cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Unified Approach to Motion Control of Mobile Manipulators

This paper presents a simple on-line approach for motion control of mobile manipulators comprising a manipulator arm mounted on a mobile base. The proposed approach is equally applicable to nonholonomic mobile robots such as rover-mounted manipulators and holonomic mobile robots such as tracked robots and compound manipulators. For wheeled mobile robots, the nonholonomic base constraints are incorporated directly into the task formulation as kinematic constraints. The configuration control approach is ex tended to exploit the redundancy introduced by the base mobility to perform a set of user-specified additional tasks during the end- effector motion while satisfying the nonholonomic base constraints (if applicable). This approach treats the base nonholonomy and the kinematic redundancy in a unified manner to formulate new task constraints. The computational efficiency of the proposed control scheme makes it particularly suitable for real-time implementation. Two simulation studies are presented to demons...
A general method for detection and recording of component bands in chromatography with liquid eluents

Abstract A method for the detection and recording of component bands has been described. It was found to be sufficiently general to insure its applicability to a wide variety of solvent-solute systems, and since it senses the column effluent it is independent of the type of chromatographic column used. It appears to be readily adaptable to the quantitative estimation of non-volatile solute bands for which it is based on essentially a colligative property, and it appears applicable, with specific calibration, to volatile solute bands as well.
INNOVATIVENESS AND PRICE SENSITIVITY: MANAGERIAL, THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES

Presents a simple and concise survey method for measuring price sensitivity and illustrates its use by examining the relationship between innovativeness and price sensitivity within a specific product category. The results of a survey of 457 students revealed a negative relationship between fashion innovativeness and fashion price sensitivity, thereby confirming previous studies. Additional analyses showed that the individual scale items and the short summed scales operationalizing the constructs possessed discriminant validity, enhancing the credibility of the findings. Discusses applications of this self‐report method for measuring price sensitivity to other pricing issues.
Advantages of Mott barrier mixer diodes

It is shown that the high-frequency performance of miter diodes can be appreciably improved by employing a Mort barrier instead of a Schottky barrier. The larger junction diameters possible with Mott structures also allow a better burnout capability and improved mechanical stability.
Micro-simulation of large scale evacuations utilizing metrorail transit

Abstract Public transit plays an important role in emergency evacuations, particularly for areas where public transit serves as a major commute mode for commuters. Microsimulation techniques provide great flexibility in assessing different scenarios in emergency situations. Combining GIS-based network analysis with microsimulation techniques, this study developed a framework to simulate emergency evacuations using rail transit. Applying the framework to a hypothetical attack on the Pentagon, this study investigated the performance of the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority’s Metrorail for large-scale evacuations. A network-based analysis was performed to estimate the number of riders in association with each metro line and station. Using VISSIM, a multi-mode micro-simulation software package, this study integrated a pedestrian model with a Metrorail transit model to evaluate the performance of the Metrorail in the hypothetical evacuations. The simulation results suggested that if the potential of Metrorail transit is effectively utilized, it could be very useful resource during a large-scale evacuation. This study demonstrated the great potential and flexibility of microsimulation techniques for evaluating complex evacuation scenarios and strategies. The framework and approach used in this study can be applied to analyze other similar situations and help develop effective evacuation plans.
A Large Scale Process for Paclitaxel and other Taxanes from the Needles of Taxus x Media Hicksii and Taxus Floridana Using Reverse Phase Column Chromatography

Abstract Although the renewable, needle bio-mass of Taxus x media Hicksii was proposed as the future source for paclitaxel in 1990, no details for the actual isolation of paclitaxel and other taxanes have been published, other than testing the extracts by HPLC analysis. Compared to the bark, the needle source poses additional problems, eg. chlorophylls, waxes and co-eluting taxanes, and thus, there is a need for an efficient method. We have developed a new large-scale process based on a single reverse phase column, which takes the CHCl3 extract of T x media Hicksii directly, and is eluted with acetonitrile (30–60%) in water. Paclitaxel and five other taxanes crystallize out from the fractions, and they are filtered and recrystallized. The taxanes that co-elute with paclitaxel are removed by ozonolysis and a short silica column to give paclitaxel in a yield of 0.012–0.015 % from the dry needles. The needle mass of T. floridana was also processed by the same method on a pilot-plant scale. From the fresh nee...
Electroclinical correlates of flumazenil and fluorodeoxyglucose PET abnormalities in lesional epilepsy

