cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Anomalous bodily experiences and perceived social isolation in schizophrenia: An extension of the Social Deafferentation Hypothesis.

Abstract Background Disturbances of the bodily self are fundamental to the phenomenological experience of individuals with schizophrenia, a population at risk for social isolation. Both proprioception and exteroception contribute to a sense of consistent body boundary that contains the self across time and space, and this process is influenced by self-other (social) interactions. However, the relationship between social isolation, exteroception, and in-the-moment changes in body representation has not been elucidated. We investigated susceptibility to anomalous bodily experiences with a phantom nose induction procedure that elicits a sensation that one's nose is changing (Pinocchio Illusion: PI) in relation to exteroceptive awareness and social isolation. Methods 25 individuals with schizophrenia (SZ) and 15 matched controls (CO) participated in a PI induction procedure to quantify susceptibility to bodily aberrations and a tactile discrimination task to assess exteroception. Clinical symptoms in SZ and schizotypy in CO were assessed, in addition to a self-report measure of perceived social isolation. Results Compared to CO, SZ showed increased PI and impaired tactile discriminability. SZ reported greater loneliness than CO. PI scores were correlated with increased loneliness and decreased tactile discriminability. Conclusions Greater susceptibility to anomalous bodily experiences, together with reduced exteroceptive awareness and increased loneliness, is compatible with the framework of Hoffman's Social Deafferentation Hypothesis, which posits that a functional “amputation” from one's social environment could lead to a reorganization of the social brain network, resulting in hallucinations and delusions. These findings underscore the importance of the relationship between social isolation and self-disturbances in schizophrenia.
Particulate accumulations in the vital organs of wild Brevoortia patronus from the northern Gulf of Mexico after the Deepwater Horizon oil spill

Histopathologic lesions were observed in the commercially important filter-feeding fish, Brevoortia patronus (Gulf menhaden), along the Louisiana Gulf Coast. Menhaden collected from Louisiana waters in 2011 and 2012, 1 and 2 years following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, showed varying severities of gill lesions as well as an unusual accumulation of black particulates visible at necropsy in the heart and stomach vasculature. The PAH derived particulates were typically 1–4 µm in diameter, but larger aggregates were observed in the coronary vessels on the ventricle surfaces and their location and size was confirmed by light microscopy. Composited particulate composition was consistent with weathered petrogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) mixtures based on GC–MS analysis. Particulates were present in 63 and 80 % of fish hearts and 70 and 89 % of stomach muscularis collected in 2011 and 2012, respectively. Tissue embedded particulates can lead to localized cellular damage from bioavailable compounds, as well as chronic effects from occlusion of sensitive tissues’ blood flow. The PAH derived particulates appeared to act as emboli in small capillaries, and could associated with localized inflammation, focal necrosis and inappropriate collagen and fibroblast tissue repair. We believe large volume filter feeding teleosts, such as menhaden (up to 3 million gallons per year/fish) with high lipid content, have a higher exposure risk and greater potential for toxicity from toxic particulates than other higher trophic level finfish. Suspended PAH derived particulates following an oil spill therefore, should be considered when assessing long-term ecological impacts and not be limited to physical contact (coating) or water soluble fractions for assessing toxicity (gill and neurologic).
An uncommon complication of a common clinical scenario: exploring reexpansion pulmonary edema with a case report and literature review

Reexpansion pulmonary edema (RPE) is a rare complication that can occur after rapid reinflation of the lung following thoracentesis of a pleural effusion or chest tube drainage of pneumothorax. The severity in clinical presentation can be widely varied from radiographic changes only to rapidly progressive respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation. The quick nature of onset and potential for serious decline in a previously stable patient makes it important to prepare, recognize, diagnose, and appropriately manage patients who develop RPE. The standard treatment for RPE consists of supportive care, and there are certain measures that may be taken to reduce the risk, including limiting the amount drained and avoiding excessive negative pleural pressure. Exactly how to prevent RPE remains unclear, however, and varying recommendations exist. This is a case report of RPE after thoracentesis for a pleural effusion and a brief review of literature to date, including potential preventative strategies.
Submodular optimization with routing constraints

Submodular optimization, particularly under cardinality or cost constraints, has received considerable attention, stemming from its breadth of application, ranging from sensor placement to targeted marketing. However, the constraints faced in many real domains are more complex. We investigate an important and very general class of problems of maximizing a submodular function subject to general cost constraints, especially focusing on costs coming from route planning. Canonical problems that motivate our framework include mobile robotic sensing, and door-to-door marketing. We propose a generalized cost-benefit (GCB) greedy algorithm for our problem, and prove bi-criterion approximation guarantees under significantly weaker assumptions than those in related literature. Experimental evaluation on realistic mobile sensing and door-to-door marketing problems, as well as using simulated networks, show that our algorithm achieves significantly higher utility than state-of-the-art alternatives, and has either lower or competitive running time.
Intrinsic structure study of whale vocalizations

