cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Transforming the auto industry.

This editorial examines the state of the three major automobile companies in the United States (Chrysler, Ford, and General Motors) and discusses what steps must be taken to keep these companies active in the future. The author urges that the companies must make a transition to high-mileage automobiles, and this transition must be a public-private effort. The need for revamped research and development methods is also discussed.
Hand preference, prematurity and developmental outcome at school age

Information was obtained on the hand preference of 88 premature and 80 matched full-term children at 7-8 years old. These children were also evaluated for neurologic status, IQ, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, and learning disabilities. Although the difference on hand preference was not significant, 12% more of the premature children than the full-term children were left- or mixed-handed. Results showed that, among premature children, there is an association between non-right-handedness and cognitive and behavioral deficits and that left-handed children show relative clumsiness with the non-preferred hand.
Merge-based design: A new method for managing variety and improving customization

As markets fragment, product variety management becomes critical to remain profitable. Product variety management needs to be improved continuously, especially for highly customised products that are tailored to niche markets. In this paper, we propose a novel method – merge-based design – to help manage variety in a product family. The proposed method targets the already tailored (unique) components in an effort to reduce the number of variant components in the family. Merge-based design also facilitates customisation by enabling designers to reduce the non-value-adding variety within a family. The proposed method is described and then demonstrated using a case study that involves two existing internal structures from single-use cameras. Finally, a new custom camera that uses the resulting common structure and a different exterior casing is proposed to illustrate how the method facilitates customisation.
Adoptive immunotherapy with allogeneic Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocytes for recurrent, EBV-positive Hodgkin disease.

BACKGROUND It has been shown that adoptive immunotherapy with Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTL) is effective for the treatment of EBV-induced lymphoproliferative disease in stem cell transplantation recipients and organ transplantation recipients. The role of EBV CTL in other tumors for which this virus has been implicated in pathogenesis, such as EBV-positive Hodgkin disease (HD), has not been demonstrated clearly. METHODS To investigate the antitumor effects and toxicity of allogeneic EBV CTL in EBV-positive HD, the authors initiated a pilot trial in which EBV CTL were cultured from allogeneic, partially human leukocyte antigen-matched donors and were infused into patients who had therapy-refractory disease. The first cohort of 3 patients (Cohort I) received 3 separate infusions of EBV CTL (5.0 × 106 EBV CTL/kg per dose), and the second cohort (Cohort II) received 30 mg/m2 per day of fludarabine for 3 days followed by a single CTL infusion (1.5 × 107 EBV CTL/kg). RESULTS All three patients in Cohort I had decreases in measurable disease after EBV CTL infusions, and one of those patients was without evidence of disease 22 months after infusion. Two of 3 patients in Cohort II had decreases in measurable disease, although it was not determined whether those decreases were related to fludarabine or to CTL, and 1 patient in Cohort II had 7 months without disease progression. Unlike the patients in Cohort I, fludarabine recipients did not have increases in antidonor CTL responses. Donor cells could not be detected in any of the CTL recipients. CONCLUSIONS Adoptive immunotherapy with allogeneic EBV CTL was safe for patients with recurrent, refractory, EBV-positive HD; and clinical responses may be observed without the establishment of detectable donor lymphoid chimerism. Cancer 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Endotoxin induced disseminated intravascular clotting: Evidence that it is mediated by neutrophil production of tissue factor

Abstract Cycloheximide is a potent inhibitor of protein synthesis. Its effects on endotoxin induced human neutrophil tissue factor production in vitro and endotoxin induced disseminated intravascular clotting (DIC) in rabbits were examined. Endotoxin added to citrated whole human blood led to the production of tissue factor except when neutrophils were absent from the blood. The production of this tissue factor was inhibited by cycloheximide. Cycloheximide added after the tissue factor was formed had no effect. We concluded that neutrophil production of tissue factor depends on protein synthesis. Eight steroid prepared rabbits were given intravenous cycloheximide prior to and after endotoxin injection. None of the rabbits developed DIC as measured by change in fibrinogen level or development of glomerular capillary thrombi. Six rabbits given endotoxin alone showed a 37% mean drop in fibrinogen level and four showed glomerular capillary thrombi. Rabbits treated with cycloheximide alone did not show any glomerular fibrin or change in fibrinogen level. They were capable of developing DIC since infusion of endotoxin and rabbit brain tissue factor caused a fall in fibrinogen level and development of glomerular fibrin. This adds further evidence that neutrophil production of tissue factor is necessary for endotoxin induced DIC.
Nature of Betanin, the Pigment of Red Beet

It has been generally supposed that the major red pigment of the root tissue of Beta vulgaris is composed of an anthocyanin nucleus coupled in some way with one or more amino-acids1–4. The other pigments, both red and yellow, are presumably very similar, with only minor variations5. The extreme instability of the compound and the difficulty with which it is obtained in the pure state demonstrate that these suppositions are highly speculative, at best.
Atmospheric science: Wetting the Arctic