Objective: To analyze the clinical utility of [ 11 C]flumazenil (FMZ) PET to detect perilesional and remote cortical areas of abnormal benzodiazepine receptor binding in relation to MRI, 2-deoxy-2-[ 18 F]fluoro-d-glucose (FDG) PET, and electrocorticographic (ECoG) findings as well as clinical characteristics of the epilepsy in epileptic patients with brain lesion. Background: The success of resective surgery in patients with medically intractable epilepsy and brain lesion depends not only on removal of the lesion itself but also on the reliable presurgical delineation of the epileptic cortex that commonly extends beyond it. PET could provide a noninvasive identification of such epileptogenic areas. Methods: Seventeen patients underwent high resolution MRI, FDG and FMZ PET, and presurgical EEG evaluation, including chronic intracranial ECoG monitoring or intraoperative ECoG. Regional cortical FDG/FMZ PET abnormalities were defined on partial volume-corrected PET images using an objective method based on a semiautomated definition of areas with abnormal asymmetry. Structural lesions were defined on coregistered MRI. The marked PET abnormalities visualized on three-dimensional cortical surface were compared with each other, to the extent of MRI-defined lesion, as well as to ECoG findings. Results: The mean surface extent of FMZ PET abnormalities was significantly larger than the corresponding structural lesions, but it was significantly smaller than areas of glucose hypometabolism. The size of perilesional FDG PET abnormalities showed a correlation with the lifetime number of seizures ( r = 0.93, p = 0.001). The extent of perilesional FMZ PET abnormalities was independent of the seizure number and showed an excellent correspondence with spiking cortex, the resection of which resulted in seizure-free outcome in all but one operated patient. Remote FMZ PET abnormalities (n = 6) were associated with early age at seizure onset ( p = 0.048) and appeared in ipsilateral synaptically connected regions from the lesion area. Conclusions: Three-dimensional surface-rendered FMZ PET is able to delineate perilesional epileptic cortex, and it may be especially useful to localize such areas in patients with extensive perilesional glucose hypometabolism associated with a large number of seizures. Remote FMZ PET abnormalities in patients with early onset and long duration of epilepsy might represent secondary epileptogenesis, but this requires further study.
Safety of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 monovalent vaccines in taiwan: a self-controlled case series study

In Taiwan, new H1N1 monovalent vaccines without adjuvant and with MF59® adjuvant were used in the nationwide vaccination campaign beginning on November 1, 2009. From November 2009 through February 2010, the authors identified recipients of H1N1 vaccines who were diagnosed with adverse events of special interest (AESIs) in a large-linked safety database, and used the self-controlled case series (SCCS) method to examine the risk of each AESI in the 0-42 days after H1N1 vaccination. Of the 3.5 million doses of H1N1 vaccines administered and captured in the linked database, the SCCS analysis of Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) found an incidence rate ratio of 3.81 (95% confidence interval 0.43-33.85) within 0-42 days after nonadjuvanted H1N1 vaccination and no cases after MF59®-adjuvanted H1N1 vaccination. The risks of other AESIs were, in general, not increased in any of the predefined postvaccination risk periods and age groups. The databases and infrastructure created for H1N1 vaccine safety evaluation may serve as a model for safety, effectiveness and coverage studies of licensed vaccines in Taiwan.
121Sb Mössbauer spectroscopy in complex group I antimony oxides

Abstract Mossbauer studies using 121Sb have been carried out on a number of sodium, silver, and potassium antimony oxides. The variation observed in isomer shift for Sb(V) have been correlated with structural changes in the oxides. Some Sb(III) is present in most of the oxides with the pyrochlore structure, but no samples of this type were found with more than 25 per cent of the antimony as Sb(III). The Mossbauer technique readily yields the Sb(III)/Sb(V) ratio. Some conclusions regarding bonding are presented.
An efficient multiple access scheme for voltage control in smart grid using WiMAX

An efficient WiMAX-based multiple access scheme for the state updating in voltage control is introduced. The scheme, called sample-contention scheme, addresses the problem of optimally bringing deviated voltage to a predefined reference level with minimum communication resources by taking advantage of the sparseness of voltage disturbance. An n-sample interval is defined, in which randomly selected voltage monitors broadcast their voltage states and help other unselected ones prioritize transmissions of voltage-state-report using the Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE). By analyzing the successful transmission in contention access interval (m-contend), a contention based multiple access is devised. Numerical simulation results show that the sample-contention scheme can reduce the control cost by 20%, compared with the simple round-robin scheduling scheme.
Reconfigurable body worn antenna for Bluetooth and WiMAX

The paper presents a frequency reconfigurable microstrip patch antenna printed on a textile substrate. It can be tuned by using active circuitry between Bluetooth and WiMAX operating at 2.4 GHz and 2.5 GHz frequency bands respectively. Indigo blue jeans having relative permittivity 1.68 with thickness 1 mm is used as a textile substrate. The frequency reconfiguration is achieved by switching the PIN diodes in ON and OFF states. To operate the antenna at desired frequency bands, the patch shape, substrate parameters, type and location of the feed are analyzed. Simulations are carried out Ansoft HFSS v13.
Accuracy of self-reported tobacco assessments in a head and neck cancer treatment population

