cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Integration of signals from different cortical areas in higher order thalamic neurons.

Higher order thalamic neurons receive driving inputs from cortical layer 5 and project back to the cortex, reflecting a transthalamic route for corticocortical communication. To determine whether or not individual neurons integrate signals from different cortical populations, we combined electron microscopy “connectomics” in mice with genetic labeling to disambiguate layer 5 synapses from somatosensory and motor cortices to the higher order thalamic posterior medial nucleus. A significant convergence of these inputs was found on 19 of 33 reconstructed thalamic cells, and as a population, the layer 5 synapses were larger and located more proximally on dendrites than were unlabeled synapses. Thus, many or most of these thalamic neurons do not simply relay afferent information but instead integrate signals as disparate in this case as those emanating from sensory and motor cortices. These findings add further depth and complexity to the role of the higher order thalamus in overall cortical functioning.
Maritime Applications of Higher Order Bessel Beams Integrated with Time (HOBBIT)

In this paper, we investigate the applications of Higher Order Bessel Beams with temporal modulation of Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) for maritime applications. Examples include the creation and detection of HOBBIT beams at unprecedented time scales and power densities. Results are also presented for sensing of rotating fog clouds and nonlinear interactions in water.
The Changing Nature of Nontuberculous Mycobacteriology

This chapter expands the historical perspective to the present and describes recent developments in mycobacteriology in order to improve clinicians’ ability to consider nontuberculous mycobacterial disease in a variety of settings and to facilitate laboratories’ ability to isolate the more unusual and fastidious pathogens. The first reports of human infections due to the nontuberculous mycobacterial species and their environmental sources, geographic distributions, and animal reservoirs and manifestations are outlined. A table provides a list of the four major disease presentations currently associated with the nontuberculous mycobacteria (pulmonary disease, lymphadenitis, cutaneous and soft tissue infections, and the recently described disseminated infections) and the major host risk factors. Other organisms associated with lymphadenitis include Mycobacterium celatum, Mycobacterium genavense, Mycobacterium haemophilum, Mycobacterium kansasii, Mycobacterium malmoense, Mycobacterium scrofulaceum, and the rapidly growing mycobacteria. Direct inoculation of mycobacterial organisms present in soil or water via trauma may lead to skin or soft tissue infection. The fluorochrome acid-fast stain permits more rapid examination of smears than does the traditional Kinyoun or Ziehl-Neelsen stain, and it is now considered the preferred method. Laboratories must employ rapid diagnostic and antimicrobial susceptibility tests and be prepared to detect relatively fastidious species of mycobacteria. Clinicians should realize that, although there is a lack of standardized drug testing methods for the slowly growing nontuberculous mycobacteria, testing of initial isolates can be helpful if a comparison of results with those for subsequent isolates suggests developing resistance.
Cytochrome P-450 hPCN3, a novel cytochrome P-450 IIIA gene product that is differentially expressed in adult human liver. cDNA and deduced amino acid sequence and distinct specificities of cDNA-expressed hPCN1 and hPCN3 for the metabolism of steroid hormones and cyclosporine.

Immunoblotting analysis of human liver microsome preparations revealed that human cytochrome P-450 PCN1 (hPCN1, Mr ∼52,000) was expressed in each of 40 individual specimens examined. In about 10–20% of the livers, an immunologically related protein having a lower electrophoretic mobility (Mr ∼52,500) was also detected. A single liver was found that expressed only the lower mobility protein, designated hPCN3, and RNA isolated from this liver was used to construct a λgt11 library. The library was screened with an hPCN1 cDNA probe resulting in the isolation of a unique full-length cDNA that was sequenced and shown to encode hPCN3. The deduced amino acid sequence of this cDNA contained 502 residues, a calculated molecular mass of 57,115 daltons, and displayed 84% similarity with hPCN1. The deduced amino-terminal sequence of hPCN3 was identical to that of HFLa, a major cytochrome P-450 expressed in human fetal liver that is immunologically cross-reactive with several family III cytochrome P-450s. hPCN1 and hPCN3 cDNAs were expressed in Hep G2 cells using a vaccinia virus expression system and shown to encode active enzymes, both characterized by reduced CO-binding spectra with λmax at 450 nm. Enzymatic analysis revealed that both cytochrome P-450s were similarly active in catalyzing oxidation of the calcium channel blocking drug nifedipine. Both enzymes also catalyzed 6β-hydroxylation of the steroid hormones testosterone, progesterone, and androstenedione, although hPCN1 exhibited several-fold higher expressed activity than hPCN3. Several minor oxidation products of these steroids (e.g. 15β-hydroxy testosterone), comprising up to ∼20% of the total metabolites, were formed by hPCN1 but not hPCN3, indicating that hPCN3 is a more highly regiospecific monooxygenase catalyst with steroid substrates. Clear differences were also detected in their catalytic activities toward the immunosuppressive drug cyclosporine, with two hydroxylated metabolites (Ml and M17) and one demethylated metabolite (M21) formed by hPCN1 but only one metabolite (M1) formed by hPCN3. These studies establish that hPCN3 is a newly described cytochrome P-450 that is differentially expressed in the adult human population and that has overlapping substratespecificity compared to hPCN1 for metabolism of steroid and drug substrates.
Tissue-specific expression of human P-450AROM: The promoter responsible for expression in adipose tissue is different from that utilized in placenta