Streamflow from northern Eurasia into the Arctic Ocean has been increasing since the 1930s. Research shows that increased poleward moisture transport is responsible for additional water in the region.
Construct Validity and Background Data: Issues, Abuses, and Future Directions

Abstract Few measures available to us show as much promise, for as many applications, as background data, or biodata measures. It is open to question, however, whether current work in the area of background data measures will live up to the technique's promise as a vehicle for understanding people and their careers. In this article, I argue that many of the problems evident in the background data literature may be traced to a failure to attend to the fundamental principles of construct validation. Subsequently, the major aspects of construct validity are examined with reference to their pertinence in the development and application of background data measures. It is argued that a more flexible, substantively oriented approach to the development and application of background data measures is called for.
High Sodium Rehydration Solutions in Well‐Nourished Outpatients

. We studied the safety and efficacy of high-sodium oral rehydration solution in the out-patient management of children with diarrhea, with or without dehydration. We studied 68 outpatients with acute diarrhea; 32% had mild-to-moderate dehydration; the rest were not dehydrated. They were treated at home for 24 h with either high-sodium (90 mmol/l) or low-sodium (30 mmol/l) solution. None of the patients given high-sodium solution became hyper-natremic. Of those patients who were dehydrated, 55% did not take enough fluid at home to repair their dehydration. We conclude that patients must be closely supervised for the initial rehydration period, but that high-sodium rehydration solutions can be safely given to outpatients for up to 24 hours.
If Bill Clinton Were a Woman: The Effectiveness of Male and Female Politicians’ Account Strategies Following Alleged Transgressions

As persons whose careers depend upon the support of the public, politicians by definition are required to be concerned with the management of their public impressions. This research considers the impact of a politician's sex on citizens’ evaluations following alleged transgressions. The study uses an experimental design to test how the sex of the politician affects the acceptability of various accounts following transgressions. The interaction of sex with the nature of the offense and the type of account offered is examined. Analysis suggests that sex, type of account, and type of transgression affect citizens’ evaluations although not always in obvious or direct ways. Most significantly, the analysis shows that women are not judged more harshly than men when involved in a transgression.
Kinetic analysis of barium currents in chick cochlear hair cells

Inward barium current (IBa) through voltage-gated calcium channels was recorded from chick cochlear hair cells using the whole-cell clamp technique. IBa was sensitive to dihydropyridines and insensitive to the peptide toxins omega-agatoxin IVa, omega-conotoxin GVIa, and omega-conotoxin MVIIC. Changing the holding potential over a -40 to -80 mV range had no effect on the time course or magnitude of IBa nor did it reveal any inactivating inward currents. The activation of IBa was modeled with Hodgkin-Huxley m2 kinetics. The time constant of activation, tau m, was 550 microseconds at -30 mV and gradually decreased to 100 microseconds at +50 mV. A Boltzmann fit to the activation curve, m infinity, yielded a half activation voltage of -15 mV and a steepness factor of 7.8 mV. Opening and closing rate constants, alpha m and beta m, were calculated from tau m and m infinity, then fit with modified exponential functions. The H-H model derived by evaluating the exponential functions for alpha m and beta m not only provided an excellent fit to the time course of IBa activation, but was predictive of the time course and magnitude of the IBa tail current. No differences in kinetics or voltage dependence of activation of IBa were found between tall and short hair cells. We conclude that both tall and short hair cells of the chick cochlea predominantly, if not exclusively, express noninactivating L-type calcium channels. These channels are therefore responsible for processes requiring voltage-dependent calcium entry through the basolateral cell membrane, such as transmitter release and activation of Ca(2+)-dependent K+ channels.
Performance feedback in a spine biopsy simulator

A surgical simulator for needle biopsy of the spine is being developed in the Radiology Department at Georgetown University Medical Center to assist in learning the procedure as well as to maximize accuracy and efficiency. Spine biopsies are often done under computed tomography (CT) guidance and while this technique is effective, it can be time consuming since the biopsy needle must be advanced slowly and its position checked several times to ensure vital organs are not damaged. Quantifying performance during simulation will allow accurate feedback tot eh surgeon as well as the design engineers. Quantifying performance during simulation will allow accurate feedback to the surgeon as well as the design engineers. Performance measures are also important to determine transfer of simulator training skills to actual surgical skills. The simulation protocol is in advanced development, and the steps include selecting the best CT slice for viewing the lesion, choosing the skin entry point, and advancing the needle to the biopsy location. Our methods for developing the system include the following: 1) A task analysis, which produces a detailed list of tasks needed to complete a goal, their order, and time to completion, 2) A function allocation assessment, which identifies critical task components with the goal of relieving the human workload by a reallocation of system functions, and 3) A simulator evaluation through subjective ratings and objective human performance measures.
Marital Change Across the Transition to Parenthood