Prospective analysis was performed of self-reported and biochemically confirmed tobacco use in 50 head and neck cancer patients during treatment. With 93.5% compliance to complete weekly self-report and biochemical confirmatory tests, 29.4% of smokers required biochemical assessment for identification. Accuracy increased by 14.9% with weekly vs. baseline self-reported assessments. Data confirm that head and neck cancer patients misrepresent true tobacco use during treatment.
Hydrodynamically induced cross stream migration of dissolved macromolecules (modelled as nonlinearly elastic dumbbells)

Abstract The hydrodynamically induced cross-stream migration of a nonlinear elastic dumbbell in nonhomogeneous flows is considered. A generally valid expression for the migration velocity is derived and the result applied to viscometric flows. Effects of elasticity and size of the particle, as well as the strength of the flow field, are studied in detail for channel flow and for circular Couette flow. Estimates of the dynamics of developments of non-uniform concentration profiles are discussed.
Photolysis, Sonolysis, and Photosonolysis of Trichloroethane (TCA), Trichloroethylene (TCE), and Tetrachloroethylene (PCE) Without Catalyst

Photolysis, sonolysis, and photosonolysis of common groundwater contaminants, namely 1,1,1-trichloroethane, trichloroethylene, and tetrachloroethylene, were investigated using a flow-through photosono reactor system. Simulated groundwater containing the chlorinated volatile organic compounds (VOCs) was exposed to ultraviolet light (UV), ultrasonication (US), and UV and US concurrently (UVUS), without a photo catalyst. VOC removal efficiencies of the UV, US, and UVUS treatment processes were computed from the VOC concentrations in influent and effluent of the reactor. The process using UVUS exhibited larger degradation efficiencies than that with UV and US separately in most cases; however, statistical analysis showed that the UVUS treatment efficiency is likely to be additive of the UV and US treatment efficiencies. The results also showed that the increase of the detention time from 26 to 60 min had no significant effect on the VOC removal efficiencies in these processes.
Technology Insight: magnetic resonance angiography for the evaluation of patients with peripheral artery disease.

In this instructive Therapy Insight, Dellegrottaglie et al. examine the role of magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) in the initial diagnosis and subsequent management of patients with peripheral arterial disease, comparing this technique with other diagnostic modalities. They explain, in simple terms, current MRA methodologies and ongoing technical improvements as they apply to the evaluation of lower extremity vessels.
Creating and evaluating interactive formal courseware for mathematics and computing

The application of the the Nupri proof development system to the teaching of college-level mathematics is explored. The advantages of this method include the flexibility to accommodate the needs of students with very diverse backgrounds and the creation of an environment that encourages collaborative learning.
A model for instrumentation system management in concurrent computer systems

An instrumentation system is a measurement-based performance evaluation abstraction. Management of an instrumentation system becomes critical when tracing is enabled on an application program that runs for an excessively long period of time. This paper presents queuing models for two instrumentation system management policies, namely flush-one-when-it-fills (FOF) and flush-all-when-one-fills (FAOF). The performance results obtained analytically are compared to results obtained through trace-driven simulation. An appropriate instrumentation system management policy ensures optimal usage of the available local memory space to avoid excessive flushes of the local buffers or perturbation of the program behavior. The results show that each of the FOF and FAOF policies is suitable for one of these two objectives: the FAOF policy requires a smaller number of flushes but with greater perturbation; the converse is true for the FOF policy. Therefore, a compromise between these two policies may be needed when implementing the instrumentation system management policy. >
Native Americans, Conversion, and Christian Practice in Colonial New England, 1640—1730

Fortunately, the two travelers arrived before sunset. Earlier in the day, on 5 May 1674, John Eliot and Daniel Gookin had set out from Boston for Wamesit, the northernmost of the fourteen Indian “praying towns” within the Massachusetts Bay Colony, and the one most subjected to retaliatory attacks from raiding bands of Mohawks in the previous few years. Upon safe arrival, the Englishmen greeted their Pennacook friends and gathered as many as they could at the wigwam of Wannalancet, the head sachem of Wamesit, where Eliot, the aging missionary to the Indians, proceeded to talk about the meaning of the parable of the marriage of the king's son in Matthew 22:1—4. Wannalancet, according to Gookin, was a “sober and grave person, and of years, between fifty and sixty”; he had from the beginning been “loving and friendly to the English,” and in return they had tried to encourage him to embrace Christianity. Although the English missionaries would have desired him to readily accept the gospel message they preached, Wannalancet voluntarily incorporated Christian practices slowly, over time, without necessarily repudiating his native culture and traditional religious practices.1 For four years Wannalancet “had been willing to hear the word of God preached”; when Eliot or other missionaries made their periodic visits to Wamesit, Wannalancet made sure he was there. Over time, Wannalancet adopted the English practices of keeping the Sabbath, learning to go to any available meeting or instruction, fellowshipping, and refraining from various activities proscribed by the town's praying leaders. Despite all that, however, the English missionaries still complained that he “hath stood off” since he had “not yielded up himself personally.”2
Participants' willingness to consume soy foods for lowering cholesterol and receive counselling on cardiovascular disease by nutrition professionals.