The biosynthesis of estrogens from androgens is catalyzed by a enzyme of the endoplasmic reticulum termed aromatase cytochrome P-450 (P-450AROM). The gene encoding P-450AROM was isolated in our laboratory utilizing a full-length P-450AROM cDNA and a primer-extended cDNA obtained from human placental libraries as probes. We have found that the P-450AROM gene spans at least 75 kilobases and the region encoding the P-450AROM protein is comprised of nine exons. In addition, there are at least two untranslated exons, I.1 and I.2, upstream of which are found putative promoter sequences thought to be responsible for expression of P-450AROM in placenta. To determine if these promoters are utilized to regulate P-450AROM expression in adipose tissue, we have used polymerase chain reaction technology in an attempt to amplify the untranslated exons out of human adipose total RNA. The untranslated exons could not be amplified out of adipose RNA although they could be amplified out of placental RNA. When oligonucleotides corresponding to these untranslated exons were used in Northern analysis of RNA from human adipose stromal cells, no hybridizable mRNA species was detectable. Putative promoter sequences 326 and 110 base pairs (bp) upstream of the 5' end of exon II were evaluated as adipose P-450AROM promoters by primer extension analysis and S1 nuclease protection assays. Both methods suggest a start site of transcription 26 bp down-stream of the TATAAA sequence located 110 bp from the placental intron-exon II junction. These results indicate that tissue-specific regulation of aromatase activity in the human is achieved in part by the use of alternative transcriptional start sites and tissue-specific promoters.
Economics of eBay’s buyer protection plan

This paper explores the financial viability of eBay’s Buyer Protection Plan. We explore their warranty model assuming exponential auction listing and claims times, under competing assumptions of Normal (classical portfolio theory) versus Paretian claims (industry practice) distributions using a normative algorithm. EBay’s model viability was analyzed under three risk metrics – mean-variance risk of classic portfolio theory; value at risk used in regulation such as the Basel Accords; and tail value at risk which is preferred by academics. Five main findings of the research are: (1) long-term financial viability is set by boundary conditions that can be managed in eBay’s contract terms, (2) commonly used but simplistic assumptions of Gaussian distributions of contract failures can be misleading, and keeping the Buyer Protection Plan viable demands more realistic distributions, (3) value at risk measures provide more information about viability than expectations, (4) tail value at risk measures an lead to sudden and extreme variations in fund value over the parameter range and flawed contracting decisions, and (5) tail value at risk is the preferable risk measure for assessing Buyer Protection Plan viability, but it needs to be used with an assumption of Lomax contract failures to support profitable contracting. Our analysis showed substantial improvements in claims management when tail value at risk measures were used instead of conventional VaR measures. This implies that current strategies, and prices for coverage may result in losses to eBay, in current practice.
Introduction of Multimedia Usage in Aviation Maintenance and Aeronautical Engineering Technology Programs

Multimedia as an educational tool takes many forms, but the main focus in this paper is PC-based instruction, specifically streaming videos. There are many who question the use of PC-based instruction or e-learning as a replacement to the classroom; however, not quite as many argue for its use as supplemental material. Multimedia in aviation, the industry to which this study is related, is a reality but emphasis has been on flight and air traffic control. While maintenance has made strides to incorporate multimedia within the industry, it has been a top-down approach starting with the airlines and large corporations. Maintenance training schools have yet to achieve that same level of integration. It was the researchers’ goal to illustrate how the use of multimedia in the classroom can benefit students when used as a supplement to lecture-based instruction. The analysis of multimedia in education, a brief background, and the usage of multimedia in aviation maintenance programs provide the foundation for this paper.
Analysis of Feature Dependencies in Sound Description

Multimedia data, including sound databases, require signal processing and parameterization to enable automatic searching for a specific content. Indexing of musical audio material with high-level timbre information requires extraction of low-level sound parameters first. In this paper, we analyze regularities in musical sound description, for the data representing musical instrument sounds by means of spectral and time-domain features. We examined digital audio recordings of singular sounds for 11 instruments of definite pitch. Woodwinds, brass, and strings used in contemporary orchestras were investigated, for various fundamental frequencies of sound and articulation techniques. General-purpose data mining system Forty-Niner was applied to investigate dependencies between the sound attributes, and the results of the experiments are presented and discussed. We also indicate a broad range of possible industry applications, which may influence directions of further research in this domain. We summarize our paper with conclusions on representation of musical instrument sound, and the emerging issue of exploration of audio databases.
Clinical Reasoning: A 28-year-old woman with lower extremity spasticity and microcytic anemia