Whale vocalizations can be modeled as polynomial-phase signals, which are widely used in radar and sonar applications. Such signals lie on a nonlinear manifold parameterized by polynomial phase coefficients. In this paper, we apply manifold learning methods, in particular ISOMAP and Laplacian Eigenmap, to examine the underlying geometric structure of whale vocalizations. We can improve the classification accuracy by using the intrinsic structure of whale vocalizations. Our experiments on the DCLDE conference and MobySound data show that manifold learning methods such as ISOMAP and Laplacian eigenmap outperform linear dimension reduction methods such as Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Multidimensional Scaling (MDS).
Reliability characterization of SiON and MGHK MOSFETs using flicker noise and its correlation with the bias temperature instability

Abstract Bias temperature instability (BTI) is one of the critical device degradation mechanisms in poly-Si/SiON and metal gate/high- k complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technologies. Using the pre- and post-BTI flicker noise measurements, we investigated the bulk trap density, N t, in both of these technologies. The low-frequency noise spectra were predominantly of 1/f γ type with γ TH degradation due to PBTI was noticed while considerable V TH degradation was observed for NBTI in both SiON and MGHK technologies. Both MGHK and SiON pFETs show a clear increase in the effective volume trap density, N t , after NBTI. The increase in N t in MGHK n-MOSFETs during PBTI is markedly higher than that in MGHK p-MOSFETs during NBTI.
The Seasonal Abundance and Distribution of the Bivalve Lyonsia hyalina (Anomalodesmata: Pandoracea) on a Disturbed New England Mudflat

We investigated a casually recognized pattern of seasonal abundance exhibited by a population of the simultaneously hermaphroditic anomalodesmatid bivalve Lyonsia hyalina (Glassy Lysonia) at Bluff Hill Cove, Galilee, RI, and quantified the distribution of these intertidal to subtidal individuals from June 1993 through April 1994. Density in late spring averaged less than 2 individuals m-2 and was followed by a summer explosion of up to 200 individuals m-2 in localized areas, with an observed patchy distribution. A subsequent massive autumn mortality occurred, when the population returned to the previous low numbers. We propose several factors including predation, reduced temperature, and natural senescence as causes of the autumnal decline.
Examination of propeller sound production using large eddy simulation

Results of a high-fidelity large eddy simulation are used to compute the far-field sound that results from the unsteady loading of a propeller operating at design condition. High levels of unsteadiness at the blade tip account for the majority of far-field sound.
Selecting candidates for pharmacy residencies: A national survey of residency program directors.

WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE Due to advances in healthcare and treatment options, there is a need for pharmacists with additional post-graduate residency training. With the growing need for residency-trained pharmacists, obtaining a post-graduate pharmacy residency has become more competitive. The objective of this study was to capture the perspectives of post-graduate year 1 residency programme directors (RPDs) in the United States (US) regarding aspects of a candidate's application and interview they found most important when selecting future residents. METHODS A cross-sectional, electronic survey was distributed via e-mail to PGY-1 pharmacy RPDs in the USA. RPDs were identified via the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists' pharmacy residency directory. Data related to programme demographics, candidate applications and interview evaluations were collected. RPDs' perceptions were captured via a 5-point Likert scale (1 = strongly disagree; 5 = strongly agree). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION A total of 327 (26.6%) RPDs completed the survey. RPDs highly considered overall compatibility (mean Likert score: 4.9), letters of recommendation (4.6) and letter of interest (4.5) when inviting candidates for on-site interviews. Residency programmes focusing in acute care valued hospital pharmacy work experience more compared to non-acute care-focused residency programmes (4.2 vs 2.9). During the interview, critical thinking ability (4.8), verbal communication (4.8) and overall compatibility (4.9) were viewed as highly important when considering ranking of candidates. WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION Due to the competitive nature of obtaining a residency programme, insight from RPDs on factors they consider significant when assessing prospective residents is valuable. The results from this study show that a strong letter of intent, letters of recommendations and overall compatibility are considered important by RPDs and should be used by candidates to better prepare themselves for residency applications. Additionally, the candidate should remain knowledgeable about the residency programme and be able to respond to questions asked during the residency interview process.
Ringermute: An Audio Data Mining Toolkit.