Objectives: To determine if participants would be interested in consuming soy foods to lower cholesterol in primary and secondary prevention of heart disease, and to identify the role physicians and registered dietitians have in providing dietary advice, about soy foods or other foods, for participants with elevated cholesterol. Methodology: Qualitative data from 12 focus groups were gathered from a convenience sample of 74 adults, aged 18-91 years, with and without high cholesterol (total cholesterol >200 mg dl -1 ). Participants were recruited from Minneapolis/St. Paul mainstream and natural foods grocery stores. Focus group interviews were taped and transcribed verbatim. Common themes were identified, coded and compared using NVivo computer software. Results: Participants believed diet, lifestyle and genetics were the cause of high cholesterol and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Few participants were aware of the Food and Drug Administration health claim for soy protein, yet many were willing to consume soy as part of lifestyle modification to prevent CVD. They reported preferring food and exercise over medication to treat high cholesterol. Few participants had ever received dietary advice from physicians on treating high cholesterol or CVD, and most doubted the accuracy of such advice. They believed registered dietitians were the most credible source of nutrition counselling and expressed an interest in physician referrals to dietitians. Conclusions: A collaboration and referral system between physicians and registered dietitians could increase CVD patients' consumption of soy foods as a means potentially leading to a reduced risk of heart disease in participants.
Polymorphic pipeline array: a flexible multicore accelerator with virtualized execution for mobile multimedia applications

Mobile computing in the form of smart phones, netbooks, and personal digital assistants has become an integral part of our everyday lives. Moving ahead to the next generation of mobile devices, we believe that multimedia will become a more critical and product-differentiating feature. High definition audio and video as well as 3D graphics provide richer interfaces and compelling capabilities. However, these algorithms also bring different computational challenges than wireless signal processing. Multimedia algorithms are more complex featuring more control flow and variable computational requirements where execution time is not dominated by innermost vector loops. Further, data access is more complex where media applications typically operate on multi-dimensional vectors of data rather than single-dimensional vectors with simple strides. Thus, the design of current mobile platforms requires re-examination to account for these new application domains. In this work, we focus on the design of a programmable, low-power accelerator for multimedia algorithms referred to as a Polymorphic Pipeline Array, or PPA. The PPA is designed with flexibility and programmability as first-order requirements to enable the hardware to be dynamically customizable to the application. PPAs exploit pipeline parallelism found in streaming applications to create a coarse-grain hardware pipeline to execute streaming media applications. PPA resources are allocated to each stage depending on its size and ability to exploit fine-grain parallelism. Experimental results show that real-time media applications can take advantage of the static and dynamic configurability for increased power efficiency.
Life-Threatening Asthma: Pathophysiology and Management

Asthma prevalence and mortality have been increasing over the past 2 decades, despite advances in medical therapy. In 2003 the National Health Interview Survey reported over 4,000 asthma-related deaths. A small proportion of people with severe asthma use a large proportion of health-care resources and bear the burden of asthma-related morbidity and mortality. The management of acute asthma is complex and evolving. Understanding the phenotypes and pathophysiology of acute asthma will lead to increased recognition and characterization of populations at risk for fatal asthma. The early identification and appropriate management of acute asthma is critical in decreasing asthma morbidity and mortality. This paper reviews current pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic management of severe acute asthma.
A machine system for the rapid production of composite structures

A rapid manufacturing process for thermosetting materials was developed to produce composite structures in a manner similar to rapid prototyping. The machine system builds the part layer by layer with continuous curing and consolidation, making traditional curing methods unnecessary. Each part layer, which has been prestaged to provide a desired degree of cure, moves under a heat gun and a roller for curing and consolidation. The heat gun initiates the cure in the part layer, partially curing it and making it tacky enough for the next layer to stick to it when it goes through the consolidation process. The cure continues to advance as each layer is placed. Testing was performed by fabricating three-layer parts and performing tests on single strips of towpreg to determine how temperature and time affect the degree of cure. The material was IM7 carbon fiber/977-3 epoxy towpreg, prestaged in a tunnel oven to an approximate 30% degree of cure. Hot air temperatures of 150 – 380°C (302 – 716°F), roller forces of 236 – 472 N (53 – 106 Ibf), table speeds of 13 – 38 mm/sec (0.5 – 1.5 in/sec), and times of exposure to hot air of 5, 10, and 20 seconds were used. The results showed that the machine system can continuously cure and consolidate parts. The cure was advanced to any level up to 100% degree of cure with an air temperature of 380°C. Parts were produced with layers well stuck together. Within the limitations of the experiments, temperature was determined to be the most significant factor affecting degree of cure. With the correct processing conditions, the machine system has the capability to produce well-consolidated, high quality parts without using traditional curing methods. The design of the machine system allows for the addition of components for the fabrication of arbitrarily shaped parts and for different curing methods.
Crystallization and annealing of polyethylene