A 28-year-old woman with a medical history of asthma, diabetes, and morbid obesity broke her right leg 3 years prior to presentation related to slipping on icy ground. She underwent surgical intervention for a tibial fracture, followed by a lengthy rehabilitation process. She never regained her previous walking ability and in fact felt that her balance was worsening. She stumbled frequently, tripping over small obstacles or uneven ground, and had 3 falls over 6 months prior to presentation. She had lost about 100 pounds after a gastric banding procedure done shortly before her accident. She denied weakness or clumsiness in upper extremities, headaches, vertigo, lightheadedness, or loss of consciousness. There was no history of fever, chills, autoimmune disorders, skin rash, joint pain or swellings, blood clots, or miscarriages. No relevant family history of neurologic disorders was present. On examination, she was noted to have a right foot drop, increased tone and hyperreflexia in lower extremities with a positive Babinski sign, and several beats of ankle clonus bilaterally. Her gait was slightly wide-based and unsteady and she had difficulties with tandem gait. Higher cognitive functions, speech, oculomotor examination, strength in upper extremities and the left leg, and sensory examination including pinprick, light touch, temperature, vibration, and proprioception was normal. She had normal coordination in upper extremities and mild difficulties with heel to shin testing bilaterally related to spasticity.
Twitter: A Novel Tool for Studying the Health and Social Needs of Transgender Communities

Background: Limited research has examined the health and social needs of transgender and gender nonconforming populations. Due to high levels of stigma, transgender individuals may avoid disclosing their identities to researchers, hindering this type of work. Further, researchers have traditionally relied on clinic-based sampling methods, which may mask the true heterogeneity of transgender and gender nonconforming communities. Online social networking websites present a novel platform for studying this diverse, difficult-to-reach population. Objective: The objective of this study was to attempt to examine the perceived health and social needs of transgender and gender nonconforming communities by examining messages posted to the popular microblogging platform, Twitter. Methods: Tweets were collected from 13 transgender-related hashtags on July 11, 2014. They were read and coded according to general themes addressed, and a content analysis was performed. Qualitative and descriptive statistics are presented. Results: There were 1135 tweets that were collected in total. Both “positive” and “negative” events were discussed, in both personal and social contexts. Violence, discrimination, suicide, and sexual risk behavior were discussed. There were 34.36% (390/1135) of tweets that addressed transgender-relevant current events, and 60.79% (690/1135) provided a link to a relevant news article or resource. Conclusions: This study found that transgender individuals and allies use Twitter to discuss health and social needs relevant to the population. Real-time social media sites like Twitter can be used to study issues relevant to transgender communities. [JMIR Ment Health 2015;2(2):e16]
Optimization of Data/Control Conditions in Task Graphs

Thus far, parallelism at the loop level (or data-parallelism) has been almost exclusively the main target of parallelizing compilers. The variety of new parallel architectures and recent progress in interprocedural dependence analysis suggest new directions for the exploitation of parallelism across loop and procedure boundaries (or functional-parallelism). This paper presents an intermediate parallel program representation which encapsulates minimal data and control dependences, and which can be used for the extraction and exploitation of functional, or task-level parallelism. We focus on the derivation of the execution conditions of tasks which maximizes task-level parallelism, and the optimization of these conditions which results in reducing synchronization overhead imposed by data and control dependences.
Potential for bioremediation of fuel‐contaminated soil in Antarctica

Abstract A preliminary investigation was conducted to identify the presence of bacteria in fuel‐contaminated Antarctic soil that could potentially be used to bioremediate the contaminated soil at McMurdo Station and other sites in Antarctica. The ability of soil microorganisms to metabolize fuels under the extreme climatic and oligotrophic conditions of Antarctica was of concern. Bacteria were isolated from fuel‐contaminated soil on site at McMurdo Station. Bacteria from noncontaminated soil near the station were also studied for comparison. The Antarctic soil microorganisms exhibited the ability to endure cold and oligotrophic environments. Experiments also showed that bacteria from the fuel spill site were active in their contaminated environment and that acclimation to xenobiotic compounds was necessary. Application of bioremediation in the extreme environmental conditions found at McMurdo Station, Antarctica, were also considered. The possibility of altering environmental factors necessary to adequate...
Feature articles Maximizing transfer of learning from management education programs

Formal management education, ranging from seminars and workshops to comprehensive MBA programs, is readily available and is viewed as a primary tool for management development. Yet, critics often cite that the transfer of learning of knowledge and practices from the classroom to workplace can be very limited.
Proliferative effects of combination estrogen and progesterone replacement therapy on the normal postmenopausal mammary gland in a murine model

