cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cyclin-dependent kinase-associated protein phosphatase is overexpressed in alcohol-related hepatocellular carcinoma and influences xenograft tumor growth.

The cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk)-associated protein phosphatase (KAP) is a dual-specificity phosphatase that dephosphorylates Cdk2 and inhibits cell cycle progression. The overexpression of KAP has been found in breast, prostate and renal cell carcinomas. However, the role of KAP in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the expression of KAP in HCC and elucidate its role in tumorigenesis. HCC tissues from 117 patients undergoing surgical resection were collected for western blot analysis and immunohistochemichal analysis to establish clinical correlation. The antisense-mediated inhibition of KAP expression was performed in Huh-7 cell lines for tumorigenicity and growth regulation experiments. Clinicopathological analysis indicated that KAP was overexpressed in HCC tissue from alcoholic patients (P<0.001). It was significantly overexpressed in patients with a tumor number of <3 (P=0.0271), suggesting the potential role of KAP in tumorigenesis during early-stage alcohol-related HCC. Additionally, the antisense-mediated inhibition of KAP in Huh-7 HCC cells interfered with cell cycle progression, decreased cell proliferation, reduced the colony-forming ability of the cells and increased apoptosis. Tumorigenicity experiments showed that the KAP knockdown in Huh-7 cells generated smaller tumors in nude mice compared with the mock controls (P=0.018). In the cells in which KAP had been knocked down, the physical interaction between KAP and Cdk2 significantly increased, despite the reduced expression levels of KAP. The phosphorylation of cell proliferation and apoptosis-associated proteins, including phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), glycogen synthase kinase (GSK), p44/42 and Akt, was decreased. Therefore, it can be concluded that KAP is overexpressed in alcohol-related HCC. The antisense-mediated knockdown of KAP in Huh-7 cells decreased cell proliferation, reduced the colony-forming ability of the cells, interfered with cell cycle progression and suppressed xenograft tumor formation, partly through enhanced KAP and Cdk2 interaction.
Genetic analysis of a population of Tribolium. 3. Fatty acid composition of unsaturated fatty acid sensitive mutant.

Genetic analysis of a population of Tribolium III. Fatty acid composition of unsaturated fatty acid sensitive mutant 2
Vector dominance and radiative meson decays

Abstract The vector dominance model is reexamined in a semi-empirical approach. Vector-meson-photon couplings are determined from leptonic decays, and the vector-meson mixing angle and a single vector-vector-pseudoscalar coupling constant for an effective VVP lagrangian, which is constrained by Zweig's rule, is calculated from the V → πλ decay widths. The lagrangian is observed to be the same as that obtained by gauging the U(3) L × U(3) R hidden symmetry of the nonlinear pseudoscalar chiral lagrangian. The results are in reasonably good agreement with the data. Discrepancies are isolated and found to be substantially cured by a small symmetry breaking mass factor in the coupling constant.
Taste Panel Evaluation of the Effect of Added Fat on the Flavor of Chicken Meat

ABSTRACT THE ready availability of fats for feeding purposes led many poultry nutritionists into the study of the utilization of high levels of fats in poultry rations with particular attention to feed efficiency and growth rates. The final criterion of a finished broiler, the flavor of the bird, was generally ignored in these experiments. Very few data have been reported on the effect of added dietary fat on the flavor of chicken meat. The few reports published were favorable to use of fat. Aitken et al. (1954) using 10 percent beef tallow in 22 or 25 percent protein diets reported that 10-week-old male broilers, as shown by a consumer’s preference test of 45 individuals, did not differ in flavor from the control birds. Siedler et al. (1955) fed the fatty acids of choice white grease as 3 percent of the diet, and choice white grease, yellow grease, brown grease, prime tallow, . . .
Cholesteatoma: Experimental induction in the mongolian gerbil, meriones unguiculaus

Surgical ligation of the external auditory canal of the Mongolian gerbil produces aural cholesteatomas that are similar to the spontaneous gerbilline cholesteatoma. Some 6-9 months after ligation of the external auditory canal, these cholesteatomas are in contact with the bone of the middle ear. These induced cholesteatomas were seen to erode bone and displace soft tissue structures, as is typical of human aural cholesteatomas. The induced gerbilline cholesteatoma is an ideal experimental model for the study of the osteolytic characteristics of cholesteatoma.
P03-183 - Lost in translation: development and implementation of a metabolic monitoring protocol