The kinetic theory of nucleation and crystal growth rather well predicts the thickness of polyethylene single crystals isothermally crystallized from melt but fails with crystals grown from dilute solutions. The latter case is in better agreement with the theory of thermodynamic stability of single crystals. Density variation of bulk samples during annealing above the temperature of crystal formation is the consequences of adaptation of the density deficient surface layer of the every single crystal from the smaller thickness corresponding to crystallization to the larger one of annealing temperature and by a linear thickness increase with log t. The thickening rate increases with higher temperature and smaller molecular weight. The same effects also explain the slow density increase during secondary crystallization from melt and the small deviations of primary crystallization from AVRAMI's theory. Die sog. Kinetische Theorie der Keimbildung und des Kristallwachstums liefert ziemlich gute Werte fur die Dicke von Polyathylenkristallen, die bei konstanter Kristallisationstemperatur aus der Schmelze gewonnen wurden, versagt dagegen vollig im Falle von aus verdunnter Losung auskristallisierten Einkristallen. Deren Dicke wird besser durch Ergebnisse der Theorie der thermodynamischen Stabilitat von Polyathyleneinkristallen wiedergegeben. Die Dichteanderung von Polyathylenproben wahrend des Tempervorgangs bei Temperaturen oberhalb der Kristallisationstemperatur ist die Floge der sich in Abhangigkeit von dieser Temperaturerhohoung vergroserten Dicke der Oberflachenschichten mit ihrer niedrigen Dichte sowie des dem Logarithmus der Zeit proportionalen Wachstums der Kristalldicke. Die Wachstumsgeschwindigkeit nimmt mit steigender Temperatur und abnehmendem Molekulargewicht zu. Die gleichen Effekte erklaren auch den auserst langsamen Dichteanstieg wahrend der sekundaren Kristallisation aus der Schmelze und die kleinen Abweichungen der primaren Kristallisation von der AVRAMIschen Theorie.
Cluster Analysis Reveals Important Determinants of Cardiometabolic Risk Patterns in Filipino Women

With modernization, the Philippines has experienced increasing rates of obesity and related cardiometabolic diseases. Studying how risk factors cluster in individuals may offer insight into cardiometabolic disease etiology. We used cluster analysis to group women who share the following cardiometabolic biomarkers: fasting triglycerides, HDL-C and LDL-C, C-reactive protein, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, and fasting glucose. Participants included 1,768 women (36-69 years) in the Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey. We identified five distinct clusters characterized by: 1) low levels of all risk factors (except HDL-C and LDL-C) or ”healthy”; 2) low HDL-C in the absence of other risk factors; 3) elevated blood pressure; 4) insulin resistance; and 5) high C-reactive protein. We identified predictors of cluster membership using multinomial logistic regression. Clusters differed by age, menopausal status, socioeconomic status, saturated fat intake, and combinations of overweight (BMI ＞23) and high waist circumference (＞80 cm). In comparison to the healthy cluster, overweight women without high waist circumference were more likely to be in the high CRP cluster (OR=2.26, 95% CI=1.24-4.11), while women with high waist circumference and not overweight were more likely to be in the elevated blood pressure (OR=2.56, 95% CI=1.20-5.46) or insulin resistant clusters (OR=4.05, 95% CI=1.39-11.8). In addition, a diet lower in saturated fat uniquely increased the likelihood of membership to the low HDL-C cluster. Cluster analysis identified biologically meaningful groups, predicted by modifiable risk factors; this may have implications for the prevention of cardiometabolic diseases.
Aase syndrome: Novel radiographic features

We report on a female with hypoplastic anemia and abnormally digitalized thumbs who presented with growth failure and novel osseous radiologic abnormalities. In addition to thumb anomalies, abnormalities of the clavicles, ilia, distal sacrum, and coccyx and described. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Structural Determinants of ‘Clienthood’

is described in this article resulted from the profound intuitive belief of the authors that, despite the over whelming objective evidence to the contrary provided by a number of re search studies, clinicians do help cli ents.1 But how can the discrepancy between this intuitive assessment and the objective assessment of re search studies by explained? The authors began their search for an ex planation by trying to resolve the dis crepancy between the findings of clin ical wisdom and the findings of re search methodology. This required focusing on three crucial practice questions that are examined only tangently in the literature, namely, (1) What distinguishes true clients from nonclients? (2) Is contracting the process by which applicants be come clients? and (3) If contracting is not, what is the process by which applicants become clients? This article discusses the resolu tion of the discrepancy between clin ical wisdom and research methodol ogy on the effectiveness of clinical practice. It then presents an analyt ical model designed to provide an swers to the three practice questions just presented.
Supratentorial dural-based haemangioblastoma in a Native American patient without Von Hippel Lindau Syndrome