This paper presents Ringermute, an application designed to support audio feature recognition and machine learning, from the training and testing to the deployment phase. By choosing from a combination of feature extraction routines provided by plug-ins, a researcher can quickly produce files for input to standard data mining tools. The best combination of feature-extraction and classifier plugins can then be used to drive a near-realtime application for further testing or production use.
Circulation Patterns in Upwelling Regimes

Measurements of currents from over the continental margin off Oregon (45°N), northwest Africa (22°N) and Peru (15°S) are used to examine the circulation pattern in coastal upwelling regions. The three regions differ in latitude, in stratification, in the bathymetry of the shelf and slope, and in the strength and variability of the wind that drives the coastal upwelling. The mean wind during the observation periods (each about 50 days) was favorable for upwelling and the mean Ekman transport computed from the wind agrees, within a factor of two, with the mean offshore transport measured in the surface layer. However, the onshore flow in the lower layer does not balance the offshore flow in the surface layer on either the mean or “event” time scale. One concludes that the upwelling process is essentially three dimensional, and upwelling ‘centers’ may develop.
The importance of transport to ozone pollution in the U.S. Mid-Atlantic

Abstract The U.S. Mid-Atlantic region is affected by transport of ozone and its precursors from upwind states and therefore local emission-reduction strategies are not necessarily the most effective to reach attainment. In this study, we conduct a comprehensive modeling effort with two photochemical models recommended by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency – the Community Multiscale Air Quality Model (CMAQ) and the Comprehensive Air Quality Model with Extensions (CAMx) – inclusive of source apportionment and localized emission reductions, to study the extent of ozone precursor transport in the Mid-Atlantic and the efficacy of emission-reduction strategies, with a focus on Delaware. Delaware is a small state in the Mid-Atlantic region that is in nonattainment of the 2015 national 8-h ozone standard (0.070 ppm) despite its relatively low local emissions, thus it is an ideal test case to study transport. We found that in Delaware: 1) reducing local emissions of NOx and VOC by 20% is minimally effective; 2) the same emission reduction in each of five upwind states individually lowers ozone but not sufficiently to reach attainment; 3) only a consorted effort by the five upwind states together can lower Delaware ozone significantly; and 4) the emission reduction needed by the five states together is approximately 10%, half that of each individual state. This suggests that coordinated efforts and long-term, multi-state strategies are necessary to protect air quality in the Mid-Atlantic.
Tracking progress on the economic costs of disasters under the indicators of the sustainable development goals

ABSTRACTThe Sustainable Development Goals indicator framework identifies as an indicator of progress the objective of reducing disaster losses as a proportion of global gross domestic product. This...
Engineered PPR proteins as inducible switches to activate the expression of chloroplast transgenes

The engineering of plant genomes presents exciting opportunities to modify agronomic traits and to produce high-value products in plants. Expression of foreign proteins from transgenes in the chloroplast genome offers advantages that include the capacity for prodigious protein output, the lack of transgene silencing and the ability to express multicomponent pathways from polycistronic mRNA. However, there remains a need for robust methods to regulate plastid transgene expression. We designed orthogonal activators that boost the expression of chloroplast transgenes harbouring cognate cis-elements. Our system exploits the programmable RNA sequence specificity of pentatricopeptide repeat proteins and their native functions as activators of chloroplast gene expression. When expressed from nuclear transgenes, the engineered proteins stimulate the expression of plastid transgenes by up to ~40-fold, with maximal protein abundance approaching that of Rubisco. This strategy provides a means to regulate and optimize the expression of foreign genes in chloroplasts and to avoid deleterious effects of their products on plant growth. A study used engineered, nuclear-expressed pentatricopeptide repeat proteins with programmable RNA sequence specificity to boost the expression of chloroplast transgenes harbouring cognate cis-elements, providing a method for regulating plastid transgene expression.
Standards and Certifications (Part 1 of 2): The Role of the Public-Private Partnership

This chapter presents an overview of the standards and certifications which are different from, but support, laws and regulations that apply to food fraud. This is not intended to be a deep dive into the exact specifications but to provide an overview of the organizations, their missions, their scopes, and the general concepts they address. There will be a deeper dive into the Global Food Safety Initiative (GFSI) requirements since they provide broad direction and foundation setting.
Feeding ecology of Limnocalanus macrurus in the Laurentian Great Lakes

Abstract The zooplankton communities of several Laurentian Great Lakes have shifted toward greater biomass of calanoid copepods, particularly Limnocalanus macrurus, since the 1990s. Limnocalanus is an omnivore that feeds on large phytoplankton cells, ciliates, rotifers, and small crustacean zooplankton, especially copepod nauplii, and it may be an increasingly important zooplanktivore in these systems. Although there is previous research examining Limnocalanus predation rates on nauplii, we do not know if the presence of phytoplankton affects predation rates. Our initial experiments confirmed Limnocalanus preference for nauplii over small copepodites. Additional experiments showed that Limnocalanus feeding rates on nauplii decreased by 50% at the highest phytoplankton concentrations tested. Limnocalanus fed more on the larger algae tested (Cryptomonas, Cryptophyta, 40 µm) than on the smaller taxa (Scenedesmus, Chlorophyta, 10 µm). We used stable isotope analysis to infer Limnocalanus trophic position in the five Laurentian Great Lakes by comparing Limnocalanus with simultaneously captured Leptodiaptomus sicilis, another calanoid copepod known to feed on phytoplankton and microzooplankton. This analysis showed Limnocalanus at higher trophic positions in the more oligotrophic lakes Huron, Michigan, and Superior than in lakes Ontario and Erie. Summer Limnocalanus trophic position was inversely related to both the site-specific concentration of algae in the deep chlorophyll layer and a trophic state index based on spring chlorophyll and total phosphorus. Our results indicate that predation by Limnocalanus on zooplankton depends on lake algal abundance, and that feeding rates on nauplii by an individual Limnocalanus adult are likely higher in the more oligotrophic lakes.
The influence of the stratospheric Quasi-Biennial Oscillation on trace gas levels at the Earth's surface