Abstract Objective: The aim of the study was to analyze the proliferative response of the normal mammary gland to combination hormone replacement therapy with estrogen and progesterone in a murine model of early versus late postmenopausal states. Study Design: Ovariectomized mice were injected daily for up to 56 days with estrogen plus progesterone, starting at either 1 or 5 weeks after ovariectomy to simulate early and late menopausal periods, respectively. At various times after treatment, proliferation was analyzed by deoxyribonucleic acid histoautoradiography and whole-mount preparations. The induction of progesterone receptor by estrogen was also analyzed. To distinguish between estrogen- and progesterone-specific responses, we tested the effects of the antiprogesterone mifepristone (RU 486) and the antiestrogen ICI 182,780. Results: The acute response to estrogen-progesterone therapy in the early postmenopausal period resulted in duct-end enlargement, ductal side branching, alveolar bud formation, and a 100-fold increase in epithelial cell proliferation. This was caused by the dominant effect of progesterone acting through the progesterone receptor. In the late postmenopausal period the acute response produced only duct-end enlargement; the 100-fold increase in epithelial cell proliferation resulted from the dominant effect of estrogen. After long-term treatment, both early and late postmenopausal glands exhibited similar morphologic features and a 9-fold higher steady-state proliferation rate than was found in control-treated groups. Conclusions: Starting combined estrogen and progesterone hormone replacement therapy in either early or late postmenopause produced a persistent, steady-state 9-fold increase in epithelial cell proliferation, which could be a contributing factor to increased breast cancer risk. The acute response in the late postmenopausal period mimics the hormonal response of the pubertal mammary gland, which in rodents is the stage most susceptible to carcinogen-induced mammary tumorigenesis. These observations raise questions about increased susceptibility of the late postmenopausal gland to carcinogenesis and a role for hormone replacement therapy in the promotion of tumorigenesis. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 2001;184:340-9.)
Stoichiometry of antibody stabilization of a labile enzyme.

SummaryGuanadrel was evaluated for its cardiovascular profile and was found to possess properties which are desirable in the treatment of hypertension. The compound causes blockade of the sympathetic nerve ending and depletion of peripheral and “hypothalamic” catecholamines. Guanadrel does not deplete intestinal norepinephrine, which may be the reason for the fact that it does not produce diarrhea when administred experimentally or clinically.
Notes on the Sociology of Sleep

(1970). Notes on the Sociology of Sleep. The Sociological Quarterly: Vol. 11, No. 4, pp. 485-499.
29Si hyperfine measurements in a-Si:H

Abstract From measured hyperfine spectra of 29Si-dilute and enriched material we have deduced local information about the dangling bond in a-Si:H. The electron wavefunction is largely p-like and has 50–80% of its density on the central atom with the remainder predominantly on at least one of the back-bonded neighbors. A significant degree of weak bonding is invoked to explain the relatively large hyperfine coupling to a back atom nucleus. Finally, hydrogen back-bonding at the dangling bond site is shown to be improbable.
P03-71 Gender differences in prevalence of somatoform disorders in patients visiting primary care centers

Objective The aim of this study was to examine the gender differences in the prevalence of somatoform disorders among a sample of Qatari patients who were visiting primary health care (PHC) centres and to investigate the severity of most frequent somatic symptoms in these patients. Method The first stage of the study was conducted with the help of general practitioners (GPs), using the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). The second stage was carried out by a psychiatrist using the Clinical Interview Schedule (CIS). The survey was conducted among patients presenting to the primary health care centres over the period from January to July, 2007. 2320 subjects were approached and a total of 1689 patientsagreed to participate and responded to the questionnaire. Among the screened Qatari patients, 404 patients, 211 males (52.2%) and 193 females (47.8%), were identified for clinical interview. Results The prevalence rate of somatoform disorders among the total screened sample was 23.9%. The prevalence rate was slightly higher in women (24.2%) than in men (23.7%). Prolonged depressive reaction was significantly higher in women compared to men (p=0.003). There was a significant gender difference in certain psychiatric diagnostic categories such as depressive episode, recurrent depressive disorder, dysthymia and brief depressive reaction. Backache was the most common reported symptom in men, while headache was more common in women. Conclusion Prevalence of somatoform disorders was slightly higher in Qatari women than in men. There was a significant difference found between men and women in certain diagnosis categories and somatic symptoms.
SCRL-model for Human Space Flight Operations enterprise supply chain

This paper will present a Supply Chain Readiness Level (SCRL) model that can be used to evaluate and configure adaptable and sustainable program and mission supply chains at an enterprise level. It will also show that using SCRL in conjunction with Technology Readiness Levels (TRLs), Manufacturing Readiness Levels (MRLs) and National Aeronautics Space Administrations' (NASA's) Project Lifecycle Process will provide a more complete means of developing and evaluating a robust sustainable supply chain that encompasses the entire product, system and mission lifecycle. In addition, it will be shown that by implementing the SCRL model, NASA can additionally define supplier requirements to enable effective supply chain management (SCM).
Solar physics in the VUV: the importance of high resolution observations.