Introduction Quality assurance (QA) interventions are part of the core competencies that psychiatric trainees need to acquire prior to graduation of residency. The process of developing, implementing and monitoring standards of care for patients on antipsychotic medications is a practical illustration of the teaching of QA methods to psychiatric residents. Objective We will describe the process used by the residents and faculty of the Outpatient Psychiatry Department of Temple University School of Medicine to create and introduce metabolic follow up protocols for patients on antipsychotic medication. Aims We will present the challenges encountered in this process. Methods We will describe the process used to create a monitoring protocol that satisfies expert practice guidelines. In addition, we will examine the social, economic and organizational variables that are a part of our urban outpatient training clinic. We will present the trends of the monthly QA reviews (July 2010 to February 2011). We will introduce the process of identifying and solving obstacles. Finally, we will describe the feedback loops that inform clinicians and faculty about the effectiveness of the QA protocols. Results Some of the challenges met include: expert disagreement on the exact particulars of follow-up frequency, patient noncompliance, disparities in health literacy, trainees’ learning curve, changes in medication, and coordination of care among providers. Conclusion Teaching QA is a difficult experiential process that articulates many of the skills acquired by residents in their training, from evidence-based medicine to delivery of care and program evaluation.
The use of gel permeation chromatography in the development of high-quality graphite

Abstract Many graphites to be used for nuclear, aerospace or high-temperature applications are now being made with synthetic components rather than with the traditional mixtures of coke filler and pitch binder. This additional control of raw materials results in a higher quality and more reproducible graphite. One class of synthetic polymers finding considerable use as graphite binder materials is furfuryl alcohol resins. The molecular size distributions of furfuryl alcohol resin binders as determined by gel permeation chromatography have been shown to play an important role in determining the physical properties of the resulting graphites. Gel permeation chromatographic data were related to graphite physical properties by two methods. In the first, the amount of material in a given molecular size interval was computed, and the effect of each size interval on the properties of graphite was determined using a graphical method. Secondly, the total molecular size distribution was then related to the physical properties of graphite by a statistical method, which was used to calculate parameters describing the gel permeation chromatographic data. The results of these studies have led to a more thorough understanding of the role played by furfuryl alcohol resins as related to their use in the manufacture of graphites, and to specifications for the synthesis of an improved furfuryl alcohol resin for use as a graphite binder material.
Ecological investigations of the marine nematode Metoncholaimus scissus.

Significant concentrations of the large oncholaimid Metoncholaimus scissusWieser and Hopper (1967) (>7000 animals/24 cm2 area or 2.68x106 specimens/m2) have been noted in soft-bottom turtle grass communities. Activities of the nematode frequently show an indirect relationship to blooms of the benthic diatom Pleurosigma balticum. Analysis of biomass data for M. scissus (as much as 28 g wet weight/m2) demonstrate the importance of microsite activity and sensitivity of the species to small significant changes in the benthic environment.
Phosphorylation of Tyrosyl Residues 350/354 of the β-Adrenergic Receptor Is Obligatory for Counterregulatory Effects of Insulin

Insulin stimulates a loss of function and increased phosphotyrosine content of the β2-adrenergic receptor in intact cells, raising the possibility that the β2-receptor itself is a substrate for the insulin receptor tyrosine kinase. Phosphorylation of synthetic peptides corresponding to cytoplasmic domains of the β2-adrenergic receptor by the insulin receptor in vitro and peptide mapping of the β2-adrenergic receptor phosphorylated in vivo in cells stimulated by insulin reveal tyrosyl residues 350/354 and 364 in the cytoplasmic, C-terminal region of the β2-adrenergic receptor as primary targets. Mutation of tyrosyl residues 350, 354 (double mutation) to phenylalanine abolishes the ability of insulin to counterregulate β-agonist stimulation of cyclic AMP accumulation. Phenylalanine substitution of tyrosyl reside 364, in contrast, abolishes β-adrenergic stimulation itself.
Heterophonic Auditory Adaptation to Critical and Noncritical Bandwidths

Auditory adaptation effects were measured for narrow bands of noise both within and outside of the critical band for 1 000 Hz. In keeping with previous research, a pure-tone condition resulted in more adaptation than any of the noise band conditions. However, as the noise bands were increased in width, a significant decrease in adaptation was observed, which is not in agreement with earlier findings. Adaptation results converted to theoretical auditory units show a trend which conforms to the Hood-Weiler model for loudness coding.Chez 12 sujets normaux nous avons compare les valeurs de l'adaptation de la sonie pour un son pur de 1 kHz et pour une bande etroite de bruit centree sur 1 kHz et se trouvant soit a l'interieur soit a l'exterieur de la bande critique pour 1 kHz. Nous avons note: a) une plus grande adaptation pour le son pur, ceci en accord avec les observations de Carterette [1956]; b) une decroissance significative de l'adaptation lorsque la bande de bruit augmente de largeur; nous sommes ici en...
Control of Tobacco Budworm on Flue-Cured Tobacco with Insecticides Applied Mechanically