The Quasi-Biennial Oscillation (QBO) of tropical zonal wind is one of the most important modes of interannual variability in the stratosphere. It is well established that the QBO influences the distribution of trace gases throughout the global stratosphere. What has not been clearly shown thus far is whether the stratospheric QBO has a consistent and significant impact on tropospheric trace gases. Here we clearly demonstrate that the effects of QBO variability in stratospheric transport and trace gas distributions regularly and persistently extend into the troposphere, which influences the interannual variability of long-lived trace gas mole fractions at the Earth’s surface. We show that the variability in the surface mole fractions on one- to five-year timescales is primarily driven by the QBO. The QBO influence on tropospheric constituent mole fractions arises from the modulation of the stratosphere to troposphere mass flux and is apparent in surface measurements, as well as throughout the stratosphere and troposphere in chemistry–climate model simulations of chlorofluorocarbon-11, chlorofluorocarbon-12 and nitrous oxide. The global total emissions estimated from measured changes in the global mean surface mole fractions of these ozone-depleting species, as well as other long-lived trace gases, will be improved by accurately accounting for the QBO-driven variability. Interannual variations of long-lived trace gas mole fractions at the Earth’s surface are primarily driven by the stratospheric Quasi-Biennial Oscillation, according to surface measurements and model simulations. Ignoring this variability may induce errors in estimating emissions of trace gases.
Current Limiting and Torque Pulsation Reduction of the Induction Motors

A three-phase induction motor has high initial torque pulsation and high inrush current when it is directly connected to the grid. To mitigate these initial high torque pulsation and peak current, a soft starting method can be used. Starting the motor with a soft starter increases the voltage supplied to the induction motor terminal gradually. A three-phase back-to-back thyristor-based rectifier is usually used to apply a controlled voltage to the induction motor by controlling the firing angle of the thyristors. This paper proposes a new control algorithm to reduce the initial torque pulsation and high inrush current by exponentially decreasing the firing angle. In the proposed algorithm, two different modes of the firing angle control are studied: mode I is the controller without current limit, and mode II is the controller with current limit. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed control algorithms, the simulation case studies are performed in MATLAB/Simulink and control hardware-in-the-loop results are obtained via OPAL-RT.
How Accurate Is 3-Dimensional Computer-Assisted Planning for Segmental Maxillary Surgery?

Purpose The 3-dimensional (3D) accuracy of computer-assisted planning (CAP) of segmental maxillary osteotomies has seldom been reported with a comprehensive 3D analysis. The aim of the present study was to measure the accuracy of computer-planned segmental maxillary surgery and to identify the factors associated with accuracy. Materials and Methods The present retrospective, cross-sectional study investigated cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of patients who had undergone segmental maxillary osteotomy with CAP at a single center from January 2013 to October 2019. The predictor variables were age, gender, diagnosis, CAP method, type of maxillary segmentalization, surgeon, surgical sequence, and magnitude of planned and actual movements. The primary outcome variable was surgical discrepancy (linear differences between the actual and planned maxillary movements using CAP in the x, y, and z coordinates) at various 3D landmarks. The mean difference and absolute mean difference (AMD) were computed to estimate the direction and magnitude of the discrepancies. In addition, a 2.0-mm threshold of surgical discrepancy was used to determine clinically acceptable accuracy. The association between the predictor and outcome variables were analyzed statistically using correlation and regression analyses. Results The sample included 63 patients (mean age, 20.1 years; 42.9% male). The surgical discrepancy was similar for 2- and 3-piece segmental maxillary osteotomies. Overall, the AMD for all patients was 0.96 ± 0.69 mm transversely, 1.23 ± 0.83 mm vertically, and 1.16 ± 0.80 mm anteroposteriorly (P Conclusions 3D CAP showed clinically acceptable accuracy for segmental maxillary osteotomies comparable to that of nonsegmental cases. Although the magnitude of actual surgical movements was shown to affect surgical accuracy, the sources of surgical discrepancies requires further investigation.
HPV/p16-positive oropharyngeal cancer treated with transoral robotic surgery: The roles of margins, extra-nodal extension and adjuvant treatment.