We report the case of a forty-nine year-old Native American female who presented with two-month history of headaches and unsteady gait. MRI brain showed a 6.5 cm by 5 cm enhancing dural-based mass with leftward midline shift. She was taken to the operating room for gross-total tumor resection. Pathology was supratentorial haemangioblastoma. This is the first known case of a supratentorial dural-based haemangioblastoma in a person of Native American descent. We review the literature and describe the unique characteristics of this tumor.
Teacher Beliefs and Their Influence on Technology Use: A Case Study

In this article, the authors describe a case study approach used to examine the complexities and contradictions of ways teachers perceive and implement technology in a seventh-grade social studies class. The participants in this qualitative research study were a 13-year veteran social studies teacher and the student intern who worked with this teacher during a year-long professional development school experience in a culturally and economically diverse middle grades school. Using interviews and classroom observations, the authors portrayed the beliefs and practices of the two participants in relation to their views of technology and its uses in the classroom. The findings support and deepen current literature and suggest that, although teachers believe that technology can be used to help engage students in thinking critically to promote self-regulated learning and improve literacy skills, such beliefs do not always come to fruition in actual classroom practice.
Robert H. Jackson's Oral Arguments before the New York Court of Appeals

Robert H. Jackson was a New Yorker from boyhood until he went to Washington to join the New Deal in 1934. He also was a great courtroom advocate for the government, including as Solicitor General of the United States and, as an Associate Justice on leave from the Supreme Court, as chief United States prosecutor of the principal surviving Nazi leaders before the International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg, Germany. This essay describes a slice of Jackson's advocacy career that is much less well known: the cases that he argued as a private lawyer before the New York Court of Appeals between 1918 and 1931. Although Jackson's win-loss record as a young lawyer before that Court was 2-5, he displayed the impressive talent that later brought him such great renown.
Public Domain Sharing, Patents, and Fees Resulting from Research Involving Genetic Databases

The paper is a draft chapter of a forthcoming book discussing the ethical and legal issues of human genetic databases. Reporting data collected as part of a qualitative research project, the present chapter discusses some aspects of the commercialization of genetic research. In addressing the commercialization debate, we focus on three areas: the obligation to put data in the public domain; patenting rights and publicly funded research; and, the admissibility of fees imposed on researchers using a repository. The findings of this study suggest that commercialization is a very controversial topic. The different views are difficult to reconcile because they reflect substantial disagreements about the basic purpose of scientific research and the appropriate conditions for its conduct. Therefore, the debate on patenting rights and commercial exploitation of genetic research is not easily settled. Indeed controversies may well heat up in the future, given the increasing need for studies involving multiple populations in different regions of the world.
Influence of species, size and relative abundance on the outcomes of competitive interactions between brook trout and juvenile coho salmon

Resource competition between animals is influenced by a number of factors including the species, size and relative abundance of competing individuals. Stream-dwelling animals often experience variably available food resources, and some employ territorial behaviors to increase their access to food. We investigated the factors that affect dominance between resident, non-native brook trout and recolonizing juvenile coho salmon in the Elwha River, WA, USA, to see if brook trout are likely to disrupt coho salmon recolonization via interference competition. During dyadic laboratory feeding trials, we hypothesized that fish size, not species, would determine which individuals consumed the most food items, and that species would have no effect. We found that species, not size, played a significant role in dominance; coho salmon won 95% of trials, even when only 52% the length of their brook trout competitors. As the pairs of competing fish spent more time together during a trial sequence, coho salmon began to con...
Quantification of photoinduced order increase in liquid crystals with naphthopyran guests.

Photoinduced order-increasing phase transitions can occur in dye-liquid crystal mixtures when the photoproduct of the excitation of the dye molecules is more compatible with the liquid crystalline medium than the initial dye species. A detailed investigation of the photoinduced changes of the phase behavior and optical properties of mixtures of liquid crystals with naphthopyran guests upon exposure to light at 365 nm is presented here. In these guest-host systems, the nematic-to-isotropic phase transition temperature is increased upon irradiation. We show that the nematic range can be extended up to 2.9 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C by illumination in 5CB ($4\ensuremath{-}n$-pentyl-4\ensuremath{'}-cyanobiphenyl) liquid crystal mixtures. The order parameter is significantly increased by illumination at all temperatures within the nematic range and the changes are larger at higher concentrations of the guests. In particular, the illuminated guest-host mixtures exhibit order parameters close to those of the neat liquid crystal host at the same temperature relative to the clearing point. An improved understanding of the photophysical processes taking place at the molecular level in these material systems can inform the design of photoresponsive materials and enhance their potential utility in optical or photonic devices.
Multiplier method based on intermediate variables