Field experiments on flue-cured tobacco were conducted in North Carolina during 1964--69 to determine the effects of certain treatment variables on control of Heliothis virescens (F.) with insecticides applied mechanically. No significant differences in crop protection were found among (I) treatments of 0.75 pounds per acre of endosulfan and 1.5 pounds of carbaryl, DDT, and TDE; (2) 0.75-, 1.5-, and 3.0-pound rates of TDE; (3) wettable powder, emulsifiable concentrate, ultra-low volume, dust, and bait formulations of TDE; (4) electrostatic and conventional applications of TDE spray and dust, and (5) times of the day when TDE was applied. Significant differences in protection were found with respect to (I) the volume (4 vs. 100 gallons per acre) of TDE spray used, (2) the pressure (5 vs. 150 pounds per square inch) at which TDE spray was applied. (3) the spray angle (15 vs. 55°) used to apply TDE, and (4) the age (2 VS. 7 days) of larvae at the time TDE was applied. Better protection was obtained when applications were directed against 2-day-old larvae, and high volume, high pressure, or narrow spray angle increased this protection. However, protection with the better combinations of volume, pressure, and spray angle seldom exceeded 66%.
Xe2Cl fluorescence and absorption in self-sustained discharge XeCl lasers

Fluorescence at 490 nm from the triatomic excimer Xe2Cl* has been investigated to determine the 308 nm absorption due to this species in an x-ray preionized, self-sustained gas discharge XeCl laser. The dependence of Xe2Cl* density on laser intensity (at 308 nm), buffer gas and Xe and HCl partial pressures has been determined for discharges with a peak electrical power deposition of 2.5 GWl−1. Xe2Cl* absorption is estimated to reach 0.6% cm−1 under non-lasing conditions but decreases to a non-saturable 0.2% cm−1 for intracavity laser intensity>1 MW cm−2. XeCl* and Xe2Cl* fluorescence intensities were found to be a similar for both helium and neon buffer gases but laser output was a factor of two greater with a neon buffer.
Well-targeted design-for-manufacturability[DFM] through test

In summary, test needs to expand its efforts to guide DFM because of product-test's inherent coverage of the physical and electrical configurations in the design, inherent reflection of the impact of imperfections on the product, and ability to account for true product quality (DPM) as well as yield.
The genetics of shovel shape in maxillary central incisors in man

From dental casts of 94 parent-offspring and 127 full-sib pairs, sampled from two Chilean populations, shovelling indices are computed to measure the degree of shovelling of maxillary central incisors quantitatively. Genetic correlations are computed to determine the role of genetic factors in explaining the variation in this trait. Assuming only hereditary factors to be responsible for the transmission of shovel shape, 68% of total variability is ascribed to the additive effect of genes.
Isolation, structure and synthesis of scaposin , a new flavone from hymenoxys scaposa DC (Compositae)

Abstract A new flavone, scaposin, has been isolated from Hymenoxys scaposa (Compositae) and its structure established as 5,5',7-trihydroxy-3',4',6,8-tetramethoxyflavone by synthesis. Scaposin is the most highly oxygenated naturally occuring flavone known.
Agriculture and economic development in Indonesia

Like occasional other articles in Economic Botany, this one is little concerned with botany or plant utilization. Instead, it is a study in agricultural economics and social development in a part of the world where plant products, long produced under colonial management, have been significant items in development.
Separation and measurement of Pa, Th, and U isotopes in marine sediments by microwave-assisted digestion and multiple collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.

This manuscript describes a new protocol for determination of Pa/Th/U in marine sediments. It is based on microwave-assisted digestion and represents an important reduction of working time over con...
Solution processed organic light-emitting diodes with improved cathode interfacial structure

ABSTRACT Interface and its engineering are critical to achieve efficient or ganic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs ). In this presentation, we would like to present a new type of electron transport layer (ETL) based on metal oxide between emissive layer and metal electrode. The metal oxide synthesized by sol-gel process and can be solution processed on top of the emissive layer. The efficiency of OLEDs based on green polyfluorene polymer has found increased significantly, from 15 lumen/watt to 19 lumen/watt compared with our previous cathode structure of Cs 2 CO 3 /Al. The electrochemical properties and electronic structure of the ETL, and energy alignment at the interface are examined to understand the function of this ETL and the contribution to the improvements for device performances. We will present the details of the analysis and the composition of the materials in the presentation. Keywords: metal oxide, OLEDs, solution process 1. INTRODUCTION It is well known that the interface between organic materials and metal contact is an important factor for efficient Organic light emitting devices (OLEDs). The presence of an energy barrier is usually occurred between organic semiconductor and metal electrode, causing the difficulty for charge injection into the active material from the metal contact. With novel interfacial structure, the electron or hole injection can dramatically be improved by lowering the energy barrier and high lumina nce efficiency can be achieved
A METHODOLOGY TO ESTIMATE THE SAMPLING VARIABILITY OF THE CAPABILITY INDEX, Cpk

The capability index, Cpk, is widely used in industry as a measure of the ability of a product or process to stay within externally set tolerance limits. High Cpk values estimated using random samples are interpreted as evidence of tightly controlled pr..
Impulse control disorders and compulsive behaviors associated with dopaminergic therapies in Parkinson disease

