in rapid diagnosis, such as antigen detection, have occurred over the past several decades; however, Gram stain, cytologic examination and culture of the CSF remain the most reliable means of making an etiologic diagnosis. Despite shifts in bacterial susceptibilities to commonly used antibacterial agents, penicillin, ampicillin and chloramphenicol remain effective therapy for the vast majority of cases, although newer cephalosporin derivatives may be required to avoid the toxicities of chloramphenicol and to effectively treat selected bacteria that have developed resistance to these more classical antibiotics. The prognosis for bacterial meningitis in infants and children remains guarded because of late diagnosis and the severity of the disease. Major reductions in the incidence of the disease will depend on definition of high-risk populations and application of appropriate preventions.
Research on Language Acquisition: Do We Know Where We Are Going?

ABSTRACT A brief historical review and critical evaluation of research approaches to the problem of language acquisition is presented. Major attention is focused upon current psycholinguistic research and the linguistic as well as psychological environment from which it has grown. Research results are summarized which seem to be incompatible with current learning theories. It is concluded that a reorientation toward the field is required to include the mentalistic and rationalistic concepts currently found to be useful in linguistics.
Replay Attack Detection in a Platoon of Connected Vehicles with Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control

Using emerging wireless communication technologies, vehicles can exchange information among each other with the aim of cooperation to improve safety, efficiency and fuel economy of the transportation system. This advancement in technology highlights challenges in designing control systems that are able to deal with an unreliable and a compromised network while guaranteeing stability, safety and reliability of the vehicles: network failures and cyber-attacks could cause loss in performances, vehicle collisions or loss of lives. In this paper, we focus in detecting replay attack in a connected vehicle system under Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control (CACC) where one of the vehicle is affected by a malicious agent which wants to compromise the safety and the performance of the platoon. A decentralized diagnosis algorithm based on noisy control signal methodology and cross correlator is proposed to detect the replay attack. The effectiveness of the overall online algorithm scheme is verified via simulation results, which show that the noisy control signal is not affecting significantly the behavior of the vehicle platoon and that the detection algorithm is able to detect the replay attack even though a tuning of some parameter is needed.
Investigation of the Down-Scaling Effects on the Low Swirl Burner and its Application to Microturbines

About 75% of the electric power generated by centralized power plants feeds the energy needs from the residential and commercial sectors. These power plants waste about 67% of primary energy as heat emitting 2 billion tons of CO2 per year in the process (∼ 38% of total US CO2 generated per year) [1]. A study conducted by the United States Department of Energy indicated that developing small-scale combined heat and power systems to serve the commercial and residential sectors could have a significant impact on both energy savings and CO2 emissions. However, systems of this scale historically suffer from low efficiencies for a variety of reasons. From a combustion perspective, at these small scales, few systems can achieve the balance between low emissions and high efficiencies due in part to the increasing sensitivity of the system to hydrodynamic and heat transfer effects. Addressing the hydrodynamic impact, the effects of downscaling on the flowfield evolution were studied on the low swirl burner (LSB) to understand if it could be adapted to systems at smaller scales. Utilizing particle image velocimetry (PIV), three different swirlers were studied ranging from 12 mm to 25.4 mm representing an output range of less than 1 kW to over 23 kW. Results have shown that the small-scale burners tested exhibited similar flowfield characteristics to their larger-scale counterparts in the non-reacting cases studied. Utilizing this data, as a proof of concept, a 14 mm diameter LSB with an output of 3.33 kW was developed for use in microturbine operating on a recuperated Brayton cycle. Emissions results from this burner proved the feasibility of the system at sufficiently lean mixtures. Furthermore, integration of the newly developed LSB into a can style combustor for a microturbine application was successfully completed and comfortably meet the stringent emissions targets. While the analysis of the non-reacting cases was successful, the reacting cases were less conclusive and further investigation is required to gain an understanding of the flowfield evolution which is the subject of future work.Copyright © 2018 by ASME
East Carolina University clinical experience study: Utilization of liquid biopsy to determine time to diagnosis and treatment in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

e18519Background: There are several technical and biological challenges in utilizing tumor tissue for clinical molecular analyses. Liquid biopsy represents a non-invasive tool which provides us a c...
Laryngeal Vibration Increases Spontaneous Swallowing Rates in Chronic Oropharyngeal Dysphagia: A Proof-of-Principle Pilot Study.