In order to use multiplier method to solve structural optimization problem more effectively, two kinds of intermediate variables, reciprocal variable and mixed variable, are introduced into multiplier method, and a new multiplier method based on intermediate variables is proposed. In the new method, the construction and solution of the unconstrained subproblem based on augmented Lagrange function, and the iteration and convergence of the arithmetic are all in line with intermediate variables. Only the value and gradient of objective function and constraint functions are achieved in line with original variables. Two simulation examples with high nonlinearity are adopted to test the new method, and the results show that the new method has good convergence and has faster convergence speed than common multiplier method.
Intravenous Methylprednisolone Efficacy in Status Asthmaticus of Childhood

Forty-nine nonsteroid-dependent children hospitalized with status asthmaticus were randomized to receive IV placebo or methylprednisolone treatment (1 mg/kg every six hours). All patients received nebulized isoetharine inhalations and continuous IV aminophylline infusion. Twenty-four hours after admission, the methylprednisolone-treated patients demonstrated a greater rate of improvement in their clinical scoring index than did placebo-treated children. However, the duration of hospital stay was not significantly shortened. Twenty-eight of the patients performed serial bedside spirometry at 0, 12, 24, and 36 hours after admission. The methyl-prednisolone-treated patients experienced a more rapid recovery from peripheral airway obstruction as measured by forced expiratory flow rate during 25% to 75% of forced vital capacity (FEF25-75). The magnitude and rate of improvement in FEF25-75 was significantly greater at 36 hours (P less than .05) and independent of changes in peak expiratory flow rate, forced vital capacity, or forced expiratory volume in the first second of forced vital capacity. Placebo-treated patients had a higher incidence of asthma relapse within 4 weeks of discharge (eight v two relapses, P less than .05). Findings of this study indicate that IV corticosteroid therapy is beneficial in treating pediatric status asthmaticus.
Modifying Surface Energy of Graphene via Plasma-Based Chemical Functionalization to Tune Thermal and Electrical Transport at Metal Interfaces.

The high mobility exhibited by both supported and suspended graphene, as well as its large in-plane thermal conductivity, has generated much excitement across a variety of applications. As exciting as these properties are, one of the principal issues inhibiting the development of graphene technologies pertains to difficulties in engineering high-quality metal contacts on graphene. As device dimensions decrease, the thermal and electrical resistance at the metal/graphene interface plays a dominant role in degrading overall performance. Here we demonstrate the use of a low energy, electron-beam plasma to functionalize graphene with oxygen, fluorine, and nitrogen groups, as a method to tune the thermal and electrical transport properties across gold-single layer graphene (Au/SLG) interfaces. We find that while oxygen and nitrogen groups improve the thermal boundary conductance (hK) at the interface, their presence impairs electrical transport leading to increased contact resistance (ρC). Conversely, function...
Blind Peer Review by Academic Journals

The peer review process is central to the advancement of scholarly knowledge and is vital to the advancement of individual careers. With so much at stake, it is important to examine, and reexamine, issues pertaining to the fairness and quality of peer review on an ongoing basis. One central issue is blinding. In this chapter, we review evidence from across a variety of disciplines on the efficacy of blinding as a means of reducing bias and yielding higher quality reviews. We find that evidence is, in general, inconclusive. Most, though not all, benefits attributable to blinding are contingent on blinding being successful. Therefore, we also review evidence on the feasibility and efficacy of blinding and find that blinding is moderately effective. We conclude by examining the views of stakeholders in the peer review process and determine that, although the evidence is mixed, there is broad support for blinding.
Tunable regulation of CREB DNA binding activity couples genotoxic stress response and metabolism

cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) is a key regulator of glucose metabolism and synaptic plasticity that is canonically regulated through recruitment of transcriptional coactivators. Here we show that phosphorylation of CREB on a conserved cluster of Ser residues (the ATM/CK cluster) by the DNA damage-activated protein kinase ataxia-telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) and casein kinase1 (CK1) and casein kinase2 (CK2) positively and negatively regulates CREB-mediated transcription in a signal dependent manner. In response to genotoxic stress, phosphorylation of the ATM/CK cluster inhibited CREB-mediated gene expression, DNA binding activity and chromatin occupancy proportional to the number of modified Ser residues. Paradoxically, substoichiometric, ATM-independent, phosphorylation of the ATM/CK cluster potentiated bursts in CREB-mediated transcription by promoting recruitment of the CREB coactivator, cAMP-regulated transcriptional coactivators (CRTC2). Livers from mice expressing a non-phosphorylatable CREB allele failed to attenuate gluconeogenic genes in response to DNA damage or fully activate the same genes in response to glucagon. We propose that phosphorylation-dependent regulation of DNA binding activity evolved as a tunable mechanism to control CREB transcriptional output and promote metabolic homeostasis in response to rapidly changing environmental conditions.
Exploring Oxidation State Dependent Conformational Changes of Cytochrome C on Cardiolipin Containing Liposomes