Abstract Purpose Human papilloma virus (HPV)-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) treatment outcomes are re-defining management. Traditional margins, the role of extranodal extension (ENE) and adjuvant treatment intensity continue to be debated. This study aimed to determine the impact of margins, ENE and adjuvant therapy on survival following transoral robotic surgery (TORS). Methods Patients treated with TORS at an academic center were retrospectively identified (2013–2019). Survival outcomes were evaluated using Kaplan-Meier curves. Results 48 patients were included. 40 (83%) were male. Mean age was 61.2 years. 43 (90%) were stage I. 22 (45.8%) had ENE. 31 (65%) had margins >1 mm. 38 (79%) had indications for radiation therapy; 9 (24%) refused. Chemotherapy was recommended in 36 (75%) patients; 24 (67%) refused. Locoregional control was 98%, metastasis-free survival was 96%, and disease-specific survival was 100% at 5-years. Overall survival was 95%. Conclusions Given the high survival rate seen after TORS, it is likely that margins, ENE and adjuvant treatment may not significantly contribute to outcomes.
A Perspective of Lignin Processing and Utilization Technologies for Composites and Plastics with Emphasis on Technical and Market Trends

This effort is focused on work completed publicly and privately within academic research and industrial sectors on the utilization of lignin to produce thermosets, thermoplastics, foams, hydrogels, and rubbers. The size of the plastics market and the current and projected influence of lignin on it were evaluated. Further, an analysis of patent activity was employed to show the direction of and interest for lignin in these markets. The market trends documented in the literature, when coupled with detailed patent research, offer a new approach to evaluate potential markets and future directions. The analysis of the commercial market sizes of bioplastics and segmentation showed low penetration of actual lignin-based bioplastics. This exposed the contradiction between the abundance of technologies for lignin-based materials and their little practical use. In addition, this finding highlighted a severe gap between lignin research and development and the actual market.
Scenario-Dependent ZUPT-Aided Pedestrian Inertial Navigation with Sensor Fusion

Pedestrian navigation has been of high interest in many fields, such as human health monitoring, personal indoor navigation, and localization systems for first responders. Due to the potentially complicated navigation environment, selfcontained types of navigation such as inertial navigation, which do not depend on external signals, are more desirable. Pure inertial navigation, however, suffers from sensor noise and drifts and therefore is not suitable for long-term pedestrian navigation by itself. Zero-velocity update (ZUPT) aiding technique has been developed to limit the navigation error growth, but adaptivity of algorithms, model fidelity, and system robustness have been major a concern if not properly addressed. In this paper, we attempt to establish a common approach to solve the problem of self-contained pedestrian navigation by identifying the critical parts of the algorithm that have a strong influence on the overall performance. We first review approaches to improve the navigation accuracy in each of the critical part of implementation proposed by other groups. Then, we report our results on analytical estimations and experiments illustrating effects of combining inertial sensor calibration, stance phase detection, adaptive model selection, and sensor fusion.
Heparin for Vertebral Intraluminal Thrombus Causing Retroperitoneal Hemorrhage from Occult Renal Angiomyolipoma

Stroke is a common cause of mortality and serious long-term disability worldwide. In the acute setting, current American Heart Association/American Stroke Association guidelines do not recommend routine anticoagulation for the management of acute ischemic strokes. However, short-term use of unfractionated heparin (UFH) in select subpopulations has demonstrated improved outcomes. While tools such as CHADSVASC and HASBLED scores are useful in stratifying risk of long-term anticoagulation in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation and additional risk factors, the carefully selected patient populations for the design of these studies do not account for risk of hemorrhage from other preexisting conditions. Here, we present a patient with a posterior circulation intraluminal thrombus treated with UFH, who manifested with a near-fatal intra-abdominal hemorrhage from a previously undetected renal angiomyolipoma (AML).
Childhood in social learning models with changing environments: Implications for human evolution.

Abstract Childhood is a time of learning, both individually and through social interactions. But the vulnerability inherent in childhood represents a fitness cost: individuals do not have progeny during childhood, and childhood is a net drain of familial or group resources. In this study we model childhood in resource acquisition scenarios where social learning through observation competes with learning through innovation across multiple generations in a variety of environments. In general, observing others allows useful knowledge to be gained more efficiently than self-exploration and may result in significantly greater resource acquisition. However, social learning needing a lengthy childhood to develop advanced cognitive ability may offset the net fitness advantage that might otherwise be gained. Through simulations we demonstrate that individuals with a substantial childhood burden acquire more lifetime resources by observing others than do individuals with negligible childhood costs using self-exploration, as long as the environment is fairly stable. This advantage decreases as the environment becomes less predictable, and reverses in rapidly changing environments where knowledge is unreliable. These results suggest that hominid evolution, with vastly growing cognitive abilities and a longer, more vulnerable childhood, may have been facilitated in similarly stable environments. On the other hand, hominid populations may have been particularly vulnerable to environmental instability. We apply this insight to the Out of Africa Homo sapiens migration roughly 50,000 years ago and show consistency with the serial founder model that best fits current archeological and genetic evidence. Our findings are important for models of social learning, especially those that describe the emergence and spread of Homo sapiens.
Derivation of the Plane Stress Problem