Impulse control disorders (ICD) (most commonly pathologic gambling, hypersexuality, and uncontrollable spending) and compulsive behaviors can be triggered by dopaminergic therapies in Parkinson disease (PD). ICD are especially prevalent in patients receiving a dopamine agonist as part of their treatment regimen for PD, and have also been reported when dopamine agonists are used for other indications (e.g., restless legs syndrome). Although these iatrogenic disorders are common, affecting 1 in 7 patients with PD on dopamine agonists, they often elude detection by the treating physician. ICD lead to serious consequences, causing significant financial loss and psychosocial morbidity for many patients and families. ICD can appear at any time during treatment with dopamine agonists, sometimes within the first few months, but most often after years of treatment, particularly when patients receive dopamine agonists and levodopa together. In most cases ICD resolve if the dopamine agonist is withdrawn, and PD motor symptoms are managed with levodopa monotherapy. Familiarity with the clinical aspects, risk factors, pathophysiology, and management of ICD is essential for physicians using dopaminergic therapies to treat PD and other disorders.
Seasonality in plasma thyroxine binding in turtles

The relation between seasonal changes in plasma thyroxine (T4) and T4 binding activity was studied in three species of turtle previously shown to differ in the nature of their binding proteins; additional direct measurements of a high affinity T4 binding protein (TBP) were made in one species using RIA. In the painted turtle, Chrysemys picta (Family Emydidae), a species with large seasonal changes in plasma T4, the binding protein measured by activity and RIA showed significant seasonality. Binding activity correlated with direct estimates of TBP by RIA. TBP was minimal upon emergence from hibernation and maximal in late summer (July–August), about a month after the peak in plasma T4. In contrast, two other nonemydid species, the green turtle (Chelonia mydas) and Mexican tortoise (Gopherus flavomarginatus) showed relatively low plasma T4 and binding activity with no significant seasonality in either. Electrophoretic studies (PAGE) confirmed that T4 binding in C. picta is almost wholly associated with a high affinity, low capacity TBP; whereas, it is confined to high capacity sites (probably albumin) in the other species. The transport of T4 is clearly handled differently in these three turtles. In the green turtle and tortoise, one would expect relatively constant free T4 (fT4) throughout the year. Marked seasonal fluctuations (an order of magnitude) in the ratios of TBP to total T4 in C. picta due to the temporal lag between the two may cause profound changes in fT4 with peaks in late spring.
Hydrodynamic Effects on an Interfacial Film

An interfacial film collected on the upstream face of a barrier on the surface of flowing water (i) develops in two or three distinct stages, (ii) has an equilibrium length inversely proportional to the velocity squared, (iii) exhibits a linear decrease in surface tension, and (iv) exhibits an interfacial shear force proportional to the velocity.
APPLYING THE THEORY OF REASONED ACTION TO CHARITABLE INTENT

The present study applied Fishbein and Ajzen's 1975 theory of reasoned action to the domain of philanthropic behavior. 245 college students completed a questionnaire that assessed attitude and subjective norm regarding intent to create a charitable bequest via will. Attitude and subjective norm accounted for significant amounts of variance in behavioral intentions, consistent with other studies of the theory of reasoned action.
The logical analysis of continuous, non-linear biochemical control networks.

Abstract We propose a mapping to study the qualitative properties of continuous biochemical control networks which are invariant to the parameters used to describe the networks but depend only on the logical structure of the networks. For the networks, we are able to place a lower limit on the number of steady states and strong restrictions on the phase relations between components on cycles and transients. The logical structure and the dynamical behavior for a number of simple systems of biological interest, the feedback (predator-prey) oscillator, the bistable switch, the phase dependent switch, are discussed. We discuss the possibility that these techniques may be extended to study the dynamics of large many component systems.
Computational verb systems: The paradox of the liar

In this paper, the paradox of the liar is studied in the framework of (computational) verb logic. Unlike other research on liar's paradox, which were based on classical logical or fuzzy logic framework, the study of liar's paradox in verb logic emphasizes the contribution of verbs to the perception of TRUTH in verb statements or sentences. A new interpretation of the paradox of the liar under verb logic is presented. Then the conditions under which verb liar's paradoxes occur are presented based on BE-transformations. Based on different paradoxical functions, the concepts of strong and weak verb paradoxes are presented. The main conclusion is that liar's paradoxes in verb logic are dynamical processes with time-varying degrees of being paradox (paradoxical value) and are sensitive to different contexts; namely, different BE-transformations. Another conclusion is that in natural language systems, weak verb paradoxes can be used intuitively correctly due to the uncertainties in brain dynamics and can be useful for expressing human emotions. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Joint maximum likelihood estimation of activation and Hemodynamic Response Function for fMRI

Blood Oxygen Level Dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) maps the brain activity by measuring blood oxygenation level, which is related to brain activity via a temporal impulse response function known as the Hemodynamic Response Function (HRF). The HRF varies from subject to subject and within areas of the brain, therefore a knowledge of HRF is necessary for accurately computing voxel activations. Conversely a knowledge of active voxels is highly beneficial for estimating the HRF. This work presents a joint maximum likelihood estimation of HRF and activation based on low-rank matrix approximations operating on regions of interest (ROI). Since each ROI has limited data, a smoothing constraint on the HRF is employed via Tikhonov regularization. The method is analyzed under both white noise and colored noise. Experiments with synthetic data show that accurate estimation of the HRF is possible with this method without prior assumptions on the exact shape of the HRF. Further experiments involving real fMRI experiments with auditory stimuli are used to validate the proposed method.
The Marinduque intra-arc basin, Philippines: Basin genesis and in situ ophiolite development in a strike-slip setting