Recent studies of the transition to parenthood which advance understanding over to earlier, cross sectional and retrospective investigations are examined with regard to what they indicate about how marriages change that occur in marital activities/interactions and sentiments, design issues pertaining to this recent research are considered, specifically the need for and meaning of a childless comparison group. An analysis of studies which employ and do not employ such contrast groups indicates that across the transition household of labor becomes more traditional, couple leisure activities become less frequent, positive interchanges decrease whereas conflict increases, and overall satisfaction with the marriage and feelings of love for the spouse decline, especially in the case of wives. It is observed, however, that these changes are modest in magnitude (at least as currently measured) and probably represent the accentuation of changes that typically take place in marital relationships over time. The need...
Correlation of bulk saturation magnetization with signal-to-media-noise ratio of Co–Cr–(Pt)–Ta alloy thin film disks

Abstract The effects of intrinsic saturation magnetization σ s on media magnetic properties and recording performance in Co–Cr–(Pt)–Ta alloy films were studied. Correlation between cobalt content and σ s and between σ s and media signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), has been revealed. Additions of Cr and Ta strongly reduce the film saturation magnetization; the addition of Pt makes the reduction of saturation magnetization less pronounced. It is found that higher σ s degrades media SNR. The mechanism for this decrease in SNR is believed to be an increase in the strength of magnetostatic interaction. It is concluded that for very low noise recording media low saturation magnetization alloys are preferred.
Priming creativity through improvisation on an adaptive musical instrument

Creativity is a crucial skill in today's knowledge economy, and creativity support tools are a valuable and important area of human-computer interaction research. Passive affective priming has been shown to be an effective means for enhancing creativity. Based on music cognition research, we propose music improvisation as an active and participatory cognitive prime for boosting creative ability. To make music improvisation accessible to all individuals regardless of music expertise, we present a novel instrument with an adaptive interface that facilitates music creation. We demonstrate that improvising music with our adaptive instrument provides an immediate boost to creative ability, even for people without musical training. We quantify the efficacy of interface adaptation techniques for enabling creative expression.
Tabletop mid-infrared nulling testbed for the Keck interferometer and the Terrestrial Planet Finder

A tabletop rotational-shearing interferometer experiment has been constructed and operated at JPL to serve as a testbed for the mid-infrared (~10 μm) nulling beam combiners on the Keck Interferometer and the Terrestrial Planet Finder. The testbed is a pupil-plane combiner in which destructive combination of the incoming wavefronts is achieved using a rooftop mirror system in which the polarization vector is flipped along the vertical axis on one arm and the horizontal axis on the other. The optical pathlength along one arm is adjustable using a linear stage driven by picomotor and piezoelectric actuators. The combined light is focussed onto a single-pixel LN 2 -cooled HgCdTe detector. In order to provide adequate sensitivity in the presence of the very bright thermal emission from the room-temperature optics, the light source is modulated and the output is demodulated using a lock-in amplifier. The optical pathlength difference (OPD) is stabilized under computer control by slowly dithering the actuated arm and balancing the leakage signal on either side of the null. The system has produced a stabilized null depth of -4 using a diode laser source emitting at a wavelength of 9.2 μm, and transient nulls of 10 -2 with a broadband thermal IR source in a 6.4% optical bandpass.
Finite-dimensional crystals B2,s for quantum affine algebras of type D(1)n

The Kirillov---Reshetikhin modules Wr,s are finite-dimensional representations of quantum affine algebras U'q labeled by a Dynkin node r of the affine Kac---Moody algebra $$\mathfrak{g}$$ and a positive integer s. In this paper we study the combinatorial structure of the crystal basis B2,s corresponding to W2,s for the algebra of type D(1)n.
Electromagnetic propagation in periodic porous structures

Abstract A variational technique is employed to compute approximate propagation constants for electromagnetic waves in a dielectric structure which is periodic in the X − Y plane and translationally invariant in the Z-direction. The fundamental cell, in the periodic structure, is composed of a pore and the surrounding host media. The pore is a circle of radius R 0 filled with a dielectric ϵ 1 and the host dielectric characterized by ϵ 2 . The size of the cell is characterized by the length A which is ∼ R 0 . Two limiting cases are considered. In the first, the pore size is assumed to be much smaller than the wavelength; this limit is motivated by microwave heating of porous material. The approximate propagation constants are explicitly computed for this case and are shown to depend upon the two dielectric constants, the relative areas of the two regions in the cell, and on a modal number. They are not given by a simple mixture formula. In the second limit, the pore size is taken to be of the same order as the wavelength; this limit is motivated by the propagation of light in a holey fiber. In this case our argument directly yields the dispersion relationship recently derived by Ferrando et al. [Opt. Lett. 24 (1999) 276], using intuitive and physical reasoning. Thus, our method puts theirs into a mathematical framework from which other approximations might be deduced.
Suppression of residual populations of stored-product pests in empty corn bins by releasing the predator Xylocoris flavipes (Reuter)