Purpose of Lesson To derive the governing differential equations and associated boundary conditions for the two-dimensional plane stress problem by applying the principle of minimum potential energy and the techniques of variational calculus to the potential energy functional.
The Announcement and Long-Term Effects of Hiring a Management Consulting Firm

Despite the prominence of management consulting firms, there is little systematic evidence in the finance and economic literature of their impact on corporate performance. This paper assembles a unique dataset of companies that announce their relationships with a management consulting firm between 1991 and 2001. Stock returns fall by an average of 4.3 percentage points relative to the market when an announcement is made. The median price drop is 1.6 percentage points. In a longer-term analysis, the intercepts from a Fama-French four-factor model show that announcing companies earn negative risk adjusted returns prior to their announcements. Risk adjusted returns are significantly higher after the announcement, with the total risk adjusted return peaking at 1.3 percentage points per month approximately three years after the announcement. In addition, we show that the companies that announce a relationship with a management consultant tend to under perform their competitors before hiring and then begin to outperform them after two years. Average employment growth turns sharply negative in the years following the announcement; however, the positive risk-adjusted returns are only weakly correlated with employment contractions in the cross-section of announcement companies.
Learning Game-Specific Spatially-Oriented Heuristics

This paper describes an architecture that begins with enough general knowledge to play any board game as a novice, and then shifts its decision-making emphasis to learned, game-specific, spatially-oriented heuristics. From its playing experience, it acquires game-specific knowledge about both patterns and spatial concepts. The latter are proceduralized as learned, spatially-oriented heuristics. These heuristics represent a new level of feature aggregation that effectively focuses the program‘s attention. While training against an external expert, the program integrates these heuristics robustly. After training it exhibits both a new emphasis on spatially-oriented play and the ability to respond to novel situations in a spatially-oriented manner. This significantly improves performance against a variety of opponents. In addition, we address the issue of context on pattern learning. The procedures described here move toward learning spatially-oriented heuristics for autonomous programs in other spatial domains.
Influence of Serum and Calcium on the Bactericidal Activity of Gentamicin and Carbenicillin on Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Because calcium was found to be antagonistic in vitro to the activity of colistin and polymyxin B on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the effects of calcium and serum on gentamicin and carbenicillin were also examined. Serum was antagonistic to gentamicin in antibiotic tube dilution tests on five strains of P. aeruginosa. Serum was not antagonistic to carbenicillin in tube dilution tests. Physiologic concentrations of calcium antagonized the activity of gentamicin but not carbenicillin. The antagonism observed with gentamicin was less than that previously seen with colistin. The antagonistic effect of calcium and serum was removed by a chelating agent. Gentamicin and carbenicillin may be more active in vivo against P. aeruginosa than colistin or polymyxin B.
Reactivity of adsorbates in the decomposition of nitric oxide over Cu-ZSM-5 catalysts

Reactivity of adsorbates and their pathways during NO temperature-programmed reaction and desorption on Cu-ZSM-5 have been investigated by in situ infrared spectroscopy combined with mass spectrometry. The study reveals strong dependence of reactivity of adsorbates on reaction environment. During NO temperature-programmed desorption (TPD), the major adsorbate is bridged nitrate which decomposes to NO, N 2 O, and O 2 , leaving a portion of oxygen on the catalyst surface. The presence of gaseous NO in reaction environment lowers the temperature for N 2 O formation and increases the temperature for NO 2 and O 2 formation. Simultaneous measurement of concentration of both adsorbates and gaseous products reveals the absence of the relationship between the reactivity of the dinitrosyl species, Cu + (NO) 2 , and the rate of N 2 O formation, indicating the Cu + (NO) 2 is not a precursor for N 2 O formation
Object-oriented thermal placement using an accurate heat model

An MCM's increased throughput and dense circuitry can easily result in failure if the board contains "hot spots". Therefore, an accurate thermal model of an MCM was needed in the development of a new placement algorithm designed to consider both total net length and heat constraints. This algorithm uses a combination of simulated evolution and simulated annealing in an iterative approach. The fitness method evaluates the maximum heat for each chip, considering the chip's own heat and the heat from surrounding chips at its hottest point. Results are shown and comparisons are drawn to other placement algorithms.
Global Gene Expression Profiling in Omental Adipose Tissue of Morbidly Obese Diabetic African Americans