Newly developed space instrumentation has made it possible to explore the sun’s UV spectrum with high spatial, spectral, and temporal resolution. The global existence of a hot corona and the outstreaming solar wind may be caused by rather high energetic events occurring in the quiet sun. These events are extremely localized and cover only a small fraction of the solar disk.
A new external ionization multisample MALDI source for Fourier transform mass spectrometry

Abstract A new external ionization source for matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) Fourier transform mass spectrometry is described. This design allows a number of samples to be introduced simultaneously. This capability is important for studying metal ion-coordinated species produced by MALDI. The source is used to observe the effects of alkali metal ion affinities of neutral oligosaccharides on the intensity of the respective quasimolecular ions.
Temporal patterns in seedling establishment on pocket gopher disturbances

Disturbances often facilitate seedling establishment, and can change the species composition of a community by increasing recruitment of disturbance-adapted species. To understand the effects of pocket gopher disturbances on alpine seedling dynamics, we examined the gopher disturbances’ effects on seedling emergence and survival on gopher disturbances 0 to 5 years old. In contrast to results from most other ecosystems, these recently created gopher mounds had lower seedling emergence and survival rates than undisturbed areas. A lack of correlation between species’ abundances on gopher mounds and undisturbed sites in one of the two communities studied suggested that a suite of disturbance-adapted species recruited onto the mounds. To explain low seedling emergence on recent gopher mounds, we quantified gopher mound seed banks and studied recruitment in a site with mounds that ranged from 0 to >20 years old. Seed numbers in first-year gopher mound soils were extremely low relative to undisturbed soils, and this pattern was mirrored in seedling establishment patterns over the long term. Gopher disturbance depressed seedling emergence density for the first 5 years. Subsequently, emergence density increased until at least 20 years following the disturbance. Emergence on disturbances more than 20 years old was higher than on undisturbed sites. Therefore, gopher disturbances probably facilitate seedling establishment in alpine dry and moist meadow; however, this process takes place over decades.
A 47-year-old man with chronic depression.

Dr Delbanco: Mr N is a 47-year-old man who has struggled with depression for approximately 15 years. Divorced from his first wife and now separated from his second, he is the father of two teenaged children. He works for a local human service institution and receives private managed care health insurance through his employer. At 32 years of age, Mr N sought marriage counseling with his first wife. After his marriage ended, he continued with individual counseling; a diagnosis of depression was established, and he began taking an antidepressant he believes to have been imipramine. In 1980, he moved to Massachusetts and was denied coverage for individual psychotherapy by his new health plan. He was offered group counseling but after three meetings found it an inappropriate setting for his problems. Between 1983 and 1984, Mr N felt markedly worse and quit his job. During this time his divorce became final.
Elevated cyclooxygenase-2 expression correlates with diminished survival in carcinoma of the cervix treated with radiotherapy.

Abstract Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between overall survival and prognostic factors in carcinoma of the cervix treated with radiation therapy. A clinicopathologic study was performed on 24 patients. Methods and Materials: Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor biopsies were stained for Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), Topoisomerase I, Topoisomerase II, and p53. Clinical factors such as stage, grade, tumor size, pre- and post-treatment hemoglobin level, and radiotherapy dose were also evaluated. Results: Median follow-up was 75 months for living patients. The only immunohistochemical or clinical factor that was associated with improved survival was decreased COX-2 distribution staining. High COX-2 distribution staining was associated with decreased overall survival ( p = 0.021) and decreased disease-free survival ( p = 0.015) by log-rank comparison of Kaplan-Meier survival curves. The 5-year overall survival rates for tumors with low vs. high COX-2 distribution values were 75% and 35%, respectively. COX-2 staining intensity was found to correlate positively with tumor size ( p = 0.022). Conclusion: These findings indicate that increased expression of COX-2 portends a diminished survival in patients with invasive carcinoma of the cervix treated with radiotherapy. Because COX-2 is an early-response gene involved in angiogenesis and inducible by different stimuli, these data may indicate opportunity to intervene with specific inhibitors of COX-2 in carcinoma of the cervix.
Iron oxide nanoparticles grafted with sulfonated and zwitterionic polymers: High stability and low adsorption in extreme aqueous environments

A facile “grafting through” approach was developed to tether tunable quantities of poly(2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid) (PAMPS) as well as zwitterionic poly([3-(methacryloylamino)propyl]dimethyl(3-sulfopropyl)ammonium hydroxide) (PMPDSA) homopolymer onto iron oxide (IO) nanoparticles (NPs). In this case, homopolymers may be grafted, unlike “grafting to” approaches that often require copolymers containing anchor groups. The polymer coating provided steric stabilization of the NP dispersions at high salinities and elevated temperature (90 °C) and almost completely prevented adsorption of the NPs on silica microparticles and crushed Berea sandstone. The adsorption of PAMPS IO NPs decreased with the polymer loading, whereby the magnitude of the particle-surface electrosteric repulsion increased. The zwitterionic PMPDSA IO NPs displayed 1 order of magnitude less adsorption onto crushed Berea sandstone relative to the anionic PAMPS IO NPs. The ability to design homopolymer coatings on nanoparticle su...
Grisms: novel dispersive devices for the manipulation of femtosecond pulses

We show that a pair of grisms (transmission gratings written onto prisms) exhibits second- and third-order dispersion opposite to that of an optical fiber. Using a fiber stretcher and a grism- pair compressor, we demonstrate chirped-pulse amplification and transform-limited compression of 135-fs pulses. This scheme can be used to produce 50-fs, microjoule pulses in a compact and simple system.
SUB-CELLULAR LOCALIZATION OF RAT KIDNEY ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE.