Populations of stored grain pests infesting grain residues in empty corn bins were affected differently by releases of 50 pairs of the predatory warehouse pirate bug, Xylocoris flavipes (Reuter) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae). Large insects, such as late instar pyralid moth larvae and adults, apparently were unaffected by the releases. Also, species such as the Sitophilus weevils and the lesser grain borer that develop in grain kernels were much less affected than small externally feeding insects. However, populations of a wide variety of species of small beetles, including both direct grain feeders (Tribolium castaneum, Oryzaephilus surinamensis, and Cryptolestes spp.) and secondary feeders (Ahasverus advena, Typhaea stericorea, and Carpophilus dimidiatus were either greatly reduced or eliminated by X. flavipes. Populations of these species had been reduced by 70 to 100% at the termination of the tests. Our results showed that residual populations of several species of small beetles in empty grain bins can be greatly reduced by weekly releases of a small number of X. flavipes. If specific parasitoids for moths and the primary grain pests were also released, the whole pest complex inhabiting empty grain bins might be greatly reduced or eliminated before newly harvested grain is brought to the bins for storage.
Compression-impact testing of aluminum at elevated temperatures

This paper presents and experimental technique for determining compressive stress-strain curves well into the plastic range of relatively soft metals at strain rates from 300 to 2000 sec−1 at six temperatures from 30 to 550° C. More than 100 curves were obtained on annealed 1100° F aluminum. The strain-rate dependence in these tests could be fitted quite well either by a power function (log-log plot) or by a semilogarithmic plot, but the power function gave a better correlation of the present data with that obtained at lower strain rates by Alder and Phillips.1
Changing Paradigms in the Treatment of Uroliths by Lithotripsy

Surgery remains a common procedure for removal of uroliths from the lower urinary tract of dogs. Incorporation of intracorporeal laser lithotripsy and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy has provided impetus for a paradigm shift in the way veterinarians manage urinary stones, however. These minimally invasive techniques provide a successful alternative to surgical urolith extraction.
Red Blood Cell Survival in Patients with Aortic Valvular Disease and Ball-Valve Prostheses

Red blood cell survival was determined in patients with aortic valvular disease, postoperative patients with aortic valvular ball-valve prostheses and postoperative patients with multiple ball-valve prostheses. The red blood cell survival was reduced in the majority of patients in each group when compared with the red blood cell survival from a normal control group. A detailed analysis of the survival curves suggested that in many patients there was more than one population of red blood cells. The first population displayed rapid random destruction. This population was not present in normal persons in the control group. The second population showed the usual decline in radioactivity due to random destruction and loss of the red cell label due to elution. The shortened red blood cell survival in some patients was due to a large percentage of the first population of randomly destroyed red blood cells, in other patients to an accelerated rate of destruction of the usual single population of cells while others had a combination of the two mechanisms. A mechanism of mechanical hemolysis due to increased intracardiac turbulence was suggested as a cause for the shortened survival. When the turbulence was increased by a leak around the aortic or mitral valve prosthesis the red blood cell survival was found to be further decreased. In some cases this reduction in survival was enough to produce hemolytic anemia. The Coombs antiglobulin test was positive in three patients. The suggestion was made that the development of autoantibodies to red blood cells was secondary to increased destruction of red blood cells.
B-B mixing in technicolor theory

Abstract We calculate the B d - B d mixing in the technicolor theory with monophagic coupling of quarks and pseudo-Goldstone bosons. The contributions of the technicolor pseudo-Goldstone bosons, enhanced by QCD color factors, dominate for a wide range of parameters. if the top-down quark Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix element is not near the minimal allowed value, the pseudo-Goldstone bosons plus W boson can adequately account for the observed mixing for a range of the pseudo-Goldstone boson and top quark mass.
Fractal antenna engineering: the theory and design of fractal antenna arrays

A fractal is a recursively generated object having a fractional dimension. Many objects, including antennas, can be designed using the recursive nature of a fractal. In this article, we provide a comprehensive overview of recent developments in the field of fractal antenna engineering, with particular emphasis placed on the theory and design of fractal arrays. We introduce some important properties of fractal arrays, including the frequency-independent multi-band characteristics, schemes for realizing low-sidelobe designs, systematic approaches to thinning, and the ability to develop rapid beam-forming algorithms by exploiting the recursive nature of fractals. These arrays have fractional dimensions that are found from the generating subarray used to recursively create the fractal array. Our research is in its infancy, but the results so far are intriguing, and may have future practical applications.
Correlates of Early Postpartum Depressive Symptoms