Previously, vibratory stimulation increased spontaneous swallowing rates in healthy volunteers indicating that sensory stimulation excited the neural control of swallowing. Here, we studied patients with severe chronic dysphagia following brain injury or radiation for head and neck cancer to determine if sensory stimulation could excite an impaired swallowing system. We examined (1) if laryngeal vibratory stimulation increased spontaneous swallowing rates over sham (no stimulation); (2) the optimal rate of vibration, device contact pressure, and vibratory mode for increasing swallowing rates; and (3) if vibration altered participants’ urge to swallow, neck comfort, and swallow initiation latency. Vibration was applied to the skin overlying the thyroid lamina bilaterally in thirteen participants to compare vibratory rates 30, 70, 110, 150, or 70 + 110 Hz, different devices to neck pressures (2, 4, or 6 kilopascals), and pulsed versus continuous vibration. Swallows were confirmed from recordings of laryngeal accelerometry and respiratory apneas and viewing neck movement. Participants’ swallowing rates, urge to swallow, discomfort levels, and swallow initiation latencies were measured. Vibration at 70 Hz and at 110 Hz significantly increased swallowing rates over sham. All vibratory frequencies except 70 + 100 Hz increased participants’ urge to swallow, while no pressures or modes were optimal for increasing urge to swallow. No conditions increased discomfort. Vibration did not reduce measures of swallow initiation latency using accelerometry. In conclusion, as non-invasive neck vibration overlying the larynx increased swallowing rates and the urge to swallow without discomfort in patients with chronic dysphagia, the potential for vibratory stimulation facilitating swallowing during dysphagia rehabilitation should be investigated.
Food, Dietetics, and Imperialism

The aim of this chapter is to expose the readers to the concept that we live in a system where food is produced for profit instead of meeting people’s nutrition and health needs and respecting the Earth.
Performance of POLYMER Atmospheric Correction of Ocean Color Imagery in the Presence of Absorbing Aerosols

The atmospheric correction approach currently being used operationally by NASA [termed as NASA standard atmospheric correction (NSAC) approach] to process ocean color data relies on traditional “black pixel” approach, with additional modifications to account for nonnegligible water-leaving radiance in the near-infrared (NIR) bands. The NSAC approach underestimates remote-sensing reflectance ( $R_{\mathrm {rs}}$ , sr−1) in blue wavelengths in the presence of absorbing aerosols. Addressing this issue requires realistic absorbing-aerosol model and knowledge of the vertical distribution of aerosols, which are currently difficult to achieve. An alternative atmospheric correction approach has been evaluated in this paper for Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data. The approach is based on a previously developed spectra-matching optimization [POLYnomial-based approach established for the atmospheric correction of MERIS data (POLYMER)], where polynomial functions are used to express atmospheric contribution to the measured radiance and where a bio-optical model is used to estimate the water contribution. Evaluation against in situ data measured over the regions frequently affected by absorbing aerosols indicates that, compared with the NSAC approach, the POLYMER approach improves the $R_{\mathrm {rs}}$ retrievals in blue wavelengths while having a slightly worse performance in other wavelengths. Evaluation using NSAC-retrieved $R_{\mathrm {rs}}$ in adjacent days free of absorbing aerosols suggests that the POLYMER approach could improve the spectral shape and increase valid spatial coverage. When applied to time-series MODIS data, the POLYMER approach could generate more temporary coherent daily and monthly $R_{\mathrm {rs}}$ patterns than the NSAC approach. These results suggest that the POLYMER approach could be an alternative approach to partly correct for absorbing aerosols in the absence of explicit information on the aerosol type and the vertical distribution.
Case-Based Prediction of Teen Driver Behavior and Skill

Motor vehicle crashes are the leading cause of death for U.S. teens, accounting for more than one in three deaths in this age group and claiming the lives of about eight teenagers a day, according to the 2010 report by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention. In order to inform new training methods and new technology to accelerate learning and reduce teen crash risk, a more complete understanding of this complex driving behavior was needed. In this application paper we present our first step towards deploying case-based techniques to model teenage driver behavior and skill level. Specifically, we present our results in using case-based reasoning (CBR) to model both the vehicle control behavior and the skill proficiency of teen drivers by using data collected in a high-fidelity driving simulator. In particular, we present a new similarity measure to compare behavioral data based on feature selection methods, which achieved good results in predicting behavior and skill.
Orexinergic modulation of serotonin neurons in the dorsal raphe of a diurnal rodent, Arvicanthis niloticus.