The Marinduque basin is a marine intra-arc basin in the north-central Philippine volcanic arc system. A suite of marine geophysical observations show the basin as a whole to be rhombic in shape, with its long axis trending north-northwest. A conspicuous volcanic ridge trends east-northeast across the basin, dividing it into two smaller active depocenters. Symmetric linear magnetic anomalies, striking parallel to, and centered over, the central volcanic ridge indicate that it formed by extension in a north-south direction by a process analogous to sea-floor spreading. Geometric and temporal relations between the central volcanic ridge and several en echelon sets of north-trending, left-stepping faults indicate that sea-floor spreading occurred in the extensional stepover zone of a left-lateral, strike-slip fault system, and that the Marinduque basin as a whole is a composite pull-apart basin whose floor is in part composed of oceanic-type crust. The evolution of the central volcanic ridge presents an actualistic model for in situ development and emplacement of ophiolites in an island-arc setting. The presently active, left-lateral Philippine fault zone truncated the eastern flank of the basin as well as the central volcanic ridge, following their initial formation. Shortening associated with a probable restraining bend in the Philippine fault has resulted in uplift of basin flank sediments, which have been thrust back toward the basin interior. The Philippine fault has also displaced fragments of the ridge and basin floor toward the north. The overall history of the Marinduque basin further suggests that strike-slip processes may play an important role in the origin and growth of intra-arc basins. Such basins may ultimately become isolated in a forearc or backarc setting.
Abstract 1241: Kaempferol suppresses solar ultraviolet radiation-induced skin cancers by targeting RSK2 and MSK1

Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation is the leading factor in the development of skin cancer, which is the most common form of cancer in the United States. Discovering novel chemopreventive agents against this disease is extremely important. Kaempferol, a natural flavonol isolated from tea, broccoli, grapes, apples and other plant sources, is known to have anticancer activity, but its molecular mechanisms and direct target(s) in cancer chemoprevention are still unclear. In this study, our pull-down assay results showed that RSK2 and MSK1 directly interact with kaempferol in both ex vivo and in vitro systems. ATP competition and in vitro kinase assay data revealed that kaempferol interacts with RSK2 and MSK1 at the ATP-binding pocket and inhibits their respective kinase activities. Mechanistic investigations determined that kaempferol acts as an inhibitor of RSK2 and MSK1 kinase activities to attenuate solar UV-induced phosphorylation in mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling cascades in JB6 P+ mouse skin epidermal cells. In a mouse skin tumorigenesis study, kaempferol significantly suppressed solar UV-induced skin carcinogenesis. Further analysis showed that the kaempferol-treated group had a substantial reduction in solar UV-induced phosphorylation of CREB and c-Fos in mouse skin. Taken together, our results identify kaempferol as a safe and novel chemopreventive agent against solar UV-induced skin carcinogenesis that acts by targeting RSK2 and MSK1. Citation Format: Ke Yao, Hanyong Chen, Mee-Hyun Lee, Alyssa Langfald, Myoung Ok Kim, Dong Hoon Yu, Kangdong Liu, Wei-Ya Ma, Ann M. Bode, Ziming Dong, Zigang Dong. Kaempferol suppresses solar ultraviolet radiation-induced skin cancers by targeting RSK2 and MSK1. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1241. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1241
Pfister Ideals in Witt Rings

To a certain extent, the notion of Pfister ideals (especially 1-Pfister ideals) has already been utilized in the literature of quadratic form theory. For instance, Pfister's celebrated Local-Global Principle for formally real fields can be stated in the form that the ideal of forms of total signature zero is a 1-Pfister ideal. As another example, the Annihilator Theorem of Witt states that, for any anisotropic Pfister (or round) form Q, ann(Q)= WF is 1-Pfister. Some of the other occurrences of the notion of Pfister ideals in the literature will be cited in Sect. 2 below.
Extreme archaeological sites and their tourism: a conceptual model from historic American polar expeditions in Svalbard, Franz Josef Land and Northeast Greenland

Differing levels of scholarly study, wide geographic dispersal, tourist visitation and protection by national cultural resource management regimes have left large gaps both in the scholarship and even the possibilities for scholarship at archaeological sites from the history of Arctic exploration. This article summarizes the history of seven American Arctic expeditions, the actual and potential archaeological remains they left behind, and the historic and contemporary use of these sites in Arctic tourism. It then proposes a set of field and cloud computing methodologies for the collection and networking of data to begin to fill the gaps in the records of these expeditions and in the process offer a model for an international scholarly architecture for the interactive study of polar archaeological sites tourism.
Retractions and S-endomorphisms