Background: Postpartum depressive symptoms negatively affect the quality of life and daily functioning of mothers and infants. Little research has examined the impact of situational factors such as physical symptom burden and function on early postpartum depressive symptoms. Objectives: To explore the association between situational factors and early postpartum depressive symptoms. To predict correlates of early postpartum depressive symptoms. Methods: Cross sectional telephone survey of 720 mothers between 2 and 6 weeks postpartum. Mothers reported on demographic factors, physical and psychological symptoms, daily function, infant behaviors, social support, and skills in managing infant and household. The association between these factors and postpartum depressive symptoms were investigated with bivariate and multivariable analyses. Results: Nearly, 39% of patients screened positive for depressive symptoms. Bivariate analyses showed symptomatic patients were more likely to be nonwhite, have lower incomes, less education, a past history of depression, have higher physical symptom burdens, more physical functional limitations, more infant colic, receive less social support, and have lower-self-efficacy scores as compared with patients without symptoms of depression. In a multivariable model predicting depressive symptoms, nonwhite race (odds ratio (OR) of 1.96, 95% confidence interval (CI) of 1.38, 2.78), more physical symptoms (OR 1.16, 95% CI 1.01, 1.32), infant colic (OR 1.79, 95% CI 1.29, 2.50) lack of social support (OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.86, 0.95), and lower self-efficacy scores (OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.86, 0.94) were associated with depressive symptoms. Conclusions: Nonwhite race, physical symptom burden, infant colic, lack of social support, and lower self-efficacy scores are associated with early postpartum depressive symptoms. Further research is needed to investigate whether providing social support and teaching skills to enhance self-efficacy will reduce the incidence of early postpartum symptoms of depression.
Regulatory changes in presynaptic cholinergic function assessed in rapid autopsy material from patients with Alzheimer disease: implications for etiology and therapy.

Abstract Brain regions from patients with or without Alzheimer disease (AD) were obtained within 2 hr of death and examined for indices of presynaptic cholinergic function. Consistent with loss of cholinergic projections, cerebral cortical areas involved in AD exhibited decreased choline acetyltransferase (acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase, EC 2.3.1.6) activity. However, remaining nerve terminals in these regions displayed marked up-regulation of synaptosomal high affinity [3H]choline uptake, a result indicative of relative cholinergic hyperactivity. As choline uptake is also rate-limiting in acetylcholine biosynthesis, these findings have implications for both therapy and identification of causes contributing to neuronal death in AD.
Heterochromatin and histone phosphorylation.

Abstract Histone phosphorylation and nuclear structure have been compared in cultured cell lines of two related species of deer mice, Peromyscus crinitus and Peromyscus eremicus , which differ greatly in their heterochromatin contents but which contain essentially the same euchromatin content. Flow microfluorometry measurements indicated that P. eremicus contained 36% more DNA than did P. crinitus , and C-band chromosome staining indicated that the extra DNA of P. eremicus existed as constitutive heterochromatin. Two striking differences in interphase nuclear structure were observed by electron microscopy. Peromyscus crinitus nuclei contained small clumps of heterochromatin and a loose, amorphous nucleolus, while P. eremicus nuclei contained large, dense clumps of heterochromatin and a densely structured, well defined, nucleolonema form of nucleolus. Incorporation of 32 PO 4 into histones indicated that the steady-state phosphorylation of H1 was identical in P. crinitus and P. eremicus cells. In contrast, the phosphorylation rate of H2 a was 58% greater in the highly heterochromatic chromatin of P. eremicus cells than in the lesser heterochromatic chromatin of P. crinitus cells, suggesting an involvement of H2 a phosphorylation in heterochromatin structure. It is suggested that the three histone phosphorylations related to cell growth (H1, H2 a , and H3) may be associated with different levels of chromatin organization: H1 interphase phosphorylation with some submicroscopic (molecular) level of organization, H2 a phosphorylation with a higher level of chromatin organization found in heterochromatin, and H3 and H1 superphosphorylation with the highest level of chromatin organization observed in condensed chromosomes.
Do introductory criminology textbooks cite the most influential criminologists? Estimating the “match” between what journals report and what textbooks discuss

Using recent citation analyses of criminology journals and textbooks to estimate the “match” between what journals report and what textbooks discuss. Twentythree criminology textbooks published from 1989 to 1993 were ranked by how prominently they cite the 25 most-cited scholars in recent leading criminology journals. I suggest some reasons why criminology textbook authors extensively cite and discuss some influential scholars but not others, and conclude by noting several limitations to using citation analysis to estimate the match between journals and textbooks.
Modern and Ancient Examples of Annelid Burrows as Current-Direction Indicators: ABSTRACT