Abstract The hypothalamic neuropeptide, orexin (or hypocretin), is implicated in numerous physiology and behavioral functions, including affective states such as depression and anxiety. The underlying mechanisms and neural circuits through which orexin modulates affective responses remain unclear. The objective of the present study was to test the hypothesis that the serotonin (5-HT) system of the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) is a downstream target through which orexin potentially manifests its role in affective states. Using a diurnal rodent, the Nile grass rat (Arvicanthis niloticus), we first characterized the expression of the orexin receptors OX1R and OX2R in the DRN using in situ hybridization. The results revealed distinct distributions of OX1R and OX2R mRNAs, with OX1R predominantly expressed in the dorsal and lateral wings of the DRN that are involved in affective processes, while OX2R was mostly found in the ventral DRN that is more involved in sensory-motor function. We next examined how the orexin-OX1R pathway regulates 5-HT in the DRN and some of its projection sites using a selective OX1R antagonist SB-334867 (10 mg/kg, i.p.). A single injection of SB-334867 decreased 5-HT-ir fibers within the anterior cingulate cortex (aCgC); five once-daily administrations of SB-334867 decreased 5-HT-ir not only in the aCgC but also in the DRN, oval bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (ovBNST), nucleus accumbens shell (NAcSh), and periaqueductal gray (PAG). HPLC analysis revealed that five once-daily administrations of SB-334867 did not affect 5-HT turnover to any of the five sites, although it increased the levels of both 5-HT and 5-HIAA in the NAcSh. These results together suggest that orexinergic modulation of DRN 5-HT neurons via OX1Rs may be one pathway through which orexin regulates mood and anxiety, as well as perhaps other neurobiological processes.
A Meta-Analysis of Neuropsychological Functioning in the Logopenic Variant of Primary Progressive Aphasia: Comparison with the Semantic and Non-Fluent Variants.

Objectives The logopenic variant of primary progressive aphasia (lvPPA) has disparate pathological and anatomical features when compared to the semantic (svPPA) and non-fluent (nfvPPA) variants of PPA. As such, there is increasing need for measures that improve diagnostic accuracy particularly when etiology-specific treatments become available. In the current study, we used meta-analytic methods to establish the neuropsychological profile of lvPPA and compare it to recent findings in svPPA and nfvPPA. Methods We extracted neuropsychological data from 51 publications representing 663 lvPPA patients and 1379 controls. We calculated Hedges' g effect sizes for nine domains of neuropsychological functioning in lvPPA and assessed the influence of demographic, disease, and task characteristics on effect size magnitude. Results obtained in lvPPA were compared to findings in svPPA and nfvPPA. Results In lvPPA, the magnitude of deficits in attention, math, visuospatial memory, and executive functioning were as prominent as language deficits. Within the language domain, lvPPA patients demonstrated greater naming than repetition deficits. Compared to svPPA and nfvPPA, lvPPA patients demonstrated greater neuropsychological deficits overall and greater impairment on attention, math, and visual set-shifting tests. Conclusions Tests of attention, delayed visuospatial memory, visual set-shifting, and math distinguish lvPPA from svPPA and nfvPPA likely reflecting the posterior temporoparietal atrophy observed early in the course of lvPPA. These findings support the inclusion of these measures in the clinical neuropsychological assessment of lvPPA and underscore the need for additional clinicopathological and longitudinal studies of arithmetic and visuospatial memory across the PPA variants.
Two-component pulse in uniaxial media

A theory of self-induced transparency (SIT) for the two-component pulse in anisotropic uniaxial media is developed. The system of equations of SIT for extraordinary wave in uniaxial media by means of generalized reduction perturbation method is reduced to the coupled nonlinear Schrodinger equations for auxiliary functions. It is shown that in the theory of SIT, the second derivatives play a significant role that leads to the formation of a vector 0π pulse oscillating with the sum and difference of the frequencies. Explicit analytical expressions for the profile and parameters of the two-component nonlinear wave are presented. It is obtained along with scalar 2π pulse, the vector 0π pulse is also the basic pulse of SIT. The conditions for existence of the nonlinear extraordinary wave depend on the direction of propagation.