Background: Adipose tissues play an important role in the pathophysiology of obesity-related diseases including type 2 diabetes (T2D). To describe gene expression patterns and functional pathways in obesity-related T2D, we performed global transcript profiling of omental adipose tissue (OAT) in morbidly obese individuals with or without T2D. Methods: Twenty morbidly obese (mean BMI: about 54 kg/m 2 ) subjects were studied, including 14 morbidly obese individuals with T2D (cases) and six morbidly obese individuals without T2D (reference group). Gene expression profiling was performed using the Affymetrix U133 Plus 2.0 human genome expression array. Analysis of covariance was performed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Bioinformatics tools including PANTHER and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) were applied to the DEGs to determine biological functions, networks and canonical pathways that were overrepresented in these individuals. Results: At an absolute fold change threshold of 2 and false discovery rate (FDR) of < 0.05, 68 DEGs were identified in cases compared to the reference group. Myosin X (MYO10) and transforming growth factor beta regulator 1 (TBRG1) were upregulated. MYO10 encodes for an actin-based motor protein that has been associated with T2D. Telomere extension by telomerase ( HNRNPA1, TNKS2 ), D-myo-inositol (1,4,5)-trisphosphate biosynthesis (PIP5K1A, PIP4K2A), and regulation of actin-based motility by Rho (ARPC3) were the most significant canonical pathways and overlay with T2D signaling pathway. Upstream regulator analysis predicted five miRNAs (miR-320b, miR-381-3p, miR-3679-3p, miR-494-3p, and miR-141-3p), as regulators of the expression changes identified. Conclusion: This study identified a number of transcripts and miRNAs in OAT as candidate novel players in the pathophysiology of T2D in African Americans. J Endocrinol Metab. 2015;5(3):199-210 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.14740/jem286w
The Advantage of Abstract Examples in Learning Math

Undergraduate students may benefit more from learning mathematics through a single abstract, symbolic representation than from learning multiple concrete examples.
Creating Personally Identifiable Honeytokens

In this paper, a method for creating digital honeytokens consisting of personal information such as names, addresses, telephone numbers and social security numbers is designed and evaluated. We show that these honeytokens can add to the security of digital data by allowing better identification of individuals who are misusing or inappropriately copying personally identifying information. No program currently exists publically to create personally identifying honeytokens; we will show how the design we’ve proposed will fill this void and be another good tool for the computer security engineer and a vast improvement over previous naive and manual methods of generating fake identifying information. The main contribution of this work is a new and innovative program to produce PII honeytokens, a description of where they can be deployed, and an analysis that shows they appear realistic.
Clinical Features of Mild Cognitive Impairment of the Cerebrovascular Type (MCI-CVD) (P3.200)

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical features of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in subjects with high (MCI-CVD) and low (MCI-AD) cerebrovascular disease (CVD) burden on brain imaging. BACKGROUND: While MCI has historically been considered a predementia form of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the diagnosis now includes multiple types of MCI with the intent of distinguishing different pathological disease states at the earliest signs of cognitive decline. Available data support this diagnostic algorithm for distinguishing MCI-AD from MCI due to early Lewy body disease and frontotemporal dementia. The utility of this algorithm in distinguishing MCI-CVD from MCI-AD is unclear, despite the recognition that CVD may be more prevalent than AD as a cause for dementia in the population at large. DESIGN/METHODS: Case-control study of Alzheimer’s Disease Center cohort subjects with MCI that have either low (n=43) or high (n=45) CVD burden on brain imaging. Standard statistical methods were used to evaluate demographic, clinical, and genetic features of MCI-CVD. RESULTS: Subjects with MCI-CVD were older (83.1 ± 6.3 vs. 74.8 ± 9.7, p<0.001), had more advanced cerebral atrophy (p<0.001, which remained significant when analyzing only those between ages 70-80 years to account for age related effects on atrophy), and were more likely to carry an ApoE e2 allele (20.0 vs. 4.7%). Each CVD risk (history of hypertension, smoking (pack-years), MI, atrial fibrillation, PVD, TIA, stroke)independently increased the odds ratio of MCI-CVD vs. MCI-AD (OR = 2.09, 1.21 - 3.59) even after adjustment for age differences in the groups. Neurologic exam findings and an extensive battery of neuropsychological tests were unable to distinguish MCI-CVD from MCI-AD in this cohort. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that: 1) CVD is a prominent cause/contributor to MCI in community-based populations, 2) premortem identification of MCI-CVD rests on history of CVD risk factors and brain imaging, 3) standard neurological/neuropsychological examination cannot distinguish MCI-CVD from MCI-AD. Study Supported by: NIH P30AG028383 & R01NS014189 Disclosure: Dr. Jicha has received personal compensation for activities with Quintiles. Dr. Jicha has received research support from Alltech, Baxter, Eli Lilly & Co., Janssen, and Pfizer Inc. Dr. Hench has nothing to disclose. Dr. Moser has nothing to disclose. Dr. Abner has nothing to disclose.
Parallel nanomanufacturing via electrohydrodynamic jetting from microfabricated externally-fed emitter arrays.