Estuarine burrow patterns of the modern polychaete Diopatra cuprae relate to tidal currents in arrangements closely resembling trace-fossil assemblages of a Cambrian tidal sand body. Dwelling tubes of Diopatra on tidal creek point bars in South Carolina reflect local hydrodynamics in four preservable ways: (1) population density is markedly higher on intertidal bar flanks than in channels; (2) burrows are sparse on parts of the bar shielded from ebb currents; (3) in intertidal areas with high population densities, tubes comprise linear rows normal to flow; and (4) tubes in intertidal areas subject to supercritical flow are ringed by asymmetrically ellipsoidal, current-parallel scour pits preferentially oriented in the ebb direction. Associations of sedimentary textures and structures in Cambrian orthoquartzites of eastern Pennsylvania are analogous to modern upward-fining tidal-channel and point-bar deposits. Channel deposits are characterized by nonburrowed, thick sets of planar-tangential cross-strata with erosional bases and abundant mudclast lags. Intertidal bars display higher population densities and are characterized by thin sets of planar-tabular cross-strata with bipolar orientations, herringbone cross-stratification, and reactivation surfaces. Monocraterion occurs as a Skolithos burrow top, and only in intertidal sequences; these structures are analogous to the scour pits around Diopatra burrows. In plan, the asymmetrical ellipses of Monocraterion burrows are parallel and arranged in rows. These feature allow the measurement of paleocurrent directions from relatively small bedding-plane exposures. End_of_Article - Last_Page 415------------
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin levels in adipose tissue of Vietnam veterans

Abstract 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo- p -dioxin (TCDD) has been detected at levels ranging from 20 to 173 parts per trillion in adipose tissue from three Vietnam veterans who were “heavily exposed” to Herbicide Orange. Some tissue samples from other Vietnam veterans and from controls also contained 2,3,7,8-TCDD at levels below 20 parts per trillion.
Racial differences in abnormal ambulatory blood pressure monitoring measures: Results from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study.

BACKGROUND Several ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) measures have been associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk independent of clinic blood pressure (BP). African Americans have higher clinic BP compared with Whites but few data are available on racial differences in ABPM measures.
Anomalous cluster glass behavior in a quasi-one-dimensional organic-based magnet

Abstract The spin glass transition of the quasi-one-dimensional (1D) organic-based magnet [MnTPP]+[TCNE]− 2(1,3-C6H4Cl2) (TPP is tetraphenylporphyrin dianion, TCNE is tetracyanoethylene) is explored using both a.c. and d.c. measurements. The a.c. susceptibility shows a strong frequency dependent peak consistent with a clustered spin glass state. Application of a d.c. magnetic field suppresses the peak in the a.c. susceptibility. Magnetic relaxation data can be fit to a stretched exponential, with the results reflecting a spin glass transition near 4 K. The spin cluster dimension and the effective dimension of the system are calculated within a fractal cluster model of spin glasses with values for the spin cluster dimension ranging from ∼0.8 to over 1.5 as the glass transition is approached.
Erythropoietin induction by electroconvulsive seizure, gene regulation, and antidepressant-like behavioral effects.

Background The neuroprotective and trophic actions of erythropoietin (EPO) have been tested in several animal models of insult, injury, and neurodegeneration. Recent studies in human volunteers demonstrated that EPO improves cognition and also elicits antidepressant effects. It is believed that the behavioral effects are mediated by EPO's trophic effect on neuronal systems. We therefore tested whether EPO is able to alter behavior and brain gene expression in rats. Methods The expression of EPO and EPO receptor (EPOR) in multiple brain regions was examined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemistry. The regulation of EPO and the transcription factor hypoxia-induced factor–alpha (HIF1α) after electroconvulsive seizure (ECS) was investigated. Behavioral effects of EPO were tested in the rodent forced swimming and novelty-induced hypophagia (NIH) models. EPO gene profiles were obtained by microarray analysis of the hippocampus after intracerebroventricular infusion. Results EPO and EPOR were widely expressed in the brain albeit at low levels. Highest level of EPO and EPOR were in the choroid plexus and striatum, respectively. Peripheral administration of EPO was sufficient to produce a robust antidepressant-like effect in the forced swim and NIH tests. Gene expression profiles revealed that EPO induces the expression of neurotrophic genes such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor, VGF (nonacronymic), and neuritin. Conclusions EPO is induced by ECS and independently exhibits antidepressant-like efficacy in the forced swim and NIH tests. EPO regulates the expression of genes implicated in antidepressant action and appears to be a candidate molecule for further testing in neuropsychiatry.
The number of binary cube-free words of length up to 47 and their numerical analysis

An analog of the work of Noonan and Zeilberger on square-free ternary words given for the case of cube-free binary words. As in their work, the Goulden-Jackso Cluster Method is used to derive a rigorous upper bound, as well as a non-rigorot estimate, for the limit of thenth roots of the terms. The Maple implementatin of the work is available from this paper's website www.math.temple. edu/`anne/cut free.html.
Multipoint solution of two-point boundary-value problems

The purpose of this paper is to report on the application of multipoint methods to the solution of two-point boundary-value problems with special reference to the continuation technique of Roberts and Shipman. The power of the multipoint approach to solve sensitive two-point boundary-value problems with linear and nonlinear ordinary differential equations is exhibited. Practical numerical experience with the method is given.
LUMINESCENCE IN a-Si:H