A map f: S ÷ S where S is a semigroup is a retraction if and only if f2 = f, f is a semigroup homomorphism, and f(S) is a two-slded ideal of S. A map f: S ÷ S is a right S-endomorphism if and only if f(xy) = f(x)y for all x,y ~ S. Note that right S-endomorphlsms are also called left translations. It is well-known ([2], [3]) that when S is a semilattice the above two definitions are equivalent. For an arbitrary semlgroup one can easily show that every retraction is a right S-endomorphlsm. In this brief note we utilize a result of Tamura to chamacterize those semlgroups for which the converse is true. Throughout we let S denote a semigroup. Define the equivalence relation -~, on S by x~y if and only if xz E yz for all z C S and set S = {x: x,~a}. Let R be the set of all right Sa endomorphisms on S, and for each a 6 S let k be a
A Ferroelectric and Charge Hybrid Nonvolatile Memory—Part I: Device Concept and Modeling

We present a new one-transistor hybrid nonvolatile memory based on the combination of two distinctive mechanisms, namely, remanent polarization in ferroelectrics and charge injection into floating nodes. The gate stack design and the memory operation of the hybrid device are aimed to offer mutually complementing benefits between the two mechanisms, thereby presenting superior performance over conventional ferroelectric (FE) FET and gate injection-based Flash memory. During program operation, a high negative bias at the gate orients the ferroelectric polarization to the applied field. In addition, electrons at the gate electrode also tunnel into the floating nodes located between the ferroelectric thin film and the thin top tunnel dielectric and increase the total memory window. High electric displacement in the ferroelectric enables field enhancement in the tunnel dielectric for faster program and erase operations. During retention, the injected electrons reduce the depolarization field in the ferroelectrics, and the remanent polarization reduces the electric field in the tunnel oxide, which helps in the longer retention of the programmed state by the two additive memory mechanisms. Part I evaluates the benefits of the hybrid gate stack through 1-D simulations incorporating the polarization-field (P-E) hysteresis in the ferroelectric layer. The simulations provide a guideline for optimal gate stack design of the proposed hybrid memory. The following Part II then discusses the fabrication and experimental validation.
Social impact of computer vision

From the viewpoint of the economic growth theorist, the broad social impact of improving computer vision should be to improve people's material well-being. Developing computer vision entails building knowledge of perception and interpretation into new devices which enhance the scope and depth of human capability. Some worry that saving lives and replacing tedious jobs through computer vision will burden society with increasing population and unemployment; such worries are unjustified because humans are 'the ultimate resource.' Because development of computer vision has costs as well as benefits, developers who wish to have a positive social impact should pursue projects that promise to pay off in the open market, and should seek private instead of government funding as much as possible.© (1997) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Understanding Responses to Foster Care: Theoretical Approaches

Foster children making the transition from birth to foster homes or from foster homes to foster homes often present problematic behaviors. Limitations of attachment theory and reactive attachment disorder are presented, and three alternative approaches for understanding behaviors exhibited in foster settings are presented: conservation of resources, child alienation model, and developmental trauma disorder.
Redesign modern IP router chips in a 3D technology

The paper discusses the 3D integration of router chips and proposes a 3D architecture of router system. We analyze the bottlenecks of modern router, the advantages of 3D stack and show the potential benefit of applying 3D stack on router chips. By careful architecture level and circuit level optimization, we indicate the router system can be improved greatly with 3D technologies. The key contribution of the paper is to provide a reference for network hardware designer in future works.
Pinus radiata Needle Studies: Fine Structure of Epidermal Cells of the Needle Primordium

Pinus radiata needle primordia were examined for ultrastructural features of their epidermal cells. Epidermal cells consisted of thin walls, a thin cuticle over the outer tangential wall, plasmodesmata in all except the outer tangential wall, moderately dense cytoplasm with poorly differentiated plastids, abundant mitochondria, dictyosomes and rough endoplasmic reticulum, cortical microtubules, and several small vacuoles. A prominent nucleus with often two or more nucleoli was characteristic of these cells.
Dynamic coagulation studies: Influence of normal and abnormal platelets on clot structure formation

Abstract The interaction of platelets with polymerizing fibrin was studied in recalcified plasma systems, utilizing rheological and biochemical techniques. The effect of platelet concentration on the viscoelastic properties (storage and loss moduli) of clots during clot structure formation was ascertained. Maximum storage modulus (a measure of clot strength) increased more than one order of magnitude when platelet-rich plasma rather than platelet-free plasma was clotted and a quantitative relationship between maximum storage modulus and platelet concentration was obtained. Results suggested that clot retraction was a major determinant of clot strength. Studies of samples with abnormal platelet function strongly supported this view, since defective platelet aggregation to ADP, collagen and epinephrine did not affect final clot strength unless accompanied by markedly abnormal clot retraction. It is proposed that rheological studies are useful in examining the interaction of platelets with fibrin and that alterations in such an interaction may be responsible for hemostatic defects associated with quantitative or qualitative platelet disorders.
Evolution of channel morphology and hydrologic response in an urbanizing drainage basin