We report the design, fabrication, and characterization of planar arrays of externally-fed silicon electrospinning emitters for high-throughput generation of polymer nanofibers. Arrays with as many as 225 emitters and with emitter density as large as 100 emitters cm−2 were characterized using a solution of dissolved PEO in water and ethanol. Devices with emitter density as high as 25 emitters cm−2 deposit uniform imprints comprising fibers with diameters on the order of a few hundred nanometers. Mass flux rates as high as 417 g hr−1 m−2 were measured, i.e., four times the reported production rate of the leading commercial free-surface electrospinning sources. Throughput increases with increasing array size at constant emitter density, suggesting the design can be scaled up with no loss of productivity. Devices with emitter density equal to 100 emitters cm−2 fail to generate fibers but uniformly generate electrosprayed droplets. For the arrays tested, the largest measured mass flux resulted from arrays with larger emitter separation operating at larger bias voltages, indicating the strong influence of electrical field enhancement on the performance of the devices. Incorporation of a ground electrode surrounding the array tips helps equalize the emitter field enhancement across the array as well as control the spread of the imprints over larger distances.
Structural priming as implicit learning: Cumulative priming effects and individual differences

We explored the claim that structural priming is a case of implicit learning within the language production system. The experiment began with a baseline phase, in which we assessed participants’ rates of production for double object and prepositional object constructions. Then participants were biased toward the production of either the double object or prepositional object construction. Finally, we again assessed participants’ rates of production for the target constructions. Consistent with claims that structural priming is a case of implicit learning, we found that biasing participants toward the prepositional object construction produced stronger cumulative priming effects than did biasing participants toward the double object construction. We also found that individual differences in implicit learning were marginally correlated with overall rates of production for the double object construction. Participants who scored better on the learning task tended to produce fewer double object constructions.
Polynomial-time analogues of isolatedness

Abstract Recently, Nerode and Remmel have developed a polynomial-time version of the theory of recursive equivalence types and have defined two analogues of isolatedness for that setting. This paper examines various properties of those two analogues and investigates their relationship to additive cancellability.
The Integrable automorphic forms as a dual space, II

We show that the Banach space of integrable automorphic forms on any bounded domain B in is isometrically isomorphic to the dual space of a certain subspace of its own dual space.
Scientific Charge-Coupled Devices

The charge-coupled device dominates an ever-increasing variety of scientific imaging and spectroscopy applications. Recent experience indicates, however, that the full potential of CCD performance lies well beyond that realized in devices currently available.Test data suggest that major improvements are feasible in spectral response, charge collection, charge transfer, and readout noise. These properties, their measurement in existing CCDs, and their potential for future improvement are discussed in this paper.
The biology of trophoblast.

Literature on the biology of the trophoblast is reviewed. In Part 1 various hypotheses of the invasive mechanism of the trophoblast are criticized. In Part 2 an hypothesis to explain the invasion of abembryonic rabbit trophoblast by chemical and physical mechanisms is developed and applied. In Part 3 similar and differing characteristics of trophoblasts and malignant invasion are discussed and a general hypothesis of trophoblast invasion based on total metabolism respiration and excretion is presented.
In search of the brain's executive

In unpublished work over about ten years starting in 1995, John Taylor, Raju Bapi, Guido Bugmann, Neill Taylor, and I developed a network theory of the cognitive functions of the frontal lobes. We dealt with the long popular notion of the prefrontal region as executive of the brain [1]. Some cognitive neuroscientists had called for abandoning the executive idea because the functions of planning, organizing, and controlling behavior were distributed over many brain regions and not run by a single “homunculus.” Yet we believed that the executive concept was still useful if we analyzed it in system terms, including the executive functions of the prefrontal's connections with other areas, notably basal ganglia and thalamus; parietal, premotor, and secondary sensory cortices; and amygdala.
Adjustment time and economic growth revisited

Abstract Since the theory of the adjustment time in a neoclassical growth model was first published close to two decades ago [Sato Sato, February 1963 , Sato, June 1964 ], there have appeared a number of interesting articles dealing with different aspects of adjustment time and economic growth. The purpose of this note is to verify the original conclusions in the framework of variable elasticity of substitutions (VES) production functions. All of the other assumptions are preserved. The results indicate that the original assertion concerning the length of time needed for 90 percent of the adjustment applies to a non-Cobb-Douglas production function as well. “Vicinity” (90%) of the new equilibrium can be reached only after a sufficiently long period of time—approximately 100 years on the average. Furthermore, the pattern of adjustment for this model is very similar to that of the original model.
ACLV control in x-ray lithography

In this paper, dimensional control of critical features in proximity x-ray lithography is discussed. CD error components attributed to x-ray mask, proximity exposure and resist process are identified. Analysis of linewidth control data at 180 nm and 150 nm ground rules for synchrotron based x-ray proximity lithography is presented. Data have been collected at IBM Advanced Lithography Facility equipped with x-ray stepper built by SVGL and Helios synchrotron radiation x-ray source.
Teen Dating Abuse: A Paradigm for Mental Health Counselors

Teen dating abuse (TDA) is a serious public health problem affecting almost half of all adolescents in the United States. Because of the developmental characteristics of adolescence such as identity confusion and rejection of adult authority figures, counseling adolescents who are experiencing TDA can be particularly challenging. This article describes the types of abuse, the early warning signs of abuse, and effective strategies that mental health counselors can use to counsel and educate teen victims of TDA and others.