IN mammalian cell cultures alkaline phosphatase is regulated by both inductive and repressive mechanisms1. In preparation for further investigations of the mechanisms of alkaline phosphatase control, the sub-cellular localization of this enzyme was re-investigated, using newer techniques2,3. Previous investigations, using the kidney and intestine of several different mammalian species, have shown that the highest alkaline phosphatase activity resides on the microsomes4-6.
Reversible magnetization of high- T c materials in intermediate fields

In high-${T}_{c}$ superconductors there exists a broad field domain, in which the reversible magnetization $\mathbf{M}$ is linear in the logarithm of the applied field ${H}_{a}$. The dependence $\mathbf{M}(\mathrm{ln}{H}_{a})$ is obtained taking the strong uniaxial anisotropy into account. It is shown, that for an arbitrary orientation of the single crystal with respect to ${\mathbf{H}}_{a}$ the magnetization vector has a component normal to the applied field comparable to the usually measured component parallel to ${\mathbf{H}}_{a}$. A procedure is suggested for extracting the value of the penetration depth from the linear part of $\mathbf{M}(\mathrm{ln}{H}_{a})$. Being applied to the data available for ${\mathrm{Y}}_{1}$${\mathrm{Ba}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7}$, the method yields $\ensuremath{\lambda}\ensuremath{\propto}{({T}_{c}\ensuremath{-}T)}^{\frac{\ensuremath{-}1}{2}}$ near ${T}_{c}$ up to temperatures $\frac{({T}_{c}\ensuremath{-}T)}{{T}_{c}\ensuremath{\sim}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}}$. This puts an upper bound upon the value of the temperature domain, in which the underlying mean-field theory is valid.
Effect of light source for growth on photosynthetic reactions of Anabaena variabilis particles

Abstract Photosynthetic particles were prepared from the blue—green alga Anabaena variabilis grown under two different light conditions. Photosynthetic activity of particles from fluorescent-light-grown cells was lower than that of particles from tungsten-grown cells. The photosynthetic activities of particles from fluorescent-light-grown cells could be increased by moving these cultures to tungsten light. The extent of recovery depended on the ratio of fluorescent growth to the tungsten growth period. It was concluded that the difference in photosynthetic activities between tungsten and fluorescent grown cell-free preparations is more likely due to a lack of red light rather than to disturbance of pigment contents.
Genome-wide gene expression differences in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis from endoscopic pinch biopsies: Insights into distinctive pathogenesis

Background: Ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) are inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) with variable, overlapping clinical features and complex pathophysiologies. Methods: To identify pathogenic processes underlying these disease subtypes, we used single endoscopic pinch biopsies to elucidate patterns of gene expression in active and inactive areas of UC and CD and compared these to infectious colitis and healthy control samples. Results: Unsupervised classification of a total of 36 samples yielded promising separation between the affected IBD, unaffected IBD, non-IBD colitis, and normal control samples, suggesting each sample type had a distinctive gene expression pattern. Genes differentially expressed in the CD samples compared to in the controls were related to IFNγ-inducible TH1 processes (IFITM1, IFITM3, STAT1, and STAT3) and antigen presentation (TAP1, PSME2, PSMB8). The most noticeable change in the UC samples was reduced expression of genes regulating biosynthesis, metabolism, and electrolyte transport (HNF4G, KLF5, AQP8, ATP2B1, and SLC16A). Twenty-five percent of genes down-regulated in the UC samples were also down-regulated in the infectious colitis samples. Unaffected biopsy samples of IBD patients also registered differences expression of genes compared to in the normal controls. Of these differentially expressed genes, only 2 were up-regulated, PSKH1, a regulator of mRNA processing, and PPID, a suppressor of apoptosis. Conclusions: The study shows that the gene expression patterns of IBD, CD in particular, are quite different from those of infectious colitis, highlighting distinctive expression of genes and pathways in UC and CD. (Inflamm Bowel Dis 2007)
Role of Müller cells in cone mosaic rearrangement in a rat model of retinitis pigmentosa.

Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a type of inherited retinal degenerative disease, which leads to blindness. The primary pathological event of this disease is the death of rods because of genetic mutations. The S334ter-line-3 rat is a transgenic model developed to express a rhodopsin mutation similar to that found in RP. In this study, the rod's death triggered are organization of the cone mosaic into an orderly array of rings. Four observations were relevant to understand this reorganization. First, rods died in hot spots, which progressively increased as circular waves, leaving rod-less zones behind. Second, rings of cones formed around these zones. Third, remodeled Muller glia processes enveloped cones and filled the center of their rings. Zonula occludens-1 located between the photoreceptor inner segments and the apical processes of Muller cells showed in the rings. Fourth, these rings were formed before the onset of cone cell deaths and were maintained until late stages of RP. From these observations,we hypothesize that cone-Muller-cell interactions mediate and maintain the rings. A test of this hypothesis can be performed by injecting DL-a-aminoadipic acid (AAA), which is known to disrupt Muller cell metabolism. A single intravitreal injection of AAA at P50 disrupted the rings of cones 3 days after the injection. These findings indicate that the rearrangement of cones in rings is modulated by Muller cells in RP. Thus, if the relationship between photoreceptors and Muller glia is better understood, the latter could potentially be manipulated for effective neuroprotection or the restoration of normal cone arrays.
Asymptotic magnetic behavior of gas transport properties