The Dead Run catchment in Baltimore County, Maryland, has undergone intense urbanization since the late 1950s. Reconstruction of the channel planform from topographic maps dating back to the 1890s and aerial photographs dating back to the 1930s indicates that the channel has remained stable in planform since at least the 1930s. The relative stability of Dead Run contrasts with the alterations in channel morphology reported for other urbanizing streams in the Piedmont physiographic province of the eastern United States. Trend analyses of discharge records in Dead Run show that urban development and stormwater control measures have had significant impacts on the hydrologic response of the catchment. The flood hydraulics of the Dead Run catchment are examined for the event that occurred on 22 June 1972 in association with Hurricane Agnes. A two-dimensional hydraulic model, TELEMAC-2D, was used with a finite-element mesh constructed from a combination of high-resolution LiDAR topographic data and detailed field survey data to analyse the distribution of boundary shear stress and unit stream power along the channel and floodplain during flooding from Hurricane Agnes. The spatial and temporal distributions of these parameters, relative to channel gradient and channel/valley bottom geometry, provide valuable insights on the stability of the Dean Run channel. The stability of Dead Run's channel planform, in spite of extreme flooding and decades of urban development, is most likely linked to geological controls of channel and floodplain morphology. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structural Nanocomposite Bonding Reinforced by Graphite Nanofibers with Surface Treatments

Graphitic carbon nanofibers were used to reinforce epoxy resin to form nanocomposite adhesive bonding. GCNFs having a herringbone atomic structure are surface-derivatized with bifunctional hexanediamine linker molecules capable of covalent binding to an epoxy matrix during thermal curing and are cut to smaller dimension using ultrasonication. Good dispersion and polymer wetting of the GCNF component is evident on the nanoscale. Tensile and shear joint strength measurements were conducted for metal-metal and polymer-polymer joints using pure epoxy and nanocomposite bonding. Very little bonding strength increase, or some bonding strength decrease, was measured.
Microscopic folding-type estimates of fusion barriers in heavy-ion collisions☆

Abstract Microscopic folding-type parameter-free calculations of heavy-ion real potentials are found successful in predicting the experimental fusion data. The potentials calculated neglect exchange effects whose importance is otherwise indicated in the surface and interior regions.
Workshop on perinatal exposure to dioxin-like compounds. V. Immunologic effects.

The immune system comprises a highly integrated network of multiple tissues and cell types with complicated interactions and effects. It is modulated by the endocrine and nervous systems and there ...
Low-Voltage, Low-Power, Organic Light-Emitting Transistors for Active Matrix Displays

Intrinsic nonuniformity in the polycrystalline-silicon backplane transistors of active matrix organic light-emitting diode displays severely limits display size. Organic semiconductors might provide an alternative, but their mobility remains too low to be useful in the conventional thin-film transistor design. Here we demonstrate an organic channel light-emitting transistor operating at low voltage, with low power dissipation, and high aperture ratio, in the three primary colors. The high level of performance is enabled by a single-wall carbon nanotube network source electrode that permits integration of the drive transistor and the light emitter into an efficient single stacked device. The performance demonstrated is comparable to that of polycrystalline-silicon backplane transistor-driven display pixels.
Dynamic systems simulation analysis: A planning tool for the new century

Abstract Dynamic systems simulation analysis is an analytical technique that allows for the modeling of complex, nonlinear systems. While this technique is currently not widely used in the social sciences or in criminal justice planning, the author argues that more attention should be given to these models in criminal justice. These models can be used in a variety of ways—to gain greater insight into processes of system change, to track the development of specific system populations (e.g., drug offenders, elderly offenders), and to estimate projected system growth and change over a variety of legislative and policy scenarios—making them useful tools for theoretical development and policy evaluation, as well as more pragmatic considerations such as program, facilities, and overall system planning. An overview of the methodology and some examples of analyses are presented.
Multiple DNA-dependent RNA polymerases in Trypanosoma cruzi.

DNA-dependent RNA polymerase solubilized from cultured Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes was chromatographed on A-25 Sephadex and gave a single peak of activity. Subsequent phosphocellulose chromatography revealed two peaks of RNA polymerase activity. These peaks have different sensitivities to the toxin α-amanitin. The first peak is 50% inhibited by 17.8 μg ml−1 amanitin while the second peak is 50% inhibited by an amanitin concentration of 44.6 μg ml−1. The activity of both peaks is blocked by actinomycin D, but is unaffected by rifampicin. Each peak is stimulated by Mn2+, and is optimal with single stranded DNA as a template.
Fine‐needle aspiration cytology of sclerosing hemangioma of the lung: Case report with immunohistochemical study

Sclerosing hemangioma of the lung (SHL) is a rare benign neoplasm, usually found incidentally on a routine chest X-ray. We present a case of SHL initially diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration cytology. Cytomorphologic characteristics were confirmed by a cell block examination and immunohistochemical findings. The differential diagnoses of the fine-needle aspiration are discussed.
Lactational Trends in Vitamin B12 Status on Conventional and Restricted-Roughage Rations