Dangling bonds, as observed in ESR, act as both radiative and non-radiative recombination centers in a-Si:H. The luminescence properties of a-Si:H are therefore very sensitive to the presence of dangling bonds. Non-radiative recombination is shown to occur by electron tunnelling at low temperature and by diffusion and capture at high temperature. The evidence for a weak radiative transition of electrons trapped at dangling bonds is discussed. The luminescence properties of doped and compensated a-Si:H are shown to be dominated by the changes in dangling bond density.
On the equivalence of resale price maintenance and quantity restrictions

Abstract When demand is known with certainty, there is a clear mapping between a monopolist's pricing and output decisions. This suggests an equivalence between a monopolist manufacturer specifying a minimum (maximum) retail price, and imposing a maximum (minimum) quantity on its retailers. This paper shows that while the effect of maximum RPM can always be replicated by an appropriate quantity floor, the minimum RPM outcome cannot always be replicated by an appropriately-chosen quantity ceiling. As such, the analysis provides one reason that manufacturers will choose a price floor rather than quantity ceiling, even though a quantity ceiling would appear to lead to lower monitoring costs.
What is it about Revealing Secrets that is Beneficial

Given the substantial evidence described in the previous chapter that revealing private traumatic or negative experiences is associated with psychological and physiological benefits, the question remains, Why is revealing secrets helpful? One commonly held view among scientists is that through gaining new insights into the secrets people feel better about them. Another idea is that through venting emotions or gaining catharsis people come to feel better about their secrets. In this chapter, I review the evidence on these two ideas and then describe in detail a pair of studies that my students and I conducted (Kelly et al., 2001) in which we teased apart the effects of gaining new insights versus catharsis.
Meeting the challenge of fifty years of logic

In this article, we tell a story of good fortune. The good fortune concerns the discovery of a systematic approach to compress 50 years of excellent research in logic into a single day's use of an automated reasoning program. The discovery resulted from a colleague's experiment with a new representation and a new use of the weighting strategy. The experiment focused on an attempt—which I knew would fail—to prove one of the benchmark theorems that had eluded us for years. Fortunately, I was wrong; my colleague's attempt was successful, and a proof was found. The proof led to proving in one day 13 theorems, theorems that resulted from 50 years of excellent research in logic. We present these theorems as intriguing problems to test the power of a reasoning program or to evaluate the effectiveness of a new idea. In addition to the challenge problems, we discuss a possible approach to finding short proofs and the results achieved with it.
The reactions of triethylindium and trimethylgallium with arsine gas

Abstract A study of the premature room temperature gas-phase reactions involved in the growth of GaInAs using Et3In, Me3Ga and AsH3 was undertaken, using a specially designed mass spectrometer sampling system on a conventional, low pressure organometallic vapor phase epitaxy reactor. It was shown that the reaction of the Et3InAsH3 mixture could be described by reversible bimolecular reaction kinetics within the limits of experimental error, and evidence for an adduct is presented. The equilibrium constant for this system was determined as 30 Torr; the rates of forward and reverse reactions were 5 (Torr s)−1 and 0.17 s−1 respectively. The Me3GaAsH3 reaction was found to occur at room temperature in less than 0.2 s; as a result, only lower bounds for the equilibrium constant and the rate of forward reaction could be determined.
Quinidine‐enhanced β‐blockade during treatment with propafenone in extensive metabolizer human subjects

Propafenone, a sodium channel blocking antiarrhythmic drug with beta-blocking properties, is metabolized to non-beta-blocking metabolites in part by cytochrome P4502D6. Subtherapeutic doses of quinidine inhibit P4502D6 and increase plasma propafenone in extensive metabolizer subjects, in whom the active enzyme is present. In this study we tested the hypothesis that quinidine would enhance beta-blockade in extensive metabolizers receiving propafenone. Seven extensive and two poor metabolizers received propafenone (225 mg orally every 8 hours) plus quinidine sulfate (60 mg orally every 8 hours) or propafenone plus placebo for 7 days in a randomized, double-blind, crossover fashion. In extensive metabolizers, the coadministration of quinidine significantly increased the extent of propafenone-induced beta-blockade, assessed by a decrease in exercise heart rate and by sensitivity to isoproterenol. We conclude that low-dose quinidine enhances propafenone-induced beta-blockade in extensive metabolizers. Thus the polymorphic patterns of drug metabolism can result in clinically significant drug interactions on a genetic basis.
Coordination of the transcriptome and metabolome by the circadian clock

The circadian clock governs a large array of physiological functions through the transcriptional control of a significant fraction of the genome. Disruption of the clock leads to metabolic disorders, including obesity and diabetes. As food is a potent zeitgeber (ZT) for peripheral clocks, metabolites are implicated as cellular transducers of circadian time for tissues such as the liver. From a comprehensive dataset of over 500 metabolites identified by mass spectrometry, we reveal the coordinate clock-controlled oscillation of many metabolites, including those within the amino acid and carbohydrate metabolic pathways as well as the lipid, nucleotide, and xenobiotic metabolic pathways. Using computational modeling, we present evidence of synergistic nodes between the circadian transcriptome and specific metabolic pathways. Validation of these nodes reveals that diverse metabolic pathways, including the uracil salvage pathway, oscillate in a circadian fashion and in a CLOCK-dependent manner. This integrated map illustrates the coherence within the circadian metabolome, transcriptome, and proteome and how these are connected through specific nodes that operate in concert to achieve metabolic homeostasis.
Attributional style in aggressive adolescent boys