The nonvanishing elements of the viscosity and thermal conductivity tensors of polyatomic gases fall into two classes: those that change sign with a rotation about the magnetic field line and those that do not. It is shown that the boundedness of the linearized Waldmann-Snider collision operator and its properties under symmetry transformations imply that for linear Zeeman splitting the first class vanishes at zero and infinite field as ¦B ¦ and ¦B ¦−1 and that the second class approaches its asymptotes as ¦B ¦2 and ¦B ¦−2.
p63 and p73 do not contribute to p53-mediated lymphoma suppressor activity in vivo

p53 is one of the most important tumor suppressor genes in human cancer, but the roles of its homologues p63 and p73 in tumor suppression, alone or in collaboration with p53, remains controversial. Both p63 and p73 can be deregulated after DNA damage, and induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, but mice carrying inactive alleles of these genes do not develop spontaneous tumors. Since heterozygous loss of p53 confers strong sensitization to radiation-induced lymphoma development, we investigated the possibility that radiation exposure may reveal previously undetected tumor suppressor properties in p63 or p73, alone or in combination with p53. Animals heterozygous for p63 or p73, as well as both double heterozygous p53/p63 or p53/p73 mice, showed no significant differences in tumor latency, spectrum or frequency after gamma-radiation, compared to their control counterparts. Deletions were found near the p63 locus on chromosome 16 in radiation-induced tumors, but these frequently included the knockout allele. No deletions or LOH involving the p73 gene were detected, and expression of both genes was maintained in the tumors. We conclude that p53 homologues do not contribute to p53 tumor suppressor activity in lymphoma development.
30.1: Invited Paper: Resent Research and Development on 71‐in.‐Diagonal Color PDPs

World first 71 inch and 76 inch diagonal AC PDP with full high definition resolution (1,920 × 1,080) has been developed using high efficient barrier rib structure. Also, to improve picture quality new protecting layer and film type optical filter were developed. To fabricate large size panel over 70 inch diagonal, improved uniform exposing technology for patterning of electrodes, green sheet method for transparent dielectric and CPBB method were used. 71 inch and 76 inch AC PDP has high luminance of 800 cd/m2 and dark room contrast ratio of 1,200:1.
Acute cannabinoid administration attenuates female socio-sexual motivation.

Abstract Endocannabinoids may normally inhibit the generation and expression of female estrous behaviors. Previous work in our laboratory demonstrated that acute administration of a CB 1 receptor antagonist (AM251) increased sexual incentive motivation in estrous female rats. The current experiment examined the effect of CP55,940, a synthetic cannabinoid agonist, on sexual motivation. Seventy-two ovariectomized female Long–Evans rats were tested for their socio-sexual motivation via a runway methodology. Baseline motivation to approach and maintain close proximity to an empty goalbox, a female conspecific, and a male conspecific was assessed over six trials. Subjects were then grouped into nine experimental conditions and re-tested for their socio-sexual motivation after one of three possible hormonal treatments and three drug doses. Hormone treatments were: oil (nonestrous), 10 μg estradiol benzoate (partially estrous), and 10 μg estradiol + 500 μg progesterone (fully estrous). Drug doses were: 0, 20, or 40 μg/kg CP55,940 (IP, 30 min prior to testing). As expected, hormonal priming with both estradiol and progesterone significantly increased sexual motivation in females that did not receive drug treatment. This occurred even though females were kept sexually-naive throughout the experiment. CP55,940 dose-dependently attenuated sexual motivation for a male target in estrous females; the 40 μg/kg dose completely blocked sexual motivation. However, this same dose also significantly reduced social motivation for another female. Cannabinoid agonists reduce female sexual motivation, either directly by inhibiting estrus or indirectly by increasing social anxiety.
The major yolk protein in sea urchins is a transferrin-like, iron binding protein.

Abstract The major yolk protein (MYP) in sea urchins has historically been classified as a vitellogenin based on its abundance in the yolk platelets. Curiously, it is found in both sexes of sea urchins where it is presumed to play a physiological role in gametogenesis, embryogenesis, or both. Here we present the primary structure of MYP as predicted from cDNAs of two sea urchins species, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus and Lytechinus variegatus. The sequence from these two species share identity to one another, but bear no resemblance to other known vitellogenins. Instead the sequence shares identity to members of the transferrin superfamily of proteins. In vitro iron binding assays, including both 59Fe overlay assays of MYP enriched coelomic fluid and immunoprecipitation of native iron-bound MYP from coelomic fluid, support this classification. We suggest that one of MYP's transferrin-like properties is to shuttle iron to developing germ cells.
Solid-state phase transitions in CuCl under hydrostatic pressures to 12. 8 GPa