Abstract Sixteen Holstein cows were assigned to one of two dietary treatments, control or restricted-roughage, for the first 34 weeks of lactation. Vitamin B 12 in rumen fluid, blood serum, liver, milk and urine was monitored at intervals to determine general trends and to test the hypothesis that roughage restriction would alter the B 12 status of animals on this treatment. The per cent of total vitamin B 12 activity in rumen fluid represented by the vitamin itself was reduced by roughage restriction. This treatment resulted in higher serum, lower liver and milk and higher urine vitamin B 12 activity. Lactational trends are described. Interrelationships among variables suggested the possibility that higher serum B 12 of cows on restricted roughage might be due in part to vitamin B 12 analogues.
Getting in Touch with Your Friends

Microbes use a broad palette of chemical transformations to harvest energy and nutrients, but they do not always accomplish these conversions on their own. Particularly in anaerobic environments, various metabolisms are stimulated by, or depend upon, partnerships ( 1 ). In this form of interaction—termed syntrophy—one organism typically converts the primary resource to an intermediate that can be used by a partner (which perhaps passes it along to the next, and so on). In other cases, one partner may use a resource and provide a different type of service in return, such as a trace vitamin or motility. Recent studies are beginning to shed light on the mechanisms by which such partners communicate and interact and on how such interactions emerge in the first place.
Hepsin activates prostasin and cleaves the extracellular domain of the epidermal growth factor receptor

The epithelial extracellular serine protease activation cascade involves matriptase (PRSS14) and prostasin (PRSS8), capable of modulating epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling. Matriptase activates prostasin by cleaving in the amino-terminal pro-peptide region of prostasin, presumably at the Arg residue of position 44 (R44) of the full-length human prostasin. Using an Arg-to-Ala mutant (R44A) human prostasin, we showed in this report that the cleavage of prostasin by matriptase is at Arg44. This prostasin proteolytic activation site is also cleaved by hepsin (TMPRSS1) to produce active prostasin capable of forming a covalent complex with protease nexin 1 (PN-1). An amino-terminal truncation of EGFR in the extracellular domain (ECD) was observed when the receptor was co-expressed with hepsin. Hepsin and matriptase appear to cleave the EGFR ECD at different sites, while the hepsin cleavage is not affected by active prostasin, which enhances the matriptase cleavage of EGFR. Using hepsin as the prostasin-activating protease in cells co-transfected with EGFR, we showed that active prostasin does not cleave the EGFR ECD directly in the cellular context. Purified active prostasin also does not cleave purified EGFR. Hepsin cleavage of EGFR is not dependent on receptor tyrosine phosphorylation, while the hepsin-cleaved EGFR is phosphorylated at Tyr1068 and no longer responsive to EGF stimulation. The cleavage of EGFR by hepsin does not result in increased phosphorylation of the downstream extracellular signal-regulated kinases (Erk1/2), an event inducible by the matriptase-prostasin cleavage of EGFR. The role of hepsin serine protease should be considered in future studies of epithelial biology concerning matriptase, prostasin, and EGFR.
Antimalarial activity of a cis-terpenone

Malaria is the third most prevalent cause of infectious disease in the world. Resistance of the parasite to classical drugs makes the discovery of new and effective drugs more urgent. The oxidized derivative of hydroxy-cis terpenone (OHCT) is a synthetic molecule that is not toxic to cultured human liver cells at concentrations as high as 60 μM and inhibits activity of cytochrome P450s that metabolize many drugs. OHCT activity against chloroquine-sensitive and -resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum, and a P. falciparum clone that is partially resistant to artemisinin was assayed in vitro. OHCT at nanomolar concentrations was effective against all intraerythrocytic stages of P. falciparum and exhibited activity in vitro against both chloroquine-sensitive and -resistant strains of P. falciparum as well as a P. falciparum clone that is partially resistant to artemisinin. Moreover, OHCT exhibited potent activity against gametocytes, the form that is transmitted by mosquitoes and essential for the spread of malaria. OHCT displays strong growth inhibitory activity against all stages of P. falciparum and no evidence of toxicity to human cells in culture. It is easily synthesized and has the potential for inhibiting metabolism of drugs used in combination therapies.
Evaluation of monitoring cardiac output by long time interval analysis of a radial arterial blood pressure waveform using the MIMIC II database

We recently proposed a technique to estimate relative cardiac output (CO) change by unique long time interval analysis (LTIA) of a radial arterial blood pressure waveform. Here, we evaluated the technique in 169 critically ill patients, while comparing it to previous “pulse contour analysis” techniques, using the public MIMIC II database. The LTIA technique achieved an overall calibrated CO error of 18.8% against reference (single determination) thermodilution measurements. This level of accuracy was not better than the previous techniques. However, the average absolute thermodilution CO change in each patient was only 12.3%. As the absolute CO change increased, the LTIA technique became increasingly more accurate than the previous techniques.