¬A combination of circular dichroism, absorption and fluorescence spectroscopies were used to study the binding of oxidized and reduced cytochrome c to cardiolipin (CL) containing liposomes with different CL content as a function of cardiolipin concentration. Recently, our group provided evidence for a two-step binding process of the oxidized (ferricytochrome) state to CL containing liposomes. The second step of binding converts a native-like to a more unfolded structure in which M80 is replaced either by a lysine of a histidine as axial ligand. The conversion into this more unfolded conformation was found to be partially inhibited in the presence of NaCl. Currently we are investigating whether the initial binding and/or the equilibrium between the two membrane bound conformers depends on pH. Our work with the reduced (ferrocytochrome) state has revealed a dependence on NaCl for stability. In the absence of NaCl and at aerobic environment, the protein becomes oxidized upon binding to CL containing liposomes. When NaCl is added to the solution, it stabilizes the reduced state on the liposome surface and inhibits the auto-oxidation. At anaerobic conditions and in the absence of NaCl, the protein undergoes a notable conformational change, but clearly maintains its reduced state. This shows that the obtained oxidation of the protein involves the reduction of molecular oxygen. We are in the process of exploring the pH dependence of the underlying change of the protein's redox potential.
Vehicle detection in urban point clouds with orthogonal-view convolutional neural network

In this paper, we aim at detecting vehicles from the point clouds scanned from the urban area. Our detection method consists of a segmentation stage and a classification stage. Prior knowledge for vehicles and urban environment is utilized to help the detection process. Specifically, we incorporate curb detection and removal in the segmentation stage. Moreover, our approach is able to estimate the orientation of the candidates and use it to handle the difficult cases such as the vehicles in the parking lot. In order to distinguish the vehicles from other segments among the 3D point cloud candidates, we develop three architectures of the orthogonal-view CNN, which are based on the orthogonal view projections of the candidates. Detailed evaluations and comparisons are performed on a challenging point cloud dataset of urban area.
Revolution and Constitutionalism in the Ottoman Empire and Iran

The Iranian Constitutional Revolution of 1906 has been the focus of a broad range of scholarly studies that have addressed one or more of its multiple aspects—hence there are works written from eco...
Vibrational Spectra of Liquid Crystals — XIII: Crystallization Kinetics Study Of 4, Octyloxy, 4↑, Cyano Biphenyl By Rapid Raman Spectroscopy

There has been considerable discussion over the years of the role of metastable crystalline phases in the thermodynamics of liquid crystals. Many studies have attempted to draw information about the liquid crystalline phases from a study of the metastable crystalline phases. Particularly active in this regard has been studies using infrared and Raman spectroscopy.
A process for evaluating tree-consistency

General knowledge about conceptual classes represented in a concept hierarchy can provide a basis for various types of inferences about an individual. However the various sources of inference may not lead to a consistent set of conclusions about the individual. This paper provides a brief glimpse at how we represent beliefs about specific individuals and conceptual knowledge, discusses some of the sources of inference we have defined, and describes procedures and structures that can be used to evaluate agreement among sources whose conclusions can be viewed as advocating various values in a tree partition of alternate values.
Implementation and design of physical radar waveform diversity

Echo-locating mammals have been exploiting waveform diversity (WD) for about 50 million years [1], and the notion of radar waveform design has been around for several decades (see [2] and references therein). However, the current instantiation of WD was first popularized in 2002 in the hopes of addressing the growing competition for radar spectrum [3]. Since that time, there has been a tremendous amount of work on myriad aspects of WD (e.g. [4]), with a particular emphasis on leveraging higher dimensionality (e.g., multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO)). Much of this work has focused on the complex mathematical modeling and subsequent optimization of radar “waveforms” (noting that the term tends to be used rather loosely). Here we summarize recent work that seeks to connect the parameterized mathematical abstraction of radar codes, which provide the benefit of being readily optimizable, with the physical attributes and limitations of real radar systems and phenomenology. This physical perspective permits realization of the promised performance enhancements of WD on actual hardware, as well as providing the means with which to address radar spectrum issues for real systems.
Bonobos (Pan paniscus) Perform Branch Drag Displays before Long-Distance Travel

Many primates use objects in courtship and dominance displays, but little is known about such displays in other contexts. Bonobos (Pan paniscus) frequently perform “branch drag” displays in which an individual runs along the ground while holding a branch in one hand. We aim to understand how bonobos use branch drags in the context of group travel. Using observational data collected from a community of free-ranging bonobos at the Lui Kotale field site in the Democratic Republic of Congo we compare group travel that occurs after branch drags to travel in the absence of branch drags. We found that bonobos are much more likely to perform branch drags before travel to a distant feeding tree than before shorter bouts of travel. At some locations, bonobos also perform branch drags before a change in travel direction. Our results suggest that in specific contexts branch drags may provide information about upcoming group travel, and likely function to coordinate group movement.