We examine the phase transitions in solid CuCl under hydrostatic conditions at pressures to 12.8 GPa. The transition at 4.4 GPa from zinc-blende to tetragonal is observed. Our negative observations for the upper transition at 8.2 GPa and for the formation of an opaque phase due to the disproportionation reaction support the contention that pressure gradients are important in affecting the behavior of pure CuCl.© (1981) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Changes in the denture supporting tissues associated with the aging process

Abstract The gingiva undergoes changes with advancing age that make it less tolerant to stresses placed upon it by dentures. It becomes edematous, less elastic, and more susceptible to disease. The epithelium loses much of its thickness and keratinization. Since the diet of older persons is often lacking in essential nutrients, the tissues lose much of their potential to repair. The clinical result is that the epithelium and connective tissue are easily injured and repair slowly.
Line-imaging velocimetry for shock diagnostics (VISAR∗)

The NIF laser pulse used for ignition experiments is tuned by direct observation of the shocks launched into the capsule during the initial phases of the pulse. Optical velocimetry is key to this task.
Using runtime testing to detect defects in applications without test oracles

We address the testing of complex, highly-configurable systems - particularly those without test oracles - by testing in the field using built-in oracles from functions' metamorphic properties. This work is advised by Prof. Gail Kaiser.
Statistical analysis of NMR spin-lattice relaxation times

Abstract Nuclear magnetic resonance spin-lattice relaxation time data, obtained with the inversion-recovery pulse sequence and subsequent Fourier transformation, are analyzed by various statistical estimation procedures. The different estimation methods often give markedly different T1 estimates. The most reliable method is shown to be iterative nonlinear estimation. Omission of explicit experimental determination of S∞ is feasible with this method. The effect of a misadjusted flip angle on the T1 estimates is discussed for two different estimation methods. A general nonlinear estimation method is developed suitable for the analysis of data from temperature-, frequency-, or pH-dependent T1 studies. This method enables the simultaneous determination of frequency factors τ0, activation energies Ea, spin-rotational coupling constants Crmeff, and chemical shift anisotropies Δσ in a single step. Phosphorus-31 data are used for this study but the conclusions are not restricted to this particular nucleus.
On the computation of noncentral chi-squared distributions

A computational formula for computing the cumulative distribution function of noncentral chi-squared distributions with odd degrees of freedom is given.
NMR studies of fluorobenzenes partially oriented in a lyotropic liquid crystal system

Abstract Nuclear magnetic resonance spectra have been recorded and analyzed for a series of ten fluorinated benzene derivatives and the parent benzene molecule. In most cases it was possible to determine all of the dipole-dipole couplings (Dij) and proton-proton Jij from the analyses of the recorded 1H spectra. From the analysis of the 19F spectrum of hexafluorobenzene, indirect dipolar coupling (pseudo-dipolar) contributions to the experimental DFF could be evaluated. Calculations involving the remaining fluorobenzenes showed that pseudo-dipolar contributions to the DHH and DHF are very small. Molecular geometries and orientations were also determined and interpreted for this series of molecules. The results of the geometrical calculations were found to be in good agreement with previous microwave, electron diffraction, and liquid crystalline data. Efforts to account for solute ordering showed limited correlation between free energies and order parameters for the fluorobenzenes.
Characterzation and Quality Control for Micro- and Nanochanneled Silicon Membranes

The rapid advancement of silicon fabrication techniques has enabled the production of large numbers of precisely designed devices. Such devices are appealing to a wide range of industries and have already seen use in energy conversion [1] and medical applications [2]. Our group’s interest is in the latter; specifically the use of micro- and nanofabricated channels in silicon for the controlled release of drugs.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Quantitative imaging with a mobile phone microscope.

Use of optical imaging for medical and scientific applications requires accurate quantification of features such as object size, color, and brightness. High pixel density cameras available on modern mobile phones have made photography simple and convenient for consumer applications; however, the camera hardware and software that enables this simplicity can present a barrier to accurate quantification of image data. This issue is exacerbated by automated settings, proprietary image processing algorithms, rapid phone evolution, and the diversity of manufacturers. If mobile phone cameras are to live up to their potential to increase access to healthcare in low-resource settings, limitations of mobile phone–based imaging must be fully understood and addressed with procedures that minimize their effects on image quantification. Here we focus on microscopic optical imaging using a custom mobile phone microscope that is compatible with phones from multiple manufacturers. We demonstrate that quantitative microscopy with micron-scale spatial resolution can be carried out with multiple phones and that image linearity, distortion, and color can be corrected as needed. Using all versions of the iPhone and a selection of Android phones released between 2007 and 2012, we show that phones with greater than 5 MP are capable of nearly diffraction-limited resolution over a broad range of magnifications, including those relevant for single cell imaging. We find that automatic focus, exposure, and color gain standard on mobile phones can degrade image resolution and reduce accuracy of color capture if uncorrected, and we devise procedures to avoid these barriers to quantitative imaging. By accommodating the differences between mobile phone cameras and the scientific cameras, mobile phone microscopes can be reliably used to increase access to quantitative imaging for a variety of medical and scientific applications.