Past research suggests that aggressive children misattribute hostile intentions to peers during ambiguous provocative interactions. This study sought to extend the analysis of attributional differences between aggressive and nonaggressive boys to a sample of court-involved adolescents and their perceptions of interactions involving both peers and adults. Three groups of youngsters (nonoffenders, nonaggressive offenders, and aggressive offenders) participated in a structured interview and provided causal attributions for interpersonal problems commonly faced by teenagers. Results indicated that offenders were more likely than nonoffenders to attribute blame to others in ambiguous problem situations. Among offenders, external, person-centered blame attributions were significantly related to aggressiveness. This relationship was found only in ambiguous situations, and the correlation between such person-centered attributions and aggressiveness was higher in adult-oriented interactions than in peer-oriented ones. Overall, the results suggest that aggressiveness among offenders is associated with an attributional style that is characterized by the tendency to attribute blame for problems in ambiguous interactions to global, dispositional characteristics of others.
Characterizations of Fatigue Deformation and Fracture Behavior of Commercially Pure Iron with Grain Boundary Micro-Voids

Fatigue deformation behavior of the commercially pure iron containing micro-voids at grain boundaries (GBs) were investigated under total strain amplitude control, and fatigue fractures were quantitatively characterized by fractal analyses. The cyclic response curves of the CP iron show an initial softening stage within early several cycles followed by a continuous cyclic hardening. No stress saturation phenomenon was found. Pre-existence of micro-voids at GBs spurs intergranular cracking to become a common damage mode besides transgranular cracking along slip bands. Quantitative analyses of fracture surface demonstrate that the value of fractal dimension D of the scanning profile in the crack growth zone is the largest as compared to those in the crack source zone and final rapid fracture area, almost regardless of the applied strain amplitude. This phenomenon was discussed in terms of the tortuosity of crack propagation path.
Time scales of surface ozone variations in the regional, non-urban environment

Abstract A five-year (1985–1989) time series of the average diurnal maximum ozone concentration, O3(t), was developed and examined in each of four 5° latitude by 5° longitude areas in the eastern United States. The time series was divided into four terms: the long-term mean, O 3 ; the intra-annual perturbation, A(t′); the inter-annual perturbation, I(t″); and the synoptic perturbation, S(t). The sum of O 3 and A(t′) is the mean annual cycle for the daily maximum ozone. In these four areas and in non-urban episode conditions, O 3 and S(t) provided the major contribution to the observed daily maximum, accounting for about 70 to 85% of the ozone concentration. However, there were individual instances at certain stations in the four areas when the synoptic perturbation alone contributed as much as 60% to the observed ozone. A(t′) accounted for up to 20% of the observed daily maximum in an episode situation, and I(t″) up to 13% in the ozone season. The results of this study suggest that control strategies focused on reducing the magnitude of O 3 and the annual range for A(t′) can reduce the frequency of episodes in the ozone season, but because of large values of S(t) that have been observed, episodic control strategies will also be necessary to completely eliminate episodes.
Intestinal transmural electrical activity: selective effects of mucosal and serosal anaerobiosis.

Abstract We have found that when actively transported organic solutes are not present, potential difference (PD) and short-circuit current ( I sc ) across rat small intestine are much more dependent upon oxygen in the serosal solution than in the mucosal solution However, the electrical response to an actively transported sugar is more sensitive to mucosal O2 than to serosal O2.
Mentoring for clinician-educators

Mentorship has been shown to have a positive impact on academic faculty members in terms of career advancement. The guidance of a mentor has been shown to increase academic outcome measures such as peer-reviewed publications and grant support for junior academic faculty. In addition, career satisfaction of mentored faculty is greater than those with no mentorship. There is little research on the effects of mentorship on the careers of clinician-educators. This group has also been reported to have a lower scholarly productivity rate than the typical research-based faculty. This article addresses the current state of mentorship as it applies specifically to clinician-educators, offers advice on how a potential protege might seek out a potential mentor, and finally, suggests a possible mentoring system for academic emergency physicians who are focusing on careers in medical education.
Bone Marrow and Peripheral Blood Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: Focus on Autografting

This review focuses on certain of the principles involved in high-dose chemotherapy and radiation therapy along with autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for the treatment of certain malignancies. In addition, the evidence, wherever possible based on randomized data, for the application of this approach in certain malignancies is reviewed. The malignancies highlighted include acute myeloid leukemia, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, Hodgkin disease, and breast cancer.